CHJV04I01P0027

J. Chem. & Cheml. Sci. Vol.
4 (1), 27-33 (2014)
The Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water and Locked

Soil of Segwal Reservoir of District Badwani,
M.P. (INDIA)
YADAV JANESHWAR1, PATHAK R.K.2 and YADAV ANKIT3
1
Department of Chemistry,
Jawaharlal institute of Technology Borawan,
Khargone, M.P., INDIA.
2
Department of Chemistry
Govt. MLB, PG Girls College, Indore, M.P., INDIA.
3
Department of Civil Engineering,
Jawaharlal institute of Technology Borawan,
Khargone, M.P., INDIA.
(Received on: December 28, 2013)
ABSTRACT
The water quality is an index of health and is one of the area of
major concern to environmentalists, since industrilisation,
urbanization and modern agriculture practices have a direct impact
on the water resources. The investigation was carried out to study
the water as well as locked soil of segwal reservoir of Badwani,
M.P. India. The change in physico chemical parameters of water
such as water temperature, ph, turbidity, transparency, total
hardness, Ca hardness, Mg hardness, alkalinity, chloride content,
electrical conductivity, colour were analyzed. As above the
physico chemical parameters of locked soil such as ph, colour,
temperature, grain seize, specific gravity, moisture content,
elasticity and plasticity were analyzed in above period.
Segwal reservoir, a small inland reservoir located in Village
Segwal, District Badwani, Madhya Pradesh, India. The nutrients
including are in sufficient quantities for the growth of aquatic
animals in the reservoir. Therefore, the conservation and
management of this water body is very much required.
The result indicated that the some physico chemical parameters of
reservoir water and locked soil were within the permissible limits
and can be used for domestic and irrigation purpose but some of
the parameters were above slandered for drinking water so there
Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Vol.4, Issue 1, 31 January, 2014 (1-69)
28
Yadav Janeshwar, et al., J. Chem. & Cheml. Sci. Vol.4 (1), 27-33 (2014)
is need for strict monitoring to ensure quality water supply for
human health.
Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, locked soil, chloride
content, alkalinity, hardness, plasticity.
INTRODUCTION
Much of the current concern with
regards to environment quality is focused on
water and soil because of its importance in
maintaining the human health and health of
the ecosystem. The quality of water and
locked soil in any ecosystem provides
valuable information about the available
resources for supporting life in that
ecosystem1 The quality of water and locked
soil depends as a large number of physico
chemical parameters and analysis. The
impact of water pollution and soil pollution
on the human being has recently become a
favorite subject for investigation in the
world.
The
industrialization
and
development in agriculture are necessary to
meet the basic requirement of people, at the
same time it is necessary to preserve the
environment. The Village effluent waste
waters are loaded with pollutant, along with
other chemicals used during agriculture are
also responsible for water and soil
pollution2.
The aim of the study is to reveled
out the pollution status of reservoir in terms
of physico chemical characters of water and
locked soil. The reservoir contain soil which
covered by water called locked soil. In the
water depth of approximate 3-4 feet soil
samples collected for investigation and
analyzed. The pollution of lakes and
reservoir and their biological diversity are
directly related to the health of human

beings3.
The main aim of this work has to
analyze
various
physico
chemical
parameters of water and locked soil of
Segwal reservoir of Thikari M.P. With the
analysis of these parameters of water and
locked soil shows the pollution status of
water and soil of this region.
Due to tremendous development of
industry and agriculture, the water
ecosystem has become perceptibly altered in
several respects in recent years and as such
they are exposed to all local disturbances
regardless of where they occur4. The
increasing industrialization, urbanization and
developmental activities, to cope up the
population
explosion
have
brought
inevitable water crisis. The health of lakes
and their biological diversity are directly
related to health. In freshwater bodies,
nutrients play a major role as their excesses
lead
to
eutrophication.
Excessive
macrophytic vegetation is indicative of the
eutrophication status of any water body5.
Monitoring of water quality is the
first step that can lead to management and
conservation of aquatic ecosystems. It is also
true that the management of any aquatic
ecosystem is aimed to the conservation of its
habitat by suitably maintaining the physicochemical quality of water and soil within
acceptable levels6.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

The soil and water samples were
collected from three different sites of Segwal
reservoir during different months. The
collected samples have been analyzed to
determine their physico-chemical characterristics. The water and soil samples were
collected in morning time during March
2013 and April 2013. Temperature and pH
was recorded on the field. Water and soil
samples were collected in cleaned acid
washed plastic bottles and sterilized plastic
bags and stored at 4C. The soil samples
have been analyzed for various parameters
as pH, electrical conductivity (EC),
plasticity, elasticity, moisture content,
specific gravity. Physicochemical parameters
of water and soil were done by standard
methods.
Segwal, a small man-made reservoir
29
with 100.07 ha water spread area, was built

over a Small river. The reservoir is located
approximately 5 km northwest of thikari
Tehsil in Madhya Pradesh, India and
approximately 40 km south of Badwani this
reservoir is a multipurpose point tank used
for different activities like drinking water
supply, irrigation, fisheries etc. Three
sampling station map of Segwal reservoir
showing sampling stations. stations, namely,
point 01, point 02, point 03 were selected for
analysis of physico-chemical characteristics
of water covering whole area of the reservoir
(Figure 1and 2).
Segwal reservoir located at the
central part of thikari tehsil, is undergoing
rapid urbanization and agriculture purpose.
Segwal reservoir was completed in 1979 and
having capacity of 1.30 m cum. It is spread
in 100.07 hectors. (Shown in figure 3).
Figure No. 01 Photo Segwal Reservoir

30
Figure No. 02 Photo Segwal Reservoir
Table 1:- Parameters of Segwal Reservoir water

PARAMETER
POINT 01
POINT 02
Colour
Pale yellow
Pale yellow
Odour
Sweet
Light sweet
pH
7.0
7.0
Temprature
35
35
Total hardness
110
140
Ca hardness
24
30
Mg hardness
86
110
Alkalinity
75
85
Chloride content
106.5
117.15
Transparency
65.4cm
70.4cm
Hardness, chloride content and alkalinity parameters are in PPM
SAMPLING
PROCEDURE
LABORATORY ANALYSIS
AND
Water samples were collected from

all three sampling stations from March
April, 2013. Monthly samples of sub-surface
water in triplicate were collected during first
POINT 03
Pale yellow
Light sweet
6.5
34
85
18
67
67
113.6
80.5cm
week of each month in the early hours of the

day (7 a.m. to 9 a.m.). Iodine treated double
stop par polyethylene bottles were used for
collection of water samples. Bottles were
kept in ice bucket and brought to the
laboratory for analysis. Some of the physicochemical characteristics of water including
water
temperature,
depth,
transparency, pH were determined
mercury thermometer, graduated
visual, Sechi disc, digital pH
color,
using
string,
meter,
31
respectively, total alkalinity, total hardness,

chlorides,
calcium
and
magnesium
Hardness, were analyzed using titrametric
method at the sampling stations7.
Table 2:- Parameters of Segwal Reservoir locked soil

PARAMETER
Colour
pH
Temprature
Grain seize
Specific gravity
Moisture content
Plastic limit
Liquid limit
Electrical conductivity
POINT 01
black
7.0
35
Cohesive
2.60
29%
42%
45%
107.11
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The physico-chemical properties of
soil of agricultural region and the water used
for irrigation in s Segwal area of Badwani
were analyzed in the present study. The
physico-chemical characteristics of the
effluent water showed that water analyzed in
this study had pH 6.5-7.0. The
physicochemical characteristics of the
effluents differed substantially from one
another
with
respect
to
chemical
characteristics, as expected due to a
relatively wide spectrum of effluent. The pH
of the effluents ranged from 6.5 to 7.0 and
electrical conductivity (EC) from 107.11 to
235.4 mmhos/cm and temperature 34-35 C.
A wide variation in the physico-chemical
properties of soil of agricultural region and
the water in Segwal area were found in the
present study. Different samples of soils and
water from the Segwal area showed
difference
in
the
physico-chemical
POINT 02
Grey
7.0
35
Partially Cohesive
2.65
25%
35%
30%
235.40
POINT 03
Grey
6.5
34
Partially Cohesive
2.50
26%
36%
35%
234.32
characteristics from one another with respect

to chemical characteristics, as expected due
to a relatively wide spectrum of agriculture
effluents sources and due to presence of
chemical in the effluent8. (Shown in table 1
and table 2)
RESERVOIR
In Segwal reservoir, maximum
water level was recorded in post-monsoon
period while minimum water level was
recorded in summer season during both the
years of study. Water was turbid in monsoon
season with yellow brown color, while
green color in winter and transparent green
color was observed in summer season. The
transparency of water is mainly affected by
factors such as biological productivity,
suspended particles and water color. The
transparency in segwal reservoir ranged
from 65.4 80.5 cm with low value during
monsoon season. Settlement of sand, silt and
32
clay result in a higher transparency from the

post-monsoon period reaching a maximum
of 110.00 cm marks the highest transparency
in this reservoir. Conductivity measures the
capacity of a substance or solution to
conduct electrical current. The electrical
conductivity was found to fluctuate between
107.11 S/cm and 235.40 S/cm in this
reservoir and that falls within the range
observed for Indian waters. According to
this criteria, Segwal reservoir water falls
under the category of mesotrophic water
body. Clay, silt, organic matter, plankton
and other microscopic organisms cause
turbidity in natural water.
WATER
QUALITY
RESERVOIR
OF
THE
In Segwal reservoir, the water

temperature increased during warmer
months and decreased during colder months.
Similar seasonal variations were also
observed by Survey. Water level plays an
important role in governing the water
quality. Range of variation and their annual
mean along with standard deviation of
various physico-chemical characteristics of
water of Segwal reservoir is given in Table1.
CONCLUSION
Conservationists are meticulously
attempting to conserve the biodiversity from
anthropogenic erosion and pre natural
extinction.
The
major
barriers
in
conservation of biodiversity for sustainable
life in future include In adequate data base,
inadequate funding for research, confusions
and controversies over area selection for
conservation. This has made the task more
and more difficult. On the basis of
physicochemical characteristics it may be

said that the Segwal reservoir is a
mesotrophic water body, which is slightly
inclined towards eutrophication. The tropic
status of reservoir warrants a proper
conservation and management and best
possible use of the reservoir, the
macrophytes will have to be controlled. This
can be achieved by mechanical removal or
by biological means using grass carp. since
the removal of nutrients in the form of
biomass can only check eutrophication. The
nallahs, streams and rivers lets joining the
reservoir should be obstructed by
constructing stop and check dams. This will
not allow the siltation in reservoir.
This soil study shows that
considerable amount of soil and plant
nutrients were lost through erosion in the
northern upland areas of thikari Segwal. The
observed differences in soil loss permitted
an assessment of the impact of soil erosion
on some soil properties. This study also
indicates that top soil loss due to accelerated
erosion results in changes in soil properties.
Changes in soil pH, elasticity, plasticity and
moisture contents were highly and positively
correlated with cumulative soil loss. This
study indicates the level of contamination at
the waste and explores the relationship
between ranges of quantitative variables.
Thus the open waste should be discouraged
and a proper monitoring and remediation
plan is needed to reduce the chances of
ground water pollution by leaching of these
contaminants. Some physical properties and
good amount of organic matter in soils
indicate that these soils have the potential to
be used in compost after various
experimental treatments. The study is useful
in providing indicators of contamination at
such dams and thus will be helpful in

making any remediation plan for these
contaminated soils.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Authors are Thankful to the
Principal,
Jawaharlal
Institute
of
Technology, Borawan for providing the
necessary facilities.
REFERENCES
1. Chaturvedi R. K., Sharma K. P.,
Kamayani Sharma, Bhardwaj S. M. and
Subhasini S. Journal of Environmental
Pollution 6: 77-84 (1999).
2. Gopal B. and Zutshi D.P. Hydrobiologia
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3. Narwal R. P., Gupta A. P., Singh A. and
Karwasra S. P. S. Annuals of Biology 9:
239-245 (1993).
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4. Olaniya M. S. International Journal of

Environmental Health 40(2): 160-168
(1998).
5. Rai L. C., Raizada M., Mallick N.,
Husaini Y., Singh A. K. and Dubey S.
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6. Hujare, M. S.: Ecotoxicol. Environ.
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7. Kadam, M. S. Pampatwar D. V. and
Mali R. P., J. Aqua. Biol. 22(1): 110 112
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8. Kamble, S. M.; Kamble A. H. and Narke
S. Y., J. Aqua. Biol. 24(2): 86-89
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10. Yadav Janeshwar, Pathak R. K.,
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J. Chem. & Cheml. Sci. Vol.

4 (1), 27-33 (2014)

The Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water and Locked

directly related to the health of human

MATERIALS AND METHODS

with 100.07 ha water spread area, was built

Figure No. 01 Photo Segwal Reservoir

Figure No. 02 Photo Segwal Reservoir

Table 1:- Parameters of Segwal Reservoir water

Water samples were collected from

week of each month in the early hours of the

respectively, total alkalinity, total hardness,

Table 2:- Parameters of Segwal Reservoir locked soil

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

characteristics from one another with respect

clay result in a higher transparency from the

In Segwal reservoir, the water

physicochemical characteristics it may be

such dams and thus will be helpful in

4. Olaniya M. S. International Journal of

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