A2 Earth Resistance
A2 Earth Resistance
A2 Earth Resistance
If the test is made at power frequency, that is 50 c/s, the resistance of the
voltmeter should be high compared to that of the auxiliary potential electrode B and
in no case should be less than 20,000 Ohms. The source of current shall be isolated
from the supply by a double wound transformer. At the time of test, where possible,
the test electrode shall be separated from the earthing system.
The auxiliary
electrodes usually consist of 12.5mm dia mild steel rods driven up to 1m into the
ground.
All the test electrodes and the current electrodes shall be so placed that they
are independent of the resistance area of each other. If the test electrode is in the form
of rod, pipe or plate, the auxiliary current electrode C shall be placed at least 30m
away from it and the auxiliary potential electrode B shall be placed midway
between them.
The test shall be repeated by increasing the distance between the electrodes
A and C up to 50m and each time placing the electrode B mid way between
them until 3 consecutive readings of test electrode resistance with different spacing of
electrode agree.
7. Soil Resistivity
Soil resistivity is largely depends up on the type of soil as shown in the table
given below. Earth conductivity is affected by moisture content of the soil, chemical
composition and concentration of salts dissolved in the water, closeness of packing,
grain size, as they decide manner in which moisture is stored.
7.1 Factors which Determine Resistivity of Soil
a) Type of Soil
b) Moisture Content
c) Chemical Composition of Salt dissolved in the contained water.
d) Concentration of Salts
e) Temperature of Materials
f) Grain size and distribution of grain size
g) Closeness of packing
Type of Soil
Resistivity
In Ohm-Cm
500 5000
2. Clay
800 5000
4000 25000
6000 10,000
1000 50,000
6. Crystalline Rocks
20,000 1,00,000
Where there is any option, a site should be chosen in the order of preference shown
below.
a) Wet marshy ground
b) Clay loamy soil, arable land, clayey soil, clayey soil or room mixed with small
quantity of sand;
c) Clay and loom mixed unit varying proposition of sand, growl and stores;
d) Damp and wet sand pit.