ALLMAN'S POPULAR

S% N
s> ss
"n"Sn

"S!

ELEMENTARY

Now

ready, strongly bound in doth, p7-ice 6d. each.

THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE

SCRIPTURE ANALYSES.
ST.

LUKE.

EXODUS.

ST.

JOHN.

NUMBERS.
1st BOOK OF SAMUEL.
2nd BOOK OF SAMUEL.
1st BOOK OF KINGS.
2nd BOOK OF KINGS.
2nd BOOK OF CHRONICLES.
JOSHUA AND JUDGES.
EZRA, NEHEMIAH. & ESTHER.

ACTS OF THE APOSTLES, with

Coloured Map of the Travels
of St. Paul.
1st

GALATIANS.
PHILIPPIANS.
1st & 2nd THESSALONIANS.

RUTH.
JEREMIAH.
DANIEL.
ST.

ST.

EPISTLES
CORIKTHIANS.

2nd CORINTHUlNS.

JAMES AND PETER.

MATTHEW.
MARK.

PHILEMON.

Also, uniform in price

and

3d.

size,

THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE

Analysis
Price

the

Is.,

Church Catechism.

128 pages, strongly hound in cloth,

THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE

ANALYSIS

L BOOR

of

COMMON PRAYER,

The above have been prepared expressly for the requiremeuts of

the Local Examinations, and at the end of each vohime will be
found a Series of Questions given by the Oxford and Cambridge
Examiners, an immense advantage to those preparing pupils for
passing.

LONDUN
ALLMA.N & SON,

Ltd., 67,

NEW OXFORD

STREET.

OF LEAENING

THE LATIN LANGUAGE,

AFTER THE SYSTEUr OF
F.

AHN,

DOCTOE OF pnrLosornY, and peofessoe at the college

OF NEUS3.

H.

A.

liATE PRINCIPAL OF

MONTEITH,
THE ROBEETSONIAN 1K3TITUTIOV.

ENLAEGED AND IMPROVED EDITIOl

FIRST COURSE.

ALLMAN &

SON,

LONDON:
G7, NEW OXFORD

STREET.

secured in France and Germany, under the terms of

the Internatioj.ai. Copyright Act, and the proprietor resermi to himself the right
oj Translation^

The Copyright of thU Worlc

is

D
.30

U^

^l^^^'

PllEFACE
ENLAEGED AND IMPROYED EDITION.
I>' collating for

the press a Second Course of Exercises iu

Latin, on " Ahn's Method," from the text of Dr. ScidenBtucker's

"Elementarbuch,"

it

was found that

number

of

important elements had been only cursorily treated in the

First Course of that
detail

work, and that some indispensable

had even been entirely overlooked.

been thought advisable

to iseue

It has therefore

an entirely new edition of

the First Latin Course, free from these defects, and calculated at the

same time

to give the learner a

more enlarged

conception of the structure and genus of the language.

In the present

edition,

the elementary principles will

be developed more in detail and more consecutively, the

and

whilst everything

transitions

will be less

essential to

sound scholarship will be treated seriatim, the

abrupt,

learner will not be required to construe entire passages

some degree of acquaintance

from the

classic authors, until

witli the

vocabulary and inflexions of the language has been

attained.

Many

practical

teachers have objected to Dr. Seiden

stucker's work, on the grounds that

it is

deficient in purely

examples of the syntactical rules

classic

also the

advanced exercises of the present

nothing

to

The

in this

respect

series will leave

be desired

First Course consists chiefly of exercises in

tlie

con-

Btruction of sentences, containing simple verbal forms only

words that frequently occur

illustrating the usages of Latin

and

designed to enable learners to begin reading and

is

writing Latin from the

first

lesson,

without any previous

acquaintance with either the vocabulary or accidence.

One

literal

"Eton Latin Grammar

of the Editors of the

" The pupil's

marks,
;

first

so literal indeed,

that

dered for word, so far as the

" re-

attempts should be extremely

word should be

diff'erence of

strictly ren-

idiom will allow."

" There are," he likewise observes, " some fragments of

composition less complicated than others, on account of the
shortness of the sentences and the simplicity of style, and

a collection of detached phrases of this description for the

exercise of learners,
to the practice
little else

is

a good

method of introducing them

of the language,"

The present volume

is

than a collection of such sentences arranged in

grammatical order, and consequently an amplification of

what

this wi'iter virtually suggests

AHN'S

METHOD.

PIRST LATIN COURSE.

OKTHOGRAPHY AND PEONUNCIATION.
THE LETTERS.
Latin alphabet is tlic san:ie as the English, but has no
lu
w, and k, y, z only occur in words originally Greek.
Latin there are five diphthotiffs, that is double vowels,
which have each a simple sound j these are ce, au, eu,

The

ei,

and

oe.

The letters in Latin words are pronounced exactly like

the corresponding letters in similar syllables of English
words.
But generally, exceptions are inadmissible, hence
the following usages
:

1.

C and
e,

i,

AS EEGAEDS CONSONANTS.

are always hard before a,

o,

u,

and always

soft

before

y.

Ch

has always tbe sound of k.

S final has its hissing sound, thus,

2. AS

is is

pronounced

iss,

not

is,

EEGARDS DlPHTHONGS.

and CE have the sound of e.

Ai in the proper name Cuius, and the verb aio has the sound of
high, under other circumstances the sound of a in made.
Au has the sound of a in ball.
Ei in

Eu

hei

and

sound of i in high.
ntider, neuliqtiam, seu, and likewise

t ix

eia, lias the

in ceu, heu, hens,

wheE

has the sound of u in tube, but in most other words,

a meus (me-us), eu is not a diphthong,

initial as in eurus,

A 3

AH
Ui

is

in cui

and

METHOD.

has the sound of

not properly a digraph.

With

fiuic

these exceptions,

in h'gh, but in other words i

when two

or more vowels occur together,

each letter has its name sound, as in monuisti {mon-u-isti) when, ho^.
ever, two vowels of the same
name occur together, one is usuall*
dropped, as Aaro7i pronounced a'-ron.
;

aUANTITY.
The vowels

common

of Latin

for example, o
long in the word cos (a
;

words are either

is

sliort

in

tvlictstone),

the

short, long, or

word

os (o bone),

and common, that

is

sometimes short and sometimes long, in hoc (this).

As regards pronunciation, a vowel that is short should
be articulated somewhat more curtly than when it is long,
that is the o of cos should have a broader sound than the o
oi OS ; but, in reading prose, this rule is subject to the
ordinary usages of English prosody.
In the lexicons the quantities of the vowels are usually
indicated by a mai'k thus, o, when long
by a mark thus,
;

J, when short; and sometimes by a mark thus, o, when common. The vowel quantities will be noted in the same
way, throughout the vocabularies of the exercises, unless
they come under one or other of the following distinc-

tions

The vowels

and a, when final, are generally short, as in mensa,

marked when long.
o, and u, when final are generally long, as in wari,
domino, vultu, and will only be marked when short.
3. The vowels in the terminations of dissyllables and polysyllables
AVith
are mostly shokt, as in w/ewsam, ^!/e>, turrXs. honor, juciindus.
the exception of e and a few others, tlie English pronunciation of these
terminations, in so far as regards prose, is not affected by the vowel
quantities, consequently they will not be marked.
4. The diphthongs <p, ce, au, ou, ei, being always long, are not
marked.
6. Vowels under a circumflex accent are long, as musd, ord.
6. A vowel before two consonants or one of the doubles x, r, is
generally i/)ng by position, as honestus, nuv, and is not marked nnloca
Bhort
1.

ante, and will only be

2.

The vowels

i,

TJHSY LATIN CODRSE.

7.

not

One vowel before another

marked unless long.

8.

When

has no

mark

is

generally shout, as in mens, and

is

a vowel does not fall under one or other of these rules, arid
in the vocabularies, it is to be regarded as common.

ACCENT.
As

ia English, every Latin

word

of

two or more

syllables

the stress of the voice must be thrown

upon one particular syllable in accordance with the following rules
that

is accented,

is,

Words

of

two

syllables

have the accent on the

first,

as a'-cus,

al'-tim, u'-nus.
2.

Words

of throe or

more

when

syllables are accented on the penult

is long, as in cla-md'-re, mo-ne'-re, au-dV-re.

the penult vowel is short, the accent falls upon the antepenult or third syllable from the end, as in reg'-e-rt, om-iup'-ol-em,

that syllable
3.

When

(z-cu'-blt-us.

ORTHOGEAPniC SIGNS.
The Trema,

mark placed over

a vowel, thus u, denotes

does not form a diplitliong with the vowel that follows or precedes it, as in aer {air).
The Circumflex accent placed over a vowel, thus c, denotes that a syllable has been dropped, as navigdrant for
ndvtgdverant {they had sailed).
The Grave accent placed over a vowel, thus e, denotes
generally that the word is an adverb or conjunction, not a
noun ; thus, the adverb solhn {only) is written -with the
accent to distinguish it from the noun solum {the soil or
The circumflex accent is also used in this way
ground).
the ablative case ord {by the shore) is accented to
distinguish it from the nominative ora (a shore)
so
the genitive case exercltus {of an army) is written with
a circumflex accent to distinguish it from the nominative
exercltus {an army). All these marks are not, however, used

that

it

iUx's

by

llic

METUOD FIKST

classic authors,

LATIN

C0TJR9?;.

most of thorn are employed merely

to assist beginners.

The comma, semicolon and other marks of piincti;ation are

used as in English, only the note of admiration occurs
less frequently in Latin.

ABBREVIATIONS.
Active.
Adjective.

inlcrj.

adj.

adv.

Adverb.

irr.

act.

Interjection.

pron. Pronoun.

Auxiliary.
Conjunction.
dcm. Demonstrative.

m.
.

neut.

Masculine.
Neuter.
Neuter.

dep.

Deponent

p.

Participle,

/.

Feminine.

pari.
pass.

Particle.

per/.

Perfect.

Infinitive.

Personal.
Plural.

pres. Present.

aux.

inf.

phi.

Irregular.

C077J.

indec. Indeclinable.

pcrs.

intcrr. Interrogation.

Passive.

For signification of the gprammatical terms,

Appondi^

Relative.
rem. Remark.
Singular.
sub. Substantive.
subj. Subjunctive,
rel.

siiiff.

V.

Verb.

see Parts of ispeecn, vt

EXERCISES,

1.

PSter {mas.), afalher.

Mater

{feni.), a mother.

Prseceptum (neut.), a
Puer {juas.), a hoy.
Puella {feni.), a

Vinuni
Remark.

^^t'ccept.

girl.

{neut.), ivine.

The

noun praceptum, besides precept,

English words rule, maxim, and command?nent.

ans\Tcr8

to

th

2.

Bonus

(m.),

Ponus

Pater, mater.

Bona

praeceptum.

Rem.

Bona

(/.),

Boaum

(?.),

good.

Bona mater.
Ponum
Bonum vinum. Bonus puer.

pater.

puella.

In

Latin as in English, nouns are masculine, feminine, or

as well as all other adjectives, must agree with thenf
in gender, lience the three forms, bonus, bona, bomim.

and bonus,

neuter,

Frater {m.). a brother.

Soior (/.;, a sister.
Consilium \n.), adviee, counsel.

Rem.

The English
The

father.

pood

Good

articles a, an, the, are

brother.

A good rule.

sister.

The sister.
The good

not expressed in Latin.

A good
boy.

brother.

The

good mother.

advice.
4.

Malus (w), Mala

Rem,

The

adjectiYe

(/.),

Malum

malus stands also

(n.),

for evil,

bad.
sinful, /iur(fui,

M-

ahn's method.

10

meaning, fraudulent, foolish,

weak

mischievous,

and pn-

u^/y,

eonouj,

Malu3

Malum

mater.

Mala

frater.

Malum

soror.

Bona

praeceptum.

Bona
Malus puer.

consilium.

puella.

Bonum vinum.
5.
Filius (/.),

iT

Filia (/.), a daughter.

son.

Scamnum

(n.),

a bench.

A good bench. MisA bad brother. The ugly-

A bad

son.
Tlie good daughter.
chievous advice. The good sister.

boy.

Poisonous wine.
6.

^Magnus, a, um, large, great.

Parvus, a, um, small, lUtle.

Longus,

Parvus

frater.

a,

um,

long, tall.

Magnum

Parva

praeceptum.

Longum scamnum. Parvus

puella.
Scamnum parvum.

Longa

puer.

soror.

soror.

Parva

Pater maguus.

7.

Panis

((.),

bread.

Aqua

(/.),

SacchSrum

water.

(.),

sugar.

r^EM.
In Latin, as in English, nouns signifying males are masculine,
tliose signifying females feminine ; but some inanimate objects are
thus panis, bread, is masmasculine, some feminine, and some neuter
;

culine, afjua, water, feminine,

Good bread. Good

The little sister. The
Bad wine.

and vinum,

teine, neuter.

water.
Good sugar.
small girl.
great boy.

(See Appendix.)
tall

brother.

A long rule.

8.
Est,

is.

Aqua est mala. Panis est bonus.

Scamnum est longum. Pilia est bona.
Soror est parva.
Saccharum
Prseceptum est magnum. Frater est longus.
Magnus est pater.
est bonum.

Vinum

Rem.

est

bonum.

The words of a sentence may sometimes be elegantly inverted,

u tnagmis est pater,

instead cf paler est magnut.

riEST LATIN COURSE.

9.

CslKdus, ft, um. crafty, sly.

Calidus, a, um, hot, warm.
Frigldus, a, um, cold, cool.

Tlie brother

The boy
water

The

is

Indiistrius, a, um, industrious.

Justus, a, um, just, considerate.
Injustus, a, um, unjust, imreasonabie.

The

good.

The

is

Good

sister is jrood.

girl

is

The wine is cold.

The daughter

unjust.

is

sugar.

The

Crafty advice.

sly.

The mother

hot.

father

ia

crafty.

is

considerate.
industrious.
is

10.
'Et(conj.), and.

S6d

{conj.), but.

Si (cwy.),

if.

For extension of

conj.

Y.xgo {eonj.), therefore, conseq%iently.

Vel

{,conj.),

Aut

{conj.),

and other abbreviatioES, see page

8.

Puer malus et
Prater est Justus sed soror est injusta.
Puer
puella bona.
Si aqua est calida,
est industrius, ergo puer est bonus.
callidum.
Injustus
frigidum.
Prseceptum
est
est
viuum
Prater vel soror.
Justa et bona est mater.
Aqua
pater.
Panis

et aqua.

Pater, mater et

filius.

calida aut frigida.

Rem. Or is rendered by vel in connecting notions of a

and by aut in connecting those that are unlike.

like kind,

11.
Vita (/.),

Via

life.

LOcus {m.), a place.

Exemplum (n.), n example.

(/.),

a road, way, or path.

Saltus (w.), a grove or forest,

BcUum

(?.),

war.

Rem. Nouns or names of inanimate objects ending in a are mostly

feminine, those ending in us, masculine, and those ending in um, neuter
(See Rem. to Ex. 7.)

Father or mother. Example or precept. The brother and

Wine, water and bread. A crafty boy and sly girl.
The war is unjust. An unjust war. The bench is large, but
sister.

the place

is

The water
is

a long

If the forest is small, the

cold, therefore the water is good.

small.

is

road

is

long.

good

life

life.

12.

rierumque {adv.), generally.

Interdum {adv.), sometimes.
Semper {adv.), alvcoys.

Siepe {adv.), often.

Seepius {adv.), oftener, very often.
Non {adv ), not.

ahn's method.

12

Yinum non eat frigidura. Scam

longum. Soror non est industria. Trater
interduni est malus.
Via non semper est bona. Praeceptum plerumque est justura. Vita non semper est longa.
Bellum non semper est inSaltus non semper est maguus.
justum. Pater est magnus, sed non filius. Puelia stepe est
Aqua non

nuni non

est calida.

est

mala, sed saepius puer.

Eem.

Kon and other adverbs

they qualify
{not

are generally placed before the words

thus we say in English

is

not, but the

Latin has non

est,

is).

13.
Multus, a, um, much, a great deal of.
Pr6bus, a, ura, honest, upright, dutiful, moral.
Impr6bus, a, um, dishonest, worthless, iindutiful, immoral.

Much

water.
great deal of wine.
Tlie boy is not tal^.
not little. The sugar is not good.
motlier ia
father is often unreasonable.
Water ia
The boy is very ofteu undutiful. The girl ia
generally upright. Ifthesoiiis tall, the daughter is little.
The brotlier is always industrious, the sister not always.

The

girl is

always just.
always good.

14.
Hic, haec, hoc-

Hie

Ille, ilia, illud, that.

this.

locus, haec vita, hoc

exemplum.

Ille saltus, ilia via,

Puer

ille est improHaec puelia est callida. Illud scamnum est longum.
Ille puer semper est bonus, sed hic puer semper est malus.
Si hic puer saepe est malus, puelia ilia semper est bona.
Interdum hic puer est industrius, sed non semper. Ple-

illud bellum.

Ille

puer

est probus.

bus.

rumque
Rem.

vita proba, vita est longa.

The longest or most important word

is

generally placed either

These positions likewise

at the beginning or the end of a sentence.

give emphasis to all words so placed.

15.
G6n6r6sus, a, um, generous.
Durus, a, um, hard, harsh.
S^verus,

a,

um,

serious, severe.

Albus,
Purus,

a,

um, white,

a, um, ^ure.
Humanus, a, um, human, humant.

Rem. Place the words accented thus {geHer6Ms) at the head of

Latin sentence (See Rem. to Ex. 14).

FIEST LATIN COURSE.

18

Tlie brother is gener6us.

The sister is generous. The
father is harsh.
The mother is severe. The boy is crafty.
That forest is large.
humane father. That road is generally hard.
Bread is generally white, but not always. That

wine is not always pure. If a father is sometimes severe, a

mother is generally just. The son is often industrious, and
the daughter always dutiful.
16.

Sponda (/), a bed or couch.

Kunthis {m.), a
Graragu

an

]3onus est nuntius.

eponda non est longa.

herb.

Hie

Liber (m.), a book.

""Equus (.), a horse.

messenffer,7teu'S.

(.), grass,

M61

liber

(m.),

non

honey.
est

magnus.

Ilia

Equus albus saepe est callidus. Gramen illud est malum. Gramen malum non estbonum. Gramen non semper est malum. Si vinum est malum, aqua
Aqua est pura, et vinum est parum. Si hie
est bona.
equus est parvus,
via est bona.

magnus.

ille est

Via longa non semper

Mel malum.

Rem. In Latin a short word generally precedes a long one, hence

monosyllabic nouns are generally placed before their adjectives, as mel
malum, not malum mel.
17.

Animal (n.), a creature, an animal.

DSminus ('.)> " lord, master, or nobleman.
Jus (n.), right, justice, the law ; also Juice, broth, soup, or gruel.
Rem. The word animal in Latin signifies any living thing, and may

imply a bird,

reptile, or insect, as well as a

quadruped.

great lord.
large animal.
The animal is large.
horse is an animal. This animal is a horse. The soup ia
hot, but not good.
Humane law is just law. If the law ia
not humane, the law is not just. This master is just, that
uniust.
An upright father is generally a good master.
hai'tih master is not always a severe father.

18.
Negotiosus,

a,

urn, active, full

of business, busy,

um, inactive, at leisure, idle, indolent,

H6nestus, a, um, honourable, righteuus, honest.
Contentus, a, um, content, contented, satisfied.
otiosus, a,

Dominus probus

est et

honestus.

Vita bona est negoB

aun's method.

14

Plerumque pater negotiosus

est contentus.

Fratet
Puella est negotiosa^
Puer otiosus saepe est improbus.
Bed puer est otiosus.
Domiuus
Filius est contentus, sed filia non est contenta.
Si pater Justus est et geueseverus non semper est durus.
Equus animal est
rosus, plerumque filius est probus.
magnum. Hie bonus est dominus.
tiosa.

^&t negotiosus, ct soror est uegotiosa.

Rem. -It is usual in Latin to separate an adjective from its noun by

placing some other word between them, thus, ille bonus e$l dominus is
more elegant than ille est bonus dominus ; and generally, a word that
usually stands close to anotlier, receives emphasis by being separated
from it, particularly if placed near the end of the sentence.

Concilium (n.), a council.

MtTCator (m.), a merchant.

iM.ire (n,), the sea.

Rex

avis (/.), a bird.

apes or apis (/.), a bee.

Flos (m.), a

(m.), a kinij.

Regina (/.\ a queen.

Mower

The word concilium means an assembly of counsellors, and

JIeji.
Consilium signifies properly the
tlie place where they meet.
deliberation of the counsellors, and the conclusion they arrive at, hence
it stands for counsel, advice, discretion, design, plan, intention, and
also

purpose.

The "White Sea

is

large.

An

indolent

life

is

sinfid.

The

The queen is just and geneis active and upright.

This bird is small. A bird is not always small. Tlie
bee is a small but industrious insect. That white herb is not
The conned is severe but humane. The advice is
a flower.
harsh but just. Good advice is generally harsh. A king \s
not always an unreasonable master.

merchant
rous.

20.
Meus, a, um, my, mine.
Tuus, a, urn, thy, thine, your, yours.
Suus, a, um, his, her, hers. Us, one's ovh.
Ejus (indedinablej, hm, her, ds.

Pater meus, mater mea, scamnum mcum.

Rex tuus
bonus est dominus. llegiua tua proba est ct generosa.
Consilium tuum durum est sed justum. Pilius negotiosus
eat ejus.

Filia ae^otiosa est ejus.

Exemplum bonum

est

FIRST LATIH COUBSE.

Apis et mel suum.

ejus.

Scamnum

pam's est tuus.

Liber

Rem.

ille

suum.

illud est

Dominus suus. Contentus

mea non est contenta.
ejus.

15

frater est

meus. Hie
Haec avis est
meus, sed soror

est;

The possessive pronouns meus, tuus, suus, are subject

same conditions
thing possessed.

and agree

as adjectives,

(See

Eem. Ex.

in

to the

gender with the person or

2.)

21.
Popiilus (/.), a poplar tree.
Popiilus [m.), a people, populace,
Yciitus {in), the wind.

Zepliyrus

(rw.), the west-tcind.

The wind
and

my

is

Poena (/,), a punishment.

Merces (/.), a reward.
Laus {/.), praise.
Mors (/.), death.

The west wind is warm. My brother

Your people is contented. Your queen is

cool.

sister.

severe, but not hai'sh.

Your precept is just. The merchant
and his son. The father and his daughter. The king and his
council. Praise is
reward. Death is your punishment.

my

The brother and

his sister.

horse and its grass.

yours. That bed is

The

sister

That poplar-tree
his.

One's

and her brother.

is

mine.

The

This flower

is

own book.

Alter, altera, alt6rura, other, another.

misera, miserura, wretched.

Niger, nigra, nigrum, black.
Pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum, beautiful, lovely, fine, pretty.

Jiffser,

Rem. Some adjectives in er retain the e before the feminine and

neuter terminations, in others the e is dropped.
Alter locus, via altera,
cher.

Hsec avis

mare altcrum.

est pulchra.

Hie

Hoc animal

flos

est

est

pul-

pulchrum.

Equus niger non est albus. Mare Nigrum, mare est magnum. Jus nigrum interdura est bonum, sed non semper.
Hie liber est meus, alter tuus. Haac puella est negotiosa,

Hoc prseceptum justum est, sed alterum

sed altera otiosa.
ITeroator improbus semper est miser.
Injustum.
Matei
dura plerumquc est misera. Rex tuus semper est micer,
eed regina tua semper contenta.

16

METHOD,

Ally's

23.

^ger, aegra, aegrum, sick, ill, aili/iff, unwell.

Piger, gra, grura, lazy, slow, dull.
Liber, libera, liberum, free.
Asper, 6ra, grura, rough, rugged, rude, (art, bitter.

rugged

The boy is unThe white flower

place, a roujili coucli, tart wine.

well, the girl is ailing,

That

and the animal

is sick.

bird is pretty.
This animal is large
daughter is ailing, but not my son. Your
is slow but not indolent.
If the people
is free, the king is free.
A free people is not always contented.
A beautiful girl is not always a good girl. An
active life is a long life.
is

lovely.

and

little

My

beautiful.

The girl

sick mother.

Rem. "When two emphatic words occur in the same sentence, one is
usually placed at the end, and the other at the beginning.
(See Rum.
Ex. 16).
24.

H6mo

(c. g.),

Juv6nis

S6nex

a human being, man, woman, or person.

a youth, a young man, or young woman.
an old man, or old woman.

(c. g.),

(c. g.),

Princeps

(e. g.),

a prince,

Nouns marked

Rem.

cliiej

or principal.

g. (common gender) are botli masculine

of these nouns, however, as liotno and sene.r, arc
c.

and feminine some

seldom used in the feminine sense.
;

(For other examples,

see

Ap-

pendix).

Hex

tuus princeps est Justus.

llegina lua mulier est
Frater meus juveuis estindustrius,
Soror mea

s;enero8a.

Senex dominus

jnvenis est proba.

homo

severus.

est

Mercator

Homo

niger saepe honestus est et negotiosus.

Homo honestus plcrumque est contentus. Senex interdum est asper, interdum generosus. Homo saepe est
contentus, sed non semper.
Si hie juvenis est negotiosus,
est niger.

ilia est otiosa.

Bellum

Bex

injustus,

plerumque durus

est

homo.

saepe est justum, sed saepius injustum.

25.
\'ir{m.),amale, a man, a husband.
Mulier (/.), a ivoman, a wife.

Deus(c.^.), God,agod,or goddess.

Parens (c. p.), a parent.
'J'estis (c. g.), a witness.
Nemo {e.g.), no one, nobody,

Judicium {n.), judgment.

Auctor (c. g.), an author, or anthoress, a writer.

H2M.

The English

word wan,

Caiiis
is

(<?.

g.),

a dog.

rendered by homo wticn an unim-


17

FIEST LATIN COURSE.

portant personage is referred to, and by vir -when tlie individual is spotca
Homo is also used -when man means mankind in
of respectfully.
general, and likewise in speaking of a person disrespectfully, as
homo ille ingratus, thai ungrateful ftlloui.

The
The
The
Man is not always harsh and
messenger is a lazy fellow.
Your father is a just and upright man. The queen
severe.
No one is always
is an active woman, and a dutiful mother.

Man

is

merchant

prince

is

Your king is a gi'eat man.

often unjust.
God is great and good.
a dishonest man.
brotlier is your parent.

is

an author.

My

unreasonable or mischievous. My dog is a large and beautiful animal.

This witness is an honest man, but the other is
dishonest.

26.
Noster, nostra, nostrum, our, ours.
Vester, vestra, vestrum, your, yours,

Via nostra est aspora. Nostrum

longum. Kex vester vir est magnus. EeConsilium vestrum est
proba.
gina vestra mulier est
Pauis noster est albus.

scanmum

est

bonum. Vester liber est parvus. Frater noster est auctor.

Hie canis est -tester, Populus Tester liber est et contentus.
Deus est rex et pater noster. Avis vestra est parva, sed
pulchra.
Pater Tester vir est lionestus, et mater vestra
Pilius tuus juvenis est otiosus,
juvenis est ncgotiosa.

mulier honesta.
filia

Rem.
by

sed tua

Your and yours, in addressing a single person, are rendered

and, when two or more persons are implied, by vester. (See
Rem., Ex. 20, and likewise possessive pronouns in Appendix.)

tints ;

also

27.
Victoria (/.), Victoria.
Albertus (.), Albert.

Monitor (m.), a counsellor.

Pars (/.), apart.

The term

Discipulus {m.),a pupil, or scholar,

Discipula (/.), a {female) pupil.

may he

rendered either by /era or bellua;

properly bellua signifies a beast, or brute, tame as well as wild, but is
Fera is the
mostly used in speaking of animals in a state of nature.
feminine fcrm of the adjective ferus, savage, and implies anything w/rf.
whether animate or inanimate.

Rem.

tvild-beast

18

ahn's jukthod.

Our master is severe. Your couch is rough. Our soup i8

i)!ack.
The white flower is yours. Tlic long bench is ours.
This part is ours, that is yours. Our life is not long. A wild
is sometimes large, sometimes small.
A. mischieToua
is generally a wretched scholar.
A lazy girl is generally
an indolent pupil. Victoria is a just queen,' and Albert an
upright prince. An upright man is always an honest couu'

beast

boy

If the father

sellor.

is

severe, the son

is

generally dutiful.

28.
or ix/
q^air.
^fJiO'r .lathing
y
3

JNec^otiuni (.),

Pliil6s6phus

{ni.),

a philosopher.

PhilOsOphia (/.), philosop/ii/.

Rem.

The noun res properjy

used in speaking of an

Civis (c. ^,.), cilize, or

tnjman.
Miles {m.), a soldier.
Gaudium {71.), joy, delight.

signifles sometljing inert,

hut

is

ccm-

often

and besides thing and affair stands for

and is often used in

act,

fact, circumstance, act, deed, substance, property,

making up

coiiipound expressions, as, res publica, the public affair,

state ; so res oratoria, a /;tecA affair^ or
Negotitan is used in mucli the same way as res, but
mostly implies action of some kind, and stands for matter, affair,
enterpri$e, transactioti, business, occupation.
ihdii is, the

Hii

commonwealth, ov

oratio7i.

Res dura est bellum. Bellum non est negotium meum.

Judicium tuum est justum. Judicium est severum, i-ed
humanum. Discipulus industrius est gaudium meum. Hie
Frater mcus est
et civis honestus.
Regina nostra est justa, ei'go populus
Albertus princeps est negotiosus, et monitor
honestus.
Si homo non est honestus, monitor uon est probus.
PhLlosophia plerumque "monitrix eet mea.
probus,

testis vir est

miles, tuus civis.

est contentus.

29.
ager

a field, land, estate.

S6cigtas (/.), a partnership, association, society
Legatus (.)' '"' ambassador, a lieuteyiant-general.
(!.),

Censors

(c. g.),

comort, partner, or colleague.

Censors signifies one

that shares the same

quently stands for a companion, equal, or Oisociate.

Rem.

Your

pupil

is

A chUosopner ia

lot,

The ambassador
generally idle.
dways contented. Your brother

and conse-

is

often

'

an bonet t

ill.


flKSX LAllN CGUi;SK.

My

19

an honourable man. Victoria is a

Albert is an upright
considerate and generous princess.
Our estate is small, but yours is
Eirince, and a good citizen.
:\rge.
Your enterprise is just, but your design is crafty.
If the law is bad,
This part is good, but the other is bad.
The law if righteous is a
society is generally ^rretched.
the
law
is
not
always
righteous.
good master, but
soldier.

colleague

is

30.
Noxius, a, um, hurtful, injurious, pernicious, noxious.
Sanus, a, uni, sane, healthy, sound, wholesome.
-Slgrotus, a, um, sickly, unhealthy, diseased.
Pretiosus, a,

Multa aqua

um,

jirecious, valuable, costly.

est noxia.

Panis niger non est noxius.

Bonum judicium res est pretiosa. Homo saepe segrotus est

Vinum asperum plerumque est sanum. Frater
et miser.
meus

segrotus est, sed soror sana.

Interdum vita

nostra,

Plerumque veutus est sanus, sed non

puer semper est sanus, ilia puella semper
Si mater severa est, filia plerumque est proba.
est bona.
Pater Justus
Si pater est sanus, filius plerumque est sanus.
res

est aspera.

semper.

Si hie

et honestus,

plerumque civis

est bonus.

Rem. In writing Latin some attention will have to be paid to

sound as well as sense, euphony being an essential in elegant latinity.
A word ending with a vowel often precedes another beginning with
"Words having the
one, but this should be avoided when practicable.
same terminations should be placed apart, and it will often be advisequus animal
able to place a short word between two long ones, thus
est wa^/7ir?M sounds better than egittts est majuum animal,
(See also
Remarks, Ex. G, S, 12, 18, and 23 )

Praeceptor

(/i(.j, )

Magister {m.), ^
Magistra (/.), a

a master

or

teacher.
r.iistress

or

teacher.

DSiuina

Rem.

(/.), a mistress,

a lady.

Cervus (m.), a stag.

asinus (m,), an ass.
Corvus (m.), a raven.
Struthidcameius (m,), an ostrich.
Vulpes,

The word master, when a teacher

is (/.),

a/ox.

implied, may either be

rendered by dominus, praceptor, or mayister ; wlicn used in the sense of
employer, by dominus alone. Properly dominus signifies the master of a
hovse ; whilst magister denotes a ruler or magistrate of any kind,
whether of a state, house, or school, and ience stands for school'
master, tiito^^ and teacher.
is

20

AHlf's

MEIHOD,

The ostrich is a. large but

stag is a beautiful animal.
not a beautiful bird. The ass is generally lazy. The raveo
master is an old man, yours
is a small but craftj' bird.
a youth. Your king is a generous master, but your queen is
If the teacher is severe, the pupil is genea harsh mistress.
rally industrious.
pupil is sometimes active, sometimes
If the mother
inactive.
just master is sometimes severe.
is not healthy, the daughter is sometimes sickly.

The

My

My

amicus

Instinctus (m.), instinct.

Cantus (m.), a song.
GrSdiis (m.), a step.

Pecunia (/.), money.

Arnica

mea

est SDgra.

Cantus parvus ssepe

rumque

(2.),

a friend.

a (female) frietid.
Scrvus {!.), a servmit, or tlavc.
Serva (/.), a {female) servant.

arnica (/.),

est

est contentus.

Serva nostra mulier est ncgotiosa.

Dominus probus pleGaudium purus est instinctus.

pretiosus.

Malta pecunia

ssepe est noxia.

est negotiosa.

Si

dominus

est

Si filius est otiosus, filia

plerumque servus

otiosus,

Gradus
Frater discipulus industrius est tuus.
est miser.
Servus meus est contenasper ssepe gradus est bonus.
Yita Hostra scBpe est
tus, sed serva mea non est contenta.
misera.
Eex tuus vir magnus est.

Eem. The auxiliary est, and all other verbs, may sometimes be elegantly placed at the end of the sentence. They are generally bo placed
when emphatic, unless euphony suggests some other order. (See Rom.
Ex. 30.)

Titium (.), a fault, vice.

Cibus {m.),food, meat.
Potus [m.), drink.
Plaga (/.), a climate.

Anus

(/.),

an old woman.

Annus \m.), a year, a season.

Temperies (/.), mildness, a season.
otium (.), rest, leisure, idleness.

Rem. The word vitium signifies a corruption of the body or mind,

which acceptation it answers to the English word vice. Butvitiun
akewise expresses anything that is wrong, hence it st mds for Mnv,
Lastly, vitium implies anythinz
blemish, stain, deformity, superfluity.
that is done wrong, and in this sense answers to the English wor 1
in

fault.

Idleness

Wholescme

a vice.
Your fault is great. White bread is a
hot
food.
Tart wine is k vTi''ilesome drink.

is

FlKST LATIl' C0UK8E.

A cold climate

21

always healthy. MildIf a man

ness is sometimes wholesome, sometimes injurious.
18 wretched, the season is generally wretched.
Your king is
an old man, and your queen an old woman. If the teacher is
year

is

not healthy.

indolent, the pupil is generally lazy.

often a just judgment.
master

My

is

A
is

severe

satisfied,

judgment
but

my

is

mis-

tress is not satisfied.

34.
Medicina (/.)

>

Medicamentum

^n.)]'"'"^'^"''-

^^''''

''"""^!^-

Dfimus (/.), a house, home, or family,

Virtus (/),

virtue,

quality,

uorthiness,

ability,

Rem. Medicina is used in speaking of a remedy

mind as well as the body medicamentum mostly
compound or drug.
;

[courage.
manliness.

for diseases of the

in the sense of a

mea

est.
Doraus mea vita est mea. Belpigrum. Virtus monitor est honestus.
medicina.
Domus tua est magna, mea
Puer piger, plerumque filius est improbus. Domus
parva.
mea parva est, sed contenta.
Medicina interdum bona
est, interdum noxia.
Si dominus est injustus, plerumque
domus misera est. Gramen illud bonum est medicamentum. Servus noster piger est homo, et serva nostra esepe

Virtus censors

lum longum

est et

Aqua pura bona

est

segra est.

35.
Serenus, a, urn, serene, fine, clear, calm.
Splendidus, a, um, splendid, nwgnijlcent, bright, clear, gay
Gratus, a, um, agreeable, thankful, kind, grateful, pleasing
Ingratus, a, um, disagreeable, unkind, ungrateful, thankless.

Manliness

is

always pleasing.

My

heme

is

my

delight.

is kind, but the mistress is unkind.

War is a
thankless thing. The sea is calm and bright. The west-wind
is calm and pleasing.
The merchant is au ungrateful fellow.
Wine is a wliolesome and agreeable drink. One's own house
is a precious thing. The lieutenant-general is an agreeable and
generous man. The old man is grateful, but the old woman
i8 ungrateful.
The stag is a magnificent animal, and the
ofctrich a magnificent bird.

The master

22

A.HN d

Altus,

a,

Celsiis, a,

Excelsus,
Procerus,

ym,
um,

METHOD.

Rufiis, a, ura, reddish, hay.

"|

Doctus,
Nullus,

\ high^i^jty,taU^ > > !>'

a, uni,

Sobrius,

a. urn, J

a, ura,
a,

a,

learned.

um, none.
um, sober.

Rem. Alius signifies height and loftiness in the common acceptation of these terms; celsus involves nearly the same notions, but expresses thtm more elegantly ; excelsus denotes an excess of the qualitiea
expressed by celsus; procerus is likewise an elegant term for higli and
lofty, but implies slender, and is mostly employed in speaking of things

The English adjective tall is renthat have length without breadth.

dered by longus or altus in speaking of both persons and things ; by
Alius, becelsus, excelsus, or maynus in speaking of persons only.
sides high and tall likewise stands for deep, when depth in relation to
slraight,
high
lofty,
answers
to
besides
and
referred
Celsus,
height is
to.
erect, exalted, hiyh-spiritcd, proud ; and excelsus stands for noble,
stately,

and haughly.

Domus mea
camelus avis

est alta.

est

alta,

Mare Nigrum est altura.

Discipulus meus puer

StruUiioest

celsus.

Rex

Ilia populug
vester princeps celsus est et splendidus.
Equus rufus animal est pulclirura.
alta est et procera.
Yirtus excelsus est instinctus. Ncgotium illud injustum
Animal hoc parvum apes est. Praoceptor meus vir est
est.

Bonus parens plerumquc pater severus est. Interdum vita liumana misera est. Mercator homo sobrius et
honestus est.
Semper contcntus nullus homo est. Vir
probus et excelsus amicus est tuus.
doctus.

37.
power, government, empire.
Impferator (m.), a commander, ruler, einperor, sovereign,
Snimus (m.), Ihe mind, intellect, soul, cpirit,
anima (/), breath, existence.
Impgriura

Ebm.

Atiima properly

or principle
tout,

(w.),

common

soul of

man

it

signifies the

breath of

to all created beings.

and likewise stands

for instinct, or

lije,

Anirniis

the vital

means

the

whatever bears analogy

likewise answers to heart or breast,

human passions.

when

spari,

human
to the

these words

are used in English to express the

The Black Sea is not deep. A haughty man is often

The government is not always just. No sea is
always calm and bright. Your emperor is a great and generous prince. The human mind is not an instinct. The amTrretched.

PIBST LATIN COTTKSE.

28

bassador is an honourable and learned man. The brother is

tall, but the sister is little.
This medicine is black, but it is
wholesome.
colleague is an agreeable friend, and an upright citizen.
If the sovereign is just, the people is generally
contented.
Our queen is little, but her empire is great.

My

Ego, /.
Tu, thou, you.

Nos, we, US.

Vos, you.

Ego et pater meus. Tu' et frater tuus. Noa

mater nostra. Yos et soror vestra. Viuum aqua non
Avis parva nou magna est.
Equus alb us uon est
niger.
Agar tuus pulcher est, sed meus est magnus. Meua
equus rufus est, non niger. Si tuum scamnum est magnum,
meum est lougum. Bonus amicus gaudium est meum.
Temperies semper est gi-ata, sed non semper sana.
Si
imperator improbus est, imperium est improbum. Animus
Ego- aut tu,
gratus, plerumque animus est conteutus.
Alter ego.

et

est.

frater

meus

au-t frater

tuus.

Eem. 1. The English personal pronoun you is rendered by tu, in

addressing a single person, and by vos when two or more persons are
implied.
(See Rem. Ex. 26.)
(2) The first person is placed before the second in Latin, ego et tu,
/ and you ; not you and I.
39.

Napoleon (m.), Napoleon.

Eugenia (/.), Eugenia.

Oppiduni (.),
Urbs(/.),

C^res (/.), Ceres.

Insula (/.), an island.

Dea (/.j, a goddess.

Eoma

Rem.

/.),

Rome.

Oppidum

signifies

city or capital; but, the

city

i^'"^'ty,i

a town of ordinary dimensions, urhs a

applied the term oppidum to every

Romans

and town except Rome.

My

teacher and I. You and your son. TVe and our

daughter. Your master and you. The long bench is yours.
Eugenia is a stateiy ladyCeres is a pleasing goddess.
lofty place is generally healthy.
Rome is a large city.
A
splendid town is not always an agreeable town.
Our island
is great.
A little man is sometimes a
is small, but its pow^r
If the te.icher is active, the pupil is often ingreat King.
jiustrious.
A harsh counsellor is often a good friend. KajqIoou is a great ruler, and his empire is magnificent.

ahn's method.

24

40.
Brtvis, e, short, brief.
Crudelis, e, cruel.

uttlis, e, uteful.

Fertilis, e, fertile.

Mortalis,

Sterilis, e, sterile,

Inuttlis, e, useless.

mortal.

e,

Imraortalis,

barren.

e,

immortal.

Eem. A.djectives have generally three terminations, one for each

gender, as bonus, bona, bomim ; but some have only two, one foi
These comthe masculine and feminine, and another for the neuter.
monly have the masculine and feminine in is, and the neuter in e, as
(See Appendix.)
masculine, brevis, feminine, brevis, neuter, breve.

Puer est brevis. Puella est brevis. Scamnum est breve.

Res utilis est societas. Asinus est
Liber bonus est utilis.
Fera plcrumque
animal utile. Nemo semper crudelis est.
crudelis est.

semper

Animal crudele noxium

est inutilis.

Homo

Ventus non
semper est otio-

est.

inutilis est,

si

Plerumqiie bellum est inutile, semper noxium. Ager

meus est fertilis, tuus sterilis. Locus sterilis non semper
Liber est sterilis, si non utilis.
Haec pars est
est inutilis.
sus.

brevis, ilia longa.

Homo

celsus.

Pilia brevis

mortalis

sed

est,

mea

sed

est,

filius

meus

Deus immortalis.

41.

Coslum

Maritus, {m.), a husband.

iixor (/.), a wife.
Conjux (e.g.), a husband or wife.
Judex (c. g.)^ a judge.
Fiiga (/.), flight.

heaven, the shy, wea-

(.),

ther.

Mundus

(n.), the

Palatium
Mciisis

world.

(n.), the court,

(?.),

a palace,

a month.

Rem. The word husband is generally rendered by maritus, and

wife by uxor ; but both words may be rendered by cotijux, which is a
more elegant but less homely term. In colloquial and also in a lofty
style husband and tvife are rendered by vir and mulier respectively.

The weather is fine. The

always cruel. The husband
industrious woman.
is short but rugged.

liorse is a useful animal.

is

cool

Society

a sober man.

month
is

my

"War is

The wife is an
The road
The world

delight.
always pleasing.
is

sometimes grateful, sometimes ungrateful. Life is sometimes brief, sometimes long. A liarsh judge is not a humane
The court is generally
judge. The sky is not always clear.
is

agreeable, if the sovereign

but the other is short.

master is generous.

is

agreeable.

The mistress

That poplar
is

generous,

is tall,

if

the

FIRST LATIN COURSE.

25

42.
Omnis,

all,

every.

Cunctus, a, urn, all, the whole, entire, altogether.

Totus, a, um, all, the whole of, every imrt.
universus, a, ura, all, the ivhole, without exception.
'R-Eni. Omnis stands for all, when that word may be substituted foi
Cunctus is a contracas omne belluni, all luar, or every war.
tion of conjunctus {joined together), and is mostly used in speaking of
ffi'cry,

a whole mide up of parts, as cuncia Germania, {all Germany), that

is, all the states that constitute Germany ; cunctus s'enattis {all the
senate), that is, ail the members of the senate.
Totus is properly
used ill speaking of things indivis ]p. as tola vita mea {all my life,
my whole life, or the u-hale ../ 7ny life) tola dies {all day, or the
l

Universus is au intensitive word, and is only used

when all is emphatic, as universum studium meum {all my study, my
whole endeavour, or my every effort.)

whole of the day.

>mne bellum cruNapoleon ct totum palatiura suum.

Cun-otus populus miTota insula fertilis est.
ser est.
Totum coelum est serenum. Universus mundua
gratus est et contentus. Totus hie mensis plerumque est
frigidua.
Vitium res est noxia. Ees est excelsa virtus.
Posna dura est poena crudelis. Praeceptum est inutile, si
non est justum.
Liber noxius est, si non est utilis.
Animus crudelis animus est malus. Vita sterilis est, si non feat
utilis.
Locus sterilis interdum utilis est. Interdum judex
Justus est, interdum injustus.
dele est.

43.

Donum

''^'^'^'-P'''""''-

Latebra (/.), a hiding place.

Fames (/.), hunger.

table.

Veritas (/.), truth.

{n.), }

Munus(.),f
Mensa (/.), a

...

JJortus (w.), a garden.

Rem.

Donum

volence

munus

Lignum

{n.),

wood.

used when the word gift expresses a mark of bene

when gift means an interchange of friendship.
is

A flower is a beautiful gift.

Food is a harsh, money a stately

is mortal.
Every animal is mortal. Thia
a useful medicine.
This table is small, but the other is
large. Truth is a noble virtue.
Hunger is a bitter thing.
foolish precept is a noxious precept.
whole life ia
wretched. The rugged forest is my hiding-place.
brother
is tall, but my sister is short.
Wood is generally bard, but
not always. The K'^ole of our garden is fertile.
gift.

herb

Every man

is

My

My

*'

An.N

MHUOO.

44.
Facilis, e, easy, pliant, tractable, eourteous.
Difflcilis, e, difficult, troublesome, riigycd, riule.

Fortis,
Mitisj

e,

strong, brave, hardy, courageous, -poucrful,

mellow, soft, gentle, mild, rnevk.

ripe,

e,

Turpis,

e,

Nobilis,

e,

shameful, disgraceful, base, vile.

ivelUknoivn, Jioted, renoivned, noble, of high birth,

Ceres dea est nobilis.

animal

est facile.

injusta est turpis.

facilis est et utilis.

Rex

Eoma

urbs nobilis

est.

ncgotium est meum.

Orane belliim non est tiirpe.

Difficile

Amicus

vir facilis est

meus

Asimia
Res poena
Hie liber

et probus.

it humanus.
Napoleon princeps
Nostra insula nobilis est et fertilis.
Hoc mite graraen utile est medicamentum. Vita otiosa, vita
Animus inaguus semper facilis est et serenus.
est turpis.
Ees imperium difflMitis plerumque populus miser est,

tuus vir fortis est

nobilis et generosus est.

cilis.

Rem. s/

and other forms of the verb to be are generally dropped

whenever the sense is not obscured by the omission; thus,
imperium est difficilis {power is a troublesome thing) may be
more elegantly rendered, res imperium difficilis (a troublesome thing
in Latin,

res

vower), leaving the est understood.

iCi.

M'irus (m.),

Paries (m.),

Macena(/.),

j
\

Maceries (/.)i

Mania

a wc

(n.plu.), J

Nobilitas (/.), nobility.

Nihil (or contracted, nil) (.),

nothiwj.
Quicquam (.), anything.
Limen (n.), a threshold.
Lim6s (/.), a boundary.
Finis (w. or f.), end or limit.

Rem. Murus means a wall of any kind ; paries the wall of a

house or othtr building; iKaceria nnd macrries are difl'trent orlliogr.ipbies of the same word, both signifying the wall of a garden or other
enclosure
moenia is only used in speaking of a fortress, and properly
;

signifies

a fortified wall.

a pleasing fcMng. Mildness is always aj-rcfrable.

is pernicious,
idleness is a disgraceful vice.
If anything is good, tbia is good. T!io
often useless.
horse is a beautifid animal. The pss is a useful animal. The
wall is black and rugged. The boundary is a lofty wall.
garden is useful, if the wall is high. One's own thresiiold
LJfe is a siiort flipht, deatli tke end.
IS alwavs agreeable.

Joy

18

Nothing useful

War

is

FIBST LATIN COURSE

vere judge is often an honest man.

aeeful, but not always.
In this and succeeding exercises

is

and

Z~

Nobility

otlier

is

sometimea

words printed

in ilalia

are to be omitted in the Latin sentence.

40.
who, which, thai.
< he who, she who, that which.
r

Qui, quae, qu6d

\_whal, as.

Judex qui severus est, non semper est durus. Mater

quae interdum severa est, mater est bona. Animal quod
magnum est, forte non semper est. Qui est otiosus, piger
Quae sjju;)e est segra, misera est.
est.
Q,uod est bonum,
plerumque utile est. Homo qui non est probus, non est
honestus.
Vita quae non est honesta, plerumque est
misera.
gratus.

Amicus mens, qui

est mercator, vir facilis est et

qui est callidus, plerumque turpis est et
Si filius est industrius, pater plerumque est

Homo

improbus.

Qui

contentus.

Eem.

The

liber est

bonus

utilis est.

sometimes elegantly placed before its entecedent, as qvi Judex severus est, instead oijud.ejc qui severus est.
relative

is

47.
Tyrannus (m

), a tyrant.
Tyrannis (/.), tyranny.
Metallura (.), a metal.
Aurura (.), geld.

Bacillus (m.),

Baculum

{?i.'

};]

Bacillus (".),

Annulus (;.), a ring.

Natura {f.),nattcrt

Argentum (?t.), silver,

Ferrum (.), iron.

Spes (/.), hope.

Eem.

Baniltis and baculum arc different orthographies of

word, and belong

little

Your

ring

is

tlie

same

of nouns termed redundants.

(See Apa diminutive of baculus, and properly signifies o

to a class

Bacillus
stick, or caii4.

pendix.)

is

pretty.

Hope

is

a pleasing tbing.

cane

is

sometimes useful. Gold is a precious metal. Iron is a v.sebut not a precious metal. A servant who is dutiful is a
good servant. A queen who is haughty is not a good queen.
An enterprise that is useful is a good enterprise. He who is
cruel is not liunianc.
She who is harsh is not kind. What
^s good is not pernicious.
All nature is calm and bright. A
tyrant is sometimes unjust, but not always. A stick that is
long is not short. Every metal that is white is not silver.

ful,

ci4

ahn's method,

28

48,

etiamsi (conj.), even if, though, although.

Quamquam {conj^, though, although, however, how.
Tamen {conj.), yet, at least, nevertheless, however
Quam {conj. and adv.), than, as, how.
[^sible.
Quam maxime {adv.), very much, very greatly, as {much) a pot-

Equus piger

Rex

quoque.
regina quoque.

est et tu

Quam

durus est domiuus

Discipulus quam maxime est industrius. Vinum bonum est, etiamsi asperura.
Princeps fortis est et gcnerosus quoque.
Saepius frater
meus, quam sanus, teger est. Homo, qui est probus, est
Quamquam frater brevis est, tamen soror
etiam honestus.
Si homo est miser, temperies etiam est misera.
est longa.
Quamquam filius est otiosus, filia taraen est negotiosa.
Puer crudelis est, puella crudelis est, et animal quoque est
Frater meus est celsus, et soror mea quoque est
crudele.
celsa.
Si dominus est facilis, servus etiam facilis est.
aeger est et

Rem. The English locution and so, with a form of the verb to be
rendered in Latin by etiam or quoque, without the verb, as et tu
Acerra {and so fiR's. you Acerra). Generally also and other
particles, having the same power, may be rendered by etiam or quoque
indifferently; but et is very seldom found immediately preceding, or in
close proximity to etiam, so when and and also occur in the same sentence, it will be safer to use quoque.
is

quoque

49.
Certus, a, um, certain, sure, fixed, trustworthy.
Incertus, a, um, uncertain, doubtful, inconstant.
Mdlestus, a, um, annoying, troublesome, unpleasant.
Venustus, a, im, graceful, amiable, fitie, handsome.
InvTdus, a, am, envious, malicious, invidious.
Invidiosus, a, um, envious, hateful, odious

Rem. Adjectives ending in osus im^ly full of, or in encess of the

thing named, as invidus, envious, invidiosus, full of envy ; these adhowever, have sometimes other acquired meanings peculiar to
themselves thus invidiosus signifies hated and envied, as well as entious, or fnllof e^ivy : so formidolosus, /o;7ni(?a6fe, signifies both terrible

jectives,

and

terrified.

A cruel prince
is not annojing.
envious mind is a base mind. Death

Erery transaction
always bated.

An

ia
is

West iatin

29

cottese.

uncertain.
The slave, though lioublesome, is
The tyrant is always as cruel as possible. The
friend is graceful,
master is harsh and so is the mistress.
and so is her sister. The table is useful and so is the bench.
brother is little, and so a? I. Your ass is slow, and so
man who la
are you. The boy is lazy, and the girl too.
honest is likewise contented. If the sovereign is courteous,
the court is courteous also. Though the father is busy yet
certain,
dutiful.

life

My

My

the son

is

at leisure.

0.
Vb,

ea, id, ke, the, if, that.

Is bonus est filius, qui probus est.

Ea bona est mater,
Id judicium est crudele, quod inquae semper grata est.

iustum est. Id quod' nigrum est, non est album. Homo

qui probus est, is' honestus est homo.
Via quae brevis est,
Consilium quod utile est, id bonum est
ea grata est via.
consilium.
Puella venusta, id est,^ puella proba.
Dominus
Si ea quae venusta est, etiam est
nosier, id est, Deus.
proba, ea puella est bona.
Quod negotium est utile, id probum est negotium. Id quamquam magnum, non est bonum.
lUud est molestum, sed turpe alterum.

Rem. (1) Id quod, that which. The English pronoun that, when a
rendered by gtn, qiice, quod (see Rem. Ex. 46) when a demonstrative and followed by a noun, that is rendered by ille, but when
no noun follows, as in the example quoted from the text, then that put
demonstratively may be rendered either by ilk, ilia, illiid, or is, ea, id,
the latter being somewhat weaker and less emphatic than the former.
In this and
(2) Is honestus est homo, he is a riohteoits man.
similar locutions the demonstrative (is, ea, id) is elegantly used, though
redundant in English.
This abbreviation (t, e.) will frequently occur
(3) Id est, that is.
relative, is

throughout these lessons. Another common abbreviation, c. g, (exempli gratis, by way of example, or for imtanee) will be noticed when
we come to treat of the prepositions. (See also Remark to Ex. 10).

jnus, a, urn, one, single.

um, only.
um, only, alunc.
Primus, a, um, first, lest.
Tertius, a, um, third.
Du6d<;cimus, a, um, tioelflh
jnicLis, a,

Solus, a,

Periculosus, a, um, dangerous.

Vitiosus, a, um, vicious.

Curvus,

Cams,

a,

um, curved, cruoked.

a. um, dear, beloved,

Scriptus, a, um, vorittan,
apertus, a, um. open.

AHn's MK'i'HOD.

80
Rem.

Only

rendered by unicus in such expressions as, an oixly

son; under other circumstauees, when o/y is an adjective it is rendered by solus.
is

father, that is, God. Truth is the best pliilosophy. He

She is a haudsome girl, who
a ffood father who is severe.
is good. It is a useful enterprise, but dangerous. A boy who
Bread is often dear. Dear bread is
islazy, is a vicious boy.
stick is
not always good. Your little friend is my son.
long and crooked. One town is large, another small. An
open mind is an exalted mind. The father is busy, but the
man who is always idle is a wretched man.
Bon is alone.

Our

is

My

52.

Btoe (adv ), well, correctly, worthily.

Male (adv.), ill, badly, indifferently.
Longe {adv.), far, far off, by far, much.
Mullo {adv.), much, a great deal.
Omiilno {adv?), quite, altogether, wholly.
Quidem (adv.), indeed, certainly, truly, undoubtedly.

lUe homo
contentus.

est malfe

Nullus homo omnino est

bene scriptua est. Limes est

sobrius.

Non omnis

liber

Rex loug^ ssepius quam reapertus, et omnino sterilis.

Piier multo ssepius pigcr est quam puella.
gina segcr est.
Homo qui semper est otiosus, is quidem homo est miser. Is
bonus' quidem discipulus est, qui semper est industrius.
Una tyrannis est mitis, altera quidem* omnino crudelis.
Puer qui pigcr est, is non quidem filius est probus. Is
probus quidem judex solus est, qui Justus est et severns.
Hie homo est nobilis, qui probus quidem et honestiis est.
Rem.
(1) Is bonus quidem discipulus est, he is certainly a gooa
pupil.
Most adverbs admit of being placed at tlie head of a sentence,

but quidem must always have one or more words before it.
Qui(2) Altera quidem omnino crudelis. another altogether cruel.
dem in this sentence is an intcnsitive particle, and is often used, as iu
the text, merely to emphasise the other words.

53.

l^'J^S/.)
Tellus(/.

}the

earth, land.

i;^hi-un^nis{m.), February.
{m.), December.

December

Ratio (/.), reaso)'. considi^-ation.

Incuria (/.), carelessness.

NeglTgentia (/.), 7iegligence.
Diligentia (/.), diligence.

C6qnus (w),

avaritia (/.), avarice.

Solum

(n.), the soil,

ground.

Exercitatio (/.), exercise, practice.

a couk.

f^&ST lATIN COtTKSE.

Reis. Terra mesins

the ffhbe

we

31

and consequently stands

the same word, however, means also a
inhabit,

for the earth, world, universe ;

section of the earth, and in this usage answers to country, province,
land, territory.
Tellus is properly the goddess of the earth, and is

used metaphorically to signify the

eartli itself, ar.-d also

land in contra-

Solum is the surface of anything, and stands

ground and soil.

dislinction to sea.
sole, fioor,

for

as well ae

The earth is our great parent. This land is open and quite
barren.
The land is generally pleasing, the sea disagreeable
and inconstant. The soil is tractable and fertile. Every boy
is not vicious.
No book is wholly useless. Exercise is "a
wholesome medicine. Negligence is a troublesome companion.
Truly avarice is a disgraceful vice. Certainly diligence is a
useful virtue.
Undoubtedly hunger is a good cook. Carelessness is often dangerous.
Eeason is not always a just
counsellor.
February is a short, December a cold month. A
man who is idle is likewise wretched. Wine that is tart is
not always pernicious. A harsh master is indeed a bad

master.
54.
Valde (adv.),

Tarn {adv.),

Admbdum {adv.), \
Nondum {adv.), not

""''''^'

Hie

TJtpbte {adv.), inasmuch, as.

Nimis

{adv.),

Nimium

{adv.),

as muck.

ubi {adv.), where.

Melius {adv.), better.

'' ""'

so,

{adv.), here.

ibi {adv.), there.

yet.

'

liliter

{adv.), otherwise.

Rem. The adverbs valde and admodum, are nearly alike in power,
but the latter, though weaker, is perhaps the more elegant of the two.

admodum excelsum. Servus meus est valde

mea est valde bene. Otium turpe est vitium
ct valde noxium.
Tarn miles est homo quam tu. Discipulus meus longe piger est niraitim.
Pccunia nimis muita
Palatium

est

Filia

Eger.

Bsepe est periculosa.

ille

murus

annulus

quam

est,

est

alter.

locus est tarn

Ubi

est prseceptor

ager est meus.

meus

Tbi,

ubi

Hie, ubi bacillus tuus

est,

Unus liber multb melius est scriptua

NuUus liber omnino est inutilis. Nullus
pulcher quam saltus.
Frater meus nondum

meus.

Prseceptum si justum est utile, si

Consors meus dominus est probus, utpoto
vir est honestus.
Soror tua valde est contenta sed fratet
tuus omnino est miser.
vir est valde doctus.
aliter inutile.

AHN*S METHOD.

82

55.
a, um, deep, high, profound, insatiabk.
um, sharp, keen, acute, clever..
Clarus, a, um, brilliant, illustrious, noble, admired.
Bfinignus, a, um, beneficent, gracious, bountiful,
Lacediem6nius, a, um, Lacedemonian, Spartan.
Tniquus, a, um, uneveti, disadvantageous, iniquitous, heartless,

Profundus,
&cutus, a,

llE^i.High and diep are rendered by

altus,

relentlens

but unless depth in re-

lation to perpendicular height is implied, deep is

more commonly ren-

dered by profundus.

The sea is deep. The sky is high. My son is very ill.

Every joy is too short. A great war is often an unjust war.
Insatiable avarice is a disgraceful thing.
No one is so industrious as my pupil. This book is not too difEcult. An animal
that is cruel, is a noxious animal. Praise is always agreeable,
but not always useful. Our queen is a good and gracious
Napoleon the Third is a great and illustrious sovewoman.
reign.
Nothing is so renowned as Spartan courage. If the
merchant is not crafty, his mind at least is acute.
boy so
lazy as you are, is not a dutiful son.

56.
Est, he w, the

is, it is,

non

Quamquam

est miser.

vinum

there is.

Si homo est contentus

puella est pigra, tamen est

Est unus Deus. Est hie dominus

Ubi
album et
pulchrum, ferrum durum et utile.
Si judex est durus, non
judex est Justus. Quamquam mercator est acutus, tamen
injustus
non est princeps
est
est probus.
Si imperator
bcnignus.
Quamquam Napoleon est severus, non est imBellum res turpis est, si non est justura.
perator durus.
Quamquam solum est sterile, tamen est pretiosum. Puella
Baepius est otiosa, quam puer, sed ea non est tarn mala quam
proba.

Si

aurum

est,

ibi

est

asperum, plerumque est sanum.

ssepe est vitium.

Argentum

est

ille.

Rem. When est or any other verb occurs in a sentence, the personal
pronouns, /, you, he, she, it, there, S;c. are usually understood in Latin,
when (jowcver they are emphatic, or when there is a distinction implied, as in KB i taller than she is, then the pronouns must be
expressed.

yi-iST

LATIS

COUliSi;.

57,
1

Exdium

(w.), exile, baniik^nviit.

Trtberna (/.), a hut, i)m, shop.

Venia (/.), pardon, /orgivt.tsss.

^gritudo

(/.), care, sorrow.

Rem. E*ul and exsxl

otliers omit the
one n only.

s.

In

aro tb

like

Fort una {/.), fate, fortune.

elcctrum (^^.), ambor.
Causa (/.), a cause.
(ilobus (w.), a globe.
Pusitio (/.), site, pofition.
Hyacinthus (w.), a hyacinth.

s.'.mc

word, some writers insert and

is sometimes written with

Kuuner innulus

Is there an inu here ?

Exile is a hard fate. An exile ia
generally wretched. Amber is a beautiful substance.
The
hyacinth is a very pretty flowep. Sorrow is sometimes useful.
Forgiveness is a generous act.
reward is uselcsj
if not just.
One's own house, even if a hut, is always pleasing.
The reason is good if tlie cause is good. Though the
master is severe, yet he is a good master. The girl is handsome, if she is dutiful. Land is valuable if it is fertile. Our
great parent, the earth, is a globe.
town is generally healthy,
if the site is wholesome.
song is generally pleasing, if
it is short.
Though the bread is black, it is nevertheless
good.

58.
Siit (adv.),

satis

Unquam {adv.), ever.

Nunquam {adv.), never.

r"""'"-

(arfi,.)-

Fortasse {adv.), perhaps.

Usquara

Dum

Nusquam

(adv.), whilst, until.

Els {adv.),

T6r

Sat

is

anywhere.
nowhere.

{adv.),

ubicunque {adv.), wherever.

{adv.), thrice.

Eem.

{adv.),

iibique (adv.), everywher...

ttvice.

a contraction of satis, and

is

mostly used in aphorism

and colloquial locutions.

"Una plerumque tegritudo sat est.

Aqua satis est bona
pura est. Dum anima est, spes est. Hsec pecunia bis
nimis est multa. Quod non est usquam, nusquam est. Si
imperium est crudele, populus nunquam est contentus
Deus est ubique, sed homo non est ubique. Quamquam
vinum est asperum fortasse est bonum.
Non est homo
usquam, qui est omnino vitiosus. Bouum consilium est
pretiosum quamquam iugratuni.
Liber melius scriptua
si

quam

tuus

nusquam

est.

Nullum gaudium unquam

est

AUN

MEXnOD.

Bonus judex interdum severus est, durua

nunquam, Ubicunque est auroin, ibi plerumque est vitium.
Tcr nobilis est ille homo qui Justus, probuB, et bonestus est.
nimis longam.

59.
Salutaris,

Mutabilia,

salutary, beneficial.

e,

Admirabilis,

e,

admirable, wonder-

Libferalis, e, liberal,
lUibfiralis, e,

Comis,

e,

unchangeable.

Fidelis, e, faithful.
Tristcs,

enlightened

c,

sad.

Inibellis, e,

mean, sordid.

e, ajff'able,

changeahh, mutable.

e,

Immutabilis,

ful.
Lenis, e, mild, lenient.

iltsCrabllis,

Comrauuis,

obliging.

unwarlike.
e,

e,

pitiable.

common.

The do(j is a faithful animah Every animal is not fiiithful.

Nothing is so wonderful as instinct. A man who is anywhere is nowhere.
No vice is so pitiable as avarice. A
The girl is handis faithful, is a dutiful servant.
if she is good enough.
The sea is sometimes
Man is changeagreeable, but oftener by far disagreeable.
Sorrow is sometimes inable, God alone is unchangeable.
Our queeu is a kind and
i'urious, sometimes beneficial.
enient woman.
Every man is not hard and sordid. Your
brother is an obliging and an agreeable companion. Napoleon
the Third is an illustrious and enlightened sovereign. Although my friend is an unwarlike man, yet he is a very good
servant that

some enough,

citizen.

60.
aUus,

alia, aliud, other,

uter, utra,

another, else.

utrum, which, which of the two.

urn, unripe, ttitlcr, disobliging, stern.

acerbus, a,
Forniidblosus, a, ura, timid, terrible.
iracundus, a, ura, given to anger, irascible, hasty, testy.
M6deiatus, a, wm, moderate, frugal, well-disciplined.

Uter

est

mens ? Alius

est, ille

Mare

mens non

est.

Unus homo

ssepe est formidolosum.

Soror
Medicina acerba interdum est
tua est valde formidolosa.
exilium.
Sencx
salutaris. Fo-rtuna tristis et miserabilis est
Si homo illiberalis est ct
saepe est difficilis et iracundus.
Prceceptor mcus vir probua
invidus, plerumque est miser.
Quamquara nostra regina est valde clara,
est et doctus.
Si dorainus est iniquus, servua
etiam est valde benigna.
est comis, alter acerbus.

plerumque

est

improbu..-

Hie annulus

alter est.

non

est

FIRST LATIN C0UR83

35

meus. Ilaee avis est alia, non est mea. Hoc vinum est aepeUnas homo est liberalis, alter illiberalis.
rum, aliud lene.

Mors

altera est vita.

Other and another may generally be rendered by alius or

but not always. When an English word has in this way two or
n;ore Latin equivalents, the learner will have to be guided in choosing
one of them, by the examples of their use given in the text.

Rem.

alter,

61.
Siicius (w.),

Co^i&ni\o{f.),astra\n{ng,d%spute,
Brevltas (/.), shortness, brevity.
Auctorltas (/.), authority, infiu-

S6dalis {c.g.),^ a companion.

C6m6s

(c.

g.), )

Poeta (/n.), a poet.

Dictator (wi), a dictator.
Janitor (m.), a dnor-keeper.
Scriptuni {>!.), a tcriting, work.

Rem.

Socius

ence.

Piidor (.), modesty.

^dlflcium

(?!.),

an

edifice, build'

ing.

like consors, signifies

a sharer in the same fortune,

and besides companion, stands for intimate, adherent, ally, confederate,

companion-in-arms, and accomplice, ^'oc^a^js signifies a companion in
a convivial sense, and answers to comrade, school-fellow, and also such
Comes properly means a fellow-trafamiliar terms, as chum, crony.
veller,

but

is

equivalent to corjidant,

and likewise means a count or

accessary, attendant, follower,

earl.

Your brother is mj schoolfellow. My attendant is youi

The emperor is our faithful ally. Your doorkeeper

friend.

Brevity is generally pleasing.

another stick, it is not mine. The edifice is beautiful
Wine is sometimes strong, sometimes
and very stately.
is

certainly very obliging.

This

is

well-disciplined man is alv^ays affable.

work
mild.
The hyacmth is a very
that is costly is not always useful.
the
envious,
his
song
flower.
If
poet
is
is
bitter.
graceful
Nothing is so
dictator is sometimes cruel, but not always.
Too much influence is often
disgraceful as a foolish dispute.
Timid modesty is amiable and pleasing,
a dangerous thing.

but not always useful.

02.
Patiens {adj), enduring, patient.
Prudens {adj.), prudent, wise,
Clemens {adj^j, clement, merciful.
Conffnens {adj.), abstemious, se!f-

denying.
DiTigens {adj.), diligent.
'ISieg]igf>ns{adj.),?tegli^enl,careles9.

Tempgrans

(adj.), temperate.

'

'

'

Intempgrans {adj.), intemperate.

Vecors {adj.), silly, frantic.

Senex
Velox

{adj.), old.
{adj.), swift.

Fugax {adj.), .fleeting.

Pugnax {adj ), fond of f-jjUino

86

ahn's method.

Rem.

Some adjeolives

ders, as masculine

liave only

diligcns,

learner will understand that

nine or neuter termination,

one tcrmina'..v/fl for all tbree genfeminine diligcns, neuter diligens.

The
adjective is given without a femiit belongs to this class.
(See also Ap-

when an

pendix.)

Servus patiens, serva patiens, animal patiens.

Ees est
Cervus animal est velox et venustum. Discipulus diligens filius est probus. Metallqm pulchrum, durum,
et pretiosum est aurum.
Frater tuus est sodalis et carus
amicus meus. Ille juvenis diligens est, alius negligens.
Comes meus homo est intemperans, tuus vir temperans.
Domina mea anus est et adraodum iracunda.
Dictator, si
Is puer est probus, qui
vir moderatus, intcrdum est utilis.
semper diligens est et industrius. Quae puella est vecors
Q,ui princeps est
et ingrata, ea non est puella venusta.
clemens, patiens et continens, is socius est pretiosus.
Si
homo liberalis etiam est prudens, is bonus est civis. Quamvita fiigax.

quam janitor noster stepe est eeger, tamen semper est conten tus.
63.

Pax
Lex

(/.), peace.

Lux

(/.), light.

Nix

(/.),

Nox
Nux
Rem

(/.),

a law.

snow.

Vox

(/.), a voice
Rggio (/.), a country, region.
Mendaciuni (m.), a falsehood.

(/.), night.

Ebriosltas (/.), inebriety.

C6lor (m.), a colour.

(/.), a nut.

Fur

(c. g.),

a vagabond, a thief

In

Plautus and the older writers the word/wr signifies simply a tlave, but in Cicero and the latter authors, the word becomes
Bynonymous with vagabond. A similar interchange of verbal meaniflg
is observed in English ; ttuis, the word knave (derived from the Saxon
knabe, u boy) is used by Shakespear to designate a servant, though
now only used in the sense of a rogue.

The boy

prudent, the girl is prudent, and the animal is

is not just.
Falsehood is indeed your
voice is very soft. No gift is so precious as light.
cold region is generally healthy. The night
is very calm and clear.
This nut is bitter, but the other ia
This colour
sweet. Inebriety is certainly a disgraceful vice.
is pleasing, the other disagreeable.
Nothing is so pure and
lovely as white snow.
If the site is wholesome, the building
is generally healthy.
One witness is an honest man, the
is

prudent.

All praise

delight.

The human

FIRST LATIN COtTESE.

37

other undoubtedly a thief. He is an upright citizen who 18

abstemious, temperate, and prudent.
Our old door-keeper la
an intemperate man, but lie is a faithful servant.
64.

Signum

insignia, representation, figure, statue.

Simulacrum (m.), a resembUmce, spectre, image, picture, status.
Benfeftcium (n.), an advantage, kindness, blessing.
(n.),

sigti,

rellcitas (/.), happiness, prosperity, success.

Suppliciura {m.), supplication, punishment, puhlic-execution,
Scelus (n.), a wicked thing, a fault, wickedness, villany, guilt; also (w.),
a ivicked person, a villain.

Res fugas est felicitas. K'on semper utile suppliclum est.

Signum illud est nubile at admodura excelsum. Simulacrum hoc pulchrum est, aliud venustum.
Domus tua
sedificium est magnum et splendidum. Scelus nullum est tarn
Si puer seger est, plerumque est
turpe quam meudacium.
miser.
Quamquam soror tua est parva tamen est venusta.
meus
est
diligens,
sed serva ncgligens nimium.
Servus
Testis improbus

magnum

homo

Lux beneficium est

magnum est, supplicium

est raiserabilis.

et admirabile.

Si scelus

etiam est magnum.

Is discipulus vecors est, qui semper
Rex vaster homo est iniamperans, sed
piger est et otiosus.
Nullus homo, qui non
domina
est prudens.
regina vestra
Si aqua est
est moderatus, unquam omnino est contentus.
pura, Sana est, si aliter noxia.

Rem.

The auxiliary

sentence. (See

Rem. Ex.

is

seldom expressed in the third clause of a

44.)

65.
Stagnans (adj.), stagnant.
Atrox (adj.), atrocious.

Dives (adj.), rick, abounding.

Ldcuples i^adj.), rich, copious.
dptiluns (adj.), opulent, wealthy.
Pauper (^adj.), pour.
Bipes {adj.), biped, tvBU-footed.

Arrdgans (adj.), arrogant,

Deses {adj.). slothful.

Mendax

Audens

Rem.

(adj.), false, deceitful.

Kick,

Fferox (adj.), ferocious.

{adj.), daring.

when abundance of money

or possessions is implied,
may generally be rendered by dives ; but, when full or luscious ia
in
this
sometimes
last sense giner'osus u
signified, locuples is better ;
used, as vinuui generosum, rich wine.

ahn's method.

0%

poor man is often conoften wi'ctclied.

tentetl.
This is a large and opulent city. Your door-keeper
fleetin<^.
Man is a two-footed
Life
short
and
is
is very old.
judge is atroslothful life is a sbameiul life.
animal.
book if copious is generally easy.
cious, if he is cruel.
cruel mind is a ferocious
Stagnant water is very pernicious.
well-disciplined man is never arrogant or ferocious.
mind.
If a bench is long it is very useful, but if otherwise, not so useful.
An author is copious enough, if the book is otherwise good.
man who is brave and daring is the best soldier.
boy
who is slothful and deceitful is an undutiful son.

mau

rich

is

66.

MSgis

Tantum

(adv.), more.

(adv.),

")

MaxTnie (adv.), most.

Minus (adv.), less.

Soliim {adv.),

[oidi/.

M6dd

Miniiue (adv.),

Adbuc

Piiaium

Parum

least.

{<ulv.).,fij St,

at first:

(adn.), but little.

Sic {adv). so, thus.

Luxuriose (adv.), luxuriously.

(adv.),

(adv.), hitherto,

still.

F^re (adv.), almost, always.

Deinde(rf.), then, andthen,from
thetice, next.
Tandem (adv.), at length, at last.

Mi/lime besides being equivalent to least, stands for at least

Reji.
not the less, not at all, by no means, in no wise.

Bellum adhuc incertum est. Longfe mors nunquam est.

Ager sterilis panun est utilis.
Vinum primiira asperum
est, deinde molle.
Puer saepe deses est, puella minime
soepe.
Miles est fortis, vel minime audens.
Mercator est
dives, sed fratcr pauper ejus.
Ter honestus est ille homo,
qui probus, certus, et fidelis est.
Ubicunque aqua est pura
rogio fere sana est.

Quamquam

janitor noster est pauper,

est negotiosus, uxor est

non minus estcontentus. Maritus

magis negotiosa, sed filius maxira^
est industrius, serva

nime

est industrius.

est

est negotiosus.
Servus
mi;iU3 industria, sed coquna mi-

Tyrannus non modo

est crudelis, sed

Aqua non solum est pura, sed etiam sana.

etium ferox.
Est hie tantum uuus liber.

Rem. Only, used in tlie sense of nothing hut, is rendered by tantum

oader other circumstances, wlieu au adTcrh bv modo or solum.

JIliST

LATIN COURSE.
67.

Victus, a,
quered.

Obscurus,

uni,

Ktn,

a,

dense.
Fructuosus,

vanquished,

con-

obscure, dark,

a,

Rotundus,
Afflictus,

a,

um, fruitful, pro-

ductive,

Amplus,

Neccssarius, a, um, necessary.

Veius, a, urn, true, real.

um, spacious,

sto tely.

a,
a,

um, round.

um,

ufflicled.

Flavus, a, um, yellow.

Pcrfectus, a, um. perfect.
Stultus, a, um,foulisk, stupid.

a briglit and yellow metal. No man is quite per.

feet.
conquered king is generally prudent. Diligence i3
always productive. An old man is oftencr afflicted than
youth. Wine is more necessary than water. An obscure
author is sometimes useful. Your brother is always affable,
and polite. The palace is a beautiful and very stately edifice.
The earth is a globe, but it is not quite round. An upright
man is generally a true and faithful friend.
pupil is
much more industrious than yours.
boy who is always
idle, is a foolish boy.
The site is not only beautiful but
healthy also.
daughter is by no means handsome, but
li is prudeut and diligent.
The merchant is not only rich,
but generous and liberal also. Here is the stupid old womap

Gold

is

My

My

at last

Dulcis, e, siLcel, charming, delicious, pleasing.

Suavis, e, steeet, luscious, delightful, courteous.
Gravis, e, heavy, important, severe, grave,
Singiilaris, e, single, singular, strange, extraordinary, eccentric
Perennis, e, lasting, durable, continual.

Vestalis, e, of or belonging to Festa, vestal.

Splendida et gravis ilia est causa. Kihil est tam perenne

quara aurum. Magister semper suavis est noster et urbanus.
Latebra maxim^ singularis locus est mca. lUud simulacrum
vestale

pulchrum

amicus

est probus, fidelis et verus.

est et

adraodum excelsura.

turpis et stultus est tuus.

aurum

Nemo
mus

est.

Comes mens
homo mendax,
Eotundus flavum annulus meus

Ha3c nox est frigida,

est perfectus

Deus

solus est

Sodalis

sed mininie

omnino

obscura.

perfectus.

Do-

ampla, sed hortus nimis est parvus. Legatua

Tester non solum vir est callidus, sed etiam yalde acutus.
satis est

AHN

40
Res acerba

METHOD,

est conientio gravis.

Hoc vinum

rus et arrogans.

Sauvis non est omnis

dulce,

Domiuus homo est sevomoUe est et gencrosum.

flos.

Rem. Sweet may be rendered by diilcis wben any of tbe senses is

Severe
implied, but by suavis with the sense of taste or smell only.
is mostly rendered by severus in speaking of persons, and by gravis in
Bpeaking of things, as vir severus, a severe man, vuhuis grave, a severe
inanimate nouns, ai

severus is also sometimes used \Yith

pcenasevcra, a severe punishment.

wound; but

69,
Caluninia (/.), o calumny,
Paupertas ( /.), poverty,

Culpa (/.), a fault, blame.

Crimen (n.), a crime, a fault.
Clamor (m.), an outcry, a s/ioiit.
Frons {m, or /.), the brow, fore-

Severitas (/.), severity.

LenTtas (/.), lenity.

Ilislbria

head.

Rectum

Mons

a mountain.

(ot.),

Rem.
is

/.), history.

When the noun fault means something

forethought
tion

Linea (/.), a line.

Exccptio (/.), an exception.

(n.), integrity, right.

done wrong without

rendered by culpa, or vitium, and when premeditasce.lus or crimen.

it is

implied, by

If the fimlt is serious, the punisliraont is severe. Tbe

punisliment is severe, therefore the fault is serious. Integrity
Every line is not straight. Calumny is an
is true nobility.
odious vice, if not a crime. History, if true, is a fuitliful moniThis water
the
forehead
is high the mind is spacious.
If
tor.

Nothing is so silly as a foolish shout.

hot.
One
generally more beneficial than lenity.
pupil is a most
a forest, another a mountain.
prudent man is never haughty
industrious young man.
or arrogant. Your friend is a very polite, but a very singular
mar. The boy is lazy, or at least indolent. Your king is a
Although
brave soldier, but he is by no means prudent.
poverty is very unpleasant, yet it is often salutary.
is

by no means

Severity

boundary

is

My

is

70.
est,

Rem.

The

there is

particles

some

est

is

there any.

some and any when used in expressing an

in-

definite quantity are usually understood in Latin.

Ibi est pecunia.

Hie

est vinuni

Ubi

est

Non

est

hoc satis. Mons est alius scd non difBcilis. Flos splendidus
Deus est Justus, benignus et pater
et pulcber hyacintbus.

FIRST lAllX COURSE.

Homo

41

meus. Eex
Regina nostra
homo est mendax et arrogans.
domina est clara et amica generosa. Juvenis negotiosus
plerumque sanus est et gratus. Qui animus est segrotus, is
Ilia mensa est rotunda, illud scamHon sanus est animus.
Bum longum. Senex mercator est locuples, et amicus
Omnis laus est noxia, qute justa non est.
tarus meus.
bonus.
vaster

ille

meus

/)iscipulus

tam

singularis

saepe

tristis

Filius tuus sat est venustus,

vinum

asperum, tamcn

est

comes

vel

est

probus

si

admodum

est

miuime

est

gravis.

Quamquam hoc

est.

generosum.

71.
Assiduiis, a,

Sedulus,

a,

um, assiduoiis.
um, sedulous.

Libidtiiosus, a, uni, Ikeiitiout.

Immcnsus, a, um, vast.

Pius, a, um, godly, 2nous, devout.
Belllcosus, a, um, uarlike.

Here

Eiiber, Lra,

brum, red.

Rarus, a, um, rare, thin.

Eobustus, a, um, robutt.
Iiifirmus, a, um, injirm,
Divinus, a, um, divine.

^ternus,

a,

um,

eternal.

some water.

Is there any bread here ? Is it good ?

Human reason is a divine gift. The world is vast and wonderful.
young man is robust, an old man generally infirm.
The ostrich is not a very rare bird. This line is red, the
other black.
pious man is also a righteous man. An assiduous boy is generally a good scholar.
warlike man is
not always a good citizen. God is eternal and unchangeable,
man mortal and changeable. Eich wine is not so wholesome as pure water. That yellow substance which is so
bright, is amber.
licentious people is generally a slothful
and wretched people. The old woman is sedulous and diligent, the old man lazy and indolent.
is

72.
Veliemens {adj.), fierce, hiph, passionate, vehement.
Sapiens {adj.), wise, intelligent, sensible.
Preestans {adj.), surpassing, eminent, pre-eminent, prominent, brave,
gallant,

Audas

{adj.), audacious, bold, daring.

fclax {adj.),

Aaceps

devouring, insatiable, gluttonous.

{adj.), two-edged, double-faced, doubtful.

Victoria regina^ domina praestans est et clara.

Napoleon
imperator sociusest certus etprinceps audax. Urbs Roma* noa
eetvulde magna, sed admodum est preestans.
Nulla urbs tai

D 3

4i

AnN*S METflOT.

est nobilis

quam

Culpa

mea, crimen

urbs Roina.^

Peciinia sola

non

est felicitaa.

Struthiocamelus avis est

Ventus est
edax.
Ees incerta et anceps bellum est.
vehemens et frigidus. Qui liomo csi iatemperans, plerum-

que

est

tuiira.

Instinctus crudelis vehemens et ferox in-

est eager.

Quam vehemens

stinctus est.

et iracunda est ilia

mulier

Rex

Miles bonus est,

sapiens semper Justus est et clemcns.
Dea vcstra est pecunia, deus
si f'ortis, prudens et audax.
Tester aurum.
Medicina ssepe est salutaris, sod nimis multa
valde noxia.
Quamquam hoc signura non est magnum,

tamen venustum
Rem.

(1)

signifying- llie

et

admodum

est excelsum.

"Wlien two nouns

Yictoria rcgina, Qtiecn Victoria.
same thing or person follow cacli other in this way tlicy

are said to be in apposition.

After the words town, city,
(2) Urbs llonia, the city of Rome.
island, fountain, the particle of is dropped in Latin, before the name
of a place, and both nouns are put in apposition, as urbs Londinuni, the
city ov London; Sicilia insula, tlie island of Sicily; fons Arfetliusa,
the fountain of Arethusa.
(3) Designations and
rex, king Darins

titles generally stand

second in Latin, as,
; Vespasianus imperator, the Emperor VespaBritannia insilla. the island qf Britain ; but urbs Athenae, the
city of Athens, or, better, urbs Athenienwa.

Darius
sian

73.
Melior (m, and/.),
/
n/rxi^ \
M6hns(?ieMC.),
DScllis,

1 , ,,
> better.
^

e, docile.

Sublimis,

Humllis,

e,
c,

sublime, high.
low, humble.

I.evis, e, light, trivial.

Ind6c11is, e, untcachahle.

Frtigi

Implumis, e^featherlcss.

Talis, e, such,

Venfirabilis, e, worshipful.

Qualis,

1 i

s,

e,

e,

fragile,

fra il.

li\-e.

what, w: at sort

of.

UEyi.Melior

is an adjective of two terminations, tiiat is, it has

melior for the masculine, melior for the feminine, and melius for the
neuter.
Melius is an adverb as well as the neuter of melior. (See

Ex. 54.)
is aln'ays better than war.
The boy is little better
girl.
A good example is better than a pious preSuch a man is certaiuly iit human. Every mind is
This book is mine,
not docile. My home is a Immble hut.
Too much water is not wholesome. A contented
that yours.
man is very rare. What sort of man is your master P
Human life is frail and fleeting. Eve^/ mind is not exalted
and sublime. Man is a two-footed, featherless animal. Grief

Peace

than the

cept.

>

43

FTEST LATIN COTTRSE.

sometlmea liglit, sometimes severe. The judge is an upright and venerable man=
A wild beast is generally unteachA cruel man is generally a harsh
able, but not always.
master. Mildness is generally agreeable but not always. The
horse is not only a graceful, but a useful animal.
is

74.

Vg (conj. and enclitic), or.

Nee (co;y.),
I ^'"''^"^'
,,;,^e^ '""^,,or
Neque {cnnj.), S

ui (conj.), as, how, that.

^'^^ {conj.), even, especially.

Nam

Uuoniam

{conj.), \

''"

6nim

"

Quia

(conj.), since, that,

Some words are

less,

termed

Jot'

as.

Nisi {conj.), except,

{conj.), because.

Eem.

igitur {conj.), therefore, then.

asmuch

{conj.), J
inio {conj.), yes, yea.

without, un-

besides, but.

because they are always

attached to some other word of the sentence, and never stand alone.
When an enclitic is used in connecting two words, it is generally appended to the second, as bis terve (for bis ve ter), twice or thrice. Fe
is used instead of aut or vel in connecting single words, but not entire
enclitics,

sentences.

Nullus locus est tarn pulcher, tarave sublimis ut' saltus.

Est hicliber tuus ? Imo. Hlc nihil est nisi^ otium. Vinum
est dulce, quia est mollo.
Nulla est alia tellus nisi terra.
Ut illud est gratum, sic hoc est molestum. Exercitatio
semper est salutaris, interdum vel quidera necessaria..
Quamquam vita humana non est longa, tamen satis est

homo

est contentus.
Animal est ferox, ergo est
Discipulus meus diligens est, igitur' est juvenis
prudens.
Scamnum non est mensa, neque ferrum aurum.
Non omuis puer est piger, nee omnis puella negligens.
Poena neque fames, neque exilium, neque mors est ejus.
Ager tuus est pretiosus, nam est fertilis et fructuosus.
Omnis res non est utilis, omnis enim* res non est bona.

longa,

si

crudele.

Rem.

(1) Ut Saltus, as a forest. The conjunction 5 after so {tarn)

be rendered either by ut or quam.
Nisi otium, but idleness. But is only rendered by nisi after
nihil, as in the text.
(3) Igitur est juvenis prudens, he is therefore a prudent young man.
The conjunctions ergo and igitur have nearly the same power, consequently therefore in most constructions may be rendered by either.
In stating a reason, for may
(4) Omnis enim res, for everything.
be rendered either by nam or enim.
When used in this way 7mm is
usually placed at the head cf tha sentence, and enim always after the
fiiBt or second word

may

(2)

AHN

44

METnOD.
75.

Civitas (/.), a state, country, or dly.

Rfspubltca (/.), a commonwealth, stale, or repuhlie.
Vis (/.), violence, strength, force^ jioivcr.
Studium (n.), study, 2iractice, application.
Amnis {m. or/.), a stream, the sea, a river.
CondimeiLt'i'n (?;.), a condiment, inyredient, sauce, or spice.

There is nottiintr here but violence. Tliis river is not so

Every man is not upright, neither is
swift as the other.
every man dishonest. Your comrade is not very cheerful, nor
daughter is prudent and dihgent, thereis he very sad.
fore she is a dutiful girl. Your pupil is an industrious youth,
Hunger is a delicious
for he is always active and assiduous.
sauce. This money is twice or three times too much. Sedulous
study is always beneficial and productive. Power, if not well
disciplined, is a dangerous thing.
state that is licentious is

My

likewise wretched. An opulent commonwealth is generally

warlike. The master is severe because the servant is lazy.
judge is not righteous unless just and severe.
mother is
often 'l', but my father is always healthy.
warlike man is
Rot always a useless citizen.

My

16.
.

J
ipsa, ipsura,
ipse,

Rex

himself, hertelf, itself, he himself, she herself,

^
^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^,^.^^ ^^.^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^_
c

ipse est monitor meus.

Ipsa ubi est rcgina

Vinum

Ilia ipsa
ipsum non est noxium. Hic puer est ipse.
domina raagistra est nostra. Si homo non est contentus,
Venia lex divina est. Spes est dulcis, sed
ipse est causa.
etiam mendax. !Mulier uon minus est dura quam vir ejus.
Animal est iraplume, ergo non est avis. Mercator aut frater
Censors meus vir plus est et honestus.
eju8 est opulens.

Eegio hsec

fertilis est,

alia

sterilis.

Animus magnus

Quod perfectum

est,

semper est
non semper facile.
Si populus est iudustrius respublica plerumque opulens est.
Si iraperator est prudens, populus plerumque est contentus.
fion est

humilis.

mutabile.

Asinus animal

Quamquam

hic liber est

et celsus

est docile, sed

facilis, utilis

tamen

est.

Like the word tamen in the text, conjunctions and adverbs

fiEM.
are elegantly placed at the end of the sentence.

riKST LATIN COURSE.

46

77.
Hostis

(c.

Q.),}

Vcstis (/.), rfress, clothet.

Tcmpus
Furor (m.), madness, fury.
Verbum (n.), a word, or saijinff.
Lapis (m.), a stone.

Saxum
Rem.

Corpus

(n), a rock, or stone.

Hostis generally

Where
advice

is tlie

itself is

(ra.),

<iwe.

Career (;.), a 2iTison.

Prtcsldium {n), a fortress.
Caro (^f), flesh, meat.
(i.), the

hody.

signifies a public, inimicus a private

enemy.

Is this the girl herself? The

Money itself is nothing. That

king himself?
valuable.

very place is a fortress. That very girl is my sister. That is

the very word. h. crafty man is a dangerous foe. Every
enemy is not cruel and atrocious. Flesh is very -wholesome
food.
Every stone is not precious, nor every metal gold.
rugged rock is sometimes graceful. How prudent that young
man is
The reason is obscure, the cause uncertain.
Time is swift and
temperate man is generally healthy.
gay dress is
ileeting.
Passionate fury is a terrible thing.
prison is by no means so harsh a
generally fragile.
punishment as exile. A sharp saying or maxim is often useful.
If the body is diseased, the mind is generally not

A
A

healthy.
78.

Qufs? quae? quid? orqubd? uho'i uhich^ ivhat?

some one, any

QuTs, quae or qua, quid or qu6d, some, any,

thing,

Quis hie
tuus

any

est }
Quae hscc merccs est ?
est id ^
Si qua virtus est,

Quid

one,

some-

thiny.

Quod nomen
hi* est.

est

Si quia

est ncgotiosus, frater est negotiosus.

Si quid est sanum,
aqua est sana.
Qu8B est alia tellus, nisi terra ? Domina est
vehemens, quaj ratio est ? Mors est certa, tempus incertum.
Ubi est vitium, ibi scelus. Unum verbum plerumque sat est.
Lapis hie utilis est, alter inutilis.
Vox tua magis est
grata quam mea.
I)iscipulus raeus juvenis est protus,
assiduus enim et diligens est, Omnis homo non est tam locuples, tamve liberalis quam frater tuus.
Homo nimis bellicosus numquam rex est prudens,
Quis hie furor est ? Quae
fortuna tam misera quam exilium? Quod vinum tarn gencroBum ut album ? Quid tam durum quam pcenainjusta i

46

ahn's metuod.

Rem.

Tbo interrogative pronoun what ?

-wlien foliowcd by a noun ii

gcnrrally rendered by quis ? quce? or quod? accordinij to gender. liul
when no noun follows, or wlien negotium {tkinp, qffair} is implied,
tben u/iat 9 is rendered by quid?

79.
Latro (ri.), a higliwai/man.
Dies (m. or/.), a dai/.
Aura (/.), breeze.'
Sol

(ni.), the

I-'ibor (m.), toil, labour.

opus

(?;.),

work, a work.

orutio (/.), speech, an oration.

Lingua (/.), the tongue, a lan-

sun.

Luna (/.), the moon.

Thesaurus {m.),a treasure,
Formica (/.), an ant.

guage.
Scnteiitia (/.),

an

opi7iion,

Voluptas (/.), pleasure.

In riautus and

the older writers latro signifies a soldiir, but

in Cicero and the hitter writers the word is mostly in the sense of an
armed freebooter, or a robber of the bandit class. (See Rem, Ex. 63).
Re:\i.

Who

Wliat life is long ? What is tliis ? If any

is that ?
If anything is sweet,
is lenient, our queen is lenient.
What book is this ?
What is more
lioney is sweet.
danirerous than pleasure?
What is more precious than
one

gold? Who is more gorily tlian an honest man? What

What is so swift as time ? A
is more pleasing than hope ?
highwayman is often cruel and ferocious. A faithful friend is
Pleasure
is
crafty foe.
treasure.
a
One day is short,
real
a
a;2fZ another long. Hard labour is by no means agreeable. Your

Speech is a divine
opinion is sometimes just, but not always.
light breeze is pleasing and wholeand precious gift.
some. Tlie sun is a vast and beneficent globe. The moon ia
not so bright as the sun. Every language is not sweet and
The world is not less magnificent than wonderfuh
copious.

80.
Felix [adj.), happy, forlunale.
Infelix {adj.), unhappy, unfortu-

Paratus,

a, \xm,

I'utcrnus, a,

Nefarius,

um, happy, blessed.

um, captured, taken.
um, clothed, drtsscd.
Scelestus, a, um, wicicd, guilty.
Beatus,
Captus,

a,

a,

Vestitus, a,

Facundus,
Fccundus,

a,

prepared, ready.

um, paternal.
um, abominable.

a, uin,
a,

um,

eloquent.
)

...

Foccundus,a,um,i^''''-/*''-

Pronus,

a,

um, addicted.

"Rem. Beatus means happy as regards mental impulses, /e//.r mostly

to happiness arising from physical and outward sources^ and
generally implies individual action.
refers

4*^

FIKST lATlN COUJiSE,

Nemo malus

Homo

contentus non est infelix.

Homo honestus
Vir bonus et prudens semper est felix.
est.
Est
luec
tua sententia ?
Dies est
plerumque beatus
Quam pulchra est haec regio ? Lex padulcis et Serena.
Societas humana non est perfecta.
terna, lex divina est.
Voluptas semper est mendax. Non omnis poeta est facuuTJrbs capta locus
diis.
Dea benigna natura feeunda est.
plerumque miser est. Frater meus nondum omnino est
Cibus nondum omnino est paratus. Mulier non
vestitus.
Oratio vehemens et atrox
est tarn negligens quam vir ejus.
Pater vir est magnus, sed ncn
nunquam est salutaris.
lilius.
Nihil tam est generosura, tamve benignum quam
venia.
Pilia interdum magis venusta est quam mater.
Corpus tantum est mortale, auima immortalis est. Nulla
res tam scelesta, tam atrox, tam crudelis, aut nefaria est ut
calumnia.
est felix.

81.

Mora (/).

delay.

Insaiiia

Dilatio (/.). ddaying.

I'ondus

().),

a weight, burden.

inertia (/.), ig7wrance,inaclivi'y.

Fra ( /.),

anger.

Vectlgal (.), an income.

Rem.

Nouns

(/), infatuation nuidnes

Geuiis (.),
Mtas (/.),
Pars'finonia
Yferecundia

kindred, family.
age, time of

iiiitium (?i.),

a beginning.

in io often signify the action of the

as potus, drink, potio, drinking,

mora, delay,

life.

(/.), economy, thrift.

(/.), bashfulnesn.

thing expressed,

dilatio, delaying.

No king is quite happy. The boy is not so fortunate as the

girl.
The parent is fortunate if tlie son is prudent.
contented man is generally happy. If a man is not contented,
he himself is generally the cause. Although a contented man
is often poor, yet he is always happy.
Delay is dangerous.
Delaying is often useful, sometimes indeed necessary. Every
beginning is difficult.
Calumny is an abominable thing.
Wind is not less beneficial than water. Anger is a dangerous
infatuation.
Economy is a lasting income. This burden is
heavy, the otlier light. What is so shameful as profound
ignorance ? Too much bashfulness is sometimes injurious.
This ground is good, but the other is better. This age is by
no means the most pious. Every race is not brave and warNo edifice is so well known as the paternal home.
like.
Every region is not fertile, for tlicre is everywhere a great
deal of barren land.

ahn's method

48

Plus [adv.), more.

^que
Cur

why.

why ? where/ore
how ? why f

Qiiare (adv,),

Qui

{adv.),

S6CUS (adv.), not

Qui

Cum (adv.)
Quum {adn.)

(adv.), so, as well as.

(adv.),

so, otherwise,

"

"*'

Quantlo (adv.), when.

an (adv.), or.
Utrum (adv.), whether.
ita (^adv.), so, thus, such.

Cur puer est otiosus ? Quare sedificium

Qui magis est docta puella quam puer ?
tarn altum est ?
cur' non ?
Cum discipiilus meua
Cibus non est paratus
Quum senex est infirmus
est seger, plerumque est piger.
saepe est irucundus. Quando servus est diligcns dominus est
lenis. Quando igitur* tyrannus turpis est? Utrum eavcstra
au^ nostra culpa est ? Imperator iilc plus* quam sapiens Naita

est?

poleon Tertius, nihil est nisi

homo

mortalis.

Ita est.

Ita

Pra3ceptum secus est. Mea secus sententia est.

est homo.
Ira furor brevis est.
Verecundia bonum est signum.
Mulier pia et prudens mater est mea.
Unus homo beatua
miser.
Hie cibus melius est paratus
est, alter omnino
quam alter. Homo scelestus et improbus semper est iuIs solus est beatus, qui hone^tus est et contentus.
prudens et diligens plerumque est felix.
Senex
plerumque minus bene vestitus est quam anus. Mors certa
"Vila non est ita quod
est, et incerta an hac die ipsa.
omnis homo beatus est. Non omnis homo pius est, non
omnis enim homo est probus.
I'elix.

Homo

Rem. (1) Cur non ? Why not ? Cur is used for why in affirmative
guare only in direct questions,
as in interrogative sentences
where an answer is expected qui when how so ? how is it (hat f by
what tneans ? is implied. IVhy ? iu direct questions is likewise rendered
See Rem. Ex. 78.
by quid, as quid ita? (why so ?)
(2) Quando igitur, when therefore ? The English adverb when is
sometimes rendered by cum, sometimes by quum, and sometimes by
quando, as in the text. Quum and cum are different orthographies of
In expressing present time indefinitely, when may be
the same word.
either rendered by cum, quum, or quando ; but in expressing a defiquimi or cum is
nite period of past time quum or cum only is used

a3 well

likewise used in a variety of

compound

locutions, as

quum plurimnm

(most frequently) quum maxhne (never more). In questions when

rendered by quando; quum or cum are never put interrogatively.
;

il

49

riKST LAllN COURSE.

Vestrd an nostra culpa, your fault or oms. Jn stands for or

only when whether is expressed or understood in the sentence, dis, utrum.
non ? or simply an is est ? {u-hethir is it he or not ?)
an
is est
that more than uise emperor.
(4) Imperator ille plus quam sapiens,
Plus answers to more, when, over, beyond, or above is signified, as plui
quam jiius homo {a more than godhj man), i. e., above, beyond, or over
yodly.
Jn comparisons more is rendered by magis, as magis pius quam
ego, more godly than I.
(3)

83.

Anser {m.), a goose

Passer (;.), a sparrow.
Ostrea (/.), an oyster.
elephantus {m), an elephant.
Hirundo (/.), a swallow.

Yolucris (/.), a bird.

Serpens (c. g.), a serpent, a rep-

Pavo (c. g-), a peacock.

Leo (?.), a lion.
LeoBna

(/.),

{_lile.

a lioness,

Cygnus (.), a swan.

Bos (c. g.), an ox, bull, or cow.

Liipus (;.), a wolf.

Lepus {m.), a hare.

Rem. foZficWs
mean a winged

signifies

any creature that can fly, consequently may

a bird, but it is mostly used in speak-

insect as well as

ing generally of the feathered tribe.

Here

is tliat

more than

illustrious city

Eome.

How is

it

that the oyster is so delicious P Why is rueat so dear P WhereWhen an animal is docile,
fore is the serpent so noxious P
Whether is the black swan rare or
it is general!}' useful.
ant
is
sedulous
?
The
a
and
assiduous insect. No aninot
mal is so crafty as the fox. The ox is a patient and valuable
animal.
The lion is a brave and generous brute. No bird is
Every bird is not useful, nor is
so splendid as the peacock.
every insect noxious. The lioness is much more terrible tl:ai\
The hare is a timid, but very swift creature. The
the lion.
wolf is a fierce and ferocious wild beast. What bird so stupid
The sparrow is a small but prolific bird. No
as the goose ?
animal is so vast, so strong, or so intelligent, as the elephant.
The ostrich is a useful and docile bird, but the swallow ia
altogether unteachable.
84.
Videre, to see.
Audire, to hear.
Credere, to believe.

Esse, to be,
Fuisse, to have been.

Esto, be.

Habere,

to have.

Servire, to serve.

Ilabuisse, to have had.

Intelllgt-re, to

&mare

Seire, to

to love.
Diligere, J
L6gere, to read.

DicSre, to say, speak,

underttaud.

know.

Nescire, not to

rant
till.

know,

of.

abire, tu

go auoy.

to

be igno-

AHK'S METHOD.

50

Miscrabileest' niliil amare.

PulNihil tarn turpc est qiiaia

Seitipcr csto diligons.

chrura est semper

verum

diccre.

ingratum esse. Honestiim est nunquam injustiim fuisse.

Legere est facile, intelligere difficile. Miserum vcrbum
Primuiu praeceptum est diliest liabuisse et nihil habere.
Melius est nescire qiiam male scire.
gere* et servire.
Stultum est videre et audire et tamen nou credere. Prater
Elephantus non
tuus nondura est tarn doctus quam meus.
Nou omnis fera est tarn ferox
est tarn utilis quani bos.
tamve veliemeus quam lupus. Aqua mult5 magis est neVestis hoec perennis est, alia splencessaria quam vinum.

Res periculosa est lingua interaperans.

dida sed f'ragilis.
Orane praeceptum divinum bonum est et utile. Quamquam
dorainus noster est homo moderatus, minimi est illiberalis.
Historia si vera non solum utilis est, sed etiam ssepe salutaris.

Rem. (1) Miserabile est, it is pitiable. The neuter form of the

adjective miserabilis, is used in this sentence, because it is the predicate of the infinitive

amare

and

infinitives of verbs

when used

sub-

(See gender in Appendix, 1, c.)

gender.
The English verb to
(2) Diligerc ot servire, to love and obey.
love is sometimes rendered by amare and sometimes by diligere, Amare
']gni&es to love cordially ; diligere, to love dearly; tbat is, the ono
Btantivc'ly, are of that

^mai'e
expresses the love of the- heart, the other the love of the mind,
in some constructions, stands for to like, to be fond of, to be partial to.
Diligere {(rom di-ligere, to choose apart), involves a notion of sehcliou
and is the proper equivalent for to love in such plirases, as to love peace
and hate war, because a notion of preference is expressed; but, when
to love is used indefinitely, it may be rendered by either amare ot
diligere.

85.

fpistOla (/.), a letter.

Sulcus {)n.), a furrow.

Ars (/.), power, art, skill.

Yeruni (/t.), truth, reason.
Vicinus (m.), a neighbour.
Consul (m.), a consul,

Autumnus

iimor {m.), love.

Ver

dementia

l^^^-''^'^"'Ma

Flumcn

(.),

river.

(m.), Aiitmnn,
(.), Spring.
Justus (/.), Summer.
Ilieras (/.), Winter.

Rem.
tude,

(/.), clemency, mercy.

Senectus (/.), age, old age.
Manus (/.j, the hand.

When the noun rivir

it is

rendered by /iuvius

signifies a

but

when

stream of moderate magnia deep, broad river is implied,

FIRST LATIN COURSE.

by

The woid Jlumcnmcans Mouiiig, hence

fliRi.<.

61
it is

used to express

anylliing ihaljlows, as a current, a flood of tears, a ruiming stream;

and it is sometimes used instead oi' Jluvius i'ov river, in speaking of

streams generally.

Every river is not deep. It is a virtue not to know vice.

AViicther is this your book or
is the teacher here ?
not P Summer is my delight. One chmate is agreeable, another unpleasant.
Spring is not so beautiful as autumn.
Truth is eternal and unchanfjeablc. The peacock is not so
stupid as the goose.
The hand is beautiful, if it is small.
Medicine is a most beneficent art. Nothing is so worshipful
"VTinter is a cold but healthyas a calm and cheerful old age.
furrow is
season.
An old raven is often a crafty bird.
not productive unless deep and straight. No virtue is more
severe dictator is sometimes better
generous than mercy.
than a lenient consul. All history is not useful, for all history is not true. Nothing is more honourable, than to have
always been just. The merchant is not a rich man, but he is
diligent and upright.

When

86.
idem, eadem, idem, the same, the same person.
ater, tra, trum,' black, brown, gloomy, stormy.
teter, tra, trum, mischievous, hideous, foul, nasty.
alienus, a, um,- another man's, alien, offensive.
Tutus, a, um,3 safe, secure, out of danger,
Salvus, a, um, safe, sound, well.
Secundus, a, uni, second, neat, prosperous, favourable.
Adversus, a, um, adverse, unfavourable, tinseasonalle.

Rem. (1) Atcr stands for black when a dark colour is implied, as
vinum atrum, a black or dark coloured nine; under most other circumstances black is rendered by 7iiyer.
(2) Alienus signifies of or belonging to another person or country,
and is equivalent to such English locutions, as, the affairs of others,
other people's business.
(3) 7'utus stands for safe

when danger

hended, and salvus when danger

is to

is no longer to be apprebe feared, or has been recently

escaped.

Animus semper

est idem, anima eadem, corpus idem.

gratus et ingratus est idem.
Arnica naea
eadem pia est, fidelis et
est prudens, scdula, diligens ;
Hie omnis ir^clix cxr.l tutus est. Sonex salvus
probn.

Difficilis,

facilis,

6^

AHn's METUOfi.

f ortuna nuuquam

est et gratus.

louga est secunda.

Ater

Res aqua stagnans tetra est. Utrum

Quando coelum est obscurum,
est vinnm atruni an album ?
nox est tetra. Tyrannus crudelis tcter est dominus. Suum
quam
alienura.
Civitas con est
genus magis carum est
IIoiuo scclcstus nunquam est
tuta, quando belluni est.
panis valde sanus

est.

tutus.
Prater tuus est salvus, si hie Duntius verus est.
Quum
Nihil est secundum, quando tcmpus est adversura.
bellum est adversum, pax plerumque est difficilis. Quaraapis
parva
est,
lamen
admodum
sedula.
quara
valdc
est
Hoc opus non idem est, quod est alterura.

Rem. (I) Difficilis est idem, Ae, l/iesame persoti, is rude. Idem, as
in this sentence, lias sometimes the power of he, she, or it the same.
(2)

Quod

comes a
Ex. 46.)

as the other. After same, the particle as bepronoun, and is rendered by qui, quae, or quod. (See

est alterum,

relative

87.

Dux

a leader, chief, general, or admiral.

shape, figure, form, beauty.
Apparatus (w.), preparing, preparation, an entertainment.
Farailiaris (w.), a companion, an intimate, a familiar friend,
Ciiptdiftas (/.), desire, thirst, passion, covelousness.
Pestis (/.), a pest, destruction, ruin, calamity.
Vuli^us (m. or n.), the vulgar, the common people, a mob.
Fides (f.), faith, trust fidelUy integrity.
Patria (/.), the native soil, one's own country.
(e. g.),

Forma

(/.),

The

Rem.
when used with the word
Rem. to Ex. 26.)

possessive pronouns,

my, thy, your, his, her, its, their,

country, are not expressed in Latin.
(See

The one entertainment is the same as the other. That

This statue is the same as tliat.
dress is the same as this.
Winter is often a hideous season.
Is this the same Law P
-nise
and
prudent. Beauty is a frail and
Every leader is not
One's own country is always beautiful. No
fleetinf]j thing.
infatuation is so vile as covetousness.
What pest is so aboferocious mob is generally a harsh
minable as calumny ?
The state is always safe if the sovereign is prudent.
judge.
Your brother is my school-fellow and intimate friend. The
sky is sometimes calm, sometimes stormy. No one is a good
Your advice is always
citizen, who is not honest and just.
the same. Is your opinion always the same ? How is that

fIRST LATIN COUllSE,

69

same? He, the same person, ia

liauLflity and generous, lenient and cruel.
The general is
temperate, grave, and prudent he, the same person, is afilible,
liberal, and kind.
vour opinion

18

always

tlie

88.
Cito {adv.), quickly,

Lib^re {adv.), freely.

Plane (adv.), openhj, plainhj.

Raro

Certe {adv.), certainly.

ilento {adv.), deservedly.

Pene

{adr,), almost, in

a manner.

{adv.), seldom, rarely.

Salubritcr

{adi>.),

ivhclesomcly.

Perspicue {adv.), perspicuously.

Libidinose {adv.), wilfully.

Yelociter {adv.), siviftly, rapidly

Levlter {adv.), slightly, gently.

'J'gnigie {adv.), rashly.

Libenter {adv.),

FacflS {adv.), easily.

Audacter {adv.), boldly.

Inipudenter {adv.), impudently.
FldeWter {adv.), faithfully.

Egrfegie {adv.), admirably.

Perp6tu6 {adv.), ccntinually.

Rem.

Adverbs are mostly formed from adjectives

into

last syllable

e, b,

or

adding

ivillinyly, gladlj;

by cbanging

tlie

Her, with an occasional eupho-

ter.

nic moditication of the root, as from facilis easy, is formed facile easily ;
from rams rare, raro rarely ; from audax bold, audacter boldly ; from

velox

s\i-ijl,

velociter swiftly.

Homo

industrius raro est pauper. Senexilleleviter vestitus est. Pene discipulus mens adhuc est puer. Hie cibus cit6
Egregie liber tuus scriptus est.
Unus fluvius
paratus est.
est longus, alter brevis. Bonus judex salubriter est severus.
Rex prudens non facile victus est. Fortuna nunquam est

Quam temere quam libidiuos^ quam

perpetu6 bona.
impudenter! Honestura est audacter et liber^ dicere. VirPulchrum est verura
tus est bene et fideliter servire.
!

Omnis homo probus merito est clarus.

Legere est facile, legere plane et perspicu^ difficile. Bene
scire melius est, quam velociter scire.
Imperator fortasse

libenter audire.

est callidus, certfe est acutus.

est inimica

aut hostis. Si

Amicus meus

est ajgrotus,

quam homo

est

segrotus,

Ilia civitas

homo

nondum

planfe

non est beatus.

beatus igitur non est. Quaminterdum est beatus, sed non
est ajgrotus,

semper.
89.

um, firm, strong, solid.

Antiquns, a, um, old, ancient.
Cmp6situs, a, um, quiet, demure.
p'irmus, p,

Constrncti.is,a,UTn,buili,ronsirt4cted.

Exterus,

a,

um, outward, foreign..

um, proud., brave.

Superbufl, a,

E 3

ahit's mrthoi).

54

Regius, a, um, reyal, royal.

Crassus, a, um, fat, thiol

Mortuus,

a, iim,

Privi'itus, a,

nm, dense, thick.

Latus, a, um, broad, wide.
Angustus, a, um, narrow, scanty,
Imperiosus, a, um, imperious.
Munificus, a, um, munijicent,
Incautus, a, um, heedless.
Ciedtilus, a, um, credulous.

dead.

um, privjte.

Piiblfcus, a, \im, public.

JJensus, a,

Crtvus, a,

Consitus,

um, /lolloiv.
um, sown.

a,

Fidus, a, um, trusty, true.

Inquinatus, a, um, defdod.

um, ^;'s/i'.'(';(/.
um, situated.

Pcstiferiis, a,

Situs, a,

The long boncli is

a great treasure.
The land
not productive unless sown.
The one globe is solid, the other hollow. An imperious master
Love is a credulous and deceitful
is generally harsh also.
prudent king is never proud or arrogant. Tha
thing.
This is a public, the
tyrant is dead, but not the tyranny.
The forest is dense, obscure, and
other a private building.
rugged. Tlie river is deep, but not broad. Home is a very
The boy is troublesome, but the
illustrious and ancient city.
Every flower that is foreign, is not
girl is docile and quiet.
beautiful. The wall is solid and admirably constructed. Who
so defiled as an unjust judge? Nothing is so regul or so
p'lpjj is by no means a heedmagnificent as clemency.
less or negligent boy.

Your house

too narrow.
is

fat

and

is

wholesomely situated.

trusty friend

fertile.

field

is

is

My

90.

Sum, / am,
Cs, thou art, or
Est, he, she, ov

Homo
sum

sura.

mcrcator.

ego vestcr sum.

Bum
gens

you
it

are.

is.

Rex es. Proba puella est hfec. Non ego

Puer piger es. Quid tu tristis es ? Dux
Si tu es homo, es etiam mortalis.
Ego

mortalis et tu quoque.
Discipulus probus es, si dilies.
Sum salvus si verus hie nuntius est. Ille homo
_

est sodalis

meus, et ego

sum comes

juse.

Difficilis, facilis,

negotiosua,

otiosus es idem.
Quando niollc vinum est'
Consul vir est maxima generosus et munificus. Nemo est
tarn regius tamve liberalis quam vester impcrator.
Ilaeo
via publica est, alia privata.
Saccharum hoc bonum est,
sed aliud melius.
IJbicunque stagnans est aqua, pestifcra

regie est.

Amicus meus nee

est incautus,

neque negligens.

55

TUIST LATIN COUUSK,

Hie ager mult6 melius consitus

Bumhomo,

ergo

sum

est

Homo

mortalis.

qnara

alter.

Ego

sum' igitur sum Lu-

manus.

Eem. (1) Homo Slim, / am a man. The personal pronouns / thou,

and 1JUU, are rendered by ego and lu.
(See Ex. 38 ;) but arc generally
dropped when nominative to a verb, (See Rem. to Ex. 5G.)
91.
Disshnnis, e, unlike, dissimilar.
Segnis, e, dull, slothful.
Granlis, c, slim, slender.
amabilis, e, amiable.
Machlnalis, e, mechanical.
Jlilitaris, e, military.

Illustris, e, bright, illustrious.

Imbeeillis,

e,

weak, weakening.

Ciipttalis, e, destructive, capital.

Intamis,

e,

detestable, dismal.

Vilis, e, chea2), base, abject.

equal, consistent.

iEquabilis,

e,

Insii^nis, e,

remarkable, flagrant,

JSimilis, e, like, similar.

am

man

unsteady.

Instabilis,

e,

Virldis,

green.

e,

You

are a diligent boy.

The girl
If I am not humane, I
is amiable enough, if she is good.
am not a man. You are not trustworthy, for falsehood is
your delight. Here is the very person. Where is he ? Mechanical power is certainly very useful.
transaction so
abominable is detestable. Inebriety is an abject vice. What
virtuous life is a consistent
is true '.s always consistent.
btaguant water is generally pestilent. The building is
life,
remarkable, but not very spacious. Nothing is so base or
destructive as calumny.
That young man is weak, his body
IMy neighbour is unstead}", trivial, and inconis too slender.
military road is generally durable, but often too
stant.
friend is a passable poet, and a very afiable
Barrow.
young man. If the pupil is dull, the teacher is often severe.
I

a wretched

My

92.
&mo, I
aiiias,

love.

thou lovcst, or you love.

amnt, he loves.
Hribeo,

I have.

Habes, thou hast, or you have.

Habet, he has.
Video, I see,
Vides, thou seest, or you see.
Vidct, he sees.
Manet, he waits, or remains.

L6go, / read.L&gis, thou readest, or

Lggit, he reads.
Scio, / know.
Sets, thou knoivest, or
Scit, he

you read.

you know.

knows.

Nescio, / know not.

Nescis, thou knouesl not, or yov
knoto not.

Nescit, he knows not.

Rem. (1) The simple tenses of the Latin verb are equivalent to
EcgUsh compound tenses made up with the participle in ing thus

the

AHN

56

METHOD.

Audio, / hear, or / am hearing,

Audis, thou hearest, or art hearing.
Audit, he hears, or is hearing.
(2) The word lego has a variety of other
as the indicative present of the verb leyCire,

ambassador, I despatch, I eiitrust

legere, it

means / choose, gather

Ego amo.

Tu

Frater raeus

legit.

legis

Quid

vides.

meanings besides / read;

it stands for / setid as an
and as the present indicative of

up, or steal.

Qui puer amat. Quia legit

?
Cur legit ? Nescio. Quid
Si tu nescis, ego scio.
Quod tu
Quid liabes ? Quod habeo, vides. Habco
amas.

Quid

legit

lego, nescio.

nescis, ego nescio.

quod

Quod

habeo,

Perpetu5 discipulus

Discij-ulus bene legit meus.

scis,

Soror

legit tuus.'

mea mult6 melius

quam

ego.
Utrum hie liber sit u tills an inutilis, nes^
Nullus
Civis bonus semper est probus et honestus.
bonus civis unquam est iniquus. Si homo est iniquuF,
non bonus est civis. Non omnis bonus civis homo est crelegit
cio.

Nemo est bonus civis

Quamquam puer est gracilis, non
dulus.

qui

credulus

est

nimia-

Puellu e?t

est imbecillis.

Non omnis res

assidua et diligens, igitur est filia proba.
Eex vester
qute machinalis est, res bona est et utilis.
homo est infamis, quia vilis est et ilhberalis.
Rem. (1 ) Discipulus legit tuus, your pupil is reading. The verb in Latin
generally placed at the end of the sentence, unless, as in this instance,
Bonie other rule has to be observed.
(See Remakks to Ex. 32, 38,
46, 52, 72, and 76.)
is

93.
Do,

I give.

Das, than givest, or you give.

Dut, he gives.
Puto, 1 think.
Putas, thou thinkest, or you think.
Piitat, he thinks.
Jungo, I join or yoke.
Il6go, / ask or enquire.
Vito, I shun.

MOneo, /
Credo,
Credis,

advise.

J believe,
thou

trustest,

you

think, or trust.

belieiest,

thinkest,

believe, think, trust.

Credit, he believes, thinks, trusts.

C6lo, I exercise, practise, ox study,

thou exercisest, practiseit,

Cblis,

or studiest ; you exercise, pro ctise, or study.

Cblit,

he exercises, practises, or

studies.

Cedit, he, she, or

it

gives way.

Protegit, he, she, or

protects.
or it pre-

it

CoEservat, he, she,

serves, maintains,
Petii, he, she, or

it

asks for,

-S^dificat, he. she, or it builds.

abuudat,

it

aboufids.

Delectat.

it

delights or pleased.

5^

PIEST LATIN COURSE.

The eerrant
Wickedness abounds.
waits.
Mj pupil studies. What have you P I have nothing.
The enemy jjives way. I shun boldly. I sometimes think.
You never think. What is the boy reading? What is your
Pleasure

deli<:jlit3.

asking for ? I know not. When I know not, I enquire.

preserves and protects us. What I see, I believe. What 1
aave, I give. Man is an animal that builds. What you think,
attendant
are you continually reading?
I know.
This food is wholesomely prepared.
is a trusty servant.
rarely
just.
is
Your
enemy
poplar
is
gently
curved.
An
That
only son is my intimate friend. Plainly enough this work is
not the same as the other. The wall is much better constructed
than the roof. No wild beast is so brave and daring as the
lion.
Although a field is fertile, it is not productive unless
sister

God

My

Why

sown.
94.
Ne,'

Num,2
Nonne,^

Interrogative particles.

an,*

Anne.

question may be asked in Latin by simply afilxing a

note of interrogation to the affirmative form of the phrase,
hie est liber tuus P
hie est liber tuus, this is your hook ; so
as
is this your hook ? but, more usually one or other of the foregoing particles is used.

Eem. (1) Xe is encHtic and is generally attaclicd to the first word

of the sentence.
This particle merely denotes tliat information is
sought, as estne severus magister
Is the master severe ?
num
(2) Num, when used in a question expects the answer, no, as
Is the men trustworihtj? i. c. the man is not trttstest homo ceitus ?
uorthy, is he f
nonne est mors certa ? is
(3) Nonne expects the answer yes, as
not death certain 9 i. e. death is certain, is it not f
(4) An and amie are sometimes used instead of ne, in merely r.skOften, howevei-, an and
Ing for information, as, an is est? Is it he?
anne imply whether, as an est ilia tua sententia } Is that your opiopitiion
or
notf (See also Hem.
nion'? i.e., AVhetheu is that your
.'

3,

Ex. 82.)

Estne vinum asperum

est vinum.

Tua'' est?

asperum

An

vinum aspcrum ? Nonno

vinum asperum ? Quis est ?

ISTum est
est

Satin'^ sanus es etsobrius?

Miles n on sum,

58

AnN''3

MKTHOD.

Eis dat, qui cito dat.

Homo invidiosu
Populus ilia procera est cava. Sencx nou
Utrum pax sit carta, an inccrtn, nescio.
FeiTuiu -vile est metallv.m, aurum pretiosum.
Homo o.Hm a3grotus est plerumque est miser. Filius minimA
Qui temerfe credit, is creincautus aut ncgiigens est tuus.
Discipulus tuus multo melius legit quam
dulus est homo.
meus. Homo tempcrans et moderatus raro est jeger. Janitor
noster liomo est temperans et moderatus, raro igitur est
Quum civitas est instabilis, rex non est felix. Ncseger.
gotium houestum est tuum, sed uimis periculosum. TJrbs
nostra est magna, maxime antiqua, et admodum opulcns.

Quid igitur es ?
malus est civis.

est infirmus, iioqne imbelHs.

Rem.
as tun

(1) Tun' est

Is

The

yoti ?

e of

ne

is

frequently dropped

for tune.

Satisne in coUoquiiil
(2) Satin' es sanus? Are you welleno'.iyhl
interrogations is gcnerallj' contracted into satin'.

95.
Jurcnta (/.,,
Juventas (/.),

Pulvis {m. or/.), dust.

Conjunctio (/.), a conjunction.
Segts (/), a corn-Jield.

J
,*

youth}

Jiiventus (/.),>

Auspaium
Curia

{n.),

an omen

(/.), a court-hoice.

Nomen

a name.
amidtia {/.), friendship.
(n.),

fnlniicitia (/.), enmili/.

Pulcbrltudo (/.), beauty.

AmplTtudo (/.), Magnitude.
Conscientia (/.), conscieiice

Ilora (/.), an hour, time.

Eipa (/,), the bunk {of a stream)
the shore.

Vitrum (),

glass, crystal.

a fugitive.
a physician.
Prretor {pi.), a governor, viceroy.
Fiigltivus ().),

Medicus

(ni.),

Disciplina (/.), discipline.

Dolor {m), grief pain.

Numenis (m.), a number.

IJIens (/.),^ the mind, courage.

Probitas (f.J, probity.

(1) The word youth when it signifies the early period of hfi;
be rendered either hyjuvcnta, juventas, or juventus ; when youth
signifies a young person of either sex, it must he rendered by juvenis.
Juventus properly signifies the goddess of youth, but is also sometimes
used in speaking of youth or of young persons generally
(2) In speaking of the disposition or affections, the word mind is
most correctly rcmUrcd by animus, and in speaking of the rational or
thinking prineiple, by meus.

Rem.

may

is
is

The book is not easy, is it? The book

Is the booK easy?
The word ft (d
easy, is it not ? Is the book easy or not?
Every omen is not favourablo.
not
it
?
ia
conjunction,
a

FTHST LATIN COURSE.

59

age intractable. Enmity is not always

lasting. The court-bouse is a very lofty and spacious buildI am not a merjng.
Toutli is a short and fleeting thing.
The afhiir, though important, is by
chant, I am a physician.
no means agreeable. Discipline is always useful, sometimes
necessary.
Eveiy youth is not wise and prudent. Firm
The human soul is
friendship is more precious than gold.
immortal, the body nothing but dust. An hour is short, when
a man is happy.
The corn-field is very fertile, but the garden
The mind is not healthy when the
is in no wise productive.
body is diseased. Nothing is so hard or so bright as crystal.
SToutA

is

docile, eld

96.

I was.
thnu iiast, or you were.
erat, he ivas.

was^

or have been.

erara,

Fui, /

eras,

Fuisti, thoH wast, or hast been,

you were, or have been.

Fuit, he was, or has been,

Sro,
V

thou

\you

'

erit,

Rem.

will, or shall be.

he

icilt,

icill

or shall be,

or shall be.

will, or shall be.

Was and were

act or state,

in speaking of an incomplete or continued

are rendered by eram, eras, erat ; but when an act or
was and were are rendered by fui,

state completely past is referred to,

Under all other circumstances, was and were may be rendered either by tbe imperfect eram, eras, erat,or by tne -perkctfui, fuisti,
fuit indifl'ercntiy. Was and we?-e, liowevcv, likectlicr forms of tlie verb
to be, are often dropped in Latin.
(See Eera. Ex. 64.)
fuisti, fiat.

Infelix eram.

Felix eras.

Stagnans erat aqua. Consul

Urbs magna fuit. Dux vester ego
pauper, Acerra, si pauper es.
Virtus
est feterna.
lEedicus erat vir liberalis, et fidus amicus.
Napoleon Primus imperator illustris fuit, Napoleon Tertius
imperator moderatus est.
Mercator quidem civis erat
bonus, nam erat homo aequab'liis, Justus et generosus. Beatusne frater est tuus ? Conscientia grave pondus est. Sorer
tua adhuc est valde tristis.
Miles est neeessarius quando
bellum est. Amicitia nostra antiqua est et firma.
Vita
fui.

Praetor fuisti.

ero.

Semper

eris

niea est misera, aeger enim semper sum.

Quando homo
aeger est, rarb beatus est aut contentus.
Eex nimis bellicosus nunquam omnino est beatus.
Is quidem non est me-

Anw

60
iit6 felix,

ut

JXETHOD.

qui non Justus est ethonestus.

[ta

sum

afflictuS;

nemo unquam.
97.

JlL-ticens {adj.), reticent, dose.

Ingens (adj.), huge, prodigious.
elegans {adj.), eligibl-, elegant.

N6cens

{adj.), hurtful, guilty.

Inii5cens {adj.), innocent. guiltless.

Paulo {adj.
what.

adv.), a Utile,

some-

Excollens {adj.), excelling, vccellent, worthy, extraordinary.

HebC'S {adj.), blunt, dull.
Plus {adj. & adv.), more.
Simplex {adj.), simple, single.

Loquax

{adj.), talkative.

iinians (adj.),

affectionate.

Par {adj.), equal, like.

Impar {adj.), unequal, unlike.

Potcns

bpus {adj.), needful, necessary.

Expers {adj.), without, void.
el6quens (adj.) eloquent.

Violens {adj.), violent.

Frfqunis (adj.), populous.
Imprudcns (adj.), imprudent.

{adj.), poiverful.

Sagax {ad}), sagacious.

I was indeed too violent, The master -was certainly loo

Wliere were you ? Tbe boy will perhaps be a nmn,
I will be your teacher. I have been very wretched. You
have not been so diligent as I. The old man lias been more
active, than the youth. If j^ou are silly now, Acerra, you will
always be silly. Is the number equal or unequal? The enThe dress is
terprise is doubtful and a little imprudent.
Clemency is an excellent and
elegant, but it is not durable.
The girl is afFectiouate but somewhat talkagracious virtue.
severe.

consul was guilty, the praetor innocent. Every

The dog is a sagais not great and opulent.
One mind is simple, another crafty.
cious and faithful animal.
The wind is high, but not violent. Home is a very large and
populous city. The general is a weak and infirm old man,
but nevertheless, he is very proud and haughty
tive.

The

powerful state

Jucundus,
lifetus, a,

a,

urn,-

um,^

Hilaris, e."

merry, gay, cheerful, pleasina.'^

great, large, grand, sublime.

Magnus, a, um, large, great, tail, high, loud.
Dexter, tra, trum (or tera, terum), right, projyitious.
Sinister, tra, truin, hft, unlucky.
Inclytus, a, urn, of great renown, noble, glorious,
Tranquillus, a, um, tranquil, calm, peaceful.
Rectus, a, um, right, straight, acute, clear.
Laboiiosus, a, um, laborious, fatiguing, irksome.
Coasecratus, a, uni, consecrated, dedicated, sacred.

Grandis,

e,

FIRST LATIN C0UK8E.

61

Rem. (1) Anything that delights the mind or creates joy, is said
to he jiiciindus ov hitaric ; anytbicg that is grateful or acceptable is
said to be gratus, and anything that is pleasing to the sight or feelings,
IS

said to be Icctus,

and sometimes amcemis.

(2) Jucimdus, besides the meanings given, stands for jocund, joyful,
jolly, pleasant, delightful, lively, agreeable, interesting, amusing,

(3) Lcctus, besides answering to most meanings of jiicundus, stands

for glad, frolicsome, joyous, flourishing, smiling, brisk, and in
speaking of cattle, /o/, or in good condition, and of flowers, for blooming or brilliant in hue,

also

(4) Hilaris, besides many of the meanings of jucufidus, stands for

jovial, sportive, blithsome, and mirthful.

Tellus fertilis et Iseta est. Lsetus sum, si felix cs. Amicus

est liBtus. Magister meus homo est jucundus.
Tota historia jucunda est et utilis. Ut illud est jucundura,
eic hoc est molestum. Sum hilaris, sed tu tristis es. Prater
meus non est hilaris, nam familiaris est tuus. Si enim
unum amicus est tristis, alter hilaris plerumque non est.
Ego sum hilaris et sorer mea etiam est hilaris, sed frater
meus semper est tristis. Populus ilia magna est et gracilis.
Vox tua magna est, sed grata. Ventus magnus est et vioPoeta
^iltas tua non est tarn grandis quam mea.
lens.
Seges naec grandis est, altera
magnus saepe est grandis.
Corvus niger sinistrum est auspicium.
parva.
Sinistra
manus mea non est tam longa quam dextra. Imperator

meus minimi

vester vir est inclytus, et princeps valde illuslris.

99.

Europa

(/.),

Europe.

Asia (/.), Asia.

Britannia (/.), Britain.
Brito {m.), a Briton.

Anglia

{{.),

Hi hernia

England.

(/.), Ireland.

Sicilia (/.), Hicily.

Palaeopolis (/.), Paliropolis.

NeapSlis (/.), Naples.

Londiniim (n), London,
Homerus (>w.), Horner.
Vireiliiis (m.), Virgil.

Socrates (wi.), Socrates,

Atticus {m.}, Atticus,

Alexander (?.), Alexander.

Xerxes (w.), Xerxes.

Epuminondas {m.). Epaminondat,

Tli6mist6cles (;.), Themistocles.
Catallna {m.), Catalma.
rhilippus (?.), Philip.
CarOlus (m.), Charles.
Chremes (ni.), Chremts.
Serairimis (/.), Semiramis.
Xantippe (/.), Xantippe.

ahn's method,

62

Eui-ope is not so large as Asia.

I am glad and happy.
Xantippo was a passionate and
Clirenies is my only son.
irascible woman. Ireland is a beautiful and productive island.
Catalina was a wicked and detestable fellow. Loudon is a
Socrates was a pious
[irge and opulent, but not a fine city.
and righteous philosopher. Alexander the Great was a reEvery
markable prince, but not a well-disciplined man.
Briton is not a prudent citizen. Epamiuondas was a noble
and illustrious commander. The island of Sicily is not so
Atticus was a learned man and a faithful
fertile as Britain.
liriend. Charles is much more industrious than Philip. Xerxes
iras a king of great renown, and a most enlightened man.
England is an opulent and flourishing country. "VVhen Themistocles tuas in a manner a boy, lie was very prudent and sagaVirgil was not so eminent a poet as Homer. The
cious.
city of Paheopolis was not so populous as Naples is.
100.

HauJ

Antea
Ante (adv.),

(rtrfu.),

{adv.),

now.

{adv.), then.

j\Iox {adv.), soon.

Hodie

ibe/.ire,

Antequam {adv.),
Postquam {adv.),
Dill

Nunc
Tunc

'

{adv.), J
(adv.),

{adv.), to-day.

Cras {adv.), to-morrow.

after.

long.

Diutius {adv.), longer

Semel

{adv.), once.

Quorsum

{adv.), to

liicciiie

{adv.), here ?

item {adv.),

so,

what end.

again, also.

Procul {adv.), far.

Qiioties {adv.), as often as.
Quantum {adv.), as much as.

Rem

(1) Not is rendered by ue, only with verbs in tlie imperative

Hand is mostly used before adjectives and ador subjunctive moods.
verbs, it is more emphatic than non, and sometimes has the power of
such English locutions, as not very, certainly not, surely not, by no

means.

Ne esto piger. Parva formica baud incauta et non iaDiu satis durus pater fui. Tu non beatus cs,
felix est.
nam semper es otiosus. Ille qui non est humanus, homo
non est. Nunc homo es, mox eris pulvis. Hiccine sum an
non

Ubi tunc

filius legit

eras

mens.

Coelum nunc screnura

est.

Quotidie

Erat tunc dementia, nunc nulla

Tu

diutius otiosus fuisti

cras

minus negotiosus

erit.

quam

ego.

Qui non

est,

est hodie,

Mercator nunc sum, miles ant^

FIKST LATIN COtUSft.

fill.

Postquam rex rictus

Quod

hcri lapis aspera erat, hodie nobile

fuit,

68

plerumque prudens est.

signum est. Nunc

vel imbellis miles utilis est, antea non item.

Nulla regina
erat tam fortis tanive audax quara Semiramis.
Homo qui

non Justus
est,

est,

plerumque

non

est beatus, si igitur princeps

non juetua

est miser.

101.
Discfire, to learn.

Dbcere, to teach.
gdere, to eat.
Bib^re, to drink.
Vivere, to live.

M6ii, to

Cognoscfire, to know, detect.

Impfedire, to hinder or impede.
Cdhibere, to restrain.
Prodere, to betray,
Affeire, to bring,

Sciibere, to write.

die.

PSrire, to perinh.

Drtre, to give.

Errarc, to err.
Currgro, to run.

Accipfire, to receive.

ilitescere, to be relieved.

Is the tveatlier fine ? Have you been a diligent girl ? Is the

old man wretched ? The house is not built, is it? You ars
vrell, are you not? Is the water pure, or not? I think, you
think, and the master thinks.
The judge sees and hears.
What have you to eat ? The first virtue is to restrain vice.
To give is easy, to receive difficult. It is more agreeable to
learn, than to teach. Whilst there is life, there is hope. This
food is admirabl}^ prepared. The king is very sad, I know
not wlierefore. falsehood is a most disgraceful thing. Rome
was then a very populous city, but it is not so now. Your
brother was then very ill, but he is well now. Your king is
a remarkable man, and your queen is not less singular. This
work is useful, but the other was a great deal more amusing.

102.
Laud.indus, a, uni,' to le praised. prai<cwortluj.'
Vitup6randus, a, urn, to be rebuked, reprehensible.^
Expetendiis,

Legendus,

a,

um, to be desired, desirable.

um, to be read, readable, worth reading.

a,

Extraius, a, um, eminent, remarkable, miparallcled.

ineptus, a, um, improper, impertinent, awkward, Ihonyhtless, silly,
Cocjunctus, a, um, joined together, frank, familiar, sociable,
I'antus, a,

Qua^tuS)

um, so much, so great.

um, as much, hov much, how gnat.

a,

64

inN*S METHOt),

Qubtus,

a,

um, how much, how large,

Mfedius,

a,

um,^ middle, midst, the middle

Eeliquus, vohat

is left,

ivhat, of

what.

of.

the rest, the rest of.

Rem. (1) The words laudandus, vituperandus, expetetidus, and

ligendus, having the power of verbs as well as adjectives, are properly
but are technically termed gerundives, and sometimes participles in Dus.
These words express the English auxiliaries shutild,
ought, and must, thus
Laudandus est, he ought, should, or must be praised.
Vituperandus est, he ought, should, or 7niist be blamed.
Expetendus est, it ought, should, or must be desired.
Leg'ndus est, it ought, should, or must be read%

participles,

As regards these meanings of the participle in dus,

that he is to be praised, ought to be praised, and
as possible the same notion.

it

will be observe d

praiseworthy,

convey as nearly
(2)

Laudandus

also stands for ivorthy of praise

and commendable.

(3) Vituperandus likewise answers to worthy of blame or censure,

blameworthy.
(4) English substantives that relate to quantity or position, as the

whole, the rest, the beginning, the foot, the top, the end, the middle,
when followed by the preposition of and another noun, are genemlly
rendered in Latin by an adjective agreeing with its noun, as universa
Gra;cia, the whole of Greece ; reliquum opus, the rest of the work
prima sapientia, the beginning of wisdom ; summus mons, the top of
the mountain ; ima quercus, the foot of the oak; extremus liber, the
end of the book ; niedius apparatus, the middle of the entertainment.
Under such circumstances the adjective usually precedes the noun.

Quota hora
turpe.

est

Quanta pecunia

est

Si diligentia tua est tanta,

Tantum otium

est

cur nunc es otiosus?

laudandus est.
Filia
Quorsum tanta psena ?
proba laudanda est. Plkt piger vituperandus est. Mcndacium est vituperandum. Vituperanda est incuria. Bonus
liber legendus est. Liber qui non est bonus, non legendus
Hie
est.
Is liber legendus est, qui bonus est et utilis.
liber legendus est, bonus enim est et utilis. Pax plerumque
laudanda est. Eelluni non semper laudandura est. DisciNihil mugis laudanpulus mens omnino laudandus est.
dum est quam virtus. Culpa tua non admodum vituperanda
Onmis homo honestus mcrilo laudandu* eat. Multa
est.
Si tu semper es piger
pecunia non semper expetcnda est.
non es puer laudandus. Tota Sicilia insula valde fertilia
Servus

fidelis

FIUST LATIN CODKSE.

65

sed media insula maxiiue fructuosa est. Qiium juvenis

felix erat Philippus, sed reliqua vita sua erat misera.
/rst,

103.
pgrlculum' (n.), danger.
vinculum (ra.), a bond.
coena- (/.), dinner, supper

pomum

(n.), )
?
\

malum
1

{n.),

on

apple.'
'^

navis (/,), a ship.

nauta (m.), a sailor.

a tower.
virga (/.), a twiy.
arbor ( /.), ^
''^"avbos (/.), i "
alnus (/.), an alder {tree).
uva (/.), a grape, or cluster of
turris (/.),

grapes.

Eem.

(1)

a Jiushandman, a
peasant.
defensor {m.), an advocate.
Svarus (m.), a miser.
orator (m.), an orator.
sapientia (/), wisdom,
prudentia (/.), prudence.
doctriua (/.J, learning, education,

agricola {m.),

caiTtas (/.), affection, chanty.

(w.), need, occasion.

opus

a definition.
a perfume.
a coek, also a Gaul,
or Frenchman.

det'mitio (/.),

unguentum
Gallus

(w.),

(?.),

in idum sometimes are written without the penult

periclum, vinculum or vinclum.

Nouns

u, as jiericulum or

coena was a set meal amongst the Eoraans answering to

The prandium was a meal taken at
both our dinner and supper.
noon, and corresponds rather with our breakfast than dinner,
(2)

The

(3) The word apple is most properly rendered by malum ; pomum

stands for apple, pear, orange, or any fruit that grows on trees, with
the exception of nuts.

An idle boy oiiglit to be rebuked. Friendship is a pleasing

bond. Every tree has been a twig. A little prudence is
heavy
always needful. No poet was ever a great orator.
miser rarely is an upright man.
supper is not wholesome.
An apple though ripe is generally tart. This pear, though
small, is very delicious.
I never was a soldier, 1 am a husbandman. The alder is not so slender as the poplar.
prudent and daring advocate, is a useful citizen.
So much
negligence indeed is very disgraceful. The tower is not so high
as the wall. One man is grave, another gay. If the definition
The first ship was a hollow
is obscure, the rule is useless.
When the sky is calm, the sailor is merry. Charity is
tree.
Where there is wisdom,
beneficent
virtue.
and
beautiful
a
As that perfume is luscious, so the
there, ih^re is education.
other is i'-deous. What danger is so deceitful as pleasure P

JIEinOD.

kllN S

104.

Vdio,

icilt,

want, choose,

like, dcvtre.

wishtst, wantest, ckoose&t, Ukest, desircst

} 7/011 will, ivish,

'

vii]t,

will, wish,

thou

want, choose,

like, desire.

he wills, wishes, icants, chooses,

volebara,

I willed,

like, desires.

tvishcd, ivanted, chose, liked, desired.

^hou willedst, wishedst, wantedst, etc.

virbas '
\ you willed, wished, wanted, chose, liked, desired,
vblebat, he willed, wished, wanted, chose, liked, desired.

Volo sanus esse, scJ semper reger sum.

Tu non vis doctus esse, nam nou es diligens. Fratcr mens vult doctus esse,
Yolobam miles esse, sed tamen
scd nimis est negligees.
Dives esse volebas, cur adluic pauper es ?
mercator sum.
Filius discere volebat meus, sed nimis piger est.

dea est mendax.

Tortuna

Liber magnus non semper est tarn

utilis

Homo fiives ssepe minus est hilaris

parvus.
pauper.
Ees tarn nefaria, tam scelesta, tam
atrox, est infamis. Quando tempus adversum est, negotiura
rar6 est secundum. Homo seger non semper est miser, nam
qui pius est semper est contentus, et qui est contentus nunquam omnino est miser. Virtus est sua merces.' Tu non
quam liber
quam homo

lam prudens quam

frater tuus.

Vicinus'^ vir

temperana

est et raoderatus.

Rem. (1) Sua merces, U% own reward. The Latin possessive pronouns have tbo power of the English particle oivn, as, meus liber, my
: sua merces. its own reward.
The English possessives, nnj, thy,
(2) Viuinus est, my neiyhbour is.
your, his, her, its, their, may be omitted in Latin, whenever no doubt
is likely to arise as to the person implied.

own book

105.
Formosus,'
some.

a,

um,

beautiful, hand-

Peritus, a,

Invlsus, a,

A bsurdus,

Bcllus, a,ura, pretty, good-looking,

um, skilful, expert.

um, unskilful, igno-

Inipfeiitus, a,

rant.
Versutus, a uni, wily, evasivn.

um, unseen, haled.

a,um, ridiculous, absurd,

ll6ik\<irn\is,a.,Vim,of to-day

modern.

Delectus, a, um, delighted, pleased

Conquisltus, a, um, exquisite.
animosus, a, um, spirited.
Perterritus, a,

um, frightened.

FIRST LATIN COURSE.

.iniicus, a,

um,/rkiidly.

Sincerus,

Parvulus, a, urn, f/wy.

Ignarus, a, um, ignormit.
Timidus, a, urn, timid.
avarus, a, um, covetous.

Suspcctus,

a,

Umbrosus,

a,

I\l6destus, a,

um, suspected.
um, shady.
um, modest.

refers to

Vice

my

um, sincere.
um, holy.

Sauctus, a,
Deceptus, a, um, deceived.

Inlnilcus, a, uni, hostile.

Rem.

6'?

a,

(1) Formosiis means beautiful, as regards form; pulchet

both physical and mental beauty.

is its

own punishment.

My

My brother

is

handsome, and

but his servant

Your
but mine is timid.
shadybank is my delight. Every man is not upright, pious, and
afTable.
An evasive definition is genei-ally absurd. Modern
dress is by no means graceful.
covetous man is deservedly
wretched. If 3'ou wish to be expert, be diligent. I am delighted, for tliis news is true.
man who is not sincere, is
never a true friend. The consul was friendly but the praetor
was unfriendly. I am easily deceived, but not easily frightened. The girl is good-looking, graceful, and modest.
crafty man is deservedly suspected and hated.
Tlie tiny
sparrow is neither ignorant nor heedless.
Your queen ia
grave, but your king is gay.
severe law, if just, is not to
be censured.
exquisite this wine is !
sister amiable.

neiglibour

is

skilful,

horse is spirited,

unskilful.

How

106.
]\Ie,

me, myself.

Te, thee or you

thyself or yourself,

Se, himself, herself, itself, one's self.

Tu me

vides.

Ego

te

audio.

Volebam me

cohibere.

Iraperator se cohibere volebat. Pucr

Volebas te cohibere.
animosus nunquam est timidus. Quum fuit juvenis, Themistocles valde animosus erat.
Ilia parva puella, quae hic erat,
Boror est mea.
Non oranis dux peritus homo est formosus.
Tota vita mea est misera, nam semper seger sum. Non
omnis orator est grandis, nee omnis defensor audax. Coelum
neque omnino obscurum est, nee omnino serenum. Hoe
animal non est tam crudele, quam ille homo.
Societas
humana non semper erat tam felix, quam nunc est. Virtus
nobilis et regia est dementia.
Rex tuus est superbus et
imperiosus, sed regina tua benigna est et modesta.
Anima

AUN

0
eat salva, scd corpus

laudandus
vult

nou

METHOD,

salvum.
Si bouus domiuus
bonus etiam seryus est laudandus. Quis me'

est,

est

Rem. (1) Quis me vult ? Who wants me ? Governed or dependent words generally precede those that govern them, hence the accusative personal pronouns me, te, se, are usu.illy placed before the verb.
(For other personal pronouns, see Rem. Ex. 90, and for further rules
relative to the position of words, see Rum. Ex. 92.)
107.
J*^'^'"^'

acer oris ere

'

Celer,

'

'

firis,

keen,sour,

rapid
winged, swift.

Volucer, cris, ere,

Celeber, bris, bre,
bris,

famous,

bre,

tris, tre,

tris, Ire,

on foot,
on horseback.

iilaccr, cris, ere, brisk, lively.

Paluster, tris, tre, marshy.

Sylvester, tris, tre, icoodlmd.
Campester, tris, tre, arable, rustic,
champaign, pastoral.

celt

bra ted.
Saluber,

Redester,
equester,

Miter, vifforuiis.

6re, su-ift.

salubrious,

wholesome.

Rem. The eleven adjectives named above, are of both two ami three
terminations, thus, accr lias for mas. acer, fem. acris, neut. acre, or for
mas. and fern, acris, neut. acre. This arises from the form in cris being
sometimes used with masculine as well as with feminine nouus.

Your book pleases me. Tliat news deliglits you. 1 wish

to teach myself. You wish to teach yourself. The boj- wishes
I see you plainly enouj^h. Clemency is
to teach himself.
This wine is tart as well as sour. Fortune is
often sublime.
swift flight is sometimes needful.
a winjfcd goddess.
marshy country is rarely salubrious. One statue is on foot,
the other on horseback. The author is celebrated, but the
book is useless. Your horse is a lively and spirited animal.
vigorous judgment is generally a wise counsellor. This
region is woodlond, the other arable. Every boy is not

wicked, nor is every girl prudent. The son is handsome, and

neighbour is
the daughter amiable and good-Jooliing.
a husbandman, but I am a soldier. A proud and imperious
man, is rarely a prudent king. The poplar is tall and slender,
the alder thick and short. Though the old man was somewhat covetous, yet he was by no means a bad citizen.

My

lOS.

jam

{adv.), noiv,just

now, presently, at present.

amplius {adv.), further, lonyer, more.

atJaaw {adv.),

that

would

would that

69

FIRST LATIN COUESK.

inde {adv.), thence, from the place where.

VX:.'ll\
stiitim

henceforward, after

future.

thi., in

{adv.),furthwUh, hyandhy.

quondam (adv.), in ti)ne past, heretofore.

olim {adv.), once, formerly, at one time.
veie {"}>)
L-^ truth, verily, indeed, justly, really
"
a)
3
'
\eio {adv. 8f conj.) ]
fiicilius {adv.) easier, more easily.

Nunc

statim tn,

ego,

Posthac csto magis industrius.

Civis facilius perterritus qiiam miles. Ripa umbrosa mult6

me delectat. Judex Justus et probus, vir est venerabilis.
Jam segea
Socrates philosoplius erat clarus et v^ir magnus.

Olim nauta fui, nunc miles sum.

ubi prsesidium fuit.
acre olim erat, sed jam est dulce.
Urbs magna et
frequcns quondam fuit Roma.
Judex crudelis non ampliua
homo est, sed bellua ferox.
Is solus vere beatus est, qui
omnino est honestus. Si tu vero iuimicus es suus, tu non es
amicus mens. Ager sylvestris non tam fructuosus est quam
campestris.
Palasopolis fuit baud procul inde nunc Neapolis sita est.
Satis semel sum' deceptus.
Sat miser est
Annus
qui semel est^ miser.
Adliuc tranquilla res est.
est,

Yinum

jam filius mens aegcr est.

Eem. (1). Satis semel sz/jw deceptus,

literally enough (if) I am otice

i. e. it is enough if I have bken once deceived.
Qui semel est miser, literally who is once uretched, i. e. who has
BEEN once.wrdched. Witli semel, jam, orf/^c, and some other adverbs,
the English perfect tense {I have been) is rendered in some constructions
by the Latin present (/ am).

deceived,
(2)

109.

Malum

(w.),

an

Ednum'

(w.),

good, a blessing.

evil.

Perfiigium (.), a refuge.

Solatium (n.), a comfort.

Scientia (/.), knowledge, science.

Vetustas (/.), aye, antiquity.
Lajna (/.), a cloak.
T6ga (/.), a gown, or toga.

Umbra

Ilonos

(!.),

MCimfieentia (/.)

Honor

{m.),

liberality.

Oitus

(/.),

a shadow.

(i.), rising,

sunrise.

ubitus (m.), setting, sunset.

[honour.

B&nevolentia (/.), benevolence.

Advcrsiiiius {m.), an antagonist.
(ieometiia (/.), geometry.

6bur {m-), ivory.

Agger (m.), a mound.

Horreuni

(._),

M6leslia

ilea (/.),

an

a barn, granary.

olive,

an

olive tree.

Radix

(/.),

Numen

root.

(/.), trouble.

(.),

a dvity.

70

ahn's method.

Kem. (1). Malum

and bomim are properly the neuter forms of thfl

adjectives mains anA bonus, the noun negolium being underatnod
tliua
malum negolium would signify a bad affair or thing ; so maiwn alone
etands for mischief, wickedness, and evil in general. I'lie neuters of other
adjectives are used in the same way to express substantively the quality
implied; tlius, from stultus,/oo?e.vA. comes stuUum,/o//(/
from parvu*
;

little,

parvum a

little.

War is a great evil. Peace is a great blessing. Idleness

be rebuked. Liberality is to be praised. Every
book ought not to be read. A diligent boy is a praiseworthy
pupil.
Geometry is a useful science. As the body is, so is
the shadow.
So much honour is a great reward. A thick
oiiglit to

cloak

Grief
tiful,

is a useful garment.
What so hateful as tyranny H
is a bitter antagonist.
The sunrise is sometimes beauthe sunset often sublime.
man who is really pious is

never base.

The

No

now

more commendable than

charity.

in time past very productive.

"Where

virtue is

island of Sicily

was

there was formerly a forest. Tliough the

building itself really is small, yet the granary is most spacious.
The mound, though broad, is not so high as the garden wall.
this city

is,

110.
fit

{coiij.),

s6d {conj.),

verum
vero

{conj.),

hut.

{cniij.)

autem

(conj.),

Rem. The English conjunction but when used in distinguishing,

threatening, objecting, aiisiverifig, and similar notions ; or, when used
in the sense of yet is rendered by at; under other circumstances, when
but is an adversative particle, it is rendered by sed, verum, verb or aiitcm.
The chief difference of these words consists in verb and autem increasing the force of tlie contrast, and in these two particles being always
placed after some other word of the sentence.

Liber est parvus

interdum necessarium,

Pater est miles, at frater est raercator.

at ulilis est.

Bellum

est

malum,

at

Servus est piger, sed serva est diligens. Pilia est ncgotiosa,
Hsec oetas est brcvis quiB ver5 ajtas
Puer interdum malus est, puella autem sempci
est longa ?
ssepo lacm est quod sed.
autem
XuUus
Conjunctio
bona.
ventus est tam grattis quam zcphyrus. IS'on omnis laus laudanda est. Frater stepius versutus est quam soror. Si vis
filius veriiin otiosus.

FIEST LATIN COURSE.

71

amicus esse mens, ne csto mendax. Adhuc mare tranquillUm est etveiitus lenis. Senex non soltim urbanus erat, sed
etiain generosus.

Nomen

ssepe

incl3-tum est,

quamquam

Homo qui pauper est et aegrotus, valde

Sum vere felix, nam filius est assiduus et

auctor est obscurus.

st miserabilis.

Hsec regio olim valde sterilis nunc omuiuo est

eeger sum, non sum leetus, sed quidem

ililigens.

Quando

fL'rtilis.

toiser.

111.
Solon

^olon.
Cicero m.\ Cicero.
Brenmis (w.), Brenntis.
(/".)>
',

Popiliu:; (m.), Popiiiiis.

Marcpl'.us (w.). Marccllus.

Cyrus

(!.),

MiltiJdts

Cyrus.
Miltiades.

(wi.),

Phocion (j.), Phocion.

Diogenes {m.), Diogenes.
Caesar {m.), Ccesar.
Croesus {m.), Croesus.
Ilobrus (m.), The Hebrus.
Troja (/.), Troy.

Carthago

(/.), Carthage.
Segesta(/.), Segesta.

Verves (wt.), Verrea.

Ulyssf* {m.), Uhjsses.
Tarqulnius (.), Tarquin.
PelOprdas (m.), Pelopidas.

Hierosdlyma (/.), Jerusalem.

Syracusae (/.), Syracuse.

Iphicrates (ni.), Iphicratcs.

Cyprus

Megara

(/.),

(/.),

Meyara.

Cyprus.

I am a soldier, but my brotJier is a sailor. This wine is not

only turt but sour also. The general was not daring, but he
was brave. Atticus was somewhat unsteady, but he was a
faithful iriend.
The old man is generally healthy, but he is
ill now.
Croesus was a rich, but not a fortunate king.
Troy
was at one time a great and powerful city. Iphicrates was
an illut<triou8 general and an upright man. The Hebrus is a
very rapid and beautiful river. Tarquin was a proud and
haughty king. The island of Cyprus is not so productive as
Sici]j\
Diogenes was an eccentric philosopher, but a very
learned man. The city of S3a'acuse was in time past very
stately and magnificent.
Ulj'sses was a celebrated king, and
a sagacious counsellor.
Pelopidas was a commander of great
renown, and an honourable man.
Although Ccesar was a
powerful ruler, he was also an eminent author.
112.

Ne

(enclitic), or.^

ac (conj.), as, thaic.

atque {eonj.), as, especially, e/td yet^ than

AHn's METnOE.

72
Quin {conj),
Sill-

{ronj

Turn

Quamvis

but

if,

whj

not"*

if not.

as much.
(conj.), albeit, although, very much.

{coiij.) then, at that time,

Qu5d
Rem.

),

>hat, hut that,

(conj.), that, as, because, whereas.

Ke

only stands for or wlien xoJiether is expressed or

and corresponds exactly with on used undci
(See Hem. 3, Ex. 82 )
(2) Sin is used for si non, but only in the second clause of a compound sentence.
(1).

understood

in tlie sentence,

similar conditions.

Est haec tua sententia, necner

Non

aliter puto, ac dico.

tu legis

Nemo

Estne ipse, an non est?

quin id credat. Quin

est

Frater est miser aequo atque ego.

Tam sum

homo quam tu. Primilm liic flos

Pax quum jucunda, tum salutaris

est albus, turn ruber est.

quamvis impudentcr, tameu bene

dicit.

Quamvis audacter,

est.

Si bonus es, scelus

secus,homo sum honestus. Carthago fuit.sed non est.
felix, sed homo durus et iniquus.
Cicero
orator erat clarus, defensor audax et auctor lociqiles. Verres
legatus erat praestans, scd non Justus erat liomo.
Urbs
Eoma minimfe tam antiqua est quam Hierosolj-ma. Miltiades non sohim dux fait insignis, sed etiara civis probus.

sum,

sin

Brennus dux erat

Urbs Segesta non erat tam magna tamve frequens quam

Megara. Quaraquam Cyrus rex et iraperator erat magnus,
erat etiam agricola et pliilosophus.

113.

Poema

^dis (/.),
Fanum (n.), \a tempk.
Templum
m in), j

Sacerd os (c.f/.), a priest or priestess.

Libertas (/.), liberty.

Caput

Yaletudo

Ludus

(/.), health.

educatio (/.), education.

Vulnus {n.\ a wound.

Digitus (.), thefinyer.
Tigris (/.), a tiger.
Pin us (/.), a pitie (trcr).

Fraslnus

(/.),

an ash

{tree).

ildsa (/.), a rose.

Rem.

worship

(1)

Temjilum

fanum

a poem.

(h.),

Fama {f.)fame,
(?2.),

reputation.

the head, also a vapilal,

{m.), play, sport.

NovJtas (/.), neivness, novelty.

Foils (wi.), a fountain., a source.
Vallis (/.),

Vallum

Campus

a valley, a

(.),

dale.

a trench, or ditch.
a plain, a camp.

(to.),

Legislator

(;.), a legislator.
Conjurutus {m,), a conspirator.

is a building specially dedicated to

properly a />iece of consecrated ground, but

public
is

uaod

FIKST LATIN COCI:SI

73

metnplioricnlly for any edifice that may be erected on such ground j

cedts properly signifies that section of a building which contains th
statue of the household god or goddess, and so answers in some respects
to

our word chapel, but

it likewise stands for any building, and answers

and is sometimes used instead of domus to exwhere one dwells, but in this last sense the plural iotm

to structure or edifice,

press the place

word only

of the

Is this your
low.
Where

used.

is

Popilius was an ungrateful feltemple is a consecrated

book or not ?
is

Marcellus?

The chapel

and spacious. The palace is a

magnificent structure. Formerly a timid man was never safe.
Every rich man is not liberal and munificent. The ditch is
broad, but not deep.
The valley is rugged and quite barren.
The plain is by no means so lai-ge as the forest. Eobust
health is a great blessing. The wound is severe, but by no
means dangerous. No flower is so beautiful or so sweet as
the rose.
Catalina was an atrociaus and detestable conspirator.
My neighbour is somewhat covetous, albeit a good citizen.
No wild beast is so cruel and ferocious as the tiger.
A good reputation is better than honour. The fountain was
not far from where Syracuse now is. Solon was not only a
great legislator, but also a just and humane man.
edifice.

is

lofty

114.

I say,

Dico,

sjieak, or

V^nio,

tell.

Sthou sayest, etc. or,

you say, speak, or tcU.
Dicit, he says, speaks, or tells.
Dixi, I said, spoke, or told.
!->-

'

"D's"

ti
'

''^"

you

saidst,

etc., or

said, spoke, told.

Dixit, he said, spoke, or told.

TV- "L
f ii w said.
^<='t"^'

[it

Sgitur,

it is

eliiitur,

Yidetur,

Pr6mit,

Me

it
it

is

called.

in danger.

struck out.
seems, or a2^2^ears.

is

it afflicts.

I come.

Venis ' /

''^" earnest,

Venisti,

or

\ yoit come.
V6nit, he conies.
Veni, / ca7ne.

thou earnest or

you came.

'
{^

Yenit, he came.

Comedit, he eats,
Observat, he observes.
Latet,

it lies

Patet,
Furit,

it lies

Ardet,

it is
it is

hid.

open.
raging,

on fire.

simulacrum esse dixisti.^ Te simulacrum esse dixi

So simulacrum esse dixit.
Otium esse vitium puto. Ilex
bellum esse necessarium putat. Consilium meum esse malum
dixisti.
Ees tua agitur.
Heec res tristis me prcmit

ahn's method.

74

Doinus mea aruet.

I.US

Ventus saluber ;7ephyrus est. Mareel?

dux erat peritus et amicus fidelis. Non omnis hotoj

clarus, etiam pins est et honestus.

thus dicitur?

liter est

iios,

qui

h}-;icit>

Filius unicus discipulus diiigensesse dicitu

Xantippe mulier valde iracunda fuisse dicitur. Fob

tasse mulier noa fuit Xantippe tarn iracunda quam fuissf
Auctor est celeber, sed liber ejus non est quoqua
dicitur.
tuus.

laudandus.

magnus

ille

Dolor acer adversarius esse videtur.

Cicera
orator et defensor audax, paulo timidus fuisse

videtur.

Rem.
Mo simulacrum esse dixisti, literally me a spectre to be
When the piirticle that
said, i. e. yoii said that / was a spectre.
can be turned into ivho or which, it is a relative pronoun; otherwise
it is a conjunction equivalent to guod or tit.
In English as well as
Latin, the conjunction used under such circumstances may be dropped
by putting the verb in the infinitive and the noun or pronoun in the
accusative case, as he thinks himself to hb for he thinks that he
IS.
'J'he Latin idiom is very partial to this construction, and it is
often used when inadmissible in English, as dixit se esse, he said niMBELF to be, for he said that he was so, gaudeo te bene valere for
gaudeo quod tu b6n6 yiiles, I am glad (that) you are well. (See also
you

Rem.

1,

Ex. 50.)

115.
Mihl, to me, for me.
Tibi, to thee, to yuii {sing.)

Nobis, to us, for us.

Vobis, to you (plu.) for you.

you is rendered by tibi when a single person is referred

and by vobis when two or more persons are addressed. (,See Hem.
Ex. 38, and Rem. 1, Ex. 106.)

Rem. To

to,

The paternal soil is dear to me. Your brother is very unI think t-iai,
Is your country dear to you P
friendly to us.
I am a spectre. He thinks that he is a spectre. The bov
I said tliat the wine was tan.
said that the ditch was broad.
The middle of the river is very deep. The whole of this book
So much calumny is atrocious. What hour
is very useful.
A-v
crafty man is never a trustworthy friend.
is it now ?
eloquent orator is not always a good counsellor. This is the
Your master is said to be very
bird, that is called a swallow.
Croesus is said to have been very rich. The old man
eevere,
seema to be very frugal. The general seems to Lave been very

flKST LATIN COUllSK.

Your king

expert.
acute.
horse.

No

auimal

75

not warlike, but lie is prudent and

so swift, sagacious and useful as tlio

is

is

11 G.
Eonianus,
Lfttinus, a,

Grscus,

a,

liomun.^
uni, Latin.
uni, Greek.

D .,
iJritannicus,
.

'

um, Lydian.
um, Trojan.
um, iiicitian.
Syracusanus, a, um, Sj/rucusicr.
Tliebanus, a, um, Thchan.
Germaiius, a, um, German.
Lydiiis, a,

Trojanua,

a,

Angllcaaus,

a,

"1

a,

Sielliauus, a,

} British,'

a, um, J
um,
KEnglishJ'
um,
Africus, a, um,
-^
^Z"'^""Afrlcanus, a. um,
|
Galllcus, a, um, French.
Indiuus, a, um, Indian.
Vfenetlcus, a, um, Venetian.

AngHcus,

Scythicus, a, um, Scythian.

a, uin,

Melltieus, a, urn, Maltese.

Epliesius, a, um, Epkesian.

^gyptius,

a,

um, Egyptian.

Atlieniensis, Athenian.
I

Carthaginiensis, Carthaginian.

Eem. (1) Local adjectives, tliat is, tLose that signify tlie nation Oi
a person or object, are derived from the names of towns, and sometimes
from tlie names of countries, as Romanus, Roman, from Roma, Rome ;
Names of
Latinus, Z,a<;, from Latiuni (a country of ancirnt Italy).
towns or countries in us generally form the adjective in ius, as ^yyptus, Mgyptius ; those in a make anus, as Roma, Romanus ; those in
ia, dcus or Iciis, as Gallia, Galllcus ; many, however, make the adjective in ensis, as Enna, Ennensis ; and these terminations admit of
being appended to other endings, as, Lacedcemon, laccdcemonius,
Carthaijo, Carthagiwensis.
{2\ Some names of countries nave adjectives derived from them
Ooin in anu. Inns, or actis, Xcus, as Sicilianus, or Sicidus, Sicilian.
of tliese forms is mostly used in speaking of men, and the
latter in speaking of animals and inanimate objects, ns Seipio Africahm, the African Scipio ; Ico Africus, the African lion j but, urbs

The former

Siciliana,

a Sicilian

city.

(3) Most local adjectives are used substantively, that is, Romanus
stands for a Rmnan, as well as Roman, so ..7iylicus is either Eiiglish
or an Englishman.
Sometimes, however, there is a distinct substantire to express individuals of a particular nation, in which case either
the adjective or substantive may be used, as Urito sum, or Britannua

am a Briton, but in some instances the noun is to be preferred,

as Gallus sum (not Gallieus sum), lam a Frenchman.
Some names of
nations have more than one derivative to denote an inhabitant of the
country; tli us .Scy^/iw, (originally the country of the Crim Tartars, but
afterwards the greater part of Northern Asia,) has the derivative Scythicus, Scytha, and Scythes all signifying a Scythian, but the last
form,
though used by the Roman writers, is properly a Greek word.
Bum, /


iHN's MEXnOD.

76

Nonne tu es Africanus ? Cara

Gratusne tibi est liic nuntius ? Unura
Estne Siculus tibi molestus ? VeriBrennua
tas etiamsi jucunda non est, mibi tamen est grata.
Lupus fera Suythica ferox est.
Gallicus.
erat dux
Chremes juvenis erat Syracusanus. Jlsoc Lingua Anglica
non est. Lingua Latina valde antiqua est. Nulla lingua
Civis

Eomanus sum.

nobis est patria.

verbura niihi sat est.

quam

Segesta urbs erat Siciliaua.

Pelopidas
Nou formosus erat, sed erat favir patiens fuit et fortis.
Nullus flos tarn suavis est quam rosa
cundus Ulysses.
Marcellus fuit otiosus nimis, bonus vero civis,
Melitaja.
Leo Africus non tarn magnus est quam tigris Indica.
Quum Tarquinius exul erat, Koma adhuc urbs erat magu;i.
Epaminondas dux Thebanus fuit inclytus, idem erat pruinagis est grata

Primus

Grseca.

dictator llomanus vir fuit moderatus.

dens, peri t us, liberalis.

117.

I write,

or do write.
js
-,.
S Ihouwritest or dost ivriLe.
'^" '^'
or do write.
write,
2/ow
f
Scribit, he writes, or does write.
Scribo,

Scripsi,

I wrote,

or d!d ivrite,

iyoitwrote,OTdidwrtte.
Scripsit, he wrote, or did xvrile.
*

'

You are a Koman, are you not? I am an English mercliant.

Does' this book please you ?
This book does not
please you, does it? This book pleases you, does it notP
Does this book please you, or not ?
Do you wish to
yourself
AVhat does the Indian want?
The
restrain
t*

Did you say that? I did

African does not hear me.
not say that. What did you say then? You did not say
that, did you ?
Docs the boy read ? What does the boy
read ? liow much does the boy read daily ? Does the boy
read correctly ? The boy reads correctly, does ho not ? The
boy does not read correctly yet. Why do you think that?
Does the Frenchman come every day ? When does he come P
does he come? How does he come? When did the

Why

master come

AVhy

(1) Does

did he come

book please )-ou ? Tene delcdal hie liber ? Tho

particles do, dost, does, and did, when used in English as auxiliaries
A question may be put by simply using th*
are not expressed in Latin.
interrogative pronoun with the verb, thus ;

Hem.

tbis

rlfiST

Cur Bcribis ?
Cur scripsisti
So

in negative sentences

Non
Non

scribo,
scrips],

11

LATIN COUSE.

Why

do you write ?
}V/iy did you write ?
:

/ do not lurite.
/ did not u-rite.

When no interrogative pronoun is used in a question, tbe particles m,

num, an, are generally used, under which circumstances they correspond
in some degree with the English auxiliaries do and did, thus
Did you write ?
Scripsistine ?
Num scripsisti ? Did you write ? or you did not write, did you f
Nonne scripsisti ? Did you write ? or you did write, did you not f
An scripsiti ? Did you write ? or whether did you write or not f
(See also Eem. to Ex. 94.)
:

118.
Morosus,

urn,

a,

Praecipuus,

a,

Opportunus,

morose,

sitrli/.

um, principal,

a, urn,

chief.

opportune,

a,

um, honoured,

es-

teemed.
a,

Efemissus,

Festus,

timely.

Hdnoratus,
Laesus,

Pravus, a, um, crooked, depraved.

Vinctus, a, um, bound.

um, wounded, wronged.

Occultus, a, um, hidden, secret.

Expertus, a, um, expert, skilful.
Blandus, a., um, bland, caressing.
Vbluptarius, a, ura, voluptuotis.
Fluxus, a, um, Jlou-ing, mutable.
Mutatus, a, uiu, changed, changeable.

um, remiss.

a,

joyful.

a, \xm,

Tardus, a, ura, sloui.

Candidus, a, um, white.
Ssevus, a,

um,

Fortunatus,

pitiless.

a,

um, fortunate.

S6lidus, a,

um,

Corruptus,

a, uni,

Mutus,

a,

solid, firm.

corrupt.

um, benevolent.
ura, silent, dumb.

Benfeflcus,

a,

Expectatus, a, ura, expected.

Inhumatus, a, um, unburied.

Raro scelestus' est fortunatus.

Alius sum, ille non sum.
Dives non semper est honoratus.
Sapiens nunquam est
Ssepc avarus est ssevus.
Omnis bonus est feaPlerumque segrotus est morosus. Durus non semper
tus.
Muta valde pauper crat. Mortuus valde
est corruptua.
voluptarius.

beneficus erat.
Laesus non semper est mitis.
Popilius
privatus erat non publicus. Omnis est utilis. Omne' quod

non est verum. Q,uis tam expertus quam

Quid tam fragile quam vitrum splendidum.*
Asinus animal docile est, paulo autem tardum. Quid putat
Quare id jiutat ? Quid nescit hie puer? Non me
lex?
Utrum hoc credis an non ? Satin*
ielectat liic nunlius.

Bcriptum
frater

IB

est,

mens ?

plan^ video

TJnus dies est festus, alter

tristis.

a 3

Iphi.

fS

AIl^' MKTHOO,

quamquam

remissus nimis, bonus tamen civis fuit.

Syracufise urbs Siciliana non solum erat pulchra, sed etiam
admodum ampla.
crates

Rem. (1) Scclestus, a wicked person. In Englisb, adjectives are

used as plural substantives, thus the good, signifies good men; the rich,
rich men, and so on.
The English idiom, however, does not admit ot
adjectives being used for singular nouns
a good will not stand for a
good man, neither will a rich stand for a rich man ; but in Latin, singular adjectives are used in this way
bonus stands for either good or
a good man ; durus for harsh or for a niggardly man ; and dura for
harsh with a feminine noun, or alone for a niggardly uoman ; so tlie
neuter durum stands for harsh with a neuter noun, or alone for 7uy
gardliness in general. (See Rem. Ex. 109.)
For this reason the nouns,
man, woman, person, personage, i?idividual, or felloiv, when they stand
after an adjective in English, are usually understood in Latin.
The adjective om?tis, when followed by a
(2) Omne, everything.
noun stands for all, but when alone, for every person or everytJnng,
The word thing is
according as the noun ma7i or thing is understood.
very rarely expressed in Latin, except, when by using the adjective
alone, it might be doubtful whether an animate or inanimate object is
Usually when thing is expressed the feminine noun ?-es is
implied.
used, but when omitted, the adjective is put in the neuter to agree with
negotium.
;

119.

Ngpos

ilcies (/,),

'AS

Proelium (w),

Liberalitis (/.), generosity.

Justitia (/.), justice.

P6testas (/.), power.

Difficultas (/.), difficulty.

Voluntas

Ramus

(/.), the ivill.

(>.),

a branch.

Folium (n.), a leaf.

Majestas (/.), majesty.
Dictatura (/.), a dictatorship.

(1)

{m.), a

grandson, also a

spendthrift.
Giibernator {m.), a pilot, a governor.
Turpitudo (/.), dishonesty, guilt.
Sgestas {/.), indigence, misfortune.
Infortunium (ra.), a mishap.

Lucrum

(n.), gain, profit.

Fri<i;us (.), cold, chillness.

Sermo

(?), a discourse, advice.

Principium (.), the beginning.

F5rum

(.),

Theitrum

a market-place.

(?;.),

theatre.

rendered hj pugna when any

contest is meant from a single combat to a general engagement, and by
prtelium, proelium, or acies, only when an encounter between two
The nouns pralium and proelium are difbodies of troops is implied.
ferent orthographies of the same word, both answering to fight, stri%

Rem.

The English word

battle

is

79

FIESr LATIN COURSE.

Pugjia, besides battle, stands for combat, cor armed contention.

Acies properly means the sharp point or edgt
counier, skirmish, fray.
of anything, hence it signifi( s an army drawn out in battle array, and
is used metaphorically in speaking of the engagement itself.

wise

wretclied.

is never idle.
A poor man
not always
A wronged /ktto?! is generally pitiless. A guilty
A sickly ^jersou often surly. A high-

man

is

man is never safe.

wayman is generally

is

a daring rascal.
The dead woman was
Chremes was a private individual, not a
a good mother.
public man.
That is not the same tJiing, it is another. What
else is it then ? Indigence is a great evil.
The combat is said
Fierce strife is a ferocious thing.
Nothing
to be fierce.
human is so grand or so terrible as a great battle. Prudence
One pilot is skilful and fortunate, but
is a sagacious virtue.
another unskilful and unfortunate. Dishonesty is an abject
Generosity is not so praiseworthy as justice. Cold,
vice.
albeit unpleasant, is nevertheless wholesome.
The theatre is
a stately and very spacious building. What young man so
prudent and so industrious as my grandson ?

120.
Debeo, I should, ought,

Debes

i
'

''^''"

you

mtist.^

shouldst, oughtest, must, or

should, ought, must.

Debet, he should, ought, must.

Possum, I may, can, or am able,
p ,j, J thou mayest, canst, art able, or
\ you may, can, or are able.
Pdtest, he may, can, or is able,
'

Discere debeo. ^ Doccre debes.

Dicere debet.
Possum
Hilaris esse potes. Jucundus esse potest. I*otesne legere ? Num potes legere ? Nonne potes legere ? An
potes legere ? Dcus non potest errare.
Omnis homo discere debet.
Possum semper beatus esse, si volo. Vir fidelis
esse et honestus debet.
Nemo qui piger est, felix esse
potest.
Piger igitur discipulus felix esse non potest.
Homo sum, humanus igitur esse debeo. Omnis rex lenis
et clemens esse debet.
Kex qui non est lenis, felix esse
non potest. Si vis beatus esse, honestus esse debes. Tu
beatus esse potes, si vis esse honestus.
Discipulus discere
debet, magister docere.
Omnis prsecepter fideliter docero
Isetus esse.

AHN

80
debet.

Quum

METHOD.

Qui non vult docere, non potest esse prseceptor.

hoc non possum, illud minus possum. Amicitia

immortalis, inimicitia mortalis esse debet.

Rem. (1) The verbs should, ought, and tiiust, wlicn auxiliaries, are
sometimes rendered by the participle in dus. (See Rem. to Ex. 102.)
In
Discere debeo, / should, must, or ought to learn.
(2)
English the particle to is dropped after may, can, should and must,
but it is retained after ought ; in Latin the infinitive mood, which expresses to,

is

used after the equivalents of

all

these verbs.

121.
Hannibal (m.), Haimihal.

lupUer (w.), Jupiter.

Juno (/.), Juno.

Venus

Antonius(2.), Autotiy.
Nfero ().), I\''ero.
Arcbelaiis (m.), Archelaus.
Aggsllaiis [m.), Agesilaus.

(/.), fcniis.

Dis (m.), Pluto.

Cato (m.), Cato.

Plato (m.), Plato.
Sol6mon (m.), Solomon.
Acerra (m.), Acerra.

Palaimon (m.), Palamon.

Marcus {in.), Marcus, or Mark.
Damficles (m.), Damocles.
Alclbiades, (m.), Alcibiadet.

Didnysius (!.), Dionysius.

Vespasianus (?.). Fespasian.
Demosthenes (?w.), Demosthenes.
Coilrus ('.), Codrus.

Xenophon
Datames

Xcnophon.
Datames.

(.),

(m.),

Cleopatra (/.

),

Cleopatra.

I ought to read. You ought to write. Every man must

You may be happy. He may be
I may be learned.
die.
fortunate.
Can you write? You cannot write, can you?
You can write, can you not P Can you write, or not ? The
Every man may err. The stagi^ian run
Boul cannot perish.
nv'st be brave.
soldi
boy ought to be moswiftly.
dest.
You may be i^...inod, if you choose. No one, who is
idle
pupil
An
cannot therefore be
lazy, can be learned.
An advocate
learned.
sick man cannot be quilu happy.
man may be pious and righBhould be prudent but daring.
This is the flower that'
teous, though humble and obscure.
He who is prudent 8Jid laborious, is geneis called a rose.
thing that- is good, is sometimes
rally a good citizen.
poor man who is contented, is happy.
unpleasant.
pupU who reads much, is an assiduous scholar.

Rem. (1)

Tlie flower that is called a rose, Jlos qncB rasa dicitur.

qui, qiice, quod, connects, by means of to be or a verb

iThen the relative

\^calling or $ay%n,a.

*wo nouns of

different genders, it

sometimes agrees

<

tTRST LATIN
with either of them, as
that is called Fhaelon.

81

COtJEbi!.

(or qui) Pliaethon dicitur, the star

Generally, however, the relative agrees with
the noun that follows, rather than with the antecedent, as globus
quae terra dicitur, the globe that is called the earth.
stella quae

The relative qui

(2) A thing that is good, quae res est bona.
be placed in one or other of the following positions

may

Puer qui legit,

Qui puer legit,
Puer qui puer legit,

The

I
I est

industrius.

common, the second

elegant, and the

a relative clause is fully expressed, the
repeated after it, as in the third of these
examples; but usually, this repetition is avoided by using a form of the
pronoun is, ca, id, thus
puer qui legit, is puer est industrius. In
like manner id is often elegantly used with quod put for what, aa
habeo id quod vides, / have -what you see.
(For the arrangement of
words generally, see Rem. 1, Ex. 106, and for construction of relative,

of these positions

first

is

When, however,

third rare.

noun before the

relative

is

6ee

Rem.

2,

Ex. 86.)

122.
im6 {adv.),

\
etiam {adv.),S^^*'

Im6 certe, yes, certainly.

imo 6tiam, yes, assuredly

so.

Ita vero, yes, to be sure.

ita est, it is

non

even

so,

{adv.),

niimme

\
j"-

{adv.)

nniilme, minime, no,

minlme vero,
minime gentium,

)
(

yes, quite so.

at all by no means
,,,,,
least-why no.

no not

""' "^ "' '^'

m]il\bm\n\ii%{adv.), nothing less,

nemb minus, no one less {so),

haudquaquam {adv.) not very
nequaquam {adv.), not at all

,,

no, certainly not.

no, by

tio

means.

Dixistine id?
Dixi.^
Logitne puer?
me vis? ITon. Estne ilia tua sententia

"' '"''^^"^^V "^

Legit.

Tune

Imo.''

Num

eadem est ? Non est. Tene delectat hie nuntius ?

Minime. Potesne scribere ? Nequaquam. Nonne
potes scribere ?
Ita vero.
Num est dominus severus ?
Minimi gentium. Mene putas simulacrum esse ? Nihilohsec avis

minus.

Num

est

Estne amicitia nostra vobis cara ?

Imo etiam.
equus niger ? Haudquaauam. Nonne est mors

82

AUN^B ICETHOD.

certa

Sic
Hic

regina ipsa

ilia

Estne hie cauis tuus

iiirae.

filius

Estne

Ita est.

meus

Hic

Meus

est.

Mens

Minimi,
An

est.

mi.

est hie

meus Chremes venit?

?
Minimi ver6,

filius,

Num formidolosus
idem
Non,
Nemo minus. Via nequaquam bona,

est,

liber

frater

enim

et

An

ut dixi.

est

illc id

non videt

alius est.

est

nimis angusta

difficilis

est.

Generally in reply
(1 ) Dixi, / said, I did iay, or yts, I did.
alone, or with
the reply is negative.
In English we use the auxiliary may,
can, do, or did, leaving the verb understood, but as no such particles
One or other of the
exist in Latin, the virb must be put as above.
locutions at the head of this exercise may, however, be used instead,
as, Venitne fraterf Jlininie vero.
Did your brother come? W/iy,

Eem.

to a question iu Latin, the verb of the question is used

non

if

no,

i. e. i\'b,

Ac did not,

question is sometimes answered affirmatively by

(2)
imo or etiain ahinc, aud negatively by non, just as yes and no are used
in English, but one of
the compound locutions is more usual;
thus instead of imo or etiam, the adverb ita {so) with est very frequently occurs, as, Asperum est vinum ? Js Ike wme tartf Ita est,
Inio, yes.

it is

even

so,

i.

e.

yes,

it is.

123.

Dims,

Pcrindulgens,' very indnl;cnl.

Peramplus, a, um, vtry spacious,

um, very large.

Peranliquus, a, um, very ancient.
Praeclarus, a, um, very illustrious,
Permagnus,

Focdus,

a,

a, uxa.

Perditus, a,

foul, filthy.

um,

um, fatal.

a,

Glaucus, a, um, ffrey.

Nimius, a, um, too much.
Sacrus, a, um, sacred.
PrSfanus, a, um, profane.
Notus, a, urn, knou-n.
Iluniidus,

lost, dissolute.

Profusus, a, um, extravagant.

Fessus, a, um, tired, ivearied,
Jurgiosus, a, um, quarrelsome.
Inglorius, a, um, contemptible.
Perpetuus, a, um, perjielual, con-

Castus, a,

Prcssus,

um, damp.

um, chaste.
um, pressed.
um, blind.
um, nciv, fresh.

a,

Cfecus, a,

Nbvus,

tinual.

a,

I'hMius, a, \\m,fnU.
Tencr, era, eruni, tender.

a,

Rr.M.
(1) The particle j)er or pra, when prefixed to an adjective,
has the power of very, and most adjectives are susceptible of taking
this particle.

Did you come yesterday

write

Yes,

you run

he does.

Yes.

You

Yes,

Is the old

I did.

woman

Does the boy

No. Can

silly ?

cannot run, can you

P No,

I cannot.

FTUST LATIN COURSE.

You

83

can run, can you not ? Yes, I can. Can you run, or
not? I can. Does this book please youP Yes, it does. la
this weight the same ?
No, it is not. Is the wine mellow ?
YoR, it is. Is your exercise diflBeult ? Not very. You arg
a Eoman, are you not?
Yes, assuredly so. Were you tormerly a soldier? No, I was not. Is your country dear tc
you? Yes, certainly. Is that our brother?
Yes, it is,
Is that boy your brother? Yes, hois.
Is your neighbour
obliging? No one less so. Is the water pure? Yes, quite
so.
Am I the guilty person ? No, assuredly not. Did you
say that the wine was white? No, I did not. Phocion was a
very illustrious Athenian citizen.

124.
Essem, I were, I be, or wciild be.
Esses, thou wert, becst, or ivouldst be
Esset, he were, be, or would be.

also

you

leere, he, or

would

bs,

Fuissem, / had been, or would have been.

Fuisses, thou hadst been, iilso you had, or woidd have been.
Fuisset, he had been, or would have been.

Ciuin tu Pfepius logis

Hie liber non

Quis hie erat

est idem, alius est.

Donne pater mens

Totum negotium

erat valde

est, mater autem perindulgens.

perantiquum at perarapluni.
Si
Si amicus esses meus, loetus
Nisi frater esset industrius, pauper esset.
essem.
Si fuisBem prudens, dives fuissem. Si non superbus fuisses, non

Pater severus

difficile.

^dificium templum

est

essera rex, clemens essem.

esses

exul.

Si mcrcator fuisset bellicosus,

Pner sapiens non

sapiens.

non

est.

est piger,

nam

si

miles fuisset.
piger esset, non esset

Murus satis lirmus esse potest, satis altus verd

Omnis homo debet quidem mori, sed unus diutiui

quam alter vivere potest. Nulla amicitia vera et perennis,

Yicinus nihil nisi quod ipse dicit
quae uon est sincera.
rectum putat.
Nihd qm! est uiile omnino est tetrum.
Quid mihi
S2M.

dixisti

Nihil tibi dixi.^

(1) Nihil tibi dixi,

I did not say anything

to you. A}vjthi>:g l9

84

ahn's methol.

eometiraes
raes rendered by quicquam (See Ex. 40), and sometimes by
quid
(See Ex.
Ix. 78);
_
but when used in English with a negative, it is rendered
in Latin
in by nihil, as nihil dixi, / said nothing, i.e., I did not say
ANYTHINC
ANYTHING.
(For coHstruction of Negations, see also Eems. Ex. 100
and 117).
.

125.

M6neta
Nuraus

(/.),

j)

(w.), a coin,

SiS

(n.), brass,

M%

alienum

> mnneyj^

bro7ize,^

(.), debt.

Gens (/.), a tribe, nation.

Gens humana (/.), mankind.
Dextra (/.), the right hand.
Sinistra (/ ), the left hand.
Injuria (/.), a wrong, or injury.
Ordo {m.), order, discipline.
Tabernacfilum (w.), a tent.
ServJtus (/.), bondage.

Virgo (/.), a virgin.

Deceptio (/.), deceit.

Fulmen
Alpha

(h.), lightning.

(w.), aljjha.

onigga

(.),

Janua

(/.), a gate.

Scurra

omega.

a buffoon.
I'ignus (.), a iiltdge.
Insiilanus (w. ), an islander,
(c. g.),

variation
Piobitas (/.), 2^rohity.
Inipietas (/.), impiety.

Yicissiti'ido (/.),

Rem. (1) Money, when it signifies a single coin, or an entire sura,

rendered by numus or manmus ; but in speaking of money generally,
sometimes moneta, and still more frequently pecunia is used The former
signifies properly, a stamp or impression, hence it is used to express
the pieces of metal or coins that are stamped, and consequently money.
The noun peciniia is derived from^e/s (a sheep), that animal having
been represented on some of the early Roman coins, so that, etymologically, there is no difference between moneta and pecunia. The names
of the metals are likewise used in Latin as in English, to signify money,
thus, argentum and as imply silver and copper money respectively.
(2) Many Latin words have no exact equivalent in English, and in
the same way some English words will have to be rendered by a circumlocution
thus, the noun debt, though itself a derivative of the Latin
debitum, is more usually expressed by the compound noun ses alienum,
the money of others, or other people' s money.
(See Rem. Ex. 28.)
is

What do you wantP I do not want anything. I did not

want anything. Unless I were a soldier, I would be a sailor.
If my brother
If you were a soldier, you v> ould be cruel.
were rich, he would be generous. If I had been more industrious, I shouxd have been less wretched.
If you had not
been dihgent, you would not have been so learned. If the
weather had been stormy, I should have been timid. Debt
is a bitter bondage.
One coin is more valuable (ban another.
this

great deal of money is not always desirable.

Is
ours or yours P Brass is a useful, but by no
The Briton is generally a brave and

money

means a precious metal.

FlTJST

LATIN COTTRSE.

fe5

upright man, but lie is often rude and irnscible. Porliaps

tlie islander is not quite so bad as he is said to be.
Every
Briton, at least, is not rude and irascible.

126.
gt (co/y.),'

-aoiconj.y

Atque

Que

(coiij.),

(coiij.),

'J
I

< and g^^e are used to couple words and sentences g-ene('1)
Whin el
but que connects them more emphatically than et.
used in joining principal clauses, g'i/e is employed in connecting those
that are subordinate.
Que is likewise much used in connecting single
words under all circumstances it is enclitic, and is generally appended
to the second of the two words it joins.
(2) Atqtie and ac are mostly used in connecting words that have
Bome relation in common, as day and vight ; atque usually (but not
always) precedes a word beginning with a vowel, and ac one that beAs regards the junction of single
gins with a consonant, except c.
words, que may, in most cases, be used for ac and atque, as tnagis ae
magis. magis atque magis, or magis magisque.
(3) The conjunction and is used in Latin very much as in English,
hut it is often repeated by the classic writers before each of words joined,
Very often it is elegantly dropped,
as ego et tu et ilie, yoii, he, and I.
as veni, vidi, vici, / came, I saw, and I conquered.

Rem.

rally

is

Miles ac nauta- Ortus atque obitus.

atque horreum.
Beneficium ac
Magnus atque bumilis. Geometria ac mamunificentia.
Vehemens feroxque natura, Tutempus,
chinalis scientia.
Templum magnum signumque
tuque invidiosa vetusta.
pulchrum. Amicitia, illud sanctum ac venerabile nomen.
Humilis domus, umbrosaque ripa. Argentum atque aurum,
leenaque, togaque. Prater meun fortis atque animosus est.
Virtus est clara aeternaque. Nimisbella es atque amabilis.
Pilia est pulchra, probaque. Studium est mihi perfugiura ac
solatium.
Hoec vestis levis atque splendida est. Fama est
mcndax veloxque. Forma est fixa atque fragilis. Amo te,
indies plus plus plusque te amo. Difficilis, facilis, jucundus,
acerbusque est idem.
Parvula formica baud ignara ac incauta est.
Si vis esse amicus mens, tua amicitia firma

Miles et mercator.

Mors ac

vita.

Domus

86

A.HN

METHOD.

Epaminondas erat raodestus, pru

sinceraque esse debet.
idem continens, clemens, patiensque erat.
dens, gravis
;

127.
Cynegiriis (w.). Cyneyirus,
I'aulus (in.), Paul.
Tiinotheus (w), Timotheus or

Hipparclius (m.), Hipparchus

Metiscus (?n.), Mcliscus.
Turnus (m.), Turnus.
Ilarmodiiis {m.), Harniodius.

Timothy.
Vesta (/.), Vesta.
Antigone (/.), Antigone.

Pan {m.), Fan.

Ntptunus (2.), Keptune.

Ant'ig6nus (!.), Antigotius,

Titus (.), Titus.

Darius (i.), Dariux.

Najvius (?.), Naoius.

Cincinnatus

(>.).

Cineinnaius,

Corinthiis (/.), Corinth.

^iiiius (m.), Ciirius.

Hsistratus {in.\ Pisistratus.

Ascanius (;.), Ascanius.

Zaleucus (m.), Zahuciis.

Tullus (m.), Tullus.

Christus (i.), Christ.

Her6d6tus

Ehea

(/.),

(?.),

'

Herodotus

Rhea.

Body and mind.

Punishment and
(?rime.
Land and sea. Truth and love. This river is broad
and swift. Charity is now more and more necessary. Your
book delit^hts me more and more. The son or daughter is
ill.'
If the ruler is cruel and heartless, the state rarely is
safe.
Vesta and the earth is the same. Zaleucus was an
Pisistratus was a priuprifi;ht man, and a faithful servant.
vate individual, but an illustrious citizen. Antigone was a
Ourius
was a remarkMarcus
daughter.
pious and dutiful
able man, and a celebrated Eoman consul. Antigonus was a
The city of
skilful general, but not a well-disciplined man.
Corinth is no longer great and opulent. Titus, the Eoman
emperor, was an enlightened and affable man. Pan is a less
venerable deity than Neptune. Herodotus wa* a learned
Greek, and a celebrated author. Darius was a great, but unfortunate king.
Perhaps Darius would have been safe, liai
he been less warlike.
Cicero and Caesar.

Rem.
1. The son or daugliter is ill, Jilius aut fdia eeger est,
Wlien a conjunction couples two nouns of different genders, the adjecwith the masculine in preference to the feminine, and witlf
the feminine in preference to the neuter. Sometimes, however, the adis made to agree with the last noun, as pater aut mater mortua
When both nouns are inanimate,
est, the father or mother is dead.
the adjective may cither agree with the last or be put in the neuter,
(S
as murus vel turris alia (.or altum) at, the wall c to^vcris /c.'^A.
tive agrees

jective

Rem.

1,

Ex. 84.)

87

mtSt LATIN COrRSE,

128.
Aut-aut,

Jam-ut,

Vel-v&l,

eilher-or.
_

Nfic-nfic,

ut-sic, ?
-I <.- ?
ut-lta, i

asso.

3^que-ac,
htquc-atque,

^
1

aa-as, as well as,

so

much

Hic-ille, the

as.

neither-nor.

N&que-iieque,
et-^t, as well as, both, and.

former -the

latter.

Tmitus-quantus, so great as,

aliuo-alius, one-anolher.

Talis-qualis, such as, as-to.

Alter-alter, the one-the other.

Aut Ctestir aut nullus. Hie vel

Carolus.
Eomanus est. iS'eque corpus, neque animus.
Hoc est mutabilc, illud
"Nee incautus sum nee ignarus.
imrautubile. Quails homo, talis oratio. Vicinus meus est talis,
Crimen non est tantum quantum putae.
qualis semper fuit.
Et ego

et

Gi-Eecus vel

Juno erat et soror et conjux.

et fui et sura.
Nihil me asque ac
invidiosum ct obscurum est.
Cyrus a9que magnus fuit ac pater. Equus
Alius est beatus,
niger ceque formosus atque albus est.

Tuus amicus

Nomcn

et

studium

delcctat.

autem miser. Alter semper magnus, alter sajpe turpis

Nihil tarn vile, ncque tam turpe est quam calumnia.
Quis tam perditus ac profusus nepos, ut fuit Sextus Na^vius ?
Fortuna non
TJt hoc vinum est acre, sic illud est suave.
Ut volebas, ita' est.
est seque, quod omnis est contentus.
Et pater et mater mortua est.^
alius
fuit.

Eeji.

(l) Ita est, so

it ia.

So,

wLen

it refers (o

somctliing actu-

named before, is rendered by sic or tegue, but when so refers fo

something supposed, implied, or to follow, it is rendered by ita. When,
in comparison, superiority or inferiority is implied, .so is rendered by
tam, and when equality is expressed, by aqne or qualis.
At the end of
a sentence, so is usually dropped, as si vis esse amicus meus, esse potcs,
In some constructions,
if you Wifh to be my friend, you may be so.
however, so final is rendered by id or item, as, hsec regio olira pulustris erat, lunc non ita, this region was formerly marshy, ?iow it is
ally

no' so.

When et or
(2) Et i>ater et mater, both tny father and mother.
turn repeat id couples two nouns, the verb and adjective agrees with
the last, as et pater et mater mortua est, both my father and mother 18
DBAD (ac a re dead.)

AHN

S3

METHOD.

129.
Die, say, speak,

MOratur, he, she, or it delays.

Hftbuit, he, she, or it had.
Liberavit, he, she, it delivered, set

tell.

Mfemcnto, rememher.
Perdldi, / have lost.
Tradani, / will give over,

at liberty, or rescued.

alit, he, she, or it 7iourishes.

Subvertit, he, she, or it overthrows.
Jsbumbrat, he, she, or it oversha-

dows.
imttatur, he, she, or it mimics.
Minutur, he. she, or it threatens.
Comitatur, he, she, or it accom-

Pfitavit, he, she, or it thought.

it surpassed.
he, she, or it raised.
Dedit, he, she,or it gave, or pledged.
Cepit, he, she, it took, captured or

Pr;estabat, he, she, or

AUevabat,

held.

Coniprehendit, he, she, or

Rellquit, he, she, or

panies.
Solatiir, he, she, or it

comforts.
Consolatur, he, she, or it consoles.
Vdgatur, he, she, or it wanders.

Extulit, he, she, or

it

seized.

it left.
it

was

Porrigebat, he, she, or

it

buried.

stretched

forth.

You are not so learned as I. Your queen is as liarsli a?

your king. I am such as I have always been. My friend
No one was ever so
is the same now as he was before.
corrupt as he. As the mind is, so is the body. Both the
king and I. You as well as your brother. My neighbour is
Either I am a fool, or the news
either a soldier or a sailor.
is false.
Food nourishes. Say always what you think. I
Indigence quite overshadows you.
liave never lost anything.
God overthrows and preserves. Study comforts and consoles
What did the solme. Who was buried ? I do not know.
dier stretch forth ? What did he raise ? What did he leave P

What

did he give to

you?

He

did not give

me

anything.

Sorrow accompanies delays and threatens me. Your pupil

sometimes mimics you, but he continually trusts to you and
loves you.
One is more industrious than another. The one
is

diligent,

but the other' as negligent as possible.

(1) As after

tarn, talis, tantus, tot is rendered by quam,qualis,

quantus, qu6t, respectively, but ut may be used instead of quam, thus,
quam (or ut soror). After ceque, as is rendiligens
tarn
frater nmi est
dered by atque, before a vowel, and by ac before a consonant, hni quam
may be used for atque and ut, thus ; frater eeqtte diligens est ac (or
After idem, as is generally rendered by qui, que, quod
quam) soror.
(See fletn. Ex. 87) ; but atque or ac may be used instead of tlie relaAs when followed
tive, thus : frater non idem est qua (or ac) soror.^
by possible is generally rendered by quam maxime, as ; Excelsus quara
Sometimes as is put in
niaxiiue esse, to be as haughty as posiLlc,

Rem.

89

niisi LA-iia couiisE.

English for leheii or w?dlst, in which case it is rendered by qiaa/i, cum

or dum, thus
dum ante ostium sto, as I stand before the door. Under most other circumstancis, as may be rendered by ut, as: Ita fuit
honoratus, ut nemo unquain, no one was ever so honoured as he,
;

130.

{interj.),'

Oh (inierj.), Oh.'
Heu (interj.), Alas !
Ehbdum {interj.). Hallo now!

Ave- {verb

interj.),

Hail

Health

to

you

{verb ^- interj.), Hail.' Welcome!

^- interj.), Fareivell !

Sahe

Vale' {verb

Bene

Rem.
but

is

(1)

The

Good bye!

vale {interj.).

interjection

generally understood in Latin,

is

sometimes expressed.

(2) Ave and salve are imperative forms of obsolete verbs, and proThese words, however, are
perly signify, be well, or be in health.
mostly used as a salutation at meeting, and when so put, stand for such
English greetings, as Good mornhiy I How are you 9
(3) Fale is properly an imperative form of the verb valere, to be
well or strojig ; but is the usual parting salutation, answering to Good
evening ! Adieu ! and similar locutions.

Ave
dicis

soror

Salve frater

festus dies

est egestas

Ehodum, quid

Amicus

fidelis

gene-

nunquam

tu es perpetu6

Si lisec est tua senteutia, bene vale.

Hcec res valde

est rarus.
Ca-

rosusque, salve

bona

Oh

Heu, quam molcsta

est obscura.

fortuna,

Rex omuino

ut

beatus

admodum

fuit conjuratus.
Mihi
Duce mihi et monitore opus est. Et
Campus fertilis immensusque
Dominus vinctus est, servus autem liber.
esse dicitur.
Hannibal dux erat peritus, clarusque, nequ&quam ver<5
felix.
Kon omnis dux felix esse potest. Omnis homo est

talina, ille vir iniquus, praecipuus

argento opus

est.

caritate et honore opus est.

pauper. Pater tuus admodum sereTJtinam omnis pater esset Justus et

jQortalis, sive dives sive

fus esse

videtur.

leverus

Tjrbs Sj'racusae perantiqua

imne sedificium et publicum

fonumque pulchrum fuit.

et

peramplaque

fuit.

Ibi

privatum, sacrum, pro-

90

adn's hkthod.
131.

a letter.
Dictum (n.), a saying.
iter (.), a journey.
Testudo (/.), a tortoise.
Culex (m.), a gnat.
Litfira' (/.),

Rfpfetitio (/.), repeiltio, practice.

(/.), commend at ton.

Commendatio

Conditio (/), condition.

ftpinio (/.), an opinion.
6dor {m.). a smell, or scent.

Felis (/.), a cat.

(??i.), the air.

Aer

Natio

(/.),

Stannum

Patientia (/.), jiatience.

Villa (/.), a country-house.

Cbrona (/.), a crown, or chaplet,

Contumelia (/.), an affront.
Auxiliator {m.), an ally.

a nation.

{.), tin.

Sagitta (/.), 07 arrow.

Pietas (/.), piety.

Garrulitas {/.), prattle.

Eector (w.), a rM/er.

Il(5ra6dium (w.), a remedy.

Good morning, Acerra

Good

evening, Chremes

in-

satiable time, bow envious you are! Is your name- Popilius? Wbat noise is tbat ?' Tbe crown is a regal insignia.
Patience is a praisewortby virtue.
Is tbat your opinion ?
No, it is not. Tbe cat is a useful, but deceitful animal.
journey if too long is generally fatiguing. Too mucb praise
is almost an affront.
If a nation is cruel, it is never safe.
Tbe gnat is a bideous and annoying insect.
creature is
so slow as tbe tortoise, or so swift as tbe stag.
Is a sweet
scent agreeable to you ? Every smell is not sweet, nor is
every perfume agreeable. If tbe site is cbeerful, tbe villa
single letter is sometimes a
itself is cbeerful likewise.
small book is often as good as a large one.*short word.
Every book is more- or less useful,^ small as well as large.
Truly tbat life, as it is called, of yours" is deatb.

No

Rem.

The noun

litera is

sometimes written

littera, or lettera,

by

the poets.

name

Popilius? Estne tibi nomen Popilius.

la
speaking of anything very closely associated with one's own person,
the possessives my, your, our, are rendered by the Latin datives mihi,
tibi, nobis, vobis, as, nomen Popilius est milii, the name Popilius is to
(See Rem. Ex. 104.)
me, i.e., my name is Popilius.
The demonstrative pro(3) What noise is Ma< ? Quis clamor est ?
nouns this and that, are often understood in questions after a form of
the verb to be.
The particle one, when used after
(4) As a large one, ac magnus.
adjectives in English, is not expressed in Latin ; e.g. equus albus aique
bonus est ac nigfr, a white horse is as good as a black one. (For other
ellipses of this kind, see Rems. Ex. 90, Ex. 96, Rem. 2, Ex. 104 ; Rem,
(2)

1,

Is

your

Ex. 118, and Rem.

3,

Ex. 126.)

MHST LATIN COUESE.

91

Moro

or less useful, plus minus rttilis.

In the locution more or
less, the conjunction o?- is usually dropped in Latin, as, omnis homo plus
minus est pins, every man ts moke or less godly.
(5)

(6) That life of yours, vestra vita. In such locutions as this book oj
mine, the compound possessives of mine, of thine, of ours, oj youra^
are rendered by the simple Latin possessives mens, tuns, suus, vester,
noster,
as,

sometimes with the demonstrative ille, and sometimes without,

meum illud iter, / do not know this route of mine.

ncscio

132.
Aureus, a, um, of gold, golden.
Ligncus, a, um, of wood, wooden.
Ferreus, a, um, of iron.
Lapideus, a, um, of stone.
ilheueus, a, um, of brass, brazen.
Nonnullus, a, um, some.

Nexus,

um, linked together.

Tempera tus, a, um, temperate,
a,

mild.
editus,

a,

um, published, pro-

nounced.
a,

Aliud
Belluin

a,

um,

astute, politic.

Natus, a, um, born.

Maritimus, a, um, maritime.
Immodifcus, a, um, excessive.
amarus, a, um, bitter.
Strtouus, a, um, energetic.
Futurus, a, VLxa, future.
Falsus, a, nvajfalse.
Assuetus, a, um, accustomed.

um, doubtful.
um, exemplaiy.
um, abounding.
um, whose.

Diibius, a,

egrggius, a,

um, strong, stout.

Exiguus, a, um, small, puny.

Validus,

Astutus,

Beiitus, a,

Cujus,

a,

medicamentum est suave,

adhuc dubium et incertum

vero araarum.

aliud
est.

Simulacrum

est

ligneum, forma vertim singularis et eximia.

Liber cujus
est?
Non omnis liber qui est editus utilis est. Utinam
omnis liber utilis esset
Britannia civitas eximia maritima est. Homo ad industriam natu's est. "tfonnulla" pars
Quod ineptum est, ripquaqiuam
est grata, nonnulla ingrata.
!

estlaudandum. Haec amnis quamquam exigua, aiit. ^st et

celeris.
Labor est sanus, immodicus vero labor valde
noxius. Si dictum est verum, prseceptum metidax esse debet.
Fraesidium quamquam validum, expugnari tameu potest.
Qiiis tarn perditus ac

Si frater tuus

pravus conjuratus fuit

plerumque

est diligeus,

quam

Catalina

nunc quidem

otiosus

Dux peritus interdum melior est quam murus

^dificium ligneum non est tam perenne, quam
aheneus.
lapideum. Anniilus hie ferreus est,^ alter autera aureus.
esse videtur.

Eem.

Annulus hie ferreus

est, this is

tions as an iron ring, Uitojie bridge, the

corresponding Latin adjective

In such locurcnd&red by the

an ikon ring.
first

noun

is

AHN

METHOD.

133,
(/.), occasion, opporiimity, emergeticy
Ing6iiiuni (m.), capacity, disposition, learning.
)

Fiicies C/.), the face, conntenatice, aspect, expression.

Ees

...
militaris (/,)
_.
,,
,
)
,
""^"''^ ^'"'*' *^' ''' "-^ '''
Disciplina militaris (/.) /
Quadrupes(m.), a Aorse or other domestic animal, a quadruped.
Dementia (/.), madness, stupidity, foolishness.

stone statue

is

not so durable as an iron one.

An

iron

not so valuable as a gold one. The unwritten law' is

sometimes more useful than the written law. Had Tarquin
not been too proud, he would not have been an exile. Family
rinfi; is

and ability alone are^ nothing. Is the soldier who is tired

and wounded an old man P Do you really wish to be learned?
Yes, certainly. Is that your cloak ? Yes, it is mine. Is
your friend afflibleP No, not very. Your neighbour is not
disobliging, is he ?
No, not in the least. A disposition that
Your friend is sociable
18 not tractable, is never docile.
enough, though his expression is surly. Verres, the Roman
lieutenant-general, was a dissolute and extravagant man. The
art of war is not only useful, but sometimes very necessary.
If the enterprise is praiseworthy and the opportunity favourWere every ruler^ just
able, there ought to be no delaying.
and prudent, human society would be muah more cheerful

than

now

it

is.

The unwritten law. Englisli adjectives compounded witli

un, as unlike, undone, unwritten, are often best rendered by the simple
adjective with non, as, lex non scripta, the unwritten law.
(2) Are nothing, say, 5 nothing. See Hem. 1, Ex. 127, and Rem. 2,
Ex. 128.
Were every ruler, say, if every ruler were. In English (be
(.3)
conjunction if h sometimes dropped, and the verb or auxiliary placed
at tlie bead of the sentence, as, were I, for if I were ; had I, for if 1
had; when the auxiliary is so used, si will have to be supplied in

Rem.

(1)

Latin.

134.

Morbus
Exitium

N^mus

{m.),

a disease, or malady.

(m.), decease, destruction.

(n.),

a wood, or grove.

Salus (/.), health, safely.

Fimulusfm), a man-servant.

Architectus ('.) an architect.

Augur

(i.), a soothsayer.
TMendicus (m.), a beggar.
LapiUus (m.), a pebble.
Captivitas (/.), captivity.

Iniitatio (/.), imitation.

Delpbinus (m.), a dolphin.

FIKST LATIN COUUSE.

Crifiis (!.), the cati.

Astrum (n

Lac

6leum

(w.), milk.

a star.

Off Iciura (m.), duty.

Pectus (w.), the breast.

Silis (/.), thirst.

allies (/.),

93
),

{h.), oil.

afir-tve,

611US (?i.), biirdm.

Sonirius (w!.),

Velum

Ci'isa (/.),

Quoe

liDCc

{n.), cloth.

demcntiL

est

Heu, astrum

.s/tjep.

a cottaye.

meum

sinistrum!

Condimentiim oleum est utile.

ferreus est suu.nus.
Hie furor verus est,
Si morlDus est gravis, mors manet.

Mors

iraitutio.
Velox delphinus semper hilaris et festus est.
^Temus frigidum umbrosumque gaudiuni est meuui. Augur
Eeneficium ssepe est panpertas,
ante exitium signum dat.

non

Manus est liberalis, si pectus generosura est.

Nescio
Saepe mendicus seque beatus est atque imperator.
quare tristis si?, quamvis salus satis robusta est tua. Plerum-

lion onus.

que velum si crassum et asperum perenne est.

Poena capEst nicum officiura
tivitas ncn tam dura est quam exilium.
Populus ilia non est lam alta et proNon omnis arbor alta est et procera.
Famulus noster paulo est remissus, eximius autem coquus,
piura ac probum esse.
cera quam hcec abies.

Ubinam' consul
Eem.

est,

rogo

The particle
(1) f/6/fli consul est ? Where is the consul f
frequently appended to quis, quid, and nbi wlien put interrogatively.
Nam properly signifies by name, so tliat ubitiam stands for
in what place by name, i.e. what is the name of the place ?

nam

is

135.
Urbanus,

a,

'jm,o/cr belonoing

a city, nrbaiie, polite.

to

MedTocris,

e,

passable, middliny.,

tolerable.

In -vrliat place is my book ? The boy does not believe what

he says. My brother not only did not come, but he did not
even write. Old ago is generally grave and steady. What
is cruel is always olTensive to me.
The court-house is open,
is it not P
A prudent king is never invidious or unjust. The
whole of this region is rugged and barren. No wind is so
agreeable as the west wind. A sensible boy is never slothful
or remiss.
This letter of yours, though passable, is by no
means correctly written. A sailor is sometimes an extravagant spendthrift, but rarely a miser, A boy who is a buffoon
is generally a fool also.
Do not tht-refure be a buffoon.
ought always to be affable, courteous, and polite.

We

APPENDIX.
PARTS OF SPEECH.
As

the words of the Latin language are

divided into eight classes termed Parts of Speech.'
These
are
(1) Nouns orwords that express anything that exists or can be made
the subject of discourse, whether tangible, as domus (a house), or inin English,

all

'

tangible, as dolor {grief).

Hem. Nouns, when tangible, are

but

tiie

(2)

as

word nomi

is

more properly termed

usually employed to signify both.

si<6s/a?!/iiic,

Adjectives or words used in expressing the qualities of nouns,

bonus {good}, prdvus (had).

Rem. In the locution a c/rowuir/ crop, the word growing qualifies

the noun crop, and is consequently an adjective
but in the phrase the
crop is growing, the word growing expresses an act ratlier than a
quality, and is consequently a verb.
Those words tliat arc adjectives
when used in one way, and verbs when used in another, are termed
participles, such are exccllens {excelling or excellent), caplus {/taring
captured or caught), and all similar words.
;

3. Pronouns or words used to supply the place of nouns, as Is, ea,

td {he. she, it).
4. Verbs or words that express an act or state, as cadere {to strike),

pati

{to suffer).

5. Adverbs or words used to extend the meaning of verbs or to

qualify adjectives, as valde {very), bene {well), fldefiter {faithfully).

6. Prepositions or words used to denote tlie relations between other

words, as infra {below), siiper {above), ante {before).
Rem. Prepositions are sometimes used as adverbs, and vice versA

Conjunctions or words used in connecting other words and sentences, as 6i {if), et {and), sed {but).
8. Interjections, or ejaculatory particles, used in expressing some
emotion of the mind, as heu {Alas !), ehoduni {hallo there I).
7.

Of

the eight parts of speech, four, viz. nouns, adjectives,

the others are in;

pronouns and verbs, vary in form

Twiable.


APPENDIX.

95

In the Exercises the following abbreviation are used

to

distinguisli the parts of speech

Sub. substantive or noun.
Adj. adjective.
Pron. pronoun,
verb.
V.

Adv.

adverb.
Prep, preposition.
Conj. conjunction,
Interj. interjection.

NOUNS.
The word noun means name, and properly signifies adand pronouns as well as substantives. The -words
of the first part of speech are properly called 7ioun- suhstan,'

jectives
fives,

tive

but for the sake of brevity the word noun or substanis used, to denote what is signified by the term

alone

noun-substafitive.

CLASSES.

Nouns are divided into the following classes

Common. Substantives that name anything that lias size and form,
domus [a house), equus (a horse), are termed Common nouns.
:

as

Abstract.
Those that express qualities, attributes or passions, as
forma {beauty), virtus (manliness), amor {love), are termed -^4 6s/rac/
7iouns.

Proper. Names of persons and places, as Bit {Pluto), Carthago

{Carthage), are termed Proper nouns or names.
Patronymics are nouns formed from the name of a father or ancestor,
as PeUdes, the son. of Peleus, i. e. Achilles : these are all of Greek
origin.

These are nouns that have a termination signifying

Diminutives.
as bacillus {a little stick), and are mostly formed by adding "is
or ulus to the noun, as from puer, puSrulus {a little boy).
little,

GENDER.
Latin nouns are of three genders, masculine, feminine, and
neuter, thus
1. Names of males arc masculine, as ^neas {a mans name), Bucephalus {the name of a horse), lea {a lion).
2. Names of females are feminine, as Helena {a woma^i's name),
Thoe (the name of a mare), leeena {a lioness).
3. Names of inanimate objects are of all three genders, thus, annus
{a pear) is masculine; mensa {a table), feminine; and regnum {a
\ingdo7n), neuter. The gender of inanimate nouns is mostly determined
:

by the declension

to

which they belong, but they are likewise subject

to the following general rules

Names

of months, winds, rivers, and mountains, are mostly masculine, as Aprilis {the month of April), Uqudo {the north wind), Tir
beru{the river liber), Othrys {a hill in Thessaly).
(a)

96

APPENDIX.

Names

towns, trees, ships, and poems, are mostly

feminine, as JEyyptus {Egypt), t'urinthus {Corinth), pomus (on
apple-tree).
Argo {the name of a s/iip), JSneis [the ^neid of Virgil).
(c) Letters, words, and phrases (when used as nouns, and all otlier
indeclinable substances,) are neuter, as a [the letter a), scire tiiwn {your
knowledge), eras islud {that to-morrow).
See also Rem. 1, Ex. 84.
4. Some inanimate nouns are both masculine and feminine, as pidvi
{dust).
These are said to be of Doubtful Gender.
5. Some nouns, signifying persons, are likewise both masculine and
feminine, as;;are?;5 {a mother or father), conjux {a husband or ivife),
These are said to be of Common
civis {a citizen, male or female).
(b)

of

ccnintvipr,,

Gender.
6. Some nouns, particularly names of birds, are either masculine or
feminine, but not both thus passer (a sparrou') is masculine, and yet
may either signify a male or female, so ciquXla {an eagle) is fcmiuinG,
but may signify either a male or female.
Such nouns are said to bo
;

Eptcine.

DECLENSIONS.
under certain circumstances these variations or cases are six in number,
termed respectively :

The Latin nouns

Yar}^ in termination

The Nominative.

When
is said to

noun

The Genitive. The Dative.

The Vocative. The Ablative.
is

The

Accusative.

made

be declined.

have been declined

to assume its case terminations, it

Originally all the nouns appear to

alike,

ally arose, which render

it

but certain irregularities gradu-

now

necessary to divide them

into five groups or declensions, each one having its

of case terminations, thus

own

set

97
Second Declension.
Servus (m.), a servant
Plural.

Singular

Nam. Sorv
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Voe.
Abl.

Serv i, servants.
Serv orum, of servants,
Serv is, to servants.
Serv OS, servants.
Serv i, servants.
Scrv is, 6j/ servants.

us, a servant.
Scrv i, of a servant,
Serv o, to a servaiit.
Serv um, a servant.
Serv e, servant.
Serv o, by a servant.

Rem. The nominative and vocative cases are generally alike in

both numbers throughout the declensions, but nouns of the Second
Declension in us have tlie vocative singular in e.

Scamnum
Nom. Scamn um, a bench.
Gen. Scamn i, of a bench,
Bat. Scamn o, to a bench.
Ace. Scamn um, a bench.
Vac.
Scamn um, bench.
Abl.
Scamn o, by a bench.

(.),

a bench.
Scaran

a,

benches.

Scamn orum, of benches.

Scamn Is, to benches.
Scamn a, benches.
Scamn a, benches,
Scamn is, by benches.

Rem. Neuter nouns of all the declensions have, like seamnttm, the
nominative, accusative, and vocative alike in both numbers, and in the
plural these cases always end in a.

Third Declensl
Pater (w.), a father.

Nom.
Ge>i.

Dat.
Ace.
Voc.
Abl.

Pater, afalher.
Patr is, of a father.
R;Ur i, to a father.
Patr em, a father.
Vater, father.
Patr e, by a fa/her.

Nubes

Xom Niib
Gm. Nub
Bat.
Ace.
Voc.

Abl.

Nub
Nub
Nub
Nub

es,

a cloud.

of a cloud.
i, to a cloud.
em, a cloud.
is,

es,
e,

cloud.

by a cloud.

Rem. Some nouns

ia um, others in ium ;

Patr es, father;.

Patr um, of fathers,
Patr ibus, to fathers,
Patr es, fathers.
Patr es, fathers.
Patr thus, by fathers.
(/.),

cloud.

Niib es, clouds.

Niib ium, of clouds.

Nub
Nub
Nub
Nub

thus, to clouds.
es, clouds.
es,

clouds.

ibus,

by clouds.

of the third declension have the genitive plural

this is explained in the Second Course.

98

99

APPKMUIX.

and

termed respectively,

classes,

tliree

Vurianls,

Eedundants,

Defectives.

Variants.

Variants are nouns that vary in gender, declension, or

that have a different meaning in the plural from what they
have in the singular, thus
:

1.

The

plural:

following are masculine in the singular and neuter in the

Avernus,

(to.),

or

Averna orura

(n. phi.),

a lake of Campania, and

in the poets, the infernal regions.

or Micnula orum (ii. plu.\ a hill in Arcadia.

i [m.), or Tartara orura {n. iJ/.), the deepest part of the infernal regions.
Taenarus, i (m.), or Taenara orum {n. plu.), a promontory of Laconia,
under which there is a cave, supposed by the poets to be the entrance
of the infernal regions.
The nouns Diudymus, a hill of Phrygia ; Ismarus, a hill of Thrace;

Moenahis,
Tartarus,

(to.),

Massicus, a mountain of

Campania

Pangxus, a promontory of

Thrace ; Tayg^tus, a hill of laconia ; and a few others have, in

the same way, neuter plural forms, but chiefly in the poets.
2.

The following

are neuter in singular, and masculine in plural

Coelura, heaven, the shy.

Elysium, Elysium.
Argos, or Argi, a city of Greece.
3.

Neuter in singular, and feminine in plural

The

last is

Delicium, delight.
fepuluni, a banquet.
Balneum, a bath.
also sometimes nuuter in plural.

in singular, and neuter in plural

Carbasus, sail-clulh.

1.

Feminine

5.

Masculine in singular, and masculine or neuter iu plural

Locus, a place, jocus, a Jest.

6.

Neuter in singular, and masculine or neuter in plural

Pastrum, a rake, fra;num, a bridle.

Pergamus,

(/.), or Pergiiraa,

orum

(.), Troy.
;

7. The following change their declension :

Vas, a vessel, is of the third declension in singular, and of the second
iu plural, as vas, gen. vasis ; plural, vasa, gen. orum.
Diural.
Jugerum. fK (^"-re, is of the second in sin*5ular, and third

APIENBIX.

103

; epiilum, a feast ; exuviura, spoil; indusium, a

garment ; and balneum, n bath, arc of tbe second declensioii in lingular, and first in plural, ihc last, however, has also balnea in plural.

DelKciura, a delight

(Sec Obs.
8.

above.)

3,

Tbe following change

the

meaning

in plural

iEdes, a house, or building.

Auxilia, auxiliary troops.

-Sides, or aedis, a

temple ;
Auxilium, help ;
Castrum, a fort
C5niTtium, a place of assembly
Copia, abundance ;
Facultas, ^jou'e?- of acting ;
LitSra, a letter of the alphabet
Ops, or opis, help ;
Sal, salt

Castra, a camp.
Coniilia, the asscnibhj itself.

Copiac, troops.

Facultates, property.

an epistle.
power.

Litgrse,
(ipes,

.Sales,

And

PLURAL.

SINOXJL.\R.

witticitms.

so with a few others.

Redundtmts.

A few

nouns

cases, thus

liave duplicate forms of

some or

all

the

1. Nouns derived from the Greek have often both the Greek and
Latin forms of tbe genitive, hut not always, as Chremes, gen. Chremis,
or Chremetis.
2. Nouns have often duplicate nominatives varying in form, but of

the same number, gender, and declension, as arbor, or arbos, arboris

(/.), a tree ; so httnSr, or h6n6s, gen. hbnoris (m.), honour.
3. Some have duplicate nominatives of the same form, but varying
in gender and genitive, as p6cu8, pScudis (/.), or pCcus, genitive pec6ris (n.), cattle.

4. The following have duplicate nominatives of the same form and

gender, but of different declensions
:

or d6mus, us (/.), a house.

or launis, us (/.), a laurel-tree.
Ficus, i, or ficus, lis (/.), a Jig-tire.
Pinus, i, or pinus, us (/.), a pine-tree.
Cupressus, i, or cupressus, i^is (/.), a cypress-tree.

D6mus,

i,

Laurus,

i,

5. A few have duplicate nominatives, varying in form and gender,

but of the same declension, as sibulus, i (!.), or sibiilum, i (;.), hissing ; baculus, i (.), or baculum, i (.), a stick.
6. I'be following, and a few others, have duplicates as regards declension, but are of the same gender.

Materia,

ae,

elfephantus,

or materies, ei (/.), matter.

or elfephas, antis {m.), an elephant.

i,

Paupertas, atis, or pauperies,

Plebs, plebis, or plebes, is, or

ei (/).,
ei

poverty.

(/.J, the

common people

ArPKNDlI.

101

Many Greek

proper names are redunJants of this last crass, as Chalehap, so, or antis; Orestes, se, or is; ffidipus, pi, or p5des
Orpheca,
ir Orpheus, gen., Orpheos, or Orphei.
7. The following, and some others, have duplicates varying both in
gender and declension
;

alimonia,

tc (/.), or aliraoniuni, i (n.),food.

Buccina, ce (/.), or biiccinum, 1 (.), a belt.
Esseda, se (/.) or essedum, i (n.), a goblet.
Menda, oe (/.), orniendum, i (.), a blemish.
JEthra, re (/.), or aether, sethferis (m.), ether.
Coins, i (/.), or cblus, us (m.), a distaff.
Consortio, onis (/.), or consortium, i {n.), a partnership.

Defectives,

Many nouns
bers,

are only used in one or other of the

and some want one or more of the

cases,

thus

num-

1. The following are regularly declined in the singular, but are not
used in the plural
:

(a) The names of quantities or abstract notions, as pifetas, roc?Zi;!s ;

f^mes, hunger ; v6nia, pardon.
{b) All nouns implying a mass or substance, as aurum,^oW; argilla,
ch^y ; sanguis, blood.
(c) Collective nouns, as plebs, the common people ; vulgus, ihe mob,
(d) The nouns
Mgridies, midday.

Aer, air.
M\\ier, ether.

Nemo,

dawn.
a sun-beam.

Jiibar,

Pontius,

And
2.

one.

Pelagus,

The following

,,

"''''"

Specimen, a sample.

Justitium, a vacation.
Lethum, death.

dngular

710

Biluculura, the

Ver, spring.
a few others.

are regularly declined in the plural, but have no

:
(a) Masculines.

Antes, rows,
Cancelli, a lattice.

Libgri, children.

IManes, a ghost.

Fasti, ajinals.

IMajores, ancestors.

LCmures, spectres.
Penates, household gods.

Minores, posterity,
Prcicgres, nobles.

Primores, chiefs.

And some names

of tjwns, as Delj^hi, Delphis

Philippi, Philippi.

102

AfPENDIJ
(6) Feminincs.

Minse, threats,
Nonae, nones.
NugED, trifles.

Argutise, tubtiliies,
Calendae, the calends.
Divltiae, riches.

Exciibiae,

watch and ward

idus, the ides {of the montli)

InducisB, a truce.
Inferiae,

an

several

Scalae, stairs.

Scopae, a hroom.

Tenebras, darkness,

offtring,

Instdire, snares.

And

Niiptiae, marriafjc.

Nundinae, a market-daij.
Reliquiae, remains.

Facetiae, wit.
Feriae, a holiday.

Valvoe, folding doors.

names of towns,

as, Syracusae,

(c)

Syracuse;

Atbeiisc, Athent,

Neuters.

Arma, arms.

Munia,

CunabuLi, a cradle.
Exta, entrails.
ilia, the flank.
Minia, a fortified wall.
Mapalia, huts.

Praicordin, the heart.

Scruta, wares.

offices.

Sponsalia, espousals.
Yiscfera, entrails.

Several names of towns and festivals, as Bactra, Saturnalia.

Tbe genitive plural of these nouns will be given in ibc index

and vocabularies of Second Course.
This will enable the
learner to know the declension of any plural noun ; thus, Syrdciisa,
drum, denotes a noun of the first, and Philippi, 6rum, a noun of tlie
second declension, because arum and orum are genitive plural terminations of these declensions respectively.
Rem.

to present

3. Some defectives want all the cases, or in other words, they arc indeclinable, having only a single form these are termed aptots. Such arc
;

Pondo, a pound weight.

Fas, right.

Cepe, an onion.

Nefas, wrong.

Gummi, gum.

\n&iav, a likeness.
Nihil, nothing.
Sinapi, mustard.

Frugi, thrift or thrifty.

Mane, morning.

Also some foreign words, as manna, Baal; several Greek words,

{n. plu.), a valley in Thessaly.

n.S

Tempe

Rem. The most of these nouns stand

well as singular, but /as, instar, 9iihil, can
nom. ace. and voc. singular, and sinapi is
nouns have a singular and a plural, both
a song

plu. mfele, songs.

The nouns

vferu,

for all the cases, plural as

properly be used only in the
not used in plural.
A fev/

indeclinable, as sing,

spit ; niille,

nifelds,

a thousand,

cornu, a horn ; genu, the kiiee, and all other nouns in u of the fourth
decision are aptots in the singular, but have aJl Ae tlural forms.

103

Ai-I'EN'DIX.

Some

defectives bave only one oblique case in use, these are termed
monoptots : such are
4.

Kaiici [ge7i. sing.), of a nutshell,

Ostciitui {dat. sing.), for show.

Ingratiis {abl.plv.), against one"

Astu

Ambage

will.

by craft.
Jussii {nbl. sing,), by command.
Natu {abl. sing.), by birth.
Noctu {abl. sing.), by night.
Iiificias {ace. pi u.), denial.

{abl. sing.), winding.

Casse (abl. sing.), with a net.
Annali {abl. sing.), by a record.
Fauce {abl. sing.), by or with the

{ahl. sing.),

Of

jaw.

these the last four have the plural forms entire,

The following have only two

5.

cases in use,

and are termed dip-

tots.

Fors, chance, abl. forte.

Iraiigtis, an attack, abl. impfite.
Suppetise, aid, ace. suppgtias.

6.

tots

an acre,

abl. jug6re.
Compfedis, a fetter, abl. compgcle,
a stripe, abl. verbgre.

Juggris,

Verbferis,

Of these the last three have all the plural forms.

The following have only three cases in use, and are termed

trtp-

:
Fgminis (gen.), ftmini {dat.), femine {abl.), the thigh.
Lues (nom.), liiem (ace), lu^ (abl.), a plugne.
Prgci (dat.), precem (ace), prfece 'abl.), prayer.
Situs {nom.), situm (ace), situ {abl.), filth.
{no7n.), vespgrem {ace.), vespgre or i {abl.), evening.

Vesper

Of these the noun ^reci, which appears to be derived from a nominative ^rer, is regular in the plural.
'Jhe following

have only the nom. voc. and ace. plural in use, and
number.

arc consequently triptots as regards that

Hiems,
'^it:\,

Fgl, gall.

ivinter.

Mgtus, /ear.
Rus, the country.
.Solium, a throne.

honey.

Thiis, frankincense.
gbiir, ivory.

Far, corn,
7.

^pt^'S,

The following want

the

nom. and

hope.

ace.

sing.

and thus, having

Ditionis, dominion; frugis,

only four cases, are termed tetrupiots
6pis, help ; vicis, a turn; sordis, filth.
Vis, power, also is rarely found in gen. or dat. sing.

fritil;

8.

The

following,

and several

others,

want

the genitive plural,

and

mouth;

fax,

having only five cases, are termed pentapiots

a tcrch ; sol, the sun ; pax, peace ; lux, light.
so

6s, the

Those defectives that want only one or two eases, are irregular only
found in any of the existing classics,
is no authority for their use.

in so far as these cases are not

and conseq^uently tttre


APPENDIX.

XOi

ADJECTIVES.
Adjectives vary in form, to agree with the substantives
in gender, number, and case.
Some adjectives have a no-

minative form corresponding with each gender, as mas.

bonus, fern, bona, neut. boniim ; others liave only two nomi
native forms, as mas. and fem. tristis, neut. tn'sfe ; man^
have only one form for all three genders, as maB. felix, hni,
(See Ex. 40 and 62.)
felix, neut. felix.
Adjectives are declined like nouns of corresponding ter^minations
thus, 5o?ims is declined like servus ; bma, like
mensa : boimm, like scanwuni, and so on. The adjectives
maj', nevertheless, be divided into three declensions, according as they are of one, two, or three terminations, thus
;


APrENDIX.

106

Third Declension.
Yclox, gen, Velocis, swift.

KING UL All.

m.

Num.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
foe.
Abl.

Rem.

PLl

m. 4/.

/. if n.

velox.
vel6c-is.
vfcloc-i.

vtl6c-em,
vtlox.
vel6c-e, or

i.

Ad'ectives of one termination have two in tbe plural, because

the nom. ace. und voc. cases of the neuter plural always end in a. (See
Ivemark to second declension of nouns.)

IKREGUL.\R ADJECTIVES.
The

adjectives unus, one; duo,

dccilued thus

two; and

tres, three;

are

106

Al'PENDIX.

Rem.

Tres

an adjective of two teriuiuations, and like duo, haa

All the other numerals, from quatuor, four, to centum,
is

no singular.
a hundred, are indeclinable, as are
and quOt, how many.

also the adjectives t6t, so

many,

PRONOUNS.
There a;e

fifteen

pronouns in Latin, which are divided

into five classes, thus

1.

and ipse, wliicli are declined tliua:

Ego, 7.

1]iQ personals ego, sui,

First Ferson.

.VLUHAL.

Norn

nu.s, we.
nostrum, or nustr

of

US.

nobis, to us.

nos, us.

not used.

/rum

nobis,
I

us.

Second Ferson,
PLURAL.
Vos, you.
Vestrura or tri, o/ you,
Yobis, to you,
^'6s, you.
\v.s, you.
Yobis, with you,
Sui, of himself.

8INOI7LA.K

AND

PLUIiAX.

Gen. Sui, of himself

Dat. Sibi, to himself.
Acc. Se, himself.
AM. Se, by himself. '

Rem. Sui has no nominative or vocative cases, and the same forms
Sometimes the accusative se is
serve for both singular and plural.
doubled, as inter sese, amongst themselves, or in speaking of two persons, between themselves.

Ipse, himself,

S1NGULA1!.

Mas.

Fern.
ips-a

Neut.

ips-um, himself, herself, itself,

Norn. Ips-c,
Geti. Ips-ius or ips-ius, for all gen. of himself, herself, itself.
ips-i, to himself, herself, itself,
ips-i,
Dat. Ips-i,

Acc.

Ips-um,

ips-am,

Abl.

Ips-o,

ips-a,

ips-um, himself, herself, itself.

ips-o, by himself, herself, ittelj.

108
the speaker;

7fe

spoken of; and

mostly refers to an object connected with the persot

an object connected with the person spoken to.

iste to

ENGLISFI INDEX.
The Numljers refer
A. 3 rem.

to the

Exercises, not to the Pages.

no
Believe, 84, 93

ENGLISH IXDET.

ENGLISH INDEX.
Daily, 100
Dale, 113

Damocles, 121

Damp,

123

Danger, 103
Dangerous, 51
Daring, 65, 72
Darius, 127
Dark, 67
Datames, 121

Die, 110
Difficult, 44
Difficulty, 119
Dili(jence, 53

Diligent, 62
Dinner, 103 rem.
Di>genes, 111
Dionysius, 121

Disadvantageous,

55
Disagreeable, 35
Discipline, 95, 125
Discourse, 119
Discretion, 19 rem.
Deal, 13, 52
Disease, 134
Dear, 51
Diseased, 30
Death, 21
Disgraceful, 44
Debt, 125
Dishonest, 13
Decease, 131
Dishonesty, 119
Deceit, 125
Dismal, 91
Deceitful, G5
Disobliging, 60
Deceived. 103
Disposition, 133
Decemljer, 53
Dispute, 61
Dedicateii, 9S
Dissimilar, 91
Deed, 28 lem.
Deep, 36 rein., 55 Dissolute, 123
Ditch, 113
rem.
Divine, 71
Defiled, 89
Definition, 103
Do, 117, 122 rem.
Defonnity, 33 rem, Docile, 73
Does, 117 rem.
Deity, 109
Dolphin, 134
Delay, 81
Door-keeper, 61
Delaying, 81
Dost, 117
Delays, 129
Double-faced, 72
Doubtful, 49, 72,132
Delight, 28
Delighted, 105
Dressed, 80
Delightful, 68, 98 Drink, 33, 101
Dull, 23, 91, 97
rem.
Dumb, 118
Delights, 93
Durable, 68
Delivered, 129
Demosthenes, 121 Dust, 95
Dutiful, 13
Demure, 89
Dense, 67, 89
Duty, 134
Depraved, 118
Earth, 53
Deservedly, 88
Easier, 103
Design, 19 rem.
East, 134
Desirable, 102
Easy, 44
Desire, 87, 104
Eat, 101
Desired, 102, 104
Desires, 104
Eats. 114
Despatch, 92 rem. Eccentric, 63
Destruction, 87, 134 Economy, 81
Destructive, 91
Edge, 119 rem.
Detect, 101
Edifice, 61, 113 rem.
Detestable, 91
Education, 103, 113
Devouring, 72
Egyptian, adj., 116
Devout, 71
subs., 116
Dictator, 61
rem. 3.
Dictatorship. 119
Either, 128
Elegant, 97
Did, 117, 122 rem.
Dangliter, 5
Day, 79

Dead, 89

83
Eligible, 97
Eloquent, 80, 97
Else, 60
Emergencv, 133
Elep't.ant,

Ill
Exemplary, 132

Exercise, 53, 93
Exile, 57
Existence, 37
Expected, 118
Expert, 105, 118
Eminent, 72, 102
Exquisite, 105
Emperor, 37
Extraordinary, 68L
Empire, 37
Encounter,119rem,
97
Extravagant, 123
End, 45, 100
Enduring, 62
Face, 133
Enemy, 77
Fact, 28 rem.
Energetic, 132
England, 99
Faith, 87
English, 116
Faithful, 59
Englishman, 116
Faithfully, 88
False, 65, 132
rem 3
Falsehood, 63
Enlightened, 59
Fame, 1 13
Enmity, 95
Familiar, 102
Enough, 58
Enterprise, 28 rem. Family, 34, 81
Entertainment, 87 Famous, 107
Far, 52, 100
Entire, 42
off, 52
Entrust, 92 rem.
Farewell, 130
Envied, 49 rem.
Envious, 49
Fat, 89, 98 rem.
Fatal, 123
Epaminondas, 99
Ephesian, adj., 116 Fate, 57
subj., 116 Father, 1
rem.
Fatiguing, 98
Fault, 33, 64, 69 rem.
Equal, 91, 97
Favourable, 86
Erect, 36 rem.
Featherless, 73
Err, 101
Esp^-^iall)-, 74, 112 February, 53
Fellow, 25 rem., lis
Estais, 29
Eternal, 71
rem.
Eugenia, 39
trayeller, 0"
Europe, 99
rem.
Ferocious, 65
Evasive, 105
Even,48,74,122rem. Fertile, 40
Fidelity, 87
if, 48
Ever, 58
Field, 29
Fierce, 72
Every, 42
Fight, 119 rem.
day, 100
'
Figure, 64, 87
part of, 42
person, 118 Filthv, 123
Fine, 22, 35, 49
rem.
thing, 118 Finger, 113
Firm, 89, 118
rem.
First, adj., 51
where, 53
a<lv.,eG
Evil, adj., 4 rem.
Fir-tree, 134
sub., 109
T'lxed, 49
Exalted, 36 rem.
Flagrant, 91
Example, 11
Flaw, 33 rem.
Excellent, 97
Fleeting, 62
Excelling, 97
Except, 74
Flesh, 77
Flight, 41
Exception, 69
Flood of tears, 85
Excessive, 132
Esecutirt), 64
rem.

112

ENGLISH INDKX.
Dlustrious, 55, 91,
123
Image, 64
Imitation, 134
Immoral, 13
Immortal, 40
Impede, 101
Imperious, 89
Impertinent, 102
Impiety, 125
Important, 63
Impression, 125
Improper, 102
Impriulent, 97

Impudently, S3
In a manner, S3

danger, 114
future, 108

good condition,
03 rem.
no wise, 66 rem.
time past, 108
truth, 103
Inactive, 18
Inactivity, SI

Inasmucli as, 54
Income, 81
Inconstant, 49
Indeed, 52, 108
Indian, adj., 116
suh.,ll6 rem.
Indifferently, 52
Indigence, 119
Individual,118rem.
Indolent, 18
Indulgent, 123
Industrious, 9
Inebriety, 63
Infatuation, 81
Infirm, 71
Influence, 61
Ingredient, 75
Iniquitous, 55
Injurious, 30
Injury, 125
Inn, 57

Invidious, 49
Ipliicrates, 111
Irascible, 60
Ireland, 99

Irksome, 9&
Iron, 47, 132 rem.
Is, 8,44 rem., 48, 56,
64 rem., 70, 90

aux, 114
Island, 39
Islander, 125
It, 50, 56 rem., S6
rem., 90
Its, 20, 104 rem.
Itself, 76, lOG
Ivory, 109
,

Jerusalem, 111
Jocund, 98 rem.
Join, 93
Jolly, 98 rem.
Journey, 131
Jovial. 98 rem.
Joy, 28
Joyful, 98 rem., 113
Joyous, 98 rem.
Judge, 41
Judgment, 25
Juno, 121
Jupiter, 121
Just, 9
now, 108
Justice, 17
119
Justly, 108

Keen, 55, 107

Kind, 35
Kindness, 64
Kindred, 81
King, 19

Know,

84,

92

Knowledge, 109

Known, 123
Knows, 02

Innocent, 97
Insatiable, 55, 72
Insect, 17 rem., 83

rem.

Laboriou.?, 98
Labour, 79

Insignia, 64
Instinct, 32
Integrity, 69

Lacedemonian, 55
Lady, 31
Land, 29, 53
Language, 79

Intellect, 37

Large.

6, 98, 12,3

Intelligent, 72
Lasting, 68
Intemperate, 62
Latin, 110
Intention, 19 rem.
Latter, 128
Interesting, 98 rem. Law, 17, 63
Intimate, 61 rem., Lazy, 23

87

Leader, 87

Leaf, 119

Learn, 101
Learned, 36
Learning, 103, 123
Least, 48, 66
Left, adj., 98
,

verb, 129

hand, 125
Legislator, 113
Leisure, 18

Lenient, 59
Lenity, 69
Less, 66 rem., 122
Letter, 85. 131
Liberal, 59
Liberality, 109 rem.
Liberty, 113
Licentious, 71
Lies hid, 114
open, 114
Lieutenant gen., 29

Maintains, 91
Majesty, 119

Malady, 134
Male, 25
Malicious, 43
Maltese, 116
Man, 24 rem., 25,
118 rem.
Mankind, 125
Manliness, 34
Manner, 83
Man-servant, 131
Marcus, 121
Maritime, 132

Mark, 121
Market-place, 119

Marshy, 107

Master, 17, 31
Matter, 28 rem.
Maxim, 1 rem.
May, 120
Life, 11
Me, 106, 115
Light, 63, 73
Mean, 59
Lightning, 125
Means, 66 rem., 8S
Like, verb, 84, rem.
rem., 122
104
Meat, 33, 77
,ad^73,91, 97 Mechanical, 91
Liked, 104
Medicine, 34
Likes, 104
Meek, 44
Likewise, 48
Megara, 111
Limit, 45
Mellow, 44
Line, 69
Merchant, 19
Linked together, Merciful, 62
132
Blerry, 98
Lion, 83
Messenger, 16
Lioness, 83
Metal, 47
Little, adj., 6, 97
Metiscus, 127
,</y.,66, 97 Middle, 102
sub., 109
of, 102
Live, 101
Middling, 135
Lively, 98 rem .,107 Midst, 102
Lofty, 36
Mild, 44, 59, 132
London, 99
Mildness, 33
Long, 6, 100
Military, 91
Longer, 100, 108
discipline
Lord, 17
Lost, 123, 129
Milk, 134
Loud, 98
Miltiades, HI
Love, verb, 84
Mimics, 129
, suh., 85
Mind, 37, 95rvVl.
Lovely, 22
Mine, 20
Loves, 92
Mirthful, 98 rem.
Low, 73
Mischief, 109 rem.
Luscious, 68
Mischievous, 4 rem
Lu.xuriously, 66
86
Lydian, 116
Miser, 103
Misfortune, 119
Madness, 77, 81, 133 Mish.ip, 119
Magnificent, 35
Mistress, 31
Magnitude, 95
Moderate, 'JO
,

K 3

114

;ii

Nobody, 25
None, 36
Nor, 74, 123

>Ina,;rM, 105
Moil est, 105

Modesty, 61
Money, 32, 125 rem. Not,
Sloiitli,

12, 54, 84, P2,

,'/(/., 66
100, 112, 1-22 rum., OpiMLol
at all, 66 rem., Oi.ri.lv, ,SS
122
Opihiui,,?'.), 131

41

Moon, 79
Moral, 13
More, ah:,
rem., 108
adj.,

66,

37

easily, 108

Morose, 118
Mortal, 40

rem.
Mother, 1
Mountain, 69

Jlost, 82

Much,
123

Perfect, 67

Perfume, 103
O.ilv, ,//,51

adj., 13, 102,

intlieleast,122 OiJii'.rtiine, 118

so, 82
Opportunity, 133
not the less, 66 Opulent, 65
Or, 10, 74, 82, 112
very, 122
128, 131 rem.
Noted, 4
Orange, 103
Nothing, 45,124 rem Oration, 79
at all, 124 Orator, 103

rem.

rem.
Nourishes, 129
Novelty, 113

Now,

.'iS

I'e.-t, ,S7

Pestilent, 89
Philip, 99
Pliilnsopher, 28
Pliiiosophv, 28
Pliocion, lU

Order, 125
Physic, 34
Ostrich, 31
Physician, 95
Other, 22,60
Pictni-e, 64
people's business, 86 rem.
Otherwise, 54, 82
Ought, 102 reni.,120
Our, 26, 131 rem.
iti-atus, 127
Ours, 26
il.le, 59
(Jilt of danger, 86
c^s, IIS

100, 108
,
adv., 52, 54,
Nowhere, 58
100, 112
Noxious. 30
Munificent, 89
Must, 102 rem., 120 Number, 95
Nut, 33
Mutable, 59, 118
My, 20, 87 rem., 104
0! 103
rem., 131 rem.
that! 108
Outward,^
Myself, 106
Obey, 84
Oversh.-idows, 129
Obliging, 59
Overthrows, 12*}
Ubseure, 67
Own, 20, 81, 104
Ksnvius, 127
rem.
Name, 9.5, 134 rem. Observes, 114
Occasion, 103, 133
Ox.8;j
Naples, 99
OccMipation,28 rem. Oyster, 83
Napoleon, 39
Odious,
49
Narrow, 89
Of, 42, 72 rem., 102
Nasty, 86
rem., 131 rem.
Nation, 125, 131
great renown, 98
Native soil, 87
hor.s, 131 rem.
Palw.
,99
Nature, 47
high birth, 44
Pan. \\iT
Necessary, 67, 97
his, 131 rem.
Panln-,,, .i7
Need, 103
its, 131 rem.
Parent, 25
Needful, 97
ours, 131 rem.
Part, 27, 42
Negligence, 53
voiirs, 131 rem.
Partial to, 84 rem.
Negligent, 62
Oflfeiisive, 86
Partnership, 29
Neighbour, 85
Passable, 135
Often, 12, 100
Neither, 74, 128
Oftener, 100
PasNi..n, ,S7
Neptune, 127
Passionate, 72
Oil, 134
Nero, 121
Old, 62, 89
Pa,,t, lO.S
Never, 58
age,
85
Paternal, 80
more, 82 rem.
mau, 24
Path, 11
Nevertheless, 48
woman, 24, 33 Patience, 131
New, 123
Patient, 02
Olive, 109
Kewness, 113
tree, 109
Paul, 127
News, 16
Peacf. i;:)
Omega, 125
Next, 66, 86
I'.ar, M,|. 98
Niggardly, llSrem. dmeii, 95
On fire, 114
Night, 63
loot,
107
No,36, 100,122rera
horseback, 107
Nobility, 45
Pebbh-. i:;4
Noble, 30 rem., 44 Once, 100, 108
One, 25,51,131 rem. Pelopidas, 111
5o, 88
People, 21, 86
One another, 128
filobleman, 17

Perhaps,

Perish, 101
Pernicious, 30
Prrpetual, 12:)
I'eison.lM, liarein
P(rsou:.-r,ll8r.'m
)', ispicuouslv, 8

s,

93

'K, 35,

Populace, 21
Pnpnloirs, 97
Position, 57
Poverty, 69
I'OHcr, 37, 75, 85,
119

Poweiful, 44, 97
Practice, 53,75,13;
P.a,ti^e, 93
,&5

115

ENOMSII INDKX.
Prai;iC<1,

102

I'laisowortliy, 102
I'rattle, 131
F^iecept, 1
I'rucpptor, 31
I'lecioMS, 30

IJaslilv, .S8

Slr.ni.

Kaven. 31
Read, 84, 92, 102

Shaj.e, 87

Pre-eminent, 72

Peadable, 102
lieading, 92 rem.
];cads,92
Iteadv, 80

I're-aration, 87

l;eal,"67

Trepared, 80
Preparing, 87
Present, sub., 43

Keally, 103
iieason, 53
Kebuked, 102
Receive, 101
Red, 71
Reddish, 36
Refuge, ino
Region, 63
Relentless, 55
Relieved, 101
Remains, 92

,m/,108
Presently, 108
Pressed, 123
Pretty, 22, 105
Priest, 113
Priestess, 113
Prince, 24
Princess, 24
Principal, sub., 24
.arfy., 118
Prison, 77
Private, S9
Probity, 95
J'rodigious, 97
Productive, 67
Profane, 123

Run,

101

44

55, 107

S]ie,50rem.,56rem
Sacred, 98, 123
Sad, 59
Safe, 86
Safety, 134
Sagacious, 97
Said, 114
Sailor, 103
Salubrious, 107
Salutary, 59

Same, 86
Sane, 30
Satisfied, 18

Sauce, 76
Say, 84. 114, 129
Says, 114
Remarkable, 91, 102 Saying, 131
Scanty, 89
Remedv, 34, 131
Scent, 131
Remember, 129
Scholar, 27
Remiss, 118
Renowned, 44
School-fellow, 61
rem.
Repetition, 131
Reprehensible, 102 Schoolmaster, 31
Representation, 64
rem.
Reptile, 17 rem., 83 Science, 109
I'rolific, 60
Republic, 75
Scythian, adj., 116
Prominent, 72
l;epi,tiition,113
Pronounced, 132
, sub., 116
Rescued, 129
Property, 28 rem.
rem.
Resemblance, 64
I'ropitious. 98
Sea, 19, 75
Rest, 3.% 102
Season, 33
Prosperity, 64
Restrain, 101
I'rcsperous, 86
Second, 86
Reward, 21
Secret, 118
Protects, 93
Rhea. 127
Proud, 36 rem., 89
Secure, 813
Rich, 65 rem.
l'rovii!ce, 53 rem.
Sedulous, 71
Ridiculous, 105
Prudence, 103
See, SI, 92
Prudent, 62
Right, suJ., 17, 69
Seems, 114
Public, 89
, adj., 98
executinn,fi4
hand. 125
Sege'sta, 111
I'.inisliment, 21, 64 Righteous, 18
Seized, 129
r.ipil, 27
Iting, 47
Seldom, 88
P.ae, 15
Ripe, 44
Self, 106
Rising, 109
I'urpose, 19 rem.
Self-denying, 62
River, 75, 85 rem.
Spmir!iuiis,99
l;o;ui,
Quadrnped, 133
Send, 92 rem.
Q.iMlity, 34
liubust, 71
Sensible, 72
Quarrelsome, 123
Rock, 77
Serene, 35
itoman, adj., 116
Serious, 15
Quickly*, 83
u6.,H6rem.3 Sei-pent, 83
Quiet, 89
Servant, 32
Ruof, 53, rem.
Quite, 52, 122
Serve, 84
Ruot, 109
Set at liberty, 129
Kgi:.g, 114
Setting, 109
Kai.ed, 129
Severe, 15, 68 rem.
Kap;d, 107
llov.il 89
Severity, 69
Rune, 23, 44
ICapidIv, 88
Shadow, 109
hare, 7"l
Rnrecl.23, 44
Shadv, 105
Ruin, 87
Ki-ivly.bS
Shall' be, 96

Sharp,

f.il,

90

76

lierself,

w!io, 46

Ship, 103
Shop, 57
Sliore, 93
Short, 40
Shortness, 61

Should,102rem.,120
Shout. G'J
Slum, 93
Sicilian, adj., 116
suh, lie
rem. 3
Sicily, 99
Sick, 23
Sickly, 30
Silent, 118
Silly, 62, 102
Silver, 47

Similar, 91
Simcle, 97
Since that, 74
Sincere, 104
Sinful, 4 rem.
Single, 51, 68,97
Singular, 68
Sister, 3
Site, 57
Situated, 89
Skilful, 105, 118
Skill, 85
Skirmish, 119 rem,

Sky, 41
Slave, 32
Sleep, 134
Slender, 36 rem., 91
Slightly, 88
Slim, 91
Slothful, 6.5, 91
Slow, 23, lis
Sly, 9
Small, 6, 132
Smell, 131
Smiling, 98 rem.
Snow, 63
So, 48, 54, 66, 82
100, 102, 122 rem.
128, rem.

128
great 128
much. 102
as,

as,

as,

Sober, 36
Sociable, 102
Society, 2

128

E:>GLISn INDKX.

IIG
SocratK?, 99
Soil, 53
Soft, 44

Straight, 36 rem..

That

To what

whicli, 46

yon,

The, 3 rem.
Straining, 61
Strange, 68
Strength, 75

one, the other,

128
same, S6
tretched forth, 129
very, 76
Strife, 119 rem.
Theatre, 119
Strong, 44, 89, 132
Theban, adj., US
Some, TOrem., 78,132 Struck out, 114
sub., 113
Structure, 113 rem.
one, 78
rem. 3
Study, 75, 93
Thee, 106, 115
Something, 78
Sometimes, 12
Studies, 93
Their, 87, 104 rem.
Stupid. 67
Themistoclcs, 99
Somewhat, 97
Stupidity, 133
Then, 74, 100, 112
Son, 5
Siihlime. 73, 98
Thence, 108
Song, 32
Success, 64
There, adv., 54
Soon, 100
Sugar, 7
Sootlisaver, 134
,pron., 56 rem
Tlierefore, 10, 74
Sordid, 59
Sun, 79
Supper, 103 rem.
Thick, 89
Sorrow, 57
Supplication, 64
Thief, 63
Sort, 73
Thin, 71
Sure, 49
Son I, 37
Surpassing, 72
Thine, 20
Sound, 30, 8G
Suspected, 105
Thing, 28, 118 rem.
Soup, 17
Swallow, 63
Think, 93
Sour, 107
Swan, 83
Thinks, 93
Source, 113
Sweet, 68
Third, 51
Sovereign, 37
Swift, 62, 107
Thirst, 87, 134
Sown, 89
Swiftly, 88
This, 14
Spacious, 67, 123
Syracuse, 111
Sparrow. 83
same, 76
Syracusian. adfA16 The-.;, 3Src:=,90
Spartan, 55
Speak, 84, 114,129
,w6.,116
rem. 3
Though, 48
Speaks, 114
Thought, 129
Spectre, 64
Table, 43
Thoughtless, 102
Speech, 79
Taken, 80
Threatens, 129
Spendthril't, H9
Spice, 75
Tall, 6, 36, rem. 98 Threshold, 45
Spirit, 37
Talkative, 97
Thrice, 58
Tarquin, 111
Spirited, 105
Thrift, 81
Tart, 23
Splendid, 35
Thus, 66, 82
Teach, 101
Tliy, 20, 104 rem.,
Spoke, 114
Teaclier, 31
Thyself, 106
Sport, 113
Sportive, 98 rem.
Tell, 84, 114, 129
Tiger, 113
Spring, 85
Tells, 114
Time, 77, 95, 108,
Temperate, 62, 132
Stag, 31
112
Stagnant, 65
Temple, 113
of life, 61
Stain. 33 rem.
Tender, 123
Timely, 118
Tent, 125
Stamp, 126 rera.
Timid, 60, 105
Terrible, 60
Star, 134 rem.
Timotheus, 127
Territory, 53, rem, Timothy, 1271
State, 75
Stately, 36, rem., 67 Testy, 60
Tin, 131
Than, 48, 112
Statue, 64
Tiny, 105
Thankful, 35
Steal, 92 rem
Tired, 123
Step, 32
Thankless, 35
Titus, 127
That,*;!., 14, 50
Sterile, 40
To, 120 rem.
Stem, 60
be, 84
, rel., 46
Stick, 47
aux., 102,122
ipers., 50 rem.
Still, OG
,co7,j., 74, 108,
have, 84
Stone, 77, 132 rem.
112,114 rem.
been, 84
Stormy, 86
same, 76
thee. 115
Stout, isa
Tery, 76
us, 115
Soldier, 28
Sole, 53 rem.
Solid, 89, 118
Solomon, 121
Solon, 111

end. 106
115

- day, 100
Toga, 109
Together, 132
Toil, 79

Told, 114
Tolerable, 135
Tomoriow, iOO
Tongue, 79
Too, 48, 54

much,

adv.,

54

,adj.,V2.Z

Took, 129
Tortoise, 131

Tower, 103
Town, 39
Tractable, 44
Tranquil, 98
Transaction,28reni.
Treasure, 79
Tree, 103
Trench, 113
Trivial, 73
Trojan, adj., 116
,

sub.,

116,

rem. 3
Trouble, 109

Troublesome,

44. 4;

Trey, III
True, 67, 89
Truly, 52 rem
Trust, 67, 93,
Trusfv, 89
Trustworthy, 49
Truth, 43, 85, 103
Turnns, 127
Tutor, 31 rem.
Twelfth, 51
Twice, 58

Twig, 103
Two, 60

edged, 72
footed, 05

Tyranny, 47
Tyrant, 47

Ugly, 4 rem.
Ulysses, 111
Un, 133 rem.

buried, 118
certain, 49
changeable, 59
derstand, 84
doubtedly,
f-'2

rem.

dutiful, 13
equal, 97
even, 55

favourable, 8"

117

ENGLISa INDEX.
Unfortun;ite, 80

grateful, 36

happy, 80

healthy, 30
Universe, 53
Unjust, 9
kind, 33

like. 91,97
lucky, 93
paralleled, 102
pleasant, 49
reasonable, 9
ripe, CO
seasonable, S6
seen,
skilful, 103
steady, 91
teachable, 73
58
warlike, 59
well, 23
loss, 7-1

10.)

til,

Uprifiht, 13
Us, 38, 115
Useful, 40
b'sfcless,

40

Work, 61, 79
World,41, 53 rem
Worshipful, 73
Which, 46. RO, 78
of the two, Worth reading, 102
Worthilv, 52
60
Whilst, 58. 129 rem. Worthless, 13
Worthy, 97
White, 15, 118
of blame,
AVho, 46 rem.
102 rem.
AVhoIe, 42
praise, 102
of, -12, 102
Would,
108
rem.
have been,
Wholesome. ."K), 107
AVholesomely, 88
Wholly, 52
Whose, 132
Why, 82 rem.

Whether

Villain, 61

Villany, Gt
Violence. 73
Violent, 97
Virgil, 99
Virgin, l'J5
Virtue, 31
Voice, 63
Void, 97

Voluptuous, 118
Vulgar, Si

Waits, 02
Wall, 45

Want, 104

W:

AVar, 11
AVarlike, 71

Wicked, 80
Wickedness,

104

AVarm,9

beast. 27
Wilfully, 88
Will, 104
sub., 119
mix., 129

4 rem., 91

Weakening. 91
Wealthy, &5

Wearied, 123
Weather, 41
Weight, 81

be,

A'ea, 74

i)6

Year, 33
Yellow, 67
Yes, 74, 122

Willed, 104
Willingly, S8
Wills, 104

Welcome, 130
52,86

disciplined, 60 Wilv, 105

Wind, 21
known, 44
AVine, 1
96, 1J4
West wind, 21
AVinged, 107

, I do, 122 rem.

, it is, 122
rem.
Yesterday, 100

Were,

What,

46, 73,

Writer, 25

Wife, 25, 41 rem.

Wild, 27 rem.

W.iy, 11
We, 38

Ai^ell,

&1, 109

rem.
AVide, 89

Vt\as, 96, 129

Water, 7

Weak,

no, 122
not, 112

Wants, 104

i-d,

not

or

91, rem.

Yet, 48, 54,

'i'oke, 93

AVisdom, 103

78

rem., 82 rem., 100, AVise, 66

102, 121 rem.

rem., 106, 115

Young man

AVished, 104

134,

IIU rem.

Von, 38 rem., CO

rem

24

rem.
sort of a, 73 AVithout,74, 97
AVhatever, 124 rem. AVolf, 83

AVhen, 82, 129 rem.

AVlicre, 54, 108
AVhercas, 112
AVherefore, 82
AVherever, 53
AVhether, 82 rem.,
91 rem., 112 rem.
*,'

The grammatical denomination

laries.will be

found iu

tlie

AVonian,

Wooden,

of a word,

Latin Index.

2.1,

25,

rem.
AA'onderful, 59
AA^ood, 43, 1.S2
1.32

Yours, 20, 26 rem.

131 rem.
Yourself, 106
Youth, 95
Zaleucus, 127

when

not given in the

LATIN INDEX.
The Numbers refev
Abies,
Abire,

6tis,* f. 134
v. n. 84

Ahsurdua,

a, ura,

105
Abiindat, v. n. 93
Ac. coiij. 112 rem.,
126,128
Accipere,v.act. 101
Acer, cri3, ere, 107
Acerbus, a, um, 60
Acerra, re, m. 121
Acies.ei.f. 119 rem.

Acutus,

a,

um,

55.

Adliuc, adv. 66
Admirabilis, e, 59
Admodum, adv. 54
Adversarius, ii, m.
109

Adversus, a,ura,

is,

f.ll3rem.

.^ger, gra, grum,23

.a;gritudo,dInis,f 57
./Egrotus, a, um, 30
.^gyptius, a, ura,
116

to the Exercises, not to the

i,

m.ll6 Amor,

oris,

m. 85

Amplitude,

a,

i,

Anceps, anclpltis,

121

Agger,

Eris,

m. 109

Agitiir, v. pass. 114

oe, f.

99

Agricola, , m. 103 Anglicanus,

Ahenus, a. um, 132
116
Alacer,cris,cre,107
i, m. 116
Albertns, i, m. 27
rem. 3
Albus, a, um, 15
Anglicus, a,um,116
Alcibiades, is, m.
i, m. 116,

rem. 3
Augustus,

Anima,

a,

se, f.

i,

ra.

134

Ardet, v. n. & act.

114
Argetitum, i, n. 47,
125 rem.
An-ogans,tis,ad.i.6l

Ars, artis, f. 85
..
Ascanius, ii,
m. 127
Asia, a;, f. 99
.

adj. 72
Ang'.i.a,

Pages,

Arcliitectus,

dinis,

um, 116
f. 95
m. 110
Amplius, adv. 108
rem. 3
Ampins, a, um, 67
Ager, gri, m. 29
An, adv. 82 rem.
Agesiliius, ai, m.
94 rem.
Africus,

8(

>Edificat, V. act. 93
.(Edificium, ii, n. 61

.^dis,

Afiicanus,
rem. 3

Asiniis, i, m. 31
Asper, 8ra, ?rum,2
Assiduus, a, um, 71
Astriim, i, n. 134
Astutus, a, um, ITS
AssuetHs,a,ura, 132

At, conj. llOrem.

tra, trum, SO
Atheniensis, i3,adj

um,89 Ater,
37

um, 86

Animal, alls, n. 17
116 rem. 3
Alit, v. act. 129
rem.
Atque, conj. 112,
Aliter, adv. 54
Animosus,a.um,105
126, 128, 129 rem.
Alms, a, ud, 60
Aniiuus,i,m.87rer.i. Atrox, ocis, adj 65
Anne, interro, pf.rt. Atticus, ij m. 99
Aliiis-alius, 128
AIlevabat.v.act.l29
94 rem.
Auctor, oris, c.g.25
Annulus. i, m. 47
Alniis, i, f. 103
Auctoritas,atis, f.6t
Annus, i, ni. 33.
Alter, 6ra, Cram,
Audacter, adv. 88
Alienus,

a,

m. 116 Alter-alter, 128

Ante, adv. 100

Antea, adv. 100
Antequam. adv.lOO
Antigone, os, f. 127
Antigonus, i, m. 127

Aiidax,acis, adj. 72
Audens, tis, adj. 65
AndiD,v. act.92rem.
Audlre, v. act. 84
Andis, v.act.92 rem.
ac, 128
Amare,v.act..84rem. Antiqiuia, a, um,89 Audit, v. act. 92
- atqne, 128
rem.
Aiir. aeris,acc.aiira, Amarus, a,um, 132 Antonius, ii, m. 121
Anus, 6s, f. 33
Augur, Tiris, m. 131
plu. aeres, ra. 131 Amas, v. act. 92
Apertns, a, um, 51 Aura, se, f. 79
Amat, v. act. 92
^B. icris n. 125
Apes, is, f 19
Aureus, a, um, 132
alienum,!, n.l25 Amica, se, f. 32
Amicitia, se, f. 95
Apis, is, f. 19
Aurura, i, n. 47
uGstas, atis, f. So
Amicus, a, um, 105 Apparatus,fls,m.87 Auspiciuro,ii. n.95
jEtas, atis, f. 81
Aqua, se, f. 7
i. ra. 32
Aut,conj.lOrem ,123
./Etemus, a, um,71
Autem, conj 110
Afferre, V. act. 101 Amnis. is m. or f. Arbor, oris, f. 103
Arbos, oris, f. 103
Auxiliator, oris, m.
Afflictiis, a, um, 67
75, 85 rem.
Archelaus, i, m. 121
131
Africanui,a,um,116 Amo, v act. 92
ii,

./Equahilis, e, 91

.^quae adv. S2

Altus,a,um,36 rem,
55 rem.
Amabilis, e, 91
Amans, tis, adj. 97

* Tlie abbreviation His is a contraction of ahiltSs, genitive case ofabirs, and inotes ihn* nbies is a'*"^n of the third declension. (See Declensions in Appendix.)

LATIN INDEX.

119

Career, Sris. m. 77 Communis, c, 59

Caritas, alls, f. 103 Compositus, a, um,
89
Caro, caruis, 77
Comprehendit, v.
Ave,iiiteij.l30rem. Carolus, i. m. 99
act. 129
Cartliagiiiieusis, is,
Avis, is, f. 19
Concilium, ii, n. 19
!16 rem.
Carthago, gTnis, f. Condimentum, i, u.
Bacillus, i, ni. 47
Ill
rem.
Conditio, onis, f. 131
Carus, a, um,51
Biiculum, i, n. 47
Conjunctio, onis, f.
Casa, aj, f. 134
Baculiis, i, ni. 47
95
Catalina, a;, m. 99
Ceatiis, a,uiii, 80,
Conjunctus, a, um,
Cato, onis, m. 121
132
102
Bellicosiis, a, nm,71 Causa, a>, f. 57
Conjurafns.i, m. 113
Bellua, le, f. 27 rem. Cavus, a, um, 89
Conjux, figis,c.g.41
Cedlt, v.neut. 93
Bellum, i,n.ll
Celeber, bris, bre, Contiuisitus, a, um,
Bellus, a, um, 105
107
105
Bene, adv. 52
vale, V. neiit. Celer, gris, Sre, 107 Conscientia, re, f. 95
Consecratns, a, um,
Celsus, a, um, 36
aud iuterj. 130
rem.
98
Beneficium,ii. n 64
Conservat, v. act. 93
Beneficiis,a.um,118 Cepit.v. act. 129
Consilium, ii, n. 3,
Benevoleutia, le, f. Ceres, 6ris, f. 39
19 rem.
Certe, adv. 88
109
Consitus, a, um, 69
Benignus,a, um, 55 Certus, a, um, 49
Cervus, i, m, 31
Consolatur, v. dep.
Bibere, v. act. 101
act. 129
Bipes, blpgdis, adj. Clireraes, is,or etis,
Consors, tis, c. g. 29
m. 99
65
Christus, i, m. 127
Bis, adv. 58
Constructus, a, um,
Blaudus, a, um, 118 Gibus, i,m. 33
Cicero, onis, m. Ill
Bonum, i, n. 109.
Cincimiatiis, i, m.
Consul, illis, m. 85
Bonus, a, um, 2
Coutentio,onis, f. 61
127
Bos, bOvis, c. g. 83
Cito, adv. 88
Coutentns, a, um, 18
Brennns, i, m.lll
Civis, is, c. g. 23
Con tinens,euti s,adj
Erevis, e. 40
Brevitas, atis, f. 61 Civitas, atis, f. 75
Clamor, oris, m. 69 Coquus, i, m. 53
Britannia, ae, f. 99
Corinthus, i. f. 127
Britannicus, a, um, Clarus, a, um, 55
Clemens, tis, adj. 62 Corona, je, f. 131
116
Cleopatra, k, f. 121 Corpus, Oris, n. 77
i,m. 116
Codrus, i, m. 121
Corruptus,a,um,118
rem. 3
Corvus, i, m. 31
Ccelnm, i, n. 41
Britaunus, a, um,
Coma, ie,f. 103 rem. Cras, adv. 100
116
Cognoscere, v. act. C'rassus, a, um, 89
i,m. 116
101
Credere, v. act. and
rem. 3
neut. 84
Coliibere,v. act. 101
Brito, tonis, m. 99
Araritia,

Avanis,

so, f.

53

m. 103,
a, um, 105
i,

C'olis, v. act.

um, 123
m. lU

Ca!cu3,

a,

Daisar,

flris,

and

neut. 93
Colit, v. act.

and

neut. 93
Calidns, a, um, 9
Colo, V. act. and
Callidus, a, um, 9
neut. 93
Caluniuia, a?, f. 69
Color,
oris, m. 63
Carapester, tris,tre,
Comedit, v. act. 114
107.
Campus, i, m. 113 Conies, Ctis, c. g. 61

rem.
Caiididus,a,um,118
is, c. g. 25
Comitatur, v. dep.
Cantus (is, ra. 32

Canis,

Capitalis,

e,

91

Captus, a, um, 80
Caput, Itis, 113

act. 129

Commendatio,
f.

131

jnis.

C'redis, v. act.

and

neut. 93
Credit, v. act. aw'

Cunctiis, a, utn, 43
Cupiditas.atis, f. 87

Cur, adv. 82
Curia, SB, f. 95
Curius, ii, m. 127
Currere, v. n. 101
Curvus, a, um, 51
Cygnus, 1, m. 83
Cynegirus, i, m,
127

Cyprus, 1, f. Ill
Cyrus, i, m. 111
Damocles,is, ra. 121
Dare, v. act. 101
Darius, i, m. 127
act. 93
Dat, V. act. 93

Das, V.

Datames, is, m. 121

Dea, ae, f. 39
Debeo, v. act. and
neut. 120

Debes,

and

v. act.

neut. 120
Debet, v. act. and
neut. 120

December,

bri.5,

Deceptio, onis,
125
Dt'ceptus, a,

m.
f.

um,

105
Dedit, V. act. 129
Defensor, oris, ni.
103
Definitio, buiiJ,

f.

103

Deinde, adv. 66
Delectat, v. act. 93
Delectus, a, um, 105
Delphinus,i, m. 134
Dementia, se, f. 133

Demosthenes,

is,

m.

121

Densus, a, ura, 89
Deses, Idi.s, adj. 65
Deus, i, c. g. 25
Dexter, tra, trum,
ortBra, tCrum,93
Dextra, re, f. 125
Die, V. act. 129

Credo, v. act. and

neut. 93
Credulus, a, um,89 Dicere, v. act. 64
Crimen, Inis, n. 69 Dicis, V. act. 114
Croesus, i, ra. Ill
Dicit, v.act. 114
Crudelis, e, 40
Dicitur,v. pass. 114
Cuius, a, um, 132
Dico, v. act. 114
Cnle.K, Ici.s, m. 131
Dictator, oris, m. 61
Culpa, X, f. 69
Dictum, i, n. 131
Cum, adv. 82, 129
Dias, ui, m. or {. 79
rem,
Difficilis, e, 44

120

LATIN INDKX.
Elecfnim,

i, n. 57
Exul, (llis, c. g. 57
KlegaiiB, tis, ailj.07
Elepliantiis, i, iii.KJ Facics, ei, f. 133
Elicitur, v.pass. 114 Facile, adv. 88
Diligens, tis,adj.6'3 EIoqiieiis,tis,ailj.07 Facilis.e, 44
Facilius, adv. 108
Piligentia, se, f. 53 Enirn, conj. 74

DifiBcultas, atis,

119
Digitus,

I,

ra.

f.

113

Dilatio, Ouis, f.81

FrigiduB,

a,

um,9

Frigiis, Oris, n. US
tis, m. or f.

Frons,
69

Fnictuosu.s,

a, mil.

67

tp,ra. Facundus, a, iim,80 Fuga, se, f. 41

rem.
Falsus, a, urn, 132 Fugax, acis, adj. r,S
99
Fugitivus, i, m. 90
Diogenes, is, m. Ill Epliesius,a,Hiii,116 Faraa, a3, f. 113

Diligere, v. act. 84 Epaminondas,

DionyBius,ii,m. 121
i. m. IIG
DiruB.a, um, 123
rem. 3
Epistola, ae, f. 8.5
Dis.Ditis, m. 121
Discere, V. act. 101 Eque.ster, tris, tre,
Disciplina, a>, f. 95
107
militaris, Equus, i, m. 16
i. 133
Eram, v. sub. 96
Discipula, aj.f. 27
Eras, v. sub. 96
Discipulus.i, m. 27 Erat, v.sub. 96
Dishimili, e, 91
Ergo, cuuj. 10
Diu, adv. 100
Kris, v. sub. 96
Diutius, adv. 100
Erit, v. sub.9G
IJives, Itis, adj. 65 Fro, v. sub. 96
Diviuus, a, um, 71 Errare, v.ueut.lOl
Dixi, V. act. 114
Es, v. sub. 90
DixistI, V act, 114 Esse, v. sub. 84
Dixit, V. act. 114
Essem, v. sub. 124
Do, V act. 93
Esses, v. sub. 124
Docere, y. a4M. 101
Esset. v. sub. 124
Est, v. sub. 8, 44
Docilis, e, 73
Doctrina, m, f. 103
rem., 04 rem., 56
Doctus, a, ura, 36
70,90
Dolor, oris, m. 95
Esto, v. sub. 84
Domina, m, f. 31
Et, conj. 10, 126 rem.
Dominus, i, m. 17
Et-et, conj. 128
Domus.fta, ori, f.34 Etiam, couj. 4S
Donum, i, n.43
adv. 122
Dubius, a, um, 132 Etiamsi, conj. 48
Eugenia, re, f. 39
Dulcis, 0, 68
Dum, adv. 58, 129 Europa, se, {. 99

rem.
Duodecimus,

Excellen.s,
a,

iim,

tis, adj.

97

Excelsus, a, um,
a, nm, 15
36 rem.
i,m. 118 rem. Exceptio, onis, f. C9
Dux, dflci.s, c. g. 87 Exeiuplum.i, n. 11
Exercitatio, onis, f.
Ea ff. of is), 50rem.
53
Eadem (f. of idem), Exiguus, a, nm, 132
Exilium, ii, n. 57
86
Ebriositas,atis, f.63 Kximius, a, um, 102
Exitium, ii, n. 134
i:bur, Cris, n. 109
51

Durus,

Edax,

ucis, adj. 72
Edere, v. act. 101
Editus, a, ura, 132

Expectatus,
118

a,

um,

Fames, is, f, 43
Fui, v. sub. 9ij
Familiaria.is.m. 87 Fiiisse, v. sub. 84
Famulus,

i,

Fanuni,

n.

i,

m.

i:;i

li:!

Februarius,ii, m.

Fecundus,

5.3

Fiiissein, v.sul). 121

Fuissi'S, v. sub. 124

Fuissnt,

sub. 124

v.

uui, 60 Fnisti, v. sub. 9G

Felicitas, atis, f. 61 Fuit, v. sub. 9G
Felis, is, f. 131
Fulraen, mis, n. 125
Felix, icis, adj. 80
Fur, furis, c. g G3
Fera, se, f. 27
Furit, v, neut. 114
a,

Fere, adv. 66
Fcrox, ocls, adj 65
Ferreus, a, um, 132
.

Ferrum,

i,

n.

Fertilis, e,

40

FesBUB,
Festus,

a,
a,

47

um, 123
um, 118

Fidelis, e, 59
Fideliter, adv. 88

Fides, ei, f. 87
Fidus, a, um, 69
Filia, b, f. 5
Fiiius, ii, m. 5
Finis, m. or f 45

Firmus,

a,

um,

.;V

Flavus,

a,

um,

!:7

m.

1;)

Flos,

fiori.s,

Fliunen, luis,

u.

Furor, oris, m. 77
um, 132

I'uturus, a,

Oallicus, a, um, UG
Callus, i, ui. 103
Oarrulitas, ati, f.

rem.

85

rem.
Fluvius, ii, m. 65
Fluxus, a, um, 113
Fcecundus.a, um,80
Feed us, a, um, 123
Folium, ii, n. 119
Fons, tis, m. 113
Fcuma, se, f. 87
Formidolosus,a,uni,
60
Formica, a;, f. 79
Formosus,a,um, 105
Fortasse, adv. 58
Fortis, e, 44
Fortuna, je, f. 57

131

Gaiidium.

ii,

n.

28

Oeuer.isus, a, um,
15, Ho rem.
Geus, tis, I. 125
liumana, f. 125
Genus, eris, n. 81

Geometria,

aa,

Germanus,

a,

f.

109

um,

116
i,

m. 116

rem. 3

um,
m. 57

Cilaiicus, a,
c:

L.bpis,

i,

123

tiraeilis, e, 91

Giadus,

32
Gra'cus, a,um, 116
i,
m. 116
fis, ra.

rem.
Inis, n. 16
Grandis, e, 98
Gratus, a, um, 35
98 lem.
Gravis, e, 68
Gubernalor, ori.s,

Gramen,

la.

119

Ilaboo, v. act. 92
Habere, v. act 84
Jlabes, v.act.92
] abet, y. act. 92
Habuisse, v.act.8<
Habuit, v. act. 129

Expers, tis, adj. 97 Fortuiiatus, a, um,

118
Educatio,diiis,f.ll3 Fxpertus,a,um, 118
Egestas, atis, f. 119 Expetendus.a, um. Forum, i, n. 119
Fragilis, e, 73
102
F.go, pron. .38
Exsul, Blis, c. g. 57 Frater, tris, m. 3
Egregie, adv. 88
Hiec ({eta.ot hie),
Egregius,a,um, 132 ExteruB, a, um, 89 Fraxinus, i. f. 113
Bhodum, interj.130 Extulit, T. act. 129 Fiequeus,tis.adj.97 14
I

;dkx.

LAI
Hannibal,

&Iis,

Imitatur, v. dep.
act. 129

127

Immensus, a, um,71 Instabilis, e, 91

Immodicus, a, um, Instiuctus, Us, m.

121

Harmodius,

ii,

;2i

m.

Huiul, adv. 100

Insania,^,

f.

SI

Laboriosus.

a,

um,

Jusi^uis, e, 91

Lac, lactis,Ti.l34
Lacedaimonius, a,

32
um 55
132
122
Immortalis, e, 40
Insula, ae, f. 39
Laiua, X, f. 109
Immutabilis, e, 59 Insulanus, i, m. 125 Laisus, a, um, 18
llbes, 6tis, 97
Ill
Imo,
Lcetus,
Hebrus, i. m.
conj. 74, adv.
Intelligere, v. act.
a, um, 98
Here, adv. 100
122
Lapideus, a,um,132
84
Heri, adv. 100
certe, adv. 122 Inteniperans, lis,
lem.
Herodotus, i. m. 127
etiam, adv. 122
adj. 62
LapiUus, i, m. 134
lieu, iuterj. 130
Impar, aris, adj. 97 Interdum, adv. 12 Lapis, idis, m. 77
Hibernia, ai, (. 99
Impedire, v^act. 101 Inutilis, e, 40
Latebra, brse, f. 43
Hie, hsec, hoc, 14
Imperator, oris, m. lnvidiosus,a, um,
Latet, V. neut. 114
adv. 54
37
49 rem.
Latinus, a, um, 116
Ilic-ille, 128
Iniperiosus, a, um, Invidus, a, um, 49 Latro, latrunis, m,
Hiccine? adv. 100
Invisus, a, um, 105
89
Uierosolyma, as, f. Imperitus, a, um, Iphicrates, is, m.
um, 89
Ill
105
111
lus, a, im
Hilaris, e, 98 rem.
Imperiurn, ii, n. 37 Ipsa (fem. of ipsa),
102
Uipparcluis, i, m. Impietas.atis, f. 125
Laus, laudis, f. 21
76
127
Implurais, e, 73
Ipse, ipsa, ipsum,
l.esena, ae, f. 83
Hii-undo, dtnis, f. 83 Improbiis, a, um, 13
76, 104 rem.
Logatus, i, m. 29
I listeria, 03, f. 69
Iniprudens, tis, adj. Ipsum (a. of ipse),
Legeudus,a,um, 102
Hoc(fem.ofliic),14
97
76
Le,rere, v. act. 84
Hodie, adv. 100
Impudenter, adv.S8 Ira, le, f. 81
Ley is, V. act. 92
Hodiernus, a, um,
Incautus, a, um, 89 Iracundus, a, um,
Legiv, V. act. 92
105
Incertus, a, um, 49
Lego, V. act. 92
60
Homerns, i, m. 99 Inclytus, a, um, 98 Is, ea, id, 50 rem., Lenis, e, 59
Homo, fnis, e.g. 24, Incnria, , f. 53
121 rem.
Lenitas, atis, f. C9
25 rem.
Inde, adv. 108
Ita, adv. 82, 123
Leo, leonis, m. 83
Honestus, a, um, 18 Indicus, a, um, 116
est, 122 rem.
Lepu.'i, Oris, m. 83
Honor, oris, m. 109
i,m. 116 rem. 3
vero, 122
Levis, e, 73
Honoratus, a, um, Indies, adv. 100
Leviter, adv. 88
118
Indocilis, e, 73.
Le.\-, Ifcgis, f. 63
Tfonos, oris, m. 109 Industrius, a, um,9
Libt-nter, adv. 83
Hi.ra,a>, f. 95
liicptns, a, um, 102
Libir, bri, m. 16
ium, i, n. 109 Inertia, a;, f. 81
I-iher, era, erum,23
Jam, adv. 103
ilortus.
Infamis, e, 91
43
Janitor, oris, m. 61 l.iberalis, e, 59
lliistis, IS, c. g. 77
Infelix, icis. adj. 80 Janua, se, f. 125
Liberalitas, atis, f.
Hiuiianus, a, um, 15 Iniirmus, a, um, 71 Jucundus, a,
119
l!uniidiis,a,um,123 Infortuuium, ii, u.
98 rem.
Liberavit,v.act.l29
lliimilis, e, 73
119
Judex, Icis, e.g. 41 l.ibercadv. 88
Hyaciutluis, i, m.57 Ingenium, ii. n. 133 Judicium, ii, n. 25 Libertas,atis, f.ll3
Ingens, tis, adj. 97 Jungo, v. act. 93
l.ibidiuose,adv. 88
Il,i, adv. 54
Ir.gloriu.s,a,um,123 Juno, bnis, f. 121
Libidiaosus, a, um,
III (ueut. of is), 50
Ingratus, a, um, 35 Jupiter, JOvis, m.
Idem, eadem, idem, inluimatus, a, um,
121
Ligneiis, a, um, 132
86
1 18
Jurgiosus, a, am,
Lignum, i, n. 43
li'itur, conj. 74
Inimicitia, x, f. 95
123
Limen, fnis, n.45
Iguarus, a, um, 105 Inimicus, a,um, 105 Jus, jilris, n. 17
Limes, itis, f. 45
Ula(fem.ofilla),14
,m.77
Justitia, ffi. f. 119
Linea, e, f. 69
Hie, ilia, iUud, 14, Iniquus, a, urn, 55
Justus, a, nm, 9
Lingua, a;, f. 79
50 rem., 128
Initium, ii, n. 81
Juveni.s,is, c.g.24 Litera, , f. 131
Jlliberalis, e, 59
Injuria,, f. 125
Juventas, atis, f. 95 Littera, se, f. 131
Illiid (neut. of ille), lujustus, a, um, 9
rem.
14
Innocens, tis, adj.
Juventn, a;, f. 95
Lociiples, ctia, RdJ.
Hlustri!?, e, 91
97
Juventus, utis, f. 95
65
IiiibeciUis, e, 91
Inquinatus, a, um,
Locu.i, i, m. 11
Imitatio, ouis, f. 134
Labor, oris, m. 79
Lop.dinum, i, n. U9
1

aiidquiquam,adv.

122

t.VTIN IXDEX.

Longe, adv. 52

Merito, adv. 88

Napoleon, Dnis, 30

Lfinfjus, a, um, 6
Lofiiiax, ucis, adj.

Metallum, i, n. 47
Mens, a, um, 20,

Natura,

97

Lucrum,

i,

LuJus, i,
Luna, B,
Lupus, i,

f.

n. 119

113
79
83
f. 63
Luxuriose, adv. 63
Lydlus, a, um, 116
ra.

Lu.\, IQcis,

101 rem., 131

Mihi, prou. 115,
131 rem.
Mile.s, Itis, m. 2,3
Milit.iris, e,91
Miltiade.s,is, m. Ill

Minatur,
129
Minirae, ad

p. act.

66

122
re
rem.,

gentium, adv.

Nalin, onis,

Navis,

Ne

is,

f.

No3, pron. 88
Noster, tra, tnim,
26, 131 rem.
Notiis, a, um, 123
Novitas,!ltis, f. 113

Novus,

103

um, 123

a,

interrog. part. Nox, noctis,

94

Noxius,

adv. 100
112 rem
Neapolis, is, f. 91
Nee, conj. 74, 12t
Necesaarius, a, u
67
Nefarius, a, nra, SO

rem.
Magister, tri,
Magistra, s, f. 31

Mitasceie, v. neut.

Num ?

63

f.

ura,30

a,

um,

Niillus, a,

cimj.

vero, adv. 122 Negligens,

Minus, adv. 66
62

122

131
47

um, 132
Nauta, s^, m. 103

se, f. 45
Maceiies, ei, f. 45
Machinalis, e, 91
Magis, adv. 66, 82

Macei-ia,

f.

se, f.

Natiis, a,

3-5

interrog.

part. 94

Numen. Inis, n. 109

Numerus, i, m. 9j
m.lJ5

Ni

rem.
Nunc, adv. 100
Miser,
6ra, Crura, 22 Negligentia, ae, f. 53 Nu iquam, adv.
"'
Neffotiosus, a, um, Nuntius, ii, in. 1
m. 31 Miserabilia, e, '

101
6, 98
Mitis,
Majestas, atis, f.

18

Negotium,

Magnus, a, um,

e,

lis, adj.

ii,

n.

28

Nu.^
Nux;uflc;is,

5.^
f.

63

44

Moderatus a,um, 60 Nemo, Inis,

119
Male, adv. 52

0, interj. 130
c. g. 25
minus, adv.122 Obitus, Cls, m. 109
NemuB, 5ris, n. 134 Obscunis, a, uiu, 67
Malum, i,n. 103, 109
105
Nepos, Otis, m. 119 Observat, v.act. 114
Malus,a, um, 4 reui. Modo, adv. 66
Moenia,um,o;orura, Neptunus, i, m. 127 Obumbrat, v. act
Blanet, V. neut. 92
n. plu. 45rem.
Nequiquam, adv.
Mauus, fla, f. 85
129
122
Marcellus, i, m. Ill Molestia, se, f. 109
Occasio, onis, f. 131
Mulestus, a, um, 4! Neque, conj.74,128 Oecultus
larcus, i, m. 121
Moueo, V. act. 93
Nero, onis, m. 121
Mare, is, n. 19
Od
xritimus, a, um.
Moneta, se, f. 125
Kescio, V.
Nescio,
v. neut. 92
Officium, ii, n. 134
Officiuii
1.32
Monitor, oris, ra. 27 Nescire, v neut. 84 Oh, interj. 130
Mon.s, tia, m.
Nescis, V,
Maritus, ,m.41
Olea,
Mora, se, f. 81
Nescit, V. neut. 92
rem.
Oleum, i,n. 131
Moratur, v. dej .act. Nexus, a, um, 132
Mater, tris, f. 1
Olim, adv. 1U8

Modestus,

a,

um,

Maxime, adv. 66

iger, gra,

Ble, prou. 106

Medicamentum,

1,

n.34
Medicina, se, f. 34
Medicus, i, m. 95
Mediocris,

135
um, 102
e,

Medius, a,
Megara, se, f. lU
Mel, mellis, n. IS
Melior, us, 73

a,um,116
Mer
Melius, adv. 54

Memento,

v. act.

&

neut. 129

Mendacium,ii,n. 63

Mendax,

acis, adj.

65

MendlcMS.

Mens, tis,
Meusa, 86,
Mensis,

i,

f
f.

m. 134
95
43

is, ni.

41

Mercator.cria, m.l9
Merces, Wis, f. 21

Morbus, i,m. 134

Mori, V. dep. neut.

iliil,

1-Jl

II.

grum,22 Omega, n. iudec.125

Omuino, adv. 52
Omuis,e, 42, 118

indec. 45,

rem.

101
Niliilominus, ad\
Morosus, a, um, 118
122
Mors, mortis, f. 21
Nil, n. indec. 45
Mortalis, e, 40
Nimis, adv. 54
Mortuus,a, um,89 Nimium, adv. 54
Mox, adv. 100
Nimius,
123
Miilier,Sris, 25
Nisi, conj
Multo, adv. 52
Nix, nivis, f. 63
Multus, a, urn, 13
Nobilis, e, 44
Muudu.s, i, m. 41
Nobilitas, atis, f. 45
Munificentia, se, f.
Nobis, prou. 115,
109
131 rem.
Munificus, a, ir.n,5
Nocens, tis, adj. 97
Murus.i, m. 45rem. Nomen, Inis, n. 93
Miitatus, a, um, 118 Non, adv. 12, 122,
Mutus, a, um, 118
133 rem.
Nondum, adv. 54
Nsevius, ii, m. 127 Koiine? interrog.
Nam, conj. 74
part. 94
Piuterrog.part. NonuuUus, a, um,
134 rem.,
132

Onus,

grjs. n. 134

Opinio, ouis, f. 131

Oppidum, i. U.39

Opportuuus,
J

a,

um,

18

Opulens.tis, adj. 65
Opus, 6ris, n. 79
adj. indec. 97
Oratio, onis, f Til
Orator, oris, in. 103

Ordo, dinis, m. rj5

Oriens, tis, m. 134
Ortus, &s, m. 109
Ostrea, se, f. S3
Otiosus,

Otium,

a.

ii.

um,
n.

33

lATIX INDEX,
PljeopollB,is,

Palatium,

f.

99

Parvulus,

Parvum,

a,

i,

n.

41

Perpetuo, adv. 8
Perpetuus, a, u; Q,
i

Prffilium,

123
119

n.

ii,

Praesidium,

77
1-23
Pahister, tiis, tre,
Prajstabat, v. neut.
Perspicue, adv. 88
& act. 129
Pan, Panos, m. 127 Perteiritus, a, i m, Praestans,tis,adj.72
Prtetor, oris, ni. 95
Panis, is, m. 7
105
Par, p2ris, adj. 97
Pestiferas,a,iin ,89 Pravus, a, um, 118
Paratus, a, um, 80
Pestis, is, f. 87
Premit, v.act. 114
Pressus, a, um, 123
Parens, tis, c. g. 25 Petit, v. act. 93
Paries, Etis, m.45
Pliilippus, i, m. 99 Pretiosus, a, um,30
Pars, tis, f. 27
Pliilosophia, a;, f. 2: Priuium, adv. 66
Parsimonia, se, f. 81 Pliilosophus, i, ni.
Primus, a, um, 51
Parum, adv. 66
Priuceps, fpis, c. g.
23
ii,

um.lOc Pbocion, onis, m.

n. 109

111

ii.

24
Principium,

n.

Qiiam maxime,adv.
48, 129 Tt-m.

Qnamquam,ccn).48
Quamvis, couj. 112
Qu^ndo, adv.'82

Quantum, adv. 100

Quantus, a, um, 102,
128. 129 rem.
Quare, adv. 82
Que, conj. 126
Qui, qua;, quod, 46
Qui, adv. 82
Quia, couj. 74
Quicquam,

ii.

n.

n.

iudec

rem.

45, 124

rem.
Parvus, a, um, 6
Passer, fris, m. 83

Pietas, atis, f. 131

119
Quid(neut. of quis),
Piger, gr.i, grum, 23 Privatus, a, um, 89
78
Pignus, Oris or ris, Probitas, atis, f 95
adv. 82 rem.
Pater, tris, m. 1
n. 125
Probus, a, um, 13
Quidem, adv. 52
Paternus, a, um, 8C Pinus, i, or ts, f. 113 Procerus, a, um, 36
rem.
Patet, v.iieut. 114
I'isistratus,i,m.l27
rem.
Quiduam, adv. 134
Patiens, eutis, adj. Pius, a, um, 71
Procul, adv. 100
Quin, C3nj. 112
62
I'laga, 86, f. 33
Prodere, v. act. 101 Quis, qiije or qua,
Patientia, se, f. 131 Plane, adv. 88
Proelium, ii, n. 119
quid or quod, 78
P;itria, a;, f. 87
Plato, onis, m. 121 Profanus,a, um, 123 Quisuam, quieuam,
Paulo, adv. 97
I'lenus, a, um, 123
Profundus, a, um,55
quidu;im, 134rem.
adj. indec. 97
Plerumque, adv. 12 Profusus, a,um, 123 Quod (ueut. of qui).
Paulus, i,
Plus, adv. 82
Prouus, a, um, 76
46
Pauper, 6ris, adj. 65
pluris, odj., plu. Protegit, v. act. 9J
(neut. of quis),
Puupertas, atis, f.
plQies, pluria, or Prudeus, tis, adj. 6!
78
Pnidentia, a;, f. lO;
conj. 112, 114
69
plura, 97
Pavo, onis,c.g. 83 Poema, Stis, n. 113 Publicus, a, um, 89
rem.
Pa.\, pacis, f. 63
Poena, te, f. 21
Pudor, oris, m. 61
Quondam, adv. 103
Pectus, Oris, n. 131 Poiita, te, m. 61
Puella, , f. 1
Quoniam, conj. 74
Pecunia, se, f. 32,
Pomum, i, n. 103
Puer, 6ri, m. 1
Quoqne, conj. 48
Pugua,8e, f.ll9rem. Quorsum, adv. 100
125 rem.
rem.
Pedester, tris, tre, Pondus, 6r!S, n. 81 Pugnax, acis, adj. Quot, plu. indce.
62
Popilius, ii, n. Ill
129 rem.
Pelopidas, m,
Pulcher,
Qiiotidie, adv. 100
111 Populus, i
chra,
chruni, 22
Quoties, adv. 100
I'ene, adv. 88
,i, f. 21
Per (afiix), 123 rem. Porrigebat, v. act. Pulchritudo, dinis, Quotus, a, um, 102
Quum, adv. 82, 129
Peramplus, a, um,
129
f. 95
Pulvis, is, or Eris,
rem.
123
Positio, onis, f. 57
m. or f. 95
maxime, adv.
Perantiquus, a, um. Possum, v. neut. 120
Purus, a, um, 13
62 rem.
123
Posthac, adv. 108
Putas, v. act. 93
Pcrdidi, v. act. 129 Posthiec, adv. 108
plurimum,
adv. 82 rem.
Perditus, a, um, 123 Postquam, adv. 100 Putat, v. act. 93
I'erennis, e, 68
Potens, tis, adj. 97 Putavit, v. act. 129
Puto, v. act. 93
Perfectus, a, um, 67 Potes, v. neut. 120
Radix, icis, f. 109
Perfugium,ii,n.l09 Potest, v. neut. 120
Ramus, i, m. 119
Periclum, i, u. 103 Potestas, atis, f. 119
Potus, Os, m. 33
Qua (f. of quis), 78 Raro, adv. 88
rem.
Rarus, a, um, 71
Periculosus,a,um,51 Prse (affi.t), 123 rem. Quadrupes, pi-dis,
Ratio, onis, f. 53
m. 133
Periculum, i, n. 103 Prseceptor, oris, m.
Rector, oris, m. 131
Quse ({. of qui), 46
Perindulgeus, tis,
31
Rectum, i, n. 69
Proeceptum, i, n. 1
(f. of quis), 78
adj. 123
Rectus, a, um, 93
Qualis, e, 73, 128,
Perire, v. neut. 101 Praecipuus, a, um,
~
Regina,
129 rem.
se, f.
Pe:itus, a, cm,105
118

Quam, conj. adv. Regio, ooia, f. 63~

PenuagnuB, a, nm, Prseclarus a, nm,
Kegius, a, um,
123
48, 123, 12<1 rem.
183

&

124

LATIN IXDKX.

Roliquit, V. net. 129 Scribere, v.act.lOl Sin, conj. 112

Syracusamis,,
l;i;liqmi8,a, urn, 102 Scriljis, v net. 117
Siiiceiiis, a, uni, 10
Keraediura.ii.n 131 Scribit, v. act. 117
Singiiluris, e, 68
liemissus,a,nm,118 Scribo, v. act. 117
Sinister, tra, tnira,
1.3
Kepetitio, ouis, f.
Scripsi, v.act. 117
131
Scripsisti, v. act.
Sinistra, se, f. 1
Tabenia, a>, f. 37
'
Res, 2i, f. 28rem.
117
lis, is, f. 134
Taheriiaculiiui, i, n.
mllltaris, e, 133 Scripsit,
17 Situs, a, ura,89
125
Kospublica, iSipub- Scriptum, i, ii. Hi
Subrius, a, um, 36
Talis, e, 73, 12S
Ucse, f. 75
Scriptus, a, mil, 51 .'v)eiet;is, atis, f. 29 Tain, adv. .54, 123
Reticens,tis,adj.97 Scurra, a?, c. g. l-'5 S^icius, ii,m. 61 rem. Tanien, conj. 48
Suciates, is, m. 99 Tandem, adv. 66
Kex, regis, in. 19
Scytha, se,
11(J
Kiiea, a;, f. 137
rem. 3
Sodalis, is, c. g. 61 Tuntnm, adv. 66
Itipa, se, f. 95
Scythes, is, m. 116
rem.
Tantus, a, um, 102,
Sol, sSlis, 79
Robustus, a, iim, 71
rem. 3
128
Rogo, V. act. 93
Scytliicus, a, urn,
Solatium, ii, n. 109 Tardus, a, um, 118
Roma, SB, f. 39
116
Solatur, V. dep.act. Tarqiiiuius, a, um,
Ronianus,a, nm, lie
129
i, m. 116
m.lU
Solidus, a, um, 118 Te, pron. 106
-i, m. 116
rem. 3
Se, pron. 1C6
holomon, onis,
rem. 3
Tellii.s, Oris, f. 53
Rosa, IB, f. 113
Secuudus, a, lira, 86
121 _
Temere, adv. 8S
Kotundus, a, um,67 Seciis, adv. 82
Solon, onis. 111
Teiuperans, tis,adj.
Ruber, bra, bru m, .Sed, conj. 10, 110
Solum, i, n. 53 re
62
Sediihis, a, um, 71
, adv. 66
Temperatus, a, um,
Seges, 6tis, f. 95
Solus, a, um, 51
132
3
Segesta, aj. f. lU
Somnus, i, m. 13Temperies, ei, f. 3.'?
Seguis, e, 91
Soror, oris, f. 3
Templum, i, n.113
1. 7
ei,f.47
Teinpus, Oris. n. 75
:.g. Semel, adv.l08rem.
Serairamis, fdis, f. Splendidu
113
a, um, Teuer, 6ra,
Sacrus, a, um, 123
So
123
Sponda,
Ter, adv. 58
Saepe, adv. 12
Semper, adv. 12
f. 16
Seuectiis, utis, f. 85 Stagua
Tena, a;, f. 53 rem.
S;opius, adv. 12
tis, adj.
Tertius,
Sa;vus,a, um, 119
Senex, is, or lois,
65
a, um, 51
Stannum, i,
Testis, is, c. g. 25
Sagax, acis, adj. 97
e.g. 24
31
Statim, adv. 108
Testa Jo, diais, f.
Sagitta, as, f. 131
adj. 62
Saltus,Qs,o;-i, ra.U Sententia, sB, f. 79
Stt;rilis,e, 40
131
Saliiber, bris, bre,
Serenus, a, um, 35
Stieniuis.a, ur 132 Teter, tra, trum, ?6
Sermo, onis, m. 119 Strutliiocamel
Thcatriim, i, n. 119
107
i,
Serpens, tis, c. g. 83
Salubriter, act. 85
ra. 31
Tliebanus,
um.
Salus, utis, f. 134
Serva, , f. 32
Studium, ii, n. 75
116
Salutaris, e, 59
Servire, v. neut. 81 Stultum, i, n. 09
i, m. 116
Salve, verb Winter. Servitus, utis, f. 123
rem.
rem. 3
Stultus, a, ura 67
130 rem.
Servus, i, ra. 32
Themistocles, is, m.
Salvus.a, um, 86
Severitaa, ati.s, f.89
i, m. 109 rem.
99
Sanctus, a, um, 105 Severus, a, um, 15, Suavis, e, 68
Tlicsaunis,!, m. 79
Sublimis, e, 73
Tibi, prou. 115, 11
Sanus, a, um, 30
68 rem.
adj. 72 Si, conj. ]0
Sapientia, se, f.
-non, conj, 112rem.
129
Tigris, is, or idis, f.
Sat, adv. 58
ic, adv.66, 128
Sulcus, i, m. 85
113
Satin, adv. 94 rem.
icilia, a;, f. 99
Sum, V. sub 90
Satis, adv. 58
Siiperb'is, a, mn,
Saxum, i, n. 77
Suppliciiiii,,ii,n.64 Titus, i, m. 127
no'
Suspectiis, a, uia,
Scamnum, i, n. 5
Toga, a;, f. Iu9
i, m. 116
rem. 3
103
Totiis, a, um,42
Scelestus, a, um, 80
Scelus, Sri.i, n. 61
ig.mm, i, n. 64
Suus, a, um, 20, 131 Tradum, v. act. 1?9
Scientia, a?, f. 109
imilis, e,91
rem.
TranquiUus,a, um,
Scio, V. act. 92
implex, Icis, adj. Sylvester, tris, tre,
98
Scire, v.act. 84
107
Tristi8,e, 59
Scis, V. act. 92
Syracusse, arum, f. Troja, te, f. 1 1
Beit, T. act. 92
pIu.lU
'i'r!>niw,a,um.U6
I

125

tATIX INDKX.
trojumis,
rem. 3

Tu,

m, IIG Valetudo,
113

i.

Validus,

88

iiron.

TuUiis, i. ra. 127

Turn, conj. 112
Tunc, adv. 100
Tiivims, i.m.l27
Turpis, c, 44

Turpitudo, dlnis.

Ubi, adv. 51

Ubicunque, adv. 58

Ubinam 1

adv. 134
Ubique, adv. 58
Ulysses, is, m. Ill
Umbra, 33, f. 109

Umbrosus,

a, urn,

105

Unguentum,
103
Unicus,

i,

n.

um, 51
um, 42
Unquiim,adv.o8
Unns, a, um, 51
Urbanus, a, um, 135
a,

Univei'sus,a,

Urbs, urbis, f.39

Usquam, adv. 58
Ut, conj. 74, 129

rem.
Uter, tra, trum, CO
Utilis, e,40

Utiuam.adv. 108
Utpote, adv. 54
Utrum, adv. 82
Uva, ae, f. 103
Uxor, oris, f. 41

Valde, adv. 54
'*ale, V.

and

30 rem.

interj.

Vallis,

dlnis,

Vesta'iis, e,

68

Vester, tra, trura,

a,

is,

f.

f.

um,

1.32

113

Vallum, i, n. 113
Ve, couj. 74

26, 131 rem.

Vestis, i?,_f. 77
Vetustas, atis, 109
Via, a;,f.

Vecors, dis, adj. 62 Vicirnis, i, m. 83

Vectigal, alls, n.81 Vicissitudo, dlnis,
f. 125
Vehemens, tis, adj.
Victoria, se, f. 27
72
Victus, a, um, 67
Vel, conj. 10,74
Video, V. act. 92
Velociter adv. 83
Velo.\, ocis, ad). 62 Videre, v. act. 81
Vides, V. act. 92
Velum, i, n. 134
Videt, v.act.92
Venerabilis, e, 73
Videtur, v. pass. &
Veneticus, a, um,
impers. 114
UG
Vilis, e 91
Veni, V. neut. 114
Villa, a;, f. 131
Veuia, x, f. 57
Venio, v, neut. 114 Vinclum, i, n. 103
rem.
Venis, v. neut. 114
Vinctus, a, um, 118
Venisti, v. neut.
Vinculum, i, n. 103
114
Venit, V. neut. 114 Vinum, i, n. 1
Violens, ti3,adj. 97
Ventus, i, m. 21
Venustus, a, ura,49 Vir, viri, m. 25
Virga, a;, f. 103
Ver, vuris, n. 85
Virgilius, ii,m.99
Verbura, i, n. 77
Virgo, virgluis, f,
Vere, adv. 108
125
Verecundia, ee, f. 81
Viridis, e, 91
Veritas, atis, f. 43
Vero, adv. and conj. Virtus, utis, f. 34
Vis, gen. vis, ace.
108, 110
vim, dat. and abl.
Verres, is, m. Ill
vi;nom.plu. vires
Versutus, a, um, 105
or vis, gen. pUi.
Verum, i, n. 85
viriura, dat. plu.
conj. 110
viribus, f. 75
Verus, a, um, 67
verb neut. pas.
Vis,
Vespasianus, i, m.
104
121
Vita, , f. 11
Veata, so, f. 127

7itiosu3, a,

Vitium,
rem.

um, 61
33

n.

ii,

Vito, v. act. 93
Vitrum, i, neut, 95

Vituperandus,

um,

a,

102

Vivere, v. neut. 101

Vobis, pron. 115,
131 rem.
Volebam, V. neut.
pass. 104

Volebas, v. neut.
pass. 104
Volebat, v. neut.
pass. 104
Volo, V. neut. pass.

104
Volucer,
107

oris, ere,

Volucris,

83

is, f.

rem.
Voluntas,

atis,

f.

119
Voluptarius, a, um,
118
Voluptas, atis, f.79
Vos, pron. 38
Vox, vocis, f. 63

Vulgus,

gi,

m.

or n.

87

Vulnus,

eris, n. 113

Vnlpes,i3, f.31

Xantippe,

Xenophon,

es,

f.

99

ontiS,ra

121

Xerxes,

is,

m. 99

i, m. 127
Zephyrus, i,m.2L

Zaleucus,

GRAMMATICAL INDEX.
The Numbers refer

to the Exercises, not to the Parjcs,

Nouns, gcudcr
compounds

(llcni.)

(Rom. 2)

(Rem.)

rendered hy Latin adjectives

, signifying position
Adjectives, of one termination
of two termineitioni
, of three terminations .
, of two or three terminations
agreement
,
used substantively
,
,

(Rem. 4)
(Rem.)

(Rem.)
(Rem.)
(Rem.)
(R.m. 2)
(Rem. 1)
(Rem. 2)

derivations

from names of places

(R

Pronouus, possessives
,

relative

interrogatives

Verbs, infinitive
,

(Rem.)
(Rem. 1)
(Rem, 1)
(Rem. 2)
(Rem.)
(Rem. 2)
(Rem.)
(Rem.)

equivalent of participle in ing

agreement
Adverbs, formation
,

construction

Conjunctions, equivalents of that

, equivalents of hut
equivalents of and
construction

6)

2)

mood

construction of tenses
participle in dus

&

(Rem.

n.s.

(Rem.)
(Rem. 1)

personals

(Rem

(Rem. 5)

Interjections

Construction of negations .
of interrogations
of replies to questions

(Rem. 2)
(Rem. 1)

Enclitics

(Rem.)
(Rem. 3)
(Rem.)

....

Abbreviations

Emphatic or

intensitivo particles

Interrogative particles
Order of words in Latin sentence
Words usually omitted

(Rcra. 2)

(Rem.
(Rem.

2)
4)

EID OF riRST COUKSE

BILI.IKO

AND

SOKS, PRINTERS

OUILDFORU,
'''ij^y^