Mining Guidelines Manual For EIA Preparation

EIA GUIDANCE MANUAL - MINING OF MINERALS
Ministry of Environment & Forests

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, NEW DELHI
Environmental Impact Assessment Guidance Manual

for
MINING OF MINERALS
Prepared by
Administrative Staff College of India

Bellavista, Khairatabad, Hyderabad
February 2010
Environmental
Impact Assessment Guidance Manual
for
Mining of Minerals
Siripurapu K. Rao
M.A. (Cantab), Ph.D. (Cantab)
DIRECTOR GENERAL
Leadership through Learning
Acknowledgements
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a planning tool generally accepted as an integral component
of sound decision-making. EIA is to give the environment its due place in the decision-making process by
clearly evaluating the environmental consequences of the proposed activity before action is taken. Early
identification and characterization of critical environmental impacts allow the public and the government
to form a view about the environmental acceptability of a proposed developmental project and what
conditions should apply to mitigate or reduce those risks and impacts.
Environmental Clearance (EC) for certain developmental projects has been made mandatory by the Ministry
of Environment & Forests through its Notification issued on 27.01.1994 under the provisions of Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986. Keeping in view a decade of experience in the Environmental Clearance process
and the demands from various stakeholders, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) issued
revised Notification on EC process in September 2006 and amended it in December 2009.It was considered
necessary by MoEF to make available EIA guidance manuals for each of the development sector.
Accordingly, at the instance of the MoEF, the Administrative Staff College of India, with the assistance of
experts, undertook the preparation of sector specific Terms of Reference (TOR) and specific guidance
manual for Mining of Minerals. I wish to thank Mr. J. M. Mauskar, IAS, Additional Secretary, Govt. of
India MoEF for his continuing support during the preparation of the manuals. I wish to place on record
also my sincere thanks to Dr. B. Sengupta, former Member Secretary, Central Pollution Control Board
and Chairman of the Core Committee for his help in the preparation of the manuals. His suggestions
helped us a great deal in improving the technical quality of the manuals. Mr M. Parabrahmam, Former
advisor MoEF and Chairman of the Peer Committee II for this project, has given constant guidance to the
ASCI project team. His vast experience has been immensely helpful in preparing these manuals. I would
like to thank the officials of the Ministry, Dr. Nalini Bhat and Dr. T. Chandini, for coordinating the
project from the Ministry side and for providing guidance whenever needed My thanks are also due to
Dr. S. K. Aggarwal of MoEF for the valuable inputs they had given during our interactions with the
officials at Delhi and Hyderabad.
I thank Dr. D. K. Behera, Senior scientist, Orissa Pollution Control Board, resource person, who, drawing
on his vast experience in the sector, prepared the EIA guidance manual on Mining of Minerals along
with Dr. Valli Manickam, Member of Faculty of ASCI. The efforts put in by both of them are commendable.
I would like to thank all the Peer and Core Committee members for having given a valuable feed back in
the preparation of the manual. I hope the manuals would prove to be useful to the community at large
and to the experts working in this area in particular.
26 February, 2010
S.K. Rao
ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA

Bella Vista, Raj Bhavan Road, Hyderabad-500 082 (India)
Tel: +91-40-2331-0852, Fax: 2332-1401 Email: [email protected]
EIA Guidance Manual Mining of Minerals
CONTENTS
Chapter No.
Title
Page no.
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Team
Core Committee
Peer Committee II
Abbreviations
List of Tables
Lists of Annexures
List of Figures
About the Manual
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
vi
Introduction
1.0 Preamble
1.1 General Information on Mining of Minerals
1.2 Environmental Clearance
1.3 Terms of Reference (TOR)
1.4 Post Environmental Clearance Monitoring
1.5 Transferability of Environmental Clearance
1.6 Generic Structure of Environmental Impact
Assessment Document
1.7 Details of Project Proponent
1.8 Brief Description of Project
viii
ix
x
xi
xii
xiii
xiv
xv
1
1
10
15
15
15
16
16
16
Project Description
2.0 General
2.1 Description of the Project
2.2 Location Details
2.3 Leasehold Area
2.4 Geology
2.5 Quality of Reserves
2.6 Types of Mining
2.7 Manpower requirements
2.8 Project implementation schedule
19
19
20
20
20
20
22
22
22
Analysis of Alternatives
3.0 General
23
Description of Environment
4.0 General
4.1 Land Environment
4.2 Water Environment
4.3 Air Environment
4.4 Noise Environment
4.5 Biological Environment
4.6 Socio-Economic Environment
4.7 Public Utilities
4.8 Site Specific Features
25
25
26
27
28
28
29
30
30
Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

5.0 General
5.3 Air Environment
5.7 Mine Waste Management
5.8 Mine Closure
31
32
33
36
39
41
41
42
44
Environmental Monitoring Program

6.0 General
6.1 Activities
47
47
Additional Studies
7.0 General
7.1 Items identified by the proponent
7.2 Items identified by the regulatory authority
7.3 Items identified by the public and other stakeholders
7.4 Risk Analysis and Disaster Management Plan
7.5 Natural Resource Conservation
7.6 Rehabilitation & Resettlement (R&R)
51
51
51
51
51
55
55
Project benefits
8.0 General
Environmental Management Plan
9.0 General
9.1 Subsidence
9.2 Acid Mine Drainage
9.3 Air Pollution Control
9.4 Water Management and Water Pollution Control
9.5 Noise Control
9.6 Control of Vibration and Fly Rock Generation during Blasting
9.7 Biological Management
9.8 Landuse Planning and Mine Closure
9.9 Occupational Safety & Health
9.10 Socio-Economic Conditions of the Region
Chapter 10 Summary and conclusions

10.0 General
Chapter 11
Disclosure of consultants
11.0 General
Bibliography
Tables
Annexures
Questionnaire
57
59
59
60
61
62
62
63
63
66
66
65
69
71
73
75
83
125
vii
Team
Project Coordination
Ministry of Environment
& Forests
Dr. Nalini Bhat

Advisor,
Ministry of Environment and Forests
Dr. T Chandini
Director,
Chairman, Core Committee &

Peer Committee I
Dr. B Sengupta
Former Member Secretary, CPCB
Chairman, Peer Committee II
Shri. M. Parabrahmam
Former Advisor, MoEF
Project Coordination Team

ASCI
Prof. VS Chary
Director
Centre for Energy, Environment
Urban Governance, and Infrastructure Development,
Shri. G Bala Subramanyam
Advisor,
Environment Area, ASCI, Hyderabad
Dr. Valli Manickam
Area Chairperson
Environment Area, ASCI
& Project Coordinator
Resource Persons
Dr. DK Behera
Senior Environment Scientist,
Orissa Pollution Control Board,
Orissa.
Dr. Valli Manickam
Environment Area
Hyderabad.
viii
Core Committee
Dr. B. Sengupta
Former Member Secretary
Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi
Chairman
Former Advisor, Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi
Chairman
Karnataka Pollution Control Board
Dr. M. S. Narayanan
Former Chairman, Coal India, New Delhi
Dr. S. R. Wate
Head, EIA Division NEERI, Nagpur
Prof. P. G. Sastry
Former Chairman EAC (River Valley Projects), MoEF
Member Secretary
Rajasthan Pollution Control Board
Mrs. Rohini Devi
Director, HTCC, Sg -'G' ASL
Representative of DRDO, Hyderabad
Dr. M. Irulappan
General Manager (Com),
Representative of Airport Authority of India, New Delhi
Shri. V. K. Sharma
Head, Environment Division,
Representative of NHAI, New Delhi
Shri A. K. Debnath
CG M, Central Mine Plan & Design Institute, Ranchi
Ms. Sarita Sawhny
Representative of Confederation of Indian Industry, New Delhi
ix
Peer Committee II
Former Adivsor-MoEF, GoI
Chairman
Prof. M. A. Ramulu
Ex-Head, Dept. of Mining Engg
IIT, Khargpur
Dr. S. P. Vivek Chandra Rao
General Manager Occupational Health
Hyderabad Industries Limited, Hyderabad
Dr. G. Suryanarayana
I/C Head (EE&M), Environmental Protection Training Research Institute
(EPTRI), Hyderabad.
Mr. P. Sharath Kumar
Office of CGM (Proj. Planning)
The Sigareni Collories Co. Ltd., Kothagudem
Dr. S. Ramakrishna Rao
AP State Expert Appraisal Committee
Dr. J. A. Kamalakar
Manager CNV (Environment) NMDC Ltd, Hyderabad
ABBREVIATIONS
ASCI
CPCB
CRZ
CSR
CGWB
EAC
EIA
EC
ETP
EMP
DMP
IA
MoEF
RO
R&R
SPCBs
STP
TOR

Central Pollution Control Board
Coastal Regulation Zone
Corporate Social Responsibility
Central Ground Water Board
Expert Appraisal Committee
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Clearance
Effluent Treatment Plant
Disaster Management Plan
Impact Assessment
Regional offices
Rehabilitation and Resettlement
State Pollution Control Boards
Sewage Treatment Plant
Terms of Reference
xi
List of Tables
Table No.
Title
1.1
1.2
Number of reporting mines in the country 2007 / 2008

Contribution and rank of India in World Production
of Principal Minerals & Metals, 2007
Inventory of Geological Resources of Coal in India
Coal Production (in Million Tonnes) in India during 2008-09
Classification of Mining Methods
Typical Emissions, Effluents, By products and Solid Wastes
Sulfide Ore Bacteria and Their Growth Conditions
Ancillary features of Mines
Characteristics of Ore
Ore Production and Overburden Generation (Anticipated)
Inventory of Explosives
Inventory of Fuel Oil
Year wise Excavation (Initial Five Years)
Water Requirement
Manpower Requirement during Mine Development
and Operation Phases
Description of Soil Sampling Locations
Physical Properties of Soil
Chemical Properties of Soil
Description of Ground Water Sampling Locations
Analysis of Ground Water
Description of Surface Water Sampling Locations
Analysis of Surface Water
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Description of Noise Monitoring Stations
Shrubs/Trees Growing in Core & Buffer Zones
Natural Vegetation in Core Zone
List of Plants in Study Area
Forest Type Patches in Study Area
Wildlife Species / Avifauna in Study Area
Demographic Profile
Population & Occupational Pattern
Distribution of Households by Holding size
Employment and Income
Air Quality (Actual Monitored Date and Predicted Data)
Noise Level Prediction
Calculated Vibration in Nearby Villages
Environmental Monitoring Programme
Phase wise Greenbelt Development Programme
Biological Reclamation
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
5.1
5.2
5.3
6.1
10.1
10.2
xii
Page No.
1
2
3
3
4
9
10
75
75
75
75
76
76
76
76
77
77
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
79
79
79
79
80
80
80
80
80
81
81
81
81
82
82
82
List of Annexures
Annexure No.
Title
Page No.
Annexure 1
Terms of Reference (TOR) for Environmental

Impact Assessment of Mining of Minerals Sector
83
Annexure 2
Land Use / Land Cover Classification System
98
Annexure 3
Sampling, Frequency & Method of Baseline Environment

Monitoring
99
Annexure 4
Ground Water Estimation Committee Report (GEC 1997)
101
Annexure 5
Criteria for Raw Water used for Organized Community

Water Supplies (Surface and Ground Water) Primary Parameters
102
Annexure 6
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
104
Annexure 7
Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise
106
Annexure 8
Parameters of Impacts
107
Annexure 9
Potential Impact of Mining on Land
108
Annexure 10
Potential Impact of Mining on Water Regime
109
Annexure - 11
General Standards for Discharge of Effluents
110
Annexure 12
Standards for Iron Ore Mines
112
Annexure 13
Sources of Air Pollution in Mines
113
Annexure 14
Factors That Influence Air Pollution Impact
Annexure 15
Dust Collection Efficiency based Low, Moderate and

High Dust Capturing Herbs, Shrubs and Trees
115
Annexure 16
Air Pollution Control Measures in Mines
117
Annexure 17
Permissible Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) at the foundation

level of structures in mining areas in mm/sec.
118
Annexure 18
Significance of Impact on Biological Environment
119
Annexure 19
Socio-Economic Impact of Mining
120
Annexure 20
List of critically polluted industrial

cluster/area identified by CPCB
121
Annexure 21
Guidance for assessment relevance and reliability of

analytical methods and framework used for impact
prediction: risk assessment
124
xiii
List of Figures
Figure No.
Title
Page No.
1.1
Sequence of main mining operations in surface

mining, underground metal mining and coal
mining methods.
Prior Environmental clearance process for category

A projects
13
Prior Environmental clearance process for

category B projects
14
Emission Sources in Mining
37
1.2
1.3
5.1
xiv
ABOUT THE MANUAL

Environmental Impact Notification S.O.1533 (E), dt.14th September 2006,as amended 2009, issued
under Environment (Protection) Act 1986, has made it mandatory to obtain environmental
clearance for scheduled development projects. The notification has classified projects under two
categories A & B. Category A projects (including expansion and modernization of existing
projects) require clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Govt. of India (GoI)
and for category B from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA), constituted
by Government of India.
The existing manual on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of MoEF, is common for all the
sectors requiring prior environmental clearance. Considering the diversity in all sectors related
to infrastructure and industrial development projects, MoEF launched a program for development
of sector specific technical EIA guidance manuals. The EIA guidance manual will help the project
proponent/consultant in the preparation of the EIA report. It also helps the regulatory authority
to review the report as well as the public to become aware of the related environmental issues.
This EIA guidance manual accordingly addresses the related environmental concerns for the
specific sector Mining of Minerals. This manual consists of terms of reference (TOR), manual
and questionnaire.
The sector specific manual consists of twelve chapters, which correspond to the generic structure
given as per EIA notification 2006, as amended Dec 2009.
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter contains the general information on the mining of minerals, major sources of
environmental impacts in respect of mining projects and details of environmental clearance
process.
Chapter 2: Project Description
In this chapter the proponent should also furnish detailed description of the proposed project,
such as the type of the project, need for the project, project location, layout, project activities
during construction and operational phases, capacity of the project, project operation i.e., land
availability, utilities (power and water supply) and infrastructure facilities such as roads, railways,
housing and other requirements. If the project site is near a sensitive area it is to be mentioned
clearly why an alternative site could not be considered. The project implementation schedule,
estimated cost of development as well as operation etc should be also included.
Chapter 3: Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site)
This chapter gives details of various alternatives both in respect of location of site and technologies
to be deployed, in case the initial scoping exercise considers such a need.
Chapter 4: Description of Environment
This chapter should cover baseline data in the project area and study area.
Chapter 5: Impact Analysis and mitigation measures
This chapter describes the anticipated impacts on the environment and mitigation measures. The
method of assessment of impacts including studies carried out, modelling techniques adopted to
xv
assess the impacts where pertinent should be elaborated in this chapter. It should give the details
of the impacts on the baseline parameters, both during the construction and operational phases
and suggests the mitigation measures to be implemented by the proponent.
Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Program
This chapter should cover the planned environmental monitoring program. It should also include
the technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures.
Chapter 7: Additional Studies
This chapter should cover the details of the additional studies required in addition to those
specified in the ToR and which are necessary to cater to more specific issues applicable to the
particular project.
Chapter 8: Project Benefits
This chapter should cover the benefits accruing to the locality, neighbourhood, region and nation
as a whole. It should bring out details of benefits by way of improvements in the physical
infrastructure, social infrastructure, employment potential and other tangible benefits.
Chapter 9: Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis
This chapter should cover on Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis of the project.
Chapter 10: Environmental Management Plan
This chapter should comprehensively present the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which
includes the administrative and technical setup, summary matrix of EMP, the cost involved to
implement the EMP, both during the construction and operational phase and provisions made
towards the same in the cost estimates of project construction and operation. This chapter should
also describe the proposed post-monitoring scheme as well as inter-organizational arrangements
for effective implementation of the mitigation measures.
Chapter 11: Summary and Conclusions
This chapter gives the summary of the full EIA report condensed to ten A-4 size pages at the
maximum. It should provide the overall justification for implementation of the project and should
explain how the adverse effects have been mitigated.
Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultants
This chapter should include the names of the consultants engaged with their brief resume and
nature of consultancy rendered.
The contents of the manual are to be considered as version 1.0 (2010). The ministry as per the
requirements will take up an updating /revision of the manual. In case of interpretation of
any question related to law, the provisions of the original laws and the Rules made thereunder
with various Government directions /resolutions will have to be read and followed. In case of
amendment to the original Act /Rules /Notifications made thereunder, the provisions as
amended from time to time shall be applicable. Any obligations of international conventions,
where GoI is a signatory and accepted for implementation are also to be followed.
xvi
1
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Preamble
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process, used to identify the environmental, social
and economic impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It is a decision-making tool, which
guides the decision makers in taking appropriate decisions for proposed projects. It aims
predicting environmental impacts at an early stage of project planning and design, find ways
and means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present
the predictions and options to decision makers. By using EIA, both environmental and economic
benefits can be achieved. EIA systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences
of the proposed project and ensures that these impacts are taken into account during the project
design. By considering environmental effects and mitigation early in the project planning cycle,
there are many benefits, such as protection of the environment, optimum utilization of resources
and saving overall time and cost of the project. Properly conducted EIA also lessens conflicts by
promoting community participation, informs decision-makers, and helps lay the base for
environmentally sound projects.
The Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India, made environmental clearance (EC) for
certain development projects mandatory through its notification of 27/01/1994 under the
Environment Protection Act, 1986. Keeping in view of the experience gained in environmental
clearance process over a period of one decade, the MoEF came out with Environment Impact
Notification, SO 1533(E), and dt.14/09/2006. It has been made mandatory to obtain environmental
clearance for different kinds of developmental projects (Schedule-1 of notification).
The notification has classified projects under two categories-A and B. Category-A Projects
(including expansion and modernization of existing projects) require clearance from Central
Government (Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India) while category-B projects should
be considered by State Level Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA), constituted
with the approval of MoEF.
1.1 General Information on Mining of Minerals

Indian mining industry is characterized by a large number of small operational mines. The number
of mines that reported mineral production (excluding minor minerals, petroleum (crude), natural
gas and atomic minerals) in India was 2954 in 2008-09 as against 2854 in the previous year (Table
1.1).
Table 1.1 Number of reporting mines in the country 2007 / 2008
Mining
Number
All minerals
2854
Fuel minerals
569
Metallic minerals
676
Non-metallic Minerals
1609
Source: Ministry of Mines GOI, www.mines.nic.in.
Out of 2954 reporting mines, 433 were located in Gujarat followed by Andhra Pradesh (406),
Madhya Pradesh (298), Jharkhand (298), Rajasthan (252), Orissa (236), Karnataka (230), Tamil
Nadu (159), Maharashtra (154), Chhattisgarh (150) and West Bengal (113). These 11 states together
accounted for 92.38 % of total number of mines in the country in 2008-09. During 2008-09, mineral
production was reported from 23 States and Union Territories of which the bulk of value of
mineral production of about 78.99% was confined to 8 States (Including offshore areas) only.
Offshore areas continued to be in leading position, in terms of value of mineral production in
the country and had the share of 19.36% in the national output. Next in order was Orissa with a
share of 14.70% followed by Chhattisgarh (11.61%), Jharkhand (8.94%), Madhya Pradesh (7.83%),
Andhra Pradesh (6.46%), Gujarat (5.09%), Karnataka (5.00%), Maharashtra (4.39%), Goa (3.35%),
Assam (3.14%) and West Bengal (3.11%) in the total value of mineral production. Remaining 11
States/Union Territories having individual share of less than 3% together accounted for 7.02% of
total value during the year under review (www.mines.nic.in).
Indias ranking in 2007-08 in world production was 2nd in barytes, chromite and talc/steatite/
pyrophillite, 3rd in coal & lignite and bauxite, 4th in iron ore and kyanite/sillimanite, 5th in
manganese ore and steel (crude), 7th in zinc and 8th in aluminium. The statistics on indigenous
and world production of principal minerals and metals are given in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2 Contribution and rank of India in World Production of Principal Minerals & Metals, 2007
Commodity
Mineral Fuels
Coal & Lignite
Petroleum (crude)
Metallic Minerals
Bauxite
Chromite
Iron ore
Manganese ore
Industrial Minerals
Barytes
Kyanite, andalusite &
sillimanite
Magnesite
Apatite & Rock phosphate
Talc/Steatite/Pyrophllite
Mica
Metals
Aluminium
Copper (refined)
Steel (crude/liquido)
Lead (refined)
Zinc (slab)
Unit of
Quantity
Million tones
Million tonnes
000 tones
000 tones
Million tonnes
000 tones
000 tones
000 tones
000 tones
000 tones
000 tones
tonnes
000 tones
000 tones
Million tones
000 tones
000 tones
Production
World
India
Contributio%
Indias rank in
Order of Quantum
of production
6357
3885
491
34
7.7
0.9
3rd
24th
213000
24000
2043
33800
23084
4798
206
2550
10.8
20.0
10.0
7.5
3rd
2nd
4th
5th
1072
47
13.2
11.7
2nd
4th
23500
159000
8600
310000
248
1866
1031
4583
1.0
1.2
12.0
1.5
11th
13th
2nd
11th
38200
20900
1344
8100
11300
1240
501
54@
58
457
3.2
2.4
4.0
0.7
4.0
8th
11th
5th
25th
7th
8100
400(e)**
Source: World mineral production data compiled from World Mineral Production, 2003-2007, British Geological Survey.
* Figures relate to 2007-08.
** Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2009, US Geological Survey.
@ JPC data (March 2009)
Introduction
Mineral-wise analysis revealed that building stone had the largest share of 24.5% to the value of
minor minerals followed by brick-earth 20.9%, road metals 17.1%, marble 12.1%, ordinary sand
6.4%, quartzite & sandstone 5.2%, limestone 3.6%, gravel 3.3%, murrum 1.8%, kankar 1.5%,
ordinary earth 1.4% and ordinary clay 1.1%. The remaining minerals together contributed 1.1%
of value of minor minerals. The proven geological resources of coal in India are given in Table
1.3. The coal production in India during 2008-2009 is presented in Table 1.4
Table 1.3 Inventory of Geological Resources of Coal in India
Type of Coal
As on
Reserve (Mill. Tonne)

Proved
Prime Coking
Indicated
Inferred
Total
01/04/2008
4,614
699
5,313
01/04/2009
4,614
699
5,313
01/04/2008
12,308
12,136
1,880
26,324
01/04/2009
12,448
12,064
1,880
26,393
Blendable /
01/04/2008
482
1,003
222
1,707
Semi Coking
01/04/2009
482
1,003
222
1,707
Non Coking
(including High
Sulphur)
01/04/2008
01/04/2009
84,425
88,275
110,378
109,704
38,388
35,819
231,191
233,798
Total
01/04/2008
101,829
124,216
38,490
264,535
01/04/2009
105,820
123,470
37,921
267,211
Medium Coking
Table 1.4 Coal Production (in Million Tonnes) in India during 2008-09
Sl. No. Company
Target
Production
Achievement
Achievement %
1.
Coal India Ltd. (CIL)
405.00
403.73
99.7
2.
Singareni Collieries Co Ltd. (SCCL)
41.50
44.54
107.3
3.
Others
50.79
44.68
88.0
Total
479.29
492.95
99.1
Source : Provision Coal Statistics (2008-09), Coal Controller Organisation, Ministry of Coal, Govt. of India
Primary step of mining of minerals is the removal of the deposits from the ground. Once the
minerals / ore is removed, additional preparation process is required to isolate the valuable
minerals from their waste gangue minerals. There are two basic method of mining of minerals
opencast and underground mining. The choice of method depends on the geologic, hydrological,
geo-technical, geographic, economic, technological, environmental, safety, socio -political and
financial considerations. Table 1.5 gives a classification of the prevalent mining methods.
The major purpose of mine development is to provide auxiliary and support facilities for
physically opening a surface or underground, or mine and bringing it to full production is to be
planned. The facilities will not contribute directly to the production operation. It is a period of
intensive and diversified activity on the project site with environmental impacts, which are usually
different in nature from operational impacts, which are crucial for successful environmental
management.
Table-1.5 Classification of Mining Methods

Method
Deposit
Surface Mining
Quarrying
Opencast Mining (incl. Strip mining)
Auger/High wall mining
Placer mining (mineral and mining)
Hydraulicking
Dredging
Solution Mining
Borhole mining
In-Site leaching
Underground Mining
Unsupported / minimum supported
- Room and pillar /
Bord and pillar mining
- Stope and pillar mining
- Shrinkage stopping
- Sub level stopping
- Hydraulic mining
Supported (with fill)
- Cut and fill stoping
- Longwall mining
- Room-and-pillar mining
- Sub-level mining
Caving
- Longwall mining
- Sub-level / caving
- Block caving
Nonmetallic
Coal, Metal, Non-metallic
Coal
Metal, Non-metallic
Metal, Non-metallic
Non-metallic
Metal
Coal, Non metallic

Metal, Non metallic
Metal, Non metallic
Metal, Non metallic
Coal
Metal
Coal
Coal, Metal
Coal
Coal, Metal
Coal, Metal
Metal
The surface facilities unique to underground mining are mine main entries (shafts, declines and
adits) head frame(s), heap; stead, storage bins, hoist houses, etc. the additional underground
facilities may consist of secondary and tertiary openings for providing access haulage and
ventilation and various other facilities such as transportation, crusher stations, power distribution
equipment and numerous other installations.
In surface mines if the deposit does not outcrop, advanced stripping is required before mineral
production can begin. Development is carried out according to a carefully designed plan which
is to be outlined in the feasibility report. Scheduling of the entire mine development work is to
be clearly indicated by bar charts.
Introduction
Selection of Mining Method

Factors in the choice of an actual mining method for a given deposit are deposit characteristics,
percentage recovery, requirement of health and safety and environmental concerns, production,
scheduling scope of mechanization and automation, workforce requirements wage rates, land
reclamation, operating and capital cost estimates. The selection of the mining method
(development and extraction) is a key decision to be made in the opening up of a mine.
Surface or open pit mining is used for large, near-surface deposits. Rock is drilled, blasted,
loaded into trucks, and hauled to a facility where it is crushed and ground to a uniform size for
further processing. Surface mining requires the removal and disposal of layers of top soil and
underlying rock commonly called the overburden. The ore is broken into pieces that can be
easily transported and moved to a crushing plant for further processing. Mining must be planned
so that the combine of mining processing and reclaiming the land is taken up concurrently.
Open cast Mining
General geology and hydrogeology of the study area, and geologic sections of the deposit
(transverse and longitudinal) in the project area are to be prepared. Natural and geologic factors,
terrain topography, depth, geological disturbances climate, mineral / ore grade, mineable
reserves within the property boundary, production rate, estimated life of mine are to studied
before selection of the mine area. Depth of the deposit at the final it limit thickness and dip be
given. Overburden thickness (maximum and minimum) is to be estimated.
Maximum allowable stripping ratio, overall stripping ratio, mining plan (development and
exploitation) are to be critically examined. Year wise development plan and year wise production
plan for the next five years are to be worked out. Methods for handling of overburden waste for
the next five years are to be outlined. Similar plans of five year duration subsequently should be
prepared and the approval of the concerned regulatory authority is to been taken.
Underground Mining
Underground mining methods are used where a deposit occurs beneath the Earths surface. To
reach to the deposit for its removal, miners must excavate either vertical shaft, a horizontal adit,
or an inclined short. Within the ore deposit, horizontal passages called drifts and crosscuts are
developed on several levels to access mining areas to form stopes. Blasted rock is hauled away
from the stopes by loaders, or trucks that may bring it directly to the surface or transport it to a
shaft where it is hoisted to the surface and sent to a crushing facility.
In both underground and surface operations, extraction on mining ore and waste requires the
use of heavy machinery and explosives. A variety of mineral earth moving equipment such as
backhoes, front end loaders, tractors etc are used to remove surface soil and soft waste rock.
Explosives such as mixtures of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil are used to blast away harder
rocks. Small transportation equipments are used to transport the mineral / ore to the surface
from underground mines, large loaders and trucks are used to carry the mineral away from the
mine site for further processing.
Underground Coal Mining
Mine geology, geological section, and hydrology, number and thickness of coal seams occurring
in the project area are to be critically examined. Minerable reserves, production rate and mine
life needs to be mentioned. Further a general description of mode of mine main entry (shaft,
declines adits) general mine development with multiple headings (main, secondary and tertiary)
in coal to layout the seam in room and pillar or longwall panels and to provide for haulage and
ventilations are to be given.
There are several variants of room-and-pillar or long-wall mining methods. Factors in selection
of a suitable room-and-pillar or long-wall mining methods are number and thickness of seams,
dip their contiguity, strength of roof and floor, depth, gassiness of seam, liability to spontaneous
heating, presence of dirt bands, method of roof control, percentage recovery, effect on mine
surface due to subsidence, water influx, efficiency, productivity, safety and environment,
availability of matching equipment, Capital and operating costs are to be estimated.
In the conventional room-and-pillar mining, the production cycle consists of fundamental unit
operations rate, cut, drill, blast, haul which are closely associated with equipment. With continuous
mining, production cycle consists of the operations mining (break and load) and haul. The method
of roof control is by caving or non-caving methods.
Underground metal mining
In this method of mining, the amount of underground development required to achieve desired
production rate depends on the shape and size of the ore body (length, width and thickness, dip,
grade and reserves of the deposit, strength and structure of the stoping method selected. The
mine development effort in steeply inclined deposits generally consists of several horizontal
levels at specified vertical intervals, sub levels between main levels, drifts, crosscuts, connecting
ramps ore passes etc for ore handling.
Factors that must be considered for the selection of a suitable stoping method are shape and size
of the deposit in the mineralized zone (s), deposit characteristics, productivity dilution with
waste rock and ore losses, variation of metal content in the ore body, regularity, irregularity of
discontinuity ore body, blasting techniques, use of selective mining, applicability of mechanization
effective ventilation and safety.
There are many approaches to the management of mining-related environmental problems. There
are also many agencies involved in enforcement of various legislations, dealing with
environmental protection. Environmentally sound mining technologies and practices should be
adopted in all phases of mining and the related activities. Best management practices should be
adopted to minimize environmental degradation. Environmental considerations are an integral
component of mining operations, from the planning stage to mine closure. The general
recommended approach is integration of environmental concerns into every mining activity.
Subsidence due to underground mining
Excavation operations of underground mines either for minerals or coal may result in disturbing
the surface land and the natural features and valuable surface assets. Subsidence in mine is a
movement of ground surface due to failure of the underground workings or result of collapse.
Certain times the subsidence can occur concurrently with the mining operations. Such occurrences
can be seen in activities adopting longwall mining or high extraction pillar recovery methods.
Sinkhole subsidence during mining operations can occur in the areas above where the working
6
Introduction
is relatively close the ground surface. This is a fairly localised phenomena and its magnitude is
usually observed by abrupt depression at the ground surface. This is one of the most common
type of subsidence.
Surface subsidence can cause extensive damage/degradation affects. In the unmined areas of
abandoned mines coal pillar of various shapes and sizes are left out. In such a case no one can
predict when subsidence in that area will can occur. Natural surface drainage pattern,
groundwater regime and utilizable land are affected. This can also cause minor / major /
extensive damage to highways, buildings, water supply lines oil/gas pipelines, cable lines
depending on the affected surface area its land use type and magnitude of ground movement
and location of the surface facilities with reference to the center of subsidence trough when the
remaining pillars support downward sag of the over burden or by punching of the pillars into a
soft mine floor or roof. Such a trough subsidence is generally at the center and horizontal ground
movements will usually occur at that time. Structures at the center will bear the brunt of the
subsidence effect whole at the edges they experience the effect caused by the tension or stretching
of the surface. Ground movement will result in a variety of damage to the buildings, roads,
railways, bridges water and oil lines, flow of streams and other utilities. Usually surface cracks
occur at the edges of the trough. Different mining operations in the production of minerals
produce / release a variety of pollutants into environment. Table 1.6 lists typical emissions,
effluents and solid wastes from selected mining activities. A flow diagram showing the sequence
of operation of mining for coal through surface/underground mining is shown in Fig 1.1.
Fig.1.1 Sequence of main mining operations in surface mining,

underground metal mining and coal mining methods.
8
Introduction
Table-1.6 Typical Emissions, Effluents, Byproducts, and Solid Wastes

Coal
Borate
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxides
Coal dust
Radon gas
Acid Waste alkaline
Sulfuric acid
Trace metals
Waste Rock
Inert silica
Lubricating
Oils
Nitrates /
Ammonium salts
Washery
Rejects
Airborne particulates
Calcination
Particulates
Residual particulates
Calciner offgases
Particulate emissions
from dryers
Crushing ore
particulates
Ore insolubles
Filter aid and carbon
absorbent
Scrubber water
Spent carbon and
Filter wastes
Suspended particulate
mater
Spentbrine
Lead & Zinc
Gold & Silver
Sulfur dioxide
Particulates
Lead oxides
Iron pyrites
Iron-limestone
sicicate slag
Arsenic
Acid plant blowdown
WWTP effluents
Slag granulation water
Spent furnace brick
Slurried APC dust
Baghouse incineraor ash
Ferrosilicon
Tower blowdown
Geothite
Spent cloths, bags, filters
Synthetic gypsum
Surface impoundment
solids
Trace / heavy metals
Zinc-rich slag
Iron
Sulfur dioxide
Mine water
Spent leaching solution
Sulfuric acid
Waste rock
Spent ore
Filter cake
Gangue
Slag
WWTP sludge
Spent furnace dust
cyanide wastes
Carbon dioxide
Sulfur compounds
Chlorides
Fluorides
Waste rock
Tailings/silicate rock
Copper
APC dust/sludge
Waste contact cooling
water
WWTP liquid effluent
Process wastewaters
Surface impoundment
Waste liquids
Slime/muds
Crud/gunk
Tankhouse/anode slimes
Acid plant blowdown
Waste rock
Tailings
Raffinate or barren
leachate
Spent bleed electrolyte
Discarded furnace and
converer brick
Chamber solids and
scrubber sludge
WWTP sludge
Phosphate
Crushed Rock
Rock dust
Phosphorus
pentoxide
Carbon monoxide
Precipitator slurry
Phossy water
Furnace scrubber
blowdown
Furnace building
washdown
WWTP liquid
Anderson filter media
Slag
Furnace offgas solids
Wet process waste
Streams
Fluorides
Taulings /
Phosphogypsum
Solid waste
Carbon dioxide (Lime)

Rock dust
Zinc-keab slag
Acid Mine Drainage

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) also called as acid rock drainage (ARD) / acid rock water (ARW)
refers to outflow of acidic water, from a mine of any type in permeable formation interacts with
water table, aquifer, perched water body or where surface water find its way into a mine in
terrains where sulfides are present in the ore or rock. An array of complex physical and chemical
processes, involving a number of factors result in the formation of such highly acidic drainage.
Such drainage is primarily associated with mining because many coal, precious metals, base
mineral deposits occur in sulphide bearing rocks. It is also to be noted that all sulphide-bearing
rocks exposed due to mining do not produce acid drainage. The group of micro-organisms
which activate the biological process resulting in acceleration of acid formation and their growth
conditions are given in Table 1.7
Table-1.7 Sulfide Ore Bacteria and Their Growth Conditions
Microorganism
Thiobacillus thioparus
T. ferrooxidans
T. thiooxidans
T. neapolitanus
T. denitrificans
T. novellas
T. intermedius
T. perometabolis
Sulfolobus acidocalderius
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
pH
4.5 - 10
0.5 - 6.0
0.5 - 6.0
3.0 - 8.5
4.0 - 9.5
5.0 - 9.2
1.9 - 7.0
2.8 - 6.8
2.0 - 5.0
5.0 - 9.0
Temp., o C
10-37
15-25
10-37
8-37
10-37
25-35
25-35
25-35
55-85
10-45
Aerobic
+
+
+
+
+/_
+
+
+
+
-
Nutrition
autotrophic
heterotrophic
1.2 Environmental Clearance

As per the EIA notification of 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated 1st December 2009,
mining projects are divided into two categories as mentioned below:
Project
Activity
Mining of
Minerals
A Category
B Category
= 50 ha of mining
<50 ha = 5 ha of
lease area in respect
mining lease area
of non-coal mine lease in respect of non-coal
mine lease
Any project or activity specified in

category B will be treated as category
A, if located in whole or in part
within 10 km from the boundary of:
>150 ha of mining
lease area in respect
of coal mine lease
(i) Protected areas notified under the

Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972;
(ii) Critically polluted areas as
identified by the Central Pollution
Control Board from time to time; (iii)
Eco-sensitive areas as notified under
section 3 of the Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986, such as,
= 150 ha = 5 ha of
mining lease area
in respect of coal
mine lease
Asbestos mining
irrespective of mining
area
10
General Condition
Introduction
Project
Activity
A Category
B Category
General Condition
Mahabaleswar Panchangi, Matheran,
Pachmarhi, Dahanu, Doon Valley and
(iv) inter-state boundaries and
international boundaries
Provided that the requirement
regarding distance of 10km of the
inter-state boundaries can be reduced
or completely done away with by an
agreement between the respective
states or U.Ts sharing the common
boundary in the case the activity does
not fall within 10 kilometers of the
areas mentioned at item (i), (ii) and (iii)
above The environmental clearance
process for all projects will comprise a
maximum of four stages. These four
stages in sequential order are:
Stage (1) - Screening

In case of category B projects or activities, this stage will entail the scrutiny of an application
seeking prior environmental clearance made in Form 1* by the concerned SEAC for
determining whether or not the project or activity requires further environmental studies
for preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for its appraisal prior to the
grant of environmental clearance depending upon the nature and location specificity of the
project. The projects requiring an Environmental Impact Assessment report shall be termed
Category B1 and remaining projects shall be termed category B2 and will not require an
Environmental Impact Assessment report.
Stage (2)- Scoping
Scoping refers to the process by which the EAC in the case of Category A projects or
activities, and SEAC in the case of Category B1 projects or activities, including applications
for expansion and/or modernization and/or change in product mix of existing projects or
activities, determine detailed and comprehensive TOR addressing all relevant environmental
concerns for the preparation of an EIA report in respect of the project or activity for which
prior environmental clearance is sought. The EAC or SEAC concerned shall determine the
TOR on the basis of information furnished in the prescribed application Form 1 including
TOR proposed by the applicant, a site visit by a sub-group of EAC or SEAC concerned only
if considered necessary by the EAC or SEAC concerned and other information that may be
available with the EAC or SEAC concerned.
11
Stage (3)- Public consultation

Public consultation refers to the process by which the concerns of local affected persons
and others who have plausible stake in the environmental impact of the project or activity
are ascertained with a view to taking into account all the material concerns in the project or
activity design as appropriate. All Category A and Category B1 projects or activities shall
undertake Public consultation, except the following:
After completion of the public consultation, the applicant shall address all the material
environmental concerns expressed during this process, and make appropriate changes in
the draft EIA and EMP. The final EIA report, so prepared, shall be submitted by the applicant
to the concerned regulatory authority for appraisal. The applicant may alternatively submit
a supplementary report to draft EIA and EMP addressing all the concerns expressed during
the public consultation
Stage (4)- Appraisal
Detailed scrutiny by the EAC or SEAC of the application and other document like the Final
EIA report, outcome of the public consultations including public hearing proceedings,
submitted by the applicant to the regulatory authority concerned for grant of EC
Flow-charts depicting these stages to obtain the prior environmental clearance for mining projects
are presented in Figure 1.1 & Figure 1.2
12
Introduction
Fig.1.2 Prior Environmental clearance process for category A projects

13
Fig.1.3 Prior Environmental clearance process for category B projects

14
Introduction
The projects involving clearance under Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991 shall
submit with the application a CRZ map duly demarcated by one of the authorized
agencies, showing the project activities, w.r.t. C.R.Z (at the stage of TOR) and the
recommendations of the State Coastal Zone Management Authority (at the stage of EC).
Simultaneous action shall also be take to obtain the requisite clearance under the
provisions of the CRZ notification, 1991 for the activities to be located in the CRZ#
The projects to be located within 10km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere
Reserves, Migratory corridors of wild animals, the project proponent shall submit the
map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis--vis the
project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden
thereon (at the stage of EC) #
For the projects located in critically polluted areas as notified by CPCB, the project
proponent shall make available a copy of their application for the TOR to the concerned
SPCB. The SPCB should either send its representative at the time of consideration of the
proposal by the EAC, at the stage of appraisal of the project for prescribing TOR or
consideration of EC or provide their written comments with respect to pollution load in
terms of ambient air quality, water quality or solid/hazardous waste management ##
S.O No. 3067 (E) dated 1st December 2009 of MoEF

##
Circular dated 25th August 2009 of MoEF
1.3 Terms of Reference (TOR)

Duly catering to the commonly expected environmental concerns, Terms of Reference (ToR) for
the sector is prepared and given in Annexure-1. In addition, the proponent is required to identify
specific issues if any, pertinent to the project and include those issues also in the ToR for preparation
of EIA and EMP report upon approval of the ToR by the Expert Appraisal Committee.
1.4 Post-Environmental Clearance Monitoring

For category A projects, it shall be mandatory for the project proponent to make public the
environmental clearance granted for their project along with the environmental conditions and
safeguards at their cost by prominently advertising it at least in two local newspapers of the
district or state where the project is located and in addition, this shall also be displayed in the
project proponents website permanently.
For category B projects, irrespective of its clearance by MoEF/SEIAA, the project proponent
shall prominently advertise in the newspapers indicating that the project has been accorded
environmental clearance and the details of MoEF website where it is displayed.
The project management shall submit half-yearly compliance reports in respect of the stipulated
prior environmental clearance terms and conditions on 1st June and 1st December of each calendar
year. All such reports shall be public documents. The latest such compliance report shall be
displayed on the web site of the concerned regulatory authority.
1.5 Transferability of Environmental Clearance

A prior environmental clearance granted for a specific project or activity to an applicant may be
transferred during its validity to another legal person entitled to undertake the project or activity
15
on application by the transferor or the transferee with a written no objection by the transferor,
to, and by the regulatory authority concerned, on the same terms and conditions under which
the prior environmental clearance was initially granted, and for the same validity period.
1.6 Generic Structure of Environmental Impact Assessment Document

In terms of the EIA notification of the MoEF dated 14th September 2006 as amended Dec 2009, the
generic structure of the EIA document should be as under:
Introduction
Project Description
Analysis of Alternatives( Technology and site)
Description of the Environment
Anticipated Environmental Impact & Mitigation Measures
Additional Studies
Project Benefits
Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis
Summary & Conclusion
Disclosure of Consultants engaged
1.7 Identification of Project Proponent

Profile of the project proponent, contact address with e-mail, fax, phone number etc should be
furnished. All correspondence with MoEF shall be made by the authorized signatory only. The
authorized signatory should also submit a document in support of his claim of being an
authorized signatory for the specific project
1.8 Brief Description of Project

In this section details of the project nature, size, location and its importance to the country and
the region are to be included. Project site description; survey/khasra nos, village, tehsil, district,
state & extent of the land, latitude & longitude of the boundaries are to be furnished.
Description of existing national and international environmental laws/regulations on the
proposed activity is to be brought out clearly. If there are any notified restrictions/limitations
from environmental angle, issued by the district administration, State or Central government,
the same should be furnished. Details of litigation(s) pending against the project/ proposed site
and or any direction passed by the court of law against the project, if any, should be stated.
In case of expansion/ modernization of the project, the environmental compliance status for the
existing project should be furnished for the following:
Status of Environmental Clearance and compliance for the terms & conditions for the existing
project
16
Introduction
Validity of the Air & Water Consent orders, and Hazardous Waste Authorization (HWA)
from SPCB/ PCC for existing project and their compliance status
Notices/directions issued by the regulatory agencies under section 33(A) of the Water Act,
1974 as amended, under section 31(A) of the Air Act 1981 as amended and any directions
issued under the provisions of the E (P) Act, 1986 during the last one year.
Legislation Applicable to Mining of Mineral Sector

The mining sector has separate set of legislations covering management, conservation, grant
and operation of mining leases etc. There are also separate legislations for coal mines, nonferrous mines etc. In addition, there are environmental / forest regulations, applicable to all
types of mining activities have been prescribed by ministry of environment and forests and
CPCB.
A few important legislations are given below:

The Mines Act, 1952

The Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957
Mines Rules, 1955
Mineral Concession Rules, 1960
Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988
State Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1960
Granite Conservation and Development Rule, 1999
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1988

The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
17
2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.0 General
The background of the project gives broad description of the project, project proponent their
detailed address, type of ore deposit(s), locations etc. The downstream use of mineral for value
addition and its importance should also be described. The purpose for which mining is proposed
should be clearly stated (captive use, export, selling etc.). The mineral(s) occurring in the area,
which the proponent intends to mine and the period for which the mine lease is granted, present
or proposed to be applied. Description of linkages, market status (demand, supply) export
potential of finished product, domestic demand of the finished products is to be given. A
description on national and state scenarios and prospect of the mineral should be given.
The background should cover the following:
Location of the project (longitude, latitude, MSL, revenue village, Tehsil, District, State,
nearest railway station, and airport)
Objective of the project (captive mine, standalone etc) whether it is new or expansion (increase
in ML area or Increase in annual production) or modernization. Proposed use of minerals
(sale, use as intermediates or raw materials). Any change in technology proposed
should be specified.
Significance and relevance of the project highlighting the benefit to surrounding area and
economic development of the area local/state/ country.
Deposit conditions such as ore strength, host rock strength, shape, grade, size, uniformity
and depth associated hazards, recoverable resources and recoverable reserves
2.1 Description of the Project

The project description should clearly mention whether the mine is a new one or expansion /
modernization of existing mine for which environmental clearance is sought. The details of mining
lease with area and approval of Mine Plan is given. The history of mining done by the same
project proponent in the same location for expansion is to be covered. Details of lease of the mine
with historical information, if any, should be provided.
Location Details
The exact location of the proposed mine with longitude, latitude, revenue village / forest
area, tehsil, district and state be given. The mine lease boundary with the individual activity
boundary demarcation is to be superimposed on the toposheet & map (2 Km radius 1:5000 scale).
The distance from nearest major urban agglomeration in the area connecting the mine should be
given. Approach of mine through road and rail linkage should also find a place to define the
location. A locational digitized map based on the remote sensing showing the major road, railway,
settlements, water bodies with mining lease area in the scale of 1: 25,000 should be presented.
Map should be prepared for buffer area of 10 km, 5 km, 1 km from the outer boundary of the core
zone. If the mining is in coastal area, CRZ is to be discussed.
2.2 Leasehold Area

In addition to mine lease area, certain ancillary features to be developed in the vicinity are
to be presented in tabular form (Table2.1). Existing surface features, such as quarry, contour,
natural nallah, lease boundary, road, exhausted quarry (if any) or any other significant site-specific
features may be shown in map. The mining leasehold area with forest type and name (if in forest
area) should be presented.
2.3 Geology
Regional Geology
Regional geology with type of ore formation in the basin should be described. The classification
of lithiology with the extent and type of geological formations in the region should be discussed.
If there are any major faults / seismic zones should be specifically marked.
Local Geology
The local stratigraphic sequence of the mining lease area should be interpreted from geological
mapping, exploration and / or any opened up quarry / mine. The lithiological sequence of the
leasehold area may be interpreted either from existing quarry or trial pits and should be given
for different geological strata. Mineral deposits should be shown in the map. Geological plan
and cross sections layers should be shown in a separate drawing. (1: 50m scale). This is a part of
Mine Plan and brief summary may be given.
2.4 Quality of Reserves

The distribution of different types of deposits in mine lease area should be discussed. The
deposit should be broadly classified on the basis of mineralogical composition and strength.
Average chemical characteristics in percentage should be presented in tabular form (Table 2.2).
This has to be as per approved mine plan. The grade tonnage distribution will provide an
estimate of what can be reasonably recovered and processed.
2.5 Types of Mining

It is to be mentioned whether the proposed mine will be open cast, underground or combination
of both. The method of mining may be manual, mechanized and semi- mechanized. Annual ore
production and overburden generation for five yearly programme should be presented in tabular
form (Table-2.3). Disposal of overburden, as given in Mining Plan, to be included in summarized
form.
Open Cast Mining
The stripping ratio (overburden in cum to tonnes of mineral) is to be calculated. The average
thickness of topsoil and overburden (minimum, maximum and average) should be presented.
The working depth below ground level and above Mean Sea Level (MSL) with the height and
width of the bench in overburden and the deposit should be clearly mentioned. Proposed
inclination / slopes of the side for each mine should be given for a period of five years and also
for the whole mine life period of mine development.
The description of mine should include the following.
Deposit conditions (min., max. average thickness in meters). If there are multiple deposits
to be worked similar details should be given for each of them.
20
Project Description
Maximum allowable stripping ratio (ratio of overburden in cum to mineral in tonnes),

thickness of top soil and overburden rock (minimum, maximum and average),
Working depth (below ground level & mean sea level)
Mining Plan (height and width of the benches in overburden, ore body, proposed inclination/
side slopes),
Surface plan showing mine working with dumps and other features for 5th year, 10th year,
15th year, 20th year, 25th year, 30th year as per the approved mine plan.
Type of blasting safeguards, explosives and their quantities
Detail of machineries ( excavators, material handling and processing equipment, inpit crusher and conveyor system if used)
Plan for backfilling of mine pit as it is excavated.
Underground Mining
The mode of mine main entry such as shaft, adit, incline or any other method should be mentioned.
The method of stoping or extraction of ore with machineries to be used should be described. The
effect of subsidence due to ground control on the surface features such as natural drainage pattern,
usable land, houses, water bodies, and infrastructure facilities should be explained.
Deposit conditions
Ore body (min., max. average thickness in meters)
Mode of mine main entry (shaft, adit, incline)
Details of major machineries planned to be used in underground and on surface giving

their size and quantity, availability and utilization
Method of mine development and extraction/sloping
Blasting practise and explosives
Subsidence (maximum predicted subsidence, max. slope change, impact on surface

features like natural drainage pattern, water bodies, surface structures water table, nature
of magnitude of ground movement etc.)
Mine drainage management details
Ventilation system for adequate control of quality and quantity of air underground
Drilling & Blasting

Breakage of rock by drilling and blasting prior to excavation and loading is an important activity
in a mine. This is decided on the basis of geological conditions. The quantity of materials likely to
be blasted is also assumed. The types of explosive and blasting methods should be explained.
The explosive storage magazine with inventory should be presented in format (Table-2.4).
The mines also store High Speed Diesel (HSD) to be used as fuel in vehicles other equipments
and blasting (emulation explosives). The inventory should be presented in format (Table-2.5).
Excavation
Dumps and other surface features at the end of 5th year, 10th year, 15th year, 20th year, 25th year
and 30th year should be shown in digitized map in the scale of 1: 50 m scale for mine lease area.
The excavation of mineral ore and overburden on yearly basis should be compiled in tabular
form (Table-2.6).
21
2.6 General Features

Surface Drainage Pattern
The natural surface drainage pattern of proposed mine site may require to be changed and
modified. The mode of change should be discussed.
Vehicular Traffic Density
Vehicular traffic density outside in mine lease area, existing and after beginning of the mining
activities should be given. The mode of transport of mineral and waste including loading,
unloading in mining area should also be discussed. Vehicular load must be calculated. Further,
the mineral transportation outside the mining lease area (road, rail, conveyor, rope way, water
way, pipeline etc.) may be specified.
Beneficiation / Processing
The details of mineral beneficiation, if done in mine lease area should be described and may
include the following:

beneficiation flowchart with equipment

Capacity
Tailings management
Separate EIA guidance manual for mineral beneficiation may be referred and the environmental
issues may be taken up combinely, if the beneficiation is carried out in the pithead.
Coastal Zone: If the project is located in coastal area, details of coastal zone classification, Low
Tide Line (LTL), High Tide Line (HTL), characterization of beaches should be described.
Township
The area earmarked for developing / expansion of the township is very important. The number
of houses, sources of water with quantities may be mentioned. The distance from mine and
nearest water bodies should be indicated. A layout map of township with the proposed landuse,
showing built up ores, water supply and sewage disposal points should be presented.
Power, Water Supply and other Infrastructure requirement
The details of total power requirement during development and operational changes with source
should be provided. The source of water supply, type of treatment and break-up for different use
should be given. Other infrastructure such as grid, DG set, workshop etc. should also be mentioned.
Water demand for the project should be presented as in (Table-2.7). Water balance covering water
abstraction, consumption and discharge should also be shown in figure with flowchart.
2.7 Manpower Requirements

Manpower requirement (supervisors and labour) during mine development (construction) and
operation phases should be given in (Table-2.8).
2.8 Project Implementation Schedule / Stages

The two phases of mining (mine development and exploitation) with time schedule to be
implemented should be supported by bar chart, PERT chart etc.
22
3
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (Technology & Site)
3.0 General
Consideration of alternatives to a project proposal is a requirement of EIA process. During the
scoping process, alternatives to a proposal can be considered or refined, either directly or by
reference to the key issues identified. A comparison of alternatives help to determine the best
method of achieving the project objectives with minimum environmental impacts or indicates
the most environmentally friendly and cost effective options.
The consideration of alternatives is most useful when the EIA is undertaken early in the projects
cycle. The type and range of alternatives open for consideration include:
Demand alternatives (e.g. using energy more efficiently rather than building more alternative
generating capacity)
Input or supply alternatives (e.g. use of mine drainage water)
Activity alternatives (e.g. providing public transport rather than increasing road capacity)
Location alternatives (e.g. location of field crusher /beneficiation plant/ tailings dam)
Process alternatives (e.g. use of waste minimizing and energy efficient and efficient process
technologies, use of less toxic chemicals)
Mineral deposits are site specific, and therefore, selection of a mine site has limited alternatives.
However, the activities relating to mine development and exploitation have many alternatives in
terms of choice of mining method, drilling and blasting methodologies, location of waste dumps
etc. Alternatives available in mining activities should be analysed on the basis of:
Impact of each alternative
Mitigation measures for each alternative
After analysis of the various factors the most environmentally compatible alternative must be
selected. Reference may be made to available technologies, policy objectives, social attitudes,
environmental and site constraints, projects economic etc. Analysis of alternatives should be
similar to the content of approved mine plan.
4
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
4.0 General
The occurrence of mineral deposits, being site specific, their exploitation, often, does not allow
for any choice except adoption of eco-friendly operation. The methods are required to be selected
in such a manner, so as to maintain environmental equilibrium ensuring sustainable development.
Mining activities invariably affect the existing environmental status of the site. It has both adverse
and beneficial effects. In order to maintain the environmental commensuration with the mining
operation, it is essential to undertake studies on the existing environmental scenario and assess
the impact on different environmental components. This would help in formulating suitable
management plans sustainable resource extraction.
Study Area:
The study area for the mining projects should be defined as follows:
Mine lease area should be the core zone
10 km. radius from the boundary limits of the mine lease area of more than 50 hectares
should be the buffer zone.
5km radius from the boundary limits of mine lease area of 5-50 hectares would be buffer
zone.
Maps (appropriate scale) of the study area (core and buffer zones), clearly delineating the
locations of various monitoring stations (air/water/noise/soil), superimposed on locations
of habitats are to be shown.
Indicate 2 km, 5 km distance from the boundary limits of mine lease by appropriate line.
Monitoring and testing should be done as per guidelines of CPCB / MoEF.
Baseline information is required to be collected by field surveys, monitoring etc. Secondary data
with source should be clearly mentioned. Normally, one season monitoring data (excluding
monsoon) are to be collected. However, Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) may specify collection
of baseline data for a longer period considering the nature, size and location of the project.
Environmental data to be collected in relation to proposed mining would be: (a) land (b) water
(c) air (d) biological (e) noise (f) socio-economic (g) health etc.

Since mining is essentially an excavation of mineral ore the land environment is greatly affected
by it, especially in the case of opencast mines. In contrast, underground mines cause limited
effect on the surface land.
Land Use / Land cover
The existing landuse / land cover pattern in the study area is to be studied through satellite
imagery data (Annexure 2). The source, date and resolution should be given. Existing landuse in
the study area is to be clearly indicated.
Topography of the study area shown in the topographical map should be analyzed to describe
the terrain viz. hill slopes, coastal and inland topography. The physiographical features of the
study area should be explained by using latest satellite imagery. The source and date of the
imagery should be shown in the map. The toposheet should also be used for interpretation of
physiographical features. If the mine is located on hill range, the same may be mentioned. The
slope and local features should be described.
The drainage pattern in the study area can be explained on the basis of topographic features
shown in maps and satellite imagery. Major nallahs, rivulets, rivers in the study area with their
features should to be discussed. The water reservoirs, water flow pattern of water bodies should
also be covered. Perennial streams, if any should be identified and specially mentioned. Drainage
pattern with elevation range should be shown in satellite imagery map. In all the maps the mining
lease area should be distinctly marked. The maps should be prepared in 1:5,000 scale, and clearly
show the sub-water sheds of the proposed mining area of 2 km. radius.
Geology of the area is very important to ascertain seismic sensitivity. The various strata of
geological formation should be described. From this, the soil permeability, possible faults and
fissures should be found out and explained. Soil quality of the study area is one of the important
components of the environment. Soil samples from villages located in the study area should be
collected as per methodology specified in BIS to make them representative and analyzed for
physico- chemical analysis. Samples are collected by hand auger boring and soil pits. Some
samples from agricultural fields (if any) should also be collected. The locations of sampling points
may be presented as in (Table-4.1) and also to be shown in the map of study area. The physical
properties of soil should be presented in (Table-4.2). The chemical properties of soil should be
presented in (Table-4.3). The agricultural crops being grown in the study area should be discussed.
Data may be collected for district statistical handbook for the study area or local agricultural
department and also ground truthing by field survey.

Mining and its associated activities use huge quantity of water for various purposes and also
affect the hydrological regime of the area. The water quality of the region is also likely to be
effected through run-off. Extraction of different minerals also leads to water pollution due to
heavy metals, acidic water, increased suspended solid etc. Therefore, baseline information on
water regime is very important. Water availability and water quality are two major aspects
considered for baseline status of water environment.
Water Consumption and Sources
The water consumption in mine is mostly used for afforestation, beneficiation, machine cooling,
dust suppression, fire fighting, water sprinkling on road, vehicle washing, domestic use etc. The
water consumption at a mine depends on size, method of mining and the equipments used.
Underground mines have lower water consumption as compared to open cast mines, which
consumes large quantity of water for dust suppression and the beneficiation plant. The specific
water consumption for various purposes should be worked out.
Groundwater
The groundwater potential as identified by Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) for the study
area should be presented considering the local geology, hydrogeology, topography etc. Average
depth of water level in summer and post monsoon should be specified.
26
Groundwater recharge calculation of the study area is one of the most important inputs to baseline
condition. The rainfall infiltration method is one of the best methods suggested in groundwater
assessment methodology by CGWB. The details of method and calculation should be given in
the report. The stages of ground water development are categorized as given in Annexure 4
(Ground Water Estimation Committee report (GC 1997)). The sampling locations and the physicchemical properties are to be presented as shown in Table 4.4 and 4.5.
Surface Water
Sources of surface water in the study area are required to be identified. The sub-water sheds,
where mine lease once is located and comprised of contributing and receiving streams should be
studied for hydrological regime. Physical characteristics of the sub-water shed should be analysed
from the map and presented.
The river flow measurement should also be taken for the streams flowing adjacent to the mine
lease area. Historical data on river flow can also be obtained from Water Resource Dept., Public
Health Dept., Central Water Commission etc.
Water samples from available surface water and groundwater from both core as well as buffer
zone should be collected, representing the study area. Water sampling points are to be selected
from all directions of mine lease area. Grab samples from water survey should be collected. The
description of surface water sampling locations may be given as shown in Table-4.6 and physicchemical properties are to be presented as shown in Table 4.7.
The locations of water sampling stations should also be shown on the map of study area. Samples
of surface water upstream and downstream of the mine lease area must be collected. The
parameters, sampling, frequency and method of analysis is given in Annexure 3.
Interpretation of surface and groundwater quality results for both core and buffer zone should
be done separately by comparing with drinking water specification IS: 10500 and Central Pollution
Control Board Water Quality Criteria for surface water are given in Annexure-6.
4.3 Air Environment

The existing ambient air quality of the area is very important for evaluating the impact of mining.
The sampling frequency, methods and standards are compiled and shown as Annexure 3. Baseline
air quality data available with adjacent mine (if any), State Pollution Control Board, educational
institutions etc. may also be collected and compiled in the report.
The sampling and analysis should be done through a planned field monitoring. Monitoring
stations should be ideally located in nearby settlements / villages surrounding the mine lease.
Moreover, many of the mines do not have any stack (point emission source), therefore ambient
air quality is expected to be affected in and around mining areas upto a limited distance depending
on wind speeds / direction. This should be considered while selecting monitoring stations in all
the direction of lease area. Five km. buffer zone may be adequate for monitoring ambient air
quality. At least two ambient air quality monitoring stations should be located in the core area.
The predominant wind direction is also required to be considered for selection of monitoring
station. Upwind and crosswind direction also should be considered to estimate the background
concentration. Location of monitoring stations should be presented in tabular form (Table-4.8)
and also should be shown in map.
27
The monitoring schedule of ambient air quality should be clearly described. The frequency and
methodology followed should be as per the guidelines. Ambient air quality should not be
monitored during rainy season. All the ambient air quality monitoring stations, selected on the
basis of wind direction should be done simultaneously. The wind direction meteorological
conditions are to be considered and correlated during the monitoring. The ambient air quality
monitoring results for all the stations should be presented in (Table-4.9). It may be seen that the
format contains monitoring stations, category (Industrial, Residential & Sensitive), standards
(Annexure 7) and results. The table, therefore, should be useful for data interpretation.

The noise level monitoring in the study area should be done at the ambient air environment
monitoring locations. Monitoring should be done as per the guideline in Annexure 3. Hourly
monitoring of noise level (leqs) should be recorded for 24 hours by using sound level meter for
15 minutes during each hour. The sound level monitoring data are to be presented in format
(Table-4.10).
The noise monitoring results should be compared with the Ambient Noise Quality Standard
notified under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, given in the format Annexure 8.

In order to maintain the natural ecosystem, a study on biological environment of the area is a
basic requirement. Biodiversity can be defined as the sum of life and its processes including the
variety of living plants, animals and others organisms. The biodiversity has social, economical
and cultural implications. Since most of the mining is carried out in remote forest areas, it is
likely that the biodiversity of the area is significantly altered. The general observations are that
mining projects are threatening forest, livelihood of people dependent on forest based economy
and creating conflicts between wild animals and local inhabitants due to loss of forest.
Based on the size and location of the mine, it should be decided during the scoping process of
EIA whether a full-fledged biodiversity assessment study should be taken up. This may be decided
by the Expert Appraisal Committee, considering the type and size of the mine and sensitivity of
location.
The secondary data on list of flora and fauna in the study area is required to be collected from
concerned Forest Division. Field survey and consultation with local people and Forest Department
should be the basis of preparation of list of flora & fauna of the area.
The study on phyto-sociology of the vegetation, covering frequency, density, abundance & species
diversity, in the area falling both in core as well as buffer zone is to be done by field survey in
selected patches so that the whole area is represented. The phyto-sociological features of the
shrubs/trees growing in core and buffer zone should be presented in format (Table-4.11) separately
discussed. Phyto- sociological features of natural vegetation growing in core zone should be
presented in format (Table-4.12) and summary be discussed. The plantations around settlements
are different and should be listed in format (Table-4.13). The forest type and stretches in the
study area may be different. The Forest area should be described and presented in format (Table4.14).
28
Wildlife and avifauna

The baseline status of wildlife and avifauna in the mining area is one of the most important
components, since most of the mines are located in remote areas, and forest patches are considered
to be ideal wildlife habitations.
Following data on fauna should be collected.

Distribution
Abundance
Rarity
Species diversity and critical habitat requirements
Migratory and travel routes
Predator prey balance
Habitat residence
The list of wildlife and avifauna found in the study area should be presented in format (Table4.15) and discussed.

Mining activity in an area has long term irreversible impact on local, sociological, cultural and
economical situation. In order to evaluate socio-economical impact of the project, an extensive
study on the existing socio-economic status is required. The project may also bring benefits to
local people. Most of the mineral deposits are found in areas with tribal population. Socioeconomic feature, therefore, becomes very important. The displacement of people and loss of
livelihood are the major impact of the mining projects.
Village wise demographical profile of the study area can be obtained from census record and
presented in format (Table-4.16) (separately for core & buffer zone). The summary indicating the
population and occupational pattern should be presented in format (Table-4.17) and analyzed to
draw inference.
Representing cross-section of people in the study area, a survey should be carried out to evaluate
the socio-economic status of local inhabitants. This can be done by a field survey and directly
interacting with people through a questionnaire. The survey should cover the following aspects:

Composition and size of the families

Educational status
Homestead land
Information on agricultural situation (land holding size, cropping pattern, productivity,
net return etc.)
Employment (source of employment)
Annual income from various sources
Information on family budget
Savings
Family assets
Respondents perception about the proposed mining project
29
Holding size distribution of households in the study area should be given in format (Table-4.18).
From the table, necessary interpretation on agricultural status in the study area should be made.
Employment and Income
This is an analysis of occupational structure of the study area. The occupational pattern should
be presented in format (Table-4.19). Data in the table should be analyzed and interpreted.
Description on the findings from these interpretations should be given in the report.
4.7 Public Utilities

Vehicular traffic during mine development and operation may result in excessive use of existing
public infrastructure like roads, railways, waterways etc. and may cause congestion and pollution.
An existing road, passing through habitation, may cause air pollution problem due to increase in
traffic volume. Similarly public utilities such as water supply, drainage, power grid may also be
utilized. Baseline information / data on existing public utility infrastructure and service should
be reported.
4.8 Site Specific Features

Any site-specific features such as nearness to large water body, nearness to forest etc. should also
be mentioned. Specific study as given below also be suggested during scoping.
Specific Condition
Study Required
Nearness to water body/reservoir
Details of hydrogeology and hydrology
Nearness to forest
Details of conservation plan
Nearness to township
Blasting vibration study
Groundwater scarcity area
Details of ground water availability and recharge
30
5
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND
MITIGATION MEASURES
5.0 General
Identification of all potential environmental impacts due to project is an essential step of
Environmental impact Assessment. These are critically examined and major impacts (both
beneficial & adverse) are further studied. The construction, commissioning and expansion of
any type of developmental projects have significant influence on the existing physical, biological
and social components of environment. In case of mining projects, impacts on biodiversity, air
pollution, water pollution, waste management and social issues are significant. The nature and
characteristics of impacts are required to be taken into consideration while evaluating the
magnitude of impacts. Various parameters considered for evaluation of impact are complied in
Annexure 9.
In case of mining projects, the site has little relevance since it is mainly guided by mineral deposits.
Mining activities underground and open cast have different types of impacts with respect to
both magnitude and significance. During the working life of mine, air, water, noise and land use
are likely to be affected due to mining of minerals and associated activities.
Open cast mines, which are more, preferred now for rapid increase is mineral production and
safety reasons, the significant impacts are on land use, drainage, air quality, ecology, noise etc.
Allied operations such as transport of materials, operation of workshop, drilling, blasting etc.
affect the air, water and noise environment. Clearance of natural vegetation adversely affects the
flora and fauna of the areas due to changed environment.
Positive impacts on socio-economic
environment are expected due to creation of
employment opportunities and development of
infrastructure such as roads, schools, hospitals
etc.
Mining activities are normally carried out over
a long period (about 30 yrs or more. This also
encourages downstream industrial development
in the area which adds to environmental
degradation. The identified significant impacts
require detailed analysis for decision- making
and formulating adequate mitigation measures.
The various anticipated impacts and mitigation
measures are discussed in this chapter.
Land Degradation in Mining Area

Anticipated Impact
The biggest impact of mining sector is land. If land use pattern in the core area consists of forest
and agricultural land, the magnitude of impact on biodiversity would be significant. Similarly, if
land is occupied by human habitation, their displacement would be a significant issue. So the
impacts of mining on land are predominantly governed by the area acquired and landuse
characteristics.
The satellite imagery on land use, discussed in Chapter 4 of baseline information should form
the basis of impact prediction on land. The land impact can be assessed by carrying out costbenefit analysis of the mining area. The overall benefits, the project will bring and the economic
benefits the land is providing to the area are to be estimated. The economic value of land
degradation in core area and in the surrounding should also be taken into account. The potential
impacts of mining on land and their significance are compiled and presented in Annexure 10.
The land use plan of core area (Mining area) over the years of mining should be shown in maps
of appropriate scale.
The topsoil in the active mining area gets adversely affected. The topsoil is separately kept. The
soil quality of the surrounding area are also likely to get affected due to siltation and run off from
waste dumps. The mine drainage, if it is acidic and containing toxic constituents, not adequately
treated when discharged to nearby land would affect the soil quality adversely; when discharged
untreated into streams effects the quality of water and make in unfit for agricultural use.
Agriculture is also directly linked to soil. If soil quality deteriorates, the agricultural productivity
of the land decreases. The proximity of agricultural land, type of irrigation and crop is very
important.
There is also positive impact of mining on agriculture, as sufficient water is discharged from the
mine, which can be utilized for irrigation, increasing the productivity. Mine drainage water, in
many mines, are not contaminated except high suspended solids, which can be removed by
simple settling.
Mitigation Measures
Adopting suitable, site-specific mitigation measures can reduce the degree of impact of mining
on land. Some of the land-related mitigation measures are as follows:
Compensation and rehabilitation of affected / displaced people would reduce the distress
caused by the loss of land and land-based livelihood.
Implementing adequate protection and conservation plan should conserve topsoil.
Segregation of wastes based on the environmental risk potential. High-risk potential wastes
should be treated and disposed off in environmentally sound manner.
During the planning stage identification of waste storage yard and topsoil should be done
based on slope and runoff characteristics.
In-pit dumping of mine waste should be promoted wherever possible rather than external
dumping. In case of external dumping, it should be stabilized by suitable plantations.
32
Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures
Runoff from the mine and waste dumps should be regulated by constructing check dams
and garland drains.
Non-mineral zones and open areas should be planted with trees.
In-pit dumping should be compacted and stabilized by green cover.
Mine drainage should be suitably treated to meet the prescribed standard and discharged
in to water bodies and land.
Overburden dumps should be stabilized by mechanical and biological reclamation.
Natural drains or nallahs should not be disturbed as far as possible. In case of diversion;
alignments with natural drainage should be made by constructing artificial drains.
Planned compensatory afforestation should be taken up to improve the catchments in core

and buffer zone.
Run-off from mine overburden dump, ore stockpiles etc. should be prevented to avoid
being discharged to surroundings, particularly to agricultural land.
Productive land should not be utilized for waste / ore dumping/ for construction of
structures.
Following mitigation measures to minimize the impact on soil are suggested.

Topsoils should be kept in a designated area and should be given minimum storage time to
prevent nutrient loss.
Garland drains, ditches, catchpits in different combinations should be provided to prevent

run off affecting the surrounding agricultural land. These are to be designed looking into
the locational site features.
Mine drainage is to be treated adequately before discharge to stream outside the boundary
of the project area
Siltation of agricultural land should be prevented.

Anticipated Impact
Mining and its associated activities not only use
a lot of water but also likely to affect the
hydrological regime of the area. The major
impact of deep and large mines (both
underground and open cast) is of natural
groundwater table. Lowering of water table may
result in reduced groundwater availability.
Extraction of different minerals is known to lead
to water pollution due to heavy metal, acid
discharges and increased suspended solids.
Deep underground mines directly affect the
water table of the area. However, the impact of
mining project on groundwater hydrology and
Pumping of Mine Water
33
surface water regime are site specific and depends upon the characteristics of the mineral,
hydrogeology and requirement of groundwater for other uses.
The anticipated impact of mining on water resources and their significance is compiled in
Annexure 11.
Following suitable method of estimation, an assessment of impact on ground and surface water
resources should be made. The detail method and calculation should be given in the report.
The impact on hydrogeology of the area can be:
Regional surface and groundwater movement
Groundwater inflow into the mine, with subsequent contact with mining related pollutants
Surface water inflow and precipitation related recharge
Increase in surface and ground water interaction with the mine working because of
subsidence
Loss of surface features such as lakes, streams and ponds through subsidence
Pathways for post closure flow resulting from adits, shafts and overall mine design
Operational and post closure geochemistry and resulting toxics mobility
Specifically, mine water, groundwater withdrawal and land subsidence can potentially create
environmental problems that cannot be easily corrected. The ground water recharge calculation
including groundwater budgeting should be done following standard methods.
The wastewater quality discharged to water bodies should meet the standard prescribed under
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 by MoEF, which is given in Annexure 12. There is no separate
standard for mining. Therefore, wastewater discharge standard is applicable. Any other mine
specific standards as per notification of MoEF from time to time are applicable. Recently, the
Central Pollution Control Board has come out with effluent standards for iron ore & coal mines.
These include standards for wastewater discharged from iron ore mining, beneficiation and
associated activities or any other discharges, leaving the mining lease boundary, to natural river,
stream or water bodies. No mine/mineral specific
standards for wastewater are presently available. The
standard for Iron Ore Mine is given in Annexure 13.
Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measures are suggested for
water management and water pollution control.
However, priority relevance depends on the location
and type of mining and minerals.
The overall drainage planning should be done

in such a manner that the existing pre-mining
34
Retention Wall
drainage conditions should be maintained to the extent possible so that run off distribution
is not affected.
Garland drains should be constructed on all side of quarries and external dumps. All the
garland drains should be routed through adequately sized catchpits or settling pits to remove
suspended solids from flowing into storm water. The design of catchpits should be calculated
on the basis of silt loading, slope, detention time required.
Retaining walls with weep holes should be built all round the external dumps. The storm
water should pass through weep holes to the garland drains.
The surplus treated mine water should be discharged into local ponds and agricultural
fields which should act like a constant source of recharge to improve the groundwater level
in the area.
Rainwater harvesting by constructing check

dams on natural nallah and developing
water bodies should be planned for
recharging groundwater.
Considering the composition, the mine

drainage water, should be adequately treated
before utilized in agricultural fields in the
surrounding through a planned network of
drains / pipeline.
The toxicity of the mine water should be

treated specifically to meet the prescribed
standard before discharge.
Settling Tanks to Treat Mine Water
Ore, overburden and top soil
Settling Tanks to Treat Mine Water should be stored / dumped / stocked preferably on a
flat area, to reduce the risk of erosion.
Shallow and deeper piezometers should be constructed close to mine area for monitoring
the water levels in the aquifer. The locations of piezometers should be selected in consultation
with Central Ground Water Board (CGW).
Stone barriers across the drain should be constructed to check the water current and arrest
solids.
Stone pitching should be made at suitable location to regulate water flow and prevent soil
erosion.
Settling pits and drains should be periodically desilted.
The vehicles workshop wastewater should be suitably treated for suspended solids and oil
and grease.
Effluents from the canteen, rest areas, township etc. should be adequately treated before
discharge to outside.
A water audit with a water balance diagram should be provided to gtive information on
water use for all aspects of plant operation.
35
Water management plan also should be shown in mining plan for 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and
30th year till closure of the mine.
5.3 Air Environment

Anticipated Impact
Mining operation and associated activities are potentially air polluting and the major air pollutant
is the suspended particulate matter. Most of the air pollution problems are due to fugitive dust
emission, which is more prominent in open cast mines in comparison to underground mines.
The intensity of dust generation in the mining is influenced by factors such as hardness of rock,
mining technology and material handling etc. The potential sources of air pollution are given in
Annexure 14. Suitable procedure for fugitive dust emission should be followed and detail of the
calculation should be presented in the report. In order to assess the impact on air environment,
the factors to be considered are compiled in Annexure 15.
Prediction of fugitive dust level in the surrounding should be carried out (for 24 hours average)
with the help of suitable computerized Fugitive Dispersion Model (FDM), based on Gaussian
Plume formulation (Fig 5.1). Isopleths of fugitive dusts concentration (g/m3) are to be shown
in map, mining lease area at centre. Prediction of PM 10 to PM 2.5 concentration due to mining in
nearby village should also be presented in tabular form (Table-5.1). Suitable computer model
may also be used for assessing the impact due to increase of vehicular movement in the area. The
input data for modeling and type of software should be given in the report.
Mitigation Measures
Mitigation measures at various dust generating activities are discussed below.
Paved surfaces:
Paved surfaces have less dust generation potential. Dust pick-up by wind depends on the wind
speed and is usually significant at wind speeds above 5 meters per second. However slight speed
of vehicle can cause higher dust generation. Dust emissions from paved surfaces can be minimized
by adopting following measures:

Prevent spillages of materials on the paved surfaces during materials transportation.

Minimize mud and dust track-out from unpaved areas by the use of wheel wash facilities.
Regular cleaning of paved surfaces, using mobile vacuum sweeper or a water flushing
system.
Speed controls on vehicle movements.
Wind reduction control by plantation.

Unpaved Surfaces
Dust emissions from unpaved surfaces are caused than from paved surfaces are usually much
greater. Dust emissions can be controlled by using the following methods:
Water sprinkling on unpaved areas during dry wind periods, using a water tanker/or fixed
sprinklers.
Chemical stabilisation can also be used in association with wet suppression.

36
This involves the use of chemical additives

to the water, which help to form a crust on
the surface and bind the dust particles
together.
Revegetation of exposed surfaces. This

should be done wherever practicable at
mines.
Surface improvements may be done with

concrete or asphalt, or the addition of gravel
or chemical dust suppression to the surface
for stabilization.
Plantation on Sides of Mining Road
Speed controls on vehicle movements to limit speeds.
Wind reduction control by plantation.
Wet suppression of unpaved areas can achieve dust emission reductions of about 70 per
cent or more, and this can sometimes be increased by up to 95% through the use of chemical
stabilisation.
Fig 5.1 Emission Sources in Mining
37
Vehicle:
Vehicles travelling over paved or unpaved surfaces tend to crush surface particles and other
debris. Particles are lifted and dropped from the rolling wheels, and the road surface is exposed
to strong air currents due to turbulent shear between the wheels and the surface. Dust particles
are also sucked into the turbulent wave created behind the moving vehicles. The loads carried
by trucks are also potential source of dust, either through wind entrainment or spillages. Mud
and dust carry out from unpaved surfaces is another potential problem. Dust emissions due to
vehicles can be minimized by:
Avoid spillage from the loaded trucks.
Optimize travel distances through appropriate site layout and design.
Use wheel and truck wash facilities at site exits.
Speed controls on vehicles have an approximately linear effect on dust emissions. In other
words, a speed reduction from 30 km/hr to 15 km/hr will achieve about 50 per cent reduction
in dust emissions.
Vehicular emission of particulates, SO2, NOx, hydrocarbons can be minimized by proper

training and maintenance of vehicles and other oil - operated equipments.
Material stockpiles
Top soil or overburden is susceptible to wind erosion speeds more than 5 m/sec. Dust emissions
can also occur as material is dropped on the stockpile from a conveyor or during loading or
unload by track / shovel / fornt-end loading by track / shovel / front-end loaded. There are a
number of methods by which dust can be reduced from the stockpiles which are as follows:
Wet suppression by using water sprinklers.
Covered storage of mined out overburden or topsoil. This is an expensive option

but should be seriously considered
Limiting the height and slope of the stockpiles can also reduce wind speed. For example, a flat
shallow stockpile will be subject to less wind turbulence than one with a tall conical shape.
However while designing the stockpile due consideration should be given to the effect of other
site features such as most prominent wind direction. Some of the measures to reduce the dust
impact from the material stockpile are as follows.
38
Limiting drop heights from conveyors.
Use of wind breaks (wind speed) near the pile is the primary factor affecting particle
uptake from stockpiles. Although a large, solid wind break is the most effective
configuration, the windbreaks can also be constructed by rapid vegetation.
Sprinklers / fog with polyelectrolyte chemical
Hood to cover the discharge point.
Conveyors
Dust emissions from open conveyors can be
caused by wind and during loading, discharge
point, and at transfer points. The following
options should be considered for minimizing
these emissions:
The use of enclosed conveyers.
The use of water sprays or sprinklers at

conveyor transfer points.
Minimizing drop heights at transfer points.
Regular clean up of spillages around the transfer points so that material cannot be picked
up by wind.
Enclosed transfer points with dust extraction system.
Dry Fog for Dust Suppression
Biological method for dust control

Trees can act as efficient biological filters. The systematic and planned greenbelt development
not only reduces the fugitive dust but also checks runoff and improves the aesthetic beauty of an
area. It is essential that planning for greenbelt development should be done at the inception. It is
a proven technology for waste dump stabilisation and restoration of mined out area.
Green belt of adequate width should be raised by planting native species around the mine lease
area on both sides of haul road, near material handling plant, on external overburden dumps and
backfilled quarry along undisturbed area and in and around the colony. Experimentally, it has
been observed that some plant species have good efficiency in removing particulate matter. Central
Pollution Control Board has recommended few plant species, which are very efficient for dust
control (Annexure 16). Various air pollution control measures suggested are compiled in Annexure
17.
5.4 Noise
Anticipated Impact
Noise
Noise level increase due to mining activities such as excavation, drilling, blasting, handling and
transportation of ore and overburden and operation of processing equipment. Impact on noise
level on the nearby village may be predicted by using computerised noise prediction model and
the results may be presented in format. The prediction of impact can be evaluated and discussed
in Table 5.2.
The blasting cause ground vibration. The empirical equation used for assessment of peak particle
velocity (PPV) is:
V= 417.8 {D/(Q0.5)}-1.265
39
Where
V= Peak particle velocity in mm/s
D= Distance between location of blast and gauge point.
Q=Quantity of explosive per blasting
Any other formula for calculating blasting vibration in Indian condition may also be followed.
However, detail reference is to be given.
The calculated vibration values should be presented in format (Table-5.3). The results are to be
compared with the limiting values prescribed by Director General of Mine Safety (DGMS)
(Annexure 18).
Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measures can be adopted to control noise and vibrate
Engineering noise controls by noise reduction at the source and by interruption of the /
noise path from the source to the receiver.
Administrative noise controls to the receiver
Combination of one or all of the above control measures which can be technologically
achievable
Engineering noise controls however offer the most effective permanent solution which prevents
occupational heaving loss A few of the noise control measures that may be adopted are:
Selection of new low-noise equipment from the manufactures failing which use of additional
retrofits if available.
Modifications of the older equipment or method by incorporating minor design changes
Implementation of an effective planned preventive maintenance which reduces noise level

by more than 50 %
Use of noise barriers and total enclosures to block, redirect or reduce the flow of sound
energy from all equipments including DG set and compressor before it reaches the receiver.
Isolating continuous vibrating structuring by proper mounting securely
When noise reduction at the source and in the transmission path fail to control excessive
noise to the receive, it becomes necessary to develop administrative controls by
40
i)
Altering the work schedule, moving the personnel further from the noise source
ii)
Reduction of sight length
iii)
Modifying equipment operation to eliminate on reduce sound, and
iv)
Use of warring signs
v)
When all controls fail to reduce the level of noise entering the ear, by use of personal
hearing protection devices
Developing green belts which act as pollution sinks
Noise and ground vibration from blasting may be mitigated by the following measures:-
i)
By carefully designing a blast hole drilling pattern or blast geometry with appropriate
burden distance, spacing as holes, hole size, hole depth, and stemming height, and
powder factor. Established rules of thumb and experience in similar deposits in other
mines may used.
ii)
Adopting shock tube (non-electrical) initiation system in blasting which allows short
delay blasting using short delay detonators allowing in-hole as well as surface delay
and bottom initiation of blasted rock, and results reduction of fly rock, reductions in
noise and ground vibration levels to with in permissible limits.
A blasting siren and warning notice boards should be used for public warning as safety
measures.

Anticipated Impact
The impact on biodiversity would be very high if the project is located close to a sensitive area.
The impact on biodiversity is difficult to quantify because of its diverse and dynamic
characteristics. Various issues relating to biodiversity are compiled for assessing the degree of
impact in Annexure 19.
Mitigation Measures
In case, a mining project is likely to cause high impact on biodiversity, it is always desirable to
conduct independent detail assessment. Development of a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) is a
possible mechanism by which the objectives and target for biodiversity conservation can be
achieved. Similarly, Species Action Plan (SAP) should also be prepared for protection of specific
species and Habitat Action Plan (HAP) for protection of habitats of red and endangered species.
However, Expert Appraisal Committee, constituted under EIA Notification, 2006 during scoping,
can decide requirement of these studies. Many legislations, relating to forest and biodiversity are
in force and deal with wide range of issues. The mine should comply with the provisions of such
legislations. The level of compliance may be presented in the report.
5.6 Socio-economics
Anticipated Impact
The socio-economic impacts of mining are many. The adverse impacts attribute to physical
displacement due to land acquisition, which is followed by loss of livelihood, mental agony,
changes in social structure, and risk to food security etc. People are also directly affected due to
pollution. Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is a process of analysis, monitoring and managing the
social consequences of a project. Social Impact Assessment itself is an exhaustive study and may
be taken up in case of mega project as decided by Expert Appraisal Committee. The major social
impacts associated with mining are compiled in Annexure 20.
41
Mitigation Measures
Following mitigation measures are suggested:
A welfare plan with funding from the project proponent should be prepared to provide
assistance to affected people.
Effective rehabilitation and resettlement schemes with basic infrastructure such as

educational institutions, health care, roads, water supply should be drawn.
The infrastructure facility (Educational Institute, Water Supply, Health Care etc.) developed
by the project should also be extended to people without any cost or minimal cost.
Various compensatory packages to be formulated for the improvement of socio-economic

condition of people. They are:
a.
Monetary compensation
b.
Resettlement Plan
c.
Compensation in kind
d.
Site Remediation Insurance
Training to locals to develop skill should be promoted by the project. All the above should
be exhaustively dealt in the report.
5.7 Mine Waste Management

Removal of ore from earth generates large quantities of waste such as soil, debris, overburden
etc. The bigger the scale of mining, greater is the quantum of waste generation. Open cast mines
generate much higher quantities of waste as compared to the underground mines producing 8 to
10 times as much waste as underground mines. However, these are variable and depend on the
type of deposit and geology of the project location. All types of mineral mining generate waste
materials.
A waste audit will provide information on sources and types of all wastes produced, their
characteristics, generation pattern, and cost of storage, treatment and disposal.
The waste rock generated from both opencast and
underground mines varies every year and may
require external dumping when opening up. In case
of opencast mines progressing internal dumping
may be resorted to as far as possible.
The anticipated impacts are
Impact of run off from overburden, topsoil,

low-grade ore and other stockpiles on water
bodies (siltation, contamination etc)
Loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat

42
Active Overburden Dump
Impact on surrounding agricultural land
Impact on groundwater quality due to leachate from stockpiles, tailings dam
Sliding of waste dumps
The dumps should have the following protection measures:

The individual dump should have maximum slope of 37o and an overall slope not exceed
28o.
The external dump should have stretches of retaining wall at suitable locations.
The wall should be constructed with suitable height and top surface. The wall will have
weep holes to drain out water to the garland drain.
The back-filled areas should be levelled to match with adjoining ground level.
The completed dumps and the back-filled areas should be afforested in a planned way to
increase their stability.
Over burden in most cases are not contaminated. However, composition of the leachebility
of heavy metals of over burden and low grade ore dumpsites are very important.
Excavation of new pit should begin only after an existing pit is exhausted. This should
ensure that the over burden and inter burden generated is use for back filling instead of
being dumped elsewhere.
The top soil prior to drilling and blasting

should be stacked at designated area
surrounded by embankment to prevent
erosion.
The over burden and top soil dumps should

be stabilized by plantation and ankering with
coir nets / blankets.
Phase-wise waste management should be

shown on surface plan in the mine leased
area for the 5th year, 10th year, 15th year 20th
year, 25th year and 30th year.
Overburden Dumps
Waste generated from treatment of mine drainage, if normally designated as hazardous

waste as per the relevant rules should be disposed off as landfill. Used oil should be stored
properly and sold to registered reprocessor.
The solid waste from the township should be subjected to aerobic composting or vermi
composting to produce organic manure and the residues should be disposed off in landfill.
The over burden disposal underground mines should be explored for putting it inside the
void. The method of stowing should be worked out.
The mine waste management should be as per the approved mine plan.
43
5.8 Mine Closure

Mine closure plan is the most important environmental requirement in mineral mining projects.
The mine closure plan should cover technical, environmental, social, legal and financial aspects
dealing with progressive and post closure activities. The closure operation is a continuous series
of activities starting from the decommissioning of the project. Therefore, progressive mine closure
plan should be specifically dealt with in the mining plan and is to reviewed every five years in
the scheme of mining. As progressive mine closure is a continuous series of activities, it is obvious
that the proposals of scientific mining have included most of the activities to be included in the
closure plan.
While formulating the closure objectives for the site, it is important to consider the existing or the
pre-mining land use of the site and how the operation will affect this activity. Some operations
such as mining in agricultural areas have clearly defined this objective of returning the land to
viable agricultural purposes or for bringing the land for economically viable productive purposes.
The primary aim is to ensure that the following broad objectives along with the abandonment of
the mine can be successfully achieved:
To create a productive and sustainable after-use for the site, acceptable to mine owners,
regulatory agencies, and the public.
To protect public health and safety of the surrounding habitation.
To minimize environmental damage.
To conserve valuable attributes and aesthetics.
To overcome adverse socio-economic impacts.
Mine Closure Criteria

The criteria involved in mine closure are discussed below:
Physical Stability
All anthropogenic structures, which include mine workings, waste dumps, buildings, etc.,
remaining after mine decommissioning should be physically stable. They should present no
hazard to public health and safety as a result of failure or physical deterioration and they should
continue to perform the functions for which they were designed. The design periods and factors
of safety proposed should take full account of extreme events such as floods, hurricane, winds or
earthquakes, etc. and other natural perpetual forces like erosion, etc.
Chemical Stability
The solid wastes on the mine site should be chemically stable. This means that the consequences
of chemical changes or conditions leading to leaching of metals, salts or organic compounds
should not endanger public health and safety nor result in the deterioration of environmental
attributes. If the pollutant discharge likely to cause adverse impacts are predicted in advance,
appropriate mitigation measures like settling of suspended solids or passive treatment to improve
water quality as well as quantity, etc. could be planned. Monitoring should demonstrate that
44
there is no adverse effect of pollutant concentrations exceeding the statutory limits for the water,
soil and air qualities in the area around the closed mine.
Biological Stability
The stability of the surrounding environment is primarily dependent upon the physical and
chemical characteristics of the site, whereas the biological stability of the mine site itself is closely
related to rehabilitation and final land use. Nevertheless, biological stability can significantly
influence physical or chemical stability by stabilizing soil cover, prevention of erosion/wash off,
leaching, etc.
A vegetation cover over the disturbed site is usually one of the main objectives of the rehabilitation
programme, as vegetation cover is the best long-term method of stabilizing the site. When the
major earthwork components of the rehabilitation programme have been completed, the process
of establishing a stable vegetation community begins.
For re-vegetation, management of soil nutrient levels is an important consideration. Additions
of nutrients are useful under three situations.
Where the nutrient level of spread topsoil is lower than material in-situ e.g. for development
of social forestry.
Where it is intended to grow plants with a higher nutrient requirement than those occurring
naturally e.g. planning for agriculture.
Where it is desirable to get a quick growth response from the native flora during those
times when moisture is not a limiting factor e.g. development of green barriers.
The mine closure plan should be as per the approved mine plan.
Stage wise mine closure plan with budget available financial / manpower should be prepared
and implemented. Such plan with the approval of the competent regulatory authority should be
made available to the MoEF and / or concerned State authority giving the environmental
clearance.
45
6
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.0 General
This chapter should include details of mitigation measures to be followed. It should also include
the technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures (including
measurement methodologies, data analysis, reporting schedules, emergency procedures, detailed
budget & procurement schedules). Guidance for assessment relevance and reliability of analytical
methods and framework used for impact prediction - risk assessment is given in Annexure 22.
It should also include
Summary matrix of environmental monitoring, during construction and operation stage
Requirement of monitoring facilities and their onsite installation
Frequency, location, parameters of monitoring
Compilation and analysis of data, comparison with baseline data and compliance to accepted
norms and reporting system
Plantation monitoring programme
It shall also cover different statutory returns/ compliance reports to be submitted such as:
Submission of half yearly compliance report in respect of the stipulated prior environmental
clearance terms and conditions in hard and soft copies to the regulatory authority concerned,
on 1st June and 1st December of each calendar year
Submission of environmental statement for the financial year ending 31st March to the
concerned state pollution control board on or before 30th September every year
Format for maintaining records of hazardous waste in Form 3 as per Hazardous Waste
(Management, Handling and Transboundary movement) Rules, 2008
6.1 Activities
Slope Failure
Regular inspection (frequency and mechanism to be established) should be carried out to examine
slope stability, mine faces, overburden benches, ore and waste stockpiles etc. Possible slope
failures by modern slope stability technologies should be monitored. Observations should
also be made by regular checking for land erosion possibility in hill slopes / backfill area and
underground mine voids.
Drainage
The effectiveness of drainage system depends upon proper cleaning of all drains and sumps.
Regular checking should be carried out to find any blockage due to silting or accumulation of
loose materials. The drains should also be checked for any damage in lining / stone pitching
etc.
Blasting Effects
Regular testing and inspection of blasting operations in work zone should be carried out with
respect to noise, fly rock throw, vibration, dust and fume generation. These tests should be
conducted regularly and whenever new patterns of blastings are adopted for rock
fragmentation.
Revegetation and Green Belt Development
Greenbelt development as per the scheduled plan should be reviewed every year. Post plantation
status should also be regularly checked every season. Following plantation related data /
information should be kept and compiled every year.
(a)
Area under plantation / vegetation
(b)
Period of plantation
(c)
Type of plantation
(i)
Tree species
(ii)
Grass
(iii) Any others

(d)
Type of plant saplings / seedlings / grass species / scrub species planted
(e)
Distance between plants (Different Areas)
(f)
Type & amount of fertilizer used
(g)
Interval of watering
(h)
Method and period of post plantation care
(i)
Survival rate
(j)
Density of afforested area

(i)
Pre-mining condition
(ii)
Post-mining conditions
Water Quality Monitoring

Monitoring of surface run-off and ground infiltration should be a routine activity. Quality of
groundwater treated and untreated mine discharge water and surface water should be
monitored for the parameters prescribed in the consent conditions of State Pollution Control
Board.
48
Air Quality Monitoring

Ambient air quality should be monitored both upwind & downwind directions along with
adequate meteorological measurement for proper interpretation of data. The number of
monitoring stations, air pollutants and frequency of monitoring should be decided.
Meteorological stations to monitor wind direction and speed, rainfall, temperature and
humidity and evaporation should be set up by large-scale mines.
Occupational Health and safety
Concentration of respirable dust in the workplace should be regularly measured as laid down
by DGMS. Health check up of the workers should be conducted at regular intervals. The
information should be furnished to the approving authority.
Environment Management Cell should also coordinate with general public, regulatory
authorities, local administration to apprise environmental performance of the mine.
The plan of environmental monitoring for selected important parameters should be worked out
as per format Table 6.1.
The report should also cover
Laboratory facilities to be developed
Action plan and updation for implementation of EMP
Budget for Environmental Management and monitoring
Monitoring of quality of water, air, noise, vibration and occupational health status of
project personnel and surrounding habitations.
Planned monitoring program to evaluate the effectiveness of various /specific aspects

of technological / mitigation measures.
Environmental audit of various activities including

management with reference to environmental management.
Hydro-geological monitoring for the entire mine life and restrictive monitoring
during reclamation.
Plantation monitoring programme to ensure survival and growth rate of plantations.
Evaluation and analysis of data, its interpretation (any additional studies to be carried out
if required
Monitoring the implementation of the progressive/post-mine closure plan including

financial and other aspects
A plan for monitoring health of workers and community in vicinity should be drawn
and submitted along with financial allocation.
budgeting
and financial
49
7
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.0 General
TOR to be adopted for mining of minerals as commonly applicable is prepared and attached to
this manual as Annexure 1. It may however, be necessary to consider specific issues as applicable
to individual projects. The EIA report and EMP should therefore address such issues also.
7.1 Items identified by the proponent

The proponent may be able to identify issues beyond those included in the common TOR as may
be specifically considered by him important from environmental point of view for the proposed
project or site selected. In such cases the proponent shall include such issues as additional studies
under TOR and pursue them in the EIA study after the regulatory authority approves TOR.
7.2 Items identified by the regulatory authority

During the scoping process, the regulatory authority may direct specific issues, beyond those
included in the TOR proposed by the proponent, as may be specifically considered important
from environmental point of view. In such cases the proponent should pursue those issues as
additional studies in the EIA report after the regulatory authority approves TOR.
7.3 Items identified by the public and other stakeholders

After completion of the public consultation, the applicant shall address all the material
environmental concerns expressed during the process, and make appropriate changes in the
draft EIA and EMP. The final EIA report, so prepared, shall be submitted by the applicant to the
concerned regulatory authority for appraisal. The applicant may alternatively submit a
supplementary report to draft EIA and EMP addressing all the concerns expressed during the
public consultation. A statement of the issues raised by the public and the comments of the
applicant shall also be prepared in the local language and in English and annexed to the
proceedings.
7.4 Risk Analysis and Disaster Management Plan

Risk Assessment is all about prevention of accidents and to take necessary steps to prevent it
happening. The main objectives of preparing a disaster management plan in mining project
include:
To protect workers in mines from accident
To prevent or reduce the incidence and severity of injury during mining operations
To respond immediately and adequately in case of a serious accident
Drilling Risks
Drilling is common to the mining of hard rocks / ores. The main hazards associated with are:
Drill Falling from the edge of a bench
Dust created during the drilling operations
Noise produced during drilling
The highest risk will occur during the drilling of the first line of holes parallel with the working
edge of the bench. Measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of falling off the edge of the
bench is to provide suitable portable rail fencing which can be erected between the drill and the
edge of the bench and direction by the supervisor fro guidance of the driller.
Face Stability and Loading
Face instability gives rise to rock falls or slides and this can arise because of adverse geological
conditioning or poor work practices. The main hazard associated with excavation / loading is
rock falling on to the driver and falls while gaining access to operating cabins.
Failure of Slope in the Pit
In order to allay dangers due to open cast slope failure, final pit, slope stability estimations have
to be made for the existing mines after determining various physical parameters of the
ground mass like uniaxial compressive strength, triaxial compressive strength, cohesion,
angle of friction, specific gravity of the rock, water pressure etc. Besides, all the structural
discontinuities have been plotted in wedge failure. Even then, factor of safety should be determined
against overall slope failure as well as against individual bench slope by circular failure, planer
failure, and wedge failure. Besides determining factor of safety, the slopes should be monitored
at regular intervals by using real time slope stability radar system, to monitor for any possible
failure. The well-developed drainage system over the lease area should ensure that storm
water does not accumulate in the lease area and therefore hydrostatic pressure remains at a
low level.
Fly Rock and Vibrations Due to Blasting
Trial blasting results of a nearby mine (with similar geo-mining characteristics) may be used to
arrive at the field empirical equations based on which the charge per delay can be regulated to
protect the nearby structures. All precautions related to control of fly rock should be taken during
the blasting operations. Safety zone of 300 m as per statutes should be maintained.
Spillage of High Speed Diesel (HSD) and resultant fire constitutes a potential risk. The quantity
of the maximum oil, which can spill, is not much and can be easily controlled. Sufficient number
of portable fire extinguishers should be provided at strategic locations to take care of any
eventuality. Dry and foam type portable fire extinguishers should be provided at the electrical
substation and control room.
52
Additional Studies
Regulations laid down by DGMS should be fully adopted.

The major risks associated with mining are:
Drilling risks
Scope failure
Fly rock and vibration due to blasting
Storage of explosives
Toxic fumes from blasting
Water ingression in underground mine workings
Subsidence
Risk analysis involves systematic identification and assessment of major damage potential credible
risk scenerios to help management to make objective decisions on hazard reduction or avoidance
measures meeting regulatory requirements and develop a structured management framework
for an effective Disaster Management Plan (DMP) including emergency preparedness and
contingency plans.
Advantages of risk analysis include:
Systematic identification of credible risk scenerios, frequency of their failure modes and
fatality consequences.
Estimation of each event frequency by using, relevant historical data, accident statistics
fault tree or event tree analysis techniques. These techniques may be used individually
or jointly.
Quantification of major individual risks per annum for each operation.
It provides a basis for a rational planned preventive maintenance.
Technological hazards:
These include disastrous events or hazards occasioned by manor mans impact on the environment
and technical causes.
They may be divided into
1.
Noise hazard from intense noise sources on operating equipment like drilling, excavation /
loading, transportation and processing equipment auxiliary and supporting facilities.
Blasting noise is of very short duration achieving a peak level of 140 dB.
53
2.
Blasting of produces
Ground vibrations
Excessive toxic fumes which may typically include CO, NO, NO2 and NH3 and organics
Danger of explosives hazards from their use
Fly rock injuries and fatalities in surface mining due to inadequate blast area security
3.
Occupational injuries and fatalities in drilling and rock bolting in underground metal /
non-metal mines
4.
Ground falls / rock burst hazard in underground mines
5.
Instability of spoil dumps, tailings, dams, bench/pit and slopes in surface mines which
may cause injuries and fatalities
6.
Flammable and toxic gas emissions as continuous emissions and blowers and gas outbursts
in mines
7.
Sudden inundation of water in underground mine workings trapping miners
8.
Fires and explosions hazard in underground mines
9.
Fires on large surface vehicles through ignition of fuel/hydraulic fluids.
10.
Fire in surface coalmines due to spontaneous heating and processing plants.
11.
Chemical hazards in beneficiation plants
12.
Storage and disposal of hazardous materials
13.
Injuries and fatalities during storage and transport of bulk materials to areas by road or rail;
structural failures
14.
Contamination of groundwater quality with water on mine site raw mine drainage, leach
ate from old mine dumps, stockpiles and seepage from setting pond and tailings dams
15.
River/stream pollution with silt, acids, dissolved substances
16.
Surface damage due to subsidence: damage to structures, buildings, infrastructure,

agricultural land, forests/ wildlife, alteration of drainage pattern, etc causing human distress
17.
Injuries and fatalities due to impact and collisions of heavy vehicles due to mechanical and
human failures, pit wall and land slides
Mine Disaster Management Plan:

A disaster is a catastrophic event in which personnel working in the affected area are immediately
planed into a chaotic situation, which demands their immediate rescue, medical and social case
to restore normalcy. It creates a major emergency inside the plant requiring an Emergency response
in accordance with a Mine Disaster Management Plan formulated by the management.
A detailed DMP for handling emergencies includes
1.
54
Identification and assessment of major credible risk scenarios anticipated at a particular

workplace / activity (Slope failure, subsidence, fly rock fragments, fires, toxic /
hazardous / flammable Gas Release / Explosion, inundation etc.)
Additional Studies
2.
Setting up an Emergency response organization identified key personnel at the mine

with assigned duties and responsibilities for incident response and emergency
response.
3.
Emergency actions plans with implementation procedures by emergency response

personnel for each scenario after emergency warning.
4.
Details of safety measures to prevent accident and disaster.
5.
Emergency notification by sending warning messages to identified agencies for liaison

and stake holders.
6.
Setting up a permanent organization for completion of emergency and restoration of

normalcy by complying with health, safety, and environmental laws and regulations
7.
Disaster management plan for safe mining particularly for underground mines where
toxic fumes and other risks are involved.
8.
Supplementary response plans under mutual aid
9.
Any other stipulations made by regulatory agencies for handling emergency situations
that may arise either from natural or manmade
The Indian MIINES RESCUE RULES 1985 under Coal Mines Regulation1975 which may be
referred to prescribe organization for conducting rescue operations at underground mines ensuring
safety of life, property and environment and safe rehabilitation of the affected area.

The plan of action for conservation of natural resources and recycle of waste materials
should be formulated and included in the EIA report. The conservation strategy should be
prepared both for mine development and exploitation phases. Energy efficiency and green
house gas emission reduction programme of the project, if any, should also be highlighted.
7.6 Rehabilitation & Resettlement (R & R)

Detailed R&R plan with data on the existing socio-economic status of the population in the study
area and broad plan for resettlement of the displaced population, compensation to affected
people, site for the resettlement colony, alternative livelihood concerns/employment for
the affected people, civil and housing amenities being offered, etc and the schedule of the
implementation of the project specific R&R Plan if any is to be given. Details of financial provisions
(capital & recurring) for the project specific R&R Plan and monitoring mechanism for the
implementation of the plan should be highlighted.
Details of Corporate Social Responsibility activities and cost provisions (capital and recurring
per annum over the life of the project) should be worked out. The community development
programme proposed by the proponent for the surrounding population should be recorded.
This programme should be prepared on the basis of findings of socio-economic survey. The
implementation mechanism of R & R Action plan should be clearly spelt out and recorded.
55
8
PROJECT BENEFITS
8.0 General
This chapter should include benefits accruing to the locality, neighbourhood, region and nation
as a whole. It should bring out details of benefits by way of:
Improvements in the physical infrastructure of project and ancillary industries that

may come up on account of the project.
Improvements in the social infrastructure like roads, railways, townships, housing,

water supply, electrical power, drainage, educational institutions, hospitals, effluent
treatment plants, waste disposal systems, improved environmental conditions, etc.
Employment potential of skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled labour both during

construction and operational phases of the project with specific attention to
employment potential of local population as well as necessity for imparting any
specialized skills to them to be eligible for such employment in the project on a long
term basis i.e., during operational and maintenance stages of the project.
Tangible benefits like improved standard of living, health, education etc.
Other direct and indirect economic benefits of the area.
9
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
9.0 General
The environmental management must be integrated into the process of mine planning so that
ecological balance of the area is maintained and adverse effects are minimized. Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) requires multidisciplinary approach. EMP can further be modified /
upgraded time to time by taking advice from experts in the respective fields (forests, soil chemistry,
ground water etc.), as the mining of minerals progresses. The changes warranted as per site
specific conditions are to be accounted for during actual implementation.
EMP covers all phases of the project considering the impacts with mitigation measures and
monitoring programme. The plan outlines the measures that will be undertaken to ensure
compliance with environmental legislations and to minimize adverse impact.
EMP should essentially include monitoring programs and management control strategies for
minimizing the adverse impacts:
Subsidence
Acid Mine Drainage
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Noise, Vibration and fly rock during blasting
Biological reclamation measures
Land use planning and mine closure
Occupational Safety and Health
Socio-economic and cultural environment
9.1 Subsidence
The damages and consequential effects of subsidence can be alleviated or countered by
undertaking precautionary measures on surface for protecting installation(s) in subsidence prone
areas or by adopting appropriate modifications of the mining method adopted to minimize
deformation of the surface and by filling the abandoned mine/non-working mines where possible
by slowing in a carefully planned manner.
a.
Structural units in the mining area should include safety designs.
b.
Sites of such structures should be away from natural geological weak points such as faults,
thrusts, fissures or fractures etc.
c.
Structures should be designed in subsidence prone areas taking rigidity, flexibility factors
into consideration.
d.
If the mining in a subsidence prone area is inevitable the operations should be planned to
permit controlled subsidence over the entire overlying ground.
e.
Mine planners can possibly modify extraction methods and sequence(s) of operations to
keep the damage within acceptable limits.
f.
Adequate support should be provided in the underground workings, (especially in areas

closer to surface) to control subsidence. In case of worked out mines stowing should be
carried out if technically and economically feasible.
g.
The worked out areas, specially for steeply dipping metalliferous ore bodies, should be
filled with sand or other suitable packing materials.
h.
The procedures and plans drawn for mine closure operations, which is now mandatory,
adequate attention should be given to prevent subsidence of land in underground mine
workings in future.
i.
The magnitude of surface strain, ground movement and slope change can be predicted
with empirical models or with finite element computer simulations. Scientific data for such
models should be collected before the actual mine operations are started.
9.2 Acid Mine Drainage

Acid mine drainage is the outflow of acidic mine waters from active and inactive abandoned coal
and metal mines as well as from the surface mining waste dumps, coal refuse, coal stacks, and
beneficiation and large constructions activities. The acidic water generated from the surface
sources is termed acid rock drainage which term is preferred over the term acid mine drainage to
emphasize the general nature of the problem. Oxidation of associated metal sulphide (often iron
sulphide) present in the deposit or surrounding rocks in the presence of air and water.
The sulphide minerals which undergo oxidation are Pyrrhotite (Fes), chalcocite (cu2s), arsenopyrite
(Fe As S), sphalerite (ZnS), Corellite(CuS), Pyrite (FeS2) and chal (Cu Fe S2). Bacteria naturally
occurring in the rock accelerate the decomposition of the metal ions. In the case of Iron Sulphide
(Pyrite/marcasite), the acid generating chemical reaction can be simplified to;
Fe S2 + 15/4 O2 + 7/2 H2O
Fe (OH)3 + 2 SO4 2 - + 4 H +
In the presence of oxygen and water, pyrite oxidizes to form ferric hydroxide, sulphate and
hydrogen ions. The liberation of hydrogen ions lowers the PH and causes increased acidity in
water passing. Prediction of acid mine drainage (AMD) also called acid rock drainage (ARD)
will help the mining operations and planning the strategy to control pollution of ground & surface
waters and entry of TOXIC metallic components in the environment. The mining authorities
should try to prevent formation of acid drainage at source. For this they may adopt modified
mining methods, sealing of mine or a part of it after closure, surface reclamation, water diversion
to prevent he exposure of ground water to sulphide bearing rocks and subsurface dams. Control
of acid generation can be achieved by limiting the availability of at least one of the three essential
components of the acid generating process, namely, sulphide mineral, air or water.
60
Environment Management Plan
Control of acid mine drainage

The segregation of acid generating material and encapsulation within materials, which
will generate alkalinity will be best alternative.
Blending thoroughly Potentially Acid Forming (PAF) material, with non- acid
consuming (NAC) materials to take advantage of inherent neutralization capacity.
Depending on site conditions wet/dry covers can be utilized to minimize oxygen entry
into the waste body. Water flux through the waste or both. A cover of compacted clay
or dead ore or rock can be used.
Controlled placement and compaction of thin layers can be adopted to achieve high
level of control for dumps in sensitive environment(s). The outer layers of such
compaction will include a compacted oxygen barrier and a single or multi layered revegetation plan.
To employ standard waste water treatment method for neutralization and removal of
dissolved solids. The technique generally adopted followed is lime or limestone
addition during the construction stage and to bring down the PH to below 5.5 use of
bactericides were also practiced to control ARD at some coal mines.
Prevention of ARD should be the primary goal at new mines, collection and treatment
as a mitigation method on a long term basis. The method adopted should include
line/limestone treatment followed by aeration or oxidation process to convert ferrous
iron to ferric iron, neutralization with soda ash, Caustic soda etc reverse osmosis/ion
exchange, evaporation, ozone oxidation, iron sulphide removal and microbial control.
Introducing bactericides that reduce the activity of the catalyzing bacteria utilizing
specialized biotechnological processes for recovery of heavy toxic metals from the
mine drainage water.
The sludge emanating from the treatment being a hazardous waste should be disposed off in an
approved manner.
9.3 Air Pollution Control

There are various sources of fugitive dust
emission during mining. The environmental
management for air pollution control
include;
Wet drilling operation should be

practiced to control dust. Drill pits are
also required to be regulated as per the
manufacturers guideline.
Over charging of blast holes should be

avoided and spread of dust from
blasting should be checked by using
suitable explosives.
Wet Drilling
Haul roads are the major source of

61
fugitive emission. Following measures

should be taken to reduce dust from
haul roads.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
The main haul roads should be

made metal road.
The unmentalled haul roads
should be adequately compacted
before being put into use.
Periodically, water should be
sprinkled on these roads to wet
the surface.
Over loading of transport
equipments should be avoided to
prevent spillage.
Transportation of fines and dust
should be in covered vehicles to
prevent fugitive dust emission.
The road should be properly
maintained.
Water should be sprinkled on stakes of

ore.
Once the over burden dumps has

reached the designed size, it should be
covered with a layer of top soil and
water should spread on the soil.
Water Sprinkling on Road for Dust Suppression
Grasses should be immediately planted on the dump.
Diesel Generator set if any should have accoustic enclosures with adequate stack height.
Regular checking and maintenance of vehicles should be conducted and pollution under
control certificate be obtained.
9.4 Water Management and Water

Pollution Control
Drainage in the core zone should be

planned in such manner, so that there
should be minimum impact on surface
water bodies and the overall drainage
pattern of the area is not affected.
The mine water based on its composition

should be adequately treated before
discharged to outside. The treatment plant
should be accordingly designed.
Mine Drainage Water
62
Since there is always change of location of mine drainage water discharge points, as the
mine progresses, suitable networking for pumping mine drainage water to the treatment
system / plant should be ensured.
A monitoring network of dug wells should be established to monitor the ground water
level. It may be explored if the treated mine drainage water can be utilized for agricultural
purpose in the surrounding.
The wastewater generated from workshop and the colonies should be treated by appropriate
treatment method based on the composition and quantity.
Monitoring of water quality of mine discharge to local river/nallah and domestic water
should be conducted to evaluate the performance of the mitigation measures.
Pieozemeteric studies closed to the mining area should be conducted regularly.
The water management should be worked out and shown in drawings of the mining area.
9.5 Noise Control

Noise level should be maintained below 90 dB(A) in workplace (for 8 hour exposure).
All machineries should be maintained as per maintenance schedule to prevent undesirable

noise.
Blasting should be carried out only in day time.
Hearing protection devices (Ear plugs and ear muffs) should be provided to the drill machine
operators and dumper drivers.
9.6 Control of Vibration and Fly rock generation during blasting

The following measures should be taken to reduce vibration and fly rock generation.
Blasting should be carried out only during daytime and fly rock not be carried out in storming
and rainy weather or during lightening.
The distribution ratio of cast booster to column charge may be maintained at 1:3.
Maximum permissible charge per delay should be decided on the basis of the distance of
structure to be protected from the blasting.
Stock tubes should be used for connections and initiation of detonation in holes and on the
surface.
Maximum period of blast should preferably be less than 600 ms to minimize cut off.
The number of rows in a blast should not be more than four so that fly rock generation and
ground vibration are reduced.
Attempts should be made to have one large blast with less frequency then to have several
small blasts.
9.7 Biological Management

Greenbelt Development
Greenbelt is an important sink of air pollutants including noise. Green cover in mining area not
only help in reducing pollution level, but also improves the ecological conditions and prevent
63
soil erosion to great extent. It further improves the aesthetics and beneficially influence the
microclimate of the surrounding. It also helps to stabilize the slope of external overburden dumps.
Many a times, it attract the animals to re-colonize the area when the mine is abandoned. However,
green belts may be developed with plant species suitable to the area. Plant species, selected for
greenbelt should have rapid growth, ever green, large crown volume and small/pendulous leave
with smooth surface. All these characteristics are difficult to get in a single species. Therefore a
combination of these is sought while selecting trees for vegetation cover.
Greenbelt should be developed in following areas:

Along mine lease boundary

Around office buildings, garages, stores etc.
Along the side of major roads
On external overburden dump
On backfill areas
Upper benches / slope of mine pits
The species of plantation should be selected considering the soil quality, place of plantation,
chances of survival, commercial value etc. Only indigenous species should be planted. Mixed
plantation should be done keeping optimum spacing between the sapling. The species suitable
and guideline for greenbelt development given in Central Pollution Control Boards publication
Guidelines for Development of Greenbelt CPROBES/75/1999-2000 should be followed. In order
to supply of seedlings for the continuing greenbelt development plan, a nursery may be developed.
Sapling may be done from seeds or seedling collected from nearby forest areas.
Plantation along mining lease boundary
In case of open cost mine, green belt of suitable width
should be developed all along the mining lease
boundary. The row of plants facing mine should be of
smaller species and those facing outside should be of
taller species. Seeds may also be sown in rows for
plants with low survival rate (Example - Sal). In
underground mines, plantation along the boundary of
mine entry should be taken up.
Plantation around Office Building, Colony & Road
Plantation should be done around the built up areas
and space available in the township. Extensive
plantation should also be done along the sides of
connecting roads.
Plantation on external dumps
Plantation on the overburden dumps can only be taken
up after dumping activity is stopped and the site is
Plantation on Overburden Dumps
64
proposed for plantation. A layer of topsoil should be spread over the area and roughly leveled.
Coir net / blanket should be spread and native grass seed mix should be broadcasted uniformly
on prepared slope.
Plantation on Top of Overburden
Trenches of 45cm x 45cm should be dug on the flat top of the dump and excavated materials
should be used to form bund on the dip side of the trenches to retain water during rain. Suitable
benches should be made on the waste dump. Pits of size 60cm x 60cm should be dug on the
benches at 2-3 meters intervals. The pits should be filled with a mixture of top soil, organic manure
and phosphate fertilizer. Saplings should be planted in these pits during monsoon to ensure
maximum survival.
Plantation on Dump Slopes
Plantation on slope of the dump should start after the benches are ready. The terraces on the
slopes should be sloped inward. Pits of size 60cm x 60cm should be dugs at 1.5m interval and
filled with a mixture of topsoil, organic manure and phosphate fertilizer.
The slopes and terraces should be covered with a layer of soil held with coir net blanket. Seeds of
grass and small scrubs of local varieties should be sprinkled on the soil covering the dump slope.
Seedling of the plants should be planted in pit in the slopes.
Plantation on Backfill areas/Mine Benches
Plantation on the mining benches can also be taken up once the active pit is closed for mining.
The abandoned pit, after backfilling and leveling, a layer of top soil should be spread. Grass seed
/ seedlings should be planted on the soil layer to stabilize the soil. Plants selected for plantation
on mining benches should be draught hardy, with fast growth rate and with glabrous/ pendulous
leaves.
Trenches of 60cm x 60cm should be dug on the flat top of the backfilled mine pits. Where backfilling
is not possible (mining in hills), the trenches should be dug on mining benches. The excavated
materials should be utilized to construct bund on the dip sides of the pit to retain water. Contour
trenches at 2-3 meter intervals should be dug on the backfilled mine pits/mining benches for soil
and moisture conservation. The pits should be filled with a mixture of topsoil, organic manure a
phosphate fertilizer.
Masonry drains sloping along the mining benches to facilitate conveying of water from higher
benches to the next lower benches should be constructed. Before the commencement of the
monsoon, the side slopes of mining benches should be covered with a layer of soil by means of
mechanical binders like coir net / blanket and sprinkle with water. Seeds of grass and scrub of
indigenous variety should be sprinkled on the soil covering the bench side slopes.
Phase wise Plantation for afforestation
Stretches of open land in lease area, which are not covered by any activity should also be identified
and afforestation programme should be taken up. Plantation in these locations can start from the
initial year of excavation and plantation should be expected in such areas in progression stages.
65
The green belt development plan with the progressive plantation programme and land availability
and requirement of saplings should be shown in maps. This also should be presented in tabular
format (Table-10.1).
Post Plantation Care
Post plantation care is very important and should be an integral part of mine management. A
dedicated cell in the mine should be established for post plantation care, which include, regular
watering, manuring, protective measures etc. Diseased and dead plants should be uprooted and
replaced by fresh saplings. Regular monitoring on survival rate and remedial action should be
done in an organized and planned manner.
Plan for Reduction of Impact on Fauna
The impact on fauna species in the mining area is mostly due to noise vibration and loss of
vegetation cover. The measures proposed to reduce the impact is discussed in the respective
chapters should be strictly followed. The blasting is to be carried out during day time only. The
migrating routes of wild animals should not be disturbed and action should be taken as per the
guideline of State Forest Department. This is also regulated under the Wildlife (Protection) Act,
1972.
The strong light in the project premises during night may cause some disturbance to fauna of
nearby forests. The light posts along the ML boundary should face inwards and downwards
with reflector facing downward, so that light do not spread outside ML area.
9.8 Landuse Planning and Mine Closure

Future landuse planning of post mining should be for forestry. Because the man made forest
developed on abandoned quarry area, over burden dumps should match with the existing forest
in the area and hill slopes. Restoration of forest cover may attract (back) some of the impacted
fauna after closure of the mine.
Progressive land area degradation vis--vis biological reclamation plan should be estimated and
presented in tabular form (Table 10.2).
9.9 Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational safety and health is very closely related to productivity. The mining is directly
associated with health and safety of the work force. It is established that the mining activities
have several health risk. Some of the occupational hazards associated with mining are:
Hearing impairment
Skin diseases
Eye diseases
Job stress because of working in accident prone mining environment.
Respirable diseases
Materials like asbestos, silica, chrome dust etc. are hazardous to mine workers.
66
Safety of employees during operation of mines should be as per the mines rules and as per
guideline of Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS). The following measures relating to safety
and health should be incorporated.
Provisions of rest shelter for mine workers with facility of drinking water.
Awareness on safety and ensure using of personal protective equipments (PPE) by workers.
Regular maintenance and testing of equipments.
Periodical medical examination of all workers.
First Aid facility and training to workers.
Safety measures and risk assessment in underground mining.
Conduct of mock drill
Safe storage & handling of explosives.
9.10 Socio-economic Conditions of the Region

Social welfare activities should be taken up on a large scale. The social welfare activities can be
planned in the following areas:
Medical assistance;
Primary education;
Animal husbandry;
Rural water supply;
Agricultural improvement;
Vocational training; and
Assistance in utilizing government programs.
Medical Assistance
Services of health care facilities developed by the mine should be extended to the general public.
Education
In order to improve the educational activities in the area, following assistance may be provided.
Repair/Rebuilding of village schools;
Institution of scholarships and prizes;
Encouraging pre-primary schools education; and
Supporting adult education programs.
Training of personnel
In order to improve the skill and self employment of locals, following promotional activities may
be taken up.
67
Tailoring/embroidery classes for women; and
Orientation programs for self-employment in collaboration with District Industries Centre

and Rural Development Agencies.
Agricultural Improvement
The locals in the area should be benefited by following social programme.
Organising, with the help of Agricultural Department, training programs for farmers in
relevant areas such as animal husbandry, dairy development, modern cultivation, scientific
storage of grain, water conservation etc;
Help to organize veterinary camps;
Help in arranging in association with nearby agricultural department for soil testing and
technical inputs for increasing yield.
Assistance in Utilizing Government Programs

Collecting and disseminating information pertaining to various government schemes and
providing guidance and assistance to eligible persons for making good use of these schemes
e.g. getting loans for setting up small businesses.
Employment
Preference should be given to local population while inducting the man power (both skilled and
unskilled). Necessary training may be provided to locals to improve their skill.
Communication
The mine roads to the project site from nearest state/district/village roads should be constructed
and maintained. The facilities like post office, telephone booth etc. should be available near the
mine office.
68
10
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
10.0 General
Summary EIA should be a summary of the full EIA report condensed to ten A-4 size pages at the
maximum. It should necessarily cover in brief the following chapters of the full EIA report.
Introduction
Project description
Description of the environment
Anticipated environmental impacts & mitigation measures
Additional studies
Project benefits and costs evaluation
Important Aspects of the Environmental Management Plan and
Important Aspects of the Environmental Monitoring Programme
Disclosure of consultants engaged
10
11
DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
11.0 General
The EIA consultants shall have accreditation with Quality Control of India (QCI)/National
Accreditation Board of Education and Training (NABET) as per office memorandum dated 2nd
December 2009 of MoEF. This chapter shall include the names of the consultants engaged with
their brief resume and nature of consultancy rendered. The consultants shall include the copy of
the accreditation certificate and data provided by the other organizations/ laboratories including
their status of approvals etc.
11
Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APELL for Mining, Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level, Technical
Report No. 41, UNEP 2001
Final_Lit_Review_AMD_08-22-08.pdf
http://europe.osha.eu.int/good_practice/risks/ds/oel/ accessed Jan 2009
http://www.bls.gov/iif/ and accessed Jan 2009
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/mining/illum/. Accessed December 2008
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/ accessed November 2008
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb owadisp.show_document?p_table =STANDARDS &

p_id=9992 accessed October 2008
International Council for Mining and Metals (ICMM), 2006. Good Practice Guidance for
Mining and Biodiversity . London, UK. Available at: http://www.icmm.com/uploads/
1295GPG.pdf
MAC, 2003. Developing an Operations, Maintenance and Surveillance Manual for Tailings
and Water Management Facilities.
Samad, M. A., and E.K. Yanful. (2005). A design approach for selection the optimum water
cover depth for subaqueous disposal of sulfide mine tailings. From http: pubs.nrccnrc.gc.ca/rp/rppdf/t04-094.pdf.
Skousen, J. G., and P.F. Ziemkiewicz (1996). Acid Mine Drainage Control and Treatment.
Second Edition. Morgantown, W.V., West Virginia University and the National Mine Land
Reclamation Center.
U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Surface Mining. Acid Mine Drainage Prevention
and Mitigation (2007) available at: http://www.osmre.gov/amdpvm.htm
UNEP, 2001. APELL for Mining, Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local
Level, Technical Report No. 41.
UNEP. (2002). Chronology of Major Tailing Dam Failures. United Nations Environmental Program, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics. From http://
www.mineralresourcesforum.org/incidents/index.htm.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) Available at: http://www.un.org/
Depts/los/index.htm
73
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Mineral Resources Forum http://

www.uneptie.org/pc/mining/mrfvision.htm accessed October 2008
United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. 40 CFR Part 60, Standards
of Performance for New and Existing Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Steam Generating
Units, Clean Air Mercury Rule. Washington, DC: US EPA..
Warner, R. W. (1971). Distribution of biota in a stream polluted by acid mine drainage.

Ohio Journal of Science 71(4): 202-215.
Younger, P. L., S.A. Banwart, and R.S. Hedin (2002). Mine Water: Hydrology, Pollution,
Remediation. NY, NY, Springer Pub.
74
TABLES
Tables
Table 2.1 Ancillary Features of Mines

Sl No. Ancillary Activities
Location
1.
Township
2.
Conveyor
3.
Water reservoir
4.
Magazine
5.
Crushing and greening plant
6.
Tailing Dam
7.
Mine water treatment plant
8.
Waste dump
9.
Waste treatment facilities
10.
Beneficiation plant if any
11
Haul road
Green belt
Topsoil dump
Area in Ha
Existing Landuse
Canteen
Table 2.2 Characteristics of Ore

Sl. No.
Ore type
Chemical constituents in percentage
Table-2.3 Ore Production and Overburden Generation (Anticipated)

Sl. No.
Year
1.
First 5 years
2.
5 10 years
3.
10-15 years
4.
15-20 years
5.
20-25 years
6.
25-30 years
Ore Production (T)
Overburden cum
Total
Table-2.4 Inventory of Explosives

Sl. No.
Class
Commercial Name
Quantity stored
Likely period of storage
1.
2.
3.
4.
75
EIA Guidance Manual Minining of Minerals
Table-2.5 Inventory of Fuel Oil

Sl. No.
Fuel
Type of Storage
Monthly Requirement
1.
2.
3.
4.
Table-2.6 Yearwise Excavation (Initial Five Years)

Year
Top
Soil (m3)
Overburden
(m3)
Normal Grade
Ore (Tonnes)
High Grade
Ore (Tonnes)
Low Grade Ratio of Ore /

Ore (Tonnes) Overburden
1
2
3
4
5
Total
Table-2.7 Water Requirement

Sl. No.
Activities
Average Demand
(m3/day)
1.
Mine
a. Drilling and spraying
b. Dust suppression
c. Equipment / Vehicle washing
d. Pit head bath
e. Drinking water at mine site
2.
Township Drinking
3.
Crushing / Screening Dust Suppression

a. Road
b. Ore Stack
4.
Green Belt
5.
Ore beneficiation (if any)
Peak Demand
(m3/day)
Table-2.8 Manpower Requirement During Mine Development and Operative Phases

Sl. No.
Category
Mine Development Phase

Direct
1.
Administrative
2.
Supervisory
3.
Workers
4.
Security
5.
Others
76
Contractual
Operative Phase
Direct
Contractual
Tables
Table-4.1 Description of Soil Sampling Locations

Station
No.
Location
Distance & Direction

from project area
Project area/
study area
Environmental
Setting
Table-4.2 Physical Properties of Soil

Station
Code
Colour Texture
Water
Holding
capacity (%)
Porosity
(%)
Sand
(%)
Salt
(%)
Bulk
Density
gm/cc
Permeability
ml
S1
S2
S3
Table-4.3 Chemical Properties of Soil

Parameters
Samples
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
pH
Conductivity
Chloride
Sodium Absorption Ratio
Table-4.4 Description of Ground Water Sampling Locations

Station
No.
Location

from project area
Project area/
study area
Environmental
Setting
Table-4.5 Analysis of Ground Water

S. No.
Parameters
Unit
GW1
Result
GW2
Standards
GW3
77
Table-4.6 Description of Surface Water Sampling Locations

Station
No.
Location

from project area
Project area/
study area
Environmental
Setting
Table-4.7 Analysis of Surface Water

S. No.
Parameters
Unit
Result
SW2
SW1
Standards
SW3
Table-4.8 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Sl.
No.
Location
Station
Code

from the lease
Zone
(Core/Buffer)
Remarks
78
Residential Area
Industrial Area
Sensitive Area
95 Percentile
Mean
Max.
Min.
95 Percentile
Mean
Max.
Min.
:
:
:
95 Percentile
R I
S
Mean
95 Percentile
Mean
Max.
Min.
95 Percentile
Mean
Suspended particulate matter

Respirable particulate matter
Sulphur dioxide
Oxides of nitrogen
Carbon monoxide
Max.
:
:
:
:
:
Min.
SPM
RSPM
SO2
NOx
CO
Max.
Category
(R,I,S)
Min.
Monitoring
Stations
Category of Station
Table-4.9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Tables
Table 4.10 Description of Noise Monitoring Stations

S. No
Location
Envron- Average
mental Day noise
Setting* level (dBA)
Average
Night noise
level (dBA)
Day time
(6.00 A.M. to
10.00 P.M)
Standard
(Leq in dBA)
Day time
(10.00 P.M. to
6.00 A.M)
Standard
(Leq in dBA)
*Industrial area/ Commercial area /Residential area /Silence zone
Table-4.11 Shrubs/Trees Growing in Core & Buffer Zones

Sl.
Plant species
No.
Abundance
Average
Core Zone Buffer Zone Core Zone
Minimum
Buffer Zone Core Zone
Buffer Zone
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Total
Table-4.12 Natural Vegetation in Core Zone

Sl.
Plant species
No.
Abundance
Average
Core Zone Buffer Zone Core Zone
Minimum
Buffer Zone Core Zone
Buffer Zone
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Total
Table-4.13 List of Plants in Study Area

Sl.
No.
Plant
species
Common
Name
Habitant
Family
Average
Abundance
Average
Minimum
1.
2.
3.
79
Table-4.14 Forest Type Patches in Study Area

Sl. No.
Forest Name/ Nearest Location
Distance (km) from Project Site
Direction
1.
2.
3.
Table-4.15 Wildlife Species / Avifauna in Study Area

Sl.
No.
Common Name
Local Name
Scientific Name
Schedule list as per

Wildlife Protection Act
Table-4.16 Demographic Profile

Particulats
With in 1 km from the

project boundary
With in the project site
Polulation
No. of villages
Number of hoseholds
Village-wise
Table-4.17 Population & Occupational Pattern

Sl.
No.
Demographic Feature
1.0
Population
2.0
Households
3.0
Occupation
Study Area
Core Zone
Buffer Zone
Share in total
Population (%)
Table-4.18 Distribution of Households by Holding size

SL.
No.
Holding Size (Acre)
1.
Marginal (<2.5)
2.
Small (2.5-5.0)
3.
Medium (5.0-10.0)
4.
Large (= 10.0)
80
Household %
Core Zone
Buffer Zone
Tables
Table-4.19 Employment and Income

SL.
No.
Occupation
Percentage
Core Zone
1.
Cultivation
2.
Service
3.
Private Business
4.
Wage Laborer
5.
Others
Buffer Zone
Table-5.1 Air Quality (Actual Monitored Date and Predicted Data)

Parameters Monitoring Station Distance and
Station
Type Direction from
the Project Site
Background
Predicted
Resultant
Air Quality
Concentration Concentration Concentration Standard
in gm /m3
in gm /m3
gm /m3
in gm/m3
Table-5.2 Noise Level Prediction

Sl.
No.
Village
Background
Nearest
Distance
in M
Noise Contribution
(dBA)
Result & Noise

Level (dBA)
1.
2.
3.
Table-5.3 Calculated Vibration in Nearby Villages

Sl.
No.
Village
Nearest
Quarry
Distance in
Meter
PPV
mm/Sec
1.
2.
3.
81
Table-6.1 Environmental Monitoring Programme

Sl.
No.
Environmental Parameter
1.0
Air Quality
2.0
Meteorology
3.0
Water Quality
Nos. of Stations
Core Zone
Buffer Zone
Frequency of
Monitoring
a. Surface Water
b. Ground Water
4.
Noise
5.
Vibration
6.
Traffic
7.
Soil Quality
Table-10.1 Phase wise Greenbelt Development Programme

Sl.
No.
Years of Mining
1.
5th Year
2.
5th to 10th year
3.
10th to 15th year
4.
15th to 20th year
5.
20th to 25th year
6.
25th to 30th year
Available land
for plantation
Area in ha
Requirement of
sapling
Types of
Trees proposed
Table-10.2 Biological Reclamation

Sl.
No.
Mining
1.
5th Year
2.
5th to 10th year
3.
10th to 15th year
4.
15th to 20th year
5.
20th to 25th year
6.
25th to 30th year
82
Land
Degradation
in ha
Afforestation (in ha)

Types of Plants
Internal External Selected Total
Proposed
Dump
Dump
Patches
to be used
ANNEXURES
Annexure 1
Terms of Reference (TOR) for Environmental Impact

Assessment of Mining of Minerals Sector
Objectives
Terms of Reference (TOR) for preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and
Environmental Management Plan for Mining of Minerals as per the EIA Notification, 2006 has
been devised to improve the quality of the reports and facilitate decision-making transparent
and easy. TOR will help the project proponents and consultants to prepare report with relevant
project specific data and easily interpretable information. TOR for mining of minerals is expected
to cover all environmental related features.
General Information
Mining of stone and metals has been done since pre-historic times. Mining is the extraction of
valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, which are processed and/ or used
for production of materials of economic value. Mining of minerals plays a positive role in the
process of countrys economic development. In addition to the contribution towards economic
growth, mining can also be a major source of degradation of physical as well as social environment,
unless it is properly managed.
Environmental impacts can arise during all activities of the mining process. Minimizing the
damage due to mining operations depends on sound environmental practices in a framework of
balanced environmental legislation. The potential adverse effects of mining activities include air
pollution, surface and groundwater pollution, noise and vibration, damage to local ecology, natural
topography and drainage, depletion of water resources etc. All these environmental components
are required to be considered while selecting a proper methodology of mining, mitigation measures
to reduce pollution load, conservation of natural resources etc.
1.0 Introduction
This chapter should cover purpose of the project, project proponent, brief description of the project
name, nature, size, location of the project and its importance to the region/country. As per the
EIA notification of 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated 1st December 2009, mining
projects are divided into two categories as mentioned below:
Project
Activity
Mining of
Minerals
A Category
B Category
General Condition
=50 ha of mining lease <50 ha = 5 ha of mining Any project or activity specified in

area in respect of non- lease area in respect of category B will be treated as category
A, if located in whole or in part within
coal mine lease
non-coal mine lease
10 km from the boundary of:
>150 ha of mining lease = 150 ha = 5 ha of mining
area in respect of coal lease area in respect of (i) Protected areas notified under the
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972; (ii)
mine lease
coal mine lease
Critically polluted areas as identified
Asbestos
mining
by the Central Pollution Control Board
irrespective of mining
from time to time; (iii) Eco-sensitive
area
areas as notified under section 3 of the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986,
such as, Mahabaleswar Panchangi,
Matheran, Pachmarhi, Dahanu, Doon
Valley and
(iv) inter-state boundaries and
Provided that the requirement
regarding distance of 10km of the
inter-state boundaries can be reduced
or completely done away with by an
agreement between the respective
states or U.Ts sharing the common
boundary in the case the activity does
not fall within 10 kilometers of the
areas mentioned at item (i), (ii) and (iii)
above
Profile of the Project Proponent, name and contact address, Implementing Organization,
Organizational Chart, Project Consultants etc., should be mentioned clearly.
Land description- plot/ survey / khasra numbers, village, tehsil, district, state and extent of the
land must be mentioned clearly. The project site should conform to the CRZ guideline or
modifications or stipulations made by the Central / State Govt., as applicable.
The proponent should confirm that the project meets all Centre / State / Local regulations and
standards applicable for mining of minerals and allied activities.
Any litigations pending against the proposed project and / or any directions or orders passed by
any court of law/any statutory authority against the project are to be detailed out.
In case of expansion / modernization of the project, the environmental compliance status for
the existing project should be explained.
The EIA-EMP report should be based on maximum mineral extraction capacity and it should be
based on generic structure given in Appendix III of EIA Notification, 2006 for the project or its
expansion based on the proposed maximum mineral extraction capacity.
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Annexures
The mining projects linked to associated projects such as coal to power plant, limestone to cement
plant etc., located within the impact zone are required to take up integrated EIA.
The report, the page numbers of various chapters, sections and sub-sections, tables, appendices,
drawings and figures, source of data incorporated should be clearly mentioned etc., with titles
should be clearly indicated under the heading contents.
2.0 Project Description

The chapter contains the broader details of the basic activities, location, lay out and implementation
schedule of the project.
Background of the Project:
Location of the project ( Longitude, Latitude, revenue village, Tehesil, District, State, nearest
Railway station, airport, and MSL)
Objective of the project (captive mine, standalone etc) whether it is new or expansion (Increase
in ML area or increase in annual production) or modernization. Proposed use of minerals
(sale, use as intermediates or raw materials). Any change in technology proposed should be
specified.
Significance and relevance of the project highlighting the benefit to surrounding area and
economic development of the Local/State/ Country.
Location of National Park, Wildlife sanctuary, migratory routes of wild animals etc. with in
10 km of mine lease area should be authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden.
Project details should include:

Overall note on mineral reserves, rated capacity, life of the mine
If the lease area/buffer zone is ecologically fragile, a detailed justification is to be given.
Period of mining lease and calendar programme of ore and waste production.
Status and stages of other regulatory clearances like approval of mining plan, forest clearance,
consent to establish from State Pollution Control Board etc.
In case of expansion/modernization, compliance of the statutory conditions given by SPCB,

MoEF, DGMS, FC etc.
Solid waste dumping strategy and management
Energy demand/specific energy consumption
Water requirement and reliability of its supply
Manpower recruitment
Capital cost estimate
Market conditions vis a vis validity of the project
85
Essential Toposheets / Maps to be Provided with TOR Application

Topographical map
A topographical map 1:25,000 scale (if not available in 1:50000) of the study area (core zone and
10 km area of the buffer zone from boundary of the core zone) delineating the major topographical
features such as land use, drainage, locations of habitats, major constructions including roads,
railways, pipelines, major industries if any in the area are to be mentioned.
A topographical map, covering aerial distance of 15 km from the proposed project location and
delineating environmental sensitive areas as specified in Form I of EIA Notification dated 14th
Sep 06. In the same map the details of environmental sensitive areas present within a radial
distance of 1 km from the project boundary should be specifically shown
Remote Sensing Imagery
Land use and land cover map of the study area in 1: 25,000 scales based on recent satellite imagery
of 5.6 m or higher resolution of multispectral sensor delineating double crop, single crop,
agricultural plantation, scrub land , land with or without shrub, forest land dense, open,
degraded, forest blank, waste land, water bodies, builtup area is to be shown.
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) / slope / Contour maps
Contour / slope map, as required for the study of core zone and site plan of the area
showing the various proposed break-up of the land.
Description of the project site, geology, topography, hydrology, climate, transport and
connectivity, demographic aspects, socio-cultural and economic aspects, villages, settlements,
meteorological data.
Notified restrictions and limitations from environmental considerations etc., if any.
Environmental data relating to history of natural calamity such as cyclones, storms surges
Coastal areas), tornado, flood, etc. should be discussed,
The project description should include

Geology (Regional and Local)
Reserves and quality of the ore with chemical composition (Grade or Percentage). Associated
minerals, if any, should be mentioned.
Deposit condition such as ore strength, host rock strength, shape, grade, dip, size, uniformity
and depth.
General description of the project with ancillary operations such as crushing, beneficiation
etc.
Surface geological plan in the leasehold area, transverse section of mineral deposits, contour
maps at intervals of not more than 03 meters
Breakup of land use of leasehold area
Project falling on Coastal Zone for mining in coastal area. Details of Coastal Zone
Classification, Low Tide Line (LTL), High Tide Line (HTL), characteristics of beach
Drawing (Digitized) showing project layout, components of project, leasehold area

86
Annexures
Type (Open cast, Underground or Both) and method of mining (Manual, Semi-mechanized
or mechanized)
Nearness to a large water body.
Mode of transportation of ore and waste
Hydrology of the area and calculation for mine seepage water and Groundwater drawdown
Open Cast Mining

Deposit conditions
Maximum allowable stripping ratio (ratio of overburden in m3 to mineral in ton), thickness

of top soil and overburden (minimum, maximum and average),
Working depth (below ground level and Mean Sea Level)
Mining Plan (Height and Width of the benches in overburden, ore body, proposed
inclination/slope of the sides),
Surface plan showing mine working 5rd year, 10th year, 15th year, 20th year, 25th year,
30th year as per the approved mine plan.
Type of blasting, drilling and explosives
Detail of machineries (mining ,transportation, and material handling) with production

capacity
Plan for backfilling of mine pit.
Overburden dumps stability study and reclamation.
Underground Mining
Deposit conditions
Mode of entry to the mine (Shaft, Adit, Incline)
Details of machineries in underground and on surface
Method of mine development and stoping
Subsidence (Maximum predicted subsidence, max. slope change, impact on surface

features like natural drainage pattern, houses water bodies, water table etc.)
Mine drainage water management details
Ventilation system for adequate control of quality and quantity of air underground
General Features
Surface drainage pattern at mine site (modification/diversion in the existing drainage

pattern)
Mineral transportation outside mining lease area (road, rail, conveyor, Rope way, waterway,
pipeline, others etc.)
Beneficiation, Crushing, Processing etc. (process flow)
87
Township description, (area, dwelling units, distance from mine, distance of water bodies)
Power and water supply
3.0 Analysis of alternatives

This should be project specific and decided during the scoping process.
4.0 Description of the Environment/ Baseline Environmental Status

Environmental data to be collected in relation to proposed mining would be: (a) land (b) water
(c) air (d) biological (e) noise and vibration (f) socio economic (g) health environment etc.
Study area:
Study area for the mining projects should be defined as follows:
Mine lease area should be the core zone
10 km radius from the boundary limits of the mine lease area of more than 50 hectares
should be the buffer zone.
5km radius from the boundary limits of mine lease area of 5-50 hectares should be buffer
zone.
Maps (appropriate scale) of the study area ( core and buffer zone), clearly delineating the
locations of various monitoring stations (air/water/noise/soil), superimposed on locations
of habitats are to be shown.
Indicate 2km, 5km distance from the boundary limits of mine lease by appropriate line.
Monitoring and testing should be done as per guidelines of CPCB/MOEF.
Baseline information is required to be collected by field survey, monitoring etc. Secondary data
with source should be clearly mentioned. Normally, one season monitoring data (excluding
monsoon) are to be collected. However, Expert Appraisal Committee (EPC) may specify collection
of baseline data for a longer period base on the nature, size and location of the project.

Pre-mining land use pattern of (agricultural land/ forest land/ grazing land/ wasteland / water
bodies/settlement) of the area is to be detailed out. Details of mineral resources, geological
status of the study area and the deposit to be worked, ultimate working depth and progressive
stage wise working plan / scheme until the end of the mine life should be mentioned on the basis
of the approved rates capacity and calendar plan (s) of production. From the approved mining
plan, geological maps should be drawn.
Land
Baseline data on land, of mine leased-area is to be described. Total land available and proposed
utilization for different purposes including built-up area be given. Justification of the use of area
is to be given.
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Annexures
Topography
Topography the study area through topographical maps (1: 50000), showing all relevant details
required for assessment of the proposed activities. Description in relation to following be given
Slope and elevation
Natural drainage pattern and water bodies
Land use pattern (habitation, cropping, forest cover, ecologically sensitive features etc. by
employing remote sensing techniques (If available)
Geology
Geology of the area is to ascertain seismic sensitivity. It also defines the layers of geological
formations, from which the permeability and possible faults and fissures can be known.
Soil
The study should include
Soil quality at representative monitoring stations (type, classification, soil characteristics

etc.)
Fertility status of soil samples
Pre-mining land use pattern, cropping pattern, vegetation cover etc. (remote sensing data)
4.2 Air Environment

The study should include the following;
Climate and meteorology (temperature (max. and min.), relative humidity, and rainfall)
indicate the nearest IMD meteorological station from which climatological data have been
obtained.
Wind rose (Wind directions and speeds, 24 hourly data)
Air quality monitoring data in respect of SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOX, CO, Heavy Metals in
SPM (Mineralogical Fe, Mn, Pb etc.), any other project specific pollutants. Monitoring should
cover one full season except monsoon. Frequency and methodology adopted should be as
per CPCB/MOEF guidelines.
Monitoring stations are to be located based on dominating wind directions, habitations and
terrain features in the study area. The monitoring stations should cover upwind, downwind,
crosswind, core zone, habitations and sensitive areas.

Sources of water (river, groundwater, mine water, other surface water), their requirement, and
utilization for various operational need of the project, at different stages are to be discussed.
A detailed water balance should be provided. The breakup of water requirement as per different
activities in the mining operations should be given separately. Approval of competent authority
for utilization of ground and surface water should be provided.
89
Surface Water
The study should cover the following;
Locations of representative monitoring stations showing direction and distance from the
mine lease site
Details of rivers, springs, lakes, reservoirs and drains up to first order in study area.
Physio-chemical analysis including heavy metals, biological, bacteriological characterization

for assessment of water quality. Water quality of water body with respect to upstream and
downstream should be covered.
Delineation of water sheds and water drainage pattern in the study area using remote sensing
satellite imageries
Surface water balance (Withdrawal of surface water and release of mine drainage water)
Lean season flow of the nallah from where water is drawn
Groundwater
Since the mining is excavation of the earth, the groundwater is affected to a great extent.
The study should include;
Groundwater potential, recharge and budgeting
Hydrogeology and aquifer characteristics of the area
Groundwater quality, groundwater potential of the area and its availability, groundwater
table (pre monsoon and post monsoon)
The details of locations of groundwater observation wells with respect to core zone should
be described.
The monitoring stations should cover the whole study area
Additional Information
Water bodies existing and water bodies likely to be created due to mining activities
Water requirement and waste water generation from various activities of mine, including
township, beneficiation etc.
Waste water treatment, recycling and reuse

The study should include
Locations of monitoring stations for noise measurements in accordance with the direction
and distance from the sources and habitations.
Day-time and night-time noise level monitoring (leq)
Vibration and air over pressure, caused due to blasting, transport and process equipments,
wherever applicable
90
Annexures

Information on flora and fauna within the study area should be given separately
Flora
Detail description of vegetation type in core and buffer zone ( include photograph)
Assessment of plant species with respect to their dominance, density, frequency, abundance,
diversity index, similarity index, importance value Index.
Quantitative estimation of forest and non-forest flora
Type of forest in study area and its conservation status.
Information on the dependence of local people on minor forest products
Location of National Parks, Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserve, Tiger Reserve, Elephant Reserve,
wild life migratory routes in core and buffer zones
Fauna
Assessment of fauna and avi-fauna.
List out endangered and endemic species as per the schedule of the Wildlife Protection Act,
1972
Information on breeding and hibernating sites in core and buffer zone.
4.6 Socio- Economic Environment

The baseline study should cover the following
Data on demography, traditional skills, sources of livelihood within the study area
Socio-economic profile of the people with in 2, 5 and 10 km from the mine.
Human settlement, health status, sources of livelihood
Data relating to historically, culturally and ecologically important places in core as well as
buffer areas
Information on notified tribal settlements, if any
Details of private lands with ownership in the core area indicating financial loss annually
Health status of the population in the study area
4.7 Waste Generation

The report should cover the following
Solid waste from mining and processing operations, their quality and quantity (overburden,
low-grade ore etc.) Quantity and quality of associated minerals and possible recovery
Top soil quantity , quality and its management
If waste contain any hazardous/toxic/radioactive substances or heavy metals, then details
Recovery and recycling possibilities
Site features of locations of waste storage and disposal

91
Leaching properties of overburden and other solid waste
Solid waste generation from Effluent Treatment Plant township, hospitals etc.
Any specific inputs which are likely to be added the site and its surroundings. Salient feature of
the area, which require specific study.
Specific Condition
Study Required
Nearness to Water Body/reservoir
Detail Hydrogeology and Hydrology
Nearness to Forest/
Detail Conservation Plan
Nearness to Township
Blasting Vibration Study
Groundwater Scarcity Area
Details of Groundwater Recharge
5.0 Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures

This chapter should describe the likely impact on each of the identified environmental component
by adopting methods such as mathematical model, empirical method, reference of previous studies
etc., Details of mitigation measures proposed in the project (site specific) to minimize the adverse
effect, should be discussed. The information should cover mine development, operation and
closure phases of the project, as applicable.

Anticipated Impact:
Impact on topography, drainage pattern, land use with respect to agriculture, forestry, builtup area etc.
Impact on soil quality and agriculture
Soil erosion
Subsidence
Visual Impact on surrounding environment
Mitigation Measures:
Plan for restoration/rehabilitation of mined-out area
Technological measures to prevent soil erosion from core and buffer zones
Plantation/afforestation of local varieties of plants
Measures to control and conserve runoff from various locations.
Landscaping, plantation, aforestation to minimize adverse visual and noise impact
5.2 Air Environment

Impact of mineral transportation within and outside the lease. The entire sequence of mineral
production, transportation, handling, transfer and storage of minerals and wastes and the impacts
on air quality is to be shown in a flowchart with specific points where fugitive emissions can
arise and specific pollution control / mitigative measures are proposed to be put in place. The
adequacy of roads existing in the area and if new roads are to be laid the impact of the construction
of roads particularly if it is crossing forest lands.
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Annexures
Anticipated Impact:
Emission Inventory of SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOX, and site specific pollutants
Prediction of fugitive dust emissions due to mining activities, crushing and cleaning plants,
loading and unloading, transportation by rail, road or conveyor.
Impact of fugitive dust emission on flora and fauna
Prediction of impact on ambient air quality using appropriate mathematical model (area, point
and line sources). Description of model, input requirements and reference of derivation. Isopleths
distribution of major pollutants and their analysis and presentation in tabular form/base map.
Measures to reduce the emissions of pollutants during mining, loading, unloading,

transportation, drilling, blasting, crushing etc to maintain the air quality
Adoption scientific mining methods to reduce dust emission from point and line source
Planned green belt development
5.3 Water Environment (surface and groundwater)

Impact of mining on hydrology, changes of natural drainage, diversion and channeling of the
existing rivers / water courses flowing through the mine lease and adjoining area and its impacts
on existing users and mine operations.
Impact of water drawal and mine water discharge on the hydrogeology and use of groundwater
regime in the core zone and buffer zone are to be detailed out. Long- term modeling studies on
the impact of mining on the undergroundwater regime should be carried out.
Anticipated Impact:
Impact on groundwater regime/streams / lake / springs due to mining, to be assessed

from hydro-geological study
Impact of water drawal on surface and groundwater resources
Impact on surface and groundwater quality due to discharges from mining, tailings pond,
workshop, township, leachate from solid waste dumps etc.
Ingress of sea water, particularly for mining projects in coastal areas.
Measures to minimize contamination of surface and groundwater
Construction of gully checks, check dams, sedimentation ponds, settling tanks, water weirs,
retaining walls etc. with design and site features for control of run-off
Mine water treatment for meeting the prescribed standard
Slope stabilization by constructing retaining walls, vegetation etc.
Steps to minimize impact on water table if mining intercepts groundwater regime.
Wastewater treatment for township sewage, workshop(s), tailing pond overflow etc.
93

Anticipated Impact:
Prediction of noise level by using mathematical modeling at different representative

monitoring stations
Impact of vibrations including damage to materials/structures due to blasting
Impact on ambient noise level due to rock excavation, transportation, processing equipments
and ancilliaries.
Measures for noise abatement including point source and line source
Measures to minimize effect by blasting
Lay out planning to minimize the impact on receiving environment
Planned preventive maintenance
Selection of low noise equipment failing which use of retrofit for existing equipment

Anticipated Impact (Flora and Fauna):
Impact on forest resources, economically important plants, medicinal plants and threat to
rare, endemic and endangered species
Impact on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity
Impact on wildlife including avi-fauna
Impact on wildlife habitat and migratory corridors
Impact on flora and fauna due to air emissions, noise, vibration, illumination, vehicular
movement, waste water discharges, changes in land use, township etc.
Measures to compensate the loss of forest coverage
Regeneration of rare and endangered plants of economic importance including medicinal

plants.
Measures for protection and conservation of wildlife species
Green belt and its raising schedule
Progressive afforestation in overburden, reclaimed mined out areas
5.6 Socio- Economic Environment

Anticipated Impact:
Displacement of human settlements during the life of the mine
Positive and negative impacts on present status of livelihood in the area
Impact on the cropping pattern and crop productivity in the buffer zone
Impact on community resources such as grazing land

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Annexures
Rehabilitation and resettlement of land oustees and displaced people
Compensation for loss of land and crops
Training to locals for employment in the project
Employment opportunities and access to other amenities such as education, health care
facilities to be extended to locals
5.7 Mine Wastes

Anticipated Impact:
Impact of runoff from overburden, top soil, low-grade ore and other stock piles on water
bodies (siltation, contamination etc)
Loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat
Impact on surrounding agricultural land
Impact on groundwater quality due to leachate
Sliding of waste dump
Impact of hazardous wastes and liquids
Land reclamation and mine closure plan
Overburden dumps stabilization to minimize impact due to runoff
Overburden utilization for back-filling and other purposes. Simulation model with 5 years
projection with digitized maps
Municipal solid waste management in township
Measures to control runoff from waste dumps and mining surface.
Hazardous waste management as per regulatory guidelines
6.0 Environmental Monitoring Program

In order to focus on environmental management during project implementation and execution
stage, the project proponent is required to spell out detailed plan and should include the following;
Monitoring of quality of water, air, noise, vibration and occupational health status of project
personnel and surrounding habitations.
Planned monitoring program to evaluate the effectiveness of various / specific aspects of

technological / mitigation measures.
Environmental audit of various activities including budgeting and financial management

with reference to environmental management.
Hydrogeological monitoring for the entire mine life and restrictive monitoring during
reclamation.
Plantation monitoring programme to ensure survival and growth rate of plantations.

95
Analysis of data, its interpretation and evaluation (any additional studies to be carried out
if required)
Mine closure plan along with the fund requirement for implementation of the activities
proposed there under.
7.0 Additional Studies

7.1 Public consultation
Public hearing with the issues raised by the public and the response of the project proponent in
tabular form should be discussed
7.2 Risk Assessment (RA) and Disaster Management Plan (DMP)

Mining activities are always associated with risk relating to hazards and accidents. Therefore
risk analysis and risk mitigation should be clearly indicated in the report. This should include the
following:
Identification and type of risk associated with mining (slope failure, subsidence, fly rock
fragments, fires, toxic / hazardous / flammable gas release / explosion, inundation etc.)
Details of safety measures to prevent accident and disaster
Disaster management plan and emergency response system with proper organizational
setup to deal with such situation.
Disaster management plan for safe mining particularly for underground mines where toxic
fumes and other risks are involved.
Occupational health risks

Plan of action for conservation of natural resources and recycle waste materials due to the project
activity in the construction and operational phase of the project is to be discussed. Energy efficiency
measures in the activity are to be drawn up.
7.4 R & R Action Plan

Detailed R & R plan with data on the existing socio-economic status of the population in the
study area and broad plan for resettlement of the displaced population, site for the resettlement
colony, alternative livelihood concerns/employment for the displaced people, civil and housing
amenities being offered, etc and the schedule of the implementation of the project specific R & R
Plan if any is to be given. Details of provisions (capital and recurring) for the project specific R &
R Plan and monitoring mechanism for the implementation of the plan. Details of Corporate Social
Responsibility activities and cost provisions (capital and recurrent per annum over the life of the
project)
8.0 Project Benefits

This section describes the improvements in physical and social infrastructure. It details out the
employment potential and other benefits that are accrued.
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Annexures
9.0 Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis

The environmental cost-benefit analysis is to be taken up if recommended in the scoping stage.
10.0 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

Administrative and technical set up for management of environment
Mechanism of self monitoring for compliance with environmental regulations
Institutional arrangements proposed with other organizations/ Govt. authorities for effective
implementation of proposed environmental management plan
Conservation plan for the endangered / endemic flora and fauna found in the study area
and for safety of animals visiting / residing in the study area and also those in the migratory
corridor.
Integrating in the environmental management plan measures for minimising use of natural
resources water, land, energy etc.
11.0 Summary and Conclusion (Summary EIA)

The summary should be a clear presentation of the finding of critical environmental issues and
their resolutions. Whenever possible, the summary should make use of base maps, tables and
figures. Information should be succinct with meaningful presentations. It must be able to stand
alone as a document. It should necessarily cover the following:
Introduction
Project description and Project benefits
Anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures
Additional studies
Environmental Monitoring Program
Risk Assessment (RA) and Disaster Management Plan (DMP)
12.0 Disclosure of Consultants Engaged

The team of consultants engaged in this project is to be given.
Enclosures
Feasibility Report /Questionnaire / Photos and plate of the Project Site
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Annexure 2
Land Use / Land Cover Classification System

Level -I
Level -II
Level -III
1. Built up land
1.1. Built up land
1.1.1. Urban (towns & cities)
2. Agricultural land
2.1.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
2.2.
2.3.
Crop land
Kharif
Rabi
Double cropped
Fallow
Plantation
2.1.1 Irrigated crop land

2.1.2. Unirrigated crop land
3.1
Evergreen/semi-evergreen 3.1.1. Dense / closed

3.1.2. Open
3. Forest
2.2.1. Fallow
2.3.1. Types of plantation, casuarina,
coconut, tea etc.
3.2. Deciduous
3.3. Degraded scrub land
4. Wastelands
3.4. Forest blank
3.4.1 Degraded forest

3.4.2. Forest blank
3.5. Forest plantation

3.6. Mangrove
3.5.1. Types of plantatin eg. teak, sal etc.
4.1. Salt affected land

4.2. Water logged land
4.3. Marshy / swampy land
4.4. Gullied / ravinous land
4.5. Land with or without scrub
4.6. Sandy area
(coastal & desertic)
Minimum mappable unit IS 2.25 hectares

on 1:50,000 scale
4.7. Barren rocky/stony waste/

sheet rock areas
5. Water bodies
5.1. River / stream

5.2 Lake/reservoir/tank/canal
6. Others
6.1. Shifting cultivation
6.1.1. Current
6.1.2. Old / abandoned
6.2. grassland / grazing land

6.2.1. Grassland / grazing land
6.3. Snow covered/glacial area 6.3.1. Snow covered / glacial area
6.4. Mining area
6.4.1. Mining dumps
Note: Land use / Land cover categories at different levels and corresponding scales for mapping are as
follows:
Level I
categories
1:1000,000 scale
Level II
categories
1:250,000 scale
Level III
categories
1:50,000 scale and 1:25,000 scale

(Sources: Description and classification of land use / land cover : NRSA TR LU & CD 01 90)
98
Annexures
Annexure 3
Sampling, Frequency & Method of

Baseline Environment Monitoring
Attributes
Sampling
A. Air Environment
Network
Meteorological
Wind speed
Wind direction
Maximum
temperature
Minimum
temperature
Relative
humidity
Rainfall
Solar radiation
Cloud cover
Environmental
Lapse Rate
Pollutants
PM (10)
Measurement Method
Frequency
Mechanical/automatic
weather station
Max/Min Thermometer
Hygrometer
1 site in the
project area
1 hourly
continuous
Rain gauge
As per IMD specifications
As per IMD specifications
Nos. of
sampling
location
to be
decided
Remarks
24 hourly
twice a
week
PM (2.5)
@4 hourly.
Twice a
week, One
non
monsoon
season
SO2
8 hourly,
twice a week
IS 5182 Part 1-20

Site specific primary
data is essential
Secondary data
from IMD
Mini Sonde/SODAR
CPCB guidelines
As per CPCB guidelines
Monitoring Network
Minimum one
locations in upwind
side, two sites in
downwind side /
impact zone
All the sensitive
receptors need to be
covered for core
zone and buffer
zone
NOx
Lead in PM
24 hourly,
twice a week
B. Noise
Network
Frequency
Hourly
equivalent
noise levels
Identified
study area
Once in
season
Noise level meter
Peak particle
velocity
150-200m
from blast
site
Once
PPV meter
IS:4954-1968 as
adopted by CPCB
99
Attributes
Sampling
Measurement Method
Remarks
C. Water
Parameters for
water quality
pH,
temperature,
turbidity,
magnesium
hardness, total
alkalinity,
chloride,
sulphate,
nitrate,
fluoride,
sodium,
potassium,
salinity
Samples for water quality

should be collected and
analysed as per :
IS : 2488 (Part 1-5)
methods for sampling and
testing of Industrial
effluents
Standard methods for
examination of water and
wastewater analysis
published by American
Public Health Association.
Set of grab
samples for
ground and
surface
water
Total nitrogen,
total
phosphorus,
DO, BOD, COD
Heavy metals
Total coliforms,
faecal coliforms
Phyto plankton
D. Land
environment
Soil
Organic Matter
Texture
pH
Electrical
conductivity
Permeability
Water holding
capacity
Porosity
Sample from
villages (soil
samples be
collected as
One season
per BIS
specifications)
Collected and analysed

as per soil analysis
reference
Analysis be done as
per BIS specifications
Adopted from: EIA manual 2001, Ministry of Environment and forests, New Delhi
100
Annexures
Annexure 4
Ground Water Estimation

Committee Report (GEC 1997)
Sl. No
Stage of ground Water Development
Category
<65%
Safe
>65% to <85%
Semi-critical
>85% to <100%
Critical
>100%
Over exploited
Source:- Report of Groundwater estimation committee, groundwater resource estimation methodology, 1997, Ministry
of Water Resources, Government of India, New Delhi.
101
Annexure 5
Criteria for Raw Water used for Organized

Community Water Supplies
(Surface and Ground Water) Primary Parameters
Parameters
Range/Limiting Value
Note
Use with
Use after
only
conventional
disinfection treatment
1. pH
6.5 to 8.5
6.0 to 9.0
To ensure prevention of corrosion in

treatment plant and distribution system
and interference in coagulation and
chlorinating.
2. Colour Pt. scale Hz Units
< 10
< 50
Color may not get totally removed

during treatment
3. Suspended Solids mg/l
< 10
< 50
High SS may increase the cost of

treatment.
4. Odour, dilution factor
<3
< 10
May not be tackled during treatment.
90-100
80-120
May imply higher chlorine demand.
6. BOD, mg/l
<3
<5
Same as above.
7. TKN, mg/l
<1
<3
Same as above.
8. Ammonia, mg/l
< 0.05
<1
Same as above.
9. Faecal coliform MPN/

100 ml
< 200
< 2000
Not more than 20% samples show

greater than limit.
10. EC, m/hos/cm
< 2000
< 2000
High conductivity implies dissolved

high solids making water unpalatable.
11. Chloride, mg/l
< 300
< 300
May cause physiological impact and

unpalatable taste.
12. Sulphates, mg/l
< 250
<250
May cause digestive problems
13. Phosphates, mg/l
< 0.7
< 1.0
May interfere with coagulation
14. Nitrate, mg/l
< 50
< 50
May cause methamoplobinemea
15. Fluoride, mg/l
< 1.0
< 1.5
Higher value shall cause fluorosis and

lower value shall carries.
16. Surfactants, mg/l
< 0.2
< 0.2
May impair treatability and cause

foaming.
5. DO, (%saturation)
Additional Parameters for Periodic Monitoring (Seasonal Only to be done when there are known natural
or anthropogenic sources in the upstream catchment region likely or apprehended to contribute or other
well founded apprehensions)
102
Annexures
Parameters
Desirable
Acceptable
Note
Dissolved Iron mg/l

Copper, mg/l
Zinc, mg/l
Arsenic, mg/l
Cadmium, mg/l
Total Chromium, mg/l
Lead, mg/l
Selenium, mg/l
Mercury, mg/l
Phenols, mg/l
Cyanides, mg/l
PAH, mg/l
< 0.3
< 0.01
< 0.001
< 0.05
< 0.05
< 0.01
< 0.005
< 0.001
< 0.05
< 0.0002
< 0.5
< 1.0
< 5.0
< 0.05
< 0.005
< 0.05
< 0.05
< 0.01
<0.0005
< 0.001
< 0.05
< 0.0002
Affect taste and cause stains

May cause live damage
Cause bitter stringent taste
Cause hyperkeratosis & skin cancer
Toxic
Toxic
Physiological abnormality
Toxic symptoms similar to arsenic
Carcinogenic and poisonous
Toxic and cause taste and odour problem
Physiological abnormality
Carcinogenic
Total Pesticides, mg/l
< 0.001
< 0.0025
Trend to bioaccumulates & carcinogenic
(Source: Ecological Impact Assessment Series: EIAS/03/2002-03 Published by CPCB)
Use based classification of surface waters in India

Designated-Best-Use
Drinking Water Source
without conventional
treatment but after
disinfection
Outdoor bathing
(Organized)
Drinking water source after
Class of
Criteria
water
A
1. Total Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml shall be 50
or less
2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5
3. Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more
4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC
2mg/l or less
B
1. Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall
be 500 or less
2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5
4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC
3mg/l or less
C
conventional treatment and

disinfection
Propagation of Wild life and

Fisheries
Irrigation, Industrial Cooling,

Controlled Waste disposal
1. Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall

be 5000 or less
2. pH between 6 to 9
4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/
l or less
1. pH between 6.5 to 8.5
3. Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less
1. pH between 6.0 to 8.5
2. Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro mhos/cm
Max.2250
3. Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26
4. Boron Max. 2mg/l
(Source: Guidelines for Water Quality Management CPCB 2008)

103
Annexure 6
National Ambient Air Quality Standards

S. No
Pollutants
1.
2.
Sulphur Dioxide
4.
5.
Annual*
50
20
Improved west & Gaeke
24 hours**
80
80
Ultraviolet fluorescence
Annual*
40
30
- Modified Jacob &
(NOx), g/m
24 hours**
80
80
Hochhieser (Na-Arsenite)
- Chemiluminescence
Particulate Matter
Annual*
60
60
- Gravimetric
(size less than 10 m) 24 hours**

or PM10, g/m3
100
100
- TOEM
- Beta Attenuation
Particulate Matter or Annual*
40
40
- Gravimetric
(size less than 2.5 m) 24 hours**

PM2.5, g/m3
60
60
- TOEM
- Beta Attenuation
Ozone (O3), g/m3
8 hours**
100
100
- UV Photometric
1 hour**
180
180
- Chemiluminescence
- Chemical method
Annual*
0.50
0.50
- AAS/ICP method after
24 hours**
1.0
1.0
sampling on EPM 2000 or

equivalent filter paper
- ED-XRF using Teflon
filter
8 hours**
02
02
- Non-Dispersive Infra
1 hour**
04
04
Red (NDIR) Spectroscopy
Annual*
100
100
- Chemiluminescence
24 hours**
400
400
Indophenol blue method
Nitrogen Dioxide
3
Lead (Pb), g/m3
Carbon Monoxide
(CO), mg/m
Concentration in Ambient Air

Industrial,
Methods of
Residential, Ecologically
Measurement
Rural and Sensitive Area
Other Areas (notified by
Central
Government)
3.
(SO2), g/m
2
Time
Weighted
Average
Ammonia (NH3),
g/m
6.
Benzene (C6H6),
g/m3
Annual*
05
05
- Gas Chromatography
based continuous analyzer
- Adsorption and
Desorption followed by
GC analysis
10
Benzo(O)Pyrene
Annual*
Particulate phae only,
ng/m3
01
01
- solvent extraction (BaP)

followed by HPLC/GC
analysis
104
Annexures
11
Arsenic (As), ng/m3 Annual*
06
06

12
Nickel (Ni), ng/m3
20
20

Annual*
Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken
twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals.
**
24 hourly or 8 hourly or 1 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be complied with

98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two
consecutive days of monitoring.
Note:
Whenever and wherever monitoring takes place for two corrective days exceeds and the limit as
specified above for the respective category, it shall be considered adequate reason to institute
regular/continuous monitoring for further investigations.
(Source: CPCB notification Dated 18th November 2009)
105
Annexure 7
Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise

Area code
Category of Area
Limits in db (A) Leq

Day time
Night time
Industrial area
75
70
Commercial area
65
55
Residential area
55
45
Silence zone
50
40
Note:
1.
Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.
2.
Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.
3.
Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions,
courts, religious places or any other area, which is declared as such by the competent authority.
4.
Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above-mentioned categories by the
competent authority.
* dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is
relatable to human hearing.
A decibel is a unit in which noise is measured.
A, in dB(A) Leq, denotes the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and corresponds to
frequency response characteristics of the human ear.
Leq: It is an energy mean of the noise level over a specified period.
(Source: Noise pollution (Regulation and control) Rules, 2000)
106
Annexures
Annexure 8
Parameters of Impacts
SL. No.
Parameter of Impact
Description
1.
Type
Positive & Negative
2.
Nature
Direct, Indirect,
3.
Magnitude
Low, Moderate, High
4.
Timing
Short time, Longtime, Intermittent,
5.
Duration
Temporary/Permanent
6.
Reversibility
Revisable/Irreversible
7.
Significance
Local, regional & global
107
Annexure 9
Potential Impact of Mining on Land

Sl. No. Impact
Significance
1.
Site Features
Human habitation in core & buffer zone. If human settlement is high, the impact due to
displacement is significant.
2.
Forest in core and buffer zone
The significance of impact depends on following

Area supporting unique habitat, endemic,
threatened & declining spices.
In case of degraded forest, impact on land
would be less compared to dense forest.
3.
Quantity and characteristics of top soil
Impact is significant
4.
Contour of core zone.
Decides the runoff pattern. Change in

topography and drainage pattern.
5.
Direction of run off in the mine lease

and nearest river and water bodies.
The direction also indicate the type of land area

(Agricultural field etc.) & Magnitude of impact
on land can be assessed.
6.
Erosion Potential and terrain
If the proposed mine is located on hill / hillock &

foothill has human habitation and agricultural
land, the impact is high.
7.
Stripping Ratio
High stripping ratio indicates requirement of

more land for storage of over burden.
8.
Depth of Mine and type of mining
Subsistence / Mine drainage water discharge.
9.
Characteristics of waste and mine

drainage water
If mine waste contains heavy metals, leachate

(acidic mine drainage waste) likely to have
significant impact on land.
108
Annexures
Annexure 10
Potential Impact of Mining on Water Regime

Sl. No. Impact
Significance
1.
Mine in immediate catchment

area of river.
Impact on water regime is high.
2.
Interruption of natural drain
Impact on disturbance in natural drainage is

considered to be high. Realignment for diversion
requires special attention.
3.
Rainfall & contour of mining area
The nearby nallah is likely to experience high

siltation. The contour decide the runoff pattern of
catchment area. Also indicate erosion potential.
All have significant impact on water resources.
4.
Overburden quality and characteristics

of waste
High risk of water pollution if it contains toxic

metal or acidic.
5.
Surface water source
Impact on surface water due to water drawl for

mining and township.
6.
Ground water sources
(a) Mines have significant impact on ground

water resources.
(b) If natural perennial springs are located in
study area, the impact is likely to be high.
7.
Discharge of mine drainage water
Composition of mine drainage water and volume

is considered to estimate the degree of probable
contamination in receiving water body.
9.
Discharge of sewage from township /

offices etc.
The sewage discharge from township & services

have significant impact on water quality.
109
Annexure - 11
General Standards for Discharge of Effluents

S. No Parameter
Standards
Inland surface
water
(a)
Public
sewers
(b)
Land for
irrigation
(c)
Marine coastal
areas
(d)
Color & odour
Suspended solids
mg/l, Max
100
600
200
1. For process waste

water-100
2. For cooling water effluent
10% above total suspended
matter of inffluent
Particle size of
suspended solids
Shall pass 850

Micron IS sieve
1. Floatable solids max. 3 mm

2. Settleable solids max.
850 microns
pH Value
5.5 to 9.0
5.5 to 9.0
5.5 to 9.0
Temperature
Shall not exceed

50 C above the
receiving water
temperature
Shall not exceed 50 C above

the receiving water
temperature
Oil and grease

mg/l Max.
10
20
10
20
Total residual
chlorine mg/l Max.
1.0
1.0
Ammonical Nitrogen
(as N), mg/l Max.
50
50
50
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen

(as NH3), mg/l Max.
100
100
10
Free ammonia
(as NH3), mg/l Max.
5.0
5.0
11
Bio-chemical oxygen
demand (3 days at
270 C), mg/l max.
30
350
100
100
5.5 to 9.0
12
Chemical oxygen
demand, mg/l max.
250
250
13
Arsenic (as As),

mg/l max.
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
14
Mercury (as Hg),

mg/l max.
0.01
0.01
0.01
15
Lead (as Pb),

mg/l max.
0.1
1.0
2.0
16
Cadmium (as Cd),

mg/l max.
2.0
1.0
2.0
110
Annexures
S. No Parameter
Standards
Inland surface
water
(a)
Public
sewers
(b)
Land for
irrigation
(c)
Marine coastal
areas
(d)
17
Hexavalent chromium
(as Cr +6), mg/l max.
0.1
2.0
1.0
18
Total chromium
(as Cr), mg/l max.
2.0
2.0
2.0
19
Copper (as Cu),

mg/l max.
3.0
3.0
3.0
20
Zinc (as Zn),

mg/l max.
5.0
15
15
21
Selenium (as Se),

mg/l max.
0.05
0.05
0.05
22
Nickel (as Ni),

mg/l max.
3.0
3.0
5.0
23
Cyanide (as CN),

mg/l max.
0.2
2.0
0.2
0.2
24
Fluoride (as F),

mg/l max.
2.0
15
15
25
Dissolved phosphates
(as P), mg/l max.
5.0
26
Sulphide (as S),

mg/l max.
2.0
5.0
27
Phenolic compounds
(as C6H5OH), mg/l max.
1.0
5.0
5.0
28
Radio active materials:

a. Alpha emitter
micro curie/ml
10-7
10-7
10-8
10-7
b. Beta emitter micro

curie/ml
10-6
10-6
10-7
10-6
29
Bio-assay test
90% survival
of fish after 96
hours in 100%
effluent
90% survival
of fish after 96
hours in 100%
effluent
90% survival
of fish after 96
hours in 100%
effluent
90% survival of fish after

96 hours in 100% effluent
30
Manganese
(as Mn), mg/l
31
Iron (as Fe), mg/l
32
Vanadium (as V), mg/l
0.2
0.2
0.2
33
Nitrate nitrogen, mg/l
10
20
* All efforts should be made to remove colour and unpleasant odour as far as practicable
- These standards shall be applicable for industries, operations or processes other than those industries, operations
or process for which standards have been specified of the Environment Protection Rules, 1989
Source: G.S.R 422 (E) dated 19.05.1993 and G.S.R 801 (E) dated 31.12.1993 issued under the provisions of E (P) Act 1986
111
Annexure 12
Standards for Iron Ore Mines

Sl. No.
Parameter
Standards
pH
6.0 9.0
Suspended Solids
50 mg/l
200 mg/l - during monsoon
Oil & Grease
10 mg/l
Dissolved iron as Fe
2 mg/l
Manganese as Mn
2 mg/l
Source: CPCB, Effluents discharge standards, Comprehensive industry document on Iron ore mining,
comprehensive industry document series CDINDS / -/ 2007-2008
112
Annexures
Annexure 13
Sources of Air Pollution in Mines

Sl. No. Activities in Mines
Air Pollutants
1.
Drilling
SPM
2.
Blasting
SPM, SO2, NOx
3.
Loading & Unloading
SPM
4.
Haul Road
SPM
5.
Transportation
SPM, SO2, NOx
6.
Crushing of ore
SPM
7.
Waste / Top soil handling
SPM
8.
DG Set
SO2, NOx, SPM
SPM Suspended Particulate Matter

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide,
NOx Oxide of Nitrogen
113
Annexure 14
Factors That Influence Air Pollution Impact

Parameters/Instrument
Existing air quality
SPM, RSPM
Significance or importance
Provide picture of ambient air quality
before mining is initiated.
In case of existing project, indicates
whether air quality has improved,
remain constant or deteriorated over a
period of time.
Wind speed and

direction
Measured by instrument called

anemometer. It an automatic
device installed at 10 meter
above the ground.
Indicates predominant direction in

which pollutant will move.
Helps in designing air quality
monitoring network.
Helps determine the direction and
season during which impact on air will
be maximum.
Helps in planning infrastructure such as
colony.
Health survey
Primary heath survey and

collection
of
secondary
information from the health
department.
Diseases like bronchitis; asthma are

induced by Particulate emission due to
mining activities. Health survey data of
an area would reveal disease prevalent
in the area prior to the proposed mining
activity.
Post surveys would indicate whether
mining activities have induced diseases
or it has remained constant or
deteriorated over a period of time.
Level of
mechanisation
Review the project proposal

such as type of mining,
transportation of material,
storage of mined out material,
proposal for waste storage and
handling,
proposed
management practices for
fugitive dust control
Gives primary sources and intensity of

air pollution
High stripping ratio
It is ratio of quantity of ore

versus waste material.
High stripping ratio means larger

quantity of handling and transportation
of waste materials and will give
indication of potential traffic density
and emissions associated with it.
114
Annexures
Annexure 15
Dust Collection Efficiency based Low, Moderate and

High Dust Capturing Herbs, Shrubs and Trees
Dust Collection
Efficiency
Plant Species
Herbs
Low
<10%
Medium
11 to 20 %
Shrubs
Tees
1. Amaranthus
hypchondriceus
(chaluai)
2. Gardenia
Jasminoides (Crape
Jasmine)
3. Cestrum noctumum
(Rat ki Rani)
4. Chrysanthemum
species
1. Thuja Species (Mayur

Pankhi)
2. Ravuvoifia serpentine
(sepagandha)
3. Withani Somnifera
(Ashawagandha)
4. Acanthus Species
(Acanthus)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. Lilium Species (Lily)
1. Babbusa species (Baboo)

2. Lagerstomia indica
(Crape Myrtle)
3. Nerium Indicum (Kaner
pink)
4. Corium varigetu
(Croton)
5. Thevetia peruviana
(Kaner Yellow)
6. Wrightia arborea
(Dudhi)
7. Rosa Indica (Rose)
8. Ipomea nil (Beshrum)
9. Tabermaemon ana
divaricate (chandani)
10. Acalypha hispide
(Copper leaf)
11. Plumeria acuminate
(Temple tree)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2. Draceana species
3. Halianthus Annus
(Sunflower)
4. Tegetes Patula
(Genda)
5. Pothus areus (Money
plant)
5.
6.
7.
8.
Nyctanthese arbotritis (Harsingar)

Abis Pindrwo (Silver fire)
Accade nelotica (Babool)
Holarrhena antidysentrica
(Kurchi)
Clerodenrum ineme (Glorry bower)
Ficus bengalensis (Banyam)
Miliusa tomentoss (Kari leaves)
Thespesia populania (ran Bhindi)
Luecena leucophloea (Shoe Babol)

Pinus Gerardiana (Chilgoja)
Ficus elastice (Indian Rubber)
Annaona Squamosa (Sugar Apple)
Mangifera Indica (Mango)
Argyreia roxburghira (Wooly
Morning Glorry)
7. Ficus religiosa (peepal)
8. Acacia famesiana (Vilayati Kikkar)
9. Psidium guava (Amrood)
10. Prunus comminis (plums)
11. Syzgium cumuli (Jamun)
12. Tectona grandis (Teak)
13. Citrus lamina (Lemon)
14. Morus alba (Mulberry)
15. Archis sapota (chikoo)
16. Anthosephalus cadamba (kadam)
17. Shorea robusta (sal)
18. Delonix regiosa (Gulmohar)
19. Albizzia lebbek (Siris)
20. Artocarpus integrifolia (Jack fuit)
21. Ixore parviflora (Torch Tree)
22. Bauhinia Vangata (Kanchnar)
23. Moninge Olieifera (Drum Stick)
24. Aegle famesiana (Beal)
25. Pithocolobium dule (Jangali jalabi)
115

Dust Collection
Efficiency
Plant Species
Herbs
High
>20%
1. Colocasia
antiquorum
(Elephants Ear)
2. Celocia Argentie
(Cock scomb)
116
Shrubs
1. Hibiscus rosa sinenesis
(Gurhal)
2. Bougainvillea glavra
(Bougainvillea)
Tees
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Cassia fistula (Amaltas)

Pinus Contora (Pine)
Bombax ceiba (Samal)
Butea monosperma (Palas)
Alstonia Scholaris (Satani)
Azardirachta indice (Neem)
Polyalthia longifolia (Ashoka)
Callistemon citrinus (Bottle brush)
Termanilia catappal (Jangal
Badam)
10. Terminalie arjuna (Arjun)
11. Melia Azedarch (Melia)
12. Phoenix dactylifera (Khajoor)
13. Ficu infectoria (Pikan)
14. Holiptelia integrifolia (papadi)
15. Eucalyptus globules (Blue Gum)
16. Medhuca Indica (Mahua)
17. Citrus maxim (Chaktora)
18. Populous tremuloides (Quacking
aspect)
Annexures
Annexure 16
Air Pollution Control Measures in Mines

Potential sources
of air pollution
Drilling
Magnitude of air pollution

High dust generation
Risk of occupational hazard
Control measures
Wet drilling technology or dry drilling fitted with bag
filter.
Driller shall be equipped with closed cabin personal
protective gear to reduce occupational hazard.
Blasting
High dust generation (Impact

lasts for short period)
By improvising blasting technique and adopting

controlled blasting methods
Water spray prior to blasting
No blasting should be allowed in the areas close to
human habitation Rock breakers should be employed
instead of blasting
Loading of material
on dumper
Air emission
Transportation
High dust potential
Air conditioned cabin for loading operator

Water spray on mineral ore / overburden material prior
to loading.
Both dumper and conveyor transportation. Provision
for automatic water sprinkle system on permanent road
and water spray by tankers on temporary road.
Covering of the material with turpentine in case of long
haulage or in case the road is passing through in close
proximity of habitation
Green belt of trees with good footage on both side of
haul road.
Provision of water spay on the dumper to arrest fine
dust before it is transported to crusher.
Crushing of ore
High potential of dust and

occupational hazard
Automatic water spray in crusher hopper and unloading

point. Suitable enclosure for the conveyor system.
Provision of bag filter in crusher unit
Barrier in form of greenbelt all around in the vicinity of
the crusher to trap fugitive dust.
Storage of ore
High potential and

occupational hazards.
Covered storage yards with greenbelt of adequate width

all around
117
Annexure 17
Permissible Peak Particle Velocity (PPV)

at the foundation level of structures in
mining areas in mm/sec.
Type of Structure
A.
B.
Dominant Excitation Frequency, Hz

<8 Hz
8-25 Hz
>25 Hz
Buildings / Structures not belonging to owner

Domestic houses / structures (Kuchha brick and cement)
10
15
Industrial buildings (RCC and framed structures)
10
20
25
Objects of historical importance and sensitive structures.
10
Domestic houses / structures (Kuchha brick and cement)
10
15
25
Industrial buildings (RCC and framed structures)
15
25
50
Building belonging to owner with limited span of life
Source:- Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS) circular 7 of 1997.
118
Annexures
Annexure 18
Significance of Impact on Biological Environment

Issues
Method of Assessment
Proximity to national park/wildlife

sanctuary/reserve forest/mangroves/
coastline/estuary/sea
Marks are allotted on the basis of proximity (i.e. between 0

to 20 km) to any eco-sensitive area. A scale of 0 to 10 is being
considered - 0 marks indicate very high impact, and 10 marks
indicate low impact. Between 0 and 10 marks, a linear scale
will be used. For instance, if the project is located 5 km away
from an eco-sensitive area, then marks allotted will be 2.5.
Activities of the project affects the

breeding/nesting sites of birds and
animals
Interaction with Forest Department, local villagers and

primary survey of the site.
Located near an area populated by rare

or endangered species
Collection of data from Forest Department, identification of

flora and fauna present in the study area and comparing it
with scheduled listed species and IUCN red data book. Local
stakeholders provide valuable information on species
inventory and provide sound information on environmental
and economic value and medicinal value of species.
Proposed project restricts access to

waterholes for wildlife.
Interaction with forest people and survey of site
Proposed mining project impact surface

water quality that also provide water to
wildlife
Physiochemical estimation of water bodies and monitoring

of aquatic biodiversity are important to understand the water
characteristic and diversity of aquatic sources.
Proposed mining project increase

siltation that would effect nearby
biodiversity area.
If runoffs originate from the site follows the direction of

biodiversity area.
Risk of fall/slip or cause death to wild

animals due to project activities
If mining site is surrounded by forest having diverse wild

animals, there would high risk of drowning/ death to wild
animals in the in the mine pit.
The project release effluents into a water

body that also supplies water to a wildlife
Physiochemical estimation of water bodies of aquatic sources.
Mining project effect the forest based

livelihood/ any specific forest product
on which local livelihood depended
Project likely to effect migration routes
Assessment of forest based livelihood and assessment of

economic importance of forest in term of revenue.
Project likely to effect flora of an area,

which have medicinal value.
Assessment of flora by taxonomist is the best method.

Moreover, local stakeholder input is vital in identifying the
medicinal value of plant species.
Forestland is to be diverted, has carbon

high sequestration
This related with climate change The trees act as carbon sink;
they absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and release oxygen.
Detailed accounting of carbon sink potential of forest should be done.
The project likely to affect wetlands, fish

breeding grounds, marine ecology
Primary survey of area and input from the local stakeholder.
Interaction with forest department and area characteristic

input from the local villagers.
119
Annexure 19
Socio-Economic Impact of Mining

Sl.
SocioEconomic Issues
1.
Human Habitations
Impact Due to Mining

a.
b.
Habitation(s) in core zone

(Displacement)
Habitation(s) in buffer Zone
Significance
Impact is High. Well designed
R & R plans will help in
minimizing adverse impacts.
a. Positive impact because of
better job & business
opportunity
b. Negative impact due to
pollution & displacement of
people
2.
Pollution
a.
b.
c.
d.
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Leachate
Land Degradation
3.
Livelihood
Higher the percentage of landless

people, higher impact on livelihood
4.
Economic Loss
Calculated on the basis of existing

landuse pattern with marks.
Negative.
Depends on the location
of villages.
Positive impact on employment
opportunities
Double Crop Agricultural land 01

Single Crop 2.5
Forest Land 0
Waste Land for grazing 5
Non Productive Waste land 10
Calculation
Percentage double crop x 0 +
percentage of single crop x 2.5 +
percentage of productive waste land
x 5 + percentage of unproductive
wasteland x 10/100
Lower the score, higher will be
economic impact
4.
120
Infrastructure
Better communication, health care,

education facilities
Positive impact
Annexures
Annexure 20
List of critically polluted industrial

cluster/area identified by CPCB
S. No. Critically Polluted Industrial Area and CEPI
Industrial Clusters/Potential Impact Zones
Ankleshwar (Gujarat) CEPI-88.50 (Ac_Wc_Lc)
GIDC Ankleshwar and GIDC, Panoli
Vapi (Gujarat) CEPI-88.09 (Ac_Wc_Lc)
GIDC Vapi
Ghaziabad (Uttar Pardesh) CEPI-87.37 (Ac_Wc_Lc)
Sub-cluster A
Mohan nagar Industrial area
Rajinder nagar Industrial area
Sahibabad Industrial area
Sub-cluster B
Pandav nagar Industrial area
Kavi nagar Industrial area
Bulandshahar Road Industrial area
Amrit nagar
Aryanagar Industrial area
Sub-cluster C
Merrut road Industrial area
Sub-cluster D
Loni Industrial area
Loni Road Industrial area
Roop Nagar Industrial area
Sub-cluster E
Hapur Road Industrial area
Dasna
Phikua
Sub-cluster F (other scattered Industrial areas)
South side of GT road
Kavi Nagar
Tronica city
Anand Nagar
Jindal Nagar
Prakash Nagar
Rural Industrial estate
Chandrapur (Maharashtra) CEPI-83.88 (Ac_Wc_Lc)
Chandrapur (MIDC Chandrapur, Tadali, Ghuggus, Ballapur)
Korba (Chhatisgarh) CEPI-83.00 (Ac_Ws_Lc)
a)
Bhiwadi (Rajassthan)
CEPI-82.91 (Ac_Wc_Ls)
a)
b)
c)
RIICO Industrial areas Phase I to IV

Bhiwadi town
Other surrounding industrial areas: Chopanki, Rampura
Mundana, Khuskhera Phase I to III.
Angul Talcher (Orissa)

CEPI-82.09 (Ac_Wc_Lc)
a)
b)
MCL Coal Mining Area, Angul Talcher region

Industrial Area (60 km x 45 km)
b)
Industrial areas and their townships of NTPC, BALCO, CSEB

(East) & CSEB (West)
Korba town
Following blocks of Angul District:

- Kohina block
- Talcher block
- Angul block
- Chhendipada block
- Banarpal block
And
Odapada block of Dhenkamal District
8
Vellore (North Arcot) (Tamilnadu)

Ranipet, SIPCOST Industrial Complex
Singurauli (Uttar Pradesh)

Sonebhadra (UP)
Dala-Tola
Obra
Renukoot
Anpara
Renusagar
Kakri
Dudhichuwa
Bina
Khadia
Shakti Nagar
Rihand Nagar
Bijpur
Sigrauli (Madhya Pradesh)
Vindhyachal Nagar and Jayant, Nigahi, Dudhichua, Amlohri & Jhingurdah
townships
121

S. No.
Critically Polluted Industrial Area and CEPI
10
Ludhiana (Punjab)
Ludhiana Muncipal limits covering industrial clusters:
Focal Point Along with NH_I_Tota Eight Phase
Industrial Area-B-From Sherpur chowk to Gill road & Gill

road to Miller Kotla road (left Side of Road)
Mixed Industrail Area Right side of Gill road
Industrial area C (near Jugiana Village)
Industrial Area A & Extension: Area between old GT Road

and Ludhiana by pass road
Industrial Estate : Near Dholwal chowk
Mixes Industrial Area (MIA) Miller gunj
MIA-By pass road
Bahdur Industrial Area
Tejpur industrial Complex.
11
Nazafgarh drain basin, Delhi

CEPI-79.54 (As_Wc_Lc)
Industrial areas : Anand Parvat, Naraina, Okhla and Wazirpur
12
NOIDA (Uttar Pradesh)

Territorial jurisdiction of :
Noida Phase - 1
Noida Phase - 2
Noida Phase 3
Surajpur Industrial Area
Greater Noida Industsrial Area
Village-Chhaparaula
13
Dhanbad (Jharkhand)
CEPI-78.63 (Ac_Ws_Lc)
Four blocks of Dhanbad district:
Sadar (Dhanbad Municipality)
Jharia (Jharia Municipality, Sindri Industrial Area)
Govindpur (Govindpur Industrial Estate)
Nirsa
14
Dombivalli (Maharashtra)
CEPI-78.41(Ac_Wc_Ls)
MIDC Phase-I, Phase-II
15
Kanpur (UttarPradesh)
16
Cuddalore (Tamilnadu)
CEPI-77.45 (As_Wc_Lc)
SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Phase I & II
17
Aurangabad (Maharashtra)
MIDC Chikhalthana, midc Waluj, MIDC Shendra, and Paithan Road

industrial area
18
Faridabad (Haryana)
CEPI-77.07 (Ac_Ws_Lc)
19
Agra (Uttar Pradesh)

CEPI-76.48 (As_Wc_Ls)
Nunihai Industraial Estate, Rambag Nagar,

UPSIDC Industrial Area, and Runukata Industrial Area
20
Manali (Tamilnadu)
CEPI-76.32 (Ac_Ws_Ls)
Manali Industrial Area
21
Haldia (West Bengal)

22
Ahmedabad (Gujarat)
5 km wide Strip (17.4 x 5.0 km) of industrial area on the southern side
of the confluence point of Rivers Hugli and Rupnarayan, covering
Haldia Municipa Area & Sutahata Block-I and II
GIDC Odhav
GIDC Naroda
23
Jodhpur (Rajasthan)
24
Greater Coach (Kerala)

Eloor-Edayar Industrail Belt,

Ambala Mogal Industrial areas
25
Mandi Gobind Garh (Punjab) CEPI-75.08 (Ac_Ws_Lc)
Mandi Govindgarh municipal limit and Khanna area
26
Howrah (West Bengal)

CEPI-74.84 (As_Ws_Lc)
27
Vatva (Gujarat)
122
a)
b)
Industrial areas:
Dada Nagar
Panki
Fazalganj
Vijay Nagar
Jajmau
Sector 27 - A, B, C, D
DLF Phase 1, Sector 31, 32
DLF Phase 2, Sector 35
Sector 4, 6, 24, 25, 27, 31, 59
Industrial area Hatin
Industrial Model town Ship
Industrial areas including Basni Areas (Phase-I & II),

Industrial Estate, Light & Heavy industrial areas, industrial
areas behind new Power House, Mandore, Bornada,
Sangariya and Village Tanwda & Salawas.
Jodhpur city
Liluah-Bamangachhi Region, Howrah

Jalah Industrial Complex-1, Howrah
GIDC Vatva, Narol Industrial Area

(Villages Piplaj, Shahwadi, Narol)
Annexures
S. No.
Critically Polluted Industrial Area and CEPI
28
Ib Valley (Orissa)
Ib Valley of Jharsuguda (Industrial and Mining area)
29
Varansi-Mirzapur (Uttar Pradesh)

30
Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra)

TTC Industrial Area, MIDC, Navi Mumbai

(including Blocks-D, C, EL, A, R, General, Kalva)
31
Pali (Rajasthan)
a)
b)
32
Mangalore (Karnataka)
Baikampady Industrial Area
33
Jharsuguda (Orissa)
Ib Valley of Jharsuguda (Industrial and Mining area)
34
Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)

CEPI-72.38 (Ac_Ws_Ln)
SIDCO, Kurichi Industrial Clusters
35
Bhadravati (Karnataka)
CEPI-72.33 (Ac_Ws_Ln)
KSSIDC Industrial Area

Mysore Paper Mill & VISL Township Complex
36
Tarapur (Maharashtra)
MIDC Tarapur
37
Panipat (Haryana)
CEPI-71.91 (As_Ws_sc)
Panipat Municipal limit and its industrial clusters
38
Indore (Madhya Pradesh)

CEPI-71.26 (As_Ws_Ls)
Following 09 industrial areas:
Sanwer Road
Shivaji Nagar
Pologround
Laxmibai Nagar
Scheme No. 71
Naviakha,
Pipliya
Palda
Rau
Indore city
Other surrounding industrial areas : Manglia, Rajoda,

Barlal, Asrawad, Tejpur Gadwadi
39
Bhavnagar (Gujarat)
GIDC Chitra, Bhavnagar
40
Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh)

Bowl area
(the area between Yarada hill range in the south to Simhachalam hill
range in the north and sea on the east and the present NH-5 in the
West direcdtion)
41
Junagarh (Gujarat)
Industrial Areas:
Sabalpur
Jay Bhavani
Jay Bhuvneshwari
GIDC Junagarh (I&II)
42
Asansole (West Bengal)

Burnpur area surrounding IISCO
43
Patancheru- -Bollaram
(Andhra Pradesh)
Industrial Area:
Patancheru
Bollaram
Industrial Estate, Mirzapur

Chunar
Industrial Estate, Chandpur Varanasi
UPSIC, Industrial Estate, Phoolpur
Industrial Area, Ramnagar, Chandaull
Existing industrial areas: Mandia Road, Puniyata Road, Sumerpur

Pali town
Note: Names of identified industrial clusters/ potential impact zones are approximate location based on rapid survey and
assessment and may alter partially subject to the detailed field study and monitoring. Detailed mapping will be made available
showing spatial boundaries of the identified industrial clusters including zone of influence/buffer zone, after in depth field
study.
Aggregated Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI) scores of 70 and above are considered as critically polluted
industrial clusters/ areas.
Source: Ecological Impact Assessment Series: EIAS/5/2009-10
Details of Critically Polluted Industrial Areas and Clusters/ Potential Impact Zone in terms of the Office
Memorandum no. J-11013/5/2010-IA.II(I) dated 13.1.2010
123
Annexure 21
Guidance for assessment relevance and reliability of

analytical methods and framework used for impact
prediction: risk assessment
Relevance
Name
Application
EFFECT
Consequence Analysis for Visualisation

of accidental chemical release scenarios
& its consequence
& its consequence
Heat load, pressure wave &

toxic release exposure neutral
gas dispersion
HEGADIS

& its consequence
Dense gas dispersion
HAZOP and Fault

Tree Assessment
For estimating top event probability
Failure frequency data is

required
Pathway reliability
and protective system
hazard analysis
For estimating reliability of equipment

and protective systems
Markov models
Vulnerability
Exposure models
Estimation of population exposure
Uses probit equation for

population exposure
F-X and F-N curves
Individual / Societal risks
Graphical Representation
WHAZAN
Remarks
Source: - http://envfor.nic.in/dimensions/iass/eia.annexure10.html EIA manual, 2001
124
QUESTIONNAIRE
Questionnaire
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL OF

MINING OF MINERALS PROJECTS
Note 1: All information to be given in the form of Annexures should be properly numbered
and form part o this proforma
Note 2: No abbreviations to be used Not available or not applicable should be clearly
mentioned
I.
General Information
1.1
Name of the Project
(a)
Name of the proponent
Mailing Address
E-mail
Telephone
Fax No.
(b)
Location of mine (s)
Village(s)
(c)
(d)
Tehsil
District
State
Does the proposal relate to

(i)
New mine
Yes
No
(ii)
Expansion
Yes
No
Increase in ML area
Yes
No
Increase in annual production
Yes
No
(iii) Renewal of ML
Yes
No
Modernisation
Yes
No
125
(e)
Site Information
(i)
(ii)
1.2
Geographical Location
Latitude
Longitude
Survey of India Topo sheet number
Elevation above Mean Sea Level
Total mining lease area (in ha.)
Dominant nature of terrain

Flat
Yes
No
Undulated
Yes
No
Hilly
Yes
No
Environmental sensitivity details within 10 km from the boundary of the project for
applicability of General Condition (GC) as per EIA notification dated 14.9.2006 and
amendments as on date
S.No
Item
Name
Protected areas notified under the

wild life (Protection) Act, 1972
Critically polluted areas as

identified by the CPCB
Eco-sensitive areas as notified

under section 3 of the E (P) Act 1986
Inter-state boundaries and

126
Aerial Distance (in Km)
Questionnaire
1.3 Environmental sensitivity areas as mentioned at column 9(III) of EIA Notification 2006
S.
No
Areas
Name/
Identity
Areas protected under international conventions,

national or local legislation for their ecological,
landscape, cultural or other related value
Areas which are important or sensitive for

ecological reasons - Wetlands, watercourses or
other water bodies, coastal zone, biospheres,
mountains, forests
Areas used by protected, important or sensitive

species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting,
resting, migration etc.,
Inland, coastal, marine or underground waters
State, National boundaries
Routes or facilities used by the public for access to

recreation or other tourist, pilgrim areas
Defense installations
Densely populated for built-up area
Areas occupied by sensitive man-made land uses

(hospitals, schools, places of worship, community
facilities)
10
Areas containing important, high quality or scarce

resources (ground water resources, surface
resources, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism,
minerals)
11
Areas already subjected to pollution or

environmental damage (those where existing
legal environmental standards are exceeded)
Areas susceptible to natural hazard which could
cause the project to present environmental problems
(earthquakes, subsidence, land slides, erosion,
flooding or extreme or adverse climatic conditions)
12
Aerial distance (within

15 km) proposed project
location boundary
* 0.5 km from Railway lines/National / State Highway should be maintained
1.4 For projects falling within the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)
Whether the mineral to be mined is of rare
nature and not available outside CRZ?
Yes
No
if yes, annex a scaled location map showing low tide line (LTL), high tide line (HTL) duly
demarcated by one of the authorized agencies* [ *Director, Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad:
Centre for Earth Sciences Studies, Thiruvananthapuram: Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna
University, Chennai: Institute of Wetland Management & Ecological Designs, KolKata: Naval
Hydrographerss Office, Dehradun: National Institute of Oceanography, Panjim, Goa: and
National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai], boundary of mining lease area, distance of
ML area from LTL and HTL CRZ boundary and CRZ classification of the project area as per the
approved Coastal Zone Management Plan, and settlements, sand dunes, mangroves, forest land/
patches, turtles breeding and nesting sites etc., if any, in the project area.
127
Description of the flora/vegetation in the project area
Description of fauna (non-domesticated) in the project area
1.5
Baseline data
Meteorological data
Ambient air quality data
Water quality data
Human Settlement
With in the project site
Population*
No. of villages
Number of households village-wise
128
Questionnaire
1.6 Current land use of the proposed project site Area(in ha) :
Level I
1. Built up land
2. Agricultural land
3. Forest
4. Wastelands
5. Water bodies
6. Others
Total
2.0 Indicate the seismic zone in which ML area falls. In case of zone IV & V,
details of earth quakes in last 10 years.
(a)
Severity (Richter Scale)
(b)
Impact i.e. Damage to

Life
Yes
No
Property
Yes
No
Existing mine
Yes
No
129
130
Storage for top soil
Overburden / Dumps
Mineral storage
Infrastructure (Workshop,
Administrative Building)
Roads
Railways
Green Belt
Tailings pond
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
TOTAL
13. Other (Specify)
12. Township area
11. Coal handling plant /

mineral separation plant
10. Effluent treatment plant
Area to be excavated
Purpose
Forest
Others
Government
Agri.
Others
Private
Mining Lease Area
Total
Private
Government
Agri. Others
Private
Area to be acquired
Forest Others Agri. Others Forest Others
Government
Area acquired
Break-up of mining lease area (in ha.) as per approved conceptual plan:
1.
3.0.
Questionnaire
4.0 Township (outside mining lease)

(a)
Total area (in ha)
(b)
No. of dwelling units
(c)
Distance from mine site
5.0 Details of mineral reserves (as per approved Mining Plan)

Quantity (in million tonnes)
(a)
Proved
(b)
Indicated
(c)
Inferred
(d)
Mineable reserves
6.0 Major geological formation / disturbances in the mining lease area

(a)
Geological maps submitted
Yes
No
(b)
Geological sections submitted
Yes
No
(c)
Contour map submitted
Yes
No
(d)
Whether the presence, if any,

noted of
(i)
Faults
Yes
No
(ii)
Dykes
Yes
No
(iii) Shear Zone
Yes
No
(iv) Folds
Yes
No
(v)
Other weak zones
Yes
No
(e)
Source of data (Indicate)
131
7. 0 Production of mineral(s) and life of mine

(a) Rated capacity of mine mineral wise (Tonnes / annum)
(b) Life of mine at proposed capacity (Years)
(c) Lease period (Years)
(d) Date of expiry of lease (D /M /Y)
(e) Indicate in case of existing mines
(i)
Date of opening of mine
(ii)
Production in the last 5 years
1st year
5th year
from year to year

in million tonnes.
6th to 10th year
(iii) Projected production for the next

5 years from year to year
..in million tonnes.
(iv) Whether mining was suspended after
No
Yes
opening of the mine?

If yes, details thereof including last
production figure and reason for the same.
(f)
Whether plans & sections provided?
No
Yes
8.0 Type and method of mining operations

TYPE
132
METHOD
Opencast
Manual
Underground
Semi-mechanised
Both
Mechanised
Questionnaire
9.0 Details of ancillary operations for mineral processing

(a)
Existing
(a)
Additional
10.0 Mine details

(a)
Opencast mine
(i)
Stripping ratio (mineral in tonnes to over burden in m3)
(ii) Ultimate working depth (in m bgl)

(iii) Indicate present working depth in case of
existing mine (in m bgl)
(iv) Thickness of top soil (in m.)
(v)
Minimum
Maximum
Average
Thickness of overburden (in m.)

Minimum
Maximum
Average
(vi) Mining Plan

Height and width of the bench in

overburden / waste.
Height & width of the bench in ore body /

coal seam.
Proposed inclination / slope of the sides of the

opencast mine (separately for overburden,
coal / ore and overall slope of the pit sides)
both while operating the mine as well as at
the time of closure of the mine.
Whether transverse sections across the
Yes
No
opencast mine at the end of fifth year

and at the end of the life of the mine
have been submitted?
(vii) Type of blasting, if any, to be adopted.
133
(b)
Underground mine
(i) Seam / Ore body Min.Depth (m) Max. Depth (m) Avg. thickness (m)
Rate of dip
in degree
(ii)
Direction of dip
Mode of entry into the mine

Shaft
Adit
Incline
(iii) Details of machinery

On surface
At Face
For transportation
Others
(iv) Method of stoping (metalliferrous mines)
(v)
Open
Filled
Shrinkage
Caving
Combination of above
Others (Specify)
Extraction method
Caving
Stowing
Partial extraction
(vi) Subsidence
134
Predicted max. subsidence (in m)
Questionnaire
Max. value of tensile strain

(in mm/m)
Max. slope change (in mm/m)
Whether identified possible subsidence

area (s) superimposed on Surface
Plan has been submitted?
Yes
No
plan submitted?
Yes
No
Do you propose any modification /
Yes
No
Major impacts on surface features like

natural drainage pattern, houses,
buildings, water bodies, roads, forest,
etc.
Salient features of subsidence

management (monitoring and control).
11.0 Surface drainage pattern at mine site

(a)
(b)
Whether the pre-mining surface drainage
diversion in the existing natural

drainage pattern at any stage? If yes,
when. Provide location map
indicating contours, dimensions of
water body to be diverted, direction
of flow of water and proposed route /
changes, if any i.e. realignment of river
/ nallah / any other water body
falling within core zone and its impact.
12.0 Embankment and / or weir construction

(a)
Do you propose, at any stage, construction of

(i)
Embankment for protection against flood?
Yes
No
(ii)
Weir for water storage for the mine?
Yes
No
(b)
If so, provide details thereof.
(c)
Impact of embankment on HFL and settlement

around.
(d)
Impact of weir on down stream users of water.

135
13.0 Vehicular traffic density (outside the ML area)

Type of vehicles
(a)
Existing
(b)
After the proposed activity
(c)
Whether the existing road network is adequate?
No. of vehicles per day
Yes
No
If no, provide details of alternative proposal?
14.0 Loading, transportation and unloading of mineral and waste rocks on

surface:
(a)
Manual
Yes
No
(b)
Tubs, mine cars, etc.
Yes
No
(c)
Scraper, shovels, dumpers / trucks.
Yes
No
(d)
Conveyors (belt, chain, etc.)
Yes
No
(e)
Others (specify).
Yes
No
15.0 Mineral(s) transportation outside the ML area

Qty. (in TPD)
136
(a)
Road
(b)
Rail
(c)
Conveyors
(d)
Rope way
(e)
Water ways
(f)
Pipeline
(g)
Others (Specify)
Percentage (%)
Length (in km)
Questionnaire
16.0 Water requirement (m3/day)

Purpose
Avg. Demand
Peak Demand
A. Mine site
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Mine operation
Land reclamation
Dust suppression
Drinking
Green Belt
Beneficiation
Washeries
Fire Service
Others (specify)
B. Township
1. Green Belt
2. Domestic
3. Other (specify)
Total
17.0 Source of water supply*

S. No.
m3/day
Source
River (name)
Ground water
Mine water (sump / pit)
Other surface water bodies (specify)
[*Annex a copy of sanction letter / permission from the concerned authority (Central
Ground Water Authority in case of ground water abstraction is from notified area / State
Ground Water Board in case of non-notified area / State Irrigation Department for surface
water pumping) for drawing water.]
18.0 Lean season flow in case of pumping from river / nalla (cumecs)
19.0 Ground water potential of the study area
19.1. Ground water availability
(a)
Range of water table (m bgl)
(i)
Pre-monsoon (April/May)
Core Zone
Buffer zone
137
(ii)
(b)
Post-monsoon (November)
Core Zone
Buffer zone
Total annual replenishable recharge (million m3/ year)

By ground water table fluctuation method
(c)
By rainfall infiltration factor method

Annual draft excluding estimated draft through
(d)
mine discharge (million m3/ year)

Estimated draft through mine discharge
(e)
(million m3/ year)

Net annual ground water availability
(million m3/ year)
(f)
Stage of ground water development in %
19.2 Water demand - Competing users of the water source

S. No.
Usage
Present Consumption
(m3/day)
Surface
1.
Domestic
2.
Irrigation
3.
Industry
Mining
Others (specify)
Ground
Additional
proposed as
per local plan
Surface Ground
Total
20.0 Waste Water Management

Mine
(a)
Daily average discharge (m3/day) from different sources

(i)
(ii)
Mine water discharge during

Lean period
Monsoon period
Workshop
(iii) Domestic (mine site)

(iv) Beneficiation / Washeries
138
Total
(m3/day)
Surface Ground
Questionnaire
(v)
Coal Handling Plant
(vi) Tailings pond

(vii) Others (Specify)
Total
(b)
Waste water treatment plant; flow

sheet for treatment process attached.
(c)
Yes
No
Quantity of water recycled / reused /

to be recycled in
(d)
(i)
Percentage
(ii)
m3 /day
Point of final discharge

Quantity discharged (in m3/day)
Final Point
1.
Surface
(i) Agricultural land
(ii) Waste land
(iii) Forest land
(iv) Green belt
2.
River / nallah
3.
Lake
4.
Sea
5.
Others (specify)
Total
(e)
Users of discharge water

(i)
Human
Yes
No
(ii)
Livestock
Yes
No
(iii) Irrigation
Yes
No
(iv) Industry
Yes
No
(v)
(f)
Others (specify)
Details of the river / nalla, if final effluent is / will be discharged (cumecs)

(i)
Average flow rate
(ii)
Lean season flow rate
139
(iii) Aquatic life

(iv) Analysis of river water 100 meters
Yes
No
Yes
No
upstream and 100 meters downstream

of discharge point submitted.
Township
(a)
Waste water generation from

township (m3/day)
(b)
Are you planning to provide sewage

treatment plant?
(c)
Usage of treated water
21.0 Attach water balance statement in the form of a flow diagram indicating
source (s), consumption (Section-wise) and output.
22.0 Solid Waste
(a)
Top soil and Solid waste quantity and quality

Name
(Lump/fines/slurry/
Sludge/others)
Composition
Quantity
(m3/month)
Method of disposal
Mining activity*
a. Top Soil
b. Over burden
c. Others (specify)
Effluent Treatment
Plant (sludge)
Total
[* Annex layout plan indicating the dump sites.]
(b)
(i)
Does waste (s) contain any hazardous/

toxic substance/ radioactive materials or
Yes
No
Yes
No
heavy metals?
(ii)
If yes, whether details and

precautionary measures provided?
(c)
Recovery and recycling possibilities.
(d)
Possible user(s) of the solid waste.
140
Questionnaire
(e)
(i)
Is the solid waste suitable for

backfilling?
(ii)
Yes
No
If yes, when do you propose

to start backfilling.
(in million m3)
Solid waste (s)
Already
accumulated
(A)
To be generated
(B)
% of A & B to be
backfilled
A
B
Over burden
Others (specify)
Land reclamation Plan
(f)
In case waste is to be dumped on the ground, indicate

(i)
Associated environmental problems
(ii)
Number & type of waste dumps

No. of external dumps
Max. projected height of dumps (in m)
No. of terraces and height of each stage
Overall slope of the dump (degree)
Proposed reclamation measures
(iii) Section of the waste dump in relation

to the adjacent ground profile attached.
Yes
No
23.0 Fuel / Energy requirements*

[*To be furnished for mines having ML area more than 25 ha. or captive power generation
of 500KVA and above]
(a)
Total power requirement

S. No.
(in MW)
Mine Site
Present
Proposed /
additional
Township
Others (specify)
Total
Total
141
(b)
Source of power
(in MW)
S. No.
SEB/Grid*
Present
Proposed
Captive power plant
DG Sets
Total
[* Annex a copy of the sanction letter from the concerned authority]
(c)
Details of fuels
S.No.
Fuel
Daily Consumption
(TPD)
Existing
1.
HSD
2.
LSHS
3.
Other
(specify)
Calorific value
(Kcals/kg)
% Ash
% Sulphur
Proposed
24.0 Storage of inflammable / explosive materials

S. No.
Name
1.
Fuels
2.
Explosives
Number of
Storages
Consumption
(in TPD)
Maximum Quantity
at any point of time
25.0 Human Settlement

Core Zone
Population*
No. of villages
Number of households
village-wise
[* As per 2001 census record or actual survey]
142
Buffer Zone
Questionnaire
26.0 Lease -wise plantation details

(a)
Lease area (in ha.)

(i)
Area broken up
(ii)
To be broken up
Existing mine
New mine
(iii) Area not to be broken-up

(b)
Township area (in ha.)
(c)
Area afforested and proposed (in ha.)

Peripheral
(d)
(i)
Existing
(ii)
Proposed
Dumps
Roads
Township
Others
No. and type of trees planted and proposed

(i)
Existing
When plantation was started?
Month / Year
No.of plant species planted
Survival rate %
(ii)
Number saplings (per ha.)
Avg. height
Proposed
No.of plant species planted
Number saplings (per ha.)
27.0 Environmental health and safety

(a)
What major health and safety hazards are anticipated?
(b)
What provisions have been made/proposed to be

made to conform to health and safety requirements?
143
(c)
In case of an existing mine

(i)
Comprehensive report on health status

of the workers as under the Mines Act annexed.
(ii)
Yes
No
Mineralogical composition of RPM (dust)

Free silica
Chromium* (Total as well as Hexavalent)
Lead**
[* Only for Chromite mines]

[**Only for Base Metal mines]
(d)
Information on radiation protection measures, if applicable.
28.0 Environmental Management Plan

a. Details of Pollution Control Systems:
Existing
Proposed
Air
Water
Noise
Solid Waste
b. Expenditure on environmental measures:
S. No
Capital cost
Existing
Pollution control
(provide break-up
separately)
Pollution monitoring
(provide break-up
separately)
Fire fighting &

emergency handling
Green Belt
Training in the area

of environment &
occupational health
Others (specify)
144
Proposed
Annual recurring cost

Existing
Proposed
Questionnaire
c. Details of organizational set up/cell for environmental management and monitoring:
d. Details of community welfare/peripheral development programmes envisaged/being

undertaken by the project proponent:
29. Mine closure

(a)
Have you planned mine closure?
Yes
No
(b)
Submitted a conceptual mine
Yes
No
closure plan.
(c)
If yes, indicate estimated amount for

implementing the same (in Rs. Lakhs
30. Amount earmarked for socio-economic welfare measures for the nearby
villages other than R&R plans.
31. Compliance with environmental safeguards (for existing units)
a.
Status of the compliance of conditions of Environmental
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Clearance issued by MoEF, if any enclosed

b.
Status of compliance of Consent to Operate issued by

SPCB, if any, enclosed
c.
Latest Environmental Statement enclosed
32. Public Hearing

(a)
Date of Advertisement
(b)
Newspapers in which the advertisement appeared
(c)
Date of public hearing (DD/MM/YYYY)
145
(d)
Public Hearing Panel chaired by & members present
(e)
No. of people attended the public hearing meeting

and number of people from the lease area.
(f)
Summary/details of public hearing in tabular form.
Issues raised by the

Public
Response/Commitment of
Project Proponents
Suggestions made by
the Public Hearing Panel
Date ...................................
Name and Signature of the Competent Officer/authority
E-mail:
Phone and Fax nos:
Given under the seal of organization on behalf of whom the applicant is signing
Note:
The project authorities are earnestly advised in their own interest to provide complete information
on points, which they think are relevant to their proposal. Non-supply of required information
may result in considerable delay in according environmental clearance.
All correspondence with MoEF shall be made by the authorized signatory only. The authorized
signatory should also submit a document in support of his claim of being an authorized signatory
for the specific project (refer notification No. SO. 3067 (E) dated 1st December 2009)
146

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EIA GUIDANCE MANUAL - MINING OF MINERALS

Ministry of Environment & Forests

Environmental Impact Assessment Guidance Manual

Administrative Staff College of India

Leadership through Learning

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA

EIA Guidance Manual Mining of Minerals

Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Environmental Monitoring Program

Chapter 10 Summary and conclusions

Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

EIA Guidance Manual Mining of Minerals

Dr. Nalini Bhat

Chairman, Core Committee &

Chairman, Peer Committee II

Project Coordination Team

Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

EIA Guidance Manual Mining of Minerals

Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

Administrative Staff College of India

Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

EIA Guidance Manual Mining of Minerals

Number of reporting mines in the country 2007 / 2008

Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

Terms of Reference (TOR) for Environmental

Land Use / Land Cover Classification System

Sampling, Frequency & Method of Baseline Environment

Ground Water Estimation Committee Report (GEC 1997)

Criteria for Raw Water used for Organized Community

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise

Potential Impact of Mining on Land

Potential Impact of Mining on Water Regime

General Standards for Discharge of Effluents

Standards for Iron Ore Mines

Sources of Air Pollution in Mines

Factors That Influence Air Pollution Impact

Dust Collection Efficiency based Low, Moderate and

Air Pollution Control Measures in Mines

Permissible Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) at the foundation

Significance of Impact on Biological Environment

Socio-Economic Impact of Mining

List of critically polluted industrial

Guidance for assessment relevance and reliability of

Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

EIA Guidance Manual Mining of Minerals

Sequence of main mining operations in surface

Prior Environmental clearance process for category

Prior Environmental clearance process for

Emission Sources in Mining

Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

ABOUT THE MANUAL

EIA Guidance Manual Mining of Minerals

Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

1.1 General Information on Mining of Minerals

EIA Guidance Manual Mining of Minerals