Matrix Converters

Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585
AENSI Journals
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

ISSN:1991-8178
Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com
Performance Evaluation of Sparse Matrix Converters

1
Natarajan Rajavel, 2Baskaran Balasubramaniyan, 3Irusapparajan Ganapathy
Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
3
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mailam Engineering College, Villupuram 604 704, Tamil Nadu, India.
1
2
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received 2 March 2014
Received in revised form
13 May 2014
Accepted 28 May 2014
Available online 23 June 2014
Keywords:
AC-DC-AC
conversion,
Indirect
Matrix Converter, Space Vector Pulse
Width Modulation, Total Harmonic
Distortion.
ABSTRACT
A matrix converter is used as an alternative ACDC-AC power converter that has
received wide research concentration as an alternative scheme to fixed ACDCAC
converter. To convert the energy from an AC source to an AC load without the need of
bulky and limited-lifetime energy-storage elements matrix converters are preferred.
This paper presents a simulation of different topologies of the indirect matrix converter
under different load conditions driven by space vector PWM technology. The purpose
of proposed work is to evaluate the performance of the different indirect matrix
converter based on voltage and current harmonics generated at the load end. The effect
of harmonics on load voltage and current are analysed using space vector pulse width
modulation scheme. The simulations were carried out for sparse, very sparse and ultrasparse indirect matrix converters for R, RL and motor loads. The performances of
indirect matrix converter output voltage, current and THD are analysed and verified
using Matlab/Simulink.
2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved.

To Cite This Article: Natarajan Rajavel, Baskaran Balasubramaniyan, Irusapparajan Ganapathy., Performance Evaluation of Sparse Matrix
Converters. Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 8(10): 572-585, 2014
INTRODUCTION
In recent researches for direct frequency conversion technique focus is made on using a matrix converter
(MC). The main reason for the interest in MCs is that it provides a compact solution for a four quadrant
frequency converter producing sinusoidal input and output currents without passive components in dc link. The
absence of dc link also has its disadvantages: input and output disturbances are not filtered and additional
commutation strategies are needed to avoid a short circuiting of the supply voltage or open circuiting of the load
current path (P. W. Wheeler, 2002). The IMC offers the same benefits and disadvantages as the DMC, but it
also provides an option to reduce the number of switches of the line bridge to three if no bidirectional power
flow is needed (J. W. Kolar, 2007 and L. Wei, 2002). Safe commutation and semiconductor devices produce
voltage variation in converter output voltage. In sensor fewer motor drives this is a disadvantage especially in
the low speed region and needs to be compensated (A. R. Munioz, 1999, J. Holtz, 2002 and K. B. Lee, 2004).
To develop suitable compensation methods the construction and effectiveness of the used converter have to be
known.
The nonlinear models of voltage source inverters have been widely studied, e.g. in (A. R. Munioz, 1999, J.
Holtz, 2002) and some study has also been done on a direct matrix converter in (K. B. Lee, 2004), but so far no
model has been presented for indirect matrix converter. This paper presents the voltage transfer characteristics
analysis of the IMC in space-vector form. The analysis is also confirmed in measurements and simulations.
Figure.1 shows the schematic representation of AC/AC converter. Researches on the indirect matrix converter
has mainly focused on modulation schemes and the digital generation of the PWM switching patterns (P. W.
Wheeler, 2002, L. Helle, 2004 and C. Klumpner, 2006). The derivation of alternative topologies that exhibit
identical functionality but utilize a reduced number of unipolar turnoff power semiconductors has not received
much attention. The proposed scheme focuses on switching technology for different structures of the indirect
matrix converter.
Corresponding Author: Natarajan Rajavel, Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai
University, Annamalai nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Phone: +91-9944581444, E-mail: [email protected].
573
Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014

AC/AC Converter
Converter
with DC link
AC/DC
DC/AC
converter
with
voltage
DC link
Hybrid Matrix
Converter (HMC)
AC/DC
DC/AC
converter
with
current
DC link
Hybrid
Direct
MC
Matrix Converter
Indirect
Matrix Converter
(IMC)
Direct
Matrix Converter
(DMC)
Hybrid
Indirect
MC
Conventional
Matrix
Converter
Full bridge
Matrix
Converter
AC/DC
DC/AC
converter
without
DC link
capacitor
Sparse Matrix
Converter
Sparse
Very Sparse
Ultra Sparse
Three level
Matrix
Converter
Fig. 1: schematic representation of AC/AC converter
THREE PHASE GRID
Indirect Matrix Converter:

The indirect matrix converter (IMC) has received considerable attention as it provides a good alternative to
double-sided PWM voltage source rectifier-inverter having the advantage of being a two stage converter with
six bidirectional switches and six unidirectional switches for three phase to three phase conversion and inherent
bidirectional power flow, sinusoidal input/output waveforms with modulate switching frequency, the possibility
of compact design due to the absence of dc-link reactive components and controllable input power factor
independent of output load current. The main disadvantages of the matrix converter are the inherent restriction
of the voltage transfer ratio (0.866), more complex control and protection strategy.
The direct AC-DC-AC matrix converter topology has a trouble less structure and it includes several
attractive features; but the complexity of its conventional PWM control strategy and the commutation problem
prevent it from being used in industry. An alternative approach to overcome these failures is proposed (L. Wei,
2001, C.Klumpner, 2001 and J. Youm, 1999). It is a two -stage converter topology known as an indirect matrix
converter. This topology is similar to the conventional inverter -based converter topology without any reactive
DC-link energy storage components for the intermediate imaginary DC -link bus. A block diagram of the
indirect matrix converter topology is shown in Figure.2.
DC - Link
AC
DC
Motor
DC
AC
Three Phase
output
Fig. 2: Indirect matrix converter topology block diagram feeding to an AC -Load

All the desired features of the direct matrix converter topology, such as sinusoidal input current and
sinusoidal output voltage, four -quadrant operation, unity power factor, elimination of DC-storage elements are
achieved by this indirect matrix converter topology. In addition, this topology simplifies the complexity of the
conventional PWM control strategy, and overcomes the commutation problems of the previous topology.
A. Sparse Matrix Converter:
This Sparse Matrix Converter topology consists 15 transistors and 18 diodes. It will produce the identical
functionality when compared with direct matrix converter, with a reduced number of power switches. To
provide a lower control complexity, higher safety and reliability it employs an improved Zero DC-link current
commutation in this scheme. Figure.3 shows the circuit diagram of Sparse Matrix Converter.
574

i
a
A
b
B
u
Fig. 3: Sparse Matrix Converter

B. Very Sparse Matrix Converter:
The Characteristics of Very Sparse Matrix Converter topology includes 12 Transistors and 30 Diodes.
There is no limitation in functionality compared with the Direct Matrix Converter and Sparse Matrix Converter.
When compared to the Sparse Matrix Converter it uses a reduced number of transistors but increases the
conduction losses due to more diodes in the conduction paths. Figure.4 shows the circuit diagram of Very
Sparse Matrix Converter.
i
A
B
C
Fig. 4: Very Sparse Matrix Converter

C. Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter:
Figure.5 shows the circuit diagram of Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter. The Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter
topologies consists of 9 Transistors, 18 Diodes. The main aim of this converter is to reduce the number of
components. The significant limitation of this converter compared with the Sparse Matrix Converter is the
constraint of its maximum phase displacement between the input voltage and the input current which is
restricted up to 30.
i
a
u
b
A
B
C
Fig. 5: Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter

Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation:
PWM strategies are applied to generate acceptable input and output waveforms. Different switching
strategies yield distinctive performances, which may be applied in industry. Several switching modulations are
available for matrix converters. In this paper, space vector modulation (SVM) is chosen to satisfy the objectives
of the design. It is very critical to analyze each of these features in order to match industry demand. SVM
switching pattern brings higher dynamic performance and variable modulation index m a to the converter.
Space Vector Modulation (SVM) is one of the vector approaches to PWM technique for three phase
inverters. It is the most advanced technique to generate AC signal which produces a high voltage to the motor
575

load with lower total harmonic distortion. In this Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) method, the reference signal is
sampled regularly. After sampling each signal the non-zero active switching vectors are adjacent to the
reference vector. For variable frequency drive application this is the best technique to implement and provides
better results. This is an advanced; computation intensive PWM method. Every switching state can be
represented as a vector in the converters - Space vector plane. The three phase currents can be transformed
into two phase currents in - Plane as represented below. Figure.6 show the space vector pulse generation of
proposed Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC).
1 1
i ( t ) 2 1 2
2
i (t )
3 3
3 0
2
2
i a ( t )
i ( t )
b
i c ( t )
(1)
S1
2
1
0
-1
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
S2
2
1
0
-1
S3
2
1
0
-1
S4
2
1
0
-1
S5
2
1
0
-1
S6
2
1
0
-1
Time in sec
Fig. 6: Space vector pulse generation of proposed IMC
Vinabc, V
a abc, V a
V
0
in
0
500
0
-500
Vinabc, V0a
5000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
-500
48000
480
-500
VDCV
DC
(a)
500
430 0
0.002
430
480
380
VDC
0
380
430
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
Time0.01
in sec
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
1.5
(b)
1.5
380
11
0.002
0.018
0.02
S1
S1
S1
1.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
-0.5
-0.500
0
-0.5
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
Time0.01in sec
Time in sec
(c)
Fig. 7: Indirect matrix converter responses for space vector switching state S 1
Figure.7.a shows the three phase 50Hz input voltage (dotted lines) and phase A output voltage, Figure.7.b
shows the average phase voltage of Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC) for a modulation index of 0.9. Average
input DC link input voltage can be controlled by varying the source side bidirectional switches. From Figure.7.b
576

also describes that the instantaneous dc link voltage doesnt reach zero. Figure.7.c shows the switching state of
S1 of Indirect Matrix Converter.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Performance evaluation of different topologies of Indirect Matrix converter (Sparse, Very Sparse & Ultra
Sparse) with different Load Conditions (R, RL and Motor) using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
(SVPWM) is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink. Switching pulses for the proposed converter is generated
using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). All the topologies/structures of IMC are assigned to be
having the parameters of ma=0.9, fs=50 Hz, fc=10 kHz on source side end and for load side end having ma = 0.8
frequency =150 Hz and fc=2 kHz. Parameters of different loads used to evaluate the performance of IMC
structures are tabulated in Appendix. Figures.8-55 show the simulated response of the indirect matrix converters
such as Sparse, very sparse and ultra-sparse performance evaluations for various loads.
A. Simulated results of Sparse Matrix converter for R load with ma=0.8:
400
Source Side V a
Source Side V abc
400
200
0
-200
-400
0
-200
-400
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
400
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0
-200
-400
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.06
Time in sec
Fig. 9: Voltage response of Source and load

for phase A.
x 10
Source Side I a
Source Side I abc
0.03
0
-1
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0
-1
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
-0.2
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Time in sec
Fig. 10: Current response of Source and load

for three phase system
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0
-0.2
-0.4
x 10
-2
0.06
Load Side Ia
Load Side Iabc
0.06
-200
0.06
Fig. 8: Voltage response of Source and load for

three phase system
-0.4
0.05
200
Time in sec
-2
0.04
-400
0
0.03
400
200
Load Side Va
Load Side Vabc
200
Time in sec

for phase A
Figures.8-11 shows the simulated waveforms for sparse matrix converter for R load with modulation index
0.8. Figures.8 and 10 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix converter for three phase,
Figures. 9 and 11 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A respectively.
577

B. Simulated results of Sparse Matrix converter for RL load with ma=0.8:

400
Source Side V a
Source Side V abc
400
200
0
-200
-400
0
-200
-400
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
400
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
400
Load Side Va
Load Side Vabc
200
200
0
-200
-400
200
0
-200
-400
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Time in sec
Time in sec

for phase A

5
x 10
1
0
-1
-2
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0
-1
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0
-0.2
-0.4
0.06
x 10
-2
0.06
Load Side Ia
Load Side Iabc
Source Side I a
Source Side I abc
Time in sec
Time in sec
Fig. 15: Current response of Source and

load for phase A

Figures.12-15 shows the simulated waveforms for sparse matrix converter for RL load with modulation
index 0.8. Figures.12 and 14 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix converter for three
phase, Figures. 13 and 15 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A respectively.
C. Simulated results of Sparse Matrix converter for Motor load with ma = 0.8:
400
Source Side V a
Source Side V abc
400
200
0
-200
-400
0
-200
-400
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
400
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
400
Load Side Va
Load Side Vabc
200
200
0
-200
-400
200
0
-200
-400
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Time in sec

0.06
Time in sec

for phase A
578

5
x 10
Source Side I a
Source Side I abc
2
1
0
-1
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
1
0
-1
-2
0.06
40
40
20
20
Load Side Ia
Load Side Iabc
-2
0
-20
-40
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
x 10
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
-40
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06

load for phase A
600
Speed in rad/sec
Stator Voltage (V d )
0.06
Time in sec
400
200
0
-200
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
400
200
0.06
20
Torque in N-m
Stator Current (I d )
0.05

10
0
-10
-20
0.04
-20
Time in sec
-400
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
-5
0.06
Time in sec
Fig. 20: Stator Voltage and current response

of sparse matrix converter
Time in sec
Fig. 21: Speed and Torque characteristics

of sparse matrix converter
Figures.16-21 shows the simulated waveforms for sparse matrix converter for Motor load with modulation
phase, Figures. 17 and 19 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A only, Figs.20 and 21 shows
the response of stator voltage, current, speed and torque characteristics.
D. Simulated results of Very Sparse Matrix converter for R load with ma = 0.8:
Source Side V a
400
200
0
-200
-400
0
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Load Side Va
400
200
0
-200
-400
Time in sec
Fig. 22: Voltage response of Source and load for

three phase system

for phase A
579

5
1
0
-1
-2
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0
-1
0.06
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
Time in sec
Time in sec

0.03
-0.2
-0.4
x 10
-2
Load Side Ia
Load Side Iabc
x 10
Source Side I a
Source Side I abc

load for phase A
Figures.22-25 shows the simulated waveforms for very sparse matrix converter for R load with modulation
phase, Figures.23 and 25 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A respectively.
E. Simulated results of Very Sparse Matrix converter for RL load with ma = 0.8:
400
Source Side V a
Source Side V abc
400
200
0
-200
-400
200
0
-200
-400
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
200
0
-200
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.06
Time in sec

for phase A
x 10
Source Side I a
1
0
-1
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0
-1
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
-0.2
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Time in sec

0.06
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0
-0.2
-0.4
x 10
-2
0.06
Load Side Ia
Source Side I abc
0.03
Load Side Iabc
0.06
-200
0.06

-0.4
0.05
200
Time in sec
-2
0.04
-400
-400
0.03
400
Load Side Va
Load Side Vabc
400
Time in sec

load for phase A
Figures.26-29 shows the simulated waveforms for very sparse matrix converter for RL load with
modulation index 0.8. Figures.26 and 28 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix
converter for three phase, Figures.27 and 29 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A
respectively.
580

F. Simulated results of Very Sparse Matrix converter for Motor load with ma = 0.8:
400
Source Side V a
Source Side V abc
400
200
0
-200
200
0
-200
-400
-400
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
400
Load Side Va
400
Load Side Vabc
200
0
-200
200
0
-200
-400
-400
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Time in sec
Time in sec


for phase A
x 10
Source Side I a
Source Side I abc
0
-1
-2
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0
-20
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0
-20
-40
0.06
Time in sec
Time in sec


load for phase A
400
600
Speed in rad/sec
Stator Voltage (V d)
20
Load Side Ia
Load Side Iabc
0
-1
40
20
-40
-2
40
x 10
200
0
-200
-400
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
400
200
0
-200
0
-10
-20
10
Torque in N-m
20
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Time in sec
-5
Time in sec
Fig. 34: Stator voltage and current response

of Very sparse matrix converter
Fig. 35: Speed and Torque characteristics

of Very sparse matrix converter
Figures.30-35 shows the simulated waveforms for very sparse matrix converter for Motor load with
converter for three phase, Figures.31 and 33 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A only,
Figures.34 and 35 shows the response of stator voltage, current, speed and torque characteristics.
G. Simulated results of Ultra Sparse Matrix converter for R load with ma = 0.8:
581

400
Source Side V a
Source Side V abc
400
200
0
-200
200
0
-200
-400
-400
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
400
200
Load Side Va
Load Side Vabc
400
0
-200
200
0
-200
-400
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
-400
0.06
Time in sec
Time in sec
Fig. 36: Voltage response of Source and

load for three phase system

load for phase A
5
5
Source Side I a
1
0
-1
-2
Load Side Iabc
x 10
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0
-1
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0
-0.2
-0.4
0.06
x 10
-2
0.06
Load Side Ia
Source Side I abc
Time in sec
Time in sec


load for phase A
Figures.36-39 shows the simulated waveforms for ultra-sparse matrix converter for R load with modulation
phase, Figures.37 and 39 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A respectively.
H. Simulated results of Ultra Sparse Matrix converter for RL load with ma = 0.8:
400
Source Side V a
Source Side V abc
400
200
0
-200
-400
0
-200
-400
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
400
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
400
Load Side Va
Load Side Vabc
200
200
0
-200
-400
200
0
-200
-400
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Time in sec

0.06
Time in sec

load for phase A
582

Source Side I abc
Source Side I a
1
0
-1
-2
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0
-1
-2
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0
-0.2
-0.4
0.06
x 10
0.06
Load Side Ia
Load Side Iabc
x 10
Time in sec
Time in sec


load for phase A
Figures.40-43 shows the simulated waveforms for ultra-sparse matrix converter for RL load with
converter for three phase, Figures.41 and 43 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A
respectively.
I.
Simulated results of Ultra Sparse Matrix converter for Motor load with ma = 0.8:
500
Source Side V a
Source Side V abc
500
-500
3
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
-500
3
3.06
3.02
3.01
3.02
Load Side Va
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06

3.06
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06

for phase A
x 10
Source Side I a
Source Side I abc
3.05
Time in sec
Time in sec
1
0
-1
-2
3
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
1
0
-1
3.01
3.02
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
10
Load Side Ia
5
0
-5
-10
3
x 10
-2
3
3.06
10
Load Side Iabc
3.04
-500
3
-500
3
3.03
500
500
Load Side Vabc
3.01
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
Time in sec

3.06
5
0
-5
-10
3
Time in sec

for phase A
583

600
Speed in rad/sec
Stator Voltage (V d )
500
-500
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
400
200
0
-200
0.06
20
0
-20
-40
10
Torque in N-m
40
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
-5
0.06
Time in sec
Time in sec
Fig. 48: Stator voltage and current response

of Ultra
sparse matrix converter
Selected signal: 1200 cycles. FFT window (in red): 10 cycles
Fig. 49: Speed and Torque characteristics of

Ultra sparse matrix converter
Figures.44-49
shows the simulated waveforms for ultra-sparse matrix converter for Motor load with
200
modulation
index
0.8.
Figures.44 and 46 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix
0
converter for three phase, Figures.45 and 47 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A only,
-200
Figures.48
and 49 shows the response of stator voltage, current, speed and torque characteristics.
0
J.
FFT analysis of Sparse,Time

Very
(s) Sparse and Ultra Sparse matrix converter for Motor load with ma = 0.8:
Fundamental (150Hz) = 5.192 , THD= 4.31%
Mag (% of Fundamental)

10
8
6
4
2
200
0
0
4
6
Harmonic order
-200
10
5
4
3
2
20
1
10
0
0 0
-10
Fig. 50:
of sparse 0.2
0 Voltage
0.05 harmonic
0.1 analysis0.15
matrix converter Time (s)
6
8
Harmonic order
10
10
10
4
6
Harmonic order
Fig.
51: Current
harmonic
analysis
of 0.2
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
Time (s)

15
12
Fig. 52: Voltage harmonic analysis of very

8
6
4
2
0
6
8
Harmonic order
10
12
Fig. 53: Current harmonic analysis of very

Figures.50-55 shows the FFT analysis of Sparse, Very Sparse and Ultra Sparse matrix converter for Motor
load with ma = 0.8 respectively. From the results Total Harmonic Distortion (THD in %) is considered to
evaluate the performance of different topologies of Matrix converter for Different Loads, which is calculated
using FFT analysis, shown in Table I.
584
2000
20
-2000
0
Natarajan Rajavel-20et al, 2014

2 Australian
3
4 Journal
5 of 6Basic and
7 Applied
8
0
1 2014,
2 Pages:
3 572-585
4
5
Sciences, 8(10)
July
Time (s)
Time (s)
10
4
6
Harmonic order
10
Fig. 54: Voltage harmonic analysis of ultrasparse matrix converter
RL LOAD
MOTOR LOAD
60
40
20
4
6
Harmonic order
10
Fig. 55: Current harmonic analysis of ultrasparse matrix converter
Table 1: FFT analysis of indirect sparse matrix converter for various types of loads
SMC
VSMC
Modulation
Voltage
Current
Voltage
Current
Index (ma) 0.8
Harmonics
Harmonics
Harmonics
Harmonics
R LOAD

USMC
Voltage
Harmonics
Current
Harmonics
25.14
26.08
25.02
24.31
26.75
25.48
24.03
21.74
22.84
22.88
26.12
24.03
22.13
4.31
20.48
3.11
27.13
16.46
Conclusion:
From Table. I, concluded that current harmonics will be having significant change while considering
voltage harmonics of the system as for different load as well as different topologies. It is also clear that Sparse
and Very Sparse, both matrix converter having a similar performance, and ultra-sparse matrix converter will be
having a poor performance when comparing with other topologies with same modulation index. Since Very
Sparse have minimum requirement of switches when compared with sparse matrix converter we can conclude
that Very sparse matrix converters superiority over sparse matrix converter with reduction in requirement of
switches and for ultra-sparse matrix converter have improved performance when comparing especially motor
load. For further research we may improve ultra-sparse matrix converter to achieve improved performance over
other type of matrix converter with having advantage of reduction in switching requirement. Selective harmonic
Elimination is one such technique which is requires greater attention may help to improve the performance of
ultra-sparse matrix converter
LOAD:
R= 1k, RL = 1k, 10mH and
Motor load =5.4 HP (4KW), 400V, 50Hz, 1430 RPM, Squirrel Cage
Stator Resistance 1.405
Stator Inductance - 5.839 mH
Rotor Resistance 1.395
Rotor Inductance - 5.839 mH
Mutual Inductance 172.2 mH
Inertia J 0.0131 Kg/m2
No of Poles 2
SVPWM:
Carrier Frequency- 2 kHz
Ref Frequency 150 Hz
Modulation Index 0.8
REFERENCES
Helle, L., K.B. Larsen, A.H. Jorgensen, S. Munk-Nielsen and F.Blaabjerg, 2004. Evaluation of modulation
schemes for three-phase to three-phase matrix converters, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 51(1):
158-171.
585

Holtz, J. and J. Quan, 2002. Sensor less vector control of induction motors at very low speed using a
nonlinear inverter model and parameter identification, IEEE Transactions Industrial Applications, 38: 1087 1095.
Klumpner, C., F. Blaabjerg and P. and Nielsen, 2001. Speeding-up the Maturation Process of the Matrix
Converter Technology, Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference, 2001, IPESC,
2: 1083 -1088.
Klumpner, C., F. Blaabjerg, I. Boldea and P. Nielsen, 2006. New modulation method for matrix
converters, IEEE Transactions Industrial Applications, 42(3): 797-806.
Kolar, J.W., M. Baumann, F. Schafmeister and H. Ertl, 2007. Novel three-phase AC-DC-AC sparse matrix
converter, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 22(5): 1649-1661.
Lee, K.-B. and F. Blaabjerg, 2004. Performance improvement of sensorless vector control for induction
motor drives fed by matrix converter using nonlinear model and disturbance observer, Proceedings of IEEE
Power Electronics Specialists Conference, IPESC 2004, pp: 1341-1347.
Munioz, A.R. and T.A. Lipo, 1999. On-line dead-time compensation technique for open-loop PWM-VSI
drives, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 14: 683-689.
Wei, L. and T.A. and Lipo, 2001. A novel Matrix Converter Topology with Simple Commutation, Record
on the 26th IEEE Industrial Applications Society Annual Meetings, IIASAM 2001, 3: 1749-1754.
Wei, L., T.A. Lipo and H. Chan, 2002. Matrix converter topologies with reduced number of switches,
Proceedings of IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1: 57-63.
Wheeler, P.W., J. Rocriguez, J.C. Clare, L. Emprinligam, A. Weinstein, 2002. Matrix converters: a
technology review, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 49: 276-288.
Youm, J. and B. Kwom, 1999. Switching Techniques for Current -Controlled AC-to -AC Converter,
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 46(2): 309-318.

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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585

Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com

Performance Evaluation of Sparse Matrix Converters

Natarajan Rajavel, 2Baskaran Balasubramaniyan, 3Irusapparajan Ganapathy

2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved.

Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014

Fig. 1: schematic representation of AC/AC converter

THREE PHASE GRID

Indirect Matrix Converter:

Fig. 2: Indirect matrix converter topology block diagram feeding to an AC -Load

Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014

Fig. 3: Sparse Matrix Converter

Fig. 4: Very Sparse Matrix Converter

Fig. 5: Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter

Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014

Fig. 6: Space vector pulse generation of proposed IMC

Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014

Source Side V abc

Fig. 9: Voltage response of Source and load

Source Side I abc

Fig. 10: Current response of Source and load

Load Side Iabc

Fig. 8: Voltage response of Source and load for

Load Side Vabc

Fig. 11: Current response of Source and load

Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014

B. Simulated results of Sparse Matrix converter for RL load with ma=0.8:

Source Side V abc

Load Side Vabc

Fig. 13: Voltage response of Source and load

Fig. 12: Voltage response of Source and load

Load Side Iabc

Source Side I abc

Fig. 15: Current response of Source and

Fig. 14: Current response of Source and load

Source Side V abc

Load Side Vabc

Fig. 16: Voltage response of Source and load

Fig. 17: Voltage response of Source and load

Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014

Source Side I abc

Load Side Iabc

Fig. 19: Current response of Source and

Fig. 18: Current response of Source and load

Fig. 20: Stator Voltage and current response

Fig. 21: Speed and Torque characteristics

Fig. 22: Voltage response of Source and load for

Fig. 23: Voltage response of Source and load

Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014

Fig. 24: Current response of Source and load

Load Side Iabc

Source Side I abc

Fig. 25: Current response of Source and

Source Side V abc

Fig. 27: Voltage response of Source and load

Fig. 28: Current response of Source and load

Source Side I abc

Load Side Iabc