HTML 5 Bangla Tutorial

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HTML 4 & 5
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Aavq-1 t GBPwUGgGj (HTML) wbq cv_wgK AvjvPbv :..........................................16

1.1: GBPwUGgGj (HTML) Kx?......................................................................................17
1.2: HTML jvsqR wKfve KvR Ki?..........................................................................17
1.3: GBPwUGgGj jvsqRi cqvRbxqZv.......................................................................18
1.4: Kvwiqvi wnme HTML jvsqR..........................................................................19
Aavq-2 t HTML evwmK:....................................................................................21

2.1 t HTML UvM (Tag)........................................................................................................22
2.1.1 t HTML UvM jLvi wbqg......................................................................................22
2.1.2 t Icwbs UvM (Opening Tags) .............................................................................22
2.1.3 t KvwRs UvM (Closing Tags) ...............................................................................22
2.1.4 t HTML GwU UvM (Empty Tags) .....................................................................22
2.2 t HTML WwcKUW UvM (Deprecated Tags) I AvwUweDU (Attributes) .............................22
2.3 t HTML AvwUweDU (Attributes) I fvwjD (Value) ...........................................................23
2.3.1 t AvwUweDU jLvi wbqg ..........................................................................................23
2.3.2 t fvwjD mU Kivi wbqg .........................................................................................23
2.3.3 t HTML Gi cavb AvwUweDU mg~n ..........................................................................23
2.3.3.1 t id ........................................................................................................24
2.3.3.2 t class ...................................................................................................24
2.3.3.3 t title .....................................................................................................24
2.3.3.4 t style ...................................................................................................25
2.4 t KbUU (Contents) .......................................................................................................25
2.5 t HTML GUbkb (Extension) .....................................................................................25
2.6 t HTML GwWUi .............................................................................................................26
2.7 t HTML dvBj Gi evwmK MVb .........................................................................................27
2.8 t HTML G c_g cvMvg jLv ...........................................................................................27
2.9 t BbWUkb (Indention) .................................................................................................35
2.10 t GBPwUGgGj KgU (Comments) .................................................................................36
2.10.1 t KgU (Comments) Gi eenvi .........................................................................36
2.11 t WKzgU UvBc wWKqvikb ..............................................................................................37
Aavq-3 t GBPwUGgGj BwjgU (Elements)...................................................................39

3.1 t HTML BwjgU (Elements) .........................................................................................40
3.1.1 t BwjgU Gi MVb .................................................................................................41
3.1.2 t bW GBPwUGgGj BwjgU (Nested HTML Elements) .......................................42
3.1.3 t HTML Gi cavb BwjgUmg~n ..............................................................................43
3.1.3.1 t <html> Element .................................................................................44
3.1.3.2 t <head> Element ................................................................................45
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3.1.3.3 t <title> Element .................................................................................46

3.1.3.3.1 t <title> BwjgU Gi eenvi t .......................................................47
3.1.3.4 t <body> Element ...............................................................................49
3.1.3.4.1 t <body> BwjgU Gi eenvi t ......................................................49
3.1.3.4.1.1 t <body> BwjgU G AvwUweDU Gi eenvi ............................52
3.1.3.4.1.1.1 t alink .................................................................52
3.1.3.4.1.1.2 t background ......................................................54
3.1.3.4.1.1.3 t bgcolor .............................................................56
3.1.3.4.1.1.4 t link ..................................................................58
3.1.3.4.1.1.5 t text ...................................................................60
3.1.3.4.1.1.6 t vlink .................................................................61
Aavq-4 t GBPwUGgGj UU digwUs : ............................................................................65
4.1 t HTML Basic Text Formatting ..................................................................................66
4.1.1 t Heading (<h1> _K <h6>) Elements wbq AvjvPbv .........................................66
4.1.1.1 t.Heading BwjgU G AvwUweDU Gi eenvi ..................................................72
4.1.1.1.1 t align (Deprecated) .................................................................72
4.1.1.1.1.1 t left ...............................................................................72
4.1.1.1.1.2 t right .............................................................................73
4.1.1.1.1.3 t center ...........................................................................74
4.1.2 t Paragraph (<p>) Element wbq AvjvPbv ...........................................................75
4.1.2.1 t.Paragraph BwjgU G AvwUweDU Gi eenvi ..............................................76
4.1.2.1.1 t align AvwUweDU (Deprecated) ..................................................76
4.1.2.1.1.1 t left ...............................................................................77
4.1.2.1.1.2 t right .............................................................................78
4.1.2.1.1.3 t center ...........................................................................79
4.1.2.1.1.4 t justify ..........................................................................80
4.1.2.1.2 t style AvwUweDU ...........................................................................81
4.1.2.1.3 t dir AvwUweDU .............................................................................85
4.1.2.1.3.1 t ltr .................................................................................85
4.1.2.1.3.2 t rtl .................................................................................86
4.1.3 t bb ewKs m ( ) Gi eenvi ....................................................................87
4.1.4 t jvBb eK (<br />) Element wbq AvjvPbv ...........................................................89
4.1.5 t Preformatted (<pre>) Element wbq AvjvPbv ...................................................92
4.1.6 t Font (<font>) Element wbq AvjvPbv (Deprecated).........................................93
4.1.6.1 t.Font BwjgU G AvwUweDU Gi eenvi ........................................................93
4.1.6.1.1 t color AvwUweDU (Deprecated)..................................................93
4.1.6.1.2 t face AvwUweDU (Deprecated) ...................................................96
4.1.6.1.3 t size AvwUweDU (Deprecated) ...................................................97
4.2 t HTML Presentational Elements ...............................................................................97
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4.2.1 t Bold <b> Element .......................................................................................100

4.2.2 t Italic <i> Element ........................................................................................100
4.2.3 t Underline <u> Element ...............................................................................101
4.2.4 t Center <center> Element (Deprecated)......................................................102
4.2.5 t <s> Ges <strike> (Deprecated) Elements ..................................................104
4.2.6 t <tt> Element (Deprecated)..........................................................................105
4.2.7 t <sup> Element ............................................................................................106
4.2.8 t <sub> Element ............................................................................................107
4.2.9 t <big> Element (Deprecated).......................................................................108
4.2.10 t <small> Element ........................................................................................109
4.2.11 t <hr> Element .............................................................................................110
4.2.11.1 t align AvwUweDU (Deprecated)............................................................111
4.2.11.2 t width AvwUweDU (Deprecated) .........................................................112
4.2.11.3 t noshade AvwUweDU (Deprecated).......................................................112
4.2.11.4 t size AvwUweDU (Deprecated).............................................................118
4.3 t HTML Phrase Elements ..........................................................................................119
4.3.1 t <em> Element ..............................................................................................121
4.3.2 t <strong> Element ........................................................................................121
4.3.3 t <address> Element ......................................................................................122
4.3.4 t <abbr> Element ...........................................................................................122
4.3.4.1 t title AvwUweDU......................................................................................124
4.3.5 t <acronym> Element (Deprecated).............................................................124
4.3.5.1 t title AvwUweDU .....................................................................................126
4.3.6 t <dfn> Element ............................................................................................128
4.3.7 t <blockquote> Element ................................................................................129
4.3.7.1 t cite AvwUweDU ......................................................................................131
4.3.8 t <q > Element ...............................................................................................132
4.3.9 t <cite > Element ...........................................................................................133
4.3.10 t <code> Element .........................................................................................134
4.3.11 t <kbd> Element ..........................................................................................135
4.3.12 t <var> Element ...........................................................................................136
4.3.13 t <samp> Element ........................................................................................137
4.4 t Editing Text Elements ............................................................................................138
4.4.1 t <ins> BwjgU ................................................................................................138
4.4.1.1 t title AvwUweDU .....................................................................................140
4.4.1.2 t cite AvwUweDU ......................................................................................141
4.4.1.3 t datetime AvwUweDU ..............................................................................142
4.4.2 t <del> BwjgU ................................................................................................143
4.4.2.1 t title AvwUweDU .....................................................................................145
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4.4.2.2 t cite AvwUweDU ......................................................................................146

4.4.2.3 t datetime AvwUweDU .............................................................................147
Aavq-5 t GBPwUGgGj wj ............................................................................................151
5.1 t List <li> BwjgU .......................................................................................................152
5.2 t Ordered List (ol) BwjgU ..........................................................................................152
5.2.1 t type AvwUweDU Gi eenvi .................................................................................154
5.2.2 t start AvwUweDU Gi eenvi .................................................................................160
5.3 t Unordered List (ul) BwjgU ......................................................................................166
5.3.1 t type AvwUweDU Gi eenvi .................................................................................138
5.4 t Directory List (dir) BwjgU ......................................................................................172
5.5 t Menu List (menu) BwjgU ........................................................................................173
5.6 t Definition List (<dl>,<dt> & <dd>) BwjgU ............................................................175
5.7 t Nesting Lists ...........................................................................................................177
Aavq-6 t GBPwUGgGj wjsK ...........................................................................................187
6.1 t <a> BwjgU ...............................................................................................................188
6.1.1 t href AvwUweDU .................................................................................................188
6.1.2 t style AvwUweDU ...............................................................................................204
6.1.3 t name AvwUweDU ..............................................................................................206
6.1.4t target AvwUweDU ...............................................................................................212
6.1.4.1 t _blank fvwjD Gi eenvi ......................................................................213
6.1.5t tabindex AvwUweDU ..........................................................................................217
6.1.6 t accesskey AvwUweDU Gi eenvi ........................................................................219
6.2 t <link /> BwjgU ........................................................................................................219
6.3 t <nav> BwjgU ...........................................................................................................219
Aavq-7 t GBPwUGgGj BgR ..........................................................................................222
7.1 t <img /> BwjgU ........................................................................................................223
7.1.1 t src AvwUweDU ..................................................................................................227
7.1.2 t alt AvwUweDU ...................................................................................................227
7.1.3 t height AvwUweDU .............................................................................................229
7.1.4 t width AvwUweDU ..............................................................................................231
7.1.5 t border AvwUweDU (Deprecated)......................................................................233
7.1.6 t hspace AvwUweDU (Deprecated).....................................................................233
7.1.7 t vspace AvwUweDU (Deprecated)......................................................................234
7.2 t <figure> BwjgU .......................................................................................................235
7.3 t <figcaption> BwjgU ................................................................................................237
Aavq-8 t GBPwUGgGj BgR ..........................................................................................239
8.1 t <table> BwjgU .........................................................................................................240
8.1.1 t border AvwUweDU (Deprecated)......................................................................242
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8.1.2 t cellpadding AvwUweDU (Deprecated)..............................................................243

8.1.3 t cellspacing AvwUweDU
(Deprecated)...............................................................245
8.1.4 t width AvwUweDU
(Deprecated)........................................................................246
8.1.5 t align AvwUweDU ...............................................................................................249
8.1.5.1 t left ....................................................................................................249
8.1.5.2 t center ................................................................................................251
8.1.5.3 t right ..................................................................................................252
8.1.6 t bgcolor AvwUweDU ...........................................................................................253
8.2 t <tr> BwjgU ..............................................................................................................255
8.2.1 t align AvwUweDU (Deprecated).........................................................................257
8.2.2 t bgcolor AvwUweDU (Deprecated)....................................................................259
8.3 t <td> BwjgU .............................................................................................................261
8.3.1 t align AvwUweDU (Deprecated)........................................................................264
8.3.2 t bgcolor AvwUweDU (Deprecated)....................................................................265
8.3.3 t colspan AvwUweDU ..........................................................................................267
8.3.4 t rowspan AvwUweDU .........................................................................................269
8.4 t <th> BwjgU .............................................................................................................271
Aavq-9 t GBPwUGgGj dg ..............................................................................................276
9.1 t <form> BwjgU .........................................................................................................275
9.1.1 t action AvwUweDU ............................................................................................278
9.1.2 t method AvwUweDU ...........................................................................................280
9.1.3 t target AvwUweDU .............................................................................................282
9.2 t <input> BwjgU ........................................................................................................284
9.2.1 t type AvwUweDU ................................................................................................284
9.2.1.1 t text fvwjD Gi eenvi ...........................................................................284
9.2.1.1.1 t size AvwUweDU Gi eenvi ...........................................................286
9.2.1.1.2 t value AvwUweDU Gi eenvi ........................................................287
9.2.1.2 t password fvwjD Gi eenvi .................................................................288
9.2.1.2.1 t size AvwUweDU Gi eenvi ...........................................................289
9.2.1.3 t checkbox fvwjD Gi eenvi .................................................................290
9.2.1.4 t radio fvwjD Gi eenvi ........................................................................292
9.2.1.4.1 t name AvwUweDU Gi eenvi ........................................................293
9.2.1.5 t file fvwjD Gi eenvi ...........................................................................296
9.2.1.6 t reset fvwjD Gi eenvi .........................................................................296
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9.2.1.7 t submit fvwjD Gi eenvi ......................................................................297
9.2.2 t <label> BwjgU .............................................................................................300
9.2.2.1 t for AvwUweDU Gi eenvi ........................................................................302
9.2.3 t <select> BwjgU ............................................................................................302
9.2.3.1 t multiple AvwUweDU Gi eenvi ...............................................................303
9.2.4 t <option> BwjgU ...........................................................................................305
9.2.4.1 t disabled AvwUweDU Gi eenvi ...............................................................307
Aavq-10 t GBPwUGgGj Kvjvi .......................................................................................310
10.1 t GBPwUGgGj Kvjvi .....................................................................................................311
10.2 t Kvjvi Gi eenvi ........................................................................................................311
10.2.1 t Color name (Kvjvi Gi bvg) eenvi Ki : ........................................................311
10.2.2 t t RGB Code eenvi Ki ...............................................................................311
10.2.3 t Hex (Hexadecimal) KvW eenvi Ki t ..........................................................312
Aavq-11 t GBPwUGgGj GbwUwU (Entities) ...................................................................315
11.1 t GBPwUGgGj GbwUwU (Entities) ....................................................................................316
11.1.1 t GbwUwU Gi eenvi ............................................................................................316
Aavq-12 t GBPwUGgGj wgwWqv (Media) ......................................................................320
12.1 t <audio> BwjgU ......................................................................................................321
12.1.1 t src AvwUweDU ................................................................................................321
12.1.2 t controls AvwUweDU .......................................................................................322
12.1.3 t loop AvwUweDU .............................................................................................324
12.1.4 t autoplay AvwUweDU ......................................................................................325
12.2 t <video> BwjgU ......................................................................................................326
12.2.1 t src AvwUweDU ...............................................................................................327
12.2.2 t controls AvwUweDU ........................................................................................327
12.2.3 t loop AvwUweDU ..............................................................................................329
12.2.4 t autoplay AvwUweDU .......................................................................................331
12.2.5 t width AvwUweDU ............................................................................................332
12.2.6 t height AvwUweDU ...........................................................................................333
12.2.7 t muted AvwUweDU ...........................................................................................334
12.2.8 t poster AvwUweDU ...........................................................................................335
12.3 t <source> BwjgU ....................................................................................................336
12.3.1 t <src> AvwUweDU ............................................................................................336
12.3.2 t <type> AvwUweDU .........................................................................................337
Aavq-13 t GBPwUGgGj Mwcs

(Grouping)..................................................................340
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13.1 t <div> BwjgU ..........................................................................................................341

13.1.1 t align AvwUweDU .............................................................................................341
13.1.2 t id AvwUweDU ..................................................................................................344
13.1.3 t class AvwUweDU .............................................................................................347
13.2 t <span> BwjgU .......................................................................................................348
13.2.1 t class AvwUweDU .............................................................................................348
Aavq-14 t GBPwUGgGj nW (Head) ............................................................................349
14.1 t <head> BwjgU .......................................................................................................351
14.2 t <title> BwjgU .........................................................................................................351
14.3 t <meta> BwjgU .......................................................................................................352
14.3.1 t name AvwUweDU ............................................................................................352
14.3.2 t content AvwUweDU .........................................................................................354
14.4 t <style> BwjgU .......................................................................................................355
14.4.1 t type AvwUweDU ..............................................................................................356
Aavq-15 t GBPwUGgGj cR (cR) ...........................................................................358

15.1 t Project-1 (Two Column Layout with a Header and a Footer) ..............................359
15.2 t Project-2 (Three Column Layout with Header, Navigation bar and Footer) ........361
15.3 t Project-3 (Creating a Index Page) .........................................................................364
15.4 t Project-4 (Creating a Page using List) ..................................................................367
15.5 t Project-5 (Use of Images in Table in a Page) .......................................................374
15.6 t Project-6 (Uses of Images and Paragraph in Table in a Page) .............................378
15.7 t Project-7 (Creating a Registration Page) ..............................................................382
15.8 t Project-8 (Creating a Login Page) ........................................................................385
15.9 t Project-9 (Creating a Full Website) ......................................................................388
Aavq-1
16
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
Aavq-15
GBPwUGgGj (HTML)
wbq cv_wgK AvjvPbv
17
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Aavq-15
1.1 t GBPwUGgGj (HTML) Kx t

nvBcviUU gvKAvc jvsqR (HyperText Markup Language) Gi msw ic nQ GBPwUGgGj
(HTML)| GwU Kvb cvMvwgs jvsqR bq, GwU g~jZ GKwU gvKAvc jvsqR|
Hyper : AwZ cyibv (HTML Zwii c~e) KwDUvi jvZ Kvb jLvK weklfve cKvk Kivi
Rb jLvi wbP iLv Uvbv nZ| wK eZgvb ay iLvB bq, "Hyper" Gi gvag eenviKvixiv GLb Ab
Kvb IqecBR G cek KiZI mg nQ|
Text:Text ejZ g~jZ Avgiv hv coZ cvwi| GwU Kvb k ev ki mgwK eySvq|
Markup:IqecRi MVb wbaviY/cqvRbxq cwieZb mvab KiZ eeZ cwZB nQ Markup.

hgb:mvaviYZ Kvb UUK wjsK Kivi Rb <a> UvM eeZ nq|
Language:G jvsqR ejZ KwDUvii Rb eeZ wewfb jvsqRK eySvbv nq
_vK| hgb : HTML (Markup Language), XML (Markup Language), PHP
(Programming Language) BZvw`|
gvKAvc jvsqR g~jZ c~e wbavwiZ wKQz KvW ev UvM Gi mgw, hv Kvb GKwU IqecRi evwnK MVb
wbYvqb eeZ nq| IqecRi KbUUK (UU,AwWD,wfwWI BZvw`) evDRvi c`kb Kivbvi Rb
HTML jvsqR eeZ nq _vK|
wP : 1.1.1 (HTML jvsqR)|
1.2 t HTML jvsqR wKfve KvR Ki

Kvb wfwRUi hLb Iqe mvfvii wbKU Kvb GBPwUGgGj dvBj Gi Rb wiKvq cvVvq, Iqe mvfvi ZLb
wfwRUi Gi KwDUvi ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) UU
Gi GK `xN ws cvVvq Ges wfwRUi Gi evDRvi ZLb GwUK IqecR AvKvi c`kb Ki| evDRvi c`wkZ
IqecR Gi MVb wKic ne, UUmg~n wKfve c`wkZ ne BZvw` welq wbfi Ki GBPwUGgGj dvBj/cR
G eeZ wewfb UvM Gi Dci| G eBqi cieZxZ Avgiv UvM wbq wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiev|
18
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
Aavq-15
wP : 1.2.1 (Iqe mvfvii wbKU cvVvbv wfwRUi Gi wiKvq)|
1.3 t GBPwUGgGj jvsqRi cqvRbxqZv

IqecR ZwiZ HTML jvsqR wfw wnme KvR Ki| HTML evwZZ Kvb IqemvBU
Zwi/wWRvBb/Wfjc Kiv me bq| hwÌ HTML Kvb cwic~Y jvsqR bq| HTML eenvi Ki Kej
vwUK IqemvBU Zwi Kiv hvq| wbP HTML G Zwi GKwU IqecR Gi wP `Lvbv nj t
wP : 1.3.1 (GBPwUGgGj eenvi Ki IqecBR Zwi Kiv)|

D cR wewfb vBj cqvM Ki cwic~YZv Avbvi Rb CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) eenvi Kiv
AvekK| CSS mK cwic~Y vb ARb Kivi Rb jLKi wmGmGm (3) Av wWf eBwU msMn Ki wbZ
cvib| ZvQvov wewfb gvwwgwWqv, dvk, Avwc- Kkb Z_vwc IqemvBUK WvBbvwgK Kivi Rb wewfb
cvMvwgs jvsqR (PHP, JAVA, JavaScript BZvw`) eenvi Kiv hZ cvi| wK c~eB ejv nqQ h,
IqecRi KbUUK (UU, AwWD, wfwWI BZvw`) evDRvi c`kb Kivbvi Rb HTML jvsqR eeZ
nq _vK| Zvnj wPv Ki `Lyb h, Avcbvi IqemvBU hZB vBj eenvi Kiv nvK, Avi cvMvwgs eenvi
Ki hZB WvBbvwgK Kivi Pv Kiv nvK bv Kb, IqemvBUi KbUU B hw` c`wkZ bv nq - Zvnj meB
e_v| myZivs ejv hZ cvi, `vjvb ZwiZ hgb BU, wmgU eenvi Acwinvh, wVK Zgwb IqemvBU ZwiZ
HTML.
19
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1.4 t Kvwiqvi wnme HTML jvsqR

eZgvb wek Web Design/Development Gi Pvwn`v w`b w`b eoB PjQ| Avi Iqe wWRvBwbsqi Rb
Acwinvh jvsqR nQ HTML. jvKvj gvKUc- mjvZ iqQ Gi evcK Pvwn`v| cwZwU eemv
cwZvb/Kvvbx AvR wekevcx Zvì eemv cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb IqemvBU Zwii w`K SzK w`Q| Avi ZviB
mv_ evoQ HTML Gi Pvwn`v| ZvQvov aygv HTML Gi Dci AbjvBb iqQ AmsL KvR| HTML Gi
Dci ` nq AvR AbjvBb Gi gvag Ni emB nvRvi nvRvi Wjvi BbKvg Kiv me| AbjvBb Avqi c_K
AviI mnR fve bqvi Rb jLKi BUvibU AvZKgmsvb (fvmb-1) I BUvibU AvZKgmsvb
(fvmb-2) eB `ywU msMn Ki wbZ cvib|
weMxwbs Rygjv AvWfvW Rygjv cdkbvj Rygjv Rygjv UjU gwKs

weMxwbs IqvWcm AvWfvW IqvWcm cdkbvj IqvWcm BUvibU
AvZKgmsvb-1 BUvibU AvZKgmsvb-2
B-Kgvm Av Rygjv!
fvPzgvU B-Kgvm
gvvwgwWqv wWgIqfvi mvP Bwb AcwUgvBRkb
AvWfvW mvP Bwb AcwUgvBRkb
cdkbvj mvP Bwb AcwUgvBRkb
di UwWs B-gvKwUs
AvWfvW GBPwUGgGj wcGBPwc Av gvB
GmwKDGj AvWfvW wcGBPwc Av gvB GmwKDGj AeR AwiqUW
wc.GBP.wc WUveBR gvB GmwKDGj wm cvMvwgs Rvfv cvMvwgs
Rvfvw AvWfvW dUvkc AvWfvW BjvUi cdkbvj Mvwd
wWRvBb cdkbvj KwDUvi bUIqvwKs IW Ges AvDmvwms
AvwdwjqU gvKwUs
20
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
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21
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
Aavq-15
Aavq-2
HTML
2.1 t HTML UvM (Tag)

22
evwmK
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IqecR Gi KbUUK evDRvi c`kb Kivi Rb wewfb aiYi UvM eenvi nq _vK| GBPwUGgGj UvM
jv AbKUv BDRvi djx| BDRvi djx ejZ HTML UvM jv Avq Kiv Abvb cvMvwgs jvsqR
Gi gZv Zgb Kmva bq| evDRvi HTML G eeZ UvM Gi Dci wfw Ki KbUUK c`wkZ Ki| hgb
: jLvK ev Kivi Rb b UvM, AvvijvBb Kivi Rb u UvM eeZ nq _vK| wK ck nQ, Zvnj
mvaviY UU Ges UvM Gi ga cv_K wK ? HTML UvM jLvi g~jZ wKQz wbqg iqQ|
2.1.1 t HTML UvM jLvi wbqg
cwZwU HTML UvM < (less than Sign) w`q i KiZ nq|
Gici UvM Gi bvg Dj- L KiZ nq|
Ges mekl > (greater than Sign) w`q UvM kl KiZ nq|
hgb t <a>, <b>, <img />, <code> BZvw`|
Note : HTML UvM jv Km mbwmwUf bq, Ze W3C vvW Abyhvqx QvU Ai jLv fvj|
HTML G Kvb UUK wewfb UvM Gi gvag jLvi mgq cwZwU UvMK `yBevi Ki eenvi KiZ nq|
Gjv nj t
2.1.2 t Icwbs UvM (Opening Tags)

UU i Kivi AvM Icwbs UvM wWKqvi KiZ nq| Icwbs UvM jLvi wbqg t <Tag>
2.1.3 t KvwRs UvM (Closing Tags)

UU kl nIqvi ci KvwRs UvM wWKqvi KiZ nq| KvwRs UvM jLvi wbqg nQ UvM Gi bvgi c~e /
less than mvBb Gi ci GKwU dU - vk "/" eenvi KiZ nq| A_vr t </Tag>| wbP Icwbs Ges KvwRs
Gi D`vniY Ìqv nj t
<Opening Tag> Here is Your Text </Closing Tag>
<p> This line would be written under Paragraph style </p>
2.1.4 t HTML GwU UvM (Empty Tags)

HTML G ek wKQz UvM iqQ, hjv Kvb UUK cfvweZ Ki bv| wekl wKQz KvR Gì eenvi nq
_vK| hgb t <br>, <hr>, <img>, <input> BZvw`| GB UvM jvK GwU UvM (Empty Tags) ejv
nq _vK| GB UvMjvi Kvb KvwRs UvM bB| Ze W3C vvW Abyhvqx GmKj GwU UvMjvKI
KvR Kiv DwPZ| GRb UvM Gi bvgi kl Ges greather than mvBb Gi c~e GKwU m ( ) Ges GKwU
dU - vk "/" eenvi KiZ nq| A_vr t <br />, <hr />
2.2 t HTML WwcKUW UvM (Deprecated Tags) I AvwUweDU (Attributes)

GBPwUGgGj Gi c~ei fvmbjvZ (HTML 4.01 Gi c~e) eeZ wKQz UvM I AvwUweDU HTML 4.01
fvmb WwcKUW (Abbygvw`Z) Nvlbv Kiv nq| WwcKUW gvb GB bq h, GwU KvR Kie bv !! Ze,
cBR fvwjWkb GwU mgmv nq `vove| wewfb WwcKUW UvM Gi ga iqQ - <big>, <center>,
<font>, <franme>, <strike> BZvw`|
2.3 t HTML AvwUweDU (Attributes) I fvwjD (Value)

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HTML UvM G eeZ welqmg~ni wewfb cwieZb mvab, wewfb AvwK Dcvcb Kiv, mywbw`fve cKvk
Kivi Rb UvM Gi ga wewfb AvwUweDU eenvii cqvRb nq _vK| Avi GmKj AvwUweDU Gi eenvi
/KvRK mywbw` KiZ, GZ wewfb fvwjD eeZ nq| hgb t <p> UvM eenvi Ki hLb Kvb UU jLv
nq, ZLb ^vfvweK wbqg GwU evDRvi G evg w`K _K i nq| GLb Avwg hw` GB UUK evDRvi Gi Wvb
w`K _K i KiZ PvB, A_vr Wvb w`K _K c`kb KiZ PvB-Ze <p> UvM G wbPi gZv AvwUweDU I
fvwjD eenvi KiZ ne|
<p dir="rtl"> This line will be shown as right to left in browser </p>
GLvb <p> nQ UvM, dir nQ D <p> UvM Gi AvwUweDU Ges rtl nQ dir AvwUweDU G eeZ fvwjD|
Note : mKj UvM AvwUweDU eenvi nq bv| Avevi mKj UvMI me aiYi AvwUweDU mvcvU Ki bv| Avgiv
cieZx AavqjvZ G mK wevwiZ Rvbev|
2.3.1 t AvwUweDU jLvi wbqg

HTML G AvwUweDU jLvi wbqg nQ-Icwbs UvM Gi ga UvM Gi bvg Gi ci GKwU m eenvi Ki
AvwUweDU Dj- L KiZ nq|

<Tag_name Attribute_name
2.3.2 t fvwjD mU Kivi wbqg

AvwUweDU Gi fvwjD mU Kivi Rb AvwUweDU Gi bvgi ci GKwU BKzqvj mvBb, Zvici KvUkb Gi ga
fvwjD wjLZ nq|
= "Value"
wbP AvwUweDU I fvwjD eenvi Ki UvM wjL `Lvbv nj t
<a href="http://www.bookbd.info"> BookBD </a>
AvwUweDU
fvwjD
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="theme.css" />
Attr
Val
Attr
Val
Attr
Val
Note : fvwjD AvmvBb Kivi mgq KvUkb eenvi Kiv AvekK| wmsMj Ges Wvej KvUkb - Dfq cwZB
eenvi Kiv hve|
2.3.3 t HTML Gi cavb AvwUweDU mg~n

HTML G Dj- LhvM wKQz AvwUweDU iqQ, hjv cvq me aiYi UvM Gi mv_ eenvihvM| Gjv nj
t id, class, title Ges style|
24
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
Aavq-15
HTML cRi Kvb UvMK wbw`fve mbv Kivi Rb id AvwUweDU eenvi Kiv nq
_vK| HTML cRK hLb Kvb CSS A_ev JavaScript dvBji mv_ wjsK Kiv nq, ZLb HTML Gi
UvMK id AvwUweDU eenvi Gi gvag D CSS A_ev JavaScript dvBj h_vh_ KvR mv`b Ki _vK|
hgb t-
2.3.3.1 t id
HTML dvBj id attribute Gi eenvi
CSS dvBj id (#) eenvi
Ki UvM mbv Kiv
<div id="attribute">
2.3.3.2 t class
div#attribute
HTML cRi ga GKB iKgi wewfb UvMK Avjv`v-Avjv`vfve mbv Kivi Rb
class AvwUweDU eenvi Kiv nq _vK| hgb t Kvb GKwU HTML cRi ga 4wU <p> UvM iqQ| GLb
Avwg hw` GB 4wU <p> UvMK Avjv`v-Avjv`vfve mbv KiZ PvB, Ze class Attribute Gi gvag
msvwqZ KiZ ne| hgb t
HTML dvBj class attribute Gi eenvi
CSS dvBj class (.) eenvi Ki UvM mbv Kiv
<p class="attr1">
p.attr1
<p class="attr2">
p.attr2
<p class="attr3">
p.attr3
<p class="attr4">
p.attr4
Note : HTML id Ges class AvwUweDU Gi fvwjD Km-mbwmwUf| fvwjD wnme h Kvb bvg nZ cvi,
mB gvb ai CSS A_ev JavaScript cqvRbxq KvR mv`b Kie| fvwjD AekB jUvi w`q i nZ
ne Ges cieZxZ bv^vi (0-9), nvBdb (-), Avvivi ( _ ), Kgv (.) eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|
2.3.3.3 t title HTML cRi Kvb BwjgUK (BwjgU wbq cieZx AavqjvZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv
Kiv nqQ) evDRvi wb`k Kivi Rb title AvwUweDU eenvi Kiv nq _vK| title AvwUweDU mvaviYZ
<a>, <area>, <img>, <link>, <abbr>, <acronym> UvMjvZ ewk eeZ nq _vK| eBqi
cieZx AavqjvZ title AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv nqQ|
25
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HTML cR GK jvBb wewk Kvb BwjgU vBj (Inline CSS) cqvM Kivi Rb
style AvwUweDU eenvi Kiv nq _vK| hgb t-wbPi <p> UvM vBj AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Gi dU I
Kvjvi cwieZb Kiv nqQ|
2.3.3.4 t style
<p style="font-family:arial; color:#FF0000;"> Some text. </p>
2.4 t KbUU (Contents)

IqecR Avgiv hv `LZ cvB, (UU, BgR, AwWD, wfwWD BZvw`) me wKQzB KbUU| D`vniYîc t
Avgiv hw` IqecRK GKwU KbUBbvi Gi mv_ Zzjbv Kwi h, GKwU KbUBbvi Gi ga wK _vK ? Pvj,
Wvj, cvwb BZvw`| KbUBbvi Gme wKQz aviY (contain) Ki| Avi aviYKZ Pvj, Wvj, cvwb nQ D
KbUBbvi Gi KbUU (Contents)| wVK Zgwb, GLvb KbUBbvi nQ Avgvì IqecR Avi KbUBbvi Gi
ga _vKv Pvj,Wvj, cvwb BZvw` hveZxq KbUU nQ IqecR eeZ UU, BgR, AwWD, wfwWD BZvw`|
wP : 2.4.1 (IqecR Gi KbUU mg~n)|
2.5 t HTML GUbkb (Extension)

KwDUvi eeZ cwZwU dvBj, wewfb cvMvwgs jvsqR Gi wbR^ GUbkb/digvU iqQ| GUbkb
ejZ GKwU dvBj h bvg mf Kiv nq _vK, ZvK eySvq| hgb t-wewfb wfwWI dvBji GUbkb t
".avi, .vod. .dat, .mp4" BZvw` nq _vK| wewfb AwWI digvUi Mvb Gi GUbkb t ".mp3, .amr,
.wav" BZvw` nq _vK| Avevi wewfb cvMvwgs jvsqR hgb t-wcGBPwci GUbkb nQ ".php",
JavaScript cvMvwgs jvsqR Gi GUbkb nQ ".js"| wVK Zgwb HTML jvsqR Gi GUbkb
nQ ".html"| GUbkb evwZZ A_ev GUbkb cwieZb nj Kvb fveB D dvBj KvR Kie bv| hgb
t Kvb AwWI dvBji GUbkb cwieZb Ki hw` BgR digvU dvBji GUbkb ".jpg, .gif, .png" `qv
nq, Zvnj hgb D AwWI dvBj KvR Kie bv, wVK Zgwb HTML Gi GUbkb cwieZb Ki hw` ".php"
ivLv nq, Zvnj GwU I KvR Kie bv| myZivs GUbkb AwZ iZc~Y welq|
26
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
Aavq-15
2.6 t HTML GwWUi

GBPwUGgGj KvW wjLvi Rb Avgvì GKwU UU GwWUi cqvRb ne, hgb - Notepad, Notepad ++,
Text Editor BZvw`| GQvov, eZgvb wewfb aibi IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
Software hgb:- (Macromedia Dreamweaver, Adobe Dreamweaver BZvw`) iqQ, hjv
eenvi Ki mnR I ^ mgq cvMvg jLv hvq| gvvwgwWqv wWgIqfvi eenvi Ki AbvqvmB AbK
AvKlbxq IqemvBU Zwi Kiv hvq| gvvwgwWqv wWgIqfvi eenvi Ki IqemvBU Zwi Kiv wkLZ PvBj
jLKi jLv gvvwgwWqv wWgIqfvi eBwU msMn Ki wbZ cvib|
wP : 2.6.1 (gvvwgwWqv wWgIqfvi)
wP : 2.6.2 (Notepad Editor)

27
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2.7 t HTML dvBj Gi evwmK MVb

GBPwUGgGj dvBj Gi GKwU wbR^ ewk/MVb cwZ iqQ| mB MVb/wbqg Abymvi GBPwUGgGj dvBj
wjLZ nq| Gi evBi GBPwUGgGj dvBj KvR Kie bv| wbP GKwU GBPwUGgGj dvBj Gi evwmK MVb
cwZ wbq AvjvPbv Kiv nj
wP : 2.7.1 (HTML dvBj Gi evwmK MVb)|

cwZwU HTML dvBj i KiZ nq <html> (html Gi Icwbs UvM) w`q, Ges kl KiZ nq </html>
(html Gi KvwRs UvM) w`q| GB html Gi Icwbs Ges KvwRs UvM Gi ga Avgvì Abvb mg UvM,
KbUU _vKe| html Gi Icwbs Ges KvwRs UvM Gi ga cavb h `ywU mKkb _vKe, Gjv nj t head
mKkb Ges body mKkb| head mKkb Gi wfZi cR mK wewfb Bbdigkb, cR Gi wkivbvg,
wewfb w, vBj BZvw` welqmg~n hvM Kiv nq _vK| head mKkbK body mKkb i nIqvi AvMB
KvR KiZ ne| head mKkb wbq eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| Avi Avgiv Avgvì
IqecR h mKj wKQz (UU, BgR, dvk BZvw`) `LZ cvB, Zvi meB body mKkb Gi ga Dj- L
KiZ nq| GLvb Aviv GKwU welq jbxq h, h UvM mevi AvM i nqQ, mwU mevi ci Gm kl
nqQ| G mKj welqjv Avgiv eBqi cieZxZ cvKwUKvjx `LZ cvev|
2.8 t HTML G c_g cvMvg jLv

GZb Avgiv GBPwUGgGj Gi LuywUbvwU welqjv mK RbwQ| GLb GmKj welqjv eenvi Ki
GBPwUGgGj G Avgiv Avgvì c_g cvMvg wjL Zv evDRvi ivb Ki `Lev| Pjyb, Zvnj i Kiv hvK . .
avc-1 t bvUcvW Icb Kiv

GRb c_g Avcbvi KwDUvii Start gby _K Run G wKK Kib|
28
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
Aavq-15
wP : 2.8.1 (Start
Run G wKK Kiv)|
A_ev, Kx-evW _K (Window evUb + R) cm Kib|
wP : 2.8.2 (Kx-evW _K Window key + R cm Kiv)|

GLb wbPi gZv GKwU WvqvjM e Avme|
wP : 2.8.3 (ivb WvqvjM e)|

Gevi Open Gi cvki UU wd "notepad" UvBc Kib Ges Ok evUb wKK Kib|
29
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
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wP : 2.8.4 (UU wd notepad UvBc Ki OK evUb wKK Kiv)|

Zvnj wbPi wPi gZv GKwU bvUcvW Icb ne|
wP : 2.8.5 (bvUcvW Icb nIqv)|
avc- 2 t HTML dvBj KvW jLv

Gevi AvMZ bvUcvW wbPi gZv HTML KvW/UvM wjwL|
cvMvg bs 1 (p1.html) HTML G c_g cvMvg jLv|
<html>
<head>
<title> This is my first HTML Program ;) </title>
</head>
<body>
Hellow World !!
</body>
</html>
30
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
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wP : 2.8.6 (Notepad G HTML KvW jLv)|
avc-3 t dvBj mf Kiv

Gevi dvBjwUK Avgiv HTML digvU mf Kiev| GRb c_g File gby _K Save As...G wKK Kwi|
wP : 2.8.7 (File
Save As... G wKK Kiv)|
c_g Save in Gi cvki Wc-WvDb wj _K Gi jvKkb, A_vr dvBjwU Kv_vq wMq msiwZ ne, Zv
wVK Ki w`B| Gevi dvBjwUi Rb GKwU bvg w`Z ne Ges bvgi kl AekB .html GUbkb eenvi
KiZ ne| wbPi gZv File name Gi Ni Avgvì dvBj Gi Rb GKwU bvg wjwL|
1
2
wP : 2.8.8 (.html GUbkb eenvi Ki html dvBj Gi bvg jLv)|

31
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GLvb GKwU welq jbxq h, HTML dvBj Gi bvg Kvb nvqvBU m (" ") eenvi Kiv hve bv| nvqvBU
m Gi cwieZ nvBdb ("-") A_ev Avvivi ("_") eenvi KiZ cvib|
Gevi Save as type wd nZ All Files wmj Kib|
wP : 2.8.9 (Save as type Gi cvki Wc-WvDb wj nZ All Files wmj Kiv)|

mekl Save evUbv wKK Ki dvBjwU mf Kib|
wP : 2.8.10 (cqvRbxq KvR kl Save evUb wKK Kiv)|

32
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Aavq-15
avc-4 t AvDUcyU
GLb Avgiv Avgvì Zwi Kiv GBPwUGgGj Gi AvDUcyU `Lev| GRb c_g Avgiv Avgvì dvBjwU h
wWiixZ mf KiwQ, mLvb Pj hvB|
wP : 2.8.11 (dvBj Gi wWiwi)|

Gevi h dvBjwU wKQzb AvM mf KiQb, mwU Kvb GKwU evDRvi w`q Icb Kib| GRb dvBjwUi
Dci gvDm Gi Wvb evUb wKK Kib| Zvici Open With Ges GLvb _K AvMZ h Kvb GKwU evDRvi
(hgb t- Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera BZvw`) Gi bvgi Dci
wKK Kib, hjv Avcbvi KwDUvi Bbj Kiv AvQ|
we t `t GBPwUGgGj Gi AbK UvM, AvwUweDU-evDRvi Gi Dci wbfi Ki KvR Ki| G mK Avgiv
cieZx Aavq jvZ wevwiZ Rvbev|
wP : 2.8.12 (GBPwUGgGj dvBj Gi AvDUcyU `Lvi Rb evDRvi wmj Kiv )|

Gevi wbPi gZv Avcbvi ZwiKZ GBPwUGgGj dvBj Gi AvDUcyU evDRvi `LZ cveb|
33
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wP : 2.8.13 (HTML dvBj Gi AvDUcyU)|
KvW wek- lY t
GLb Avgiv GB HTML dvBj Gi cwZwU UvM mK Rvbev|
Avgvì HTML dvBjwU <html> (html Gi Icwbs UvM) w`q i nqQ Ges kl nqQ </html>
(html Gi KvwRs UvM) eenvi Ki| A_vr wbqgvbymvi <html> Ges </html> UvM Gi wfZi Abvb UvM
I KbUU eeZ nqQ|
<html>
</html>
<html> Gi ci <head> UvM eenvi Kiv nqQ| <head> mKkb Gi wfZi wewfb vBj, w eenvi
Kiv nq _vK| wbqgvbymvi head mKkbK (<head> </head>) body UvM i nIqvi AvMB KvR Kiv
nqQ| head mKkb wbq eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|
<html>
<head>
</head>
</html>
<head> mKkbi wfZi <title> bvg GKwU UvM eenvi Kiv nqQ| GB UvMwU IqecRi
UvBUj/wkivbvg aviY Ki| UvBUj UvM eenvi Ki cieZxZ Avgiv cvKwUKvjx AbK KvR `Lev|
<html>
<head>
</head>
</html>
wbP evDRvi UvBUj UvM Gi AvDUcyU `Lvbv nj t
34
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wP : 2.8.14 (UvBUj UvM Gi AvDUcyU)|

Dci wPwZ RvqMvUzKz Title UvM Gi wfZi jLv, hv evDRvi Gi UvBUj Ask c`wkZ nQ|
<head> UvM KvR Kivi ci Avgiv <body> UvM Gi KvR i KiwQ| Avgiv Kvb IqecR hv wKQz
`LZ cvB (KbUU), Zvi me wKQzB GB <body> UvM Gi wfZi wjLZ nq| hgb t-Hellow World!!
jLvwUK IqecR c`kb Kivi Rb Avgiv GwUK <body> UvM Gi wfZi wWKqvi wjLwQ| IqecRi
GmKj KbUUK wbqb Kivi Rb HTML G AbK UvM eenvi Kiv nq _vK| Av Av Avgiv G
mKj welq mK Rvbev| "<body> Hellow World !! </body>"
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
Hellow World !!
</body>
</html>
wP : 2.8.15 (<body> UvM Gi wfZii jLvi AvDUcU)|

35
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
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2.9 t BbWUkb (Indention)

cvMvg jLvi mgq wbw` vb duvKv (Avwg GLvb PviwU Ki m eenvi KiwQ - G KvRwU Avcwb mnR
Kivi Rb Kx-evW _K Tab evUb eenvi KiZ cvib) iL iL cvMvwgsq m`h/Zv ew KivB nQ
Indentation. hgb t Dcii GBPwUGgGj dvBjwUZ Indentation eenvi Ki dvBjwU wjLwQ| Avwg hw`
BbWUkb eenvi bvI KiZvg, ZeyI Avgvi dvBjwU KvR KiZv| wK, Avcwb GKRb fvjv Iqe
wWRvBbvi/Wfjcvi/cvMvgvi-Ab Kvb cvMvgvi Gi KvQ Avcbvi `Zv Avcwb cvMvg wjLvi gvag cKvk
KiZ cvib| ZvQvov AbK mgq cvMvwgsq BbWUkb eenvi bv Kivi Kvib AbK BUviwfD _KI ev`
co hvq| hKvb fvjv Afvmi gZv cvMvwgsq BbWUkb eenvi KivUvI mgq mva evcvi| Dcii
cvMvgwUZ Avwg <html> </html> jLvq Kvb BbWUkb eenvi Kwiwb, KviY html UvM GBPwUGgGj
dvBji c_g/cavb Ask|
<html>
</html>
wK, head Ges body mKkb eenvi Gi mgq BbWUkb eenvi KiwQ, KviY Gjv html Gi GK GKwU
BwjgU (A_vr, <html> GLvb cavb BwjgU, Avi <head> Ges <body> nQ <html> Gi BwjgU)|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Avevi nW mKkb Gi wfZi UvBUj UvMwUK Avjv`v BbbUkb eenvi Ki wjLwQ| KviY, title nQ head
Gi BwjgU| BwjgU wbq Avgiv eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv ne|
<head>
<title> This is my first HTML Program;) </title>
</head>
wVK Zgwb, <body> </body> Gi wfZii Hellow World!! jLvwUZ BbWUkb eenvi KiwQ| KviY,
Hellow World!! <body> Gi KbUU|
<body>
Hellow World!!
</body>
36
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2.10 t GBPwUGgGj KgU (Comments)

KgUm Gi K_v bj nqZv ev dmeyK KgU Gi K_v gb nZ cvi| welqwU Avmj Zv bv| dmeyK KgU
Gi gZv GwU evDRvi c`wkZ nq bv| GBPwUGgGj G KgU eenvi Kieb Kej Avcbvi eySvi myweav_|
gb Kib, AvR Avcbvi Zwi Kiv GKwU GBPwUGgGj cBR/cvMvg/WKzgU-AvR _K AvMvgx 6 gvm ci
Gi wewfb KvW Gi eenvi bvI eySZ cvib| G KvW Gi cvk KgU eenvi Ki GB mgmv _K gyw
cZ cvib| ZvQvov AbK mgq IqecR wWRvBb/WfjcgU Gi GKvwaK wWRvBbvi/Wfjcvi
GKmv_ KvR Ki _vKb, ZLb Avcbvi cvMvgwU Abvb wWRvBbvi Gi eySvi myweav_I KgU eenvii
cqvRb nq _vK|
2.10.1 t KgU (Comments) Gi eenvi

GBPwUGgGj G KgU eenvi Kivi Rb KgU (!--) UvM eeZ nq|
h jLvK KgU Gi wfZi ivLZ Pvb, Zvi c_g "<!" Ges jLvi kl "-->" eenvi KiZ nq| A_vr,

wbP GKwU D`vnib Gi gvag welqwU mK cwivi nIqv hvK|
wP : 2.10.1.1 (cvMvg G KgU Gi eenvi)|
KvW wek- lY t
Dci Avgiv This is a comment. The Comment line(s) w...jvBbwUK KgU UvM Gi wfZi iLwQ,
ZvB GwU evDRvi c`wkZ ne bv| wK wbPi jvBbwU wVKB evDRvi c`wkZ ne| GLb cRwU evDRvi ivb
Kivj wbPi gZv c`wkZ ne|
wP : 2.10.1.2 (cvMvg KgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|

37
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
Aavq-15
2.11 t WKzgU UvBc wWKqvikb

Kvb GBPwUGgGj cBR Gi WKzgU UvBc wWKqvi bv Kiv nj evDRvi eySZ cvi bv h, GwU GBPwUGgGj
Gi Kvb fvmb Zwi| m GBPwUGgGj msv wewfb Z_B evDRvi Gi wbKU cuQvq bv| WKzgU UvBc
wWKqvi Kiv Qvov GBPwUGgGj cBR fvwjWkbI me bq| ZvB h_vh_ WKzgU UvBc wWKqvi Kiv Riix|
WKzgU UvBc wWKqvi Kivi Rb GBPwUGgGj Gi <!DOCTYPE> eeZ nq| Ze, GwU GBPwUGgGj
Gi Kvb UvM bq| GwU GBPwUGgGj cBR Gi iZ (<html> UvM Gi c_g) Dj- L KiZ nq|
D`vniY t
wP : 2.11.1 (WKzgU UvBc wWKqvikb)|
2.11.1 t HMTL 4.01 fvmb WKzgU UvBc wWKqvi Kiv

HTML 4.01 G wZbfve WKzgU UvBc wWKqvi Kiv nq|
2.11.1.1 t Strict
GBPwUGgGj 4.01 fvmb Dchy WKzgU digvU GwU| Kvb WwcKUW UvM, AvwUweDU, dgmU GB
WKzgU digvU eenvihvM bq| GwU jLvi wbqg t
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
2.11.1.2 t Transitional
AbK mgq AvcbvK Avcbvi IqecBR WwcKUW AvwUweDU, UvM eenvii cqvRb nZ cvi| m
GB WKzgU UvBcwU Dj- L KiZ nq|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
2.11.1.3 t Frameset
dgmU eenvi Ki IqecBR ZwiZ GB WKzgU UvBcwU Dj- L KiZ nq|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
2.11.2 t HMTL 5 fvmb WKzgU UvBc wWKqvi Kiv

HTML 5 G wbgv cwZZ WKzgU UvBc Dj- L KiZ nq|
<!DOCTYPE html>
38
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
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we t ` t GBPwUGgGj 5 G Kvb cKvi WwcKUW UvM, AvwUweDU mgw_Z bq|
39
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
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40
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
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Aavq-3
HTML BwjgUm
(Elements)
3.1 t HTML BwjgU (Elements)

41
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BwjgU ejZ hLb GBPwUGgGj Gi Kvb UvM Gi cwic~Y eenvi nq, ZLb H cyiv UvM Gi eenviK GKwU
BwjgU ej| hgb t- <p> GKwU UvM| hLb GB p UvMwUi m~Y eenvi ne, ZLb cyiv welqwU wgj GwU
ne p BwjgU|
wP : 3.1.1 (p BwjgU)|
1) GLvb <p> nQ Icwbs UvM
2) This is Paragraph Text nQ p UvM Gi KbUU
3) Ges </p> nQ KvwRs UvM
GLb GB cyiv welqwU wgj GwUK ejv ne <p> BwjgU|
wbP Aviv wKQz D`vniY Gi gvag welqwU mK cwivi nIqv hvK -
wP : 3.1.2 (h1 BwjgU)|
wP : 3.1.3 (html BwjgU)|

42
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wP : 3.1.4 (html, body Ges p BwjgU)|
wP : 3.1.5 (html, body, p Ges a BwjgU)|
3.1.1 t BwjgU Gi MVb

1) Icwbs UvM w`q i nZ ne
2) KvwRs UvM eenvi Ki kl KiZ ne
3) Icwbs Ges KvwRs UvM Gi wfZi Abvb UvM/BwjgU A_ev KbUU _vKe
4) GwU BwjgUK (hgb t - hr, br, img BZvw`) Icwbs UvM Gi wfZiB KvR KiZ ne
(<hr />, <br />, <img src="html.jpeg" />)|
5) cvq mKj BwjgU Gi gaB AvwUweDU eenvi nZ cvi| hgb t- <body>, <img>, <a>
<abbr> BZvw`|
43
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3.1.2 t bW GBPwUGgGj BwjgU (Nested HTML Elements)

cwZwU GBPwUGgGj WKzgU/cBR AmsL BwjgU Gi mg^q MwVZ| GBPwUGgGj Gi cvq cwZwU BwjgU
Aci Kvb BwjgUK aviY Ki Ges hLb Kvb BwjgU Aci Kvb BwjgUK aviY Ki _vK, ZLb cyiv
welqwUK Nested Element (GKvwaK BwjgU Gi eenvi) ejv nq _vK| wbP wKQz D`vniY Gi gvag
welqwU mK cwivi nIqv hvK|
wP : 3.1.2.1 (Nested Element - <head>)|

GLvb <head> BwjgUwU <title> BwjgUK aviY KiQ|
wP : 3.1.2.2 (Nested Element - <head> )|

GLvb <head> BwjgUwU <meta> Ges <title> BwjgUK aviY KiQ|
wP : 3.1.2.3 ( Nested Element - <body> )|

44
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GLvb <body> BwjgUwU <p> BwjgUK aviY KiQ|
wP : 3.1.2.4 (Nested Element - <body>)|

GLvb <body> BwjgUwU <h1> Ges <p> BwjgUK aviY KiQ|
wP : 3.1.2.5 (Nested Element - <html>)|

GLvb <html> BwjgUwU <body>, <h1> Ges <p> BwjgUK aviY KiQ|
3.1.3 t HTML Gi cavb BwjgUmg~n

cwZwU GBPwUGgGj cBR ZwiZ cavb PviwU BwjgU eeZ nq, hjv bv njB bq| GB BwjgUjv
njv t
1.
2.
3.
4.
<html>
<head>
<title>
<body>
45
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3.1.3.1 t <html> Element

Kvb GBPwUGgGj WKzgU/cBR Gi cavb BwjgU nQ GB <html> BwjgU| GBPwUGgGj cBRi
mg BwjgU/KbUU GB BwjgU Gi ga Aevb Ki (!DOCTYPE ev`)| GBPwUGgGj Gi Icwbs
UvMK mevi c_g (!DOCTYPE Gi ci) Ges KvwRs UvMK mevi kl wjLZ nq| G Avgiv Kvb
IqecRi mvm KvW (Source Code) `LI welqwU mK cwivi nZ cvwi|
mvm KvW `Lv t

Kvb IqecRi mvm KvW `Lvi Rb c_g IqecRi h Kvb RvqMvq gvDmi Wvb evUb wKK Kib|
AZtci AvMZ Ackbjv _K "View Page Source" jLvwUi Dci wKK Kib|
wP : 3.1.3.1.1 (IqecRi mvm KvW `Lvi Rb cRi Dci gvDmi Wvb evUb wKK Kiv )|
Gevi wbPi wPi gZv GB cRwUi mvm KvW Pj Avme|
46
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GBPwUGgGj Gi Icwbs UvM
GBPwUGgGj Gi KvwRs UvM

wP : 3.1.3.1.2 (Kvb IqecRi mvm KvW `Lv)|
3.1.3.2 t <head> Element

Kvb IqecRi wkivbvg, IqecR msv wewfb Z_vewj, wewfb CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)
Style, Javascript KvW <head> BwjgU Gi wfZi wjLZ nq| <head> BwjgUK <html> Icwbs
UvM Gi ci-i Ges <body> Gi Icwbs UvM i nIqvi c~e-kl KiZ nq Ges <head> BwjgU
Gi Icwbs Ges KvwRs UvM (<head> </head>) Gi wfZi <head> BwjgU Gi Abvb BwjgU,Dcv`vb
(<title>, <meta>, <base> BZvw`) wjLZ nq| wbP GKwU D`vniY Gi gvag welqwU mK cwivi
nIqv hvK t
47
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<html> Gi Icwbs UvM

<head> Gi Icwbs UvM
<head> Gi KvwRs UvM

<body> Gi Icwbs UvM
wP : 3.1.3.2.1 (<head> BwjgU Gi eenvi)|

<head> BwjgU Gi wfZi eeZ Abvb BwjgUmg~n t
<title>
<style>
<base>
<link>
<meta>
<script> Ges
<noscript>
Gme welq mg~n mK Avgiv eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ Rvbev|
3.1.3.3 t <title> Element

IqecR Gi UvBUj/wkivbvg Gi Rb <title> BwjgUwU eenvi Kiv nq _vK| UvBUjK (UvBUj
BwjgU) Kvb m~Y IqecBR Dcvcb Kivi gvag wnmeI AvLvwqZ Kiv nq| UvBUj `L Kvb GKRb
wfwRUi eySZ cvib h, GwU Avmj Kvb aiYi IqemvBU| ZvQvov, mvP Bwb AcwUgvBRkb (GmBI) Gi
I UvBUj BwjgU AZ iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb Ki| IqecRi UvBUj eenvi wewfb Kkj
eenvi Kiv hZ cvi| Avi IqemvBU Ggb wewfb Kkj eenvi Ki IqemvBUK mvP Bwb iRvi
kxl wbq Avmvi Rb jLKi mvP Bwb AcwUgvBRkb Ges AvWfvW mvP Bwb AcwUgvBRkb eB
`ywU msMn Ki wbZ cvib| Kvb IqecRi UvBUj evDRvii mevi Dci c`wkZ nq| wbPi wPi gvag
Zv `Lvbv njv t
48
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wP : 3.1.3.3.1 (IqecRi UvBUj)|
3.1.3.3.1 t <title> BwjgU Gi eenvi t

<title> BwjgUK GBPwUGgGj cBRi <head> mKkb Gi wfZi wjLZ nq| wbP GKwU D`vniY Gi
gvag UvBUj BwjgU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t
wP : 3.1.3.3.1.1 (<title> BwjgU Gi eenvi)|

49
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AvDUcyU t
wP : 3.1.3.3.1.2 (<title> BwjgU eenvi Ki AvDUcyU `Lv)|
wP : 3.1.3.3.1.3 (<title> BwjgUK <head> mKkbi wfZi ivLv)|
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii HTML dvBjwUZ Avgiv <title> BwjgUK wbqgvbymvi <head> mKkb Gi wfZi iLwQ|
wP : 3.1.3.3.1.4 (<title> BwjgU Gi wfZi cRi Rb UvBUj/wkivbvg wjLv )|

IqecR Avgiv h jLvwUK UvBUj/wkivbvg wnme c`kb KivZ PvwQ, mwUK <title> Ges </title>
(<title> BwjgU) Gi wfZi ivLv nqQ|
50
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3.1.3.4 t <body> Element

Avgiv Kvb IqecRi ga hv wKQz `LZ cvB (BgR, AwWI, wfwWI, UU, wjsK BZvw`), Zv me wKQzB
GB <body> BwjgU Gi Af~| wbP GKwU D`vnib Gi gvag welqwU mK cwivi nIqv hvK -
wP : 3.1.3.4.1 (<body> BwjgU Gi Dcv`vbmg~n)|

Dcii wP gvK Kiv cwZwU Ask, A_vr Kvb IqecR `kgvb mKj wKQzB <body> BwjgU Gi Af~|
3.1.3.4.1 t <body> BwjgU Gi eenvi t

<body> BwjgUK GBPwUGgGj cBRi <head> Gi KvwRs UvM (</head>) Gi ci-Icb Ges
<html> Gi KvwRs UvM (</html>) Gi c~e-KvR KiZ nq Ges IqecR c`kbi Rb Abvb mKj
BwjgU, KbUUK <body> BwjgU Gi Icwbs Ges KvwRs UvM (<body> . . . . . </body>) Gi wfZi
ivLZ nq| wbP GKwU D`vniY Gi gvag ewW BwjgU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t
51
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wP : 3.1.3.4.1.1 (<body> BwjgU Gi eenvi)|
AvDUcyU t
Dcii dvBjwU evDRvi ivb Kivj wbPi wPi gZv AvDUcyU c`wkZ ne|
Contents
wP : 3.1.3.4.1.2 (<body> BwjgU Gi wfZii KbUUmg~n evDRvi c`wkZ nIqv )|

52
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KvW wek- lb t
wP : 3.1.3.4.1.3 ( <body> BwjgU Gi Icwbs Ges KvwRs UvM)|

Dcii wP j Kij `Lv hve h, <body> Gi Icwbs UvMK <head> Gi KvwRs UvM Gi ci Ges
<body> Gi KvwRs UvMK <html> Gi KvwRs UvM Gi c~e wjLv nqQ|
wP : 3.1.3.4.1.4 (IqemvBUi KbUUK <body> Gi Icwbs Ges KvwRs UvM Gi wfZi ivLv )|
GLvb IqemvBU c`kbi Rb KbUUmg~nK <body> BwjgU Gi wfZi jLv nqQ|
53
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3.1.3.4.1.1 t <body> BwjgU G AvwUweDU Gi eenvi

GBPwUGgGj Gi ewW BwjgU G wbgv AvwUweDUjv eeZ nq _vK|
alink
background
bgcolor
link
text Ges
vlink
3.1.3.4.1.1.1 t alink
"active link" Gi msw ic nQ "alink". GB AvwUweDU eenvi Ki wjsKi Kvjvi wbaviY Ki `qv
nq| wfwRUi hLb IqecR eeZ Kvb wjsKi Dci wKK Ki, ZLb GB AvwUweDUwU KvR Ki| A_vr,
Kvb wjsKi Dci wKK Kivi mgq "alink" AvwUweDU G eenvi Kiv KvjviwU c`wkZ ne|
Value :
alink AvwUweDU value/gvb wnme Color wbaviY Kiv nq| GBPwUGgGj G wZbfve Kvjvi wbaviY Kiv
hvq|
1. Color name (Kvjvi Gi bvg eenvi Ki - hgbt "green");
2. RGB (Red, Greeen & Blue) Code - RGB gvb, hgb t rgb (0,0,0) eenvi Ki
3. Hex (Hexadecimal) KvW eenvi Ki - hgb t- "#0000FF"|
GBPwUGgj Kvjvi wbq eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|
wjLvi wbqg t
<body alink="Color_name A_ev RGB_Code A_ev Hex_Code">
wbP alink AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t
cvMvg bs-2 (p2.html) <body> BwjgU G alink AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<body alink="red">
<p><a href="http://www.w3schools.com">W3Schools.com</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/">HTML Tutorial</a></p>
<p><b>Note:</b> If using color names, different browsers may render different
colors, and Firefox have problems if the attribute value is in RGB code (will not display
correct color).</p>
<p><b>Tip:</b> To produce equal results in all browsers, always use hex code to
specify colors.</p>
54
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<p>However, the alink attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not supported in
HTML 4.01 Strict DTD or in XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD. Use CSS instead.</p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <body alink="red"> Gi gvag alink AvwUweDU Gi fvwjD wnme jvj Kvjvi eenvi
Kiv nqQ| GLvb Avgiv Kvjvi Gi bvg Dj- L Ki KvRwU KiwQ| PvBj RGB A_ev Hexadecimal
Code eenvi KiI KvRwU KiZ cviZvg| Gi wbP <p><a href="http://www.w3schools.com">
W3Schools.com </a></p> Ges <p> <a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/">HTML
Tutorial </a></p> jvBb `ywUi gvag IqecR `ywU wjsK Zwi Kiv nqQ| (wjsK wbq eBqi cieZxZ
wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ)|
GLb cRwU evDRvi ivb Kivj wbPi wPi gZv AvDUcyU Avme|
wP : 3.1.3.4.1.1.1.1 (GBPwUGgGj cRK evDRvi kv Kivbv)|

Gevi IqecR c`wkZ wjsK `ywUi (W3Schools.com Ges HTML Tutorial) Dci wKK Kij, Gjv
jvj is (KviY, Avgvì AvwUweDU Gi fvwjD jvj isqi wQj) aviY Kie|
GLb Avwg hw` HTML Tutorial wjsKwUi Dci wKK Kwi, Zvnj `wL welqwU wK nq !!
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wP : 3.1.3.4.1.1.1.2 (HTML Tutorial wjsK wKK Kiv)|

Dcii wP j Kiv hvQ h, HTML Tutorial wjsKwUi Dci wKK KivZ GwU jvj is aviY KiQ|
Note :
*) HTML 5 - <alink> AvwUweDU mvcvU Ki bv|
*) HTML 4.01 fvmb GwUK Deprecated (AewPZ) Nvlbv Kiv nq|
*) Gi cwieZ CSS eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|
3.1.3.4.1.1.2 t background
IqecRi evKMvD BgR eenvii Rb GB AvwUweDUwU eenvi Kiv nq _vK|
Value :
background AvwUweDU Gi fvwjD/gvb wnme URL (Uniform Resource Locator), A_vr wjsK
eenvi Kiv nq| A_vr hLvb _K Avcwb BgRwU eenvi KiZ PvQb, mLvbKvi wjsK GLvb Dj- L Ki
w`Z nq| G `yB aiYi wjsK eenvi Kiv nq| h_v t
1. Absolute URL : hLb Ab Kvb IqemvBUi wjsK eenvi Kiv nq, ZLb GwUK Absolute
URL ejv nq| hgb t (www.anotherwebsite.com/images/body_image.jpeg)
2. Relative URL : hLb GKB IqemvBUi Kvb wjsK eenvi Kiv nq, ZLb GwUK Relative
URL ejv nq| hgb t (images/body_image.jpeg)
wjsK Ges BgR wbq Avgiv eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ Rvbev|
wjLvi wbqg t
<body background="URL of image">
wbP background AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t
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Absolute URL fvwjD eenvi Ki eKMvD BgR mU Kiv t

cvMvg bs-3 (p3.html) <body> BwjgU G background AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<body background="http://pubpages.unh.edu/~cas254/html.jpg">
<h1>Hello world!</h1>
<p>The background attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not supported in
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg eKMvD BgRi Rb GKwU Absolute Url "<body
background="http://pubpages.unh.edu/~cas254/html.jpg">" eenvi Kiv nqQ|
GLb cRwU evDRvi ivb Kivj wbPi gZv AvDUcyU c`wkZ ne|
wP : 3.1.3.4.1.1.2.1 (evKMvD BgR eenvi Ki cRi AvDUcyU `Lv )|

Dcii wP "HTML Logo" m^wjZ GKwU BgR Avgvì IqecRi eeKMvD `Lv hvQ|
Relative URL fvwjD eenvi Ki evKMvD BgR mU Kiv t
cvMvg bs-4 (p4.html) <body> BwjgU G background AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<body background="images/grey.jpg">
<h1>Hello Learners!</h1>
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<p>The background attribute will show a grey color image on Webpage

Background.</p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg evKMvD BgRi Rb Background AvwUweDU G GKwU Relative URL "<body
background="images/grey.jpg">" eenvi Kiv nqQ|
GLb cRwU evDRvi ivb Kivj wbPi gZv AvDUcyU c`wkZ ne|
wP : 3.1.3.4.1.1.2.2 (evKMvD G BgR eenvi Ki cRi AvDUcyU `Lv)|

Dcii wP a~mi isqi GKwU BgR Avgvì IqecRi eeKMvD `Lv hvQ
Note :
3.1.3.4.1.1.3 t bgcolor
IqecRi evKMvD Kvjvi eenvi Kivi Rb bgcolor AvwUweDUwU eenvi Kiv nq|
Value :
bgcolor AvwUweDU value/gvb wnme Color wbaviY Kiv nq| GBPwUGgGj G wZbfve Kvjvi wbaviY Kiv
hvq|
1. Color name (Kvjvi Gi bvg eenvi Ki - hgb t "green,red,yellow");
2. RGB (Red, Greeen & Blue) Code - RGB gvb, hgb t rgb(0,0,0) eenvi Ki
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wjLvi wbqg t
<body bgcolor="Color_name A_ev RGB_Code A_ev Hex_Code">
wbP bgcolor AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t

Hex_Code eenvi Ki eKMvD Gi Kvjvi wbaviY Kiv t
cvMvg bs - 5 (p5.html) <body> BwjgU G bgcolor AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body bgcolor="#A52A2A">
<h1>Hello world!</h1>
correct color).</p>
specify colors.</p>
<p>However, the bgcolor attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not
supported in HTML 4.01 Strict DTD or in XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD. Use CSS
instead.</p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg-IqecRi evKMvD G Kvjvi `qvi Rb "<body bgcolor="A52A2A">" jvBbwU
eenvi Kiv nqQ| GLvb Brown (ev`vwg) KvjviwU wbevPb Kiv nqQ Ges Kvjvi Gi Rb Hex_Code
"A52A2A" eenvi Kiv nqQ|
GLb Dcii cRwU evDRvi ivb Kivj wbPi gZv AvDUcyU c`wkZ ne|
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wP : 3.1.3.4.1.1.3.1 (evKMvD G Kvjvi mU Ki cRi AvDUcyU `Lv )|

Note :
*) HTML 5 "bgcolor" AvwUweDU mvcvU Ki bv|
*) Gi cwieZ CSS eenvi Kiv hZ cvi| (wmGmGm G cdkbvjx KvR KiZ jLKi wm Gm Gm (3)
eBwU msMn Ki wbZ cvib)|
3.1.3.4.1.1.4 t link
IqecR eeZ mKj wjsK Gi Kvjvi mU Kivi Rb GB link AvwUweDUwU eeZ nq _vK|
Value :
link AvwUweDU value/gvb wnme Color wbaviY Kiv nq| GBPwUGgGj G wZbfve Kvjvi wbaviY Kiv hvq|
1. Color name (Kvjvi Gi bvg eenvi Ki - hgbt "green,red,yellow");
wjLvi wbqg t
<body link="Color_Name A_ev RGB_Code A_ev Hex_Code">
wbP link AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t

Color_Name eenvi Ki IqecRi wjsK Gi Kvjvi wbaviY Kiv t
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cvMvg bs-6 (p6.html) <body> BwjgU G link AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<body link="red">
<p><a href="http://www.bookbd.info">BookBD</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.facebook.com">Facebook</a></p>
correct color).</p>
specify colors.</p>
<p>However, the link attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not supported
in HTML 4.01 Strict DTD or in XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD. Use CSS instead.</p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg-IqecR eeZ cwZwU wjsK Gi Kvjvi wbaviY Ki `qvi Rb "<body link="red">"
jvBbwU eenvi Kiv nqQ| GLvb green (meyR) KvjviwU wbevPb Kiv nqQ Ges Kvjvi Gi Rb
Color_Name "red" eenvi Kiv nqQ| cvMvgwUZ <p><a href="http://www.bookbd.info">
BookBD </a></p> Ges <p> <a href="http://www.facebook.com">Facebook </a></p>
jvBb `ywUi gvag IqecR `ywU wjsK Zwi Kiv nqQ| (wjsK wbq eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv
Kiv nqQ)|
wP : 3.1.3.4.1.1.4.1 (<body> BwjgU G link AvwUweDU eenvi Ki AvDUcyU `Lv)|

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Dcii wP j Kij `Lv hve h, Avgvì cR BookBD Ges Facebook bvg h `ywU wjsK eenvi
Kiv nqQ, <body link="red"> jvBbwU eenvii KviY mjv jvj isq c`wkZ nQ|
Note :
*) HTML 5 "link" AvwUweDU mvcvU Ki bv|
3.1.3.4.1.1.5 t text
IqecR eeZ mKj UU Gi Kvjvi mU Kivi Rb GB text AvwUweDUwU eeZ nq _vK|
Value :
text AvwUweDU value/gvb wnme Color wbaviY Kiv nq| GBPwUGgGj G wZbfve Kvjvi wbaviY Kiv hvq|
GBPwUGgGj Kvjvi wbq eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|
wjLvi wbqg t
<body text="Color_Name A_ev RGB_Code A_ev Hex_Code">
wbP text AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t

Hex_Code eenvi Ki IqecRi UU Gi Kvjvi wbaviY Kiv t
cvMvg bs-7 (p7.html) <body> BwjgU G text AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<body text=" #FFD700">
correct color).</p>
specify colors.</p>
<p>However, the link attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not supported
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
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Dcii cvMvg -IqecR eeZ cwZwU UU Gi Kvjvi wbaviY Ki `qvi Rb "<body text="
#FFD700">" jvBbwU eenvi Kiv nqQ| GLvb gold (mvbvjx) KvjviwU wbevPb Kiv nqQ Ges Kvjvi Gi
Rb Hex_Code "#FFD700" eenvi Kiv nqQ|
wP : 3.1.3.4.1.1.5.1 (<body> BwjgU link AvwUweDU eenvi Ki AvDUcyU `Lv)|

Dcii wP j Kij `Lv hve h, Avgvì IqecRi mKj UU Gi Kvjvi mvbvjx isqi `Lv
hvQ|
3.1.3.4.1.1.6 t vlink
Visited link Gi msw ic nQ vlink. Visited link ejZ h mKj wjsK c~e wfwRU Kiv nqQ/wKK
Kiv nqQ, m mKj wjsK Gi Kvjvi vlink AvwUweDU Gi gvag wbaviY Ki `qv hvq|
Value :
text AvwUweDU value/gvb wnme Color wbaviY Kiv nq| GBPwUGgGj G wZbfve Kvjvi wbaviY Kiv hvq|
1. Color name (Kvjvi Gi bvg eenvi Ki - hgb t "green, red, yellow");
GBPwUGgGj Kvjvi wbq eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|
wjLvi wbqg t
<body vlink="Color_Name A_ev RGB_Code A_ev Hex_Code">
wbP vlink AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t

Color_Name eenvi Ki IqecRi wfwRUW wjsK Gi Kvjvi wbaviY Kiv t
cvMvg bs-8 (p8.html) <body> BwjgU G vlink AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
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<html>
<body vlink="yellow">
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com"> Youtube </a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.twitter.com"> Twitter </a></p>
correct color).</p>
specify colors.</p>
<p>However, the vlink attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not supported
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg-wfwRUW wjsKmg~ni Kvjvi wbaviY Ki `qvi Rb "<body vlink="yellow">" jvBbwU
eenvi Kiv nqQ| GLvb yellow (njy`) KvjviwU wbevPb Kiv nqQ Ges Kvjvi Gi Rb Color_Name
"yellow" eenvi Kiv nqQ|
GLb Dcii cvMvgwU evDRvi ivb Kivj wbPi gZv AvDUcyU c`wkZ ne|
wP : 3.1.3.4.1.1.6.1 (<body> BwjgU link AvwUweDU eenvi Ki AvDUcyU `Lv)|
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Dcii wP Youtube Ges Twitter h `ywU wjsK `Lv hvQ, mjvi Kvjvi bxj `Lv hvQ| wK Avgiv
Avgvì cvMvg njy` Kvjvi eenvi KiwQjvg| Gi KviY nQ, GB wjsKjv GLbv wfwRU/wKK Kiv nqwb|
Avi wWdfve wjsK Gi Kvjvi bxj _vK| Gme welq mK Avgiv GBPwUGgGj wjsK mKkb wevwiZ
Rvbev|
GLb Dcii wjsK `ywUi h Kvb GKwUi (Twitter) Dci wKK Kwi Ges cybivq GB cRwUZ wdi Avwm|
Zvnj Avgiv wbPi wPi gZv D Twitter wjsKwUi Kvjvi cwieZb (njy` Kvjvi) `LZ cvev|
wP : 3.1.3.4.1.1.6.2 (wfwRU nIqvi ci wjsK Gi Kvjvi cwieZb)|

Dcii wP j Kij `Lv hve h, wfwRU Kivi ci Twitter jLv wjsKwUi wWd Kvjvi (bxj) cwieZb
nq njy` Kvjvi c`wkZ nQ|
Note :
*) HTML 5 "link" AvwUweDU mvcvU Ki bv|
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GBPwUGgGj UU digvwUs
(HTML Text Formatting)
Avgiv hLb Kvb IqemvBU wfwRU Kwi, ZLb mLvb wewfb aiYi UU (jLv) `LZ cvB| wewfb aiYi
UU ejZ - UUK wewfbfve mvRvbv nq _vK| hgb t jLvK ev Kiv, AvvijvBb Kiv, cvivMvd
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AvKvi wjLv, jLvi Kvjvi cwieZb Kiv, dU cwieZb Kiv BZvw`| Avcbviv hviv gvBvmdU IqvW G KvR
KiQb, Zviv Rvbb - jLvK Ggb wewfb AvwK cKvk Kiv Kej wKQz Ackb wKK Kiv gv| hgb t "b"
evUb wKK Ki jLvK ev Kiv, "Font color" Ackb _K wewfb Kvjvi wbevPb Kiv, "Font size" Ackb
_K jLvi AvKvi cwieZb Kiv BZvw`| GBPwUGgGj GI welqjv AbKUv GKB, Ze cv_K njv
gvBvmdU IqvW G hgb KvRjv Avgiv wKK Ki Ki KiwQ, Avi GLvb gvbyqvjx KvW wjL wjL KiZ
ne| cqvRb ne wewfb BwjgU eenvi Kivi| eenvii w`K _K Gme BwjgUmg~nK Avevi wewfb fvM
fvM Kiv nqQ| GLb Avgiv Gme BwjgUm mK wevwiZ Rvbev|
4.1 t HTML Basic Text Formatting

4.1.1 t Heading (<h1> _K <h6>) Elements wbq AvjvPbv
Avgiv hLb c-cwKvq Kvb jLv cwo, ZLb jLvi Dci wkivbvg `L _vwK| wVK Zgwb IqemvBUI wewfb
AvwUKj, cv, BgR Avjevg BZvwì Dci wkivbvg eenvi Kiv nq _vK, hvZ Ki cvVKiv GK bRi
cyiv welqewU eyS wbZ cvi| Avi IqecR Gme welq wkivbvg eenvi Kivi GBPwUGgGj Gi
nwWs BwjgU (<h1> _K <h6>) eeZ nq _vK| GBPwUGgGj G Qq aiYi nwWs BwjgU iqQ| h_v t
1. h1 (Heading 1)
2. h2 (Heading 2)
3. h3 (Heading 3)
4. h4 (Heading 4)
5. h5 (Heading 5) I
6. h6 (Heading 6)
G evDRvi Heading 1 (<h1>) BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi jLvK mePq eo AvKvi c`wkZ Ki Ges
gvbymvi G AvKvi QvU nZ _vK| wbPi D`vniYi gvag welqwU mK cwivi nIqv hvK|
cvMvg bs-9 (p9.html) nwWs 1 Gi eenvi|
<html>
<body>
<h1> This is Heading 1 </h1>
</body>
</html>
GLb dvBjwU evDRvi ivb Kivj wbPi gZv AvDUcyU c`wkZ ne|
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wP : 4.1.1.1 (GBPwUGgGj nwWs 1 BwjgU eenvi Ki evDRvi Zvi AvDUcyU `Lv)|

<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>

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<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>
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cvMvg bs-15 (p15.html) nwWs BwjgUmg~ni eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> The example of Heading Elements </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> This is Heading 1 The largest one </h1>
<h2> This is Heading 2 The larger one </h2>
<h3> This is Heading 3 Larger than (h4,h5 & h6) </h3>
<h4> This is Heading 4 Smaller than (h3) </h4>
<h5> This is Heading 5 Larger than (h6) </h5>
<h6> This is Heading 6 The smallest one </h6>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg GBPwUGgGj Gi mKj nwWs BwjgU (<h1> _K <h6>) Gi eenvi `Lvbv nqQ|
GLvb nwWs 1 BwjgU (<h1> </h1>) Gi wfZi "This is Heading 1The largest one" jLvUzKz
evDRvi mePq eo AvKvi c`wkZ ne| nwWs 2 BwjgU (<h2> </h2>) Gi wfZi "This is Heading 2
The larger one" jLvUzKz evDRvi nwWs 1 BwjgU Gi PvBZ QvU AvKvi c`wkZ ne| Gfve
gvbymvi jLvi AvKvi QvU nq Avme|
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wP : 4.1.1.7 (GBPwUGgGj Gi mKj nwWs BwjgU eenvi Ki evDRvi Zvi AvDUcyU `Lv)|
Dci Avgiv GBPwUGgGj Gi mKj nwWs BwjgUmg~ni AvDUcyU `LZ cvwQ| GLb ck nQ, Kvb
Kvb nwWswU eenvi Kiev?? nv !! g~jZ welqei iZc~YZvi g Abymvi Gme nwWs BwjgU Gi eenvi
nq _vK| Kvb welqei cavb mKkb/wkivbvgK nwWs 1 (<h1>) BwjgU Gi ga jLv nq _vK| Zvi
Pq GKUz Kg iZc~Y mKkbK nwWs 2 (<h2>) BwjgU Gi ga jLv nq _vK| Avevi Zvi PqI GKUz
Kg iZc~Y mKkbK nwWs 3 (<h3>) BwjgU Gi ga jLv nq _vK| Ze GLvb jbxq welq nQ,
Dcii cvMvg eenvi Kiv (<h4>, <h5> Ges <h6>) nwWsmg~ni AvDUcyU AbKUv ^vfvweK UU Gi
gZvB c`wkZ nQ| G wfwRUi eySZ cvie bv h, KvbwU Avmj nwWs Avi KvbwU bigvj UU|
ZvQvov, mvP Bwb AcwUgvBRkb Gi I h_vh_ nwWs BwjgU Gi eenvi GKwU iZc~Y welq| ZvB
nwWs BwjgU eenvi h_vh_ Kkj eenvi Kiv hZ cvi| Avi Ggb wewfb Kkjmg~n jLKi mvP Bwb
AcwUgvBRkb Ges AvWfvW mvP Bwb AcwUgvBRkb eB `ywUZ I wevwiZfve Zzj aiv nqQ,
hjv Abymib Ki AvcwbI Avcbvi IqemvBUK mvP Bwb iRvi kxl wbq AvmZ cvib|
wbP nwWs BwjgU Gi Aviv GKwU D`vniY Gi gvag welqwU mK cwivi nIqv hvK t
cvMvg bs-16 (p16.html) nwWs BwjgUmg~ni eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> The example of Heading Elements </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> Web Designing </h1>
<p> To learn or work professionally as being a Web Designer, you must have the
knowledge of HTML, CSS & Photoshop at least. For further you can learn also . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . </p>
<h2> HTML (HyperText Markup Language) </h2>
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<p> HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. Developed by scientist Tim
Berners-Lee in 1990, HTML is the "hidden" code that helps us communicate with others
on the World Wide Web (WWW). </p>
<h2> CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) </h2>
<p> Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing
the presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup
language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and
XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including
plain XML, SVG and XUL. </p>
</body>
</html>
Dcii cvMvgwUZ Avwg "Web Designing" jLvwUZ nwWs 1 (<h1>) eenvi KiwQ, KviY-GB jvBbwUK
Avwg cavb wkivbvg wnme Dj- L KiZ PvwQ| cieZxZ Avwg "HTML (HyperText Markup
Language)" Ges "CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)" GB `ywU RvqMvq nwWs 2 (<h2>) eenvi KiwQ, KviYGB jLv `ywUK Avwg "Web Designing" Gi Dc-wkivbvg wnme Dj- L KiZ PvwQ| Avkv Kwi welqwU
eySZ ciQb|
wP : 4.1.1.8 (nwWs 1 Ges nwWs 2 BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
"Web Designing" jLvwUZ nwWs 1 eenvi Kivi KviY GwU evDRvi mePq eo AvKvi c`wkZ nQ|
Abw`K, "HTML (HyperText Markup Language)" Ges "CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)" jLv
`y'wUZ nwWs 2 eenvi Kivi KviY GwU evDRvi nwWs 1 Gi PvBZ wKQzUv QvU AvKvi c`wkZ nQ|
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4.1.1.1 t.Heading BwjgU G AvwUweDU Gi eenvi

Heading BwjgU G eeZ AvwUweDUmg~ni eenvi mK wbP AvjvPbv Kiv nj t
4.1.1.1.1 t align
Alignment Gi msw ic nQ align. nwWsmg~ni w`K wb`k Kivi Rb align AvwUweDU eenvi nq
_vK|
Value :
align AvwUweDU value/gvb wnme wewfb w`K wb`k Kiv nq _vK| Gjv njv t
1. left : wWdfve left fvwjD wbaviY Kiv _vK| left fvwjD eenvi evDRvii evg w`K _K
nwWs i ne|
2. right : right fvwjD eenvi evDRvii Wvb w`K _K nwWs i ne|
3. center : center fvwjD eenvi evDRvii gvSLvb _K nwWs i nq|
4. justify : Gi eenvi wbq Avgiv cieZxZ AvjvPbv Kiev| Kbbv, nwWs BwjgU Gi
GwU KLbvB eeZ nq bv|
wjLvi wbqg t
<h1-h6 align="left A_ev right A_ev center A_ev justify">
wbP align AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t
t left
cvMvg bs-17 (p17.html) align AvwUweDU G left fvwjD Gi eenvi|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Align Attribute in HTML Heading Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="left"> Left Alignment </h1>
<p> The Heading Text will be displayed as Left-aligned in Browser. </p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
74
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Dcii cvMvg <h1 align="left"> eenvi GB nwWs Gi wfZi Gi jLvUzKz evDRvi Gi evg w`K _K
c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.1.1.1.1.1.1 (align AvwUweDU left fvwjD eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
Dcii wP Left Alignment nwWsUzKzK Avgiv evDRvi Gi evg w`K `LZ cvwQ-Kbbv, align
AvwUweDU Gi value/gvb left eenvi Kiv nqQ|
4.1.1.1.1.2 t right
cvMvg bs-18 (p18.html) align AvwUweDU G right fvwjD Gi eenvi|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="right"> Right Alignment </h1>
<p> The Heading Text will be displayed as Right-aligned in Browser. </p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY
Dcii cvMvg <h1 align="right"> eenvi GB nwWs Gi wfZi Gi jLvUzKz evDRvi Gi Wvb w`K _K
c`wkZ ne|
75
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wP : 4.1.1.1.1.2.1 (align AvwUweDU right fvwjD eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
Dcii wP Right Alignment nwWsUzKzK Avgiv evDRvi Gi Wvb w`K `LZ cvwQ-Kbbv, align
AvwUweDU Gi value/gvb right eenvi Kiv nqQ|
4.1.1.1.1.3 t center
cvMvg bs-19 (p19.html) align AvwUweDU G center fvwjD Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Center Alignment </h1>
<p> The Heading Text will be displayed as Center-aligned in Browser. </p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lb
Dcii cvMvg <h1 align="center"> eenvi GB nwWs Gi wfZi Gi jLvUzKz evDRvi Gi gvSLvb _K
c`wkZ ne|
76
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wP : 4.1.1.1.1.3.1 (align AvwUweDU center fvwjD eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
Dcii wP Center Alignment nwWsUzKzK Avgiv evDRvi Gi gvSLvb `LZ cvwQ-Kbbv, align
AvwUweDU Gi value/gvb center eenvi Kiv nqQ|
Note :
4.1.2 t Paragraph (<p>) Element wbq AvjvPbv

IqecR jLvK cvivMvd AvKvi jLvi Rb <p> BwjgU eeZ nq _vK| IqecRi wewfb WKzgU
Z_v jLvjwLi Rb mvaviYZ <p> BwjgUwU eeZ nq _vK| wbP cvivMvd BwjgU Gi eenvi `Lvbv
njv t
cvMvg bs-20 (p20.html) Paragraph BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<body>
<p> This is Paragraph </p>
</body>
</html>
GLb cvMvgwU evDRvi ivb Kivj wbPi wPi gZv AvDUcyU Avme|
wP : 4.1.2.1 (cvivMvd BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|

77
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cvMvg bs-21 (p21.html) Paragraph BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> The example of Paragraph Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Paragraph Element </h1>
<p> This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is a
paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is a
paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is a
paragraph. This is a paragraph. </p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <h1 align="center"> eenvi Ki GKwU nwWs BwjgU eenvi Kiv nqQ, hwU evDRvii
gvSLvb _K c`wkZ ne| Ges wbP cvivMvd (<p>) BwjgU Gi gvS wKQz jLv nqQ, hv evDRvi
cvivMvd AvKvi c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.1.2.2 (cvivMvd BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.1.2.1 t.Paragraph BwjgU G AvwUweDU Gi eenvi

Paragraph BwjgU G eeZ AvwUweDUmg~ni eenvi mK wbP AvjvPbv Kiv nj t
4.1.2.1.1 t align AvwUweDU

Alignment Gi msw ic nQ align. cvivMvd Gi w`K wb`k Kivi Rb align AvwUweDU eenvi nq
_vK|
Value :
78
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cvivMvd i ne|
2. right : right fvwjD eenvi evDRvii Wvb w`K _K cvivMvd i ne|
3. center : center fvwjD eenvi evDRvii gvSLvb _K cvivMvd i ne|
4. justify : Kvb cv/AvwUKj jLvi Rb mePq fvjv digvU GwU| Gi gvag jLvjv
evg w`K _K i nq Ges cwZwU jvBb i _K kl ch mgvb _vK|
wjLvi wbqg t
<p align ="left A_ev right A_ev center A_ev justify">
wbP align AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t

t left
cvMvg bs-22 (p22.html) align AvwUweDU G left fvwjD Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Align Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Left Alignment in Paragraph Element </h1>
<p align="left"> This Paragraph will be displayed from left to right in browser.
</p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <h1 align="center"> eenvi GB nwWs BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi jLvUzKz evDRvi Gi
gvSLvb _K c`wkZ ne| Gi wbP cvivMvd BwjgU G left-alignment A_vr <p align="left"> eenvi
GB cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi jLvUzKz evDRvi Gi evg w`K _K c`wkZ ne|
79
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wP : 4.1.2.1.1.1.1 (align AvwUweDU left fvwjD eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
t right
cvMvg bs-23 (p23.html) align AvwUweDU G right fvwjD Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Right Alignment in Paragraph Element </h1>
<p align="right"> This Paragraph will be displayed from right to left in browser.
</p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
gvSLvb _K c`wkZ ne| Gi wbP cvivMvd BwjgU G right-alignment A_vr <p align="right">
eenvi GB GB cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi jLvUzKz evDRvi Gi Wvb w`K _K c`wkZ ne|
80
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wP : 4.1.2.1.1.2.1 (align AvwUweDU right fvwjD eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
t center
cvMvg bs-24 (p24.html) align AvwUweDU G center fvwjD Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Right Alignment in Paragraph Element </h1>
<p align="center"> This Paragraph will be displayed as center-alignment in
browser. </p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
gvSLvb _K c`wkZ ne| Gi wbP cvivMvd BwjgU G center-alignment A_vr <p align="center">
eenvi GB GB cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi jLvUzKz evDRvi Gi gvSLvb _K c`wkZ ne|
81
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wP : 4.1.2.1.1.3.1 (align AvwUweDU center fvwjD eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
t justify
cvMvg bs-25 (p25.html) align AvwUweDU G justify fvwjD Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Justify Alignment in Paragraph Element </h1>
<p align="justify"> This Paragraph will be displayed as justify-alignment in
browser. All the lines in this Paragraph will be shown in equal. This Paragraph will be
displayed as justify-alignment in browser. All the lines in this Paragraph will be shown in
equal. This Paragraph will be displayed as justify-alignment in browser. All the lines in
this Paragraph will be shown in equal. This Paragraph will be displayed as justifyalignment in browser. All the lines in this Paragraph will be shown in equal. This
Paragraph will be displayed as justify-alignment in browser All the lines in this
Paragraph will be shown in </p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
gvSLvb _K c`wkZ ne| Gi wbP cvivMvd BwjgU G justify-alignment A_vr <p align="justify">
eenvi GB GB cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi cwZwU jvBb i _K kl ch mgvb _vKe|
82
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wP : 4.1.2.1.1.4.1 (align AvwUweDU justify fvwjD eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
Note :
*) HTML 5 - <align> AvwUweDU mvcvU Ki bv|
4.1.2.1.2 t style AvwUweDU

HTML cR GK jvBb wewk Kvb BwjgU vBj (Inline CSS) cqvM Kivi Rb style AvwUweDU
eenvi Kiv nq _vK|
Value :
style AvwUweDU value/gvb wnme CSS ccvwU I fvwjD eeZ nq| CSS mK cwic~Y AwfZv
ARbi Rb jLKi wmGmGm (3) Av wWf eBwU msMn Ki wbZ cvib|
wjLvi wbqg t
<p style="CSS Property:Value; CSS Property2:Value2; CSS Property3:Value3;">
GLvb CSS Property:CSS Value Gi gvS GKwU Kvjb eenvi KiZ nq Ges GKvwaK UgvU (ccvwU
I fvwjD) _vKj Gì mwg-Kvjb w`q c_K KiZ nq|
wbP style AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t

cvMvg bs-26 (p26.html) cvivMvd BwjgU vBj AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Style Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Use of Style Element </h1>
83
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<p style="color:red;"> This Paragraph will be shown as Red color. This

Paragraph will be shown as Red color. This Paragraph will be shown as Red color. This
Paragraph will be shown as Red color. </p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <p style="color:red;"> eenvi GB cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi jLvUzKz evDRvi
jvj Kvjvi c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.1.2.1.2.1 (cvivMvd BwjgU style AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv )|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color:red; text-align:center"> This Paragraph will be shown as Red
color and Center-aligned. This Paragraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned
This Paragraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned This Paragraph will be
shown as Red color and Center-aligned This Paragraph will be shown as Red color and
84
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Center-aligned This Paragraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned This
Paragraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned </p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <p style="color:red; text-align:center;"> eenvi GB cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi
jLvUzKz evDRvi jvj Kvjvi Ges evDRvi Gi gvSLvb _K c`wkZ ne|
4.1.2.1.2.2 (cvivMvd BwjgU style AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color:red; text-align:center; font-size:20px;"> This Paragraph will be
shown as Red color and Center-aligned & the Font size would be larger than normal. This
Paragraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned & the Font size would be larger
than normal. This Paragraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned & the Font
size would be larger than normal. </p>
</body>
</html>
85
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KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <p style="color:red; text-align:center; font-size:20px;"> eenvi GB cvivMvd
BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi jLvUzKz evDRvi jvj Kvjvi Ges evDRvi Gi gvSLvb _K c`wkZ ne Ges Gi
wfZii UU Gi mvBR ne 20 wcj| (Font BwjgU wbq Avgiv eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv
Kiev|
wP : 4.1.2.1.2.3 (cvivMvd BwjgU style AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv )|
<head>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color:red; text-align:center; text-transform:capitalize;"> This Paragraph
will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned & all the 1st letters of every words will be
capitalized. This Paragraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned & all the 1st
letters of every words will be capitalized. </p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <p style="color:red; text-align:center; text-transform:capitalize;"> eenvi GB
cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi jLvUzKz evDRvi jvj Kvjvi Ges evDRvi Gi gvSLvb _K c`wkZ ne Ges
Gi wfZii cwZwU IqvW/ki c_g Ai eo nvZi ne|
86
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wP : 4.1.2.1.2.4 (cvivMvd BwjgU style AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.1.2.1.3 t dir AvwUweDU

Direction Gi msw ic nQ dir. Kvb BwjgU Gi wfZii KbUU Gi w`K wb`k Kivi Rb dir
AvwUweDU eenvi nq _vK|
Value :
align AvwUweDU value/gvb wnme `ywU w`K wb`k Kiv nq _vK| Gjv njv t
1. ltr : wWdfve GwU wbaviY Kiv _vK| ltr fvwjD eenvi evDRvii evg w`K _K jLv i
nq|
2. rtl : rtl fvwjD eenvi evDRvii Wvb w`K _K jLv i nq| g~jZ Aviex, D`~ fvlv jLvi
GB fvwjD eenvi Kiv nq _vK|
jLvi wbqg t
<p dir="ltr A_ev rtl">
wbP dir AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t

4.1.2.1.3.1 t ltr
cvMvg bs-30 (p30.html) align AvwUweDU G ltr fvwjD Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Dir Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Left to Right Direction in Paragraph Element </h1>
<p dir="ltr"> This Paragraph will be displayed from left to right in browser. </p>
</body>
</html>
87
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KvW wek- lY t
Gi wbP cvivMvd BwjgU G Right to Left Direction A_vr <p dir="rtl"> eenvi GB GB cvivMvd
BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi jLvUzKz evDRvi Gi evg w`K _K Wvb w`K c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.1.2.1.3.1.1 (cvivMvd BwjgU dir AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.1.2.1.3.2 t rtl
cvMvg bs-31 (p31.html) align AvwUweDU G rtl fvwjD Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Dir Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Right to Left Direction in Paragraph Element </h1>
<p dir="rtl"> This Paragraph will be displayed from right to left in browser. </p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg cvivMvd BwjgU G Right to Left Direction A_vr <p dir="rtl"> eenvi GB GB
cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi jLvUzKz evDRvi Gi Wvb w`K _K evg w`K c`wkZ ne|
88
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
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wP : 4.1.2.1.3.2.1 (cvivMvd BwjgU dir AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
Dciv AvwUweDUmg~n QvovI cvivMvd BwjgU G Aviv Abvb AvwUweDU eeZ nq _vK| cieZxZ
Avgiv Gjvi eenvi `Lev|
4.1.3 t bb ewKs m ( ) Gi eenvi

GBPwUGgGj G GKwUi ewk m KvDU/MbYv Kiv nq bv| A_vr HTML GwWUi Kvb WKzgU/cvMvg
jLvi mgq GKvwaK m eenvi Kiv njI, evDRvi Kej GKwU gv m Gi eenvi j Kiv hvq| GK
nvqvBU m Kjvws (White Space Collapsing) ev nvqvBU m Gi cZb ejv nq| wbPi D`vniYwU
`Lv hvK|
cvMvg bs-32 (p32.html) cvMvg GKvwaK m Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Non-Breaking Space </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> White Space Collapsing! </h1>
<p> The
browser will show
only one space instead
of
using extra spaces in
HTML Editor.
The browser
will
show only one space
instead of
using
extra spaces in
HTML Editor. The browser will show
only one space
instead of
using extra spaces in HTML
Editor.</p>
</body>
</html>
89
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KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvgwUZ j Kij `Lv hve h, cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi GK IqvW _K Ab IqvW Gi ga
AbKjv m eenvi Kiv nqQ, wK evDRvi Kejgv GKwU Ki m c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.1.3.1 (cvMvg GKvwaK m eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|

GLb GB Aev _K gyw cZ Avgvì cvMvg bb-ewKs m ( ) Gi eenvi KiZ ne| GwU
GBPwUGgGj Gi Kvb UvM/BwjgU bq, GwUK HTML Entity ejv nq| Ggb Aviv AbK Entity
IqecR eenvii cqvRb nq| cieZxZ Avgiv G mK wevwiZ Rvbev|
GLb Avgiv cvMvg bb-ewKs m Gi eenvi `Lev t
cvMvg bs-33 (p33.html) cvMvg Gi eenvi|
<html>
<body>
<p> S P
A C
E </p>
</body>
</html>
wP : 4.1.3.2 (cvMvg bb-ewKs m GbwUwU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|

90
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
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cvMvg bs-34 (p34.html) cvMvg bb-ewKs m GbwUwU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Non-Breaking Space </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Non-Breaking Space Entity! </h1>
<p> The Non-Breaking Space Entity creates extra space for displaying in
webpages. </p>
<p> The Non Breaking
Space. </p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvgwUZ j Kij `Lv hve h, wZxq cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi KZjv bb-ewKs m
( ) Gi eenvi Kiv nqQ| Gjv evDRvi AwZwi m Zwi Kie|
wP : 4.1.3.3 (cvMvg bb-ewKs m GbwUwU Gi eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.1.4 t jvBb eK (<br />) Element wbq AvjvPbv

nvqvBU m Gi gZv jvBb eKI GBPwUGgGj G KvDU/MbYv Kiv nq bv| GBPwUGgGj GwWUi jvBb eK
(Kx-evW _K Enter evUb cm Kiv) eenvi Kiv njI evDRvi Gi eenvi j Kiv hvq bv, G
Kejgv GKwU m Gi eenvi j Kiv hvq| hgb t Avwg hw` GBPwUGgGj Gi gvag GKwU KweZv wjLZ
PvB, Ze AvgvK mvaviYZ wbPi gZv cvMvg wjLZ ne|
91
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
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cvMvg bs-35 (p35.html) cvMvg GKvwaK jvBb eenvi Kiv|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Line Break Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Line Break Collapsing! </h1>
<p>
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.
My Bonnie lies over the sea.
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.
Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.
</p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvgwUZ j Kij `Lv hve h, cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi GKvwaK jvBb eenvi Kiv nqQ|
wK GwU evDRvi ivb Kivj Gme jvBb ewKs Kvb KvR Avme bv, Gme jvBb ewKs Gi wecixZ Kejgv
GKwU m Gi eenvi j Kiv hve|
wP : 4.1.4.1 (cvMvg jvBb eK eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|

GLb GB Aev _K gyw cZ Avgvì cvMvg jvBb eK BwjgU (<br />) Gi eenvi KiZ ne| GwU
GKwU GwU BwjgU|
GLb Avgiv cvMvg jvBb eK BwjgU Gi eenvi `Lev t
92
GBP wU Gg Gj 5
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cvMvg bs-36 (p36.html) cvMvg jvBb eK BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<body>
<p> Line Break <br /> Line Break <br /> Line Break <br /> Line Break <br
/> Line Break <br /> </p>
</body>
</html>
wP : 4.1.4.2 (cvMvg jvBb eK BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|

cvMvg bs-37 (p37.html) cvMvg jvBb eK BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Line Break Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Poem Writing using Line Break Element! </h1>
<p>
My Bonnie lies over the ocean. <br />

My Bonnie lies over the sea. <br />
My Bonnie lies over the ocean. <br />
</p>
Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me. <br />
</body>
</html>
93
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KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvgwUZ j Kij `Lv hve h, cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi KZjv jvBb eK BwjgU eenvi
Kiv nqQ| Gjv evDRvi GKwU Ki bZzb jvBb Zwi Kie|
wP : 4.1.4.3 (cvMvg jvBb eK BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.1.5 t Preformatted (<pre>) Element wbq AvjvPbv

cvMvg bb-ewKs m Avi jvBb eK eenvi KiZ KiZ GZb nqZv ev gnvM iPbv Ki djQb|
welqwU AbK Svgjvi I eU| Avi GB mgmv _K gyw cZ <pre> BwjgUwU eenvi Kiv hZ cvi| GB
BwjgU Gi wfZii cwZwU m I jvBb eK evDRvi c`wkZ nq| wbP Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t
cvMvg bs-38 (p38.html) cvMvg wc-digvUW BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Preformatted Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Count each Space & Line Break using Preformatted Element
!! </h1>
<pre>
</pre>
</body>
First
Line
Second
Line
Third
Line
Fourth
Line
</html>
94
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KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvgwUZ j Kij `Lv hve h, PviwU Avjv`v-Avjv`v jvBb wKQz jLv nqQ, Ges cwZwU jvBb
UU Gi ga wKQz m eenvi Kiv nqQ| GB KbUUjvK wc-digvUW UvM Gi gvag jLvq Gi
cwZwU jvBb eK I m evDRvi c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.1.5.1 (cvMvg wc-digvUW BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.1.6 t Font (<font>) Element wbq AvjvPbv

IqecRi UU Gi Kvjvi, mvBR, wewfb dU wbq KvR Kivi Rb GB BwjgUwU eeZ nq _vK|
4.1.6.1 t.Font BwjgU G AvwUweDU Gi eenvi

Font BwjgU G eeZ AvwUweDUmg~ni eenvi mK wbP AvjvPbv Kiv nj t
4.1.6.1.1 t color AvwUweDU

GB AvwUweDU eenvi Ki UU Gi Kvjvi wbaviY/cwieZb Kiv nq|
Value :
color AvwUweDU value/gvb wnme Color wbaviY Kiv nq| GBPwUGgGj G wZbfve Kvjvi wbaviY Kiv
hvq|
wjLvi wbqg t
<font color="Color_name A_ev RGB_Code A_ev Hex_Code">
wbP color AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t

95
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Hex_Code eenvi Ki UU Gi Kvjvi wbaviY Kiv t

cvMvg bs-39 (p39.html) <font> BwjgU G color AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Color Attribute in HTML Font Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> Set Text/Font Color using Hex_Code! </h1>
<font color="#FFA500"> This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This
Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This Font/Text will be displayed as
Orange Color. This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This Font/Text
will be displayed as Orange Color.</font>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg dU/UU Gi Kvjvi wbaviY Kivi Rb <font color="#FFA500"> jvBbwU eenvi Kiv|
GLvb Orange (Kgjv) KvjviwU wbevPb Kiv nqQ Ges Kvjvi Gi Rb Hex_Code "#FFA500" eenvi
Kiv nqQ|
wP : 4.1.6.1.1.1 (dU BwjgU color AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
96
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Color_Name eenvi Ki UU Gi Kvjvi wbaviY Kiv t

cvMvg bs-40 (p40.html) <font> BwjgU G color AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Color Attribute in HTML Font Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> Set Text/Font Color using Color_Name! </h1>
<font color="Orange"> This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This
Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This Font/Text will be displayed as
Orange Color. This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This Font/Text
will be displayed as Orange Color.</font>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg dU/UU Gi Kvjvi wbaviY Kivi Rb <font color="Orange"> jvBbwU eenvi KKiv
nqQ Ges Kvjvi Gi Rb Color_Name "Orange" eenvi Kiv nqQ|
wP : 4.1.6.1.1.2 (dU BwjgU color AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
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4.1.6.1.2 t face AvwUweDU

wewfb iKgi dU hgb :- Arial, Calbiri, Courier, Times New Roman BZvw` eenvi Kivi Rb dU
BwjgU G GB AvwUweDU Gi eenvi nq _vK| Gme dU eenvi dU/UU Gi AvDUjyK cwieZb nq|
Value :
face AvwUweDU value/gvb wnme wewfb dU eeZ nq| wewfb dU eenvi dU/UU Gi vBj wewfb
nq _vK|
wjLvi wbqg t
<font face="Font_Name">
wbP face AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t

cvMvg bs-41 (p41.html) <font> BwjgU G face AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Face Attribute in Font Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Set different types of Fonts using Face Attribute !</h1>
<font face="Times New Roman"> <p> This is a paragraph, shown in the Times
New Roman font.</p> </font>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg dU dm AvwUweDU dU wnme "Times New Roman" dUwU eenvi Kiv nqQ|
wP : 4.1.6.1.2.1 (dU BwjgU face AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
98
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cvMvg bs-42 (p42.html) <font> BwjgU G face AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Face Attribute in Font Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Set different types of Fonts using Face Attribute !</h1>
<font face="Arial"> <p> This is a paragraph, shown in the Arial font.</p>
</font>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg dU dm AvwUweDU dU wnme "Arial" dUwU eenvi Kiv nqQ|
wP : 4.1.6.1.2.2 (dU BwjgU face AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.1.6.1.3 t size AvwUweDU

IqecR UU Gi mvBR/AvKvi wbaviY/cwieZb Kivi Rb dU BwjgU G GB AvwUweDU eenvi nq
_vK|
Value :
size AvwUweDU value/gvb wnme bv^vi/msLv eeZ nq| Gi gvb mvaviYZ 1 _K 7 ch nq _vK Ges
evDRvi Gi ^vfvweK gvb nQ "3"|
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wjLvi wbqg t
<font size="1-7">
wbP size AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t

cvMvg bs-43 (p43.html) <font> BwjgU G size AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Size Attribute in Font Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Set Fonts Size using Size Attribute !</h1>
<font size="5"> This line should be displayed larger than normal size. </font>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg dU mvBR AvwUweDU dU Gi mvBR/AvKvi wnme 5 eenvi Kiv nqQ| GZ Ki evDRvi
dU Gi mvBR ^vfvweK Gi PvBZ wKQzUv eo `Lv hve|
wP : 4.1.6.1.3.1 (dU BwjgU size AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
100
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cvMvg bs-44 (p44.html) <font> BwjgU G size AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of Size Attribute in Font Element </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Set Fonts Size using Size Attribute !</h1>
<font size="2"> This line should be displayed smaller than normal size.
</font>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg dU mvBR AvwUweDU dU Gi mvBR/AvKvi wnme 2 eenvi Kiv nqQ| GZ Ki evDRvi
dU Gi mvBR ^vfvweK Gi PvBZ wKQzUv QvU `Lv hve|
wP : 4.1.6.1.3.2 (dU BwjgU size AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
Note :
*) HTML 5 - <font> BwjgU I Gi mKj AvwUweDU mvcvU Ki bv|
*) HTML 4.01 fvmb GjvK Deprecated (AewPZ) Nvlbv Kiv nq|
101
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4.2 t HTML Presentational Elements

GBPwUGgGj G UU/jLvK wewfb AvwK cKvk Kivi Rb GmKj BwjgUjv eeZ nq _vK| hgb tjLvK ev Kiv, AvvijvBb Kiv, BZvwjK Kiv BZvw`| GBPwUGgGj G Gme BwjgUK Presentational
Elements ejv nq| GLb Avgiv GmKj BwjgU Gi eenvi `Lev t
4.2.1 t Bold <b> Element

jLvK ev/Mvp Kivi Rb GB BwjgU Gi eenvi nq _vK|
wbP Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t
cvMvg bs-45 (p45.html) cvMvg <b> BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<body>
<b> This is BOLD </b>
</body>
</html>
wP : 4.2.1.1 (ev BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|

cvMvg bs-46 (p46.html) cvMvg <b> BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
<title> Use of HTML Presentational Elements! </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Bold Element </h1>
<b> This line should be displayed as bold </b>
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</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg ev BwjgU (<b> </b>) Gi wfZii jLvUzKz evDRvi ev/Mvp AvKvi c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.2.1.2 (ev BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv )|
4.2.2 t Italic <i> Element

jLvK BZvwjK (BZvwj k hfve jLv nq _vK, GKUz evKv UvBc Gi) vBj jLvi Rb GB BwjgU Gi
eenvi nq _vK|
cvMvg bs-47 (p47.html) cvMvg <i> BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<body>
<i> This is ITALIC </i>
</body>
</html>
103
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wP : 4.2.2.1 (BZvwjK BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
cvMvg bs-48 (p48.html) cvMvg <i> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Italic Element </h1>
<i> This line should be displayed as italic </i>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg BZvwjK BwjgU (<i> </i>) Gi wfZii jLvUzKz evDRvi BZvwjK AvKvi c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.2.2.2 (BZvwjK BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.2.3 t Underline <u> Element

jLvK AvvijvBb Ki (jLvi wbP `vM Ub jLv) c`kb Kivi Rb GB BwjgU Gi eenvi nq _vK|
104
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cvMvg bs-49 (p49.html) cvMvg <u> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<body>
<u> This is Underline </u>
</body>
</html>
wP : 4.2.3.1 (AvvijvBb BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
cvMvg bs-50 (p50.html) cvMvg <u> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Underline Element </h1>
The following word would be <u> Underlined </u>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg AvvijvBb BwjgU (<u> </u>) Gi wfZii jLvUzKz (Underlined) evDRvi AvvijvBb
AvKvi c`wkZ ne|
105
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wP : 4.2.3.2 (AvvijvBb BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.2.4 t Center <center> Element

IqecBRi KbUUK evDRvi Gi gvSLvb c`kb KiZ GB BwjgUwU eeZ nq _vK|
cvMvg bs-51 (p51.html) cvMvg <center> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<body>
<center> This Line goes to center in Browser. </center>
</body>
</html>
wP : 4.2.4.1 (mUvi BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|

cvMvg bs-52 (p52.html) cvMvg <center> BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
106
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<body>
<h1 align="center"> Center Element </h1>
<center> <img src="images.jpg" /> </center>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <img sr. . . . /> Gi gvag GKwU BgR eenvi Kiv nqQ Ges GwUK mUvi BwjgU Gi
ga jLv nqQ, GZ Ki BgRwU evDRvi Gi gvSLvb c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.2.4.2 (mUvi BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.2.5 t <s> Ges <strike> Elements

Dciv <s> Ges <strike> Gi KvR GKB| Strikethrough Gi msw ic Gjv| jLvi gvS `vM
KvUvi Rb GB BwjgU `ywU eeZ nq|

cvMvg bs-53 (p53.html) cvMvg <s> Ges <strike> BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
107
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<body>
<h1 align="center"> Strikethrough Elements </h1>
<p> These Elements are not <s> available </s> in HTML 5 version </p>
<p> These Elements are not <strike> available </strike> in HTML 5 version
</p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg vBK_v BwjgU (<s> </s>) Ges
(available) Gi gvS `vM Uvbv _vKe|
(<strike> </strike>) Gi wfZii jLvUzKz
wP : 4.2.5.1 (vBK_v BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.2.6 t <tt> Element

TeleType Gi msw ic nQ tt. UUK UwjUvBc AvKvi c`kb Kivi Rb GB BwjgU Gi eenvi nq
_vK|

cvMvg bs-54(p54.html) cvMvg <tt> BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
108
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<body>
<h1 align="center"> TeleType Element </h1>
The following word would be <tt> TeleTyped </tt>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg UwjUvBc BwjgU (<tt> </tt>) Gi wfZii jLvUzKz (TeleTyped) UwjUvBc AvKvi
c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.2.6..1 (UwjUvBc BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.2.7 t <sup> Element

Superscript Gi msw ic nQ sup. GB BwjgU eenvi UU Gi mvBR ^vfvweK Gi PvBZ AaK
AvKvi c`wkZ nq| GwU Abvb UU Gi cvk GKUz Dcii w`K c`wkZ nq|
cvMvg bs-55 (p55.html) cvMvg <sup> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Superscript Element </h1>
This Book written on the 15<sup>th</sup> March.
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
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Dcii cvMvg UwjUvBc BwjgU (<sup>) Gi wfZii jLvUzKz (th) evDRvi mycviw AvKvi c`wkZ
ne|
wP : 4.2.7.1 (mycviw BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.2.8 t <sub> Element

Subscript Gi msw ic nQ sub. GB BwjgU eenvi UU Gi mvBR ^vfvweK Gi PvBZ AaK AvKvi
c`wkZ nq| GwU Abvb UU Gi cvk GKUz wbPi w`K c`wkZ nq|
cvMvg bs-56 (p56.html) cvMvg <sub> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Subscript Element </h1>
The EPR paradox< sub >2< /sub > was devised by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen.
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg mvew BwjgU (<sub>) Gi wfZii jLvUzKz (2) evDRvi mvew AvKvi c`wkZ ne|
110
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wP : 4.2.8.1 (mvew BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.2.9 t <big> Element

UUK ^vfvweK Gi PvBZ wKQzUv eo AvKvi c`kb Kivi Rb GB BwjgU Gi eenvi nq _vK|
cvMvg bs-57 (p57.html) cvMvg <big> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Big Element </h1>
The following word should be <big> bigger </big> than those around it.
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg weM BwjgU (<big>) Gi wfZii jLvUzKz (bigger) evDRvi ^vfvweK UU Gi PvBZ
wKQzUv eo AvKvi c`wkZ ne|
111
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wP : 4.2.9.1 (weM BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.2.10 t <small> Element

UUK ^vfvweK Gi PvBZ wKQzUv QvU AvKvi c`kb Kivi Rb GB BwjgU Gi eenvi nq _vK|
cvMvg bs-58 (p58.html) cvMvg <small> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Small Element </h1>
The following word should be <small> smaller </small> than those around it.
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg mvew BwjgU (<small>) Gi wfZii jLvUzKz (smaller) evDRvi ^vfvweK UU Gi
PvBZ wKQzUv QvU AvKvi c`wkZ ne|
112
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wP : 4.2.10.1 (j BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.2.11 t <hr> Element

Horizontal Gi msw ic nQ hr. IqecR Avbyf~wgK iLv Zwi Kivi Rb GB BwjgUwU eeZ nq
_vK| IqecRi KbUUmg~nK c_K Kivi RbI GwU eeZ nq| GwU GKwU GwU BwjgU| wbP Gi
eenvi `Lvbv njv t
cvMvg bs-59 (p59.html) cvMvg <hr> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> HR Element </h1>
<h1>HTML</h1>
<p>HTML is a language for describing web pages.</p>
<hr />
<h1>CSS</h1>
<p>CSS defines how to display HTML elements.</p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <p>HTML is a language for describing web pages.</p> Gi wbP GKwU <hr>
BwjgU eenvi Kiv nqQ| GZ Ki D cvivMvd Gi wbP GKwU Avbyf~wgK iLv `Lv hve|
113
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wP : 4.2.11.1 (nivBRbUvj BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.2.11.1 t align AvwUweDU

Alignment Gi msw ic nQ align. Avbyf~wgK iLvi w`K wb`k Kivi Rb align AvwUweDU eenvi nq
_vK|
Value :
Avbyf~wgK iLv i nq|
2. right : right fvwjD eenvi evDRvii Wvb w`K _K Avbyf~wgK iLv i nq|
3. center : center fvwjD eenvi evDRvii gvSLvb _K Avbyf~wgK iLv i nq|
GLvb GKwU welq jbxq h, <hr> BwjgU align AvwUweDU eenvi Kij Gi mv_ width AvwUweDU
eenvi Kivi cqvRb nq| Ab_vq Kvb cwieZb j Kiv hvq bv|
jLvi wbqg t
<hr align="left A_ev right A_ev center">
4.2.11.2 t width AvwUweDU

Avbyf~wgK iLvi ckZv wbaviY Kivi Rb GB AvwUweDU Gi eenvi nq _vK|
Value :
width AvwUweDU value/gvb wnme wcj A_ev IqecRi ckZvi Dci GKwU kZKiv gvb eenvi
Kiv nq|
wjLvi wbqg t
<hr width="50px A_ev 50%">
wbP width AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t
fvwjD wnme kZKiv gvb eenvi Kiv

114
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cvMvg bs-60 (p60.html) <hr> BwjgU G width AvwUweDU Gi eenvi Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Width Attribute in HR Element </h1>
<h1>HTML</h1>
<hr width="50%" />
<h1>CSS</h1>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <hr> BwjgU G width AvwUweDU eenvi Kiv nqQ Ges fvwjD wnme kZKiv gvb eenvi
Kiv nqQ| Kvb AvjvBbgU wbaviY Ki bv Ìqvq GwU wWdfve evDRvi Gi gvSLvb _K i ne|
115
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wP : 4.2.11.2.1 (<hr> BwjgU G width AvwUweDU Gi eenvi Gi eenvi Ki Zvi

AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
cvMvg bs-61 (p61.html) <hr> BwjgU G align Ges width AvwUweDU Gi eenvi Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Width & Align Attribute in HR Element </h1>
<h1>HTML</h1>
<hr align="left" width="50%" />
<h1>CSS</h1>
</html>
116
</body>
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KvW wek- lY t
Kiv nqQ| Abw`K align AvwUweDU Gi gvb wnme left eenvi Kiv nqQ| GZ Ki Avbyf~wgK iLvwU
evDRvi Gi evg w`K _K c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.2.11.2.2 (<hr> BwjgU G align Ges width AvwUweDU Gi eenvi Gi eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU
evDRvi `Lv)|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1>HTML</h1>
<hr align="right" width="50%" />
<h1>CSS</h1>
</html>
117
</body>
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KvW wek- lY t
Kiv nqQ| Abw`K align AvwUweDU Gi gvb wnme right eenvi Kiv nqQ| GZ Ki Avbyf~wgK iLvwU
evDRvi Gi Wvb w`K _K c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.2.11.2.3 (<hr> BwjgU G align Ges width AvwUweDU Gi eenvi Gi eenvi

Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
fvwjD wnme wcj eenvi Kiv

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1>HTML</h1>
<hr align="center" width="300px" />
<h1>CSS</h1>
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</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <hr> BwjgU G width AvwUweDU eenvi Kiv nqQ Ges fvwjD wnme wcj (300px)
eenvi Kiv nqQ| Abw`K align AvwUweDU Gi gvb wnme center eenvi Kiv nqQ| GZ Ki
Avbyf~wgK iLvwU evDRvi Gi gvSLvb _K c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.2.11.2.4 (<hr> BwjgU G align Ges width AvwUweDU Gi eenvi Gi eenvi

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1>HTML</h1>
<hr align="left" width="500px" />
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<h1>CSS</h1>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <hr> BwjgU G width AvwUweDU eenvi Kiv nqQ Ges fvwjD wnme wcj (500px)
eenvi Kiv nqQ| Abw`K align AvwUweDU Gi gvb wnme left eenvi Kiv nqQ| GZ Ki Avbyf~wgK
iLvwU evDRvi Gi evg w`K _K c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.2.11.2.5 (<hr> BwjgU G align Ges width AvwUweDU Gi eenvi Gi

eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.2.11.3 t noshade AvwUweDU

Lye fvjvfve j Kij Avgiv Avbyf~wgK iLvZ Shade/Qvqv `LZ cvev| Avi GB Shade/Qvqv gyQ mwjW
Kvjvi Gi Rb noshade AvwUweDUwU eenvi Kiv nq _vK|
wbP width AvwUweDU Gi eenvi `Lvbv njv t
cvMvg bs-65 (p65.html) <hr> BwjgU G noshade AvwUweDU Gi eenvi Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
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<body>
<h1 align="center"> Noshade Attribute in HR Element </h1>
<p>A shaded horizontal line (this is default):</p>
<hr>
<p>A noshaded horizontal line:</p>
<hr noshade />
<p>The noshade attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not supported in
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg c_g nivBRUvj jvBbwU bigvwj eenvi Kiv nqQ| GZ GKwU Qvqv j Kiv hve|
Abw`K, wZxq nivBRUvj jvBbwUZ noshade AvwUweDUwU eenvi Kiv nqQ| GZ Ki GwU mwjW Kvjvi
c`wkZ ne, A_vr Kvb Qvqv _vKe bv|
wP : 4.2.11.3.1 (<hr> BwjgU G noshade AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv )|
4.2.11.4 t size AvwUweDU

Avbyf~wgK iLvi DPZv wbaviY Kiv nq GB AvwUweDU Gi gvag|
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fvwjD t
size AvwUweDU Gi fvwjD wnme wcj eenvi Kiv nq|
cvMvg bs-66 (p66.html) <hr> BwjgU G size AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Size Attribute in HR Element </h1>
<p>A normal horizontal line:</p>
<hr />
<p>A horizontal line with a height of 30 pixels:</p>
<hr size="30" />
<p>The size attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not supported in HTML
4.01 Strict DTD or in XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD. Use CSS instead.</p>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg c_g nivBRUvj jvBbwU bigvwj eenvi Kiv nqQ| GwUi AvKvi ^vfvweK _vKe| Abw`K,
wZxq nivBRUvj jvBbwUZ size AvwUweDUwU eenvi Kiv nqQ Ges fvwjD wnme 30px eenvi Kiv
nqQ|
wP : 4.2.11.4.1 (<hr> BwjgU G size AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv )|
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4.3 t HTML Phrase Elements

GBPwUGgGj Gi GB mKkb Gi wKQz BwjgU Gi AvDUcyU cvq Presentational Elements mKkb Gi
wKQz BwjgU Gi gZvB| hgb t <b>, <i>, <tt>. Ze cv_K njv Presentational BwjgUjv Kejgv
evDRvi UU Gi wfbZv Avbvi RbB eeZ nq _vK| wK, Phrase BwjgUjv wekl wekl
eeZ nq _vK| ZvQvov mvP Bwb Gi KvQI GB BwjgUjv iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb Ki| mvP Bwb
AcwUgvBRkb Gi mKj Kkjmg~n mK jLKi mvP Bwb AcwUgvBRkb Ges AvWfvW mvP Bwb
AcwUgvBRkb eB `ywUZ mnR I wevwiZfve AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|
4.3.1 t <em> Element

Emphasis Gi msw ic nQ em. Gi A_ nQ Rvo `qv/iZ `qv| A_vr Kvb IqvW/evK
iZic cKvk Kivi Rb GB BwjgUwU eenvii cqvRb nq| GwU evDRvi BZvwjK AvKvi c`wkZ nq|
cvMvg bs-67 (p67.html) cvMvg <em> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<head>
<title> Use of HTML Phrase Elements! </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> em Element </h1>
<p> You <em> must </em> remember to close elements in HTML5 Version. </p
>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi must kwUZ <em> BwjgU eenvi Kiv nqQ|
wP : 4.3.1.1 (cvMvg <em> BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|

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4.3.2 t <strong> Element

Emphasis BwjgU Gi PvBZI ewk iZ `qv nq GB BwjgUK| GwU Kvb WKzgU/jvBb Gi mePq
iZc~Y AskUzKz wb`k KiZ eeZ nq| GwU evDRvi ev/Mvp AvKvi c`wkZ nq|
cvMvg bs-68 (p68.html) cvMvg <strong> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Strong Element </h1>
<p> HTML is <strong> mandatory </strong> for creating/building any website!!
</p >
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg cvivMvd BwjgU Gi wfZi mandatory kwUZ <strong> BwjgU eenvi Kiv nqQ|
wP : 4.3.2.1 (cvMvg <strong> BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.3.3 t <address> Element

evmvi wVKvbv / gBj AvWm/ KbUv Bbdigkb jLvi Rb GB BwjgUwU eenvi nq _vK|

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cvMvg bs-69 (p69.html) cvMvg <address> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Address Element </h1>
<address>
Name : Imran Hossain <br />
E-Mail : [email protected] <br />
Phone : 01674 977 208
</address>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg AvWm BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi UU/jLv jv evDRvi GKUz wfb AvKwZZ c`wkZ ne,
hvZ eySv hve h GwU Kviv KbUv Bbdigvkb| ZvQvov Dciv AvWm BwjgU Gi wfZi `ywU jvBb eK
BwjgU Gi eenvi nqQ, hjv evDRvi bZzb jvBb Zwi Kie|
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wP : 4.3.3.1 (cvMvg <address> BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.3.4 t <abbr> Element

Abbreviation Gi msw ic nQ abbr. Kvb ki msw ic cKvk Kivi Rb GB BwjgUwU eeZ
nq _vK|
AvwUweDU Gi eenvi t
4.3.4.1 t title AvwUweDU
<abbr> BwjgU Gi wfZi eeZ msw ki c~Yic cKvk Kivi Rb title AvwUweDU eenvi nq _vK|
Value :
UvBUj AvwUweDU Gi fvwjD wnme UU eeZ nq|
wjLvi wbqg t
<abbr title="Full meaning of Abbreviation"> Abbreviation of Word </abbr>

cvMvg bs-70 (p70.html) cvMvg <abbr> BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Abbreviation Element </h1>
<p> By marking up abbreviations you can give useful information to browsers,
spellcheckers, screen readers, translation systems and search-engines. </p>
I have a Friend called <abbr title="Mohammad"> MD </abbr> Salman.
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg Avwewfqkb BwjgU Gi wfZi MD (msw ic) jLv nqQ Ges Gi c~YicK Avwewfqkb
BwjgU Gi UvBUj AvwUweDU fvwjD wnme jLv nqQ|
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wP : 4.3.4.1.1 (cvMvg <abbr> BwjgU I Gi title AvwUweDU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
Dcii wP j Kij `Leb h, <abbr> BwjgU Gi wfZi Avgiv h MD kwU wjLwQjvg, mwU GLvb
c`wkZ nQ|
GLb Gi Dci gvDmi Kvmi wbq aij Avgiv GB kwUi c~Yic wnme <abbr> BwjgU Gi UvBUj
AvwUweDU hv wjLwQjvg, Zv c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.3.4.1.2 (title AvwUweDU Gi fvwjD c`wkZ nIqv)|

Dcii wP j Kij `Lv hve h, Avgiv UvBUj AvwUweDU Gi fvwjD wnme hv wjLwQjvg, Zv D
BPL jLvwUi Dci Kvmi aivq c`wkZ nQ|
4.3.5 t <acronym> Element

<acronym> BwjgU Gi eenvi AbKUv <abbr> Gi gZvB| Ze, cv_K njv t <abbr> BwjgU
eenvi Kiv nq, Kvb ki mswKiY Kivi Rb| Avi <acronym> BwjgU eenvi Kiv nq g~jZ Kvb
GKwU evK ev wekl Kvb welqeK mswKiY Kivi Rb|
AvwUweDU Gi eenvi t
4.3.5.1 t title AvwUweDU
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<acronym> BwjgU Gi wfZi eeZ msw ki c~Yic cKvk Kivi Rb title AvwUweDU eenvi nq
_vK|
Value :
UvBUj AvwUweDU Gi fvwjD wnme UU eeZ nq|
wjLvi wbqg t
<abbr title="Full meaning of Acronym"> The Acronym word </abbr>

cvMvg bs-71 (p71.html) cvMvg <acronym> BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Acronym Element </h1>
<p> By marking up acronyms you can give useful information to browsers,
spellcheckers, screen readers, translation systems and search-engines.
</p>
This chapter covers marking up Phrase Elements in <acronym title="HyperText
Markup Language"> HTML </acronym>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg Avvwbg BwjgU Gi wfZi HTML (msw ic) jLv nqQ Ges Gi c~YicK Avvwbg
BwjgU Gi UvBUj AvwUweDU fvwjD wnme jLv nqQ|
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wP : 4.3.5.1.1 (cvMvg <acronym> BwjgU I Gi title AvwUweDU eenvi

Dcii wP j Kij `Leb h, <acronym> BwjgU Gi wfZi Avgiv h HTML kwU wjLwQjvg,
mwU GLvb c`wkZ nQ|
GLb Gi Dci gvDmi Kvmi wbq aij Avgiv GB kwUi c~Yic (HyperText Markup Language)
wnme <acronym> BwjgU Gi UvBUj AvwUweDU hv wjLwQjvg, Zv c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.3.5.1.2 (title AvwUweDU Gi fvwjD c`wkZ nIqv)|
4.3.6 t <dfn> Element

Definition Gi msw ic nQ dfn.IqecR Kvb WKzgU/jvBb Gi ga wekl Kvb kK msvwqZ
KiZ GB BwjgUwU eeZ nq _vK| GwU evDRvi BZvwjK AvKvi c`wkZ nq|

129
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cvMvg bs-72 (p72.html) cvMvg <dfn> BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Definition Element </h1>
This book teaches you how mark up your documents for the Web using
<dfn> HTML </dfn>
This book teaches you how mark up your documents for the Web using
<dfn> HTML </dfn>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg Wwdwbkb BwjgU Gi wfZi HTML kwU jLv nqQ| GwU evDRvi BZvwjK AvKvi
c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.3.6.1 (cvMvg <dfn> BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.3.7 t <blockquote> Element

Kvb WKzgU Gi Kvb jLv/jvBb hLb Ab Kvb IqemvBU ev mvm _K Kwc Ki Avbv nq, ZLb mvaviYZ
H Kwc Kiv AskUzKzK GB BwjgU Gi gvag jLv nq _vK| <blockquote> BwjgU eenvi jLvi `yB
cvk GKwU wbw` Ask dvuKv _vK|
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cvMvg bs-73 (p73.html) cvMvg <blockquote> BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Blockquote Element </h1>
<p> The following description of HTML5 is taken from the W3C Web site: </p>
<blockquote> HTML5 is the W3Cs first Recommendation for HTML, following
on from earlier work on HTML 4.01, HTML 4.0, HTML 3.2 and HTML
2.0. </blockquote>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <blockquote> BwjgU Gi wfZi HTML5 is the W3Cs first Recommend . . . . .
. . . jLvUzKz evDRvi i Ges kli w`K wKQzUv dvuKv iL c`wkZ ne|
wP : 4.3.7.1 (cvMvg <blockquote> BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|

Dcii cvMvg Avgiv <blockquote> BwjgU Gi wfZi wKQz UU wjLwQ| GwU fvwjW wbqg bq|
cieZxZ Avgvì GB cRwU fvwjWkb Kivi mgq GwU mgmv nq `vove| ZvB c_gB GB BwjgUK
fvwjW Ki jLv DwPZ| Gi Rb GB BwjgU Gi wfZi Gi UUK Aci Kvb UU BwjgU w`q wjLZ
nq| cR fvwjWkb mK eBqi kl AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|
wbPi D`vniYwU j Kiv hvK t

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cvMvg bs-74 (p74.html) cvMvg <blockquote> BwjgU G cvivMvd BwjgU Gi eenvi|

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Blockquote Element </h1>
<blockquote>
<p> HTML5 is the W3Cs first Recommendation for HTML, following on from
earlier work on HTML 4.01, HTML 4.0, HTML 3.2 and HTML
2.0.
</p>
</blockquote>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <blockquote> BwjgUK fvwjWU Kivi Rb Gi wfZi HTML5 is the W3Cs first
Recommend . . . . . . . . jLvUzKzK cvivMvd BwjgU Gi gvag jLv nqQ|
wP : 4.3.7.2 (cvMvg <blockquote> BwjgU G cvivMvd BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi

AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
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AvwUweDU Gi eenvi t
4.3.7.1 t cite AvwUweDU
<blockquote> BwjgU Gi wfZi eeZ jLvUzKzi mvm KvW (h mvBU _K Avbv nqQ) Dj- L Kivi
Rb cite AvwUweDU Gi eenvi nq _vK|
Value :
cite AvwUweDU Gi fvwjD wnme URL (Uniform Resource Locator) eeZ nq|
wjLvi wbqg t
<blockquote cite="URL"> The Blockquote Sentence. </blockquote>

cvMvg bs-75 (p75.html) <blockquote> BwjgU G cite AvwUweDU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Cite Attribute in Blockquote Element </h1>
<blockquote cite="http://www.w3.org.markup/">
<p> HTML5 is the W3Cs first Recommendation for HTML, following on from
earlier work on HTML 4.01, HTML 4.0, HTML 3.2 and HTML
2.0.
</p>
</blockquote>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <blockquote> BwjgUi wfZi eeZ welqei mvm KvWK Dj- L Kivi Rb cite
AvwUweDU Gi eenvi Kiv nqQ| GwU evDRvi Kvb cwieZb Avbe bv|
4.3.8 t <q > Element

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Quotation Gi msw ic GwU| <q> BwjgU Gi eenvi AbKUv <blockquote> Gi gZvB| Ze cv_K
njv, Kvb e- K jvBbK KvUkb Gi gvag jLvi Rb <blockquote> BwjgU eeZ nq, Avi Kej
GKwU gv evKK KvUkb Gi gvag jLvi Rb <q> BwjgU eeZ nq|

cvMvg bs-76 (p76.html) cvMvg <q> BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Quotation Element </h1>
As The Girl said, <q> Somebodys boring me. I think its me!!</q>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <q> BwjgU Gi wfZi Somebodys bor. . . . . . . . jLvUzKzi i Ges kl DwZ wP
j Kiv hve|
wP : 4.3.8.1 (cvMvg <q> BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|
4.3.9 t <cite > Element

Citation Gi msw ic GwU| Kvb jLvK KvUkb Kivi mgq Gi mvm KvWK Dj- L Kivi Rb
mvaviYZ GB BwjgU Gi eenvi nq _vK| G cite BwjgUK <a> BwjgU Gi wfZi wjLZ nq|
<a> BwjgU mK eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| cite BwjgU Gi wfZii jLv
evDRvi BZvwjK AvKvi c`wkZ nq|

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cvMvg bs-77 (p77.html) cvMvg <cite> BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Citation Element </h1>
This line is taken from <a href=http://www.w3schools.com/> < cite > Beginning
Web Development < /cite > </a>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <cite> BwjgU Gi wfZi Beginning Web Development jLvUzKzK wjsK Kivi Rb
GB BwjgU Gi i Ges kl <a> BwjgU eenvi Kiv nqQ|
wP : 4.3.9.1 (cvMvg <cite> BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|

Dcii wP <cite> BwjgU Gi wfZii Beginning Web Development jLvUzKz AvvijvBb Ges bxj
Kvjvi Gi `Lv hvQ| <cite> BwjgU Gi iZ <a> BwjgU eenvi Kivi Kvib GgbwU `Lv hvQ|
<a> BwjgU mK eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|
4.3.10 t <code> Element

IqecR wewfb cvMvwgs KvW jLvi mgq GB BwjgUwU eeZ nq|
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cvMvg bs-78 (p78.html) cvMvg <code> BwjgU Gi eenvi|
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> Code Element </h1>
The PHP Programming Language Starts using <code> <?php </code> and
Ends using <code> ?&rt; </code>
</body>
</html>
KvW wek- lY t
Dcii cvMvg <code> BwjgU `yB evi eeZ nqQ| Gi wfZi <?php Ges ? &rt; jLv nqQ|
wcGBPwc wkL cdkbvjx Iqe WfjcgU Gi KvR KiZ jLKi wcGBPwc Av gvB GmwKDGj Ges
AvWfvW wcGBPwc eB `ywU msMn Ki wbZ cvib| GLvb < Ges > G `ywU k IqecR Less
Than mvBb Ges Greater Than mvBb c`kb Kivi Rb eenvi Kivi nqQ| GjvK HTML Entities
ejv nq| G mK eBqi cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| GLb ck nQ h, mivmwi Kb jR `b
Ges MUvi `b mvBb eenvi Kiv njv bv| Gi KviY nQ, GBPwUGgGj UvMjv GB `ywU mvBb Gi gvag
jLv nq _vK| UvM Gi evwni Gi eenvi Kiv nj g~j cvMvg G mgmv nZ cvi, ZvB GB mvBbjv
mivmwi eenvi Kiv nq bv|
wP : 4.3.10.1 (cvMvg <code> BwjgU eenvi Ki Zvi AvDUcyU evDRvi `Lv)|

Z Kij evsjv`k AvDUmvwms G kxl Pj Avme|
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1) wbiwewQb we`yr|
2) ^ g~j mevi KvQ `ZMwZ mb BUvibU cuQvbv| Ges
3) ` Rbkw Mo Zvjv|
mevei Rb BUvibU Kgmsvb ev AvDUmvwms :

BUvibU Kgmsvb Z_v BDUmvwms AvR meii gvbyli Rb Lye ewk `Zvi ìKvi ci bv| AvRKvj GB
Z_-chywi hyM K bv Rvb chywi eenvi| wbZ cqvRbxq mKj chywi eenvi Kg ewk AvQB|
myZivs Avgiv mKjB Kg ewk chywi eenvi Rvwb| Avi Gme chywMZ we`v cqvM Ki BUvibU Kgmsvb
Kiv me| ZvB mvaviY gvbylivI wbRì ^vej^x Ki ZzjZ cvib| ZvB ejv hvq-mevi Rb BUibU
Kgmsmvb|
AvDUmvwms I evsjv`k:
G `ki 70 fvM cRbB ZviY wbfi| ZvB RbmsLv G`ki Rb mgmv bq, eis m`| Ze my` Avi
ckvwfwK `Zv Qvov G RbmsLv RvZxq m` wnme KvR Avme bv| G Rb miKviK cYv`bv cvRi
cwZ iZ w`Z ne|
G`ki Drmvnx ZiYiv IWi ZvwjKvq wbRì kZ cgvb KiQ| IW Zvì Rb ^kixi mb` eq
GbQ| G mvbbvq evsjv`ki ZiYiv AviI DrmvwnZ ne| KvR D`g Avme| eZgvb mgq cyiv wekB
AvDUmvwms wbfiZv evoQ| wi Awdmi Zzjbvq GLb Pjgvb/fvPyqvj Awdm cwZB Rbwcq nq DVQ w`b
w`b| Avi evsjv`k G KvRi Rb PgrKvi cwiek iqQ| G LvZ mywbw` ccvlKZvi cqvRb AvQ|
ZiY Drmvn Pvq| Avi Zv Zvì w`Z cvij hKvb ARbB mnR nq Avme| evsjv`k MZ 3 eQi
AvDUmvwmsq wbRK iZc~Y evRvi wnme Zzj aiQ| weki Kvb `kB GLb AvDUmvwmsq
evsjv`kK LvUv Ki `L bv| eis mevP weePbvq wbqQ|
evsjv`k mK gvU Kzcvii gZvgZ:

evsjv`k wKQz w`bi mdi GmwQjb weki kxlvYxq AvDUmvwms cwZvb IWi mn-mfvcwZ gvU Kzcvi|
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