OTBA Science 9th
OTBA Science 9th
OTBA Science 9th
2014
Zonal Institute of Education & Training
Bhubaneswar
Prepared under the Guidance of Ms. Usha Aswath Iyer, DC/Director of ZIET,BBSR
Prepared by
1. Mrs. Hajra Sheikh
PGT(Chemistry)
2. Mrs. T. Samrajya Lakshmi PGT(Physics)
CONTEXT
This Material is prepared to help the students to understand and analyse the passage given. Also the
teacher is requested to make students sit in a group and come out with answers after a discussion. The
paragraph wise questions and questions that involve thinking, analyzing and reflecting are also
included. In Group work, will lead to development of maximum potential of the student.
A mind map has been made at the end of each theme to aid the students understanding. The students
could be made to make such mind maps after reading the open text passage. Mind maps can be made
still simpler.
The given Open text material is for use in Summative Assessment II of Class IX
(2014)
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OPEN TEXT BOOK ASSESSMENT FOR CLASS IX (SCIENCE) PREPARED BY ZIET BHUBANESWAR
Name the conditions of the atmosphere that provides excellent conditions to support
The atmosphere comprising of mainly Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide and water
Name the gas that is necessary for the survival of life on earth.
`Name the phenomenon that is essential to maintain and keep the earths atmosphere
Photosynthesis
The use of refrigerators and air conditioners, fire extinguishers, aerosol sprays like
warm.
deodorants etc. results in release of CFCs and N2O in the atmosphere which is
responsible for depletion of ozone layer
UV radiations enter into the atmosphere causing damage to all kinds of life on earth.
What is NAMP?
PM10 is the term used to describe tiny particles in the air, made up of a complex
mixture of soot, organic and inorganic materials having particle size less than or equal
to 10 microns diameter(10 microns is equal to one hundredth part of a millimeter)
10
Air pollution is the fifth largest killer in India taking 6.2 lakh lives per year.
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OPEN TEXT BOOK ASSESSMENT FOR CLASS IX (SCIENCE) PREPARED BY ZIET BHUBANESWAR
Delhi, Ghaziabad, Gwalior, West Singbhum district in Jharkhand and Raipur are the
The oxides of sulphur, carbon, and nitrogen released into the atmosphere from
chimneys of Industries and exhaust of vehicles react with water of the rains and
oxygen from air to form acids. Dissolved acids make the rain acidic in nature.
Acid rains are very harmful for both, living and nonliving things. Acid rains damage
crops, pollute soil and water, ruin the harvest, damage aquatic life and erode
buildings.
Name the undesirable components which contaminate and cause air pollution
The harmful Ozone in the lower atmosphere, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide,
Solid or liquid matter that is suspended in the air, Sulfur dioxide, Lead,Arsenic,
asbestos, benzene and dioxin, Green House gasses Carbon dioxide methane and
nitrous oxide are the components which cause air pollution.
5
A
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OPEN TEXT BOOK ASSESSMENT FOR CLASS IX (SCIENCE) PREPARED BY ZIET BHUBANESWAR
To give awareness to the people towards keeping the planet Earth non polluted, Earth
Increase in the levels of CO2 due to excessive burning of fossil fuels and other carbon
containing fuels which results in excessive heating of the earths surface is called
Global Warming.
What are the greenhouse gases present in the earths atmosphere in their order of
What made the Governments of different nations take up the problem of air pollution
Smog which surrounded the city of London in the year 1952 resulted in the loss of
to a central stage?
about 4000 human lives and many others suffering from serious breathing problems .
This made Governments of different nations to take-up the problem of air pollution to
a central stage.
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Smog is a mixture of smoke dust particles and fog. The smoke emitted from the
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Air toxics can impair lung function and neurodevelopment, or aggravate existing
exhaust of the vehicles settles over fog in winter and reduces the visibility
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13
Chronic cough and bronchitis, Reduced lung function, wheezing and asthma attacks,.
High respiratory rate, Respiratory death cough bronchitis wheeze and ear infections
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OPEN TEXT BOOK ASSESSMENT FOR CLASS IX (SCIENCE) PREPARED BY ZIET BHUBANESWAR
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From the bar graph find out in which city there are more number of ill health children
In Nagpur there are more number of unhealthy children because Nagpur is more
and less number of ill health children and give your conclusions.
polluted and in, Hyderabad there are less number of unhealthy children because
Hyderabad is comparatively less polluted. There are more number of unhealthy
children in Nagpur than the other cities.The city does not have large industries and
hence the high SPM levels are mainly due to demolition of buildings, construction
activity, and excavation of roads
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PM10 is particulate matter. The unit of measurement of PM10 is microgram per cubic
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From the table showing the Ambient Air quality factor of different cities, find the cities
From the table Gwalior and Raipur are the cities which are more polluted because in
metre or gm/m3
those places PM 10 311 and 310 which is 1.5 times more than the National
standards.
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What are the national standards of Ambient Air Quality for Residential, Industrial, and
other areas?
National Ambient Air Quality standard for Residential Rural and other areas(Annual
average) for SO2 = 50 microgram per cubic metre ,NO2 = gm/m3 PM 10=60 gm/m3
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ii.
Photosynthesis
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Ozone can lead to more frequent asthma attacks in people who have asthma and can
cause sore throats, coughs, and breathing difficulty. It may even lead to premature
death. It can also hurt plants and crops.
.
What is the effect of Air Pollution on Taj Mahal? Give reasons for the same.
Taj Mahal is turning yellow because of air pollution. Glass factories, rubber industries,
Mathura Oil refinery and other industries of the neighbouring towns which burn
fossil fuels are responsible for this. These industries release soot particles and gases
into the atmosphere. The soot particles turn the colour of the marble to yellow and
gases react with water to form acid rain which corrodes the marble of the monument
3
What are the steps taken by the Govt to protect the Taj Mahal?
Battery run buses or horse-drawn carriages have been set up for visitors to
reach the monument.
Industries in neighbouring towns are being persuaded to use cleaner fuels like
CNG and LPG instead of coke in their furnaces.
Taj Mahal is turning yellow because of air pollution. Glass factories, rubber industries,
Mathura Oil refinery and other industries of the neighbouring towns which burn
fossil fuels are responsible for this. These industries release soot particles and gases
into the atmosphere. The soot particles turn the colour of the marble to yellow and
gases react with water to form acid rain which corrodes the marble of the monument.
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5
A
GROUP-B
a. April 22
b. Greenhouse gas
2. Chlorofluorocarbons
c. Refrigeration
d.
Malappuram
f.
PM 10
e.
Gwalior
5. Continuous Development
6. carbon dioxide
7. Earth Day
What is PM10?
Particulate matter (PM10) pollution consists of very small liquid and solid particles
floating in the air. Of greatest concern to public health are the particles small enough
to be inhaled into the deepest parts of the lung. These particles are less
than 10 microns in diameter - about 1/7th the thickness of the human hair - and are
known as PM10. This includes fine particulate matter known as PM2.5.
(Or)
PM10 is a mixture of materials that can include smoke, soot, dust, salt, acids, and
metals. Particulate matter also forms when gases emitted from motor vehicles and
industry undergoes chemical reactions in the atmosphere.
8
Health problems begin as the body reacts to these foreign particles. PM10 can increase
the number and severity of asthma attacks, cause or aggravate bronchitis and other
lung diseases, and reduce the body's ability to fight infections.
Although particulate matter can cause health problems for everyone, certain people
are especially vulnerable to PM10's adverse health effects. These "sensitive populations"
include children, the elderly, exercising adults, and those suffering from asthma or
bronchitis.
Of greatest concern are recent studies that link PM10 exposure to the premature death
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OPEN TEXT BOOK ASSESSMENT FOR CLASS IX (SCIENCE) PREPARED BY ZIET BHUBANESWAR
of people who already have heart and lung disease, especially the elderly
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asthma and can cause sore throats, coughs, and breathing difficulty. It may even lead
to premature death..
Carbon Monoxide (CO): Carbon monoxide makes it hard for body parts to get the
oxygen they need to run correctly. Exposure to carbon monoxide makes people feel
dizzy and tired and gives them headaches. In high concentrations it is fatal. Elderly
people with heart disease are hospitalized more often when they are exposed to higher
amounts of carbon monoxide.
Particulate Matter (PM): Particulate matter that is small enough can enter the lungs
and cause health problems. Some of these problems include more frequent asthma
attacks, respiratory problems, and premature death.
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30gm/m3. Since these values are very much below the national standards the city is
considered to be pollution free
13
* Turn out the lights in empty rooms and when away from home.
* Avoid burning trash or leaves
As a student what all actions can you take to make your environment clean
a.
OPEN TEXT BOOK ASSESSMENT FOR CLASS IX (SCIENCE) PREPARED BY ZIET BHUBANESWAR
sleeping or on vacation.)
d. Cut back on the amount of packaging you purchase and the
amount of household waste you produce (by composting).
e. Reduce the amount of time you spend in the car. (Carpool or use
public transportation whenever you can)
16
Study picture 5 and answer the following question. How do the pollutants
affect the children?
maturation of several biological systems such as the brain, lungs, and immune
system. Air toxins can impair lung function and neurodevelopment, or
aggravate existing conditions, such as chronic cough, bronchitis, reduced lung
function, wheezing and asthma. Infants who were born premature or growthretarded may be particularly vulnerable to additional environmental insults.
Carbon dioxide is necessary for the survival of life on Earth as it is an essential raw
material for the process of photosynthesis and greenhouse effect. This effect is essential
to maintain and keep the earths atmosphere warm to sustain life. But due to excessive
burning of fossil fuels and other carbon containing fuels, there has been an excessive
release of CO2 in the atmosphere. The increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere lead to
excessive heating in the earths surface. The heating results into a new phenomenon
called Global Warming.
b. Give any two uses of the gas that is released in the process of photosynthesis.
c. What are the greenhouse gases?
A
a. The functions of greenhouse gases are to absorb heat from sunlight and
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trap it in the atmosphere to warm the Earth and melt the ice caps.
rain getting absorbed by the soil. The harmful acids can have hazardous effects on the
roots of the trees
.
Effects on soil:: the soil has abundant various metals and minerals. When these metals
come in contact with acid rain there can be some harmful chemical reactions. These
reactions can lead to soil erosion. Acid rains are known to reduce the fertility of the
soil, leaving the land barren. Harmful acids can also reduce the amount of soil
microorganisms which perform important job of breaking down the dead and decayed
plants and other beings.
Effects on Aquatic Flora and Fauna: Acid rain can directly affect the aquatic life, as the
high amount of sulphuric acid and nitric acid levels in acid rains are directly
consumed by aquatic plants and animals. The harmful acids affects the ability of fish
to take in nutrients, salt, and oxygen. Aquatic animals intake oxygen from the water
through their gills, but harmful acids leads to mucus formation in the gills, which
hinders their ability to respire. Acid rains affect the pH level of water which reduce the
absorption capacity of essential nutrients of the aquatic life.
Effects on Human Health: As acid rain affects the soil making it poisonous, the
food which is grown on this soil is also contaminated. This food can seriously
hamper our entire body system and may cause death. The release of various
gases in the atmosphere leads to lung problems
3
Identify from the pictures and data given in the text, the diseases which occur in
children of age group 6 to 12 and 0 to 5 due to air pollution. Analyse the given data
and draw conclusion about health of children and pollution levels of various cities in
India. What are the steps taken by the authorities and communities to check the same?
Diseases which occur in children of age group 6 to 12: due to air pollution
Increase in lung volume
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There are more number of unhealthy children in Nagpur than the other cities.
The city does not have large industries and hence the high SPM levels are mainly due
to demolition of buildings, construction activity, and excavation of roads.
STEPS TAKEN BY THE Govt TO CHECK AIR POLLUTION :
i.
ii.
iii.
A
i.
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ii.
oxygen. Without oxygen, vital organs, your heart and brain become
circumstances cardiac trauma, brain damage, coma and even death will
result.
iii.
A farmer plants the crop in the field. After some days he finds the plants to be
dead. He plants the crop once again and finds the same result. What may be
the cause for this . Give your answer.
The Plants die due to the effect of acid rain. Acid rain does not affect the trees
directly, Instead it weakens them by damaging their leaves and roots or
poisoning them with toxic substances. Nutrients present in the soil are
release of CO2 gas into the atmosphere. During the next rain Sudha
got wet. Red rashes followed by itching were formed on her body.
i.
ii.
A
i.
This could be caused due to acid rains. The first shower of rainfall
ii.
Answer the following questions . Teachers are requested to make the children
answer these questions by the way of group work
1
Think of a Model which can give signals when the pollution coming out of
2.
Suppose that a place is highly polluted and filled with gases of CO2, SO2, PM
etc. Think of the ways that gases will not mix or minimise the amount that
they mix with rain water to form acids and fall on the ground.
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CONCEPT MAP -2
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Enhancement of quality of living in mans life is due to his ability and power to transform his
What was the highest rainfall that was recorded in Uttarakhand till 2012.What was the rainfall
The highest rainfall recorded till 2012 was 350.5mm in 1970.The rainfall recorded on 16th and
What is the average monthly rainfall during the months of June , July and August
In the month of June average monthly rainfall is 210mm while in July and August it is more than
What is the highest ever single day rainfall in June for the state of Uttarakhand
It is 370mm.
Name a device used for collecting and measuring the amount of rain which falls.
Rain gauge
Tourism without upsetting the existing balance in nature at a place is called eco
600mm.
friendly tourism.
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Who is an Ecologist?
A biologist who studies the relation between organisms and their environment is an ecologist.
10
Disaster management can be defined as the organization and management of resources and
responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular
preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.1
12
What is the place of Uttarakhand on the Tourism map among all states.
13
The cloudburst is a localized weather phenomena representing highly concentrated rainfall over
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A large mass of rocks and earth that suddenly and quickly moves down the side of a mountain or
15
To what percentage the tourists are increased from 2001 to 2012 in KEDARNATH
378%
18
Name the place in Uttarakhand where you can find more number of Hydel power Projects
19
20
hill
22
23
24
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Answer th following .
b. Construction of roads to cope with the lakhs of tourists Poor disaster management
2
Give the name of the forces which helped in the rescue operations of Uttarakhand disaster (or)
The Army, Air Force, Navy, Indo-Tibetan Border Police(ITBP), Border Security Force(BSF),
Give the details of Human help provided in the rescue operations of the Uttarakhand disaster.
National Disaster Response Force(NDRF), Public Works Department and local administration
worked together for quick rescue operations. Several thousand soldiers were deployed for the
rescue missions. Acivists of political and social organizations were also involved in the rescue
and management of relief centres.
3
244 Hydel Projects were constructed and an area of 15,072 ha of forests have been cleared.
List the human activities that cause disaster such as land slide.
2012 had warned the centre against going ahead with 24 hydropower projects
planned on the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi river systems in Uttarakand.Why?
: Because It stated that
i.
ii.
16. Uttarakhand is one of the most fragile regions suffering from poor soil stability.
What is the meaning of poor soil stability?
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i.
ii.
The soil is not hard enough to support the structures that are being built
on it.
The soil is so loose that it can get washed away with water unlike the
rocky mountains of the Aravali Mountain range.
hence one may never know how much rainfall fell at those sites and we will
8
Much of the infrastructure in the affected areasroads, bridges, dams and civic
facilities have been completely destroyed or damaged.
\9
Answer th following .
What are the reasons for the irreversible damage that took place during the Uttarakhand
Causes for the damage that took place during the disaster are due to
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A large number of Hydel projects are constructed in the state of Uttarakhand. Why?
The principle of Hydel project is that Potential energy of water falling from a height can be
utilized to produce electric energy. The Uttarakhand regions key resource is the water that
flows from high glaciers and mountains to the plains. This resource was utilized to build
hydropower projects that generate revenue mountains to the plains for the state.
Many factors contribute to the instability of slopes, but the main controlling factors are
the nature of the underlying bedrock and soil, the configuration of the slope, the
geometry of the slope, and ground-water conditions.
b.
c.
A tributary of Ganga
Answer th following .
OPEN TEXT BOOK ASSESSMENT FOR CLASS IX (SCIENCE) PREPARED BY ZIET BHUBANESWAR
When the flood struck in Uttarakhand about 28 million tourists were visiting the state,
while the local people are close to that number.
a. Does it really affect the ecological conditions of that region? If yes how?
b. Do you think will it be a wise decision to ban tourism to this state?
Justify your answer.
a. Yes, by cutting down the forest and dynamiting the mountains for building
roads and hotels for promoting tourism will disturb the bio diversity because of
the following reasons
II.
III.
IV.
V.
sanitation
b.
The decision to ban tourism completely from this state is not correct. It
will affect the lively hood of local people who earn their bread and
butter. States revenue also gets affected due to this , Instead the
following measures can be taken up
3. The tourists as well as local people should be properly trained to face any
natural disaster without disturbing the nature.
4. All hilly roads must have adequate drainage systems to fight with natural
calamities
What are the tourism related activities that affect the environment at a place?
a. Construction of new roads and bridges and broadening of the ones that already
exist.
Building huge power projects to meet the growing demands of energy of the
expanding state
The horrific disaster that struck Uttarakhand has been assessed as a mix of natural and
manmade reasons. Justify the statement
3. There are 244 Hydel projects constructed to satisfy the energy needs.
This resulted in evacuation of many people. Also People lost their
livelihood. There are reports to say that large part of power generated is
lost during transmission .
4. There are no readiness programmes to face the calamities.
5. Improper building constructions.
6.
7.
9. There is a1000 per cent increase in vehicular traffic in the last eight years which
resulted in the higher increase of landslides. More number of people allowed for
tourism during the monsoon season. There are no rain fall measuring devices set
up at Kedarnath and Badrinath to know how much rain fell and find out the
causes.
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3. While the initial cost is high, they are very inexpensive to operate.
6. Dams store water for irrigation in summer seasons and dry months. Many desert areas
can now farm due to dams and canals that supply water.
2. People have to be displaced causing change in life style and customs, even causing
3. Large amounts of plant life are submerged and decay anaerobically (in the absence of
4. The migratory pattern of river animals like salmon and trout are affected.
5. Dams restrict sediments that are responsible for the fertile lands downstream. Farmers
use chemical fertilizers and pesticides to compensate for the loss in productivity.
6. Salt water intrusion into the deltas means that the saline water cannot be used for
irrigation.
7. Large dams are breeding grounds for mosquitoes and cause the spread of disease.
8. Farmers downstream who used to wait for the flooding of the fields to plant their seeds
are affected.
9. Dams serve as a heat sink, and the water is hotter than the normal river water. This
warm water when released into the river downstream can affect animal life.
10. Peak power operations can change the water level thirty to forty feet in one day and
can kill the animals staying at the shorelines.
Around 400,000 km2 of land worldwide has been submerged due to the construction
of dams.
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b. The number of Hydel Projects constructed in Uttarakhand is 244 and 1500 ha of forest
was diverted.
c. The highest ranfall in June for the state of Uttarakhand being 350.5 mm.
d. The river sabri is the Tributary of Ganga.
2
vulnerable areas. The Himalaya is a young mountain and you dynamite it to build
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CONCEPT MAP-2
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