DrmM

ZviK gvmy`
I
wgK gybxi

iex`msLv
shashwatiki

mvwnZ I mswZi AaevwlKx

fv` 1418, AvM 2011
el 4, msLv 9
kvkwZKx-1

kvkwZKx-2

Gi wbevnx cwil`
mv`Kxq

mv`K
gvRvd&di nvmb
mn-mv`K
ivZzj cvj
gynv` gn`x nvmvb
mv`bv cwil`
dqmvj ivqnvb
ZvInx` cvfj
dqmvjyi ingvb
gvn&dzRyj nK RR
mvwen& nvmb ib
iRvDi ingvb wiqj
mvsMVwbK mv`K
nvmbvr kvnxb, gn`x nvmvb
Gm Gg AwbK Bmjvg
KZZvq
gywnZ nvmvb, Zwn` Bgvg
cQ`
Pvi wcUz
P : AvjevU AkvK, Gg Avmjvg wjUb
hvMvhvM
gvjv feb (ig-132/522), mvne evRvi, ivRkvnx
01717513023, 01717125283, 01726314647
[email protected] shashwatiki.mywibes.com

Aiwebvm I AjiY
K.Gg. wUcy, ccyjvi wcU cvjm, iv.we.
01718-629300

gy`Y
cv cm, ivRkvnx

bvUK, Abyev` I jvKmswZ welqK msLvi ci cKvwkZ nQ

kvkwZKxi iex`bv_ msLv| iex`bv_i mvakZRbevwlKx Dcj
kvkwZKxi GB z` cqvm| iex`bv_K wbq KvR Kivi myweav-Amyweav
`yB-B AvQ| myweav nQ jLv msMn KiZ Lye ewk K nq bv, GKUz
aijB wjL w`Z cvib h KD| Avi Amyweav nQ gvbmZ jLv
cZ h_ eM cvnvZ nq, hviv wjLZ cvib Zuviv kvkwZKxi gZ
QvUKvMRjvK wjLZ Pvb bvdvD dvD jLb bv Avi Kx! Avgv`i
BQv wQj iex`bv_K wbq KvR Kivi| mwU KijvgI| GLb KZvUv
gvbmZ KvR nqQ mUv cvVKivB eje| Avgv`i gv_vq AbKjv
wPv wQj c_g fewQjvg m~Y msLvwU ne Abyev`wfwK|
iex`bv_K wbq evBi h me AvjvPbv nqQ mjv _K evQvB Ki
wKQy ce Abyev` Ki msLvwU Kivi| AbK `vwqZI wbjb wK kl
ch eZvi KviY Avi cvijb bv| cieZxZ wVK Kijvg msLvwU ne
mvvrKviwfwK| welqwfwK mvvrKvi wbq mvRvbv ne msLvwU|
GI AbK `vwqZ wbjb eU, kl ch Avi cvijb bv, H eZvi
KviYB| KvRB, kl Aewa msLvwU nq Mjv KqKwU wbw` cwiKbvi
wgkY| ek KqKwU ceI _vKQ eZgvb msLvq hvi cwiKbv Avgiv
AbKw`b _KB Ki AvmwQjvg| iex`bv_i mvakZRbevwlKx Dcj
Kvwj I Kjg, `k, DivwaKvimn wewfb c-cwKv iex`bv_K wbq
wekl AvqvRb KiQ, AbK ce Qvcv nqQ mLvb| Avgiv PvwQjvg
wfb wKQy nvK| GB msLvq h cejv Qvcv njv Zvi mejvB h
Z_vKw_Z aviv _K ei nZ ciQG K_v Avwg ejwQ bv| Ze
ewkifvM AvqvRbB h cvVK`i gbvhvM AvKlY Kie GB evcvi
Avwg h_ Avkvev`x|
mvvrKvijvi K_v Avjv`v Ki ejZB nQ| Gjv welqwfwK
nIqvi KviY cvVK`i KvQ weklfve iZ cve ej gb KiwQ|
Abyev`i wefvMUvI Avjv`vfve iZ cvevi `vwe`vi| mB mv_
iex`bv_i Dcbvm PvLi evwj I PZzi wbq wbwgZ PjwPi mv_
Dcbvmi Zzjbvg~jK AvjvPbv `ywU ek wfb gRvRi nqQ, m K_v
ejZB nQ| mewgwjq P~ov mgvjvPbvi KvRUv cvVK`i IciB Qo
w`jvg| wbqvwgZ wefvM ek KqKwU eBqi AvjvPbv cKvwkZ njv|
AvjvPbv KiQb ek KqKRb ZiY, D`xqgvb jLK|
mevcwi wKQy mxgveZv ^xKvi KiB cvVK`i nvZ Zzj w`wQ
kvkwZKxi eZgvb msLvwU|

wewbgq t 60 (lvU) UvKv gv

kvkwZKx-3

kvkwZKx-4

m~wPc
welqwfwK mvvrKvi
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : c~ee iex`bv_ /08
Ave`yk kvKzi : wPvwe` iex`bv_ I Abvb cm /26
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : Avgvi iex`bv_ /41
RyjwdKvi gwZb : mvwnwZK iex`bv_ /53
Abyev` mvvrKvi
iex`bv_ VvKzi
AvBbvBb, ivguv ivjuv I GBPwR Iqjm /137
Abyev` : bvwRe Iqv`y`
ce
Ave`yi iDd Payix
wPi-b~Zbi w`jv WvK, cuwPk ekvL /62
gvt nvib-Ai-ikx`
iex`bv_i wkvwPv : wkvwPvq iex`bv_ /75
gjq ivqPayix
iweVvKzi Avgv`i evwoZ wbwl wQjb /87
gvmy` ingvb
iex`bv_i A_fvebv : ZvwK chvq /92
Avngv` gvhnvi
Avgv`i `ytmgqi I ibmuvmi iex`bv_ /97
Kzj`v ivq I GgGgAvi Rvjvj
XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZv Ges iex`bv_ /102
kvkwZKx-5

Abyev` ce
gvnv` G. KvBqyg
KwZ GK wek : iex`bv_ VvKzi weiwPZ ... /109
Abyev` : gxi IqvjxDvgvb
KjvY Kzy
gymvwjwb I iex`bv_ /123
Abyev` : ivZzj cvj
AvjdIbhv kvn&Kvb
weZ wkjv : iex`bv_ I jvwUb AvgwiKv cm /130
Abyev` : wnkvg g. bvRi
wbqwgZ wefvM : PjwP
iRvDj Kwig wmwKx
PvLi evwj : iex`bv_i Dcbvm I FZzcYi PjwP /148
AwgZvf bvM
PZzi welq cuvPwU K_v /158
wbqwgZ wefvM : eyK wiwfD
gn`x Avyjv n
evwjKvgj : my wZi e K_v /162
gwkDi ingvb
RvQbvq cyowQj hviv : q hvIqv ^ci AvLvb /163
wZZygxi Flf
wav : ^i cwicZ
y Rxebi kvejx /166
Zwn` Bgvg
AwbevY B`awb : ^chYv A_ev ewi btk /170
m`mgyj
g bvg bv wel : bvg gvnvZ /171
^wP ^wPe
Amgv Acv : GKwU nuvwU nuvwU cv cvi ivWgvc /172
Lvjv wPwV /175
kvkwZKx-6

iex`bv_i AbK weLvZ jLvi RbB GB c~ee f~L

c~ee iex`bv_ cm Aveyj Avnmvb Payix

welqwfwK mvvrKvi (08-60)

Wi Aveyj Avnmvb Payix g~jZ cvewK I MelK|

mgvRgb I HwZnmvbx| Zuvi PPvi I MelYvi welq
dvKjvi, Dwbk kZKi mgvR I mvwnZ-ewZ,
mvgwqKc, AvaywbK mvwnZ I AvwjK BwZnvm|
Abymwrmy GB MelK mvwnZi bvbv `ycvc I wejycvq
DcKiY msMn-Dvi Ki eenvi KiQb|
Wi Payixi Rb Kzwqvi gRgcyi, 13 Rvbyqvwi 1953|
XvKv wekwe`vjqi evsjv wefvM _K weG I GgG wWwM
Ges wcGBPwW Dcvwa ARb Kib| cvq ewk eQi
Aavcbv-ckvq hy|
`k I we`k _K cKvwkZ Zuvi Mi msLv 70-Gi Dci| iex`bv_ mK Zuvi
Mvewj : iex`bv_ I wkjvB`n (1990), iex`bv_i AcKvwkZ cvewj
(2000), iex`bv_-msMnxZ jvjbi Mvbi cvywjwc (2009), iex`bv_ I jvjb
(2011), iex`bv_ I jvKmswZ (2011), iex`bv_, eywi gywi Av`vjb I
Abvb cm| Wi Aveyj Avnmvb Payix `k I we`k _K hme mvbbv^xKwZ-cyivi cqQb Zvi ga DjLhvM : jvjb cyivi (cwge ivR
jvjb gjv mwgwZ, 2000), exq mvwnZ cwil` cyivi (2009), evsjv GKvWgx
mvwnZ cyivi (2009)|

10 AvM 2011 ZvwiL ivZ 9Uvi mgq Kywqvq mvii evmfeb em

mvvrKviwU MnY Kwi| gvRvd&di nvmb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : mvi, Avcwb Kgb AvQb?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : bv, Avgvi kixiUv Zgb fvjv bB, Avi mB m KvRi
PvcI Lye ewk| C` msLvi jLvKjKvZvi `y-GKwU cwKvi kvi`xqv msLvi
jLv wbq e AvwQ| AbKjv eBqi KvRI Gi duvK duvK KiZ nQ|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avwg AvR g~jZ Avcbvi KvQ GmwQ kvkwZKxi
iex`msLvi Rb K_v ejZ| Avgv`i AvjvPbvi welq iex`bv_ I c~ee |
iZB c~ee iex`bv_i Aevb mK Avcbvi KvQ RvbZ PvwQjvg|
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : c~ee hv AvRKi evsjv`k GB f~Li m iex`bv_i
Nwb hvMvhvM I mK wQj| Zuvi c~eciy li wbevmI wQj GB c~ee B| Ges ay
iex`bv_i gYvwjbx bq, c~ee i hkvi-Lyjbv _K Aviv KD KD RvovmuvKvi
VvKzi-cwievi ea~ wnme MQb| hnZz Zuviv wcivwj evY wQjb mB KviY wcivwj
evY cwieviB GKmgq Zuv`i weq_v AbKUvB mxgve wQj, Aek ci mB
wbqg e`jQ| iex`bv_ c~ee GmwQjb Rwg`vwii KvR `Lvbvi Rb| Zuvi
kvkwZKx-7

kvkwZKx-8

evev `e`bv_ VvKzi iex`bv_ h Lye KvRi gvbyl G K_v nqZv fveZb bv| GB
KweZv-Mvb jLb, mvwnZPPv Kib, Zuvi eveeyyw wKsev elwqK eywi cwZ Lye h
Avv `e`bv_i wQj Zv ejv hvq bv| wK Rwg`vwi `Lvbvi jvK Zv `iKvi!
VvKzi`i Rwg`vwi Qwoq-wQwUq wQj| c~ee hgb wQj, DwolvZI wKQy wQj|
c~eei Rwg`vwii `Lfvj viKvbv_ VvKzi wbRI GKmgq KiQb m GKevi
Mvovi w`Ki K_v| Zuvi nvZB Gme Rwg`vwi-mw Kbv| ci `e`bv_ wbR
`Lvbv KiQb Ges Zuvi eo Qj wR`bv_ VvKziI G Aji wekl Ki
mvRv`cyii Rwg`vwi `Lvbv KiQb| Ab Qj`i ga RvwZwi`bv_ VvKyii
GKUv fvjv hvMvhvM wQj wkjvB`n Aji m| wR`bv_ cvebvi cRv-we`vni
mgq Lye fvjv f~wgKv cvjb Kib wb, GUv 1873 w`Ki K_v, wmivRMi mvRv`cyi
Aj h KlK-we`vn nqwQj Zv `gbi Rb VvKzi-Rwg`viiv h_ Rei-Ryjyg I
bvbv K~U-KkjI LvwUqwQjb| Avjvfvjv wR`bv_ cRvcxob h KZv `o nZ
cvib KvOvj nwibv_i AcKvwkZ Wvqwi I Mvgevv cKvwkKvi cvZvq Zvi bgybv
Qwoq AvQ| Gi cvq `o hyM ci iex`bv_ hLb Gjb ZLb cRv`i ga ZZUv
Amvl Avi wQj bv| Kbbv wKQy wKQy AvBb Rvwii dj cRv^v_ iv Avi Rwg`vii
j^v nvZ wKQyUv LvUv nqwQj| Ze kvlY-cxob h GKevi DV wMqwQj m-K_v
ejv hve bv bvbv m~ Kkj cRv-Ri eev PjZv| Avi mBm ivqZ-cRvi
cwZ Aenjv ZzQ-ZvwQji fve GKUv _KB wMqwQj| iex`bv_ wkjvB`n Gm
c_g mwU `~i Kijb| Rwg`vi`i eQi LvRbv Av`vqi h Abyvb ZvK cyYvn ejv
nZv| mB cyYvn A_ev `ievi cRviv Gm Zv`i LvRbv hgb w`Zb, Zv`i
Ave`b-wbe`b `vwe-`vIqv GjvI ck KiZb| wKy cRv`i Avmbeev wQj
Amg| iex`bv_ GB Avmb-elg `~i Kib| wZwb mevi Rb GK Avmbi eev
Kib| c~ee Zuv`i Rwg`vwi wQj wkjvB`n, mvRv`cyi Ges cwZmi| wkjvB`n wQj
GB wZb Rwg`vwii m`i `i Ges iex`bv_ wkjvB`nB ewk mgq _KQb| Zuvi h
mvwnZmw Zvi GKUv eov AskB wkjvB`n iwPZ| mvRv`cyi wZwb MQb, ILvbI
wZwb wjLQb GB h cvgvvi-Gi gZv QvUM| cwZmi jLvjwLi KvRUv
ZZ nqwb, GB `yB RvqMvi Zzjbvq| Zvi `ywU KviY, GK nQ cwZmi wZwb ZZ NbNb
hZ cvib wb ev ewk mgq ai _vKbI wb| Avi h mgqUzKz wZwb _KQb cjxDbqbi KvRB eq KiQb| wKy ZvB ej h wZwb cwZmi wKQzB jLb wb ev
mLvb mvwnZPPv _K GKevi `~i wQjb, Zv Zv bq| hLvbB MQb wZwb,
jLvi KvR _g _vK wb| wkjvB`n GmI Zuvi Rwg`vwi Ges Avmgvb`vwi GKB
m PjQ| GB wZb RvqMvZ wZwb eevi GmQb wekl Ki wkjvB`n| Ges
GB wkjvB`n mK iex`bv_i GKUv wekl AvKlY I `yejZv wQj| wkjvB`ni
K_v bvbv cm wZwb ejQb| cv, hv wkjvB`ni cvk w`q eq PjQ mB cv
iex`bv_K Mfxifve UvbZv| wQbci GK wPwVZ wZwb wjLQb h, B`i evnb
hgb HiveZ Zgwb Zuvi evnb cv| evDjMelK I evsjvi evDj I evDj Mvb-Gi
eBqi jLK Dc`bv_ fvPvh Ges iex`bv_i Rwg`vwi Rxeb wbq whwb AbKjv
eB wjLQb mB kPx`bv_ AwaKvix wkjvB`niB gvbyl Avi Dc`bv_
nwibvivqYcyii jvK GKmgq Kzwqv nvBzji wkK wQjb Guiv hLb 1940

mvj wbwLj e cjxmvwnZ mjbi AvqvRb Kib wkjvB`n, ZLb Zuviv

iex`bv_K AvgY RvwbqwQjb| Zuvi c ZLb Avmv me wQj bv eqmi KviY|
Dwb fvwi my`i GKwU wPwV wjLwQjb, Zuvi K_vUv wQj AbKUv GiKg h,
cvcevnPzw^Z GB wkjvB`n cjxZB Zuvi mvwnZ-im-mvabvi Zx_K` wQj| AvR
Avi Zuvi hvvc mLvb myMg bq, wKy mB cyivbv wZ Zuvi gb Agwjb nq
AvQ| GB myev` wZwb wkjvB`nevmxK Zuvi gbi mB K_vwU RvbvZ Pvb| GB wPwV
_KB evSv hvq h wkjvB`ni m Zuvi mK Kgb gayi wQj! Avi iex`bv_i
cy i_x`bv_ VvKzi Zuvi wZPPvq fvwi my`i Ki ejQb h, wkjvB`n GmB
iex`bv_i M`c` `yB aibi jLvi nvZB hb Lyj wMqwQj, Ggb Avi Kv_vI
nqwb| wkjvB`ni wZ iex`bv_i gbi wfZi Ggb Mfxifve wgk wMqwQj h
klRxeb wZwb hLb kvwwbKZb ZLb GKwU KweZv wjLjb ILvbKvi KvcvB
b`xK wbq h b`xwU kvwwbKZbi cvk w`q eq PjQ, xYmvZv b`x| KweZv
wjLQb KvcvBK wbq, KweZvq KvcvBqi K_v ejZ ejZ nVvr wZwb hbv
Avbgb ej djjb cvi K_v| AbKUv GB iKg, cv Kv_vq PjQ GKv GKv/
gb gb `wL ZvK| b`xK wbqB KweZv, wKy mB KweZv cvK wbq bq
KvcvBK wbq, wKy KvcvBqi K_v ejZ wMq Zuvi gb nqQ, b`x gvbB Zv
cv Zuvi mB hebi cv, Zuvi mB fvjvevmvi cv| GZ evSv hvq h GB Aj
ZuvK KZv Mfxifve gy Ges cvwYZ KiwQj| Avi c~ee i Ab AbK RvqMvq
wZwb MQb wKy mme hvIqv, Abyvb-AvgY hvIqv, wVK Ggb gb Lyj, PvL
Lyj gvbyl Ges cKw ZK `Lvi Rb hvIqv bq| XvKv, bvivqYM, Kzwgjv, wmjUmn
AviI Kvbv Kvbv RvqMvq wZwb MQb Ges cwZmii m~ ivRkvnx AjI Zuvi
Nviv nqQ| ZvB `Lv hvQ, c~eei m iex`bv_ bvbvfve Rwoq AvQb Ges
hw` iex`bv_ c~ee bv AvmZb Zvnj iex`-mvwnZi icUv Kgb nZv, iex`bv_
hv nq DVwQjb Zv wZwb nq DVZ cviZb wKbv Ggb ck KviI KviI gb
RvMZB cvi| GB cki Reve wKQzUv `Iqvi Pv KiQb W. `ymvb RvwfUj| Bwb
mB Awef PKvvfvwKqvi cvM& wekwe`vjq fviZZi AavcK wQjb Ges
Avgv`i gqgbwmsn MxwZKv wbq MelYv KiQb| wZwb ejwQjb, iex`bv_ hw`
c~ee bv AvmZb, wekl Ki wkjvB`n Zvnj wZwb gvbyl Ges Kwe wnme hv
nq DVwQjb Zv nq DVZ cviZb bv| GB gei fZi w`qI Avgiv eywS h
iex`bv_i mvwnZPPvi Rb, RbRxebi m Mfxifve mK iPbvi Rb c~ee
Avmvi Lye cqvRb wQj| iex`bv_i Rb nqwQj KjKvZvi ki cwiek| Mvgi
m Ai cwiPq Zuvi KvbvKvjB nZv bv Rwg`vwi `Lvi myhvM bv cj, nqZv
cvwLi PvL w`q MvgK `LZ nZv| wkjvB`n wZwb AvMI GmQbGK`g
Qjejvq| mB mdii wZ Zuvi KweZvq AvQ, Zuvi Qjejvi wZPviYvq
wekbv_ wkKvixi evNwkKvii M wbqQb| wKy mme Zv `~i _K `Lv, GKevi
Mfxifve wgk Zv bq| wZwb hgb wkjvB`n-cwZmi Gm gy, cvkvcvwk Zgwb
ew_ZI nqQb| gy nqQb Gi b`x Ges MvgxY cKwZi h m`h Zvi KviY, Avi
ew_Z nqQb h Zuvi cRviv Mvgi gvbylRb, `ytL-K Zv`i Rxeb Pj Ges mB
Rxeb Avb` bB, myL bB, weKwkZ nIqvi Kvbv DcvqI bB| GB evcvijv

kvkwZKx-9

kvkwZKx-10

iex`bv_K fvwi cxov w`qQ Ges wZwb Zuvi KweZvq GBme g~p-vb-gyK gyL fvlv
w`Z PqQb Ges Avkv KiQb m Kwei evYx jvwM Kvb cZ AvwQ, h AvQ
gvwUi KvQvKvwQ| iex`bv_ Zuvi wbRi mxgveZv eySZb| wZwb Mvgi gvbylK
`LjI Zv`i m GKvZ nq Mfxifve wgk Zv`i Rxebhvcbi AwfZv jvf
Zv Zv cyivcywi me nqwb| m Rb Zuvi mvwnZ Mvgi K_v AvQ, Mvgi gvbyli
K_v AvQ, Zv`i myL`ytLi K_v AvQ wKy hfve, Rvwb bv GB Zzjbv wVK nq wK
bv, Zvivki ev gvwbK e`vcvavq MvgxY `vwi`K Rxeb QuK Zzj GbwQjb,
KVvi-KwVb Rxeb-eveZv I Rxeb-ewPi Qwe GuKwQjb, mfve iex`bv_ cvib
wb| Ze c~ee ZuvK Mfxifve gy Ges AbycvwYZ KiwQj| wkjvB`n Aj huviv
evDjmsMxZi c`KZv ev mvaK wQjb, Zuv`i ga g~jZ bvg KiZ nq jvjb
dwKii Ges MMb niKivi| jvjbK wZwb `LwQjb wK `Lb wb m wbq Nvi ZK
AvQ gZf` AvQ, wKy MMbK wZwb Lye KvQ _K `LQb Ges KvQ ewmq Zuvi
m K_v ejQb, Zuvi Mvb bQb| MMb wQjb wkjvB`n WvKNii niKiv|
kPx`bv_ AwaKvix RvwbqQb iex`bv_ Zv ewki fvM mgqB cvq evU
_vKZb| Zuvi KvQ MMb niKivi Avmv-hvIqvi Kvbv mgq-Amgq wQj bv| nqZv
Ab jvKi Rb GKUv wbw` mgq _vKZv `Lv Kivi, wKy MMbi ejvq mB iKg
Kvbv euvavaiv mgq wQj bv| mB MMbi `ivR Mjvi giwg Mvb iex`bv_ gy nq
bZb| MMb h ay wbRi MvbB MvBZb Zv bq, wZwb jvjbi Mvb MvBZb, Ab
gnr-gnvRbi MvbI KiZb| iex`bv_i gb Mu_ wMqwQj Hme Mvb mme K_v
Avgiv nqZv ci wKQy wKQy ejvi myhvM cvev|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Rwg`vi wnme iex`bv_ Kgb wQjb?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : Avwg Zv AvMB ejwQ h, VvKzi-Rwg`vi`i wKQzUv wb`
wQj `ycyil AvM, viKvbv_ I `e`bv_i mgq| cRvwbhvZbi AwfhvM wQj
Ges Gme K_v KvOvj nwibv_ gRyg`vi Zuvi AcKvwkZ WvqwiZ hgb wjLQb
Zgwb Zuvi cwKv Mvgevv cKvwkKvZI wbfq cKvk KiQb| mB KviY
KvOvjK Gu`i vfi gyL coZ nq Ges Rwg`viiv jvKji-jvwVqvj cvwVq
ZuvK bvbvfve kvqvi PvI Kib| mLvb Gm cwZiva Mo Zvjb jvjb
dwKi, GKZviv dj Zuvi wkl-kveK`i wbq jvwV nvZ KvOvj nwibv_K iv
Kib| Zv VvKzi Rwg`vi`i GKmgq GBiKg RyjygevRi f~wgKv wQj| Ze ay
VvKzi-Rwg`vi Kbv, Kvbv Rwg`viB AZvPvi bv Ki ivR^ Av`vq KiQb Ges
bZzb bZzb Ki Zviv AnZzK AhwK fve Avivc Kib wb Ggb NUbv nqZv
AwZ weij| LvRbv w`Z bv cvivq wKsev Aeva nIqvq jvwVqvj cvwVq NiK Ni
Rvwjq `Iqv nqQ Mwie gvbyljv GKevi wbt^ nqQ| iex`bv_ AZ
mse`bkxj wQjb Ges Zuvi ga GKUv Mfxi gvbeZv I ggZeva KvR KiZv|
wZwb MvgxY gvbyli myL-`ytLi m AbKLvwb cwiwPZ nZ ciwQjb| mB
KviY wZwb bvbvfve Pv KiwQjb h cRvcxob hvZ bv nq| Zuvi AvwiK wPv
I Pv wQj cRvi gj wKm nq, cRviv wKm myL _vK| Mwie Mvgjv, iex`bv_
wbR ejQb, hb gi MQ| mB kkvbi gZv MvgjvK wZwb RvMvZ
PqQb| wKfve RvMvbv hvq wZwb mLvb gjvi AvqvRb KiQb Ges mLvb

^`kx hvv _K i Ki MvgxY gjvi me DcKiYiB eev KiQb| wZwb

AbKeviB wkjvB`n gjv ewmqQb| KzwUiwki c`kbx hgb, Zgwb MvbevRbvI nZv mLvb, KxZb nZv mLvb, evDjMvb nZv, KweMvb nZv GBfve
iex`bv_ MvgjvK RvMvZ PqwQjb| wbcvY, wbRxe Mvgi gvbyljvK wZwb
Avb` w`Z PqwQjb Ges AbK NywPq wZwb Zv`iK GK mvwiZ Zzj aivi
Pv KiwQjb| jvjb-MMb Zv wQjbB GB h LvKmvi wkey KxZwbqv, mB
KxZwbqvKI wZwb h_ mgv`i KiQb| iex`bv_i mgq Gm wbtm`n ejv
hvq, mB cyivbv kvlY-cxobi Ki h BwZnvm cRviv Zv fyjZ ciwQj|
iex`bv_ Kgb Rwg`vi wQjb G mK GKwU weeiY gj 1916 mvji ivRkvnx
wWw MRwUqvi| meZ GB MRwUqvii msKjK wQjb Igvwj, mLvb
Rwg`vi wnme iex`bv_i KwZZi K_v, Zuvi Rwg`vwi cwiPvjbvi Avjv`v iKgi
cwZi K_v ej Zuvi cksmv Kiv nqQ| Avi mgKvjxb mv _K Zv ek
fvjvB evSv hvq h iex`bv_i mgq wZwb Rwg`vwi eevq GKUv eov iKgi
cwieZb GbwQjb, Zv bv nj Zuvi wKmi `vq VKQ h bvej cyivii me
UvKv wZwb GB Mvgi Mwie KlK-cRvi Rb LiP Kieb? Zv`i Rb evsK Zwi
Kieb? iex`bv_ ivwkqvq wMq mLvbKvi Kwlwece Ges KwlcwZ `L Lye
Abycv wYZ nb| ivwkqvi h KwgDb c_v wZwb fewQjb Ggb cwZ hw` Avgv`i
`k Pvjy Kiv hvq Zvnj nqZv Avgv`i `ki KlKiv AviI DbZ nZ cvie,
AviI mg nZ cvie| wKy GwU wewQbfve wbixv Kivi Kvbv welq bq| iv
hw` G evcvi GwMq bv Avm, Kej Qv GKwU Rwg`vwi GjvKvq GUv Kiv me
bv, Avi mLvb Zv ay Rwg`viiB RwgZ ^Z bB, wKQz ew^ZI Zv AvQ|
ZvB iex`bv_ cvib wb, Kiv me nq wb| wKy Zuvi gv_vq G evcvijv GmwQj|
wZwb KlK`i fvjvi Rb Pv KiQb| mB Pvi dj h Lye cvIqv MQ Zv
bq, wKy Pv AvwiKfveB KiQb| hgb, Zuvi Qj Avi RvgvBK AvgwiKvq
Kwlwe`v kLvi Rb cvwVqwQjb| i_x`bv_ hLb wdi Gjb ZLb wkjvB`n
Zuvi Rb GKUv KwlLvgvi Ki `Iqv njv, AvjyPvli eev Kijb, GgbwK
ivRkvnxi h ikg mB ikgPvli RbI iex`bv_i GKUv AvMn RbwQj
AqKzgvi gq-Gi mRb| wZwb wQjb iex`bv_i ez| Zuvi Avmj evwo Zv
Kzwqvi KzgviLvwjZ, nwibv_i wkl wQjb, IKvjwZ KiZb ivRkvnxZ ei`
wimvP wgDwRqg cwZvZ Zuvi f~wgKv wQj| wZwb wKQy wUcvKv wbq GmwQjb
wkjvB`n| ji mvne iex`bv_i Qjgq`i MnwkK wQjb| wZwbI Lye
gZ wQjb ikgPvli Rb, wK nqwb| mB mgq Kwe-bvUKvi wR`jvj
ivqi m iex`bv_i Lye fve wQj| wW.Gj. ivq KwlwefvM wQjb wZwbI
bvbvfve civgk w`qQb Kwli DbwZi evcvi| h PvUv iex`bv_ GLvb i
KiwQjb Zvi dj cyivcywi cvb wb, Zv wZwb klI KiZ cvib wb|
kvwwbKZbi kxwbKZb wKQyUv mv_K nZ ciwQjb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : bxi`P` Payix ejQb, iex`bv_i gb ^v`wkKZv I
wn`yZ wbweofve mswk wQj| ZvB hw` nq, Ze RvbZ BQ KiQ, gymjgvb
cRv`i m iex`bv_i mK Kgb wQj?

kvkwZKx-11

kvkwZKx-12

Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : bxi`P` Payixi K_vwU GK A_ ewVK bq| hLb

Av`ggvwi nq iex`bv_ ZLb Zuvi agxq cwiPq wn`yB wjwLqwQjb Avi mc`vq
wnme ev| wKy gb ivLZ ne KD hw` wbRi agcvjb wbvevb nb Zvnj
ZuvK mvc`vwqK ejv hve bv hZY ch bv wZwb Ab agi gvbyli cwZ wel
cvlY Kieb| iex`bv_ AvPvwiK ag wbq Lye gv_v NvgvZb ej gb nq bv| wZwb
cvwZvwbK agK KZLvwb gvb KiZb, KZUzKz ^xKvi KiZb, KZUzKz Zuvi Rxeb
cwZdjb NUQ mjv wfb AvjvPbvi welq| wn`yZi AnsKvi Kx DbvwmK cwZ
bxi` Payixi Kg wQj? RvwZMZ ewweli cwiPq Zuvi jLvq Zv cQb bq
mivmwiB cKvk cqQ| gvwnZjvj-mRbx `vmi Pjv I `vmi wnme kwbevii
wPwVi AbZg eiK`vR wQjb wZwb| ZvB GLvb, bxi` Payixi K_v w`q ckwU
Kivi Kvbv cqvRb bB, mivmwiB ckwU GBfve AvmZ cvi| Avi hw`
iex`bv_i ^v`wkKZvi m wn`yZ wbweofve wgkI _vK bxi`P`i K_v gZv,
ZvnjI wKQz hvq Avm bv| Kbbv Zvi welev `~wlZ nqwb mvgvwRK cwiek|
gymjgvb cRv`i m iex`bv_i mK wQj AZ wbweo-Mfxi-AvwZK|
wkjvB`ni Pii Aeva cRv`i ewki fvMB wQj gymjgvb| Giv LvRbv w`Z
PvBZv bv, bvbvfve mgmvi mw KiZv| wKy iex`bv_ G`iK ek KiwQjb
jvwVqvj cvwVq bq, Zuvi fvjvevmv w`q, ggZv-mnvbyf~wZ w`q| G`i GZvUvB ek
KiwQjb h hLb wkjvB`ni Rwg`vwi iex`bv_i nvZQvov nq MQ, bZzb gvwjK
Zuvi fvBcv myi`bv_ VvKzi iex`bv_K AvmZ njv Pii cRviv Avevi we`vnx
nqQ ej| Pii cRv gvb gymjgvb cRv Avi wK! iex`bv_ 1922 mvj klevii
gZb Gjb GB Pii cRv`i gbi-gZi cwieZb NUvbvi Rb| Zv`i h
Amvl, Zviv h Rwg`viK gvbZ PvQ bv ev myib VvKzii m Zv`i mK h
Lye fvjv nq DVQ bv, mUv gUvbvi Rb iex`bv_ GmwQjb| GKwU Qwe
kPx`bv_ AwaKvixi eBZ AvQ h Pii cRv`i m iex`bv_ K_v ejQb Pii
fZi `uvwoq| G _K evSv hvq gymjgvb cRv`i m Zuvi mK Kgb wQj
cfve KZLvwb wQj| Avi Dwb H h 1922-G klevii gZv hLb Gjb, ZLb
wkjvB`n Rwg`vwii cRv`i Zid _K ZuvK GKwU gvbc `Iqv nqwQj, mwU
iPbv Ges cvV KiwQjb Rni Avjx wekvm ej Pi Kvjvqv Mvgi GKRb
gymjgvb cRv| Avevi iex`bv_K fvwi my`i GKwU bKwkKuv_v Dcnvi w`qwQjb
wkjvB`ni gymjgvb gqiv| Zvnj Zv evSvB hvq KZUv wbweo mK
gymjgvbmgvRi m wQj| Avevi cwZmii GKUv NUbvi K_v Ab`vki ivq
ejQb, ZLb wZwb ivRkvnxi wW.Gg.| iex`bv_ Gj wZwb cwZmi `Lv KiZ
MQb| mLvb GKRb e gymjgvb cRv iex`bv_ mK ge KiQb GBiKg
h Avgv`i agi gnvgvbeK Avgiv `wLwb, wKy iex`bv_K `Lj ZgbB gb
nq| GBaibi GKUv K_v ejwQjb Avi wK! iex`bv_ wkjvB`n Gm ejwQjb,
mvnv`i nvZ _K kL`i ivi RbB Zuvi GLvb Avmv Rwg`vwii `vwqZ wbq|
Zvi gvb wK? mvnviv nQ gnvRb, my`Lvi gnvRb Mwie cRv`i Kov my` KR
w`q Zv hLb Dj nq bv ZLb Zvi Rwg-evwoNi mg Ko bq| iex`bv_i gZv
GZv eov K_v Rwg`vi`i c _K Avi KD KLbv ejb wb ejZ cvib wb|

Rwg`vi wnme Ges gvbyl wnme iex`bv_ ay Amvc`vwqK bb, Zuvi ga Mfxi
gymwjgcxwZI wQj Ges Zvi cKvk Avgiv bvbvfve `LwQ| hgb, gymwjg
jLK`i wZwb hfve Abycv wYZ KiQb, hfve Zuv`i mgv`i KiQb, hfve
Zuv`i Zzj aiQb, Zuv`i weLvZ nIqvi c_ GwMq w`qQb Zv Avi KD
Kib wb| iex`bv_i mgq AviI huviv weLvZ Agymwjg jLK wQjb Zuv`i
AbKB bxie f~wgKv cvjb KiQb Avevi KLbv ev ZvwQj-wel cvlY
KiQb| gb ivLv `iKvi h iex`bv_ GKUv mgq ch Zuvi hZv eB ei nqQ
mB eBjv wZwb DrmM KiQb nq Zuvi cwievi-cwiRb A_ev ev ev Zuvi Lye
wcqfvRb KvQi Kwe-jLKK| Gi evBi c_g KvRx bRij BmjvgK Zuvi em
bvwUKv DrmM Kijb| bRij ZLb RjLvbvq, wZwb cwe Mvcvavq-Gi nvZ
mB eB Zzj w`q ejjb h, Zzwg KvRxK ejv myhvM _vKj Avwg wbR wMq
ZuvK eBwU w`Zvg| GB h ^xKwZ, bRij hLb Kej Kwe wnme LvwZ ARb i
KiQb, iex`bv_ ZLb ZuvK eB DrmM KiQb| Ges ay ZvB bB, bRij Rj
Abkb KiQb, Zuvi Rxebmskq| iex`bv_ Zv RvbZ ci ZuvK Zvi cvwVq Abkb
fvOvi Avnvb RvwbqwQjb, Kbbv our literature claims you.
gvRvd&di nvmb : jvjb Ges evDji cfveUv iex`bv_i Ici KZLvwb cowQj?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : H h AvM ejwQ MMb niKivi KvQ wZwb evDji Mvb,
jvjbi Mvb bwQjb| wkjvB`n wZwb MMb niKiv, jvjbi wkl-mc`vq Ges
Aviv Kvbv Kvbv evDji m cwiwPZ nb Ges Zuv`i Mvb kvbb| wKy mevi
cfve Zv iex`bv_i Ici mgvbfve cowb| MMb niKivi Mvb b wZwb Lye gy
nb| ^`wk Av`vjbi mgq Zuvi Mvbjv evDj bvg Qv GKwU cywKvq
ewiqwQj| mB mgq jLv Avgvi mvbvi evsjv, Avwg Zvgvq fvjvevwm MvbwUZ
MMb niKivi Avwg Kv_vq cvev Zvi, Avgvi gbi gvbyl h i GB Mvbi ey
myiUvB wbqQb| ay ZvB bq, GB h gwi nvq nvq i-GB AvLiwUI wZwb MMbi
Mvb _KB MnY KiQb| evSvB hvq h MMbi Mvb Zuvi Ici KZvUzKz cfve
djwQj! Avwg jvjbi K_vq ci Avmev ej Ab`i welq ej wbwQ|
iex`bv_ GB MvbwUi K_v AbK RvqMvq DjL KiQb, hgb gyn`
gbmyiDxbi nvivgwY msKjbi f~wgKv wjLZ wbq MMbi GB Mvbi cm wZwb
ZzjwQjb| Zvici my`i~ divwm `k wMq hLb fviZxq jvKag mK eZv
w`jb mLvbI wZwb QvUv Ki MMbi cwiPq w`q GB MvbwUi DjL Kib| GB
MvbwU iex`bv_K GKUv bZzb giwg fvei RMZ evievi wbq hvq| Ges GB h
gbi gvbylK mvb Kivi GKUv evKzjZv mvaKi fZi _vK Zv iex`bv_K
k KiQ| iex`bv_ Mvb Zv eUB GgbwK KweZvZI evDji K_v GmQ| H
h, KZw`b `LwQ I`i mvaKKGB h KweZvi KqKwU cO&w AvQ h,
cvb`xi avi w`q mB mvaKiv hvQb Mfxi wbRb c_ gbi gvbylK mvb Kivi
Rb| Gjv iex`bv_i GKevi PvL `Lv evDji K_v| Avgiv AviKUz `~i
hvB| wmjUi nvmb ivRvi w`K ZvKvB| nvmb ivRvK wVK evDj ejv hvq bv,
evDji mgvbagv giwg c`KZv I wkx| mB nvmb ivRvi Mvb iex`bv_i nvZ
hLb cojv ZLb wZwb GZvUvB gy njb h fviZxq `kb gnvmfvi Awaekb h

kvkwZKx-13

kvkwZKx-14

fvlY w`jb ZvZ nvmb ivRvi Mvbi DjL Kijb| Avevi AdvW wekwe`vjq
hLb The religion of man bvg wnevU jKPvi w`jb mLvbI wZwb nvmb ivRvi
gg AuvwL nBZ cq`v Avmgvb I Rwgb GB MvbwUi DjL Ki Zvi PgrKvi
`vkwbK evLv `b| nvmbi GB MvbwUI ZuvK ciYv RywMqQ| iex`bv_ GKwU
KweZvq ejQb Avgvwi PZbvi iO cvbv nj meyR, Pzwb DVjv ivOv nq/ Avwg
Mvjvci w`K Pq ejjyg my`i/ my`i nj m| GB GKUv `vkwbK fvemZK
iex`bv_ LyuR cqwQjb nvmbi Mvb| nvmb ivRvi MvbK wbRi mw-cwqvi
fZi wbq wMqwQjb| Avgiv ejZ cvwi jvjbi K_v| ejZ cvwi wK, jvjbi
K_vB Zv Avmj K_v! iex`bv_i Ici evDji cfvei K_v ejZ Mj Zv
jvjbi K_vB mePq ewk Ki ejZ nq| Ges jvjbK wZwb KZvfve `LQb,
Avwevi KiQb Zv fvev hvq bv| jvjbi Mvb msMn KiQb jvjbi Mvb cKvk
KiQb| nvivgwY ej GKwU wefvM cewZZ njv cevmx cwKvq, mLvb wZwb
iZB MMb niKivi Avwg Kv_vq cvev Zvi GB MvbwU Qvcjb| Gici GK
GK jvjbi KzwowU Mvb wZwb GLvb cKvk KiwQjb gvU Pvi wKwZ| jvjbi
Mvbi `yywU LvZv wZwb QuDwoqv _K msMn KiwQjb Ges Zv GLb wekfviZxi
iex`feb AvQ| GB g~jevb Mvbi LvZvi cwZwjwc msMn KiwQjb evDjcgx
jvjb-MelK AKvj-cqvZ W. Kvij mjvgb, ci wZwb AvgvK GwU Dcnvi `b|
ZLb _KB Avwg Pv Ki AvmwQjvg iex`bv_i msMnxZ GB LvZvi e
cwZwjwcmsiY cKvki Ges kl ch mwU iex`bv_-msMnxZ jvjbi Mvbi
cvywjwc bvg KqK eQi AvM ewiqQ| iex`bv_i Ici jvjbi cfve h
KZvUzKz Zv `LZ ne Dfqi Mvb cvkvcvwk iL, Zvnj Zzjbv Ki ejv hve h
cfveUv GBfve GmQ| mB AvjvPbvi mgq Zv GLvb bB| jvjbi myi, Zuvi
fvlv, Q`, Dcgv, wPK, icK iex`bv_ D`vi nvZ MnY KiQb Ges b`Mvcvj
mbK jLv GK wPwVZ wZwb ejQb h Gme iex`evDji iPbv| `Lv hvq,
iex`bv_i cvkvK-AvkvKI evDji GKUv Qvc AvQ| Zuvi h AvjLvjv nqZv ev
Zv evDji h Lj&Kv mB Lj&Kvi `Lv`wLB Zwi| evDjmgvRi Ggb wewP
kvxq cvkvK Avi KD cib wb| Avi iex`mvwnZ evDji cfvei K_v ejZ
Mj m Zv AbK mgqi evcvi| `yPviU D`vniY w`jB evSv hve h
iex`bv_ Zuvi iPbvq jvjbi wkFY wKfve MnY KiQb| ivRv ej Zuvi weLvZ
GKwU bvUK AvQ, mB ivRv bvUKi g~j MwU wZwb avi KiwQjb e
AvLvwqKv _K Ges Gi Ici wZwb Avivc KiwQjb jvjbi GKwU Mvbi
fvemZ| K K_v Kqi `Lv `q bv, bo Po nvZi KvQ LuzRj Rbg-fi gj
bv| Zvnj evSv hvQ jvjbi Mvb Zuvi mw-cwqvq wKfve wgjwgk MQ|
bvbv RvqMvq iex`bv_ jvjbi K_v ejQb| GB h GKevi 1909 mvj gb nq
exq mvwnZ cwil` GKUv AvjvPbvmfvi AvqvRb Ki, mLvb iex`bv_ Qv`i
Dk fvlY `b Ges mLvb wZwb cmi LB ai jvjbi K_v ejb Ges
jvjbi Rxebi jvKcPwjZ GKUv cwiwPwZI `b| Zvici Avgiv `Lev Bwqvb
wdjvmwdKvj KsMm wZwb h fvlY w`qwQjb mLvb H LvuPvi wfZi AwPb cvwL
Kgb Avm hvq G MvbwUi DjL Ki Zzjbv Kib BsiR Kwe kwji KweZvi

mv_| Zvici ge Kib, kwji KweZv mxgve wkwZRbi fZi mgv`Z Avi
MvgxY evsjvi wbii cjxKwei GB Mvb meRbxb mvaviY gvbyli fZi cPvwiZ
gvUi Ici G aibi K_vB wZwb ejwQjb| Avevi iex`bv_i Mviv Dcbvm
LuvPvi fZi AwPb cvwL Kgb Avm hvq GB MvbwUi KqK Q eenvi KiQb|
KvRB Dcbvm h jvjbi ev evDji cm Avm wb Zv wKy bv, MI GmQ
cvgvvi ev evgx Mi K_v PURjw` iY Kiv hvq| GLvb evDjeei K_v AvQ| Zuvi RxebwZZ wZwb Mvb mK ejZ wMq GB h LvuPvi
fZi AwPb cvwL GB MvbwUi fvwi my`i giwg evLv w`qQb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : KvOvj nwibv_ I gxi gkviid-Gi m iex`bv_i wK
KLbI `Lv-mvvr nqwQj Ges Zuv`i mK iex`bv_ KLbI Kvb ge
KiQb wK bv ?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : iex`bv_i m KvOvj nwibv_ I gxi gkviidi `Lv
nqwQj wKbv Zvi Kvbv weeiY gj bv| hw`I 1890-91-G Rwg`vwii `vwqZ wbq
iex`bv_ wkjvB`n hLb Gjb KvOvj nwibv_ ZLbI euP, gZz nq 1896 mvj|
AZGe `Lv nIqvi mvebv Zv wQjB| wKy Kvbv ciB nqZv G evcvi Zgb
AvMn wQj bv| Ze iex`bv_ nwibv_i jLvi evcvi wKQyUv Drmvn `wLqwQjb|
bvqeK cvwVq wZwb avi KvOvj nwibv_i wKQyy eB KzgviLvjxi g_yivbv_ gy`v h
_K AvwbqwQjb| H cmi 1300 mvji cbKji LvZvq GKUv wPwV AvQ
VvKzi-GUi bvqeK jLv, KvOvj nwibv_i eo Qj mZxkP` gRyg`vi eBqi
`vg Pq GB ZvMv`vc jLb, ZvZ DjL wQj wK wK eB KZv `vg BZvw`
welqwU Avgvi KvOvjRxebx eBZ DjL KiwQ| G _K evSv hvq, `Lv hw` bvI
nq Zey iex`bv_ KvOvji jLvjwLi evcvi GKevi D`vmxb wQjb bv| Ze
KvOvji eB mK ge GKUz LvivcfveB KiwQjb, mwU njv meZ
ewgP`i Dcbvm mK ejZ wMq GB aibi GKUv ge iex`bv_
KiwQjb, Kv_vq Mj mB Mvj eKvIqvwj Avi weRqemi AjxK M, gvb
GB h icK_vwkZ Kvwnwb weRqem Zv nwibv_i jLv| hw`I weRqem bvg
GKaibi Kvwnwb cPwjZ wQj, GwUi hvv-UvvI nqQ| Gi evBi Avi Kvbv Z_
gj bv| Ze KvOvj nwibv_i Mvb evmgvR cek KiwQj| KvOvj wbR
evmgvR Mvb MqQb, XvKvq Mvb Mq gvwZqQb| weRqK Mv^vgx, whwb
GKmgq evagi cPviK wQjb, wZwb nwibv_i Mvb Lye cQ` KiZb|
emsMxZi hme eB ewiqwQj evmgvRi Zid _K ev evBi _K ZvZI
`Lv hvq mLvb KvOvj nwibv_i Mvb `yPviU AvQ| Avi Avgvi Lye weq I
e`bv RvM h iex`bv_ gxi gkviid mK GKevi bxie wQjb, A_P
iex`bv_i Rwg`vwiZB gkviidi evm| Aek gkviidI wKQy ejb wb iex`bv_
mK| AvZRxebx wjLQb gxi gkviid Avgvi Rxebx bvg, mLvb wZwb
AbKi K_v wjLQb, ewgP`i K_v AbKLvwb wjLQb Aek m-Ask Qvcv
nqwb, wKy iex`bv_i K_v Kv_vI DjL Kib wb| Ze gkviid iex`bv_i eB
coQb mwU evSv hvq Zuvi msMn wK wK eB wQj Zvi AvswkK ZvwjKv AvQ Zuvi
Liv LvZvq, ZvZ iex`bv_i wZb-PviLvbv eBqi bvg cvIqv hvq| welv`-wmzi

kvkwZKx-15

kvkwZKx-16

c_g L ei nq 1885-Z, kl L 1891 mvj, ZLb Zv iex`bv_ fviZxZ

wjLQb Avi fviZx Zv VvKzievwoiB cwKv| GgbwK bechvq iex`bv_ e`kb
cwKvI mv`bv KiQb| mB e`kbi c_g ce gkviid-Gi `ywU eBqi
mgvjvPbv ei nq, GKwU Rgx`vi `cY AbwU Mix mZz| Rgx`vi `cY-Gi
AvjvPbv ^qs ewg KiwQjb, AmvaviY mgvjvPbv| wKy H h kYx^v_ hvK
ej! ZLb cRvwe`vn i nqQ mvRv`cyi| wZwb GB eBwUi cksmv Kijb h
Av`vjZi `kwU cwicvwU nqQ| Zvi gvb LuvPv w`jb h BsiRi wePvieev
KZUv mB evcvi| mvRv`cyi ZLb KlKwe`vn i nqQ, 1873-Gi K_v, Zv
b ewg KlK`i AvPiY eo wei nb| mB KviY jLKK civgk w`qwQjb
GB eBqi wew Ges cPvi e ivLZ Zvnv bv nBj AwMZ NZvwZ `Iqv
nBe ej ge Kib| GKB ej kYx^v_! ewg Zv Rwg`vi wQjb bv, wKy
Zuvi Rwg`vicxwZ h_ cwigvY wQj, mB KviY GB K_v wZwb ejZ cvib| gxi
gkviid nvmb-Gi GKvwaK eBqi AvjvPbv cKvwkZ nq fviZx cwKvq|
iex`bv_i PvL e`kb wKsev fviZx wKsev mvgcKvk wKsev Mvgevv
cKvwkKv wKsev XvKv cKvk Kvbv bv Kvbv cwKvq jLv gxi gkviid-Gi
eBqi mgvjvPbv PvL bv covi K_v bv| AZ fviZx Avi e`kbi K_v Zv
Avgiv ejZB cvwi| Avi welv`-wmzi gZv eB hvi cksmv eiQ KvMR
KvMR, GB aibi Dw Kiv nQ gkviidi M`ixwZi cksmv Ki Ggb my`i
mvejxj M` evOvjx wn`y wjwLZ cvwij KZv_ eva Kwieb| ZLb iex`bv_i
Kbv AvMn RvMjv bv GB eBLvbv co `Lvi Zv eov weqi, A_P iex`bv_i
YMvwnZvi Zv ZzjbvB nq bv| Ave`yj Kwigi fviZel gymjgvb ivRZi BwZe
GKUv QvU cywKv, zjcvV eB| mB eBqi ch wZwb `xN AvjvPbv KiQb
fviZx cwKvq| Avi `yfvM Avgv`i h wkjvB`ni GKevi KvQi mvov-RvMvbv
jLK gxi gkviid nvmb wKsev KvOvj nwibv_ mK AvZ KviY iex`bv_i
AvMn RvM wb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_ Zuvi jLvi ga w`q c~eeK KZLvwb aviY
KiZ mg nqQb?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : iex`bv_i AbK weLvZ jLvi RbB GB c~ee f~L|
c~eei cKwZ I gvbyl iex`bv_i iPbvq bvbvfve GmQ Ges hw` mB A_ awi,
Zvnj Zv Zuvi MQi ewkifvM MB c~ee jLv A_ev c~eei cUf~wgZ
jLv| Avi evDji fve Zuvi Mvb I Abvb jLvq h GmQ ZvI c~eei
KviYB Zv| Zuvi ceI c~eei K_v DV GmQ| wZwb ^`kx fvebv wbq hLb
wjLQb, cjxDbqb wbq hLb wjLQb, cjxcKwZ mK hLb wjLQb, Zvi g~j
Zv AvQ GB c~eeiB AwfZv| Ges D`vniY wnme GB c~eei Mvgjvi
K_vB Zv wZwb Zzj aiQb| hw` Avgiv Hfve wnme Kwi Zvnj iex`bv_i
iPbvi Lye iZc~Y Ask ev Zuvi Lye weLvZ jLvi AbKjvB c~ee jLv| hw`I
Avgvi mvbvi evsjv mgM evsjvKB evSvq, wK GB MvbwUK hw` weklY Kiv
hvq Zvnj wK Avgv`i gb ne h c~eei QvcUv GB Mvbi fZi AbK ewk

cwigvY AvQ| GgbwK gb nZB cvi h, Zuvi jLvq h cvKwZK, bmwMK weeiY
GmQ Zv Zv c~ee iB| m Rb Zuvi iPbvq I eYbvq c~ee bvbvfve cKvwkZ|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv Rvwb, iex`bv_ c~ee K wbq M, KweZv, Mvb iPbv
KiQb| Dcbvm mUv NUwb Kb ?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : wejY NUQ| Avgiv Zv ejZ cvwi Zuvi bvgKiv ek
KwU Dcbvm GB c~ee emB jLv| Gi KvbvUv wkjvB`n jLv i Kib ev
KvbvUv GLvb kl Kib| hgb, PvLi evwj, Mviv, Ni evBi, PZzi
Gjv Zv c~ee evmiB dmj| nqZv ev cyivUv GLvb jLv nqwb, wK GLvbB
g~jZ jLvjv i KiwQjb| GLvb wZwb bvUKI wjLQb, hgb wPiKzgvi
mfv, Mvovq Mj`, wPv`v, ivRv| c~ee i b`x I cKw Zi K_v mePq ewk
GmQ Zuvi wQbc| mRb Zv Avgiv ejZB cvwi h Zuvi mvwnZPPvi cavb
avx GB c~ee |
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgvi KvQ GKUv wRwbm ek BUviws jvM, Dwb
Bsjv wMq _vKZ cvijb bv, A_P KjKvZvi Avqwk Rxeb ev` w`q
wkjvB`ni gZv AR-cvovMuvq w`we KvwUq w`jb| ejv hvq GLvb GmB hbv
Dwb ewk ^vQ` eva Kijb|
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : Gjv Hfve wePvi Kiv hvq bv| Avqwk Rxeb ejZ
Avgiv wK eywS? Avqwk Rxeb ejZ gvUi Dci Avgiv eywS fvjv LvIqv-civ Avi
cvq Kgnxb wbw wejvmx Ajm Rxebhvcb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : bv, Avwg Avmj G `yUvi KvbvUvB evSvZ PvwQ bv| Avwg
ejZ PvwQ myhvM-myweavi K_v|
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : iex`bv_ h GLvb kvKvb RxebaviY KiZb Ges
KjKvZvi RvovmuvKvq wZwb cjvb Qvov wKQy LZb bv, Zv Zv bv| RvovmuvKv ev
kvwwbKZbI ZuvK KLbv KLbv K Rxebhvcb KiZ nqQ| Mvg Gm
bvMwiK myhvM-myweav wZwb cvbwb, wK Abfve wZwb Zv cywlq wbqwQjb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : bv, Zv bv| evcviUv nQ KjKvZvi ev bMii AZ myhvMmyweav Qo wZwb Mvgi H KlK kYxi gvbyljvi m _vKjb wK Ki! hLvb
hvMvhvM-eev fvjv bq, Aviv KZ mgmv!
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : nuv, mUv Zv wVK, Ab KD nj nuvwcq DVZb|
iex`bv_ w`bi ci w`b H MvgB _KQb, b`xZB _KQb| mw`K _K Zv
iex`bv_ ewZg| AbK wKQyZB Zv wZwb Avjv`v iKgi, hgb wZwb AaK
Rxeb wecZxK njb, Zvici AviI cvq 40 eQi euP wQjb| wK evOvwj Pwii
cwZdjb Zv Zuvi ga NUwb| wZwb cybivq x MnY AvMn `Lvb wb| iex`bv_
evOvwj njI evOvwji h ^fve ev Pwi mPivPi Avgv`i PvLi mvgb fm IV,
wZwb mBiKg wQjb bv| we`vmvMiI Zv evOvwjmgvR Rb wbqI KvR-Kg wPvfvebvq wfb iKgi wQjb cyivcywi ^Z wQjb| GB aibi D`vniY Zv gjB
bv! iex`bv_i gaI evOvwjZ wQj, wK evOvwji h bwZevPK w`K mjv ZuvK
Zgb k Kiwb| iex`bv_ wbtmZv hgb PqQb, Avevi Zgwb cwievi-

kvkwZKx-17

kvkwZKx-18

cwiRb`i m _vKZI PvBZb| ZvB Zv eD-Qjgq`i wkjvB`n wbq Gm

msmviI cZwQjb| wK bvbv ARynvZ gYvwjbxB Zv _vKZ PvBjb bv| wK Avi
Kiv! Ze gb PvBjB Kwe QyUZb KjKvZvq| LuvPvi cvwL Avi ebi cvwLi
wKQyUv GLvbI wQj|
gvRvd&di nvmb : wZwb Zuvi gqi evjweevn w`Qb| Avevi Zuuvi cwievi
weaev wQj, wZwb Zuv`i weqi evcvi Abyrmvn cKvk KiQb| GUv GKaibi
^weivwaZv nq Mj bv ?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : gnr gvbyl Ges gnr wkxi wfZiB wKQy Avh aibi
^weivwaZv _vK| Zywg evBii w`K ZvKvI Zjq-Gi jLvq Avgiv ivwkqvi
Rxebi Ai wP LuyR cvB, Zuvi jLv cMwZi c_ Avjv djQ| hvRKZi
cwZ GKUv gvn ev `yejZv mI Zjq ivwkqvi gnvb mvb| iex`bv_i
^weivwaZvi K_v AbK AvQ| Zzwg Zv Kej GKUv ejj h iex`bv_ bvixi
weKvki K_v ej eovjI wbRi cwievi Zvi PPv Kib wb| Zuvi gq`i KvDK
wZwb Zgbfve jLvcov kLvb wb| cvkvcvwk Zuvi fvBqi gqiv ixwZgZ evBi
wMq jLvcov KiQ| mePq eov AwfhvM hUv Avm, wZwb GZv h bvixgywi
K_v ejQb A_P wZwb wbR evjweevn KiQb| mUv bv nq Abygv`b Kiv hvq
GB KviY h mB mgqUv wQj Dwbk kZK| wK mgvR hLb AbK`~i GwMq MQ,
mB mgq Gm wZwb Zuvi meKwU gqi evjweevn w`qQb| GQvovI iex`bv_i
ewRxeb AbK ^weivwaZv wQj| mgvjvPbv KijI mjv Avgiv KLbB eov
Ki `Lev bv| wK GI Avgiv PvBev bv h iex`wZK Ggb GKUv chvq wbq
hZ hv `Lj-bj iex`bv_ wbRB weeZ nZb| AwZfw ev wZ memgq
KvvbK Pvcv w`q ivL wePvieywK AvQb Ki `q| Avi hvK wbq Gme
K_v mB gvbylwUK fyj c_ wbq hvq ev weZwKZ Ki Zvj| iex`bv_ KLbv
KLbv Gi wkKvi nqwQjb| bvej cyivi cvIqvi ci kvwwbKZb ZuvK h
mseabv `Iqv nq, mLvb Zuvi ee b mevB z nq bv LqB KjKvZvq wdi
hvb| GB evcvijvi ga w`q Avgiv eySZ cvwi h wZwb KLbv KLbv Amwnz
nq coZb| hw`I iex`bv_ AbK AvNvZ cqQb evOvwj mgvRi KvQ _K h
KviY Zuviv hLb mvb w`Z hvQb ZLb Zuvi wfZi GKUv Awfgvb I cwZwqv
RMQ| wK mB cwZwqvUv kvfb wQj bv| hvB nvK, wR`jvj ivqi m
c_g w`K Zvui mK Lye gayi wQj, wK ci bvbv KviY GB mK GZUvB Lvivc
nq cojv h wZwb Kvbv Kvbv jLvq iex`bv_i Mvb mK Ggb evR ge
Kib h, hv ixwZgZ AvcwKi hgb, Kb hvwgbx bv hZ RvMvj bv, ejv njv
gwi jvR wW.Gj. ivq GB MvbwU mK ge Kijb h GwU GKwU
jvUMxwZ| Zvici GKevi klRxeb wZwb iex`bv_K bMfve AvgY Ki
Avb`we`vq wjLjb, mwU hLb g nwQj z `kK Zv e Ki w`qwQj| mB
wW.Gj. ivq hLb 1913-Z gviv Mjb, ZLb KbMi GKUv kvKmfvi AvqvRb
Kiv nq| AvqvRKiv iex`bv_i KvQ wPwV jLb kvK-Abyvb cvV Kivi ev
iwYKvq Qvcvi Rb evYx Pq| Zv iex`bv_ bvwK GB iKg Reve w`qwQjb,
whwb mvivRxeb ai ZuvK Aegvbbv KiQb Zuvi gZzZ kvKcKvki gZv D`viZv

Zuvi bB| GZ AbK z nb Ges AvqvRKiv Zv RvwbqB `b h wZwb hw`

Kvbv jLv bv cvVvb Zvnj GB wPwVwUB Zuviv kvKmfvq co kvbveb ev Qc
`eb| ci Aek iex`bv_ KqK Q wjL cvwVqwQjb| Gme K_v AvgvK
ejwQjb KbMii jLK-MelK gvwnZ ivq| fveZ ne, iex`bv_I GKRb
gvbyl| wW.Gj. ivqi KvQ _K wZwb h AvNvZ cqwQjb Zv nRg Ki Zuvi
mK fvjv K_v ejv fvwi KwVb| Ze cZvkv Zv iex`bv_i KvQ GKUz ewkB
_vKe, GwUB ^vfvweK| myZivs iex`bv_ hv, Zv Avgv`i ejv DwPr ev Zzj aiv
cqvRb| fvjv-g` wgwjqB gvbyl| Avgiv iex`bv_K gvbyl wnme `LZ PvB
wcqi `eZv evbvZ PvBbv|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv Rvwb, cvK-kvmbvgj iex`bv_K c~ee wbwl Kiv
nq| `k ^vaxb nIqvi ciciB iex`cx wZi Rvqvi cyiv `k fvmZ i KiQ|
iex`bv_i mvakZevwlKx D`&hvcbB Zvi cgvY enb Ki| GLb ck nQ, Avgiv
cKZ
c, iex`bv_K KZLvwb aviY, enb I weklY KiZ mg nqwQ ej
Avcwb gb Kib ?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : evOvwjPwi GKUv w`K `Le h evOvwj fvwi Drmewcq|
GK Avwg wK wb`v ev mgvjvPbvi `wZ `LZ PvB bv| mvakZRbel GB Drme
bv njB eis ew_Z nIqvi KviY NUZv| GZ iex`bv_i h `okv eQi c~Y njv
GwU RbMYi PZbvq weivU GKUv avv `q h `okv eQi ai GKRb jLK euP
AvQb, wZwb GLbI cwVZ nb, gvbyl ZuvK GLbv iY Ki| GI Zv GKUv weqi
evcvi h iex`bv_ Avgv`i KvQ GLbI cvmwK, Zuvi KvQ _K GLbI Avgv`i
AbK wKQy kLvi-bIqvi AvQ| Avgiv GB Drmei wec bB, wK iex`bv_K
ay bwZevPKfve Zzj aiv wKsev gwK iex`PPv mUvK Zv Avgiv cQ` Kiev bv|
Avi Rvqvii Rj Zv AbK wKQyB fm Avm Avevi fvUvi Uvb wgwjq hvq|
iex`bv_ wbRB GKRvqMvq ejQb, LuvwU wRwbmi cwigvY ewk nIqv Ame GB
K_vi AbymiY ejv hvq, LuvwU iex`cgxi msLv ewk nIqv Ame|
gvRvd&di nvmb : K_vcm Pj Avm, iex`bv_K wbq c~ee cPiz
AvjvPbv nqQ I nQ| GLb Zv ejZ Mj, iex`-AvjvPK fi MQ `k|
Gme AvjvPK I AvjvPbv wbq Avcwb KZUv Avkvev`x?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : G-ch iex`bv_ mK KZv eB jLv nqQ Avgvi
KvQ Zvi Kvbv Z_ ev cwimsLvb bB| wK gb nq kcuvPK wKsev KvQvKvwQ
nZ cvi| Avi hw` eB cuvPkv nq Zvnj Zvi cvkY ne ce| Gme wK
Avgiv Abygvb Ki ejwQ| Ijvi ga `Lv hve, AaK eB jLv nqQ
AvKvWwgK cqvRb, Avi AaKi AaK gvb wmwK fvM nQ AbwaKviPPv| Avi
_vK wmwK fvM mB wmwK fvMi fZi Avgiv hw` bvg ai ai ejZ cvwi Zvnj
Avgiv wK `wL, gv KqKRbi bvg Avm| KvRx Ave`yj I`y`, gvqyb Kwei,
ey`e emy, bxnviib ivq, Ab`vki ivq, Avey mqx` AvBqye, kL Nvl GB
KqRbi bvgB gb Avmjv hw` g~jvqbi w`K awi Avi wK! Avi hw` wZPPvi
K_v ewj, Zvnj gqx `ex, wbgjKzgvix gnjvbwek ev cwZgv `exi eBjvi K_v

kvkwZKx-19

kvkwZKx-20

Zv ejZB nq| iex`wZ wbq jLv Aviv KqKwU eB I jLKi K_v Avgvi
ejv DwPr wQj wK GzwY Zgb Avi gb AvmQ bv| AbK eBqi bvg nqZv ev
ev` Pj Mj m Rb gvRbv PvIqv Qvov Avi wK Dcvq! GQvov iex`bv_i Rxebxi
ga cfvZKzgvi gyLvcvavq-Gi iex`Rxebx, ckvKzgvi cvji iweRxebxi K_v
Zv ejZB nq| iex`iPbv msKjb-mv`bvi cywjbwenvix mbi bvg
DPviY KiZ nq| cvwZvwbK chvq wKQy wKQy fvjv eB ewiqQ| UMvi wimvP
BbwwUDU bvg KjKvZvq GKwU cwZvb AvQ| Aviv AvQ me Zv ej kl
Kiv hve bv| Avgv`i `ki K_v hw` ewj Zvnj Lye fvjv KvR Zuvi RbkZel
AavcK Avwbmyvgvbi mv`bvq h eBwU ewiqwQj iex`bv_ bvg mwU, Avwg
gb Kwi GwU GKwU AmvaviY viKM| eQi wekK AvM cwge _K
ewiqwQj mb&Rx`v LvZzbi awb _K KweZv GwUI Lye DjLhvM eB| Zuvi
Avi-GKwU eB iex`msMxZi fvem`| Avgv`i GLvb wePvicwZ gynv`
nvweeyi ingvbi KqKwU eBqi K_v ejZ nq| Avng` iwdK, whwb cwZv KiQb
iex`PPvK`, Zuvi eBjvI DjLhvM| nvqvr gvgy`i K_v ejZ cvwi|
iex`welq wbq Qwoq wQwUq _vKv wewfb ce wbq ewiqQ Avwbmyvgvbi
iex`bv_ : GKvji PvL| gvq~b AvRv`i Aeqm jLv iex`ce : iv I
mgvRwPv eBwUi K_v iY KiZ nq| fvjv eB wK ewk cPvi cvqwb GiKg
wKQy eB AvQ hgb wecixZ mvZ iex`bv_, Avng` gvq~bi GB eBwUi K_v
Lye ewk jvK Rvbb bv| Mvjvg gyiwk`i iex`wek c~ee c~ee iex`PPv
iZc~Y eB| Ave`yk kvKzii iex`welqK eBjvI wekl gbvhvM cvIqvi
hvM| Aveyj dRj, mq` Avjx Avnmvb, gvdvj nvq`vi Payix, Avbvqvi cvkv,
gvnv` gwbivgvb, gbRyi gIjv, mq` AvKig nvmb, Avng` Kwei, gyn`
gwRiDxb wgqv, fu~Bqv BKevj Avgv`i `k iex`PPvi PURjw` GB
bvgjv gb Avm| Gfve ejZ wMq AbK iZc~Y jLKi fvjv eBqi K_v
nqZv ev` co Mjv| iex`PPvq evsjv GKvWgxi f~wgKvi K_vI Avgv`i f~j
Mj Pje bv| Avi Avgv`i GLvb QvqvbU wbtm`n iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb Ki
PjQ| GQvovI Ggb Aviv wKQy wKQy msMVb Zwi KiQb huviv Zvi ga Kwjg
kivdxi bvg kvi mv_ iY KiZ nq| Avi Avgv`i `k iex`bv_i Mvb huviv
Kib iex`PPvq Zuv`i GKUv eo f~wgKv AvQ| bvUKi K_vI Zv ^xKvi KiZ
nq| iex`mvakZel Kvwj I Kjg-Gi h iex`msLv ewiqQ `yB evsjv wgwjq
ZvK mvgwqKci k cKvkbv ejv hvq|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_ h cjxmwgwZ vcbvi K_v ejQb| mB cjxmwgwZ
eZgvb mgqi MvgxY cvcU KZvUv cvmwK ne ej Avcwb gb Kib?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : eZgvb cvcUi m wgwjq g~j aviYvUvK Avgiv MnY
KiZ cvwi| bZzb GKUv avivq Avgiv mUvK wbq hZ cvwi| g~j K_v nQ hviv
Mvgi Qj, Mvg wbq wPv Ki, ZvivI Mvg Pb bv| hv`i Rb Mvg ev hv`i
GKcyil ev `ycyil AvMI Mvg evm wQj, Zv`iI Mvg mK Kvbv aviYv bB|
avbMvQi Zv nq wK bv, GiKg Mv cPwjZ AvQ bv? K_v AbKUv mBiKgB|
Uwjwfkb `Ljvg wekwe`vjqi Qv-Qvxiv wewfb GjvKvq wMq avb jvMvQ

gvV KvR KiQ Zv`i AwfZvi K_v ejQ| Mvg ev Pvlevm KlKi myL-`ytL
mK Kvbv aviYvB wQj bv Zv`i| GB cqvmUv Lye iZc~Y| GwU Lye h
hyMvKvix wKQy NUve Zv bv wK hviv Mvg Pbbv, Mvgi KlK Pbbv, Zv`i
Rxebhvv `Lvi myhvM Zviv cvQ Ges Zv`i AwfZvi K_v hLb `ki ki
myweavfvMx gvbyli KvQ cuQvQ, ZLb mUvi Zv AekB GKaibi iZ AvQ|
GKUv wRwbm gb ivLZ ne h, iex`bv_i mgq KlKi i hgb jvj wQj
GLbI Zgwb jvjB AvQ| m mgqi KlKi `ytL Ges ebv AvRKi KlKi
`ytL Ges ebv _K Zv Avi Avjv`v nZ cvi bv aibUv nZ cvi Avjv`v|
Avgv`i `k AbK GbwRI AvQ, AbK wciwMwi Kib| Mwie KvbI wci
AvQb Ggb D`vniY Avgvi Rvbv bB| Avi GbwRI Ki KD eovjvK nqbv
GiKg `vI Avgvi Rvbv bB| Zuviv Dbqbi bvg bvbv Kkj Mvgi `wi`
gvbyli m` AvZmvr Kib Zv`i Mwiei ga Mwie evwbq djb| Zv gb
ivLZ ne h iex`bv_ AvwiKfveB Mvgi Dbqb PqwQjb| KLbv KLbv
nqZv ev Zuvi aviYv wQj DPwfjvlx| gb nZ cvi GUv GKUv KbvceY gbi
evcvi| wK Avgiv hw` GKUz Mfxi Zwjq `wL Zvnj gb ne h iex`bv_ h
mgmvi K_v wPv KiQb mB mgmv Kvbv bv Kvbv fve GLbI iq MQ|
iex`bv_ cjxDbqbi Rb h Kgcv MnY KiwQjb Zv _K Avgiv GKUv
ciYv cZ cvwi| Zuvi `Lvbv c_ ai Avgiv nuvUZ cvwi| ZvgvK GKUv
D`vniY w`q evSvB, GKmgq Kji Mvb ev Mvgvdvb bvg GKUv h wQj, GwU
GwWmb Avwevi KiwQjb| Ges Zuvi Avwevii ci Pvi-cuvPRb AviI AvaywbK
Ki Zvjb ev ejv hvq msvi Ki hwUK AviI KvhKix Ki Zvjb| iex`bv_
cjxDbqbi Rb h KvR KiQb, h fve feQb AvaywbK wPv I chwy i
mnhvM ZvK Avgiv AviI KvhKi Ki ZzjZ cvwi| iex`bv_ gvwUi KvQvKvwQ
wQjb ej Zuvi cjxDbqbi mw`Qv wQj, wbixvagx gb wQj| Avi Avgiv hviv
gvwUi K_v ewj, gvwUi gvbyli K_v ewj Zviv cZviYv Kwi, auvKv w`B| Avgiv gvwUI
wPwb bv, gvbylI wPwb bv| Avgiv kni em avbZi Qwe AuvwK MvgxY wbmMi
Zvwid Kwi| Avgiv kni em evmsMxZ jvjbi Mvb Kwi Avi wb| GB
AvZcZviYv iex`bv_i ga wQj bv| GB Rb iex`bv_ LyeB cvmwK, AZ
cjxDbqb wPvi Rb Avevi cjxi gvbylK Rvbvi RbI|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv Rvwb, bRij I jvjb Zuv`i Rxebevcx wn`ygymjgvbi HK vcbi Pv Ki MQb| iex`bv_ GB KvRwU KZvLvwb KiQb?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : wn`y-gymjgvb HKi Rb GKRb ivRbxwZwe` GKfve
KvR Kieb, GKRb mgvRKgx GKfve KvR Kieb, GKRb agxq ewZ GKfve
KvR Kieb Ges GKRb jLK Avi-GK aib KvR Kieb| Zv jvjb Ges
bRiji K_v GLvb D`vniY wnme ejv nQ| iex`bv_ Zuvi jLvq mvc`vwqK
mcxwZ mK AZ iZc~Y K_v ejQb| Ges wZwb mvc`vwqK AbKi g~j
KviY Abymvbi Pv KiQb| Gi Rbi BwZnvmUv wK, cKw ZUv Kgb Ges wKfve
Gi wbimb nZ cvi iex`bv_i e jLvq GB welqjv GmQ| G
iex`bv_i m jvjb Ges bRiji gwjK cv_K nQ h bRij Ges jvjb

kvkwZKx-21

kvkwZKx-22

Zuv`i Mvb ev mRbkxj iPbvq Gme ejQb| Avi iex`bv_ g~jZ Zuvi gbbkxj
wPvg~jK iPbvi ga w`q wn`y-gymwjg HKi K_v feQb| iex`bv_ gymjgvb
mgvRi cwZ KZvUv gbvhvMx wQjb mwU evSv hvq h wZwb W. gyn` knx`yjvn&
mvneK kvwwbKZbi h U&vw evW Zvi m`m KiwQjb| KvRx Ave`yj I`y`K
wZwb GZvUvB mn KiZb Ges fvjvevmZb mUv ejvi Acv ivL bv| wn`ygymjgvbi weiva GB welq eZv `Iqvi Rb I`y`K wZwb kvwwbKZb AvgY
RvwbqwQjb| 1935 mvji 26,27 I 28 gvP GB wZb w`b GB eZv nq Ges
eqmi fvi byq cov iex`bv_ cwZw`bB GB mfvq DcwZ wQjb| ay ZvB bq, GwU
hLb eB AvKvi ei nq iex`bv_ ZLb Gi QvUv GKwU f~wgKvI wjL w`qwQjb|
iex`bv_i mn, fQv I ciYv gymwjg jLK`i cv_q wQj| KvRx Ave`yj I`y`
_K i Ki RmxgD`&`xb, gyn` gbmyiDxb, e` Avjx wgqv, Ave`yj Kvw`i,
mywdqv Kvgvj, gvngy`v LvZzb wmwKv, mq` gyRZev Avjx, gvqyb Kwei Guiv Zv
mevB iex`bv_i KvQ _K ciYv cqQb iex`bv_i mn, cxwZ, fvjvevmvq
mvZ nqQb| Zuvi AbK jLvq gymjgvb mc`vq mK GgbwK Avgv`i cqM^i
mK ee AvQ Ges wZwb kvi m GB agxq gnvcyilK iY KiQb| Zuvi
GKwU Mvb AvQ, Kvb AvjvK cvYi c`xc Rvwjq aivq Avm| GwU Avgv`i
bexRxi RbwZw_ Dcj iwPZ Ggb K_v kvbv hvq| GUv mwVK wKbv iex`MelKiv
ejZ cvieb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv Rvwb, Kwl Dbqbi Rb iex`bv_ cwZmi MvgxY
evsK vcb KiwQjb| z` FYi aviYvI Avgiv Zuvi KvQ _K cvB| eZgvb
MvgxY evsK I cPwjZ z` FY-Gi m iex`bv_i MvgxY evsK I z` FYGi gwjK cv_K Kv_vq ?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : iex`bv_ wbt^v_fve cwZmi MvgxY Kwl evsK cwZv
KiwQjb Zuvi bvej cyivii UvKv w`q| iex`bv_i Dk wQj gnr, H h
ejjvg, Pvwl-Mii gnvRbi nvZ ew` bv nIqv| Avi GLb hviv KwlFY `b,
z`FY `b, Guiv Zv mevB eemvqx| hw` nK K_v ejZ nq, iex`bv_ wQjb
mgvR`iw`, mgvRKgx, wZwb MvgxY gvbyli fvM cwieZbi Rb MvgxY evsKi
aviYv wbq Kwl evsK vcb KiwQjb| Avi AvRK GB aibi evsK cwZwZ
nqQ cyivcywi eemvwqK gybvdvi `wKvY _K| Ges `ytLi m ejZ nq, GB
aibi evsK _K FYMnYi ci H Mwie Pvwliv FY kva KiZ bv ci AviI
wbt^ nq MQ| G ch cwimsLvb wbj `Lv hve kZ kZ gvbyl AvZnZv
KiQb, GB be bxjKi`i nvZ _K AevnwZ cvIqvi Kvbv Dcvq wQj bv
ej| GLvbB K_vcm Pj Avm RmxgD`&`xbi GKwU Mvbi K_v| RmxgD`&`xb
PgrKvi me Mvb wjLQb G wbq Kvbv AvjvPbv nq bv| `ywfi Ici Zuvi
GKwU AmvaviY Mvb AvQ evRvb Pj hvB Pj gvV jvj evBZ GwU
AvevmDxbi Mjvq wZwiki `kK GBP.Gg.wf. _K ewiqwQj| Zvi GKUv
cO&w nQ, eD w`qvQ Mjvq `wo fyLi Rvjv mBZ| Zgwb Avgv`i Mvgi gvbyl
hviv y`FY MnY Ki Zviv Mjvq `wo w`Z eva nb fyLi Rvjv mBZ, bv my`i
Rvjv mBZ!

gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_i Rxekvq hw` `yB evsjvi wefvRb NUZv Zvnj
wZwb GB wefvRbK wKfve wbZb ej Avcwb gb Kib?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : GUv Zv ejvB evj iex`bv_ KLbI ewefvM Pvbwb|
Zvnj Zv 1905-G iex`bv_K Ni Qo ivRc_ bvgZ nZv bv| `kfvM `Lj
iex`bv_ h `ytL cZb, cwZev` RvbvZb mwU Zv Avgiv Zuvi AvMi cwZwqv
_KB eySZ cvwi| 1905-G hLb ewefvM gb bbwb, 1947 mvj wK Ggb
Awbevh KviY wQj h wZwb GB wefvMK Abygv`b KiZb ?
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv Rvwb, weMZ miKvii Avgj wkjvB`n KzwVevwoi iO
cwieZb Kiv nqQ| G mK Avcbvi cwZwqv wK, RvbZ PvwQjvg|
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : bv, kvbv, Avgiv Qjejv _K `L AvmwQ h GB
KzwVevwoi iO myiwK iO wKsev Mvp Mvjvwc wQj| GUv KLbB mv`v wKsev mv`vU wQj
bv| Avwg GB evcvi AbK eqmx-gvbyl-huv`i eqm 80/90 Qvwoq MQ, Zuv`i
wRm KiwQ| KD ejb wb KzwVevwoi iO mv`v wQj| wRm Kivi KviYUv njv
msw ZwelqK gYvjq GB iO cwieZbi evcvi Z`i Rb GKUv KwgwU MVb
KiwQj, mB KwgwUi AvnvqK wQjb bRij BbwwUDUi wbevnx cwiPvjK
K_vwkx ikx` nvq`vi| AvgvK Zuv`i m GB evcvi wKQy KvR KiZ nqwQj|
Avwg cexY, cvPxb ek wKQy gvbyli mv_ G evcvi Avjvc Kwi, Zviv 70-80 eQi
ai `LQb h KzwVevwoi iOUv H h ejjvg, myowK iO ev Mvjvwc iO wQj| GB
iOUv cwieZb Kbv Kiv nq Avwg Rvwb bv Ze mUv h feywi cwiPq enb Ki
bv GB K_vUv eywS| GB cwieZb KivUv DwPr nqwb Ges GZ iex`bv_i
wZweRwoZ wkjvB`ni KzwVevwoi HwZn b nqQ| GwU GKwU mvswZK Aciva
ej Avwg gb Kwi| GwU weMZ miKvii Avgj nqQ| Zv GB miKvii Avgj
GZ iZmnKvi hLb Zuviv GB evcvi LuvR-Lei wbjb, GKUv Abymvb KwgwUI
MwVZ njv, Zuviv Zuv`i cwZe`bI w`jb Zvici iex`bv_i mvakZRbel
cwiq MjI KywVevwoZ cKZ iOi cuvP jvMjv bv, GwU AZ `yfvMRbK I
e`bv`vqK| miKvii MiR Kiv DwPr wQj iZ `Iqv KZe wQj|
gvRvd&di nvmb : GB iOi cwieZb hLb Kiv njv, ZLb KvbI cwZev` Kiv nqwb?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : AekB nqQ| AbKB KiQb| Avwg wbRI wewfb
wgwWqvq G evcvi K_v ejwQ| Avwg ejwQ, wjLwQ, KvbI dj nqwb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv RbwQ, wkjvB`n wekfviZxi Av`j iex`
wekwe`vjq vcb Kiv ne| G welq Avcbvi Abyfw~ Z RvbZ PvwQjvg|
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : GB welq Avgv`i gvbbxq cavbgx iex`bv_i 149 Zg
RbRqxZ XvKvi Imgvwb wgjbvqZbi Abyvb NvlYv w`qwQjb h, wkjvB`n
iex` wekwe`vjq cwZwZ ne| Gevii mvakZeli AbyvbI wZwb mB NvlYvi
K_vB DjL KiQb| GgbwK RvZxq msm` GK cki DiI wZwb wkjvB`nB
iex` wekwe`vjq ne Ggb ejwQjb| gvbbxq cavbgx hLb ejQb wbqB
iex` wekwe`vjq cwZwZ ne, Ges RvqMvi evcviI wZwb fve DjL
KiQb| wZwb GI DjL Kib, iex`bv_i wZweRwoZ mvRv`cyiI GB

kvkwZKx-23

kvkwZKx-24

wekwe`vjqi GKwU Kvvm _vKe| Zv-Zv _vKZB cvi| GB aibi Kvvm

KjKvZvi iex`fviZx wekwe`vjqi wZb-PviU AvQ RvovmuvKv VvKzievwoZ
AvQ, wewU ivW AvQ, Die bZzb GKUv Pvjy nqQ| ZvB mvRv`cyi Zv mUv
nZB cvi| mBm Avgiv gb Kwi cwZmiI hw` GB wekwe`vjqi GKUv Kwl
Abyl` Kiv nq Zvnj GB wZbwU RvqMv wgwjqB iex` wekwe`vjq c~YZv cve|
Gi m Zv Avevi me Aji gvbyliB Abyf~wZ, AveM Rwoq AvQ Ges mB
AveMK Avwg kv Kwi, mB Abyf~wZK Avwg mvb RvbvB| c~ee iex`wZi h
wfyR Aj mwU GB iex` wekwe`vjq cwZvi ga w`q bZzb ebv cve Ges
iex`wZi Ajjvi ga GKwU AvwZK mK Mo IVvi myhvM wgje|
gvRvd&di nvmb : mvvrKvii GKevi kl chvq Avgiv Pj GmwQ| G
chvq Avwg kvkwZKx mK RvbZ PvwQjvg| kvkwZKxi KqKwU msLv Avcwb
`LQb, kvkwZKx mK Avcbvi AwfgZ wK?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : GLvbI iex`bv_K iY KiB ReveUv Avwg w`Z PvB|
iex`bv_ GK RvqMvq ejQb, `ni me i gyL DV Avmvi bvg ^v bq|
Avgiv wK `LwQ, Avgv`i mewKQyB Zv ivRavbxKw`K| XvKvi evBi h RMr
AvQ, gvbyl AvQ Ges KvR Kiv hvq, KvR Ki PjQ gvbyl bvbv m-K_v
hbv myweavfvMx fvMevb gvbyliv ^xKviB KiZ Pvb bv| ZvB ^xKwZi Rb XvKvi
w`K ZvwKq _vKZ nq| kvkwZKx ei nq ivRkvnx _K Ges Avwg hZ`~i Rvwb
h ivRkvnx wekwe`vjqi KqKRb ZiY Qv-Qvx Zv`i ewMZ D`&hvM ei
Ki _vK| h eqmi Qjiv GLb gv`Kvm nQ, mvm I bivRi ga
wbRK Rwoq djQ, hviv Aea A_i mvb QyUQ, mB c_ bv wMq Giv
mswZPPvi KvR KiQ| kvkwZKxi KqKwU msLv Avwg `LwQ, ZvZ ek Avkv
RMQ| ivRkvnx _K ZiY mswZmexiv h D`&hvM wbqQ wbv I j _vKj
mB cqvm GKw`b mv_K ne, mdj ne| h KwU msLv Avwg `LwQ Zvi ga
GKwU msLvi K_v AvgvK DjL KiZB nq, mwU kvkwZKxi jvKmswZ welq
GKwU wekl msLv| GK K_vq ejv Pj h GwU Lye PvL aivi gZv GKwU KvR|
Aek Avwg GKUz wPwZI kvkwZKxi fwelZi evcvi| GB ZiYiv hLb
covbv kl Ki Rxeb-RxweKvi KvR bvbv w`K Qwoq-wQwUq coe, ZLbI wK
kvkwZKx ei ne? hvZ ei nq mB iKg GKUv aviv Zwi Kiv `iKvi|
kvkwZKxi Rb Avgvi AbK fQv I Awfb`b|
gvRvd&di nvmb : mvi, AvgvK Avcbvi g~jevb mgq `Iqvi Rb AmsL
abev`| Kvgbv Kwi, Avcwb `xN Kggq I my Rxebi AwaKvix nvb|
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : gvRvd&di, Zzwg ivRkvnx _K K Ki Gm Avgvi GB
Gjvgjv K_v bj Ges Zv h aviY Kij Zvi Rb Avwg ZvgvK abev`
RvbvB| Zvgvi ah I kgi cksmv KiZ nq| Zvgvi Ges kvkwZKx cwievii
gj Kvgbv Kwi|

kvkwZKx-25

iex`bv_i KvwZ wQj ^vaxbZvi wfZi ^vaxbZv

Ave`yk kvKzi-Gi mvvrKvi

Ave`yk kvKzii Rb 25k deqvwi 1941
mvj, bvqvLvjx Rjvi myavivg _vbvi
ivgkicyi Mvg| KgRxeb, c_g
wekwe`vjq BsiwR mvwnZ Aavcbv, ci
cvwKvbi wmwfj mvwfm hvM`vb Kib|
Ges evsjv`ki miKvii mwPe wnmve
Aemi MnY Kib| covbv Kib wewea
welq I bvbvb fvlvq| jLb M, Dcbvm,
bvUK, iPbv, ce, wZK_v BZvw`|
1979 mvj evsjv GKvWgx cyivi cvb QvUMi Rb| 2003 mvj cwge
_K cvb Awgqf~lY cyivi| 1410 mb MvjvcmsMni Rb cvb c_g Avjv
elmiv eB cyivi| mgM mvwnZKgi Rb Aj mvwnZ cyivi cvb 2008
mvj| MM, bvUK I Dcbvmi cvkvcvwk cKvwkZ nqQ gnvgwng iex`bv_,
ciivnxb iex`bv_, iex`bv_K hZUzKz Rvwb, msMxZ mswer, evOvjxi gywi
Mvb BZvw` ceM|

iex`msLvi Rb Ave`yk kvKzi-Gi GB mvvrKviwU Avwg B-gBji gvag

MnY KiwQ| gvRvd&di nvmb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : evvjx gvB ivexw`K K_vwUi mv_ Avcwb KZUv mngZ
cvlY Kib ?
Ave`yk kvKzi : K_vUv ejv nq _vK K_vi K_v wnme, AvwgI ej _vwK| wK
KvRi K_v wnme K_vwUi m Avwg we`ygv mngZ bB| KviY, mngZ nj
evsjv`ki MYgvbyl, wekl Ki Mvgevsjvi RbmvaviY, evOvwj _vKb bv| Kbbv
Zuviv ivexw`K Zv bbB iex`bv_K Rvbb bv, GgbwK PbbI bv| ZvI
Avgv`i gZv iex`-jLK`i `vlB| iex`bv_K Zuvi mvgwMK wPvPZbv,
avbaviYv I w`Kwb`kbvmn Dcvcbvi gvag eni evOvwjmgvRi `bw`b
Rxeb cvmwK Ki ZzjZ cvwiwb Avgiv| Zuvi ^`kPZbv, ivRbxwZ-wPv,
^vaxbZvfvebv, Mvgfvebv Ges cwiekfvebvi m RbmvaviYK mycwiwPZ Ki
Zvjv nqwb| Avgiv bMievmxivI iex`bv_i Mvgvbqb-gvbevbqbgyLx Kgavivq
hvM bv w`q Kej Zuvi kveKve I `kKve h_v Mvb Avi bvPi Avb`avivq
KvjvnjgyLi _vKvKB ivexw`K nIqv vb KiwQ| A_vr mvab KgxK Gwoq
Kej PviY KweK wbqB gZwQ| fzjwQ h wZwb hyMcr Kwei I KweKgx| L
iex`bv_K bq, AL iex`bv_K Rxebi mx Ki wbZ cvijB Kej evOvwjK
h_v A_ ivexw`K ejv hve|
kvkwZKx-26

gv. nv. : Avcwb ivRkvnx iex` cwil`i AvqvwRZ GK Abyvb eZv c`vbKvj
ejwQjb, iex`bv_i c_gw`KKvi Mvbwj AveM ev fvevwkZ Ges kli w`KKvi
Mvbwj nQ icvwkZ| Avgiv Rvwb, Avcwb GKRb mxZ Ges msMxZwkxI eU|
ZvB welqwUK Avi GKUz wevwiZfve Avcbvi KvQ _K bZ PvwQjvg|
Av. kv. : iex`bv_i Mvbi m~Yic cwiYZ chvq aiv nq Zuvi KvRviRxebi kl cewUK (1921-1941)| G-cewUK ZvwKMY ejb fve`vZK I
iccKvkK ivMivwMYx I Kveimi AviK aibi Mv-hgybv mg| msMxZRix
a~RwUcmv` ejb, G-chvqi Mvbwj m~Y Bm&_wUK wKsev icvKzj| GKB K_v
Bw`iv `ex PayivbxI ejQb Zuvi iex`wZZ : AbK Zuvi c_g eqmi Mvb
ewk cQ` Kib, Zvi fvlv I fve mij ggkx ej| wZwb wbR AvgvK ejQb
Avgvi AvMKvi Mvbwj Bgvkbvj, GLbKviwj Bm&_wUK&|
K_vUvi Gvi cgvY wgje MxZweZvbi wewP ce msKwjZ wewfb FZz-Ai
ewea Mvb, weklZ AvbyvwbK-kxlK mxZ| kl cei wek eQi Kwe fvei
Mvbi Nvi KvwUq ici Mvbi jxjvq wefvi wQjb| KwewPi Bgvkb _K
BgvwRbkbi w`K, A_vr `qew _K eywewi w`K, AMMwZ Aek A Dwbk
kZK _KB j Kiv hvwQj| 1897 mvj iwPZ Kb evRvI MvbwUi D`vniY
w`q 1935 mvj iex`bv_ a~RwUcmv`K wjLQb :
c_g eqm Avwg `qfve cKvk Kievi Pv KiwQ Mvb, Avkv Kwi mUv KvwUq DVwQ
ci| cwiYZ eqmi Mvb fve-evrjvevi Rb bq, ic `evi Rb| Zrmswk KvewjI
AwaKvskB ici evnb| Kb evRvI KuvKb KbKb KZ Qjfi GZ hv cKvk cvQ Zv
Kbvi icjxjv| fvecKvk ew_Z `qi cqvRb AvQ, iccKvk AnZzK| gvjKvli
PZvj hLb wb ZvZ Kvbvnvwmi mK `wL b, ZvZ `wL MxZici MxiZv|

gv. nv. : Avcwb GKRb K_vmvwnwZK wnmve evsjv K_vmvwnZ iex`bv_i

Zzjbvg~jK AevbUv Kgb ne ej gb Kib ?
Av. kv. : K_vmvwnZ iex`bv_i Zzjbvg~jK Aevb GLbv ch AbwZv|
fwelZI Ggwb AbwZg _vKe wKbv Zv nqZv GLwb ejv hve bv| Ze Zuvi
MQi AbK M, Dcbvm Mviv Ges ewMZ cevewji cvq meB evsjv fvlv
I mvwnZ exclusive class ev ^Z kwYZ-h wPiKvjB weivR Kie mK_v GLwb
ejv hvq| Avwg GLwb Aviv ejZ PvBev h Dj DBU, wnDgvi, PgKc`
KbvF icK, mmvwiZ Dcgvmg nvmKZzKi wkxZj Avb`avivq
cengvb me`v mev imvxY M`wkxi Avmi iex`bv_ VvKzii gZv wekl
DrKlej mevrK wkx Avi KD Avmeb bv ejB gb nq|
gv. nv. : bvix wkv, evj weevn I weaev weevn bvix welqK GB wZbwU ck
iex`bv_i wPv-PZbvi mv_ Zuvi cvwievwiK Rxeb A_vr practice-Gi Kvb
^-weivwaZv wQj wK-bv ?
Av. kv. : wQj| welqwU wevwiZ ejv `iKvi| h-iex`bv_ jLvq I eZvq Ggb
cMwZkxj, bvixev`x Ges mgvRmPZb GKRb evi fveg~wZ Mo Zvjb, wZwb
Kgb Ki Zuvi wZb Kbvi evjweevn w`Z cvib Agb wbggfve? Kwe eov gq
gvayixjZv Iid ejvi (1886-1918) hLb weq `b, ZLb Zuvi eqm gv Pv
kvkwZKx-27

eQi| gRv gq iYyKv Iid ivYxi (1891-1903) weq `b gv mvo `k eQi

eqm| QvUv gq AZmxjZv Iid gxivi (1894-1969) weq `b eqm Pv cvi
nZB| iex`RxebxKvi cfvZKzgvi gyLvcvavq wjLQb : iex`bv_ GZKvj
evjweevni wei M` c` e iPbv wjwLqv Aekl ^qs mB wRwbmUv mg_b Kwijb
Kx Kwiqv evYx I Rxebi ga G AmsMwZ Kb, Zvnvi m`yi bvB| (c. 34, wZxq L,
iex`Rxebx, wekfviZx, 1999)|
iweRxebxKvi ckKzgvi cvj wjLQb : P eQiiI Kgeqmx gvayixjZvi weevni Rb
iex`bv_i e nIqvZ Avheva bv Ki cviv hvq bv|...Kej Kwe bq, evOvwj mgvR Zuvi
fwgKv wQj wPvbvqKi| ZvB ew^v_ Zuvi mvgvwRK fwgKv weiYi BwZewU wKwr
A^wKi| (c. 290, iweRxebx, PZz_ L, Avb` cvewjkvm, KjKvZv, 2001)|

h-evsjv _K bvixRvMiYi nvIqv ZLb mviv fviZel gk Qwoq coQ mB

evsjvq, wekl Ki KjKvZv I mwbwnZ Aj, m-bvixgywwPvi nvIqvi eM
Zzjbvg~jKfve ewk nIqvB ^vfvweK| A_P RvovmuvKvi VvKzicwievi iex`bv_i
wnmvq m-cfvei jkgv bB| Abvb wnmvq wK ek AvQ| KweKbv ejvi
13 eQii eo mywkvcvv fvwZwR Bw`iv `exi (1873-1960) weq nq 26 eQi
eqm| ejvi 14 eQii eo Kwei fvMwb mijv `exi (1872-1945) weq nq 33
eQi eqm| wZwb VvKzievwoZ kke KvwUq e_yb zj fwZ nq Kwe Kvwgbx ivq,
jwW Aejv emy cgy Li mv_x nb, 1886 mvj GUv I 1890 mvj BsiwRZ
Abvmmn weG cvk Ki ^Yc`K cvb| Zuv`i wcZv`i Avq ewk wQj ejvi gvb
`uvove Kej UvKvi AfveB iex`bv_ Zuvi Kbv`i wkvi e`j evjweevn w`Z
eva nqwQjb| GUv avc wUKe bv, eis nvwmi D`K Kie|
Ze ^xq Kbv`i e-AvBwb weq `evi cQb iex`bv_i Avw_K weePbv
AekB wQj weqwji LiP Rwg`vwii miKvwi Znwej _K gvbR Kiv, hUv
`e`bv_i gZz i ci eb nq hvIqv Rwg`vwii miv _K cvIqv me nZv
bv| gnwli eqm ZLbB 84 cibvi gyL, kixiI wbwZB AebwZkxj| G hb
wbRi Avw_K mUgvPbi Rb gqwjK wemRb `Iqv| mUvI Zv iex`Pwii Ici fvjv Avjv dj bv| eZ Zuvi cwZwU Kbvi Acwimxg `ytLKi
Rxebi GKK iPwqZv ^qs iex`bv_B| hw`I Kwecy i_x`bv_i AvgwiKvq wevb
Zcmvi gZv Zuvi KjKvZvq gvUii eemvI Aw`bB e nq hvq, Zey wcZv Zuvi
cywUK mycw ZwZ KiZ Pvi Kvbv Kmyi Kibwb| wcZvi GB Pvi wQUduvUv
_KI ejv-ivwb-gxiviv ewZ njb Kb? Kb Zuv`i h_vh_ wkvi eev bv
Ki mvZ ZvovZvwo msmvii Nvwb UvbZ eva Kiv nj?
KjKvZvq ev wkjvB`n ev kvwwbKZbi wkvcwZvb Kbv`i Dchy
wkvjvfi myhvM `vbi Dcvq I mvg_ Kwei h_B wQj| Zvi cwieZ Gi-Ii
GUv-IUvi Rb AwbqwgZ nvDm-wUDUi wnme BsiR wkwKv ev evOvwj wkKi
wbhywZ KweKbv`i Zgb wKQz ARb nqwb| Kwei gbvfve hb Zv`i h_vhvM
wkv-`xv njI Pj, bv-njI Pj|
fveZ Avh jvM, h mgq gq`i weq I wkv wbq wn`ymgvRi msviK I
msiK`i ga me _K ewk gZf` `Lv w`qwQj mB msKUjM iex`bv_

kvkwZKx-28

wn`yweevn bvg GK my`xN ce wjL mvq Avmvwmqkb nj cvV Kijb|

cewUZ Kwe evjweevni Zxe weivwaZv Kijb| A_P wZwb wbRi gqi
hebvMgi AvMI weq w`jb| GB iex`bv_B meyRc xi c bvgK
QvUMwU wjL mvwnwZK Ges mgvRZvwK gnj Zzgyj Avjvob mw Kib eis
ejv hZ cvi evsjv mvwnZ bvixwe`vniB m~Pbv Kib|
GB cm DjLhvM, ivggvnb ivq cewZZ wn`yagi we GKkiev`
wbwqfve AbymiY Kivq Ges mgvR msvi ev cPviagx Kvbv iKg mwq D`vM
MnY _K weiZ _vKvq gnwl `e`bv_ VvKzii (1817-1905) Avw` evmgvR
wejy nq| Abw`K KkeP` mbi (1838-1884) weqKi evwMZv, cvwZ I
wbijm Dxcbvq beMwVZ fviZelxq evmgvR mviv evsjvq Ges fviZeli Di
cwg c`k, cve, gv`vRmn wewfb Aj cfve wevi Ki| g~jZ GB mgvRi
Pvq miKvi 1872 wLv AvBb cvm Ki evjweevn I eweevn wbwl Ki Ges
weaevweevn ev wn`y-gymwjg cfwZi gZv ^xKZ agvej^x bb Ggb me bi-bvixi
ga AmeY weevnK eaZv `vb Ki|
GB cwicwZ ck nj, 1872 wLv evjweevn AvBbZ wbwl nIqv mI
iex`bv_ 1901 mvj eov I gRv gqi Ges 1907 mvj QvUv gqi
evjweevn w`q wK Wvnv eAvBwb KvR Kibwb? Avw` ev mgvRi GKKvji
mv`K nqI wbRi gq`i wkvi AwaKvi ev myhvMjvf _K ewZ Ki Kwe I
mgvRi wkvbvqK wcZv h-MwnZ KvRwU KiQb mUvK Kej iYkxjB bq,
cwZwqvkxjI ejZ ne|
VvKzievwoi Abvb AwaKvsk wk zj-KjR coZ MjI iex`bv_ wbRi
mvb`i KjKvZvi zj cvVvbwb Kbbv iex`RxebxKvii fvlvq, Zv`i
wkv`xv m^ Zuvi wbR^ gZ AvQ...| eve wK `Lv Mj h Kwei gqiv
evwoZI jLvcov Kivi Zgb myhvM cjb bv| 1308 mvji Avlvp-kveY gvm
eov I gRv gqi weqi ci H eQiB 7B cl cuvPwU Qv wbq cwZwZ nj
kvwwbKZbi ePhvkg cvPxb fviZi iMni Av`k| QvUv gq gxivi
eqm ZLb gv mvZ eQi| Zuvi covbvi eev wcZ`e GB we`vjqI wK
Kibwb| mvaviY ev mgvRi cMwZev`x mfiv hLb gq`i DPwkvjvfi
myhvM `Iqvi Rb cyilkvwmZ mgvR Rvi cPvi PvjvQb ZLb iex`bv_ GKRb
`vwqZkxj I `~i`kx wcZv Ges mgvR mycwiwPZ GKRb kq ewZ wnme Avcb
Kbv`i KjR-BDwbfvwmwUZ DPZi wkvi Z_v ewZMVbi Dchy myhvM w`q
RbmvaviYi mvgb Dj GKUv BwZevPK `v vcb KiZ cviZb| wK Zv bv
Ki wZwb GK GK wZbwU KbvKB evjweevn w`q kievwo cvwVq w`jb!
GB cm gb co, VvKzievwoi gqiv Mvmvb hZb NivUvc cvw Po| e
cvw my Zuv`i Rj Pzweq Zvjv nZ| NvU bg mvb Kivi myhvM cZb bv
Zuviv| Av Av mB evwoZ AMvb, wcqvbv, dzU cfwZ wejvwZ ev`h I
Avmeveci gZv wejvwZ wkv Ges KZv-KvbybI XzKQ|

iex`bv_i gRv `v`v, fviZeli c_g AvB. wm. Gm mZ`bv_ ev^vB _K

evwo Avmvi mgq x vb`vbw`bxK ggi cvkvK cwiq GbQb| ZuvK gvwmK
evjK cwKv mv`bvi KvR wbqvwRZ nZ w`qQb| mevcwi meKg x^vaxbZvi Rxe `vic GKUv Av`k Zzj aiZ w`qQb Avengvb Kvji wei
mgvRwUi mvgb|
Kwei bZzb `v`v RvwZwi`bv_ Ges Zuvi x Kv`^ix `yUv Nvovq Pc Moi gvV
eovZ hZb jvKwb`vq Kvb bv w`q| GB `yB `v`vi m Kkvi I hebi AbK
w`b KvUvjI iex`bv_ Avcb Kbv`i wejvwZ nvIqv _K `~i iLQb Zv eUB Le
KiQb Zuv`i ^vaxbZv I mKj mvebv| A_P gRv`v`v mZ`bv_ Zuvi Kbv
Bw`ivK Ges bw`w` ^YKzgvix Zuvi Kbv mijvK jLvcovi mKj myhvM w`qwQjb|
mvdvB MvBZ bv-PvBj ejZ nq iex`bv_ Avcb mvb`i cwZcvjbi
wj-elgi cwiPq w`qQb| gq`i wkv I weq `Iqvi evcvi wZwb
iYkxj gvbwmKZvi cwiPq w`qQb| gnwli AvMn Kwei evwjKvea~ gYvwjbx fwZ
nqwQjb jiUv zj| A_P Zuvi Kbviv Kvbv zjiB gyL `Ljb bv, evwoZI
ewkw`b jLvcov Kivi myhvM cjb bv|
iex`bv_i AvPiY Amvgmi ev Zuvi K_vq I KvR ^weivwaZvi `v AbKB
AvQ| mgvRmsviK wbwkKv Pvcvavqi gR`v`v wewk wkK I mgvRmex
ev beKvi cy bwjbxKvi m GK weaevi weq nq| mUvB wQj Avw`
evmgvRi c_g weevn| iex`bv_B AvPvh wnme f AbyvbwU cwiPvjbv Kib|
A_P wZwbB Avevi vZzy ej`bv_ VvKzii ea~ 14 eQi eqmi weaev mykxjv
(1885-1928) Iid mvnvbvi cybweevn VwKq Zuvi `ytLx RxebwUK (wPiiM ^vgxi
wbtmvb x, eDbv` kii weaev cyea~) mxgvnxb Mvwbi Awg AwUZ Vj
`b wcZvi Av`k h Abvq Av`k Gi AvM cZvLvZ nqQ Kwei AMR
wR`, mZ` Ges RvwZwi`bv_i viv| Aviv DjL h Av`kwU wQj 1856
mvj cewZZ weaevweevn AvBbi mivmwi cwicx|
gv. nv. : iex`bv_ ejQb, ^vaxbZv evwnii wRwbm bn wfZii wRwbm,
myZivs Zvnv KvnviI KvQ nBZ Pvwnqv cvBevi Rv bvB| hZY wbRi kwi viv
Avgiv mB kw jvf bv Kwi ZZYB Avgiv civaxb| GB kwUv wKfve Avme
ej wZwb (iex`bv_ VvKzi) gb Kib ?
Av. kv. : wZwb gb Kib c_g iB ARb KiZ ne AvwZK ^vaxbZv| iex`bv_i
KvQ ^vaxbZvi evLv wQj cPwjZ A_i _K AbK Mfxi| iex`bv_i KvwZ
wQj ^vaxbZvi wfZi ^vaxbZv co cvIqv ev Ko bIqv ^vaxbZv bq| ZvB
we`kxi bvMcvkgvPbB Kwei KvQ ^vaxbZv bq| wZwb ejwQjb `kK Rq Ki
wbZ ne cii nvZ _K bq wbRi bg _K, J`vmxb _K| Zuvi ^`kx
mgvR ce ^`kx Av`vjbKvj iex`bv_ RvwZi AvZkwi RvMiY Ges AvwZK
^vaxbZvi Ici Rvi w`qB weZwKZ nqwQjb| Kvjvi Mi mZi Avnvb
ce wZwb wjLQb : evi evi Avwg Kej GKwU K_v evSvevi cqvm cqwQ h gvbylK

kvkwZKx-29

kvkwZKx-30

AwaKvi Pq wbZ ne bv, AwaKvi mw KiZ ne|...mw`b `ki jvKK GB ej mveavb

Kievi `iKvi wQj h, fviZ BsiR h AvQ GUv evBii NUbv, `k h AvQ GUvB Avgv`i
wfZii K_v|...fviZ BiRi Avwefve-bvgK evcviwU eicx; AvR m BsiRi g~wZZ,
Kvj m Ab we`kxi g~wZZ Ges Zvi ciw`b m wbRi `kx jvKi g~wZZ wb`viY nq
`Lv `e| GB ciZZvK aYyevY nvZ evBi _K Zvov Kij m Avcbvi Lvjm e`jvZ
e`jvZ Avgv`i nqivb Ki Zzje|

ZvB Ki ZzjQ m cewU iPbvi cvq kZ ermi ciI, Ges `kx jvKi
g~wZZB| KviY Avgiv AvRI Avgv`i `kK ^`kic mw Ki ZzjZ cvwiwb,
iex`bv_ hgb ejQb Zgwb Ki| ZvB Avgv`i ^`kK Avgiv AvRI cvBwb|
Kgb Ki cZ ejwQjb Kwe? ejwQjb gvbyli h_v_ ^ic nQ Zvi
AvZkwmb AicKwZZ, GBRb h `kK gvbyl mw Ki Zvj Avcbvi vb eywZ
cg Kg mB `kB Zvi ^`k| wZwb ejQb : GKwU enr ^`kx Kg Avgv`i
AvqMZ bv _vwKj Avgvw`MK wPiw`bB `yej _vwKZ nBe, Kvbv Kkj GB wbRxe
`yejZv nBZ wbwZ cvBe bv| h Avgvw`MK Kg w`e, mB Avgv`i cwZ KZZ Kwie,
Bnvi Ab_v nBZB cvi bv...AZGe mechZ Avgvw`MK Ggb GKwU ^`kx Kg
Mwoqv ZzwjZ nBe hLvb ^`kx we`vjqi wkwZMY wkKZv, c~ZKvh, wPwKrmv cfwZ
`ki wewP gjKgi eevq wbhy _vwKeb|

GBme ce Kgbfve AvZwbfikxj nq IVv me Zvi mg iciLvI Ab

KiQb wZwb| Kwei ^`kPZbv I ^vaxbZvfvebv ^vZ mgyj, GLbv m~Y
cvmwK, AvRI c~Yic evevqbi Acvq co AvQ| ^`kx hyMi AeewnZ
c~e _KB fvei I Kgi RMrK GKB LvZ cevwnZ KiZ PqwQjb Kwei|
exq RbMYi KvQ iex`bv_i c_g fwgKv ZLb PviYKwei| Zuvi fvei Mvbwj
AvZweZ RvwZi ga AvZkwi Avv wdwiq AvbZ mnvqK nqwQj|
^`kx hyM iex`bv_i wZxq fwgKvwU wQj KweKgxi| ^`kx mgvRi msweavb
cYqb, Mvg cybMVb cwiKbvq, wkvi mvweK msvi mvabvq, MYgvbyli `vwi`
gvPb I A_bwZK Dbqb cPvq `k I RvwZi MVbg~jK GK enr Kghi
cyivwnZic iex`bv_i KgPj icwU mgKvjxb BwZnvm wPiKvj Dj _vKvi
gZv| ay cwiKbvB bq, Zvi evevqbI KiwQjb Kwe Zuvi mxwgZ gZvi
AvIZvq wkvmsvi Ges cjxmsvii gWjic kvwwbKZb I kxwbKZb Mo
Zvjvi gvag|
^`kx mgvR, ^`kx mgvR cei cwiwk, fviZelxq mgvR, Qv`i cwZ mvlY,
mZi Avnvb, Kvjvi cfwZ iPbvq evsjv`k I evOvwj RvwZi AvZAvwevii h c_
iex`bv_ wb`k KiwQjb m c_wU iex`-gWj wnme, kZel ai Pjgvb mU
fvivv `kevmxi KvQ `kMVbi wbZbZzb gWj Dcvcbi e`j, Pov gWjic
MnxZ nevi mgq GmQ| gWjwU GKK_vq AvZwbfikxjZvi gvag AvZkwi mw Kiv
Ges AvZkwi gvag AvZKZZ mw Kiv|
gv. nv. : iex`bv_ h cjxmwgwZ vcbvi K_v ejQb| mB cjxmwgwZ
eZgvb mgqi MvgxY cvcU KZUv cvmwK ne ej Avcwb gb Kib ?
Av. kv. : m~Y cvmwK ne| iex`bv_ AvwiK wekvm _KB ejwQjb
Pxb`ki gZv MvgB Avgv`i `ki cvY cwZv wQj| bvMwiK mfZvi BsiR
kvkwZKx-31

RvZ Gm Mvgi m Avgv`i Avengvb MuvUQovwU KU w`qQ| G`k fwgi cKZ

gvwjK wQj iv Ges ivi c ivqZx ^Z fvMx wQj Rwgi Pvlx| BsiR Gm mB
Pvlxi _K fvM^Zw U Ko wbq Rwgi wPivqx e`ve Ki w`j Rwg`viK, Kej
ivR^ Av`vq KVvifve KvhKi Kivi JcwbewkK ^v_| AvaywbK hyM Gfve
MvgevsjvK `Lb iex`bv_B c_g| ^Q `wZ evweK `kK `Lvi I Abyfe
Kivi welqwU PgrKvifve RvwbqQb wZwb : Avgv`i c_g eqm fviZgvZv, fviZjx
cfwZ kwj en`vqZb jvf Kwiqv Avgv`i KbvK AvQb KwiqvwQj| wK gvZv h Kv_vq
cZ AvQb Zvnv KLbv Kwiqv fvwe bvB; jx `~i _vKzb, Zuvnvi cPKUvK ch
KLbv P `wL bvB|...gvZvji c g` hic Lv`i Acv wcq nq Avgv`i cI
`kwnZlvi bkv ^qs `ki PqI eov nBqv DwVqvwQj|
Zvi cii cvZB wjLQb : fviZgvZv h wngvjqi `yMg Povi Dci wkjvmb ewmqv
KejB KiY myi exYv evRvBZQb, GK_v avb Kiv bkv Kiv gv wK fviZgvZv h
Avgv`i cjxZB ckl cvbvcyKz ii avi gvjwiqvRxY cxnvivMxK Kvj jBqv Zvnvi
c_i Rb Avcb k~b fvvii w`K nZvk`wZ Pvwnqv AvQb, Bnv `LvB h_v_ `Lv
(Qv`i cwZ mvlY, AvZkw)|

^`kx Av`vjb iPbvq iex`bv_i wbM~p wK ^Z ^`kfvebvB cwijwZ nq|

Zuvi gZ : ^`kx Av`vjbi Rb `ki gb cZ
Ges m KviY cvqZ, Mvg
mwjb, cjxmwgwZ cfwZ vcbv GLb GKvB AvekK| cjxi Ab-e-Avkq-wkvivvNvU cfwZ mK mg AfvegvPbi fvi wbRivB MnY Kiv, Avi KvnvKI MnY
KwiZ bv `Iqv GwU cjxmwgwZi g~jbxwZ| GBfve wKQzw`b KvR KwiZ cvwij cjxi
`ytLx `wi``i m Avgv`i `qi hvM msvwcZ nBe Ges GK nIqvi mv_KZv Avgiv
eywSZ cvwie| AvZkw Pvjbv Kwiqv K Zi c_K AwaKvix nIqvi Rb GBic
cjxmwgwZZ Avgv`i GLb nvZ Lwo KwiZ nBe|

ay Dc`k bq, Kzwqv, wkjvB`n, KvjxMvg GBme fvebv evevwqZ KiZ ewMZ
Kg-D`vMI wbqwQjb wZwb| cieZxKvj mB iex`-gWjwU AbymZ
nqwb| Avgiv
wK iex`bv_-fvweZ mic cjxmwgwZ ^vaxb evsjv`kI Mo Zzwjwb GLbv ch|
dj Avgv`i miKvi-cwZwZ Mvg miKvi UKwb, Av`k Mvg m nqwb|
mgvR f` ce wZwb ejb : `ki Ab Uvji Avi cU fwiZQ bv; `ywfi `vq
GK GK Zvnviv miKvwi Abmi kiYvcb nBZQ; `ki abx gvbxiv Rbvbi evwZ
wbevBqv w`qv KwjKvZvq gvUi Mvwo Pwoqv wdwiZQ| ZvB `ki Rwg`viw`MK ewjZwQ,
nZfvM ivqZw`MK cii nvZ I wbRi nvZ nBZ iv Kwievi Dchy wkwZ my I
kwkvjx Kwiqv bv Zzwjj Kvbv fvj AvBb ev AbyKj
ivRkwi viv Bnviv K`vP iv
cvBZ cvwie bv| Bnvw`MK `wLevgv mKjiB wRnv jvjvwqZ nBe| Ggwb Kwiqv `ki
AwaKvsk jvKKB hw` Rwg`vi gnvRb cywjm KvbybMv Av`vjZi Avgjv, h BQv m
AbvqvmB gvwiqv hvq I gvwiZ cvi, Ze `ki jvKK gvbyl nBZ bv wkLvBqvB ivRv
nBZ wkLvBe Kgb Kwiqv?

ivwkqvi wPwVZ wZwb Aviv Ki ejQb Rwg`vwi cwiPvjbvi mgq Kx wQj Zuvi
Awfcvq : PvlxK AvZkwZ `p Ki ZzjZ ne, GB wQj Avgvi Awfcvq| G m^ `yUv
K_v me`vB Avgvi gb Av`vwjZ nqQ Rwgi ^Z bvqZ Rwg`vii bq, m Pvlxi|
wZxqZ, mgevqbxwZ Abymvi Pvli GK Ki Pvl bv KiZ cvij Kwli DbwZ nZB
kvkwZKx-32

cvi bv| gvvZvi Avgji nvj jvOj wbq Avj-euvav UzKiv RwgZ dmj djvbv Avi dzUv
KjmxZ Rj Avbv GKB K_v|

iex`bv_ gZ Mvgi KvRi `yUv w`K AvQ| KvR GLvb _K KiZ ne, m
m wkvI KiZ ne| G`i mev KiZ nj wkv jvf Kiv PvB| gvb, G`i
_K AvM wkv bIqv PvB| cmZ Ze h DwjwLZ mgvRZi gj
mZwjK iex`bv_ fvlvq cKvk Kivi ci eveI cgvY KiQb wekkZKi
iZ| mme Gwoq wMq Avgiv Kej Zuvi Kve cowQ Avi Mvb MqwQ|
cwZc GKB evYx cvk eQi ci gvI m Zzs cPvi KivgvB Zuvi KvQ _K
Avgiv Zv Kvivbi evYxi gZv kvfiB MnY KiwQ|
cjx msMVbi c_g chvqB iex`bv_ Pvjy Kib wnZlxew I KjvYew| mB
eveZ msMnxZ me UvKvB eq nZv Rwg I cRvi Dbqb| cRv`i KvQ _K nvjeKqv LvRbvi UvKv-cwZ wZb cqmv wnmve wnZlxew Av`vq nZ| Rwg`vwi miv
_K gvU msMnxZ UvKvi mgcwigvY `Iqv nZ Ges mB UvKv LiPi eev KiZ
cRv`i viv wbevwPZ wnZlx mfv|
KjvYewI UvKvq wZb cqmv| Zvi Rb Avjv`v iwm`I `Iqv nZ Ges Av`vqi
mgcwigvY UvKv w`Zb Rwg`vi wbR| GBfve eQi cuvP-Qq nvRvi UvKv msMnxZ
nZ| ZvQvov mvqivZ-gnvj e`ve nj gvU bRii kZKiv AvovB UvKv I bvgLvwiRi bRivbv miKvwi AvBb kZKiv cuvP UvKv Av`vq nZ| GB UvKvB eq nqQ
ivvNvU wbgvY, gw`i-gmwR` msvi, zj-gv`vmv vcb Avi Pvlx`i wec`Avc`i mvnvh|
wkjvB`n vwcZ nq gnwl `vZe wPwKrmvjq| cwZmi emvbv nq eo nvmcvZvj
Ges KvjxMvg ciMYvi wZbwU wefvM wbqvwRZ nb wZb Rb Wvvi| nj_&
KvAcviwUf&-Gi gvag wPwKrmvi eev mviv fviZel mec_g Pvjy Kib
iex`bv_B, Zuvi wbR Rwg`vwiZ|
Kzwqv _K wkjvB`n ch Qq gvBj ivv iex`bv_ Zwi Kwiq `b GB kZ h
iYveYi `vwqZ be vbxq Mvgevmx| Kzqv Luvovi `vwqZ `b MvgevmxK Avi
wZwb `vwqZ bb GU _K Kzqv euvavbvi| cyKzi msviI Pj GKB ixwZbxwZZ|
iex`bv_i Askx`vwi-wfwK Dbqbi KvhKi GB bxwZwUK Zuvi ^Kvj KD Avgj
bqwb| wK GKB wRwbm cvwUwmcUwi WfjcgU digyjv bvg cwg _K
bvRj nIqvgvB Zvi Ici wcGBP. wW. wbZ evOvwjI `j `j jvBb `uvwoqQ|
cwZmi Kwe GKwU agMvjvI emvb, mLvb Ges wkjvB`n vcb Kib Av`k
Kwl hLvb my`~i AZxZi mB 1910 mvjB eeZ nq Uvi, cvmU Avi
mvi Ges Pvl nq ZLbKvi DPdjbkxj dmj| bKv evSvB b Bwjk mvq wKb
ZvZ P~b w`q gvwUZ cyuZ Zwi nq Remvi| AwaK djbi Rb cwZwZ nq Kwl
jveiUwi| KvjxMvg Pvl mK GK wPwVZ Kveimi Kvievix Zuvi RbK KgxK
wjLQb : cRv`i evevwo, Zi AvBj cfwZ vb Avbvim Kjv LRyi cfwZ dji
MvQ jvMvBevi Rb Zvnv`i DrmvwnZ KwiI| Avbvimi cvZv nBZ Lye gReyZ myZv evwni

kvkwZKx-33

nq| djI weqhvM| wkgyj, Avyi MvQ eov cfwZi KvR jvMvBqv Zvi g~j nBZ wKic
Lv` evwni Kiv hvBZ cvi ZvnvI cRvw`MK wkLvbv AvekK| Avjyi Pvl cPwjZ KwiZ
cvwij wekl jvfi nBe|

KyUxiwki DbqbI nvZ w`qwQjb iex`bv_| eqbwk kLvZ kxivgcyi wbq

hvIqv nj GKRb ZuvZxK| vbxq GKRb gymjgvb RvjvK cvVvbv nj
kvwwbKZb ZuvZi KvR wkLZ| wZwb Gm Lyjjb ZuvZi zj| cUvwii KvRI
nvZ `Iqv nj GKB mgq| iex`bv_ cy i_x`bv_K GK wPwVZ jLb :
evjcyi GKUv avbfvbv Kj PjP mB iKg GKUv Kj GLvb (cwZmi) AvbZ cvij wekl
KvR jvMe|...GLvbKvi Pvlx`i Kvb& industry kLvbv hZ cvi mB K_v fvewQjyg| GLvb
avb Qvov Avi wKQy Rbvq bv| G`i _vKevi ga Kej k GuUj gvwU AvQ| Avwg RvbZ PvB
Pottary wRwbmUvK Cottage industry-ic MY Kiv Pj wKbv| GKevi Lei wbq `wLm
QvULvU furnace Avwbq GK Mvgi jvK wgj G KvR Pvjvbv meci wKbv|
AviKUv wRwbm AvQ QvZv Zwi KiZ kLvbv| m iKg kLvevi jvK hw` cvIqv hvq
Zvnj wkjvB`n Aj GB KvRUv Pvjvbv hZ cvi| bM` ejwQj Lvjv Zwi KiZ
cvi Ggb Kzgvi GLvb AvbZ cvij wei DcKvi nq| jvK wUbi Qv` w`Z Pvq ci
IV bv Lvjv cj myweav nq|

`qvjy Rwg`vi mvRvi e`j ^vej^x cRv evbvevi eevcbvq D`vMx Rwg`vi
iex`bv_i cRvmvaviYi mvgvwRK AwZi mvweK w`K gbvhvM `evi cwqvq
mvwjwki w`KI bRi coj| wZwb cRv`i wbR^ wePvi eev Pvjy Ki w`jb| Zuvi
Avgj Rwg`vwii ga Kvbv weev` wbq cRviv Av`vjZ hZ bv|
cZK Mvgi jvKiv Zuv`i wfZi _K GKRbK cavb gbvbxZ KiZb| IB
MvgcavbivB ci Avevi ciMYvi me cavb`i ga _K cuvPRbK gbvbxZ
KiZb| Zuv`i ejv nZ ccavb| weev` I weiva ccavbivB wgwUq w`Zb|
kl Avcxj iex`bv_i KvQ| GB wePvi Am nq Kvbv c Av`vjZ bvwjk
Kij Mvgi jvKiv ZuvK mgvRPzZ Ki w`Zb| iex`bv_ cewZZ GB wePvi
eevq gvgjvi Kvbv LiP jvMZ bv, wePvi wej^I nZ bv| GB eev KvjxMvg
ciMYvq iex`cq vYi ciI `kwefvM chB Pvjy wQj|
Zvnj `Lv hvq h MvgcvqZ c_v ceZbiI c~em
w~ i mgvRZvwK iex`bv_,
ivRbxwZK dRjyj nK I RvwZ emy cgyL Zuvi `~ieZx I my`i~ eZx Dim~wigv|
mgevq mK iex`bv_i AvMnI Zuvi Kg Rxebi mB Avw` hyMi| wZwb cwivi
ejwQjb, MvgK euvPvZ nj mgevqbxwZ Qvov Avgv`i Dcvq bB| HKwK Pvl
m^I cw_KZi Ae`vb iex`bv_i, whwb cwZmi mB 1905 mvjB Kwl evsK
vcb Kib mgevqbxwZ evevqbK| wZwb `Ljb, gnvRb`i KvQ _K Pvlx`i
gy KiZ bv cvij `ki `yMw Z `~i ne bv|
cmZ DjL h iex`bv_i mgevq-Av`vjbi j wQj Kwl HKwK Pvl
wbwZ Kiv miKvwi mnvqZvq mgevq-evsK _K Pvlx`i ay UvKv `qv bq|
GKB KviY 1901 mvj _K GLb chB miKvwi mgevqx ZrciZv jvMvZvi
e_Zvi Aci bvgB iq Mj|
Kwl ev KzwUiwki Rb h g~jab `iKvi Zv MvgxY z` Pvlxiv Kvbw`bB msMn
KiZ cvie bv| Pvlx`i A my` FY w`Z ZvB Lvjv nj cwZmi Kwl evsK,
kvkwZKx-34

ezeve`i KvQ _K UvKv avi Ki| bvej cvBR wZwb h GK j wek nvRvi
UvKv cvb ZvI Xvjv nq GB evsK| GB evsKi FY cRv`i `viY DcKvi nq|
A KqK eQii gaB Zviv gnvRbi `bv kva Ki| KvjxMvg _K gnvRbiv
eemv wUq Ab Pj hvq| GB evsK PjwQj cyiv Kzwo eQi|
jYxq h G-evcviI mgvRwevbx iex`bv_ wQjb cw_Kr wKsev AMcw_K, Zuvi
AvU `kK cii Dim~wi njb bvejRqx Wi BDb~m|
evsKi AbK AvMB iex`bv_ Pvjy Kib AwZkq Zvrchc~Y GK eemv 1895
mvj Kzwqvq vwcZ nq UvMvi Av Kvs| GB VvKzi Kvvwb bvh g~j
Pvlx`i avb I cvU wKb evRvi wecYbi `vwqZ bq| mivmwi wecYb Ag
cv_wgK Drcv`K`i bvqmZ cYg~j cvIqvi eev^ic GUv wQj GKUv AZxe
iZc~Y I `~i`wmb D`vM| Rwg`vi iex`bv_ Avwef~Z njb Zuvi Pvlv-fylv
cRv`i Avq evovbvi cvwZvwbK eevcKic| mUv wQj Zuvi cjxgj mvabK
GK gnZx cqvm|
mgvRi mvgwMK gjKvhi aviv mK AZzj mbK Kwe GK c wjLQb :
KvRi m m GKwU Avb`i myi evRvBqv ZzwjZ nBe| Avgv`i Mvgi Rxebhvv eovB
wbivb` nBqv cwoqvQ| cvYi Zv `~i Kiv PvB| wnZvbyvbwjK h_vme Drme cwiYZ
Kwievi Pv Kwiqv| ermi GKw`b eivcY Drme Kwie| ekvLi kl Kvbv GKw`b
Bzji QywU w`qv me Qj`i ebfvRb I eivcY Kwievi AvqvRb Kwij fvj nq| ivv
cfwZi KvR Avi Kwievi c_g w`bUvq GKUz Drmei fve _vwKj Gjv agKgi Pnviv
cvBe| AviKwU K_v gb ivLv PvB| Pvlx Mn`i gb dzjMvQi mL ceZb KwiZ cvwij
DcKvi nBe| cZK KzwUii AvwObvq `yB-PvwiwU ejdzj, Mvjvc dzji MvQ jvMvBZ cvwij
Mvgwj my`i nBqv DwVe| `k GB m`hi PPv AZvekK GK_v fywjj Pwje bv|

nZ`wi` cjxevmx`i `vwqZkxj Ges ^vej^x Ki Zzj mZKvi Mvgvbqbi GB

iex` gWjwU AvRv evevqbi Acvq co AvQ|
gv. nv. : bZzb w`M cwKvq iex`bv_i wPivqx Mvjg` kxlK wkivbvg
cKvwkZ Avcbvi ce Avgiv iex`bv_K GKRb mvaviY gvbyli gZB wUc~Y
gvbyl wnmve RvbZ cvwi| G-welq Avcbvi ge wK ?
Av. kv. : cewUZ Avwg ejZ PqwQ i`e njI `eZv wQjb bv iex`bv_,
wZwb wQjb gvbylB| gvbyl _vKv gvb fyj Kiv _K gy bv-_vKv| KviY fzj Kiv gvbyli
msvi eybUi fZiB AweQ`fve Muv_v to err is human| G KviYB AvZmshgi
gvbylx g~wZ nIqv mI Rxeb AbK fzjB KiQb iex`bv_| Ki kvaivbIwb wKQz
fzj| ai `bwb Zuvi Kvbv mycwZ cwiKiI, Kwei fveg~wZ zY ne fe| Zuvi
Zgwb AgvRbxq GKwU fzj wQj BDivc fviZeli c_g wcGBP. wW. wWwM Ges
cdmii c` ARbi gvag `ki fveg~wZ Dj Kiv wbKUvZxq Wi wbwkKv
Pvcvavqi (1852-1910) eywRweK Pwinbb (AekB AbeavbekZ)|
m-Aeavb cwiKiMYI fzjwUK mhZ jvjb Ki MQb, i`ei fveg~wZ zY ne
ej (Avgiv gb Kwi, Kviv fveg~wZ iv Kiv BwZnvmi KvR bq)| A_P 1901
mvji 22 wWm^i kvwwbKZb ePhvkg we`vjqwU cwZwZ nIqvi ciciB

kvkwZKx-35

zjwUi wkK eeve Dcvavqi (1861-1907) wb`k Qviv i`e m^vab

i Kij iex`bv_ c_g weeZ Ges ciI `xNKvj hver wavw^Z eva KiwQjb|
KviY wZwb RvbZb, GZ Zuvi gvbylx fveg~wZ zY ne GgbwK ZuvK c~Rv KivI
i nq hZ cvi| gvbyl nIqv Ges gvbyl _vKvB h Kweii cig Aviva wQj,
Zvi cgvY mKj agi ga w`q wMq mekl Kwe gvbeagB `xv wbqwQjb|
Avwg ZvB AvjvP cewUi A ejwQ h Avgiv i`ei wkl bB, Kweii
f| Avi fi KvR nj mi fveQwe wbgj ivLv|
gv. nv. : iex`bv_i Kwl fvebvi iZc~Y w`K Kvbjv ?
Av. kv. : AZxe iZc~Y G ckwU wevwiZ Di `vwe Ki, hnZz iex`bv_i Kwl
fvebvi iZc~Y w`Kjv AbymZ
nqwb ej evsjv`ki Kwlmn Mvgvbqb AvRv
ch KvwLZ i cuQZ cviwb| AvRKi mvi-exR-cvwb Ges mgevq-bxwZmn
mKj KwlfvebviB wZwb wQjb cw_Kr wKsev AMcw_K|
iex`bv_ Rwg`vwi cwi`kbi fvi cvb 1890 mvj| mdj wkvbwewki ci
cvIqvi Ad GUwbi gvag wcZvi KvQ _K mgM mw iYveYi megq
KZZ
cvb 1896 mvj| Rwg`vwii gvbRvwiZI Kwe c~em
wy i`i nuvUv-ivv Qo
GMvjb c_v fvOvi KwVb ivvq, Zuvi Ici b `vwqZi AwZwi ek wKQy KiYxq
Kgi mvabK; mvRvK_vq Mvg msMVbi gvag cjxgj mvabi gvbm|
wZwb wbR abKvgx Rwg`vi cwievi Rb MnY KiI ejZ ciwQjb : abi ag
Amvg| abKvgx wbRi MiR `vwi` mw Kwiqv _vK| m-`vwi` Pig ic cwiMn
Ki Mvgevsjvq|
1906 mvj Kwlwe`v I Mvwe`v kLvZ wZwb cy i_x`bv_ VvKzi I ezcy
mvlP` gRyg`viK cvVvjb AvgwiKvi Bwjbq wekwe`vjq| 1907 mvj Kwbv
Kbv gxivi weevni ci RvgvZv bM`bv_ MvyjxI we`k cwiZ nb Kwlwe`v covi
Rb| h-hyM mvb`i AvB. wm. Gm ev evwivi evbvbv abx evOvwj cwievii
GKgv j wQj, m-mgq RbK abx Rwg`vii cy, RvgvZv I ezcy K Pvlvev`
wkLZ we`k cvVvbvi gZv GKUv wecevZK wmv MnY I evevqb GKgv
iex`bv_i gZv GKRb `vqe ^`kfveyKi cB me nqwQj|
ewZgagx GB D`vMwUi cQb KvR KiQ Mvgevsjvi RbmvaviYi DbwZweavb
Ges evwbK c_vq Pvl I dmj wbq cixv-wbixvi ZvwM`| 1909 mvj
i_x`bv_iv we`k _K wdi Kwei Zveavb i Kib evwbK c_vq Pvl mvi,
exR, mP BZvw`i eenvimsewjZ| AvR h-cvq mviv Dcgnv`k Pvlevm Kiv nq
m-cwqv iex`bv_ i Kib kZel c~e| KvbviKg WvgvWvj ewZiK
mZKvi bxie wece wQj IUv AvRKi gZv Pvbj-PxrKZ bxie wece bq|
wkjvB`ni KzwVevwo msjM 80 weNv Lvm RwgZ Pvjy nq my`i~ fwelrgyLx mB
AvaywbK Kwl Lvgvi, hvi Av`j cyiv MvgB Mo DVe Gi ivKeP mgevqx Lvgvi|
1921 mvj wekfviZxi cwZv, kvwwbKZb| cii eQi cvkB Gi cwic~iK
cwZvb kxwbKZbi mw| cjx-msMVbi AbK cwiKbv cwZmi _K vbvwiZ
nj kxwbKZb| Gj&gnv mvne I Kvjxgvnb Nvl wbjb Zvi fvi| jYxq h,

kvkwZKx-36

1922 mvj iex`bv_ klevi hvb wkjvB`n| m eQiB evjcyi i nq

kxwbKZbi bZzb Kgh| Rwg`vwi cwiPvjbvi m m cjx msMVbi Avw`ce
evsjv`ki giv MvO Avw` RvqviwU GbwQjb iex`bv_B|
Rwg`vwii Kvh Mvg| mev_ ki iex`bv_ m~Y KZZ cq mLvb wMq
c_gB MvgK h_vh_fve wPb bb GKRb wbiveM mgvRwevbxi cheY| mB
Pbv mvweKfveB gwjK Ges weqKiiKg mvgwMK|
gv. nv. : Avgv`i `ki ivRbxwZwe` I mvaviY gvbyl`i AvZmPZb I Mfxi
Rxebevamb nIqvi Rb iex`bv_K Rvbv I cvV Kiv KZUv iZc~Y ej
Avcwb gb Kib ?
Av. kv. : AZ iZc~Y ej gb Kwi Avwg| KviY ivRbxwZwe` iex`bv_K Zuviv
PbbB bv, Rvbv Zv `~ii K_v| wZwb ivRbxwZK wQjb bv GUvB hb fvmZ _vK
Avgv`i gbi c`vi dzURi c_g jvBb| wZxq jvBb _vK Zuvi wkRxeb
KvwUqQb wZwb Kej Dcwbl`, cg, cKwZ, mxgv Avi Amxgi cfzK wbq| `ywU
msev`B fzj| KviY Kvbv ivRbwZK `ji m hy bv-njI iex`bv_ AbK
mvgwqK Av`vjbi m Zv wQjbB, Kkvi _K AvgZzB wQjb RvwZK I
AvRvwZK ivRbxwZi Zx A`wmb cheK I Zxe Awfewmg weklK|
Dwbk kZKi klfvM wQj GK Dvg mvvRwevii Kvj| ZLb b, cZzMvj,
njv, WbgvK, Bsjv, dv, Rvgvwb, ivwkqv cfwZ BDivcxq mvvRev`x `k
AvgwiKv, Gwkqv Ges AvwdKvq Avcb-Avcb JcwbewkK mvvR wevii Rb
Aweivg hyweMn wj wQj| m AvMvmb wewUki cavb NuvwU wQj fviZel, hLvb
_K Pxb Ges mgM `wY-c~e Gwkqvq Zvi mvvR I evwYRcmvii Awfhvb Pvjbv
KiwQj m, hvi eqfvi RvMvZ fviZevmxi gyL _K wdbwK w`q i QzUwQj|
mvvRev`i wekRvov GB Db `vbweKZv I cvkweKZvi wei G`k c_g
cwZev` awbZ nqwQj 16 eQi eqmx evjKKwe iex`bv_i Kwe KvwnbxZB :
wK `viY Akvw G gbylRMZ/ icvZ, AZvPvi, cvc Kvjvnj/ w`ZQ gvbegb
wel wgkvBqv!/ KZ KvwU KvwU jvK, AKvivMvi/ AaxbZvkLjZ Ave nBqv/
fwiQ ^Mi KY KvZi `b,.../ KZ `k KwiZQ kkvb AiY, / KvwU KvwU
gvbei kvw ^vaxbZv/ igqc`vNvZ w`ZQ fvwqv,/ ZeyI gvbyl ewj Me Ki
Zviv/ Zey Zviv mf ewj Ki Anvi! (APwjZ, c_g L)|

DjLhvM h, 22 eQi eqmx iex`bv_B mec_g `ki gWviU bZZi BsiwR

eZvwejvmx Ave`b-wbe`b-wbfi evKme^ ivRbxwZi wei Zxe cwZev` Rvwbq
fviZx' cwKvq cici KqKwU ce jLb 1289 mvji P _K 1290 mvji
P ch PuwPq ejv, wRnv-Avvjb, bvkbvj d, Ubnj Zvgvmv, nvZ
Kjg, AKvjKzv|
bvkbvj d kxlK iZc~Y iPbvwUZ Kwe `ki Pjgvb wkvmgmvi
mgvavbK Rvivjv cve ivLb| wkv ejZ Kwe cavbZ RbwkvB eySZb
gywgq Kvqgx ^v_fvMx kwYi Qjgq`i wkv bq, hv`i Bswjk-wgwWqvg

kvkwZKx-37

zj covevi Rb AwffveK`i ga GKUv bviRbK DbZv `Lv w`qwQj (m

DbZv 130 eQi ci GLb Aviv eY eoQ 16 KvwU MvgxY gvbyli GB `wi`
evsjv`k)| hyeKKwe ejjb BsivRxZ wkv KLbB `ki me QovBZ cvwie
bv| AZGe `kgq Qwoq w`Z ne gvZfvlvi ewe`vjq|
gZz i gv `ygvm AvM iex`bv_ ivMkhv _K wewUk mvgvRev`i mvdvBMvwqKv
wgm iv_evbi Dk frmbv-ee PvjKi Z_i DjL KiwQjb :
hw` awiqv jIqv nq h, BsivRx fvlv Qvov Avgv`i vbvjvK cvBevi Ab c_ bvB, Ze
Kb mB Bsjxq wPvavivi Drm nBZ AvK evwi cvb Kwievi dj `yB kZvxevcx
wewUk kvmbi ci 1931 mvj Avgiv `wLZ cvB, fviZi mgM RbmsLvi gv GKRb
BsivRx fvlvq wjLb cVbg (literate) nBqvQ| Abw`K, ivwkqvq gv 15 ermii
mvwfqU kvmbi dj 1932 mvj mvwfqU BDwbqbi kZKiv 98wU evjKevwjKv
wkvjvf KwiqvQ (GB msLvwj BsiR cKvwkZ Umgvb Bqvi eyK nBZ DZ)| GB
ewni ivwkqvi AbyK j ccvZv nBevi mvebv bvB|

BsiwR wkv wbq mKvji mB wevw Avgv`i iv-cwiPvjK`i KivwU _K

GLbv `~i nqwb| GLbv Zvuiv MYwkvi wPv fzj gywgq Kvqgx ^v_fvMx kwYi
Qjgq`i wkveev wbqB ewk e|
mvabv cwKv mv`bv KvjB 1298 mvj AvgwiKvi mgvRwP Ges
AvgwiKvbi i-wccvmv-kxlK `ywU iZc~Y iPbv cKvwkZ nq, hvZ Kwe gvwKb
mgvR I mfZv mK Zx chvjvPbv I KVvi ge KiQb| c_g iPbvwUZ
wZwb wjLQb : gvwKb cyil I gwnjv mgvR Kv_vI Zuv`i gbb I Mfxi wPv
Ges wi msw Z mPZbZvi jY `Lv hvq bv| wZxq iPbvq Kwe gvwKbx`i
ivRbxwZK I mvswZK Rxebi h Qwe AuvKjb, Zv hgbB exfrm Zgwb
bviRbK| gvwKb Kwe jvqji GKwU Dwi DjL Ki iex`bv_ wjLQb :
weLvZ AvgwiKvb Kwe jvqj Zuvi Kvb KweZvq wjLQb, AvgwiKvi `wY _K Di
mxgv ch wevwiZ enr RvwZwU ii M fvjevm| GKRb BsivR jLK bf^i gvmi
KUvivwi wiwfqy cwKvq GB K_vi mv w`qvQb|
Dcmsnvi Kwe wjLQb : gbyl RvwZi ga GKwU wel AvQ, hLb GK RvwZ Avi GK
RvwZK Avnvi KwiZ em ZLb f RvwZ gi Ges fK RvwZi kixiI wel cek Ki|
AvgwiKvb`iI ii ga wel MQ|

A_P AvRv Avgv`i `ki ivRbwZK, mvswZK Ges eywRweK bZZ gvwKbx`i
jRyoew I c`jnbcew cwinvi Ki ^vaxb we`kbxwZ cYqbi AvwiK cPv
PvjvZ cZ
bq|
gZz i wZbgvm AvM jLv mfZvi mU cewUZ iex`bv_ gbylZweasmx eyRvqv
mfZv I msw ZK evwZj ejB NvlYv KiQb| GiB ga dvwm mvm Zvgvg
wekK Mvm KiZ D`Z nqQ| dvwmev` mvwfqZK asm Kie G evcvi
mvvRev`xiv wbwZ wQj ej wnUjvi cm Avcmg~jK bxwZ MnY KiwQj| AuvZ
Nv jvMZB fq cq _gK Mj|
iex`bv_ wavnxbwP mvvRev`x`i dvwmev` ZvlYi bxwZK wZiZ
KiI
weki Rb Av wec`ic wPwZ Kijb dvwmev`KB (mB kbvwKiY Kgb
wbfj
y wQj, mUv evSv hvq MYcRvZx evsjv`ki MYZvwK miKviwji
kvkwZKx-38

dvwmev`x wqvKjvci Kjei `L)| mvwfqZ Avv nZB iex`bv_i mg

wPeM QzU Mj Avv mvwfqZi c~Y mg_b|
mviK_v iex`bv_i RxebcfvZ mvvRev`weivax Ges Rxebmvq dvwmev`weivax
iPbvewj hyMi RyM eZgvb weZ gb njI fwelZ wPiZB _vKe| AZGe
Avgv`i AvZmPZb Ges mZKvi MYZceY nIqvi Rb ivRbxwZK I mgvRZvwK
iex`bv_K Mfxi cwYavb mnKvi Aaqb cqvRb|
gv. nv. : AbK ejb iex`bv_ AZvPvix Rwg`vi wQjb, Avevi AbK ejb
iex`bv_ cRvi cwZ m`v gjKvgx Rwg`vi wQjb| Avmj KvbUv mZ ?
Av. kv. : wek kZKi c_g `kKi iZ iex`-wb`yK Mvxi mvweK KzrmvcPvi
hLb Zz, ZLb AZvPvix Rwg`vi K_vUvI QwoqwQj Zviv| wj dg AvB. wm.
Gm Awdmvi I gb^x jLK Ab`vki ivq wki `kK bIMuvi gnKzgv-ckvmK
_vKvKvjxb Zuvi ckvmbvaxb KvjxMvg ciMbvq evcK LuvRLei wbq wjLQb h
mLvbKvi cRveve Rwg`vi wnme iex`bv_ wQjb Zzjbvwenxb|
1937 mvji RyjvB gvm cwZmi Kwei kl gYi mgq cyYvn cvwjZ nq| mAbyvb wcq Rwg`viK e eQi ci `L cRv`i eyK-fRvbv Akaviv Ab`vkiK
Mfxifve k KiwQj| eZ e c~e 1916 mvjB ivRkvnx RjvMRUxqvi-mv`K
Gj. Gm. Gm. I-gvj, AvB. wm. Gm GK c~Yv weeiY w`q RvwbqQb Kwe Zuvi
Rwg`vwi GUK wK iKg Iqjdqvi GU cwiYZ KiwQjb :
'It must not be imagined that a powerful landord is always oppressive and uncharitable. A
striking instance to the contrary is given in the Settlement Officer's account of the estate
of Rabindranath Tagore, the Bengali poet, whose fame is world-wide. It is clear that to
poetical genius he adds practical and beneficial ideas of estate management, which should
be an example to the local Zamindars.
A very favourable example of estate government is shown in the property of the poet, Sir
Rabindranath Tagore. The proprietors brook no rivals. Sub-infeudation within the estate is
forbidden, raiyats are not allowed to sublet on pain of ejectment. There are three divisions
of the estate, each under a Sub-manager with a staff of tahsildars, whose accounts are
strictly supervised. Half of the Dakhilas are checked by an officer of the head office.
Employees are expected to deal fairly with the raiyats and unpopularity earns dismissal.
Registration of transfer is granted on a fixed fee, but is refused in the case of an
undesirable transferee. Remissions of rent are granted when inability to pay is proved. In
1312 (BS) it is said that the amount remitted was Rs. 56,595. There are Lower Primary
Schools in each division and at Patisar, the centre of management, there is a High English
School with 250 students and a Charitable dispensary.
These are maintained out of a fund to which the estate contributes annually Rs. 1250 and
the raiyats 6 pies to rupee in their rent. There is an annual grant of Rs. 240 for the relief of
cripples and blind. An agricultural bank advances loans to raiyats at 12 per cent per
annum. The depositors are chiefly Calcutta friends of the poet, who get interest at 7 per
cent. The bank has about Rs. 90,000 invested in loans.'

RbK JcwbewkK BsiR ckvmKi GB DQwmZ cksmv cgvY Ki Kgb weqKi

NUbv NU wMqQ G`ki cjxZ iex`bv_i bZZ, Avgv`i e cyil c~e| hRbwcqZv PvKwiivi gvcKvwV wnme wekkZKi iZ iex`bv_i Rwg`vwiZ
cwZwZ nqwQj evsjv`kiB GK cvwK Aj, m-RbgyLx gvcKvwV Zv
kvkwZKx-39

GKzkkZKi iZI evsjv`ki miKvwiZ cPwjZ nevi Kvbv bgybv `Lv hvQ
bv AvRv| Rwg`vwii e`j Avmgvb`vwi ej AwfwnZ KiQb iex`bv_ Zuvi Gnb
icviY-KgKvKB|
gv. nv. : Avgiv Rvwb, Avcwb g~jZ K_vmvwnwZK Ges GB cwiPqB ewk ^Q`
eva Kib| ZviciI M, ig, bvUK I Dcbvm jLvi cvkvcvwk Mvjvc wbq
`xNw`b ai KvR KiQb, KvR KiQb iex`bv_ I mxZ wbqI| eZgvb mgq
wK wbq e AvQb ?
Av. kv. : eZgvb mvewYK e AvwQ Ges evwK eQiwUB ZvB _vKZ ne evsjv
GKvWgx KZK
cKvwkZe wecyjvqZb M iex`Rxeb cYqbi KvR| KvRwUi
mePq `xNm~ x Ask nj h_vme Dcv msMn Kiv| Zvi cii mePq kgmvc
AskwU nj cwiKwZ eBwUi wbw` Pvwn`v gvZveK Dcvmg~ni PvjywbevQzwb wKsev
MnY-eRb| AZtci wbii wPvfvebv, weePbv I cybweePbv msewjZ Kgc
`ynvRvi cvi cyKwUi Zvrchc~Y Mb vi KvRwUi K_v fveZ Zv fqB jvM|
GKgv mKji fQvi cvj AbyKj
evqy jvMjB Avgvi c G wekvj mvMi cvwo
`Iqv me ne ej Avkv KiZ cvwi Avwg|
gv. nv. : mvi, Avcbvi cPvwU m~Y mdj nvK mB KvgbvB Kwi| AvgvK
Avcbvi g~jevb mgq `Iqvi Rb AmsL abev`| `xN Kggq I my Rxebi
AwaKvix nvb|
Av. kv. : ZvgvKI AbK abev` Avgvi fvebvi wKQz fvi Zvgvi Nvo bvgvbvi
myhvM `qvi Rb|

ek Kjei cKvwkZ nQ

gv`ywji wbmM msLv| GQvovI KvR PjQ ZviK gvmy` msLvi|

hvMvhvM : Aiwe`y PeZx, mv`K gv`ywj, dwi`cyi|
01196090442/ 01757150625 [email protected]
[email protected]

kvkwZKxi, bvix`i mRbkxj I gbbkxj iPbv wbq bvix`i mvwnZ

msLv| hvMvhvM : 01717513023, 01717125283
[email protected]

kvkwZKx-40

wZjwZj Ki ZuvK mq KiwQ, wZjwZj Ki LiPI KiwQ

gywnZ nvmvb : Avcbvi ewMZ Rxebi iex`bv_i K_v w`qB i Kiv hvK|
mB QvUejvq iex`bv_K c_g Kxfve cjb?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : mcwZ GKRb Avgvi mv_ wVK GB welqUv wbqB K_v
ejQ| m AvgvK ejjv, Avwg hbv ZvK G wbq wKQy ewj | Zv Avwg Avgvi wZ
_K ZvK K_vUv ejevi Pv Kijvg| KZ eqm ne ZLb? `k eQiI nqQ wKbv
m`n| ZLb cvVkvjvZ cwo , wZxq kwY A_ev ZZxq kwYZ| ZLb Avgv`i Lye
eo, hvK ejv hvq h_ cwievi wQjv| Avi vwZMvxI cPzi wQjv, cvq Mvgi,
Avgv`i fyebcvovi AaKUv RyoB Avgv`i vwZMvx| Zv Avgv`i evwoi wVK
cvkB wZbRb vwZi evwo wQjv| GKRbvi m Avgv`i mK fvjv wQjv bv|
Zv`i evwoUv gvwUi `Iqvj w`q Niv| Avjv`v| m evwoZ Avgiv wekl hZvg bv|
m evwoiI KD Gw`K Lye GKUv AvmZ bv| Avi cvkB wQjv cici `yUv evwo|
GKUv Avgvi evevi PvPvZv eo fvBqi evwo, Avi GKUv nQ evevi Ab GK PvPvi
gqi| wZwb weaev| m evwoZ wZwb Zvi eo Qj I `ywU gq wbq _vKZb|
Avgv`i eyey| hvBnvK, wVK cvki evwo _K, GKRb j
z coqv, Avgvi H PvPvi
Qj wQjbPvPvi GK Qj, GK gqZv Dwb evanq Kvm bvBb Kx Ub

coZbAvgvi eo fvB| H h j
z coqv Avgvi h eo fvB wQjb, PvPvZv fvB
Zv`i gb nq cvV wQjv GKUv eBm eBUv MQ| wK Avgvi wZZ GZUv
bB h cyiv MQ-Gi me MBc_g L AZme M _vKvi Zv ckB
IV bvwZb L Zv cieZxKvj MQ ewiqQ| c_g LiI me KwU M wQjv
wKbv ZvZI Avgvi m`n| Avgvi gb nq, c_g L _K wKQy MmvZ-AvUUv M
nZ cvi AviwKAvjv`v Ki wbq ivwcW-wiWvi aibi wKQy GKUv Kiv nqwQjv|
iex`bv_iB MQZvi ga h Mjv wQjv gb AvQ Avgvi| Ges
hZ`~i gb nq c_g Li `yUv wZbU M mLvb wQjv bv| m RbB ejwQ,
MQiI fZi _K evQvB Kiv wKQy M| `ZcVbi Rb G eBUv Zwi Kiv
nqwQjv| GB eBUv, hZ hLvb mLvb co _vKZv| Avgvi H fvBqi
covkvbvq Zv Zgb gb wQjv bv| eBc Kv_vq Kx _vKZ mUvi Lei ivLZb bv|
GB MQi c_g gjvUUv bB| gjvUUv DV Pj MQ, ay MQ jLv AvQ
GUzKz gb AvQ| Avi hZ co _vKZv GUvI gb AvQ| KLbv nqZv XuwKi
KvQ AvQ, XuwKUv AvQ DVvb| AvwObvi GKcvk XuwK, mB XuwKUvi Dci|
KLbvev XuwKUvi cvk| KLbv gvwUi Lye PIov weZ h ZvIqv, mB ZvIqvi Kvbv
GKUv RvqMvq| KLbv Nii fZiGBiKg| Avwg wK mB eBUvi cwZ Zgb
Ki AvK nBwb| wK, Avgvi H h PvPv, wZwb Avgvi evevi PqI eqm GKUz eo
Zuvi PvPvZv fvB AviwKmw`K nZ Avgvi PvPv| Dwb LyeB wkwZ gvbyl wQjb ZvI
bq| wK eo AyZ wQjv ZLbKvi Muvqi AbK gvbyl| Lye mvgvb wkwZ gvbylI
LvwbKUv dvi&wm RvbZv| Zvici fii h mg KweZvq Ajv wQjv, wnmei,
mjv me Zv`i gyL _vKZv| bvbvb iKgi auvauv RvbZb Zviv| Avi M ejZ
ejZ KZ iKgiB h M KiZ cviZbZvi Kvbv A bB| Avie Dcbvmi
M nvK ev Ab wKQyi M nvK, Rxebi AwfZvq GKevi cvKv mviZv`i Zwi
nq MQ| MvQi hgb mvi _vKmeUvB miKg, Lye mvwi| GiKgUv wKQy gvbylK
`Lj gb nZv| A_P mB gvbyliv ev Avgvi PvPv GKeviB `nvZx gvbyl, wbRi
nvZ jvj PvjvZb, wbRi nvZ Mii Rvebv KvUZb, LZ w`Zb| Lvwj MvqB
_vKZb| Lvwj cv Zv eUB| GKUv aywZ ciZb| GKUz DuPz Ki, nuvUzi Dci Kvgi
eo w`q aywZUv ciZb| GUzKzB cvkvK| wZwb, gvSgvS GB eBUv wbq Rvi
Rvi Mjv coZb| Avi kvZv wQjvg Avwg| Dwb h KLb coeb Zvi Kvbv wVK
bB| Avwg nqZv `LwQ wZwb eBUv wbq `vIqvq emQb| hLb eBUv LyjQb, ZLwb
Avwg Pj Gjvg| ZLb Dwb, GUv cwivi gb AvQ, KveywjIqvjvi MUvB ewkifvM
mgqB wZwb coZb| Lye cQ` KiZb| Avi H M co wbRi gb gb nvmZb,
gRvUv DcfvM KiZb| Avi AvwgI wK MUv ZLb AZc eySZ cviZvg h I
AvQv, GB M| Lye fvjv Ki bv eySjI ek eySZ cviZvg| GLb hw` Avgvq KD
ej h, Avcwb mB MUv KZevi bwQjb? Avwg Zvnj ejev KZevi bwQjvg
Zvi wnme bB| Avi wbR coZ cvivi ci h KZevi cowQjvgH eBUv

kvkwZKx-41

kvkwZKx-42

Avgvi iex`bv_ cm nvmvb AvwRRyj nK

Dcgnv`ki AbZg k K_vmvwnwZK nvmvb AvwRRyj
nK-Gii Rb 1939 mvj, cwgevsjvi eagvb Rjvi
heMvg| QvRxeb _KB jLvjwLi i| g~jZ 1960
mvj _K mwqfve wbRK jLK wnme Zwi Kivi
wmv MnY Kib| GLb wZwb evsjv K_vmvwnZi
GKRb AbZg cavb jLK| cemvwnZ ev AvZK_vi
I Zuvi Ae`vb AweiYxq| BZvga RvZxq
mvwnZ cKvkb _K cuvP L cKvwkZ nqQ nvmvb
AvwRRyj nKi iPbvmsMn|
wZwb 1967 mvj Av`gRx mvwnZ cyivi Ges 1970 mvj evsjv GKvWgx mvwnZ
cyivi jvf Kib| AviI AbK cyivi wZwb cqQb, Gmei ga iqQ
jLK wkwei cyivi (1973), Aj mvwnZ cyivi (1981), AvjvIj mvwnZ
cyivi (1983), AMYx evsK mvwnZ cyivi (1984), wdwjcm mvwnZ cyivi
(1988) BZvw`| GQvovI, wZwb 1999 mvj GKzk c`K fwlZ nqQb|

kvkwZKxi iex`-msLvi Rb Zuvi mvvrKviwU MnY KiQb gywnZ nvmvb|

_KZviI wnme bB| h KviY cvq cyiv MUv Avwg Mvov _K kl GLbv
GKiKg gyLB ejZ cvwi AviwK| Ggb gbi ga `vM KU MQ| hLb AvgvK
KD wRm Ki h iex`-iPbvi mv_ c_g cwiPqUv KLb-Kxfve, ZLb GB MUvB
ewj| Ges ZLbB Aviv wKQy wKQy M, hv ILvb wQjv, wZwb coZb ivgKvbvBqi
wbeywZv co Lye nvmZb, Zvici ^YgM, mw-mgcb, `bv-cvIbv GB
Mjv ILvb wQjv| gywi Dcvq, QywU, LvKveveyi cZveZb GjvI ILvb
wQjv| Zv mjv MI AvwgZLbB Avgvi GKevi Lye Nwbfve mejv Mi
m GKUv cwiPq nq wMqwQjv| Mjv Zv RvbZvgB| Ges iex`bv_i M
ZvLyeB gvbweK im fivKvRB Lye DcfvM KiwQek gb AvQ| QywU
MUv wKsev ivgKvbvBqi wbeywZv A_ev ^YgM, mw-mgcb GB Mjv
H PvPvB Av Av coZb, _K-_K, GKUz-GKUz Ki coZb| G nQ
iex`bv_i mv_ evanq Avgvi c_g cwiPq| AvU-b-`k eQi eqm| mB mgq Avi
Ab GKUz cwiPq nZ cvi, nqZv Avgvi eBZB nZ cviiex`bv_i Qwe|
GLvb Zzwg gb KiZ cviv h meB Zv iex`bv_i Qwe _vK, KD bv KD Zv
`LB djeAvgv`i mgq, ILvb me Zv `Lv hZv bvZv mI GKUv Qwe
Lye `LZvg| Avgvi eo fvB`i cvVeBZ, GgbwK wbRiI, Avgv`i cvVeBq
iex`bv_i GKUv A Qwe wQjv, bRijiI Qwe wQjv| Gme gb co AviwK!
wK mUv Zv AviKUz eo nq| mjv Zv Avjv`v K_v| Ze c_g cwiPqi K_v
ejZ Mj ZvgvK h MUv ejjvg mUvB ejZ ne|
gywnZ nvmvb : GKUz mvgbi w`K AvMvB| AviKUz eo nq, hLb wekwe`vjq
coQb, ZLb Avevi iex`bv_K KxiKg Ki Abyfe Kijb?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : Gjv wK ZvgvK wnme Ki ejv hvq? fwelZ hLb
ZvgviI AbKUv eqm nq hveZvici KD hw` ZvgvK G-K_vB wRm Ki
ZLb ZzwgI `Le h wKQy ejZ cviQv bv, Kvbv LB cve bv| GUv AbKUv,
evwji myZv AvRKvj cvIqv hvq bvAvM evwji myZv cvIqv hZv
evwji myZvi GKUv wekl cwZ njv DvcvK LvjvDvcvK Nywiq
Zvici Lvjv hZv AviwK! KD hw` m KvR Kivi mgq Mvjgvj Ki djZv,
evwj hw` QU djZvZvnj Avi wVK KiZ cviv hZv bv| wVK Kvbw`K
_K KZUv myZv wgje evSv hZv bv| iex`bv_ mKI wVK Zv-B nqQ|
eySZ ciQv Zv? evwji myZv, GZ eo GKUv evwj nqZv iqQ wVKBwK
KZw`K _K h wQuo-wUo GUv-IUv KZRb h Kx KiQ, Zv ejv Lye gykwKj|
hw` KD GK-K_vq `y-K_vq ejZ hvq Zvnj ZvK GKUv K_v evwbq ejZ
neG-B njv Avgvi KvQ iex`bv_! Gme evbvbv K_v AvRKvj Lye PjQ| Avwg
IiKg Ki evwbq Kvbv K_v ejZ PvB bv Zv| KvRB wZj wZj Ki mq Kiv
iex`bv_, wZj wZj Ki LiP KivI iex`bv_| iex`bv_i LiPI Zv KiwQ, ay

Pq wbqwQ Zv Zv bq, Avi wbRI Zv LiP KiwQ! wZjwZj Ki ZuvK mq

KiwQ, wZjwZj Ki LiPI KiwQ|
hZ`~i gb co, iweiwk ej GKwU eBGB cieZxKvj h iweiwk
ewiqwQjv IUv bqQv GKUv iweiwk, iex`bv_i Rxebx wQjv mUv| mBUv
gb Lye `vM KU AvQ| GLb iex`bv_i h mg AmvaviY RxebxM ewiqQ
cfvZKzgvi gyLvcvavq KiQb, ckvKgz vi cvj KiQbGjvi Ab iZ
AvQ| wK gbi ga Lye GKUv wcq RvqMv hw` `Lj Ki _vK Kvbv M, Ze
mB eBUvB| KviY mLvb iex`bv_i QvUejvi K_v Ggb my`i Ki `Iqv
AvQ, iex`bv_i GKevi QvUejvq Zuvi KweZv jLvi Pv, Zuvi Qov jLvi
Pv, Zuvi wbRi GKUv KvVi wmsn wQjvmB wmsnUvi mvgb wZwb ewj`vb
Kieb, KvVi Luvov nvZ wbq ejeb iwe ewj `e| mRb Dwb wbR g Zwi
KiwQjb| GB wRwbmjv GZ my`i Ki gbi ga GLbv Lye I cwivi
nq AvQ| Avi H mgqB evanq Zuvi GKUv `yUv KweZv cowQ, Lye mnR
KweZvjv nqZv ZLb cowQAi gg weKwkZ Kiv, AiZi n ev GB RvZxq
Kvbv KweZv| Avi GKUz eo nIqvi ci, Avwg cov i KiwQ Avgvi eo fvB`i
zjcvV eBjv| GBjv Zvgiv GLb nqZv KbvI KiZ cvie bv, GLbKvi
eBjv GZ im-Klnxb, GZ hvwK, GZ weewglv-RvMvbv nqQ h mUv fvev hvq
bv| hZ my`i `LZ eB ZZB AbvKlYxq| Avgv`i mgq GB eBqi cKvkbv AZ
fvjv wQjv bvAvi AvRKvj hgb Qvcvi DbwZ nqQ ZvZv wQjvB bvwK
GKUv wRwbm wQjv, cvVZv wRwbmUv AbK ewk wQjv| ZLbKvi H h Ai
emvZvmxmi Ai GKUv GKUv Ki| hUvK ej jUvicm| GKKUv Ai
ai ai emvZv| Gjv wK PvLi Rb Avivgi, coZ Lye fvjv jvMZ| Zv
GBmg eB Zv ZLb Pvicvk Lye ewk _vKZv bv| hv _vKZv, eevi mme eB
Avwg coZvg| Avgvi iex`bv_ cov mBRb hZ`~i gb co, ab MUv
KZevi h cowQ! Avgvi eo fvB Kvm Ub coZb, Avgvi dzdvZv eo fvB
ZLb eBjv KZ hZ Ki Qvcv nZvG-B-i-K-g gvUv wQjv evsjv cvVeBUv|
Ges Kvcoi gjvU `Iqv| GiKgB gvUv eB wQjv igkP` gRyg`vii
fviZeli BwZnvm| en`vqZb Ges Kvbv iKgi Akv bB h QvUiv coe
eySe wKbvZv bq| Avgiv Zv eySwQ, Zviv hw` KwVb KiB wjL _vKeb Zvnj
Avgiv eySjvg Kx Ki? Avwg Zv ek eySZ ciwQjvg| GLvb _K Avwg
gnvcv bi c_i GKUv Ask cowQKvm mfbi cvVeBZceva mvbvji
jLv| iex`bv_i AbK KweZv G eB _KB cowQ| Avi, hLb cyivcywi I`i
UUv `Iqv njvKvm bvBb-Ubi RbZLb Avgvi nvZ _K eB Ko
wbZv mB eo fvB`LjBejZv iL `! wK Avwg jywKq, AvavAKvii ga em H eB Lyj ab MUv coZvgwekl Ki ab MUvB!
Kb hb gb cocvq ai mvav/ iv bvwn `q ivav/ kl w`jv iv/ cvMj Qvov

kvkwZKx-43

kvkwZKx-44

cv/ ZuZzj eUi Kvj/ `wY hvI Pj BZvw` BZvw`GB Mjv Kxfve
Kxfve gb AvQ Ges ejZ ejj Avwg cvq gyL ejZ cviev| GBZv
ejwQIKZevi h cowQ! GBiKg Ki Avgvi eo`i AbK covi welq ek A
eqmB Kvq Gm wMqwQjvAvwg ZLb nqZv dvBf cowQ wKsev wm cowQ
Zvi ewk ne bvAvwg ZLbB H eBjv co wbqwQ AviwK|
gywnZ nvmvb : KZ AvM Mviv wbq wjLwQjb| mB cei fvebvq GLb wK
Kvbv cwieZb AvbZ Pvb? H wmvB wK GLbv wi AvQb?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : gvbyl Zv e`jvq| Mviv wbq hv wjLwQGKUv eo ce
iex`bv_i ^`kfvebv : Mviv| K_vmvwnZi K_KZv M AvQ| Kvbv GKUv
Dcj wjLwQjvg wbqB| jLvUvK nqZv Avwg GLb Aviv eo Kiev|
hvBnvKbv, Avwg ZgbwKQy e`jvev bvevanq Avgvi K_v Avwg GLbI HfveB
ejZ PvB| KviY mLvb Avgvi RvqMvUv Zv cwivi Kiv AvQ| evievi Avwg h
K_vUv ewjiex`bv_K LiP KiviI AvQ, iex`bv_K cyuwR wnme MnY Ki
mUvK Avevi wbqvM Ki wKQy D ei Kivi h KvR mUvI AvQmeB Kwi|
KvRB Avwg ILvb _K AvcvZZ, H Aevb _K, iex`bv_ mK h K_vjv
ejwQH AevbwU _K GLb mi `uvovbvi Kvbv Dcj ev KviY NUwb|
gywnZ nvmvb : evsjv`ki wKQy Z_vKw_Z ZiY K_vmvwnwZK`i `Lv hvq h
Zviv AKviYB iex`bv_i DcbvmK LvUv Ki `LQb| iex`bv_i QvUMK
Zviv A^xKvi KiZ cvib bv gvUI, wK Zviv Zuvi Dcbvmi cwZ GKUzLvwb
AgbvhvMxB| iex`bv_i Dcbvm cvV bv KiB KLbv KLbv Zviv GiKg K_v
ejQb| G wbq Avcwb Kx ejeb?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : (nm) ZvZ Avwg Kx Kiev ejv? Avwg Zv ewj h evsjv
mvwnZ MvivK AwZg Ki hZ cvi ev wMqQ Ggb Kvbv Dcbvm GLbI
ch jLv nqwb| ewgP`i Kvbv DcbvmI bq| Mvivi GB cmvi, Mvivi GB
wewZ Avi Mvivi GB mvPh AbymvbGUv Avgv`i aviYviI evBi| Avgiv
GLb Lye Qv wRwbm wbq co AvwQ, Lye z` RvqMvq co AvwQ|
gywnZ nvmvb : GB z`ZvUv Kb? Kb Avgv`i GB `xbZv?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : ne bv Kb? neB Zv| gvMZ h z` nqwQ|
cwjwUKvwj z` nqwQ, KvjPvivwj z` nqwQ, `yB evsjv fvM Ki z` nqwQ
gB Zv z` nwQ! djB iex`bv_K wbq h GB K_vjvZviv Kb ejb ,
KxRb ejb, Kx mgvPvi Avwg wKQy Rvwb bvKviv _vKZB cvi hKvb ee ev
fvebv| wK Avgvi K_v GB, H M` c`vwZK M` bq, Akixix M`I bqmUv
MRevwnbx M`| eySZ ciQv Zv? `xN cv dj Pjv, hgb Mviv cv djQ
j^v j^v cv| iex`bv_i M`I ILvb miKg| evcK, weZ, AwZkq my`i M`|
KvRB Avgvi wbRi aviYv Zv Avwg evievi ejBwQ h iex`bv_ ejv Avi hvB-B
ejv, Dcbvm ev Kvbv wKQyiB wbw` msv bB| Kvbvw`bB wQjv bv, GLbI
bB, fwelZ _vKeI bv| Ges Kvbv jLK miKg msv gb PjebI bv|

Avwg hgb Kvbv msv gvwb bv| KvRB Dcbvm wnme iex`bv_i Kvbv jLv
fvjv bq, GK_v ejj Dcbvm welq AvM GKUv aviYv Zwi KiZ nqGiKg
nj Dcbvm nq, GiKg nj Dcbvm nq bvGB wRwbmUvi AwB Avwg ^xKvi
Kwi bv| Dcbvm mwKZ Kvbv mywbw` AvKvi ev aviYv h evweKB bB Zv
cw_exi k Dcbvmjvi mv_ ciii Zzjbv KijB eySZ cviv hvq| Avi GB
wPvUvI AZvcmZ
~ h Dcbvmi GKUv wbw` AvKvi AvQ, m AvKvii ga
cojB ay ZvK Dcbvm ejv hvq| KvRB Avwg Zv gb Kwi, Mviv iex`bv_i
GKUv k KvR, AmvaviY KvR| Avwg Kviv Ici Avgvi wPv Pvwcq w`Z PvB bv,
Zviv hw` GiKg K_v ej Ze Avwg Lvwj ejev, bv, gvbjvg bvZzwg Avgvi mv_
K_v ejv, Avwg eywSq `ev Avwg Kb gvbjvg bv| AvaywbKZv _vKe, bZzb K_v
_vKe, Avgvi weigZ _vKeGUvZv Lye ^vfvweK| Ze IRbUv Avwg Kiev,
IRb Ki KvbUv nvZ bev Avi KvbUv bev bv mUv wVK KievGB chB|
GUv IB, IUv GB ej NvlYv KivG njv ivq `Iqvi gbvfve, ivq `Iqvi
gbvfve mywcg KvU LvU, mvwnZ Zv Pje bv| Avwg `LwQ, `ek ivqK GK
Abyvb KD ejwQjv Avgvi wK MvivUv ZZUv fvjv jvM bv`ek ivq ZLb
LvwQjb, LvIqvUv gyLi KvQ wbq, ckK
Zvi w`K ZvwKq ejjb, AZ weKZ
Kcov bv! Lvivc jvM? Zv cov bv! ZvgvK coZ ejQ K? Zzwg cov
bv! GB njv `ek ivqi wiGvKkb| AvwgI ZvB ejev| NvlYv `evi `iKvi
Kx? hvi fvjv jvM bv m bv cojB cvi (DPt^i nvwm)!
gywnZ nvmvb : B`vbxs Avgvi iex`bv_ ej GKUv K_vi Lye Pj nqQ| GLb Avcbvi
mB ewMZ iex`bv_i K_vZB Avwm| Avcwb iex`bv_K Kb Pvb Ges Kxfve?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : fvjv ejQv| Avgvi iex`bv_ wkivbvg Zv AvwgB GKUv eB
Kiev| iZ ZvgvK h K_vUv ejjvg, IUvK wK ejZ cvwi Avgvi iex`bv_?
gywnZ nvmvb: ZvZv AekB ejZ cvib |
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : hw` ewj Avgvi iex`bv_i K_v, whwb Avgvi eenvii
iex`bv_ bvwK ewMZfve GKRb gvbylK DcfvM Kiv ev MnY welqUv wbqB
Avgvi iex`bv_?
gywnZ nvmvb : ewMZfve MnY-eRbi welqUvB awi|
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : Kxfve ZvK wbqwQ, GK `y K_vq Kgb Ki GB cki Reve
`ev? ejv? GKUz AvMB Zvgvq ejjvg Avgvi QvUejvKvi MQUvK Hfve
`Lvi K_v, Zvici Ii mv_ ZLwb Zv Avwg Rwoq Mjvg| GB Rwoq hvIqvUv Kx
Kviv vbi Rb? GB Rwoq hvIqvUv Kb? Kb NUQ? Zvnj evSv, hw` gvbyli
cwZ Avgvi AvMn _vK m iex`bv_i iPbvi cwZI Avgvi AvMn _vKe| Kbbv
iex`bv_ mviv Rxeb hv wKQy KiQbGB gvbyli Ici hZB ejv kl Aewa Avi
KvDKB Hfve ^xKvi KibwbmePq ewk g~j w`qQb gvbylKB| Zuvi KvQ
`eZv, CkihjvK Avgiv cvq weg~Z aviYv ewjZuvi KvQ GBjv wQjv bv|
iex`bv_i KweZvq, bvUK, QvUM, Dcbvm gvbyli wgwQj nvRvi j nq `uvovq|

kvkwZKx-45

kvkwZKx-46

ZvZ gvbyli AKbxq wevwiZ KgcevniI mvgbv-mvgwb `Lv gj| eo, Aviv
eo, QvU, AwZ QvU, m~ Avevi FRy mejmevB GKmB PvL co| gvbeRxebi
DZv, wbweoZv, wbwe GK mvwba-NwbZv c~YZvq PivPi cwic~Y nq IV| gvbylK
hw` KD P~ov ej MnY Kib, Zvici Avi wKQy bB| ZvZ wK wek ev` hvq? ZvB
mB wPvUvB Zv ewkK wPv| KviY cw_exZ Zv gvbyliB emevm| gvbylK cw_ex
_K Zzwg ev` w`q `vI, Zvnj cw_ex ej Avi Kvbv ei _vKevi `iKviI bB
Zzwg ZvK Qo w`q Ab Mn Pj hvI| Avi Zuvi Mvb Zv Avwg cwZwbqZB wb
memgq bevB AviwKGi cwZ Kvbvw`b exZk nev ej gbI nq bv| Zv Mvb
hiKg Ki Zwi nqPU Ki kvbv hvq| Mi ejvq mLvb Aemi jvM, wbRK
cwikg Ki coZ nqwK Zvui MI Zv Avwg coevZuvi DcbvmI Avevi
coevMviv wbq GZ K_v nQ, KvRB mUvI AviKevi coev| Zuvi AvuKv Qwe
`Levg~j Qwe Avwg GLbv `wLwb, wK Lye AmvaviY me wiwcU nqQ Zv
mjv `LwQ, `LeI| iex`bv_i jLv bvUK g nj Zv Avwg `Lev, DcfvM
Kiev| iex`bv_i fvebvi Ask bev Zuvi cPzi cwigvY mgvRwPvg~jK,
`kwPvg~jK hme jLvc AvQ mLvb _K| ivwPvg~jK I mgM cw_exi gvbyli
RMr mwKZ iPbvjvi meB `Lev Avwg| KvRB Gw`K _K ejv hvq h
iex`bv_ Avgvi KvQ Kxfve MnYhvM m K_vi Reve Zv HfveB w`Z ne| KZ
jvKB Zv MnYhvMiex`bv_I MnYhvM| Ges iex`bv_ mK Avwg ejZ
cvwi, GZUv Acwinvh wekl Avi KvDK gb nq bv| gvb wk-mvwnZi RMZ ev
Avgvi Rxeb-hvcbi iex`bv_i gZv IZUv Acwinvh Avi Zgb KD bB|
AZ wkx-mvwnwZK`i ga, jLK`i ga, Kwe`i ga bB| nuv nZ cvi,
Avgvi fvlvi Kwe ejAviKRb nqZv ejjv, bv MvUK Avwg Aviv AbK ewk
KvQ cZ PvB, nvgviK cZ PvB| Avwg ejev: bv, wVKB AvQwK h KviY
iex`bv_K me PvBZ ewk Aifve cvIqv hvq ej Avwg gb Kwi, mUv njv
GBwZwb Avgvi fvlvi jLK| GB myweavUv Avwg iex`bv_i cvwQ|
gywnZ nvmvb : GKUv K_v Lye kvbv hvq, c~ee bv Gj bvwK iex`bv_ GB
iex`bv_B nZb bv| GB gZK Avcwb KZUv h_v_ gb Kib?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : GB K_vjv me mv`v-KvjvZ fvM Kiv| mvwnZi G
mg K_v Aevi| hviv Gme K_v ej, Zviv Aevi K_v ej| Avi hviv Gme wbq
fve, ZvivI Aevi K_v fve| hv cvIqv hvq mUv ev` w`q, ZK-weZK Ki
mgqUv b Ki| nZb wK nZb-bvMbrKvii gZv GBmg K_vevZv ejvi
Kvbv A_ nq bvwK! KjKvZv kniI Lye eo wRwbm Zuvi KvQ| kvwwbKZbI,
mLvbKvi mB D`vi gvV Ges Livi ivpe Zuvi gbi fZi AvQ| Avevi GBw`K
njv DZjvbv QjQj b`xej h evsjv`kgaei K_vI GmQ| ay c~ee
bq wK! c~eei wKQy Ask, gaei wKQy Ask, `wYe I Diei wKQy Am
RvqMv ev Iw`K, Abw`Ki wKQy Aj, AviKvb-UvivKvb nZ cvi AviwKGme
wgwjqB Zuvi QvUMi f~Mvj Zwi nqQ|

Gme wRwbm njv Lye fvjv Ki wbweofve cheY Kivi gZv welq| GLb hv
NUQ Zv njv, hw` Zgb Kvbv cm Avm ev Zgb Kvbv gxgvsmvi `iKvi
nqZLb Avgiv `LZ ewm h iex`bv_ Zuvi mgM-cwZfvi KZfvM Kvb RvqMv
_K wbqQb| Avwg ejev GBme fvMi Kvbv `iKvi bB| wQbc Avgiv G
mg fvMvfvwM QvovB coZ cvwi|
gywnZ nvmvb : GUvZv iex`PPvi Avgv`i GKUv msKxYZviB cwiPq `q|
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : AekB| GB h Lvwj mv`v-Kvjv Kiv| AgyK nj ZgyK
nZv bv, ZgyK nj AgyK nZv bvGBme K_vjv K meRvvi gZv ej Avwg
Rvwb bv| hviv GB K_vjv ej, meRvvi gZv ej| eySZ ciQv Zv?
K_vevZv meRvvi gZv Ki ejj Kvbv jvf nq bv|
gywnZ nvmvb : mvcwZK mgq iex`-PPvi Kvbv bZzbZ wK Avcwb `LZ
cvb? evsjv`k GLb hv nQ?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : GKUv K_v Kx Rvbv, iex`bv_ GKw`K _K Avgv`i KvQ
m~Yf
ve GKUv KvRW Pvvi wQjv| Kwdb fiv GKUv wRwbm, ciK gviv GKUv
wRwbmZBk eQi ai wQjv AviwK| KvRB, h dzj, Zvi mif Kvbvw`b
weKwkZ nq Avgv`i mvgb `Lv w`Z cviwbm hLb c_g `Lv w`Z i
KiZLb Zvi DRbv Zv neB| Avgv`i iex`-PPvi GKK_vq gvU fwjDg ev
AvqZb hUvmUv GLb Lye xZ nq MQ| GUv hw` Avwg cuvPi `kK wKsev Qqi
`kKi m Zzjbv Kwi, Zvnj ejvB hZ cvi GUv KbvI Kiv hve bv h
iex`bv_K wbq Avgv`i AvMn KZUv eoQ| Avi DcjI AbK mgq Avgv`i
bZzb Kg-avivi Rb `qGevii mvakZZg RbevwlKx Dcj Avwg Zv gb Kwi
GKw`K _K evsjv`k Avi fviZel Kb, MvUv cw_exB Zv gZ DVQ| Zv wbq
LvwbKUv ejv hvq ewK| wK Zzwg hw` ejv h Gevii jLvjvi w`K ZvKvb,
KvbUvK Kx bZzb K_v ejv nqQ mUv weklY KibZv Zv wfb K_v| Zvnj
Avgvi Zv gb nq, h mg K_vjv Avgiv ejZ Ges bZ Af, h mg
K_vjv g~jZ kej, GKK_vq hjvK evMvo^icavb ejv hvqA_ev h mg
K_v ejZ ejZ hvi aviB b nq MQ| GiKg K_vB ewk _vKQGUv wVKB|
hvK ejv hvq bZzb bZzb RvqMv _K iex`bv_K `Lvi PvUv, ck KivUv Kg
GLvb ck Kiv wbq GKUz wekl Ki ewjiex`bv_i AwZ-cksmv Kiv hgb GKUv
Pj, Zgwb iex`bv_i `yUv Ggwb wRwbm wbq ck Kiv ev ZuvK wbq wKQy wb`vm~PK
K_v ejv, GUvI wK Kgb nq MQGUvI bZzb wKQy bq| GKmgq GUv bZzb
wQjv| ZLb fveZvgevci, iex`bv_i wei GBmg K_v wK ejv hvq! GLb
GBmg K_vjv ejZ ejZ iex`bv_i wei ejv K_vI Avgvi gbi ga
Kvbv `vM KvU bv| gbI nq bv h Lye bZzb K_v bwQ| Avmj GBme weZK Kivi
Kvbv gvb nq bv| iex`bv_ Kx Reve w`Z Avmeb? Gm Revew`wn Kieb? ejjvg
Zv, GBmg wRwbm nQ Aevi| GjvK AvjvPbvq AvbviB Kvbv A_ bB|
KviY cw_exZ me jvKB h `iKvix KvR KiQ Zv Zv bqhviv A`iKvix KvR

kvkwZKx-47

kvkwZKx-48

Ki eovQ Zzwg wK ZvK wKQy ejZ cviQv? cviQv bv| Ze Avi Kx| hviv ejQ
ejyK, ejZB cvi| Avgvi iZ `Iqvi `iKvi bB| Zv`i dj `Iqvi
`iKviI bB, iZ `IqviI `iKvi bB|
gywnZ nvmvb : iex`bv_K Avgv`i Kxfve cvV Kiv DwPZ, Avcbvi `wZ?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : Avgvi gb nq h iex`bv_K cvV Kiv DwPZ bevi Rb|
GLb hw` ejv Kx wbZ cvwiZvnj ejev Zuvi KvQ _K Dcjwi MfxiZv wbZ
cvwi| Avevi evai AZjkx AbyfeUv Kgb mUv eySevi Pv KiZ cvwi|
Mvbjv Lye fvjv Ki bZ cvwi| Avwg mcwZ Zuvi Mvb wbqB wjLwQ, wK
Mvbi Avwg wKQyB Rvwb bv| Avwg ZvB Mvbi evYx wbqB wjwLiex`bv_i Mvbi
evYx Avwg Kxfve wbAvwg Zv Zuvi Mvbi H h ^i, Aa^i, k^i Gme welq
(A_vr msMxZi w`K _K) Avgvi mywbw` Kvbv cvwZ bB| Zey Avwg
iex`bv_i Mvb b Zvi m^ K_v ejZ cvwi| iex`msMxZ _K Kx cvIqv hvq,
AvgviB wnme mUv fveZ cvwi| Avi Zzwg hw` ck Kiv h IZ me-B cvb?
Avwg ejev : bv, meUv Avi Kx Ki cvev| Avwg wK Avi wbMv`i Mvbi mB
msMvgx myiUv iex`bv_i Mvb cvev? cvev bv| mRb Zv hvwQ bv Zuvi KvQ
hvi KvQ hv cvIqv hve bv, Zuvi KvQ mBRb hvev bv| ZvQvov evcvi nQ,
Avwg wbwQ Kb hw` fvwe me iex`bv_ Ki wMqQb, Zvnj Avwg wjLZ hvwQ
KxRbGBUv wnme KijB Zv nq| hw` gb Kwi hv nevi Zvi meB Ki
djQb iex`bv_Zvnj Avgvi RvqMv KB? Zvnj Avgvi wbRi RvqMvUv eRvq
ivLZ neeRvq iLB Zv iex`bv_K wbZ ne bvwK! Zv h RvqMvUv Avgvi
eRvq AvQ m RvqMvUvq Zv iex`bv_ bB, mLvb Avwg AvwQ (nvwm)|
GLb GBfve hw` Zzwg `Lv, Zvnj eySe cwZwU B Avgiv cviwiK msNvZi ga w`q AMmi nB| iex`bv_KI Avwg mfveB MnY KiwQ|
gywnZ nvmvb : ZuvK wK Avgiv wek-gvbeZvi GKUv Amvgvb cZxK wnme `LZ cvwi bv?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : nuv, Zv Zv eUB| Avgv`i MocoZv h wnmejv Kivi
AvQm wnmejvi w`K _K Zv ejvB hvq| gvbe-mswZi GKUv mevg
cKvk NUQ iex`bv_i ga| Avwg GK RvqMvq ejwQwZwb wbR MVbKvix I
wbR MwVZ`yUvB| Avi GLb Zzwg hw` ejv iex`bv_ me w`qQb, m-K_vI wVK
bqAvevi Zzwg hw` ejv iex`bv_ wKQyB `bwb, m-K_vI wVK bq| A_ev G K_v
hw` Zzwg ejv h iex`bv_ hv w`qQb Zv AbI w`qQb, ZvI wVK bqev
iex`bv_ hv w`qQb Zv aygv iex`bv_B w`Z cvib, Avi KD cvib bvZvI
wVK bq| Avwg GfveB Zv iex`bv_K wbq AMmi nwQ, ZuvK `LwQ| cwZwbqZB
`LwQ| K_vevZv ejwQ| iex`bv_i hmg wRwbm wbq Avgvi gb nQ Kvbv ck
Zzjev, mme welq wbq ckI Zv ZzjwQck h Avwg Zzwj bv Zv Zv Avi bq|
gywnZ nvmvb : iex`bv_i `kb wbq Avcbvi fvebvUv Kx?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : GKmgq Avwg iex`bv_i `kb wbq GKUz fveZvg| cwgi
`kb hfve Zwi nqQ, iex`bv_i `kbK mfve wePvi Kiv hvq bv| eis,

fviZxq `kbi m iex`bv_i `kbUvK cvkvcvwk ivLj weePbv Kiv hvq|

BDivc hviv mvaviYfve `kbi gvbyl, Zviv nqZv fviZxq `kbUvK `kbi
chvqfyB Kib bv| Zviv GK GKaibi wbPz PvL `Lb| hw` Avgiv cwgv
`kbi BwZnvmi wbgvYi ivvUv `wLZvnj evSv hve h IUv AZ KwVb
ewK c_ AMmi nqwQjv| AZ KwVb weklYi c_ Zv AMmi nqwQjv|
ZbZb Ki LuvRv, ck Kiv, Reve cvIqv Ges me wRwbmK wekl Ki dj
Zvici `Lv| fviZi HwZnUv Zv bq, IUv GKaibi mgM AviwK| mRb
mvaviYfve `Lv hvq c~e `kxqcvPi h `kbmUv cwgi PvL, I`i
KvQ Kvbv `kb bq| GUvK Zviv gb Ki GK aibi KweZvagx wRwbm, GUv GK
aiYi wgwwmRgi gZv wRwbmaiv-Quvqvi ga bB| GB-h wRwbmUvGUv
iex`bv_K LvwbKUv cfvweZ KiwQjv| Avwg wbR wK GB c_i bB, Avwg Ab
c_iAvwg me`v gb Kwi, hUvK ej wPrkw, gvbyli GB wPrkwUvK me`v
ev` w`q KvbUvKB kl ch `Lv wVK bq| wPrkw ev wPvkwwPvkw
Avgv`iK wekl `Lvq, Afi `Lvq, AL `LvqAvi Avgv`i h gnr
AveMjv AvQ, Avgv`i Abyf~wZ-Dcjwjv AvQ, ZvK mgM `LvqcvU
`Lvq bv, Ask `Lvq bv| mBfveB iex`bv_i `kbK Avwg GKmgq `Lvi
Pv KiwQjvg| wK ci iex`bv_i ewMZ Rxebi w`K ZvwKq `LwQ h
mLvb Kvbv AZv bB ZuviKvvI bB| A_vr fviZxq `kbi h
AZvi K_vUv cwg AwfhvM wnme kvbv hvq, m AZvi evcviUv
iex`bv_i fZi KLbv Avi Avwg Lyu R cvB bv| iex`bv_i wPvi gaI Avi
AZv `wL bv, Rxeb-hvcbi fZiI Avi AZv `wL bv| mewKQyZ Lye
fveB wPv Kivi evcviUv `wL| ZvI GB `Lvi ga GKUv Afve _K
hvqiex`bv_i `Lvi gaDwb hZUv Av`ki wP AuvKZ cvib, Kvvbi
wnme w`Z cvibc_wb`ki ejvq Dwb Pzc Ki _vKb| KviY wZwb hUv
PvBQb, mUv PvBjB h nq bvGKUv cwqv jvM, G cwqvi K_vB Zv Kvj
gvKm ejQb| wecei cwqv ev nqZv icvZi cwqv, nqZv hyi cwqv,
nqZv jovBqi cwqv| GB wRwbmUvK iex`bv_ hZUv iZ `Iqv `iKvi,
ZZUv iZ mvivRxeb `bwb| GUv iex`bv_ mK Avgvi mvaviY GKUv ge|
Avwg GUv ejwQ GRb h wZwb, Zuvi mvgwMK gbvfvei gah Kvvb AvQ,
h eveeva AvQ mUv Lye AmvaviY| Zv Kij gvbyli mgvRUv my Ges wbivgq
nq DVZv| wK PvBjB Zv Avi mUv nq bvgvbyli fvjv KiZ PvBjI KD
fvjv KiZ cvie bv| Avi gvbyli fvjv PvBjI Zv Zv Avcbv-Avcwb fvjv ne
bv| mRb Zv Kgcv `iKvi bvwK| mB Kgcvi RvqMvUv eo KwVb RvqMv| Zzwg
ejZ cviv, AmvaviY GKUv ZejvAc~e my`i evRbv m w`Z cviwK
ZvgvK hw` ewj IiKg GKUv evwbq `Ibv! GfveB hw` Zzwg ejZ, GiKg Ki
mgvRUv nj mePvBZ fvjv nqAvwg ejev, Zv GiKg KiB mgvRUv Mo
`Ibv! GB c_Uv cvq mevBwekl Ki hviv Av`kcw, wekl Ki hviv
fveev`xZviv GB cvUvi K_v wK wPv Kib bv| mB KviYB, Zv`i GUv

kvkwZKx-49

kvkwZKx-50

GKaibi BQvB _K hvqmB BQvK eve cwiYZ Kivi Rb h my

c_wb`kUv `iKvi, Zv Zviv KiZ cvib bv| A_vr Zvi ivvUv nQ fvei ivv,
Kgi ivv bq| GB GKB ck Avwg ZzjwQjvg Mviv m^| iex`bv_i wec
GUvB Avgvi K_v wQjv h fvei viv eve cwieZb nq bv| hZB msvigy,
wekvj `qi gy gvbyl wnme Mviv nq hvb bv KbfviZel Zvi mg
Kzmsvi I AKvi wbq hLvb co AvQ mLvbB _vKehZY bv ch
mUvK wbw` GKUv cv Aej^b Ki cwieZb Kiv hve| GB RvqMvUvZB NvUwZ|
ay iex`bv_i NvUwZ bq, e `vkwbKi GB RvqMvZB GKUv NvUwZ iqQ,
cwgi `vkwbKivI Gi evBi bb| Avmj Gjv nQ Lye fZii K_v, Gjv
KLbv wekl cm Gj ZLbB Avwg AvjvPbv Kwi| mvaviYfve Gme K_v
AvjvPbvq Zzwj Kg`iKvi bB ej| hLb Kvbv mgq KD Avm, Gm ej
Avcwb GKevi PzjPiv Ki wePvi Kib, ZLbB Avwg Gme K_v ewj|
gywnZ nvmvb : iex`bv_i h eenvi I DchvwMZv, Avgv`i fZim mK?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : m K_v Zv Avwg MZ `k eQi ai meB ej eovwQ|
cZK wbRB wbRi ivv LyuR wbKiex`bv_i KvQ hvevi Rb| Ges
iex`bv_i DchvMxZv AvQ Kx bB, mUv mevB wbRB wePvi KiK|
Avwg Zv Kwi gb Zuvi DchvwMZv AvQ, ay AvQ bqLy-D-e AvQ|
gywnZ nvmvb : mvgwMKfve iex`bv_i QvUMK Kxfve `Lb? Avcbvi
QvUM wjLevi cQb wK iex`bv_ Kvbvfve cfve djQb?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : kvbv, Gjv GZ eW Kvqb! eW Kvqb gykwKj
AvQ| Zvnj AbK Amyweav nq hve| ejZ cvi h iex`bv_i M hw` GZB
fvjvevmb Ze iex`bv_i wecixZ hme M jLv mme wK fvjvevmb bv?
Avcwb wK gucvmvi M fvjvevmb bv? I nbixi M fvjvevmb bv? ZLb Zv
gykwKj co hvev Avwg! KvRB, e-gZ e-c_| iex`bv_iI GKUv c_|
AmvaviY| iex`bv_i jLv, GB c_i RvqMv _KAvwg mLvb Zuvi Kvbv
Zzjbv cvB bv| gvbyli Ai hmg myeyw AvQ, gvbeZvi eva hjv AvQ,
gvbyli ga HKi h aviYvUv AvQGjv GZ PgrKvifve cKvk Kivi
evcviUv iex`bv_ hfve NUQ, Zuvi QvUMi gamUvi Zzjbv gjv fvi|
Avevi, hviv Gme KiZ hvbwbZv`i gaI AbK AmvaviY M wjLQb| mM Avgvi mgvb wcq| Avi Avgvi ewMZ welq, Avgvi Zv gb nq bv h Kvbv
wKQyZ iex`bv_i evcviUv Avwg mPZbfve MnY KiwQ| Ze `LZ cvi
Avgvi jLv hviv comB cvVKiv| GUv Zv`i Rb _vKeZviv wePvi Kie|
Avgvi ejvi Zgb wKQy bB|
gywnZ nvmvb : iex`bv_i KweZvi hvB| Avcbvi ewMZ gZ G welq ?
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : Avgvi gZ nQ, iex`-KweZv wPiKvjiZuvi e KweZv
wPiKvji KweZv| cw_exi k KweZvjvi mv_ Zzjbxq! GB-Zv!

gywnZ nvmvb : kl ck, w`bi kli h iex`bv_wZwb Avcbvi KvQ Kgb?

nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : w`bi kli iex`bv_K Avgvi KvQ me-PvBZ cwiYZ, me
Pq cwiYZ gvbyl, AwfZvi viv RRwiZ, AwfZvi viv F, eveK me PvBZ
cwivifve `LZ cvIqv gvbylG-B gb nq| iex`bv_ me PvBZ F
nqQbAvgvi gZhZ Zuvi eqvew NUQ| Zuvi mwgZviI ew NUQ eqm
evoevi mv_ mv_| Ges GZ AUzU mwgZv wbq wZwb Avwk eQi eqm cw_ex
Qo Pj MQb| GUv Avgvi KvQ GKeviB GKUv cvKwZK NUbvi gZv| Kvbv
gvbyli cw_exZ GUv me ej Avgvi gb nqwb| kl gyn~Z chI mwi GB
AmvaviY gZv! mRb kl iex`bv_KB Avgvi KvQ mePq cwiYZ, me PvBZ
MnYhvM, me PvBZ fvebv-D`KKvix| KLbv KLbv ejv hZ cvi GK aibi
wWvwes AwfZv nq iex`bv_ coj| ewMZfve Avgvi kl jLvi AbK
KweZvi K_v cwZwbqZB gb co| GKUv `ycy ii K_v gb co| wfvwiqv
IKvv ZuvK h PwKUv, BwRPqviUv iex`bv_K w`qwQjbhUv Zuvi D`qbi
h NiUvq wZwb _vKZb, mLvb cvZv wQjv| Zvi cQbi `qvj muvUv wQjv
iex`bv_i nvZi jLv| kl jLvq hv AvQ, i`Zvc Suv-Suv Ki/ Rbnxb ejv
`ycni|/ k~b PwKi cvb Pvwn,/ m_vq mvbvjk bvwn| GB h i`Zvc Suv-Suv
Ki GUvAvwg gb Kwiivpi `yciy ejvq bv Mj Zzwg eySZ cvie bv K_vUv|
Avi Zuvi ZLbKvi M` AvQ mgmvgwqK wekUvK `Lv, gvbyli fwelZ wbq
Ame DrKv-DM Ges nZvkvme AvQ| ZviciI c` wZwb Avgv`i ga
DxcbviB mw KiZ PqQb| AbK KweZv ZLb wjLwQjb, Kuvcv-Kvucv nvZ|
H gnvgvbe Avm! nvZi jLvUv `Lv, ZLb Zuvi nvZi jLv Kuvcfvjv Ki
wjLZ cvib bv| gnvgvbe gvb Kx? GLvb gvbylB evSvQb, Kvbv Cki,
AjwKK mv ev cqM^igvUB mmei K_v gb Kibwb| gvbyli ga hw`
Mo Kiv , hw` ZvgvK Avwg wRm Kwi What is the idea of a man? ZLb Zzwg Kx
Reve `e? Zzwg ejZ cvie? ejZ cvie bv| Zvnj ejevi GBfve Pv Kiv
hvq, me gvbyl Zv ^ZwK GB me ^Z gvbyl GKUv RvqMvq Zv gvbylKx
mUv? mBUvKB Avwg gvbyl ewj, gvbyli aviYv ewj| Mvqi iO Avjv`v, fvlv
Avjv`v, AvPiY Avjv`vcZKUv gvbyl ^Z| GZ ^vZ mI ejvi mgq ewj
gvbyl, Kb ewj? GZ cv_K Zv gvbyl ej wPwZ Kwi Kb? Zvnj wbqB gvbyl
ej GKUv wRwbm AvQ, hv GB GZ Avjv`vi fZiI GKmBUvKB hw` gvbe
ewj Avwgiex`bv_i PvL wZwbB gnvgvbe| GBUv `Lj, gvbweK RMZi evBi
iex`bv_i Avi wKQy bBGB K_vUv wK gv_vq XywKq wbZ ne| `eZv, Cki
hZB ejyb Dwbklgk mB gvbylB Zuvi KvQ me nq `Lv `q|
iex`bv_ mviv Rxeb GZ k~bZv ev c~YZ
vi K_v ejQbwZwb cwiklI mB
k~b I c~Y| Awbtkl|

kvkwZKx-51

kvkwZKx-52

gvRvd&di nvmb : mvi, Avcwb kvixwiK-gvbwmK mew`K _K GLb Kgb AvQb?

RyjwdKvi gwZb : fvjv _vKv ejZ nq| kvixwiKfve nqZ fvjv AvwQ| Abw`K
w`qI fvjv AvwQ| Ze h aibi fvjv _vKvi welqUv Avgiv wPv Kwi ev h fve
_vKZ PvB h Kvb KviYB nvK mUv nq IV bv|
gvRvd&di nvmb : mvi, Avgiv AvR iex`bv_i mvwnZ mK Avcbvi wKQy
K_v bev ej GmwQ| c_gB Avwg ivgvb Kwe jywmqvm-Gi KweZv welqK
GKwU ge w`q i KiwQ| wZwb ejwQjb, KweZvi j gvbe mfZvK
Kzmsvi I gZzfq _K cwivY Kiv| iex`bv_i KweZv GB KvRwU KZLvwb
KiZ ciQ ej Avcwb gb Kib ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : Zvgv`i abev` G welq Avgvi KvQ wKQy kvbvi ev Rvbvi
AvMni Rb| Ze Zvi AvM Avwg Zvgvi KvQ GKUv welq RvbZ PvB,
jywmqvmi GB DwwU Zzwg Kb eQ wbj?
gvRvd&di nvmb : KweZv mK GB geUv jywmqvm KiQb AvR _K
eeQi AvM| AvRI Avgiv Zuvi GB K_vwUK AwZ cvmwK I iZc~Y ej gb
Kwi weavq iex`bv_i KweZv weklY Kivi Rb Avgiv mB cvPxb Kwei KvQ
wdi MwQ ev hZ PvB|
RyjwdKvi gwZb : wVK AvQ, jywmqvm AekB Avgv`i Zzjbvq cvPxb| Ze
GUvI wVK h wk-mvwnZi De I weKvki Kvj _KB gvUvgywUfve hviv

mRbkxj gvbyl Zuviv GB aibi K_v ej AvmQb| KvRB mB w`K _K `LZ

Mj jywmqvmi h Dw mUvi GKUv avivevwnKZv iqQ| Avmj Avgiv hUvK
wk ewj, GLb mB wk Zv KjKviLvbvZI `wL| GB wki m mRbkxj
wki wK gwjK cv_K bB| KviY H chwy jvI gvbyli GKUv Kbvkw
_KB GmQ| nqZ Rxebi cqvRbB mUv Zv`iK wkwLqQ| hgb, gvbyl
cv_i Nl Avb RvjvZ wkLQ| g~jZ, Avgiv gvbyli `yUv mv `wL| GKUvK
Avgiv eymv ewj, AbUvK ewj fvemv| wK Avgvi gb nq G-`yUvK Avjv`v
Kivi Kvb KviY bB| Avgv`i `n AvQ ejB Zv PZb AvQ| Avevi Avgv`i
PZb bv _vKj `n APj| GB e I fveRMZi DiY NUvbvi h AvKvv mB
AvKvv _KB Zv gvbyl mgvR MoQ| RxebhvcbK AviI mnR Kievi Rb
Mo ZzjQ mfZv| iUv wK GfveB| KvRB, gvbyli mRbkxjZvi h welq
Zvi GKUv Nbxf~Z ic mB cvPxbKvji KweZvi wfZi Avgiv cqwQ| AekB
KweZv gvbyli RxebK weKwkZ Kievi GKUv welq| Avi gvbyli RxebK weKwkZ
Kivi K_v fveZ Mj Zv KzmsvivQb nIqv Pje bv| Avi mB m gZz fqi
h evcviUv, GUv wbq bvbvRb bvbvfve wPv Ki AvmQb| GLbv ch
ewgvbyli Rxeb gZz Uv AgvN| KviY gvbylK euvwPq ivLvi evcviUv GLbI
Avwevi Kiv me nqwb| Avgiv hUv ARb KiZ PvB mUv wK Avmj
mgwMZfve gvbyli Rxeb Pj Avm| KvRB mLvb gZz fqi evcviUv AZUv
evav nq `uvovZ cvi bv| Avi KweZv gvbyli mRbkxjZv weKvki ga w`q
gZz fqK AwZg KiZ kLvq| GLb hw` iex`bv_i K_vUv ewj nuv, iex`bv_
GB KvRwU KiQb, mwU Zuvi KweZv cojB evSv hvq| wZwb KzmsviK hfve
AvNvZ KiQb, mgvR wece KiZ Pvq hme Kwe-mvwnwZK ZuvivI mBfve cvib
wb| iex`bv_i `wZ, gZy gvbyli Rxeb GKUv wmsnvi wnmeB KvR Ki,
GKUv Ab gywZ wbq hvIqvi Rb| ZvB AvwiK A_, Avgiv hvK gZz ewj,
iex`bv_ h mBfve gZz K `Lb wb, mUv Zuvi jLv cojB evSv hvq| GUv
wVK h GKRb gvbyl GKUv wekl mgq I mgvR RbMnY Ki| Ges mB mgvRi
cPwjZ fvlv I agK ZvK MnY KiZ nq| GB ebjv gvbyl wbRi weKvki
Rb wKsev wbivcvi Rb gb wbqQ| wK Avevi GB ebjv _K gyI
nZ nq| Kbbv, GB ebjv KLbI bv KLbI gvbeZv weKvki cwZeKZv nq
`uvovq| iex`bv_i hUv `wL, `ki agxq ivRbxwZi KviY ZuvK wbq
AbK bwZevPK K_v ejv nq _vK| wK kwcqvii Avgiv ejwQ bv h
wZwb wLvb Kwe! Avgiv iex`bv_i K_v ejwQ Kb? ejwQ, KviY Avgv`i mvgb
GKUv ivRbwZK Dk AvQ| mRb nqZ Avgv`i wbR`i ga _K
GKRbK `uvo KivwQ| wK bRij-iex`bv_i ga Zv Kvb weiva wQj bv|
Avevi GI `Lv MQ h, GKmgq agviv bRijK Kvdi ej cZvLvb KiQ|
wK cieZxKvj ZvivB Avevi bRijK MnY KiQ| gwnqmx ivKqvK wbhvZb
Kiv nqQ, A_P ZuvKB Avevi GLb wm^vwjK wnme `Lv nQ| KvRB wkmvwnZi welq hw` Avgv`i mvgb ivwL, Avgv`i gv_vUv AekB cwivi ivLZ
ne| Avgiv `LZ cvB, Zjq wLvb njI gvbevZvK Kxfve mvwnZ wbq

kvkwZKx-53

kvkwZKx-54

iex`bv_ hw` GZw`b euP _vKZb Zvnj wZwb KwgDwb nq hZb|

iex`bv_i mvwnZ cm RyjwdKvi gwZb

Kwe, K_vmvwnwZK I cvewK RyjwdKvi gwZbGi Rb 1946 mvj cvebvi gevauvq| `xNw`b
_K wZwb ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq evsjv wefvMi
Aavcbv KiQb| Zuvi cKvwkZ Mi msLv 30Gi Dci| Zuvi cKvwkZ Mi KqKwU njv :
^iYx ^`k ZzB (Kve, 1972) bxwjgvK Puv`
`e ej (Kve, 2000), Kvi PiY wP ai
(Kve, 2011), mv`v Kzqvkvi cvwL (Dcbvm, 1889), gvbe gvbex (Dcbvm,
1996), gywhyi M (1997), AbiKg (M, 2000), KweZvi `k (ce,
1996), MZ hyM wdi Avm bv (KjvgM, 1995), bv div (gywhyi bvUK,
1986), Rb bq gZz bq euvwPevi mva (evwbK KKvwnbx) BZvw`|

AvM gvmi 8 ZvwiL `ycyi 1Uvi mgq ivRkvnx wekwe`vjqi knx`yjvn&

Kjv feb GB mvvrKviwU MnY Kwi| m wQj gn`x nvmvb I gywnZ nvmvb
gvRvd&di nvmb|

GmQb| Avgvi gb nq, iex`bv_KI Avgv`i mBfve `Lv DwPr| bRij

wbRB ejQb, h Kzj Avwg RbMnY KiwQ mUv Avgvi `e, Avwg ZvK AwZg
KiZ ciwQ ejB Avwg Kwe| KvRB mRbkxj gvbyliv me gvbyli m` wnmeB
Avmeb Avgv`i mBfve `Lv DwPZ|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_i Mvb I KweZvq gvbecg bv AavZPZbv
Kvb&UvK Avcwb eov Ki `Lb ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : gvbe cg Ges AavZPZbvK Avjv`v Kiv hvq wK-bv mUv
AvM gxgvsmv Kiv `iKvi| GLb aiv ewgP` ejQb h, wjL hw` mgvRi
DcKvi KiZ cvib ZeB wjLeb| KvRB ZuvK Avgiv GKRb mvgvwRK `vqe
jLK wnme gb wbZ cvwi| Avevi wK Abw`K ejQb h m`h mw nj
jLvi g~j Dk| GLb GB `yUv wRwbmK gjvbv nq GBfve h gvbyli hLb
GKUv DiY NU wKsev GKUv chvq hLb gvbylK wbq hvIqv nq ZLb GB `yqi
ga Kvb weiva _vK bv| Avi iex`bv_i Zv ejv hvq h wZwb gvbecg
I AavZPZbvK GK Ki `LQb| Zuvi c_g Rxebi jLv GKwU KweZvq
ejQb, `eZvi hvnv w`Z cvwi, w`B ZvB wcqRb, wcqRb hvnv w`Z cvwi, w`B
ZvB `eZvi| wcqRb Ges `eZvi gvS KvbI cv_K wZwb `Lb wb| bRiji
GB Mvb Zv Zvgiv bQ, Zzjwm Zjvq he mvejvq Zzwg Kwie cYvg, `eZvi
bvg wbZ fywjevi wbqv gvi bvg| Avgv`i `ki HwnZMZ h `kb mLvbI
wK AavZPZbv I agPZbvi ga KvbI cv_K bB| eZ, gvbyli ga w`qB
`eZvi cKvk NUQ, ZvB GB `yUv wRwbmK Avjv`v Ki `Lvi cqvRb bB|
iex`bv_I Zv Kib wb| wZwb Avmj ewi gyw PqQb Ges mB ewi gywUv
Zvi AvwZK RvMiYi fZi w`q NUvZ PqQb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : 30-Gi `kKi Kweiv wKsev AvaywbK Kweiv iex`bv_ _K
KZLvwb ei nZ ciwQjb ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : GUv wVK h wki `kKi Kweiv mPZbfveB iex`bv_i aviv
_K ei nIqvi Pv KiwQjb| Zvi GKUv cavb KviY njv, wki `kKi hviv
cavb Kwe Zuviv mKj AvaywbK wkvq wkwZ Ges AbKB BsiwR mvwnZi Qv
wQjb| BsiwR mvwnZ h iex`bv_ cob wb, mUv bq| iex`bv_i KweZvq
ivgvwUKZvi h welq ZvZv BsiwR KweZv _KB GmwQjv| iex`bv_ cvvZ
PZbvi m fviZxq PZbvi wgkY NwUqwQjb| GLvb GKUv K_v ej ivLv fvjv
h ewi hgb f~wgKv AvQ, GUvI wVK h Zvi cvkvcvwk mgq ev hyMi f~wgKvI
Zgb AvQ| aiv, wek BsiR`i kvmbeev PjQ `xNw`b, nq Mj `yB `yUv
wekhy| Aviv AbK cwieZb Avgiv j KiwQ| wPvMZ ev fvev`ki w`K w`q
wki `kKi hviv Kwe Zviv GB mvgwMK welqi mv_ cwiwPZ wQjb| Zvici
ibmuv ev AZxZK cybivq Avwevi Kivi h evcviUv Avgv`i GLvb Ebwesk
kZvxZ NUwQj Zv Zuviv j Ki `Ljb| c~eeZx Kweiv fviZxq cyivYi
gvSB mxgve iLwQjb wbR`iK| wK wki `kKi Kweiv `Ljb Gi
evBiI Zv cyivY AvQ, BwjqvW AvQ, IwWwm AvQ ev AviI AbK wKQyB AvQ|

KvRB GjvK bZzb Ki Avgv`i mvwnZ Gcvi Kivi cqvRbxqZv Zuviv

Abyfe Kijb| wki `kKi Kweiv Avjv`vfve nqZ AbK wKQyB KiQb Avi I
meB wQj hyMi GKUv cwieZbi dj, hUv Avgiv gvwbK, Zvivki I wef~wZf~lYGi M I DcbvmI cvB| GfveB evsjv mvwnZ GKUv bZzb aviv Zwi nqQ|
Kwe`i cKvkfw cv Mj| mgqi mv_ mv_ cKvkfw cvveB| iex`bv_i
wbSii ^cf
cov Avi bRiji we`vnx KweZv cov, GKUv jLv nqQ wk
eQi AvM, Ze `yUv KweZvZB ivgvwUK DQvm I eb gywi evcviUv GmQ|
wK fvlvUv AbiKg| KvRB wki `kKi Kwe`i gaI cv_KUv HfveB
GmQ| GUv Zuviv mPZb fveB KiQb|
gn`x nvmvb : GB cwieZbUv iex`bv_ VvKzi Kxfve wbqwQjb ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : welqe ev Dcv`vbi w`K _K iex`bv_ wK GB cwiewZZ
cwiwwZi AbK wKQyB MnY KiwQjb| Zuvi cyb KveM coj mUv evSv
hvq| wZwb h Zuv`i fvjvfveB MnY KiwQjb mUv evSv hvq H mgqi hviv
cavb Kwe Zuv`i mv_ iex`bv_i ewMZ mK cheY Kij| Avmj GLvb
weivwaZv Kivi KvbI welq bB| Avwg gb Kwi, mvgb GwMq hZ nj
cwieZbK gvbZB ne, bv nj GMvbv hve bv| GB cwieZbUv MnY Kiv gvb wK
weivwaZv Kiv?
gvRvd&di nvmb : gvwbK, wef~wZ, Zvivki-Gi mvwnZ Avgiv Lye mvaviY
gvbyl`i Lye mvaviYfveB cvB| wK iex`mvwnZ mvaviY gvbylB nq IV Lye
ewk BUjK&Pqz vj Ges AwZgvvq KvweK welqwUK Avcwb Kxfve `Lb ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : nuv, GUv wVK h GKmgq gvbyli `vwe wQj h mvaviY gvbyl`i
mvwnZ wbq AvmZ ne| wekl Ki hviv gvKmev`x Zuviv G `vwe KiZb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : gvwbK Zv GB KvRwUB KiQb ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : gvwbK GB KvRwU gvKmev`x nIqvi AvM _KB i KiQb|
GLb K_v nQ gvbyli AbK `ytL e`bvi K_v Leii KvMRjv Qvc, mUv wK
mvwnZ bv| mvwnZ Avjv`v GKUv wqwUwfwU _vKeB| AviKUv welq aiv, GB h
mvwnZ Rv`yeveZvi K_v ejv nQ| Avwg Zv gb Kwi mUvI Avjv`v wKQy bv|
Avgiv hLb kirP`i Dcbvm cowQ, Rvwb Gi _K wg_v Kvwnbx ev NUbv Avi
cw_exZ bvB| wK GUvK Avgiv wekvm Kwi| Kb? KviY Gi ga GK aibi
gvwRKvj Bd KvR Ki| GB mg AvBwWqv cwg _K Avm, Zviv Gjv
Avgv`i KvQ wew Ki| gvbyli h weklvwqZ ic mUvB wK Avgiv mvwnZ
PvB| Ges GKUv mvwnZ ev wkKgK vwqZ w`Z ev wPiKvjxb KiZ GUv
cqvRbI eU| GKUv cPwjZ K_v AvQ, kirP`K GKevi wRm Kiv nqwQj,
Avcbvi jLv Zv eywS, iex`bv_i jLv Zv eywS bv? kirP` ejwQjb, Zvgiv
eySe Kx Ki, Dwb Zv jLb Avgv`i Rb, Zvgv`i Rb Zv jLb bv! GUv
KZzK Ki ejZ cvib| GLb welq njv, GKUv gvbyli ^Zic hw` Avgiv
mvwnZ bv cvB Zvnj Zvi KvQ Avgiv hvev Kb? ay wK dUvMvd `L eove?

kvkwZKx-55

kvkwZKx-56

gvRvd&di nvmb : Avwg ejZ PvwQ Kzei Ges AwgZi K_v| KzeiK Avgiv
Avgv`i Pbv-Rvbv RMZB cvB| wK AwgZ hZUv bv evei Zvi _K Xi ewk
Kbvi, bq wK?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : Kzei njv GK RMZi Avi AwgZ njv AviK RMZi, KvRB
Zv`i Aevbi welqUv Zv`i Pwi icvqbi ga w`q dzwUq Zvjv nqQ|
iex`bv_i welqUvK h Avgiv cksmv Kiev mUvI bv| wZwb cwiekbvi w`K
w`q wKfve dzwUq ZzjQb mUvI `Lvi welq| kli KweZv hLb ei nwQj,
ZLb Zv wki `kKi KweivI cQ` KiwQjb| ey`e emy Zuvi GK jLvq Zv
ejQbI|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_i Dcbvm cojB evSv hvq h GUv GKRb Kwei Dcbvm|
RyjwdKvi gwZb : Avmj kli KweZvq Zv KweiB Rq nqQ| GLb GUvK
Dcbvmi GKUv aviv wnme `LZ ne| Ze Gi wfZi w`q gvbyli cgfvjvevmvB ewj, Rxeb-hvcbB ewj, Zvi h icUv wZwb GbQb Zv wK Zywg
A^xKvi KiZ cvie bv| jvebK wZwb ejQb, m njv mivei Avi KZKx
njv Novi Rj| Novi Rj LvIqv hvq Avi mivei muvZvi KvUZ nq| A_vr
Avgv`i h cvw_e RMr-msmvi Gi evBi Avgv`i wbq hvIqv| ay msmvii gaB
hw` Avgiv wbR`i wbgM ivwL Zvnj Zv Mi bvwqKvK Zvi kii Ihyi e`bv
GwMq w`Z ne| wKsev kvoxi Rb Rvqbvgvh weQvZ ne| wK Gi evBi h
Zvi Avjv`v GKUv AvZv AvQ G wRwbmUvK Zv A^xKvi Kiv hvq bv|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_i iweevi M Avgiv `LwQ AwfK Z_vKw_Z
ag I Cki-fvebv wbq ck ZyjQ| GB _K wK ai bIqv hvq iex`bv_ kli
w`K mskqev`i w`K avweZ nqwQjb ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : AbK AvMB Avwg Avgvi GKUv jLvq ejwQjvg iex`bv_
hw` GZw`b euP _vKZb Zvnj wZwb KwgDwb nq hZb| Zuvi wkZx_
KweZvwUZ wZwb ejQb, Avwg evZ gnxb| ZvQvov wZwb Zv ev mgvRi
GKRb wQjb| mLvb Zv wbivKvi Ckii K_vB ejv nqQ| c~Rv APbv ev g~wZi
evcvi Zv mLvb wQj bv| Avi ZvQvov Avgv`i AvbyvwbK h Cki, GB Ckii
e`bv iex`bv_ KLbB Kib wb| Avgv`i cPwjZ h Cki mB CkiK wZwb hZUv
me eRb KiQb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`mvwnZ bvixiv KZUv cMwZkxj I ^vaxb Ges gywKvgx
ej Avcwb gb Kib ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : AvRK Zvgvi h bvixev`x aviYv mUv w`q Zv iex`bv_i
KvjK wePvi Kij Pje bv| iex`bv_ h mgq RbwQjb mB mgqi cvcU
ZuvK wePvi KiZ ne|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv `LwQ `ok eQi ciI iex`bv_i RbwcqZv
GKwe`y Kgwb| GLbI wZwb mgvbfve cvmwK| mB Rb Avgv`i Kvji wePvi
ZuvK hw` wPv Kwi, Ze ?

RyjwdKvi gwZb : m `Lv hve h iex`mvwnZi wKQy wKQy bvix we`vwnbxi

f~wgKv cvjb KiQ| mePvBZ mgvjvPbv Kiv nq hvMvhvM Dcbvm wbq| Kzgwy `bx
cwZ gyn~ Z iv nQ, webvw`bxi gvS cwZ gyn~ Z GKUv KvR KiQ|
Dcbvmi ga Avgiv gvbweK Pwi PvB| mB Pwi Avgiv iex`bv_i Dcbvm
cvB| GUv wVK h ewgP` weaev`i weq w`qQb, iex`bv_ Zv cvib wb| Avmj
wZwb Zuvi PwiMyjvK Hfve vMvb wnme eenvi KiZ Pvb wb|
gn`x nvmvb : wZwb Zuvi bvix PwijvK H mgvRi evBiI ei Kib wb!
RyjwdKvi gwZb : ei KijB ev Kx nZv? ivwnbxi m hw` Mvwe` jvji weq
w`Zb, Zvnj cuvPUv-`kUv mvb nZv| ZvZ wki Kx nZv? ivwnbxK gi
djv ch GKUv gvbyli h msNvZ, iY m wRwbm Zv Avgiv cZvg bv| Dcbvm
AvaywbK Kvji mw| mUv Zv Avi icK_v bq h ivRcy Mj, `Z-`vbe gi
ivRKbvK wbq Avmjv, weq Kijv Avgvi MUv dzivjv, bU MvQUv gyovjv!
KvRB Hfve wePvi Kiv wVK bv| Zuvi Kvj ev mgq bvixi Rb hZUzKz ejv me
Zv wZwb ejQb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_K wbq c~ee cPiz AvjvPbv nqQ I nQ|
GLb Zv ejZ Mj, iex`-AvjvPK fi MQ `k| Gme AvjvPK I AvjvPbv
wbq Avcwb KZUv Avkvev`x?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : nuv, iex`bv_i GB mvakZRbevwlKx Dcj nqZ bvbviKg
ccwKv ei nQ| ZvgivI KiQv, KvRB Gjv Zv nZB cvi| me jLvi
mv_ hvMvhvM bv _vKj G welq wKQy ejv gykwKj| Ze GUv wVK, mvcwZK h
evcvi, mUvi vwqZ wbfi Kie cieZxKvj mUvi MnYhvMZvi Dci| KvRB
hUv MnYhvM bq, mUv evwZj nq hve, GB Avi wK!
gvRvd&di nvmb : AbKi KvQ Zzjbvg~jKfve Rxebvb` eov Kwe| Avcbvi
KvQ Kwe wnme iex`bv_ VvKzi I Rxebvb` `vm-Gi Zzjbvg~jK Aevb Kgb?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : cZK Kwe, cZK jLK Zuv`i Aevb _K Zuv`i iZc~Y
wRwbm Zwi Kib| Avi Avgvi K_v hw` ejZ nq, mUv nj Avwg evsjv KweZvK
GLb ch wZbUv cRbZ fvM KiwQ| GK. gaym`~ b, `yB. iex`bv_, wZb.
Rxebvb`| Avwg gb Kwi, KweZvi aviv, DiY, weKvk mvgwMK w`K weePbv Ki
GLb evsjv KweZvi GUv ZZxq cRb PjQ| KvRB GLvb eov Kwe, QvU Kwei
Zv KvbI evcvi Avm bv| GKgv g~Li vB ejZ cvi, Gu`i K eov Avi K
QvU Kwe|
gvRvd&di nvmb : K_vcm ZZxq cRbi Kwe`i K_v Pj AvmQ| Avcbvi
KvQ GB cRbi DjLhvM Kwe Kviv ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : GUv ejZ Mj Avwg Avmj hvu`i KweZv cwo Zuv`i K_v ejZ
nq| Avevi Avwg, ejwQ bv ej h Zuviv eo Kwe bv ZvI Zv bv| Rxebvb` `vk-Gi
Kvj huviv wQjb, 30-Gi `kK Avi wK, Zuv`i ga aiv wez `, Awgq PeZx,
Rxebvb` Zv AvQbB| Zvi cieZx mgq kw Pvcvavq-Gi K_v ejv hvq| Avi
Avgv`i GLvb..., Avmj hUv nqQ, `k wefvMi dj evsjv mvwnZi `yB ei

kvkwZKx-57

kvkwZKx-58

avivUv cv MQ| Zvi KviY GLvbKvi eveZv GKiKg, ILvbKvi eveZv

AbiKg| mw`K _K cvwKvb nIqvi ci kvgmyi ivngvb wQjb| Zvici aiv..
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avj gvngy` ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : nuv| Avj gvngy`-Gi c_g w`KKvi KveM mvbvjx Kvweb,
Kvji Kjm-Gi K_v ejv hZ cvi| Avgvi gb nq h Zuvi cwZfvi cieZxZ
Zgb weKvk NUwb| cieZx mgq Zuvi AbyeZb NUQ gv| mUv AbKUv kvgmyi
ivngvb-Gi gaI wKQyUv `LZ cvB| kvgmyi ivngvb-Gi AbK KweZvi gaI
AwZK_b AvQ...| Avgvi gb nq, Aveyj nvmvb-Gi KweZvi Wc_& AbK ewk|
gywnZ nvmvb : knx` Kv`ix ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : knx` Kv`ix-Guiv Zv aiv AbKUv, gvb Kwe wnme Zuv`i
Aeg~jvqb Kivi evcvi bq Ze KweZvi h aibi wbweZv `iKvi mUv
Zuv`i ga KZvUv AvQ ejv gykwKj|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Rq Mv^vgxi KweZv Avcbvi Kgb jvM ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : nuv, Rq Mv^vgxI fvjv| Avmj evsjv KweZvq mvaviYZ H
KweivB wUK _vKQb ev _vKeb hviv GKUz wgmwUK aibi KweZv jLb Avi wK!
Abw`K, webq gRyg`vi, kL Nvli K_vI ejv hZ cvi|
gvRvd&di nvmb : bexb jLK`i jLK nq IVvi Rb I cexY jLK`i
jLbxaviv ev gvbUvK hvPvB Kivi Rb iex`bv_ cVb-cvVb KZUv Riwi ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : GUvK hw` UKwbKvwj `Lv hvq, iex`bv_ co h GLbKvi
cRbK wkv wbZ ne welqwU Zv bq| iex`bv_ aiv GKaibi welq wbq
wjLQb, wZwb GKaibi AvwK eenvi KiQb| Zv memgq AbymiYhvM evcvi
bq| Ze h wRwbmUv `Lvi mUv nj gvbe AvZvi h welqUv, mUv wZwb Kxfve
DwVq GbQb mB wRwbmUv GKwU wkbxq nZ cvi|
gvRvd&di nvmb : GwjqU ejQb, cwZUv jLKK Zuvi UvwWkb ev AZxZ
_K wkLZ ne...
RyjwdKvi gwZb : kvbv, AZxZ ev hvK Avgvi UvwWkb ewj mUv wK
mveKb&mvmwj GKRb jLKi ga PjB Avm|
gywnZ nvmvb : Zvnj KD hw` ej Avwg iex`bv_ _K wKQy wkwL bvB, Zvnj
mUv fyj ejv ne wbq ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : ZvZv eUB, Avgiv ivgvqY, gnvfviZ, IwWwm, BwjqvW cwobv?
mLvb _KI Zv Avgv`i bIqvi AbK wKQy AvQ|
gywnZ nvmvb : AviKUv evcvi, Avgiv wKsev Avwg hLb Kvb jLvq AvUK hvB
gvb hw` VK hvB ZLb hw` iex`bv_i GKUv M wKsev ce cwo ZLb wK Zv
Lye mvnvh Ki|
gn`x nvmvb : AbKB iex`bv_K fMevbi Avmb ewmqQb, Avevi Zuvi
wb`yKiI Afve bB| iex`bv_K Avcwb Kxfve `Lb ?

RyjwdKvi gwZb : G cki Di Avwg AvMI wKQyUv w`qwQ| iex`bv_ GKRb

gvbyl ZvB Zuvi wKQy mxgveZv _K _vKe, Avi mB mxgveZvK eo Ki Zzjevi
Kvb `iKvi bB, KvRB iex`bv_K Ah_v fw KiviI evcvi bB, wb`v KiviI
evcvi bB| Avgiv Zuvi iPbvmviK KvR jvMvZ cviwQ wK-bv mBUvB eo K_v|
gywnZ nvmvb : Avwg Avcbvi GKwU ce cowQjvg, euvPeb wZwb euvPveb GB
wkivbvg| Avgvi ck nQ Dwb wK Av` cvieb euvPvZ gvb AviI `ywZb cRb ci ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : H h ejjvg, ZuvK cvVi ga w`q `Lvi Rb| Avgiv hw`
ZuvK cvV Kwi Zvnj wZwb Avgv`i euvPveb| GUv wbfi KiQ Avgv`i Ici| wZwb
Zv Zuvi mw Avgv`i KvQ iLB MQb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : kvkwZKxi cvq mejv msLv Avcwb `LQb| Avgv`i
GB welqwfwK KvR KivK Avcwb Kxfve `LQb?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : Avwg memgq ewj, AbKvb KvR bv Ki Zvgiv cwKv ei
KiQv GUvi GKUv cwRwUf w`K Zv AvQB| Avi wjUj gvMvwRbjv hviv KiQ
Zv`i AbK K KiZ nq| Avi nuv, cuvP wgkwj msLv bv Ki h Kvb GKUv
welqK eQ wbq Zvgiv h KvR KiQv GUvi GKUv vqx g~j AekB AvQ ej
Avwg gb Kwi|
kvkwZKx : mvi, Avgv`iK Avcbvi g~jevb mgq `Iqvi Rb AmsL
abev`| Avcwb `xN Kggq I my Rxebi AwaKvix nvb|
RyjwdKvi gwZb : Zvgv`iKI abev` I kvkwZKxi Rb fKvgbv iBj|

kvkwZKx-59

kvkwZKx-60

ek Kjei cKvwkZ nZ hvQ

agwb
agwbi Mvwj welqK msLv| GQvovI cvIqv hvQ agwbi wcq eB
msLv| hvMvhvM : Avyj gvbvb ^cb, mv`K agwb, wKkviM|
01710675569, [email protected]

MK_v
M I M welqK mvwnZKvMR MK_vi K_vmvwnwZK nvmvb AvwRRyj
nK msLv| GQvovI cvIqv hvQ MK_vi wZxq msLv|
hvMvhvM : P`b Avbvqvi, mv`K MK_v, ivRkvnx| 01716195717
[email protected]

Aven
Aveni K_vmvwnwZK RvwKi ZvjyK`vi msLv|
hvMvhvM : bvRgyj nvmvb, mv`K Aven, bvUvi| 1719132361

ce (62-107)

Ave`yi iDd Payix

wPi-b~Zbi w`jv WvK, cuwPk ekvL

[jLK, `vkwbK I wPvwe` Ave`yi iDd Payixi Rb 1929 mvj nweM Rjvq| wZwb Zuvi
Dcbvm, QvUM, KweZv, ce, gYKvwnbx I AvZRewbK iPbvi ga w`q evsjv mvwnZ
`xNw`b euP _vKeb| 1996 mvj Yx jLK I wPvwe` Ave`yi iDd Payixi `nemvb
NU| Zuvi AcKvwkZ wPi-b~Zbi w`jv WvK, cuwPk ekvL cewUi GKwU Ask
kvkwZKxi eZgvb msLvq cKvwkZ njv|]

m~Pbv
iex`bv_ VvKzi cuwPk ekvL 1268 evsjvq RbMnY KiwQjb ej evK mgv
KiZ gb Pvq bv, eis fveZ fvjv jvM G-w`b evievi Avm mvbvi evsjvi
kvgj Muvq, icvjx-MvOi Rj, evj-fiv Wvji Qvq, weni kv ^i,
iRbxMvi M, KvwKj-WvKv AvgKvbb| Kwei fvlvq,
Rbw`b Avm evi evi/ gb Kivevi/ G Rxeb wbZB b~Zb/ cwZ cvZ AvjvwKZ/
cyjwKZ/w`bi gZb [...]|1

evsjvmvwnZ iex`bv_i KvjvxY wekvj Aevb| wZwb Zuvi mwkxjZvq `k I

Kvji DiY NwUq wekevi Acsk PZbvi ga GK mvejxj wb`kb
cw_ZKiYi mveRbxb Avv ARb KiQb, h-KviY iex`mw wb`kb GLb ch
Rxeb I cKw Zi AgvN mwjb fveB kKvZi| Zuvi mwwb`kbi cwiwa
evcK| Rxeb I cKw Zi ga Kvji AvwefyZ cwieZbxq avivmgybq b-PZbvq
GKw`K iex`bv_ hgb nZ ciQb RvMwZKfve ecweK, Abw`K
gbbewki wbpZ weklY wejxb nIqvi wbivfiY hvMZv ARb KiQb
AZxw`qZvev`x cvavivq, G-KviYB iex`bv_K wPib~Zb avivcevn Dcjw Kiv
hvq evsjvi mewKQyZ| evsjvi mewKQyZ iex`bv_i mvbvi cik jMB AvQ, ZvB
ejv Pj wZwb evsjvi me weivRgvb; wZwb RvMwZK RxebcKwZ-DwiZ mvcyil;
wZwb gbbewki gvbmcKw Z-DwiZ cvcyil| Zuvi KvQ eKzi PqI Kvg
nq IV evsjvi b`x, gvwU, KxU, gvbyl, cjxevsjv, GKZviv Gmei gaB ZuvK
LuyR cvIqv hvq; cvIqv hvq Zuvi mviv Rxebi mv_K mwwb`kb, hv bvbvfve mg
PZbvq F KiQ `k-Kvj cwiq wekMwi bvbv AvqvRb| evsjvi b`x, gvwU,
KxU, gvbyl, cjxevsjv, GKZviv Kxfve iex`mwwb`kb dzU DVQ Zv msw
AvKvi Zzj aivi evmbvq G z` cewU wjLevi Pv KiwQ|
GKZviv
Avgvi QywU AvmQ KvQ mKj QywUi kl/ Qwe GKUv RvMQ gb QywUi gnv`k/ AvKvk
AvQ
m_vq, GKUv myii aviv/ Amxg bxieZvi Kvb evRvQ GKZviv|2

1
2

kvkwZKx-61

zwz j, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

muRwy Z, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

kvkwZKx-62

iex`bv_ exq evDjZ-Gi evemZwU Dcjw Ki AenwjZ cjxRxebi

mxgve wbii evDjK GKwU wekl ghv`vq cwZwZ KiQb| evDji GKZviv
ZuvK gy KiwQj ejBZv wZwb Zuvi weLvZ Mviv Dcbvm, webq Pwii gvag,
Zuvi gbi BQvc~iYi Rb evDjK WK Gb AwPb cvwLi MvbwU bwQjb|
bexb eqm iex`bv_ AwPb cvwLi MvbwU bwQjb evDji GKZvivq|
iex`bv_ c_g Rxeb _KB evDj mxZi fve I fvlvi cwZ Mfxifve
Dvg-Djvm AbyiwYZ nqQb, hv Zuvi Rxebevcx Dby gbvgMR, PZbvq my`p
cfve djQ| evDji Mvb b fvlvi mijZvq, fvei MfxiZvq, myii AveM
iex`bv_ AvcyZ nqQb, ZvB wZwb wekvm KiQb evOvwji fve I evOvwji fvlv
Avq KiZ nj evOvwj hLvb `qi K_v ej mLvb Abymvb KiZ ne,
GZ [...] hgb vbi Z Zgwb KveiPbv, Zgwb fwi im wgkQ|3 RvwZgq
bvoxi AvKlY, gvbyli mg zavZv, mg ARbeRb, RMZi inmvMvii
gakw, gnvmgy`i wevb, mg Avb`, mZic GmeB LyuR cqQb evDji
gvS iex`bv_| Ggb Kvbv Kvbv Kwei K_v bv wMqvQ, huvnviv Rxebi cvi
fvM cii AbyKiY Kwiqv wjwLZ Avi KwiqvQb [...] AbK fvjv fvjv KweZv
wjwLqvQb, wK mwj wbj gb nq hb Zvnv Kvbv GKUv euvav ivwMYxi Mvb,
wg jvwMZQ, wK b~Zb VwKZQ bv| Aekl GBic wjwLZ wjwLZ, Pvwiw`K
nvZovBZ nvZovBZ, mnmv wbRi hLvb ggvb, mBLvbwU Avwevi Kwiqv
djb| Avi Zuvnvi webvk bvB| Gevi wZwb h Mvb Mvwnjb Zvnv wbqvB Avgiv
Kwnjvg, evt, G Kx kywbjvg! G K Mvwnj! G Kx ivwMYx!4
iex`bv_ DQvm, Dj nq DVQb DcwZ evDjmxZi ^xKiY-wkniY|
Mvgevsjvi Rxeb cwicywiB DcKiY RywMq ewPi h Acwigq Hkh I
imm`hi wevi nqQ Zvi wbcyY mv_K icB nQ evDji GKZviv
evDjmxZ; iex`bv_ wbRi mxZi Gi myiQ` cqvM KiQb| iex`bv_
wekvm KiQb h, evDjmxZi imB evOvwj RvwZi Rxeb b~Zbi Avnvb, hv
Rivi AvgY _K my Ki Zzj gvbeK, hvM vcb Ki `q gvbeK mvi
m, KviY imm`hB gvbewP AvavwZK c~YZvq weKvwkZ nq5| fviZelxq
ivMmxZ I cvvZmxZi cfve KvwUq iex`bv_ ciYvi Drm LyuR cqQb
evsjv`ki cvYK` evDji GKZvivq evDjmxZ| hw`I GKw`b Avgv`i
mxZ ivRmfvq, mgvUmfvq cvlcyi gZv Av`i evowQj, wK GLb mme mfv
Avi bB, miKg nIqvi AeKvkI bB, ZvB mxZi mB hZ-Av`i, mB cyZv
Pj MQ, wK evDjmxZi gvi KLbI nIqvi bB; KviY G-mxZ h-im
jvwjZ m-aviv AvRxebB Pje| g~jK_v cvYi m hvM bv _vwKj eov wkI
wUwKZ cvi bv|6

evOvwji mxZ evDjmxZ iex`bv_i fveceY `qK AvcZ

y KiQ, h
fvei fvlv Abyev` Kiv Ame, m Avi hvB nvK Zv evOvwji `qRvZ, evsjv Qvov
Avi Kv_vq GK Lyu R cvIqv hvq bv; msZ
, BsiwR fvlv hZB Zvjcvo Kiv nvK
bv Kb Gi mvb ay evOvwji `qB wgj| b`xgvZK evsjv`ki cvY cvY
hgb QvU-eov b`x-bvjv mvZi Rvj wewQq w`qQ, Zgwb eqwQj Mvbi mvZ
bvbv avivq| evOvwji `q m imi `Z KiQ bvbv ic ai| hvv, cuvPvwj,
K_KZv, Kwei Mvb, KxZb gyLwiZ Ki iLwQj mg `kK|7 iex`bv_ ^xKvi
KiQb h, mxZi GZ ewP Avi-KvbI `k AvQ wKbv Zv wZwb Rvbb bv|8
evDji cwZ AvKlY h ay Zuvi Dcbvm cfve wevi KiQ Zv bq,
mPZbfve evDji mxZi g~jvqb cqvmI Zuvi ce `Lv hvq| mxZ m^
bvbv wPvfvebv iex`bv_i mwKg weaZ njI 1881 wLv wZwb msMxZ I
fve bvg GKwU ce iPbv Ki ejQb, [...] emgvR GKUv Av`vjb DcwZ
nBqvQ, GgbwK, m Av`vjbi GK-GKUv Zi qyivci DcKj wMqv cuQvBZQ| GLb
nvRvi Pv Kiv-bv, nvRvi Kvjvnj Kiv-bv Kb, G Zi iva Ki Kvnvi mva! GB b~Zb
Av`vjbi m m Avgv`i `k msMxZi be Afy`q nBqvQ|9

evDjmxZi mvb KiZB eva nq iex`bv_, gvMj Avgjxq mxZPPvi

Aemvbi ci wewUki AvMgb bvMwiK Ges bMi cfvweZ mgvR mxZi h b~Zb
ewk `Lv `q ZvK ^vMZ RvwbqQb| wZwb mxZK Rxe Kivi Rb Avnvb
KiQb, Avgv`i msMxZwe`vjq myi-Afvm I ivMivwMYx-wkvi kwY AvQ, mLvb
ivMivwMbYxi fve-wkviI kwY vwcZ nDK| [...] Avgv`i msMxZ hLb Rxe wQj, ZLb
fvei cwZ hic gbvhvM `Iqv nBZ mic gbvhvM Avi Kvbv `ki msMxZ `Iqv
nq wKbv m`n| Avgv`i `k hLb wewfb FZz I wewfb mgqi mwnZ wgjvBqv wewfb
ivMivwMYx iPbv Kiv nBZ, hLb Avgv`i ivMivwMYxi wewfb fveeK wP ch wQj, ZLb
B eySv hvBZQ h, Avgv`i `k ivMivwMYx fvei mevZB wbhy wQj| m w`b
wMqvQ| wK Avevi wK Avwme bv!10

iex`bv_ 1288 ev msMxZi Drcw Ges DchvwMZvi welq GKwU ce

wjLQb, hv nvfvU vii w` AwiwRb Gv dvbK&kb Ad wgIwRK-Gi
AbKUzKz AbymiY, GZ ejQb, Avgv`i gbvfve MvpZg ZxeZg ic cKvk Kwievi
Dcvq-^ic msMxZi ^vfvweK Drcw| h Dcvq fve mevrKic cKvk Kwi, mB
DcvqB Avgiv fve mevrKic Abi gb wbwe Kwiqv w`Z cvwi| AZGe msMxZ wbRi
DRbv-cKvki Dcvq I ciK DwRZ Kwievi Dcvq|11 [...] AvcvZZ gb nq hb
msMxZ wbqv h AeewnZ myL nq, ZvnvB mvab Kiv msMxZi Kvh| wK mPivPi `Lv hvq,
hvnvZ Avgiv AeewnZ myL cvB ZvnvB Zvnvi Pig dj bn| Avnvi Kwij zav-wbewi myL
nq wK Zvnvi Pig dj kixi-cvlY, gvZv mni ekeZx nBqv AvZmyLmvabi Rb hvnv
Kib ZvnvZ mvbi gjmvab nq, hki myL cvBevi Rb Avgiv hvnv Kwi ZvnvZ
mgvRi bvbv Kvh mb nq BZvw`| msMxZ wK Kej Avgv`gvB nq? AjwZ Kvbv
7

evDj-Mvb, msMxZwPv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

4
evDji Mvb, mgvjvPbv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
5
AwffvlY, msMxZmsN, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
6
msMxZi gyw, msMxZwPv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

kvkwZKx-63

wkv I msw ZZ msMxZi vb, msMxZwPv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

wkv I msw ZZ msMxZi vb, msMxZwPv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
9
msMxZ I fve, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
10
msMxZ I fve, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
11
msMxZi Drcw I DchvwMZv, msMxZ, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
8

kvkwZKx-64

Dk mvwaZ nq bv?12 [...] msMxZ Kej wPwebv`bi DcKiY bq; Zv Avgv`i gb myi
eua `q, RxebK GKUv Afvebxq m`h `vb Ki|13

wekfviZx 1966 wLv iex`bv_i mxZ-fvebvi welq GKwU ceM

cKvk Ki, G-M mxZ mK iex`bv_i ewMZ AbyfwZi K_vB me cKvk
cqQ| evsjv`ki mswZZ mxZi vb mK iex`bv_ mPZb wQjb ejB
evDj mswZi avivwjK wZwb mhZ aviY KiQb Zuvi mxZ| AZGe ejv hvq
h, iex`bv_K hviv ejb cvvZi fveaviv wbq mewKQy mw KiQb Zviv GKwU
fzj aviYv wbq emevm KiQb| eve wZwb wbRi Rbfwgi gvwUZ `pfve kKo
Muo, mgM RvwZi GKwU `xNw`bi HwZni AvjvnvIqvq Mo IVv mxZi
AvIZvq mw KiQb Zuvi ^Kxq mxZ RMrwUK| iex`bv_ mxZi
bvoxeuvav evDjmxZi mvb KiZ wMq A^lY-Abycek KiQb hgwb
Rq`ei MxZMvwe`-G Zgwb Ziv kZKi Px`vm, we`vcwZ, Kexi,
Zzjmx`vm, gxivevC cgyLi mw RMZ|
iex`bv_ Qjejvq GKevi Zuvi wcZvi m evU Ki MvgY wMq Zuvi
wcZvi eBwji ga GKwU LyeB cyibv, evsjv Ai Qvcv, dvU DBwjqvg _K
cKvwkZ MxZMvwe`-Gi mvb cvb| Q` Abymvi Zvi c`i fvM wQj bv, M`i
gZ GK jvBbi m Avi-GK jvBb AweQ` RwoZ wQj| iex`bv_ ZLb msZ
RvbZb bv, wK evsjv fvjv RvbZb ejB AbKwj ki A_ eySZ ciQb|
GB MxZMvwe`wU KZevi h cowQjb Zv wZwb wbRB ejZ cvibwb| Rq`e
Kx ejZ PqQb Zv iex`bv_ eySZ bv-cvijI, Gi Q` I K_vq Zuvi gbi
ga hv Muv_v nq Zv iex`bv_i c Amvgvb wQj|14
Px`vm I we`vcwZ m^ AlY KiZ wMq iex`bv_ hv RvbZ ciQb
m-m^ wZwb ejQb, wbRi cvYi ga, cii cvYi ga I cKwZi cvYi ga
cek Kwievi gZvKB ej KweZ| [...] whwb cvYi ga cek Kwiqv Kwe nBqvQb wZwb
mnR K_vi Kwe, mnR fvei Kwe| [...] AZGe mnR fvlvi, mnR fvei, mnR KweZv
jLvB k, KviY ZvnvZ cvYi ga cek Kwiqv `wLZ nq| mKji cvYi gaB h
ew AvwZ_ cvq dzj ejv, gN ejv, `ytLx ejv, myLx ejv, mKji cvYi gaB hvnvi
Avmb AvQ, mB Zvnv cvi| [...] Avgv`i Px`vm mnR fvlvi mnR fvei Kwe, GB Y
wZwb exq cvPxb Kwe`i ga cavb Kwe| wZwb h-mKj KweZv jLb bvB ZvnviB Rb
Kwe| wZwb GK Q jLb I `k Q cvVK`i w`qv wjLvBqv jb| [...] we`vcwZ myLi Kwe,
Px`vm `ytLi Kwe| we`vcwZ wein KvZi nBqv cob, Px`vmi wgjbI myL bvB|
we`vcwZ fvM Kwievi Kwe, Px`vm mn Kwievi Kwe! Px`vm myLi ga `ytL I `ytLi
ga myL `wLZ cvBqvQb| Zuvnvi myLi gaI fq Ges `ytLi cwZI AbyivM| we`vcwZ
Kej Rvbb h wgjb myL I wein `ytL, wK Px`vmi `q Aviv Mfxi, wZwb Dnv
Acv Aviv AwaK Rvbb|15

lvj kZKi m~Pbvq kxPZbi Avwefvei m KxZbvi Mvbi mgw nq,

mRb kxPZbK G-aviviB cwZwbwa ejv hvq, KviY hvnv`i eov cvY Zvnviv ewk
w`b wbRi ga e nBqv _vwKZ cvi bv, RMZ ev nBZ Pvq| PZb`e Bnvi
cgvY|16 AvVviv kZKi Kvjx-DcvmK ivgcmv`i Mvb I wewfb fRbi ga
cvIqv hvq evDj HwZni mvb I evDj mvabvi g~jgwU| evDjmxZ evsjv`ki
cvPxb jvK I agxq mxZi GKwU wekl aviv, gycyil jvjbI Zv GB wekl avivi
GKRb| gycyil jvjbi gy`w-wPv-PZbv iex`bv_ Abymvb KiQb, KiQb
ejB Zuvi mwZ AvZwi evDj fvewUK Luy R cvIqv hvq, hLvb wZwb gycyil
jvjbi mvgwMK gy`w-wPv-PZbvq GK I Awfb fvei mgvivn NwUqQb, hv
GKeviB GKwU wbw` Aj-Mvx-Mvi bZvwK ewki exq evDjZ, Avi
hv Moxq eeZ I cvimi mydxZ _K c_K|
1891 _K 1901 wLv ch iex`bv_ wQjb wkjvB`n, ZLb evDj`i
m Zuvi memgq `Lvmvvr I Avjvc AvjvPbv nZ|17 Nvi ci Nv| Zviv
Mixe| cvlvK-cwiQ` bB| `Lj evSevi Rv bB Zviv KZ gnr| wK KZ
Mfxi welq KZ mnRfve Zviv ejZ cviZ|18 evsjv`ki evDjmxZB
iex`bv_K mevcv Av`vwjZ KiQ| iex`bv_ [...] GK`j cwgK mvaK`i
m cjb wkjvB`ni cjx Aj| hviv AvRK evsjv`k evDj bvg weLvZ|
Giv GKUv wekl m`vq| msLvi w`K _K G m`vqi AwZ mvgvbB ZLbv
ch eZgvb| GZ wn`yI wQj, gymjgvbI wQj| Zey ag Giv bv wn`y bv gymjgvb|
G`i AavZ Rxeb Mo DVjv GB `yB agi mvgmi ga w`q| Giv cgi
mvaK| ARvbv APbv Kvqvnxb wekl GK cgi eK fvjemB G`i Avb`|19
wkjvB`n hvIqv-Avmvi c_ Ges cieZxKvj Rwg`vixi `vwqZ cvjbi mgq wZwb
j KiQb h, PhvMxwZ _K i Ki GKwU wbw` aviv eq PjQ evOvwji
mxZwPvq| GZ w`b wZwb cii euvwk avi Kwiqv wbRi Mvb MvBZb, ZvnvZ Zuvnvi
cvYi mKj myi KzjvBZ bv| wZwb fvweqv cvBZb bv hvnv evRvBZ Pvwn Zvnv evR bv
Kb! mUv h euvwki `vl! evKzj nBqv Pvwiw`K LyuwRZ LyuwRZ mnmv `wLjb Zuvnvi cvYi
gaB GKUv ev` AvQ| evRvBZ wMqv Djvm bvwPqv DwVjb; Kwnjb, G Kx nBj|
Avgvi Mvb cii Mvbi gZv kvbvq bv Kb? GZ w`b ci Avgvi cvYi mKj myiwj
evwRqv DwVj Kx Kwiqv? Avwg h K_v ewje gb Kwi mB K_vB gyL w`qv evwni nBZQ!20

evOvwji wbR^ avbaviYvi m Lye mnRfveB wgk AvQ mydx, MRj cfwZ
cviwm mxZi cfve| iex`bv_i cviwm m~dxmxZ aviYv Aek Rbjvf KiQ
Zuvi wcZvi mvwba Gm, Zuvi wcZv cviwm mvwnZi AbyivMx cvVK wQjb, nvwdR I
Igi Lqvg cgyL Kwe`i iPbvejx wQj Zuvi wbZw`bi mx; ZvB wbtm`n ejv
hvq h, cviwm mvwnZ Ges mxZ mK iex`bv_i h AbyivM mw nq Zvi KviY
Zuvi wcZcf
ve| wZwb cviwm mydxmvwnZ Ges mydxmxZi GKwU my cwiPq jvf
16

12

msMxZi Drcw I DchvwMZv, msMxZ, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

13
AwffvlY (msMxZmsN), msMxZwPv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
14
RxebwZ, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
15
Pw`vm I we`vcwZ, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

kvkwZKx-65

evDji Mvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

evDj-Mvb, msMxZwPv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
18
iex`mxZwewPv, kvw`e Nvl|
19
iex`mxZwewPv, kvw`e Nvl|
20
evDji Mvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
17

kvkwZKx-66

KiQb gahyMxq mvaK Kwe Kexii c`, ZvB Z iex`bv_ Ab~w`Z Kexii wKQy
Mvb evDivi (wnw`Z evDjK evDiv ejv nq _vK) AbyfwZi K_v kvbv hvq|
Kexi evDj gZv`kx wQjb| Kexi wQjb jvK bvg Kw_Z mvaviY gvbyli
cwZwbwa| Zuvi Mvb gvbeZvi h Dvab, iex`bv_ mwjK ^vMZ RvwbqQb|
evDji gbi gvbyl, m gbi gvbyl Ab me `e`exi gZv Kvb kwi
cZxK bb| wZwb gvbyli eve Rxebi fvjvg` wKQyB Kib bv| wZwb AvQb,
cwZwU gvbyli ga Mvcb| mB Mvcbevmx gbi gvbyli Lei cgi mvabvq
Zviv cvb| wK aiZ cvib bv|21 ZvB evDjmxZi fvlvq me`vB cKvk cqQ
mB Aievmx gvbylK Rvbv I bv Rvbvi Amxg e`bv| Rxeb`eZv I gbi
gvbyli ga HKi mvb cqB iex`bv_ evDj I Zv`i mvabvi cwZ Mfxifve
AvK nb|22 hKvbI mvwnZ Ggb Ac~eZv Avi cvIqv hvq ej iex`bv_ wekvm
Kib bv| AvbyvwbK agi ebgy evDji cwZ iex`bv_ AvK nq g nq
DVQb Zv`i Av`kK wbR^ Av`k wgwjq wbZ| Rxebi klcv cuQ
evDji AvZ`kb gvbe-mZ Avwevi KiZ wMqB wZwb wbRK evZ, gnxb,
RvwZnviv ej cwiPq Kwiq `b|
`LwQ GKZviv nvZ PjQ Mvbi aviv eq/ gbi gvbylK mvb Kievi/ Mfxi
wbRb c_|/ Avwg Kwe I`i `j/ Avwg evZ, Avwg gnxb|23
evDjmvaK`i gbi gvbyl evievi I bvbvfve Rxeb`eZv wnke cKvk cqQ
iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZ| gvbyli `eZv gvbyli gbi gvbyl; vb Kg fve h
cwigvYi mZ nB, mB cwigvYB mB gbi gvbylK cvB Ai weKvi NUj mB Avgvi
Avcb gbi gvbylK gbi ga `LZ cvBb| gvbyli hZ wKQz `yMwZ AvQ, mB Avcb
gbi gvbylK nvwiq, ZvK evBii DcKiY LyuRZ wMq, A_vr AvcbvKB ci Ki w`q|
AvcbvK ZLb UvKvq `wL, LvwZZ `wL, fvMi AvqvRb `wL| GB wbqB gvbyli hZ
weev`, hZ Kvbv| mB evwni wew Avcb-nviv gvbyli wejvc Mvb GKw`b bwQjvg, cw_K
wfLvixi gyL,/ Avwg Kv_vq cve Zvi,/ Avgvi gbi gvbyl hi|/ nvivq, mB gvbyl Zvi
Dk/ `k-we`k eovB Nyi|/ mB wbii Muvqi jvKi gyLB bwQjvg,/ ZviB
24
wfZi AZj mvMi|/ mB cvMjB MqwQj,/ gbi ga gbi gvbyl Kiv AlY|

iex`bv_i G-ee GKRb wbii evDji myMfxi AvZvcjwi cwiPq cKvk

cqQ| mRbB wZwb evDji evYxi mvb KiZ cqQb; cqQb KvbI GK
Avcb Rbi Afve `q h Mfxi e`bv mw nq Zvi mvb KiZ, hv wZwb e
KiQb Zuvi wewfb evDjvbi mxZ; evDj cfvei h_v_ZvB GLvb|
e`k AvavZev` mvaKRbi mwwb`kb AbK| g~jZ lvok kZvx _K
GB mwKg bvbvfve, bvbv bvg, bvbv AvLov-`ievi cPwjZ nq AvVviv kZK
Kzwqvi QDwoqvq Gm eUeic aviY KiQ| gycyil jvjb Zuvi mvabvi ic-imM meB gvbe Rxebi AvwgZ asmcKiYi mvnPh wnme GK AmvaviY mwKg
Dcnvi w`qQb, hv weMZ AvovB kZK ai GLb ch gvbylK bvov `q| gycyil

jvjbi c~e evDjmxZi AwZ, msMn Ges msKjb evOvwj mgvR _vKjI
gycyil jvjb I Zuvi mgKvjxb evDj`i iwPZ MvbKB evDjmxZi cvPxb aviv
ej aviYv Kiv nq| exq evDjZ-Gi AbZg cevB wQjb gycyil jvjb| Zuvi
gZev`i m Abvb z` aggZi AbKvsk wgj Ges mvRyh _vKjI jvKag
mxZB mvabvi Abylx| fveyK jvK gvB Abyfe KwiqvQb h, Avgiv gvS gvS
GK cKvi welY myLi fve DcfvM Kwi, Zvnv Kvgj welv`, AcLi myL| Zvnv Avi
wKQyB bq, mxgv nBZ Amxgi cwZ bcvZ gv|25
AvaywbK gvbylI gycyil jvjbi Mvb AvcZ
y nq, Ze Gi PqI ewk AvcZ
y
nqQb Dwbk kZK wecyj wPvq gM iex`bv_| jvjbi h-MvbwU c_g
iex`bv_K AvK KiwQj mwU nQ, LuvPvi wfZi AwPb cvwL/ Kgb Avm hvq/
Zvi aiZ cvij gbeox/ w`Zvg cvwLi cvq [...]|26 myKgz vi mb Zuvi GK ce
ejQb, evDj Mvbi GB c`wU KwewP `xvexR ecb KwiqvwQj [...]| Avi
kwkf~lY `vk wjLQb, jvjb dwKii LuvPvi wfZi AwPb cvwL Kgb Avm
hvq GB wRvmvi mwnZ iex`bv_i Rxeb-wRvmvi Mfxi wgj wQj [...]| iex`bv_
wbRB jvjbi AwPb cvwL m^ wjLQb, gvS gvS e LuvPvi ga Avwmqv
AwPb cvwL ebnxb APbvi K_v ewjqv hvq; gb ZvnvK wPib Kwiqv awiqv ivwLZ
Pvq, wK cvi bv| GB AwPb cvwLi hvIqv-Avmvi Lei Mvbi myi Qvov Avi K w`Z
cvi|27 iex`bv_ AwPb cvwLi MvbwUi DjL Ki I Gi m wZwb BsiwR Kwe
kjxi KweZvi Zzjbv Ki ejQb, [...] That this unknown is the profoudest reality,
though difficult of comprehension, is equally admitted by the English poet as by the
nameless village singer of Bengal, in whose music vibrate the wing-beats of the unknown
bird, only Shelleys utterance is for the cultural few, while the Baul Song is for the tillers of
the soil, for the simple folk of our village households, who are never bored by its mystic
transcendentalism [...] .28 evDjmxZi cwZ iex`bv_i AbyivM Zuvi AbK

mwwb`kb cKvk cqQ| wZwb Zuvi AbK mxZ evDji myi MnY KiQb Ges
ivMivwMbxi m wZwb vZ ev AvZmvi evDjmxZi myii wgj NwUqQb| G
_K evSv hvq, evDji myi I evYx KvbI GK mgq Zuvi gbi ga mnR wgk
wMqQ|29 gygvbyl jvjbi AivZvq evm Kiv mymsnZ evDjZ I `kb
iex`bv_i Rxeb`kbK Mfxifve cfvweZ KiQ, Ges jvjbmxZi AwfQvqv
Zuvi mwwb`kb my Qvc djQ| GKgyVv D`vniY,
1. gycyil jvjb ejQb, Avgvi Nii Pvwe cii nvZ|/ Kgb Lywjq m
ab `Lev PZ| Avi wekKwe iex`bv_ ejQb, fO gvi Nii Pvwe
wbq hvwe/ K Avgvi I ez Avgvi/ bv cq Zvgvi `Lv, GKv GKv/ w`b
h Avgvi KvU bv i| iex`bv_i MvbwU jvjbi Mvbi AbKUvB cywic~iK

25

eMZ I fveMZ KweZv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

Mvb m^ ce, RxebwZ, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
27
Mvb m^ ce, RxebwZ, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

21

26

iex`mxZwewPv, kvw`e Nvl|

22
iex`mxZwewPv, kvw`e Nvl|
23
ccyU, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
24
evDji Mvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

28

29

kvkwZKx-67

The Philosophy of Our People, 1925.

iex` iPbvejx|

kvkwZKx-68

ej mxZvwfRb gb Kib| GLvb jvjbi `nNii gywPvwe Acii

nvZ, Avi Aciw`K iex`bv_ gyw`vZvK Avnvb KiQb mLvic|
2. gycyil jvjb ejQb, Avgvi G NiLvbvq K weivR Ki|/ Avwg Rbg-fi
GKw`b `Ljvg bv i|/ bo Po Ckvb KvY `LZ cvBb GB bqb/
nvZi KvQ hvi fei nvUevRvi/ Avwg aiZ Mj nvZ cvBb Zvi| Avi
wekKwe iex`bv_ ejQb, Avgvi wnqvi gvS jywKqwQj `LZ Avwg
cvBwb/ Zvgvq `LZ Avwg cvBwb|/ evwni-cvb PvL gjwQ, Avgvi `qcvb PvBwb| evDj mvabvi g~j welqwU nQ `nZvwK| Avcb `ni fZi
h cig cyili evm, ZuvK bv wPbj mvabv wmw nq bv|
3. gycyil jvjb ejQb, hvi Avcb Lei Avcbvi nq bv|/ GKevi Avcbvi
wPbZ cvij i/ hve AwPbvi Pbv| G-evYxi ggv_ wekKwe iex`bv_
wbRi ga AvZ Ki wjLQb, AvcbvK GB Rvbv Avgvi dzive bv|/
GB RvbviB m m Zvgvq Pbv| wbRK Pbvi gaB iqQ AwPb
gvbylK Pbvi cig cvw, A_vr cwZw`bi KghvMi gaB iqQ wbRK
Pbvi weivU iKg Pv| GB Pv hw` mPZbfve gvbeRxeb AbykxwjZ
nZ _vK ZvnjB GKRb gvbyl wnke m APbvi mvb cve|
4. gycyil jvjb ejQb, cvi Kiv n `qvjPuv` Avgvi [...]| Avi wekKwe
iex`bv_ ejQb, mgyL kvwcvivevi fvmvI ZiYx n KYavi [...]|
jvjbi Mvbi m hvi fveMZ AvwZK wgj LyeB wbKUeZx|
5. gycyil jvjb ejQb, Avgvi gbi gvbyliB mb wgjb ne KZw`b
[...]| Avi wekKwe iex`bv_ ejQb, Avwg ZviB LuyR eovB h iq gb
Avgvi [...]|
6. gycyil jvjb ejQb, H GK ARvbv gvbyl wdiQ `k `k [...]| Avi
wekKwe iex`bv_ ejQb, m h evwni njv Avwg Rvwb [...]|
7. gycyil jvjb ejQb, Avgvi wK ivLeb i PiY`vmx/ BZicbv Kvh
Avgvi Anwbwk [...]| Avi wekKwe iex`bv_ ejQb, Avwg Kej Zvgvi
`vmx/ Kgb Ki Avbev gyL Zvgvq fvjevwm [...]|
8. gycyil jvjb ejQb, Kvi ejev Avgvi gbi e`bv/ Ggb e_vi ew_Z
gj bv [...]| Avi wekKwe iex`bv_ ejQb, Avwg `qi K_v ewjZ
evKzj, avBjv bv Kn [...]|
9. gycyil jvjb ejQb, Kb KvQi gvbyl WvKQv kvi Ki/ AvwQm ZzB
hLvb, mI mLvb/ LuyR eovI Kvi [...]| Avi wekKwe iex`bv_
ejQb, Avgvi cvYi gvbyl AvQ cvY/ ZvB nwi Zvq mKjLvb [...]|
GiKg AbK D`vniY AvQ, hvZ wekl wekl c`, k, icK, cZxK, Dcgv,
wPK, fve I myi KLbI AvswkK Avevi KLbI ev civ Dcvq iex`bv_i
mwKg GKB HKZvb dzU DVQ| gycyil jvjbi gymv iex`gvbm
AbKfve m~iK nqQ, hv Dfqcyili evwaPZbvq Zv`i mwwb`kb Agi nq
AvQ gvbeRxebi mKj Mv-eY-agi gvbyli KvQ| gycyil jvjbi Avwefvei
ciciB Kvvj nwibv_ gRyg`vi I gxi gkviid nvmb ekwKQy evDjmxZ iPbv

KiQb| wezivg Pvcvavq, gbvgvnb emy, Avb`P` wg, CkiP` , AgZjvj

emy, Aq miKvi cgyLiv gycyil jvjb, cvMjv KvbvB, cvy kvn, `yy kvn cgy Li
evDjmxZ AbyKiY Mvb iPbv Kib| evDjmxZi gvag `xNKvji evOvwj
HwZni avivq eq PjQ gvbyli AvZcKvki KgwU| mg m`vq, meag,
RvwZeYi meiKg Mxi Ea evDjmvaKiv| Rxebaviv Zv`i m~Yi c c_K
MvbB Zuv`i me^, c_B Zuv`i Avkq, GKZvivB Zuv`i mx| Zuviv RxebKgi gaw`q Mq PjQb mygayi gvbyli AvZcKvki mB Mvbwj| Zuv`i GKgv Afxv
eyK Xj gvbyli cvYkii mvwba Abyfe Kiv, KviY Zuviv gvbeZvi Dbv`bvq gR
_vKb| mvgvwRK Rxebi Mw Qo G`i AbKB c_K Rb wbqQb Ni ej,
Avevi `bw`b Rxebi gaB KD KD Dcjw KiQb gvbecgK|
evDj vivB gcwieZb NUQ evDjmxZi| mij-gayi G-Mvbwj Mfxifve
AiK k Ki; Zv`i mvejxj Q`i RbB| Gi imB AeMvnb Ki iex`bv_
mw KiQb Zuvi evDjvbi mxZ, evDjmxZ _K cyw wbqB wZwb Gi Dci
Qvc djQb wbRi cej ewZi| iex`bv_ Qjejv _KB evDjmxZi cwZ
Zxe AbyivMx nq DVQb| eix`bv_ ZvBZv ejQb, [...] evDji myi h GKNi,
ivMivwMYx hZB PvL ivOvK m wKmi Kqvi Ki! GB myiwjK Kvbv
ivMKjxbi RvZi KvVvq djv hvq bv eU, Zey G`i RvwZi cwiPq m^ fyj
nq bv evSv hvq G Avgv`i `kiB myi, wejvwZ myi bq|30
exq evDjZ QvovI Moxq eeZ I cvimi mydxZ-Gi cfve
evsjvq KqK kZvx ai h-mxZ cywjvf KiQ, hv ewP AZzjbxq, hvK
mnR wPb bIqv hvq GKwU g~j myi _K, GKwU wekl cwiek _K, GKwU
wekl fve _K mmeB vb Ki wbqQ iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZ; GLvb
gywi c_i mvb wgj Aek GZ `vkwbKi hywZK bB gvbeK fvjvevmv,
fvjvevmv mg weke
v; GKBm wbRK gvbecg wbtkl wewjq `q|
KviY, h gi Zvi Avi giYi fq _vK bv| RMrK m fvjvevm, GBRb m
RMr nBqv hvq, m GKUv AwZ z` Avwg gv bn, h hgi fq Kwie m mg
wekPivPi| [...] dzjK wRvm Kiv bv Kb, M `vb Kwiqv Zvgvi jvf Kx? m
ewje, M bv w`qv Avgvi _vwKevi Rv bvB, ZvnvB Avgvi ag! GBRb M bv w`Z
cvwij Rxeb e_v gb nq| Zgwb cwgK ewje giYB Avgvi ag, bv gwiqv Avgvi
myL bvB|/ jvfx jvf MwYe cgv`,/ GKi Rb wK nq Avii gwiZ mva|/ evDj
Di Kwij/ hvi h ag mB cve mB Kg|/ cgi gg wK AcwgK cvq?31
Bw`qMvn cwieZbkxj G-h wek, G-h Rxeb GK mZvb`i Abyfw Zi viv
Dcjw KivB Z gyw| G-h Dcjw, GKB ej eyKfiv fvjvevmv wbq wbRK
wbtkl wewjq `Iqv, gvbeZvi LvwZi, mewKQzi Dci; Avi ZLbB wekvmvZxZ
g~Qbvq Ai fi IV D GK bevb`i k, cig cwgKi mxZi gvag,
KviY cgi Zvii ga Ab evi Zwor LjvBZ _vK, weke
vi Lei

kvkwZKx-69

kvkwZKx-70

30
31

msMxZi gyw, msMxZwPv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

evDji Mvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

wbwgli ga cvYi wfZi Avwmqv DcwZ nq| hvnvK Zzwg fvjvevmv Zvnvi KvQ
ewmqv _vKv, A`k cgi Zvi w`qv Zvnvi cvY nBZ Zvgvi cvY we`yr ewnZ
_vK, wbgl wbgl Zvnvi cvYi Lei Zvgvi cvY Avwmqv cuQvq| Zgwb hw`
RMZi cvYi mwnZ Zvgvi cvY cgi Zvi euvav _vK Zvnv nBj RMZi Nii
K_v mgB Zzwg wbZ cvI| cgi gwngv Ggb Kwiqv Avi K MvwnqvQ!32
iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZK evDjmxZi gZB kwYwebvm Kiv hvq|
hgb `bc`i I ceZc`i mxZ| c_g c`i mxZi Avmi evDjmvaKiv
mec_g Zvi i, gyikx`K wbe`b Ki mxZ cwiekb Ki _vKb; GiKg
iex`bv_I KiQb, hgb, Avgvi gv_v bZ Ki `vI n Zvgvi PiYayjvi Zj|/
mKj Anvi n Avgvi WyevI PvLi Rj|33
`bc`i ci Avm ceZc`i mxZ; ZLb evDjmvaKiv Zv`i mvabRxeb
gbi gvbyli A^lY Kivi welqwUZ iZ Avivc Ki _vKb| evDji Ggb
AvZZg~jK mxZwj iex`bv_K Mfxifve cvwYZ KiQ, ZvB wZwb Zuvi c~Rv,
cKwZ cei wKQz wKQz mxZ AavZPZbvi cKvk NwUqQb, hgb, Avwg Zvi
LuyR eovB h iq gb Avgvi gb|/ m AvQ ej/ Avgvi AvKvk Ryo dvU Zviv
ivZ,/ cvZ dzj dzU iq eb Avgvi eb|34
G-chvqi mxZ iex`bv_ evDj fvebvK cvavb w`qQb| GLvb wZwb
myiK KvbI ^Zfve `Lbwb| evDjmxZ wZwb evsjv Mvbi mwZKvi cwiPq
LyuR cqQb, ZvB Zv wZwb j KiQb G-mxZ fviZelxq ivMmxZi gZ
K_v ev` w`q Kejgv myii Dci wbfikxj bq, eis evYx I myii mwjb MwVZ|
evYx cwZwU evOvwji Aii Uvb; GB RbB fviZi ga GB c`kB evYxi mvabv
mePq ewk nqQ| wK GKv evYxi ga Zv gvbyli cKvki c~YZv nq bv
GRb evsjv`k mxZi ^Z cOw bq, evYxi cvkB Zvi Avmb| [...] wK
mxZ hyMjfve Mov c`i m wgjb nq ZeB Gi mv_KZv| c`vejxi gaB
hb Zvi ivmjxjv, ^vZ m mBZ cvie bv|35
evDjmxZ Q`ej| evDjmxZi cavb jB nQ K_vi Q`ve mnR
MwZ; KviY fvei AveM hLb evDjmvaKiv bP DVb ZLb h-Q`i Dbv`bv
mw nq, Avcbv _K, m-mnR Q`wUK j Ki wZwb mnR fvlv I myii m
mxZ cwiekb Ki _vKb| h ew wbRi fvlv Avwevi KwiZ cvwiqvQ, h
ew wbRi fvlvq wbR K_v KwnZ wkwLqvQ, Zvnvi Avb`i mxgv bvB| m K_v
Kwnqv Kx myLxB nq! Zvnvi GK-GKwU K_v Zvnvi GK-GKwU RxweZ mvb|36 K_v
wbZv mnR, wK myii hvM Gi A_ Ac~e RvwZZ Dj nq DVwQj| [...] GB
Mvbi fvlvq I myi wn`y-gymjgvbi K wgjQ, Kvivb cyivY SMov evawb| GB
wgjbB fviZi mfZvi mZ cwiPq, weev` weiva eeiZv| evsjv`ki Mvgi

Mfxi we DP mfZvi ciYv Bzj-KjRi AvMvPi Avcbv-Avcwb wKiKg KvR

Ki GmQ, wn`y-gymjgvbi Rb GK Avmb iPbvi Pv KiQ, GB evDj Mvb
ZviB cwiPq cvIqv hvq|37 evDjmxZ Qq-gvvi `v`&iv ev KLbI AvU-gvvi
Kvnviev RvZxq Q`i jY `Lv hvq| iex`bv_ Gme KviYB Zvji w`K _K
Zuvi evDjvbi mxZ b~Zb wKQy mw Kivi cqvRb eva KiQb| evDj Mvbi
myi Avgiv `wL `ywU fvM| mvaviY wbqg GB Mvbi hZ KwjB _vKzK bv Kb, myi
cv_K `Lv hvq Kej c_g Kwji m wZxq Kwji| cii Avi me Kwji myi
wZxq KwjK AbymiY Ki Pj, Ges c_g Kwj Qvov Abvb me Kwji Q`I
GK|38 iex`bv_i nvZ co evDjmxZi XO AcvKZ msKxY mxgv _K GB
fveB eo I wewP nq DVQ| Zuvi evDjvbi mxZi myi AvQ ac`i gZ
PviwU Ask Avqx, Aiv I mvixZ myii ewP I AvfvM wVK ac`i gZ A
ivK AbymiY Ki|39 AZGe GK_v wbtm`n ejv hvq h, iex`bv_i mxZwPv
GKv ewMZ Abyfw~ Zi viv cy| evDji mxZfvebv, Abykxjb Ges ZvwK
AvjvPbv iex`bv_K wbtm`n cfvweZ KiQ, wK mxZi icvqY Ges Zvi
KvVvgv Zwii iex`bv_i wbR^ avbaviYv cwizwUZ|
iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZi myi h Qvc iLQb Zv mnRB Ai cek
Ki, Ze evDj Z_v gycyil jvjb, cvy kvn cgy Li evDjmxZi myii m
iex`m evDjvbi mxZi myi AwgjUvB ewk| KvbI KvbI evYxZ
wgjb NUjI MvqbkjxZ wfbZv iqQ| evDjmxZi myiK KD KD D`vmx myi
ej wPwZ Ki _vKjI evDjmvaK`i GB D`vmx I AvZwbgMi fvewU
iex`bv_K cfvweZ KiQ cPiz , ZeyI `qi e_vK cKvk KiZ h-myi Avcb
_K RM IV Zv iex`m evDjvbi mxZi myi AbKUv AbycwZ| ZvB
myii b~Zb AvwK ev XO wPwZ nq iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZ| Zvj
Ges gvvqI AvQ cv_K| evDjmxZ `ywU XOqi cKvk j Kiv hvq : GKwU
AvLovkqx hLvb evDjmxZi myi AbKUv axi-jq AvZwbgM evDjmvaKi
K dzU IV, dj Zvj I gvvq kv b`xi GKwU Qwe dzU IV; Avi AbwU
RbmyLvkqx hLvb AvZwbgM evDjmvaKiv Pov myi, `Z Zvj-jq-gvvq I
bZi gvag evDjmxZ cwiekb Ki _vKb| evDji bvP Q`i ewP AvQ,
Avi m m ZvZI ewP A_vr Zvj diZv AvQ| GB wnme evDj Mvb ay
Kvb bevi bq, PvL `Levi e| evDji GKZviv, bZi fw, fvei DQvm,
meB mvgb _K `L b Ze eySZ nq|40 Ze AvLovkqx evDjmxZi myiB
iex`bv_ cfvweZ nqQb ej gb nq| RbmyLvkqx evDjmxZ I iex`bv_i
evDjvi mxZ G-wgj NUwb|
AwaKvsk iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZ mvwii myi Zuvi bemw; evDj`i
myii MVbcYvjxi m wgj iLB Gwj wZwb Zwi KiQb, hw`I ZuvK AbK

32

evDji Mvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

c~Rv, MxZweZvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
34
c~Rv, MxZweZvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
35
K_v I myi, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
36
evDji Mvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
33

37

evDj-Mvb, msMxZwPv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

iex`mxZ, kvw`e Nvl|
39
iex`mxZ, kvw`e Nvl|
40
iex`-mxZ, W. wcqeZ Payix|
38

kvkwZKx-71

kvkwZKx-72

mgq cvPxb ivMivwMYx ev KxZbi myii mvnvh wbZ nqQ, ZeyI evDjmxZi hv
ewk Zv nQ myi, GZI iex`bv_ ewP wbq GmQb| iex`bv_i evDjvbi
mxZ ivMivwMYx wgk MjI evDjmxZi myii m Zvi GKwU PgrKvi mvgm
`Lv hvq, hgb,
1. eR gvwYK w`q Muv_v Avlvp Zvgvi gvjv MvbwUi mvwiZ mvb wgj
`kivwMYxi icwU|
2. Avwg ZviB Rvwb Avgvq hRb Avcb Rvb MvbwUi mvwiZ vb cqQ
wcjy ivwMYxwU|
3. ivwOq w`q hvI hvI Mv Gevi hvevi AvM MvbwU iex`bv_i evDjvbi
mxZi GKwU DrK wb`kb| wcjy ivwMYxwUI GZ wgk AvQ, ZeyI ac`i
gZ PviwU fvM Gi myi MwVZ nqwb| ivwOq w`q hvI hvI Mv Gevi hvevi
AvM MvbwU Avi nq evDjmxZi myi, wK KvbI mywbw`fve ev weklfve
wef bq ej myihvRbvq KvbI weN NUwb| evDjmyi I wcjy ivwMYx GKi
m AbwU wgjwgk AvQ| Mvbi K_vq hLvb hfve myi emvbv cqvRb
wVK mfveB myiwj vb Ki wbqQ, A_vr Mvbi c_g Ask e`bvi cKvk,
myiwUI wVK mB e`bvi AbyKj; Avi kl Ask hLvb K_vi mvnvh GK
Dbv`bvi fve dzU IV mLvb myiwUI mB c_i cw_K|
ivMwfwK iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZi AviI KqKwU D`vniY,
1. ev`j evDj evRvqi GKZviv (Lv^vR ivM I mvwii Pvi gvvq Kvdv Zvj);
2. NiZ gi Gjv (Kvjsov ivM I evDji gvwK `Zjq);
3. euvav w`j euvae jovB (fiex ivM I evDji gvwK `Zjq) cfwZ|
GiKg AvKlYxq myi mwi ZvwM` iex`bv_ wewPiKg cixvwbixv KiQb,
KviY, imevai bvox hLb xY nq Avm Kkj ZLb KjvK Qvwoq hvq|
iex`bv_i vb wewP; wZwb Zuvi KvbI KvbI mxZ evDj mvabvi wKQy wKQy
cZxK k eenvi KiQb| evDji ic-^ic Z iex`bv_i ARvbv wQj bv,
ZvB wZwb ^xq Rxeb`kb cKvki cqvRb G ki cqvM NwUqQb; cKZ A_
iex`bv_ evDjB, ZvB Zuvi evDjvbi mxZ myii Acv evYx cvavb cqQ,
Aek G-Kzkjx cqvMi Rb Zuvi evDjvbi mxZ AbiKg gvvI cqQ;
Aek GI A^xKvi Kiv hvq bv h, Zuvi wKQy wKQy evDjvbi mxZ evDjfve
A; hgb, Avgvi K wbwe fvB, muwcZ PvB Avcbvi|/ Avgvi GB gb Mwjq
KvR fzwjq m Zv`i wbq hvi|41 iex`bv_ GLvb myii cwieZ fveKB
AwaK iZ w`qQb, wZwb myiK wbRi gZ KiB mvwRq wbqQb|
^qs iex`bv_ AbK RvqMvq gvbecg ev w`ecg G-`ywU welq KvbI
cv_K AuvKbwb, eis wZwb evSvZ PqQb h, gvbecgB Mfxi Hkxcgi Quvqv
jM gnvb-wbgj nZ cvi; ZeyI GK_v A^xKvi Kiv hvq bv h, Zuvi ^iwPZ
evDjvbi mxZ evOvwji `qK mePq ewk, wbweofve Qyuq hvq| iex`bv_i

41

evDjvbi mxZi AskB nQ wgk-evDj XO, cPwjZ Ges wbR^ XOi mvwi,
AvLihy Ges AvLinxb KxZb| GKgyVv D`vniY,
1.Kvb fxiK fq `Lvwe (wgk-evDj)| 2. Avwg ZviB Lyu R eovB (wgkevDj)| 3. Mvg Qvov H ivOv gvwUi c_ (mvwi)| 4. Gevi Zvi giv MvO (mvwi)|
5. Zvgvi Lvjv nvIqvq (wbR^ XOi mvwi)| 6. In Rxeb ejf (AvLihy
KxZb)| 7. gvS gvS Ze `Lv cvB (AvLihy KxZb)| 8. bv Pvwnj hvi cvIqv
hvq (AvLinxb KxZb)| 9. Avgwi bv ejv evYxi (AvLinxb KxZb)| 9. iv`b fiv
G em (AvLinxb KxZb); cfw Z|
evDj fvebvq AvcZ
y nq Ges fvwUqvjx I mvwi Mvbi myi eenvi Ki iex`bv_
ekwKQz mxZ mw KiQb, hgb wbZ Zvgvi h dzj dvU (fvwUqvjx); Avgvi
gb hLb RvMwj bvi (fvwUqvjx); Zvgvi Lvjv nvIqv (fvwUqvjx); Li evqy eq
eM (mvwi); Gevi Zvi giv MvO (mvwi); cfw Z| iex`bv_ evDjmxZi A
iic vivB cfvweZ nqQb, ewnivi m bq A_vr evDjmxZi hv ewk:
evDjmxZ cwiekb MvqK`i ^vaxbZv, iex`bv_ Zv MnY Kibwb, GRbB
iex`bv_i evDjvi mxZi RMrwU m~Yi c ^Z, wbR^ ewk Dj;
Avevi evDjmxZi gZB ewPnxb, GKNuqwg| evDjmxZ I iex`bv_i
evDjvi mxZ h Mfxi wgjwU j Kiv hvq Zv nQ Dfq kYxi mxZB
weini myiB cavb nq DVQ, G hb wein cg`bi wgjbRwbZ wein|
wekvj evsjv AvR RvwZZ I ag wef| wewQb evOvwj RvwZi AvR GB mePq eo
mgmv| evOvwjK G-Awfkvc _K gyw cZ nj exq evDjZ m^
wek`fve I ewjfve MelYv KiZ ne| Avi GiKg KiZ cvij evOvwj
HKe ne| evsjv`ki Mie ew Ki Zviv wekevmxi mvgb gnr GKwU `v
vcb KiZ mg ne| GKBm gb ivLZ ne h, evOvwji `ytL-`b, kvKmvbvq, wein-wgjb, we`vn-wece, wkvq-mvabvq, Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb
cPvq evOvwj Rxebi me evsjv gvqi miv mvb iex`bv_ Rwoq AvQb;
Qwoq AvQb evsjvi GKZvivZ; myZivs ZuvK weZ Kivi KvbI myhvM bB|
evOvwji cqvRbB ZuvK iY KiZ ne hZw`b evOvwj bvgi gvbylwj GB
cw_exZ HKefve euP _vKvi cqvRbxqZv Dcjw Kie|

MxZweZvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

kvkwZKx-73

kvkwZKx-74

gvt nvib-Ai-ikx`

iex`bv_i wkvwPv : wkvwPvq iex`bv_

1.0
zj-KjR coqv`i ckc cvqkB KviK-wefw wbYqi Rb GKwU ck _vK
zj cvwjq iex`bv_ nIqv hvq bv| wK zj I wkK Abxn iex`bv_ iex`bv_
nq DVwQjb zj cvwjqB| iex`bv_ wbRK wbRB AwfwnZ KiQb zjcvjvbv ej| G bvg Zuvi AvKvkc`xc Kve GKwU KweZv AvQ| m KweZvi
cviwK PiYwU GiKg :
gvvwi-kvmb-`yM wmuu`KvUv Qj/ Kvmi KZe dj/ Rvwb bv Kx Uvb/ QzwUZvg
A`ii DcwZ wbRb evMvb|
jYxq h, Zuvi Abyfe gvvwi GK aibi kvmb Ges zj nQM kvmbkvjvic
`~M Ges wZwb wbR wQjb m `~Mi wmuaKvUv `yi-`yevi Qj| Ab wZwb zjK
`~M _K Aviv bwgZ Ki hvwK Kj ej AvLvwqZ KiQb| Zuvi fvlvq :
Bzj ewjZ Avgiv hvnv eywS m GKUv wkv w`evi Kj| gvvi GB KviLvbvi GKUv Ask|
mvo `kUvi mgq Nv evRvBqv KviLvbv Lvj| Kj PwjZ Avi nq, gvviiI gyL PwjZ
_vK| PviUvi mgq KviLvbv e nq, gvvi-KjI ZLb gyL e Kib; Qviv `yB-Pvi cvZv
Kj QuvUv we`v jBqv evwo di| Zvici cixvi mgq GB we`vi hvPvB nBqv Zvnvi Dci
gvKv cwoqv hvq| GB KjQvUv we`v mK iex`bv_ ejb, Bnvi KviY, G
wkvcYvjx Kji cYvjx, BnvZ gb LvU bv, Qjiv ZvZv cvwL ewbqv hvq| [wkvmsvi,
fvvi, R 1313 (1906)|]

AvekK| welqUv Pvwcq `Iqvi bq MnYKvwgZvi| fvjvjvMvi Uvb I

Avb`gqZvi AvKlY AvK cvVKgvB hbv cKZ
wkvjvfi Rb AvMnx nq
IV wkvcYvjx GiKg nIqv PvB| Avi GKevi cvVKi AvMni cvj nvIqv
jvMj wkvi iKgdi h cKviB nvK cvVKi ZvZ AvZwbwgwZ NUe; cvVe
AvxKZ nq DVe| dj wkvi hv cKZ
Dk Zv ARb Ki cvVK AvjvwKZ
ewZ I kwg wkwZ gvbylic Mo DVe| Ges RvwZ jvf Kie `vwqZcivqY,
KZewb, mZwcq Rbkw|
wK iex`bv_i mgKvj Zv eUB Zuvi Rbi mvakZel ciI wkveevq G
`k I `k (fviZ) GLbI iq MQ MvovqMj`| Mj`Uv KxiKg m mK
GKUv aviYv bIqv hZ cvi gv GKwk eQi eqm wkjvB`n _K jvK`bv_
cvwjZi AvwZ_ ivRkvnxZ Avmv Ges ivRkvnx Gmvwmqkbi Abyiva (AMnvqY
1299, bf^i 1892, cKvk-mvabv, 1892, cKvkmvabv, cl 1299) wjwLZ
wkvi nidi ce DwjwLZ wbgv `vwU _K :
GKwU M AvQ, GKRb `wi` mg kxZKvj A A wfv mq Kwiqv hLb kxZe
wKwbZ mg nBZ ZLb Mx Avwmqv cwoZ, Avevi mg MxKvj Pv Kwiqv hLb jNye
jvf KwiZ ZLb AMnvqY gvmi gvSvgvwS, `eZv Zvnvi `b `wLqv `qv` nBqv ei w`Z
Pvwnjb, ZLb m Kwnj, Avwg Avi wKQz Pvwn bv, Avgvi GB nidi NyPvBqv `vI|
DZ Aski cieZx cvivq iex`bv_i Dcmsnvi G iKg, Avgv`i mB cv_bv|
Avgv`i nidi NywPjB Avgiv PwiZv_ nB| kxZi mwnZ kxZe, Mxi mwnZ Mxe, Kej
GK KwiZ cvwiZwQ bv ewjqvB Avgv`i GB `b; bwnj AvQ Avgv`i mKjB| GLb Avgiv
weavZvi wbKU GB ei Pvwn, Avgv`i zavi mwnZ Ab, kxZi mwnZ e, fvei mwnZ fvlv, wkvi
mwnZ Rxeb Kej GK Kwiqv `vI...| [wkv, wekfviZx, 1973, c:7 19|]

ck DVZ cvi, zj cvwjq, cPwjZ wkveevq Amw cKvk Ki GKRb `vnx

coqv iex`bv_ Kxfve cieZxKvj RvwZMVb DchvMx GKRb Abb weij wkvwe`
nq DVjb| Ges Zuvi m wkvwPv KvjvxY evweK mZfvebv ev `kb ic jvf
Kijv? G cki Di Dchy iex` Dwq Ges mywkwZ ewgvB ^wkwZ
K_vUvi ga LuyR cvIqv hve| iex`bv_ ^wkwZ wQjb Ges mywkwZI AekB|
A_vr gb LvUvbv wkvq wkwZ wQjb wZwb| G KviYB wZwb cvwZvwbK wkvi
Mj` gvMZ ^Abykxjb, Aavqb I cVb-cvVbi gvag Luy R ei KiZ mg nq
wkvbyivMx I wkvwPvwe` iex`bv_ cwiYZ nq DVZ ciwQjb| Ab K_vq,
^q~ Ckii gZv AvcbvZ Avcwb RvZ Z_v AvZwbwgZ wkv-Ckimg mgybwZ jvf
KiwQjb| iex`bv_ wekvm KiZb ZvZv cvwLi gZv AbeiZ Kvbv welq
AvIwoq AvIovbv i Kiv hvq, ndR& Kiv hvq wK ZvZ gbi ga welqMZ
A_i PvivMvQ MRvq bv Zvrch Abyaveb Kiv hvq bv| dj KvRi KvR wKQzB nq
bv| GiKg we`vRbKB iex`bv_ cePwbK fvlvq cKvk KiQb Gfve MMZ
we`v Avi cin ab/ bn we`v bn ab nj cqvRb|
wZwb Aviv Dcjw KiwQjb, Avb`i m hy bv nj Kvbv we`vB Zv
gvbewe`v, hwe`v-wevb, wPwKrmvwevb, bwevb, gbvwevb, f~Mvj-BwZnvm,
`kb, agZ hvB nvK bv Kb, Zv AvZKiYvchvMx nq IV bv| ZvB mecKvi
wkv I wkveevq Avb`gqZv, imgqZv, myLgqZvi mswkZv AwbevhfveB

G ce AvekK cvVi m wkv_xi ^vaxb cvVQvi mswkZv Awbevh gb KiQb

iex`bv_| bBj Zvi eywewK bvevjKZ NuvP bv Ges m AbKUv cwigvY evjK
_vwKqvB hvq| h wkv jvf Ki wkv_x AbKUv cwigvY evjK _vwKqvB hvq mB
wkvgvn _K Kb Avgiv gy nZ cvwi bv? Kb cvwi bv ZgmvQb fyji PvivMwj
_K ewiq Gm AvjvwKZ evei cvKv ivvq c`vcb KiZ? G cki DiI

kvkwZKx-75

kvkwZKx-76

cmZ Ze h, iex`bv_i wkvwPv welqK ce wkvi nidi-Gi cvZwK

ge GwU| g~j cewU mK ewgP` Pvcvavq GK c iex`bv_K
wjLwQjb, ...wkv m^xq cewU Avwg `yBevi cwoqvwQ| cwZ Q Avcbvi msM
Avgvi gZi HK AvQ| [cm K_v, wZb Lvwb c, mvabv 12991300,
c:44041|] ay ewgP` PvcvavqB bb, Rvwm i`vm e`vcvavq Ges
fviZxq ivsjvi Avb`vgvnb emyI iex`bv_i cev gZwjK c weklfve
mg_b Kib| [cv, iex`bv_i wkvwPv, c:70|] GLb ck nQ, wkvi
nidi ce iex`bv_i g~j ee Kx wQj? D ce iex`bv_i cviwK
ee wQj GiKg : hZUzKz AvekK Kej Zvnvi gaB Ave _vKv gvbe Rxebi ag
bn| Avgiv wKqrcwigvY AvekK kLj e nBqv _vwK Ges wKqrcwigvY ^vaxb|
Avgv`i `n mvo wZb nvZi ga Ave, wK ZvB ewjqv mB mvo wZb nvZ cwigvY Mn
wbgvY Kwij Pj bv| ^vaxb Pjvdivi Rb AbKLvwb vb ivLv AvekK, bZzev Avgv`i
^v Ges Avb`i evNvZ nq| wkv m^I GKB K_v LvU| [cv, c: 65|]

AvQ wkvi nidi ce| cvwi bv G KviY h, hbZb cKvi ^Zg mgq
wkv mgv Ki mvwUwdKU jvf Ges wewbgq PvKwi cvw; A_ DcvRb| G KviYB
Avgiv wkv AvxKiY I KvjcY AbvMnx| GKB KviY Qj`i nvZ Kvb
mLi eB `wLjB mUv ZrYvr wQwbqv jBZ nq| dj wkv_xiv wmjevm ewnf~Z
egyLx cvVvfvm Abf nq co Ges gvbyl wnme gbylZ ARb Zviv ewMZ I
RvwZMZfve eywewZ `yej-wbj I e_ nq; wkv AvxKiY kw ARb Kiv hvq
bv| ceKvii fvlvq Zvnvi dj nq GB h, nRg kwUv mKj w`K nBZB nvm
nBqv Avm|[cv] mw nq gvbwmK e`nRg Ges AvwZK cwicy nq enZ|
Avgv`i wkveevi G GK fqven wb`viY msKU| evwaI ejv hvq| Avi evwaB h
msvgK, ^v bq G K_v K bv Rvb! wK Avgiv eySZ PvBb h, wkv_x`i
^vaxbZv niY hbv Mi mB Z_vKw_Z meivM AvivMg Mvg nvZzo KweivRi
RbK PgivMM ivMxK c`q wb`ki gZv whwb Zuvi ivMxK ejwQjb,
kixi GB gjgUv `uvwoq gvLv hve bv, em gvLv hve bv, q gvLv hve bv, Ni
gvLv hve bv, evBi gvLv hve bv, AvjvZ gvLv hve bv, AKvi gvLv hve bv, w`b
gvLv hve bv, ivZ gvLv hve bv| KweivR gkvqi GZv me wewawbla kvbvi ci
wKsKZeweg~p nZfvM fyfvMx ivMx mweq RvbZ PvBjb, Zv nj Kx Kiv
hve? Gevi KweivR gkvqi mvRvmvdUv Reve Kx Zv KivB hve bv| Avgv`i
wkv eevq cKZ Mj` GLvbB| A_vr KweivR gkvqi Revei Kx Zv KivB hve
bv-Gi gZv wblavv Rvwi Ki coqv`i ^vaxb cvV _K wePyr Ki MuvovKji
AZj Mnei wbevwmZ Kiv|
iex`wkvwPv GKv GKUz Mfxifve Abyaveb Kij, ejZB nq, wkvi mv_
Avb`i mvxf~Z nIqvi AgZgqZvi Zvrch AvR Ae&wa Avgiv Dcjw KiZ cviwQ
bv ev KiwQ bv| evjKvj _K Avb`wegy wkvi m msjM _vKvi dj
vmsviKewjZ Avgiv AgZm cy nIqvi mfvM _K wbR`i wbRivB ewZ
Ki PjwQ eQii ci eQi-hyMi ci hyM| GB vwi eovRvj wQb Ki mZv^lyAvb`v^ly nZ bv cvij Awbevhfve ewMZ, mgwMZ I RvwZMZ `b`kvq
cwZZ nevi mvebv h mywbwZ Zv ejvi Acv ivL bv|

`ki AwaKvsk jvKi wkvi Dci hw` `ki DbwZi vqxZ wbfi Ki, Ze
gvZfvlv Qvov Avi Kvbv MwZ bvB, G K_v Kn bv eywSj nvj Qvwoqv w`Z nq|
[mvabv, P 1299 (1893)| gv lvjv eQi eqm iex`bv_ wkvi gvag wnme
gvZfvlvi cwZ h kv I iZ Avivc KiQb AvRxeb m wekvm _K wZwb
GKPzjI wePyr nbwb| gv, gvZfvlv, gvZfw~ g cii AweQ` I wbweo eb msnZ|
imsevnxPZbv cevn gvZfvlvi f~wgKv ay AbbB bq-weKnxbI eU| wPv kw
Ges Kbv kw Rxebhvv wbevni c `yBwU AZvekK kw m`n bvB| [ mvabv,
P 1299 (1893)] wK G `ywU kw ARb KiZ nj gvZfvlv wkv Riwi wfb
`wk fvlvq me bq| evjKvj nBZ hw` fvlv wkvi m m fve wkv nq Ges
fvei m mg Rxebhvv wbqwgZ nBZ _vK ZeB Avgv`i mg Rxebi ga
GKUv h_v_ mvgm vwcZ nBZ cvi, Avgiv ek mnR gvbyli gZv gvbyl nBZ
cvwi Ges mKj welq GKUv h_vhZ cwigvY aiZ cvwi| [cv, c:69|]
GBfve wbR wbR wPvkw, fvebvkw, Kbvkw KvR jvwMq AvwZK weKvk,
gvbwmK weKvk, `kcg-gvbecg, `vwqZ I KZeeva, mZwb-bvqwb I
JwPZeva DvwaZ nq IVvi bvg wkv| GiKg wkvq wkwZ nq DVZ bv
cvij Zvi cwiYwZ ne wbgv iex` Dwi gZv : hgb hgb cwoZwQ Agwb m
m fveZwQ bv Bnvi A_ GB h Z~c DuPy KwiZwQ wK m m wbgvY KwiZwQ
bv|...msMnhvM wRwbmUv hLwb nvZ Avm ZLwb Zvnvi eenviwU Rvbv, Zvnvi cKZ

cwiPqwU cvIqv, Rxebi m m Rxebi AvkqjwU Mwoqv ZvjvB ixwZgZ wkv| gvbyl
GKw`K evwoZQ, Avi Zvnvi we`v Avi GK w`K Rgv nBZQ; Lv` GK w`K fvviK
fvivv KwiZQ cvKh Avi GK w`K Avcbvi RviK im AvcbvK RxY Kwiqv
dwjZQ Avgv`i `k GB GK cKvi Af~Zc~e Kv PwjZQ| [cv, c: 67-68]

Kej hvnv wKQz wbZv AvekK ZvnvB K KwiZwQ| Zgb Kwiqv Kvb gZ KvR Pj
gv, wK weKvk nq bv| nvIqv LvBj cU fi bv, Avnvi Kwij cU fi, wK AvnviwU
ixwZgZ nRg Kwievi Rb nvIqv LvIqv `iKvi| Zgwb GKUv wkvcyK ixwZgZ nRg
KwiZ AbKwj cvVcy Ki mvnvh AvekK| Avb`i mwnZ cwoZ cwoZ cwoevi kw
AjwZfve ew cvBZ _vK; MnYkw-aviYvkw ek mnR Ges ^vfvweK wbqg ej jvf
Ki| wK GB gvbwmK kw nvmKvix wbivb` wkvi nvZ nBZ evOvwj Kx Kwiqv GovBe,
wKQzZB fvweqv cvIqv hvq bv| [cv,c:65-66]

wkvi nidi iex`bv_i c_g mPZb wkvwPv welqK ce| Avii c~eI
hgb Avi _vKmvejv c`xc Rvjvbvi c~e hgb weKvjejv mjZ cvKvbv
wVK mB iKg AvjvP cei c~e Zuvi wkvwPvi cKvk NUQ gv lvjv eQi
eqm iwPZ gNbv` ea ce [1877, kveY 1284; cv, iex`bv_i wPvRMZwkvwPv, c: 3|] D ce wkv welq cmZ iex`bv_ ejb :

iex`bv_i Kvj wkveevi h eYbv Avgiv cjvg AvRKi evsjv`k, GgbwK

fviZI Zvi Zgb Kvb KvjvchvMx DbZZi DrKl mvwaZ nqQ Ggb K_v
Rvi Ki ejv hve bv| eZgvb evsjv`k cwgZ Kvb wkvbxwZ Pjgvb bv _vKvq
A_-we m GKwU GwjU kwYi ga BsiwR wkvi ceYZv cej AvKvi aviY
KiQ| Kw_Z k&wYi jvKiv Zuv`i Qj-gq`i wPvKlK-kwZwmKi bvbv
bvgi bvbv evi Bswjk zj-KjRjvZ A_i Rvi covbvi myhvM MnY Ki
gwKvmsjM fvlv mswZi cwZ c`kb Ki PjQ AnsMex Aev, Aenjv Ges
Pig elgi w`K Vj w`Q gvZfvlvK| GZ Ki GK w`K wenxb Mvxi
`xbZg Qj-gqiv AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkvi myhvM _K ewZ nQ,
Abw`K wKvi MvUbmn Bswjk zj-KjRjvZ coqv Qj-gq`i ga
^`ki, ^fvlvi wkv-msw Z, `kR ixwZbxwZ-wkvPvi, `ki Av_-mvgvwRKivvwK I fMvwjK cwiwPwZ, `ki BwZnvm-HwZn Ges ^`kvbyivMg~jK wkv
AvZKiY mw nQ wecyj Abxnvwei AbvMn| G mKj Qv-Qvxi AbK
gvZfvlvI ic Avq KiZ cviQ bv| Avevi h BsiwR Zviv wkLQ ZvZ
gbi fve cKvk Zviv KZUv mg nq DVQ mUvI cixv Ki `Lvi welq|
Gw`K `kxq fvlv gvag cwiPvwjZ wkv cwZvbmg~n _K cvk Kiv AMwYZ
mvZK chvqi wWwMcv Qv-Qvx`i ejvski K_v ev` w`jI Lv` evsjv

kvkwZKx-77

kvkwZKx-78

mvwnZi mvZKvi AbK wkwZ Qj-gq Ki evsjvZ GKUv `iLvI

wjLZ cvi bv| G _K Abyfe Kiv me h, AaxZ welq AvZKiYi g~j
DkwU ejZ Mj GKevi gvV gviv hvQ| K_vUv `yfvlv gvag wkvQz
`yaibi Qv-Qvxi ejvZB mgfve chvR| AZ h Kvb GKwU fvlv
h_vh_fve wkLjI jv cvevi Kvb KviY _vK bv| wK huviv Kvwo Kvwo UvKv
LiP Ki Zuv`i Qj-gq`i BsiwR wkvq wkwZ Ki PvKwii evRvi Zv`i
gvKU fjy Zz Zvjvi Pv Ki `kgvZKvi fvlv-mswZ-HwZni cwZ Akv
e Ki `vwqZnxbZvi cwiPq w`Qb Zgwb Zuv`i DbvwmKZv I miKvwi
Aeevcbvi KviY mgvR kwYMZ elg evoQ fqiic| iex`bv_ gb Kib
gvZfvlv Qvov cKZ wkv I vb jvf Kiv me bq| GgbwK ^c `LvI| G welq
wZwb `v `b Rvgvwbi| RvgvwbZ hZ w`b bv gvZfvlvi Av`i nBqvwQj ZZw`b
Zvnvi h_v_ AvZv`i Ges AvZvbwZ nq bvB|[cv, cm K_v-1 (wZb Lvwb c),
c:72] ay Rvgvwb Kb, vb-wevb mf-DbZ h Kvb `ki I GKB K_v|
Avgv`i `k _K huviv Gg.G. Ki we`k hvb DPZg wWwM ARb KiZ Zuviv
welqUv mgK AeMZ AvQb| Kvb `kB m `ki fvlv bv wkLj, bv Rvbj
KvDK Aaqb I MelYvi myhvM `qv nq bv| gvZfvlvK Aev Ki weklZv
ARbi Pvi dj Kx nq Zvi GKwU cK bwRi gvBKj gaym~`b `i LvwZgvb
BsiR Kwe nIqvi wbj cqvm| BsiwRZ wjwLZ Zuvi Captive Lady cKvwkZ nj
KvDwj Ae GWyKkbi mfvcwZ wWsKIqvUvi exUb-Gi wbKU Zvi GK Kwc cwiZ
nq| exUb gaym~`bi cwZfvi cksmv Kib wK Mi`vm emvKK wjwLZ GK c
DjL Kib h, But he coud render far greater service to his country and have a
better chance of achiving a lasting reputation for himself, if he will employ the
taste and talents, which he has cultivated by the slok of the poems of his own
language,if poetry at all events he must write. [hvMx`bv_ emy; RxebPwiZ, 4_ msiY]

we`k emevmKvj wZj wZj ga~m~`b exUb-Gi ge Abyaveb KiQb Ges

cwikl Zuvi evav`q NUQ I gvZfvlvi cwZ AvwiK AvKlY eva KiQb, hvi
cK cwiPq cvB Zuvi efvlv-kxlK mbU|
1.1
Ze G K_v mZ h, AvRvwZK fvlv wnme BsiwRi K`i AvQ, ZvB ej
gvZfvlv ZvM Ki ZvK Av`i Ki WK Gb Ni `Lji myhvM `qv DwPZ bq|
wZxq fvlv wnme h_ iZmn BsiwR kLv hZ cvi; GgbwK mva, mva I
gav _vKj Ab h Kvb fvlvI| wK gvZfvlvK Aenjv Ki bq| G
bvbvb `ki bvbvb fvlv web ^`kx fvlv gU wK AvkvAvyj nvwKgi G Dw
AZ g~jevb Ges iex` Dwi m mvwZkq mwZc~Y| Avyj nvwKgi DwwU
wewQb wK iex`bv_i GZwelqK fvebv jvMvZvi Ges gvMZ DrKl I hywgyLx|
mZ KviYB wZwb ejZ cvib, gyLyRi QjK Mo Mo k BsiwR eZv KwiZ
wbj euvohi QjKI mB P~ov Mie nBZ ewZ KwiZ Zvnvi evci cew nq bv|
ZLb hw` ZuvnvK eySvBqv ejv hvq h evK evBU MvWvbi fvlvi mwnZ cPzi cwigvY
cvbvcyKzii Rj wgkvBqv GKwU e kveK h e K A_ev Avqvm MvUvKZK AwKwrKi
K_v ewjqv Mj, DnvZ Kvb KvRB nBj bv, Dnv bv Avgv`i `ki AtKiY vqx nBj,
kvkwZKx-79

bv wejvwZ mvwnZ cek Kwij...Dnv Acv evsjv fvlvq fve cKvk Kwievi PvI mnmY
mdjZv AvQ| Ze Gme K_v euvohi KY vb jvf Ki bv, gyLy Ri Qji BsiwR duvKv
AvIqvRi KvQ ^`ki mg `vwe Zvnvi wbKU GZB xY ewjqv gb nq| [cv, cm
K_v-1,mvabv, P 1299 (1893 )]|

gvZfvlvq Z_v wkvq ^`kx fvlv Aej^b Kiv Kb Riwi iex`bv_i DwmgyPq
_K BZvgaB Zv mgKfve AeMZ nIqv MQ| Gevi wkvi m Kb Avb`
_vKv cqvRb Ges wkvcYvjxi wU Kv_vq Zvi Dci AvjvKcvZ Kiv hZ cvi|
iex`bv_ gb Kib, wkv Zv h cKviiB nvKmyLKi, Avb`gq I Abvqvmj bv
nj Zv wkv_xi c AvxKiY Kiv `yi nq Ges wkvi g~j Dk h gvbmweKvk,
wPvkwi Dbl Ges Kbvkwi DrKl mvabZv KLbB h_vh_fve cZvwkZ
cwigvY nZ cvi bv| G welq iex`bv_i cyb Kvei QjUv[28 kveY
1339] KweZvwU GKwU PgrKvi `v nZ cvi| h vb wkv_xi ^AwfZvq RvwiZ
bq, m vb cKZ
vb bq; m AwfZvI cixvj mwVK AwfZv bq| Kw_Z
KweZvi QjUv mewKQzB cixv Ki `LZ Pvq; cixvj mZKB m Kej mZ
ej gb Ki| AcixwZ Kvb wKQzB Zvi wbKU MnYhvM bq| `wLB bv Kx nqZviB wewea cixv Kiv nj QjwUi AvRb Kvji ^fve| KZ~nj Zvi A`g| ZvB
M`euvav Avb`-myLnxb cvVM covi Zvi AvMn bB gvUB|
nvRvi iKg gRv w`q Ii Rxeb Niv| I wKQz ivLZ Pvq bv, ay `LZ Pvq
[cv]| KLbI ei cvKv KvMRi ev Gb ivL/ LZ `q Mveii wU|
Avevi KLbIev, Kvjv evO Zzj ai Lc Ki,/ evMvb AvQ LuvUv cvZvi GK
MZ,/ Zvi ga mUv cvl,/ cvKv gvKo `q LZ| [cv]
GK w`b GKUv nj mvc ivLj gvvii W,/ fvej `wLB bv Kx Ki gvvi
gkvq [cv]
GBme KiB hvi w`b hvq, m Qji fvjv Qv nevi K_v bq| Zvi Dci gvvi
gkvq`i Zz nevi K_v bq| wK Zuv`i eySevi gZv wQj bv h, Ggb Acwigq
cixvwfjvlx wKkvii gbvib Kivi gZv wkZvl M bv nj Ii AvMn ai
ivLv hve Kx Ki? Avi Kx KiBev Agb `yi `yevi meyR gbi cwiZzw mvab Kiv
hve? gvviiv bv eySjI wk gbi Gme K_v whwb h_v_fve evSb, Zuvi bvg
iex`bv_| whwb wbRK Rvbb, GKgv ZuviB ejvi AwaKvi, GLbI Pbv nj bv
wbRK| [eZgvb AvjvPK, f`cvovq _vKb bv Cki: iex`Kve mvaviY gvbyl,
3q msiY, kvfv cKvk, XvKv, GKzki eB gjv 2010, c:120123]
GB h bvbvwea cKvi, wbRi Avb`wgwkZ Kbvkw KvR jvwMq, wewea cKvi
Pvicvki RMZ msmvii AmsL wewP AbylK cixv Ki AvZweKwkZ Kivi
wkv mB wkvB evweK h_v_ wkv| Avgv`i cPwjZ wkv cYvjxZ Gi Kvb
myhvM bB| GwUB Avgv`i wkv cYvjx I wkvbxwZi mePq eo wU| Avb`gq
cvVeBqi eo Afve| j
z cvjvbv iex`bv_ ^xq AwfZvq G Afve, G wU nvo
nvo Ui cqwQjb| m KviYB Zuvi cvV, Zuvi jLv KweZvjv QjUvi
coZ gb jvM bv wKQzZB/ Ggb wbiU eyw|/ cvZvjv `yvwg Ki KU iL
`q,/ ej Bu`y i KUQ|/ GZ eo euv`i| QjwUi wei Aw^K gvvii GB

kvkwZKx-80

AwfhvMi Di Kwe Reve `b AKcU, m wU AvgviB,/ _vKZ Ii wbRi

RMZi Kwe,/ Zv nj ei cvKv GZ nZ Zvi Q`/ I QvoZ cviZ bv|/
Kvbv w`b evOi LuvwU K_vwU ciwQ wK wjLZ,/ Avi mB bwo KzKzii UvRwW|
[cv] Ggb mij ^xKvivwi Zvrch Dcjw Kiv Mj Avgv`i cPwjZ wkv
cYvjxi Mj` wkvwe``i wPvq aiv coZv GZw`b| bv aiv covi KviY, Avgiv
huv`i wkvwe` ej AwfwnZ Kwi Zuviv Avmj wkvwecYb wekvi` ew| QovKvii
fvlvq, wkKiv we`v eP/ Uvj Lvjv h AbK Mn| GB Uvji KjQuvUv ev
m wkwZ kwY cKZ wkwZ bq| ^wkwZ Zv bqB mvwUwdKUcv AwkwZ|
wkvi g~j Dk nIqv DwPZ mvwUwdKU cvIqv bq gvbyl nIqv| G me `L
b mL` ceKviK ejZB nq, Qj hw` gvbyl KwiZ PvB Ze Qjejv
nBZB ZvnvK gvbyl KwiZ Avi KwiZ nBe; bZzev m QjB _vwKe, gvbyl
nBe bv| wkKvj nBZB, Kej iY kwi Dci mg fi bv w`qv, m m h_v
cwigvY wPvkw I Kbvkwi ^vaxb cwiPvjbvi Aemi w`Z nBe| mKvj nBZ
mv ch KejB jvOj w`qv Pvl Ges gB w`qv Xjv fvOv, KejB VOvjvwV gyL
Ges GKRvwgbAv`i GB gvbe-Rbg-Gi c Avgv`i GB `yjf mvbv
djvBevi c h_ bn| [AMnvqY 1299, bf^i 1892,cKvk-mvabv, cl 1299|]
Avgv`i Qj`i gvbyl bv nIqvi AbKjv KviYi ga ceKvii kbvKZ
`ywU KviY nQ, (1) Kej wbim evKiY Ges we`wk Awfavb-Gi ga Zv`iK
AvQb Kwiqv djv| Ges (2) h mfvMevb RvwZiv `kxq fvlvq wkv jvf Ki
Zvnviv c_g nBZ aviYv Kwievi wPv Kwievi Aemi cvq| Avi nBZ Zvnv`i
fve cKvk Kwievi myhvM NU| [cv, cm K_v-1, c:73|] Dw `ywU mwekl
cwbavbhvM| Avi cwbavbhvM ejB QjUv KweZvi QjUvi ^vaxb fvebv Ges
Abymwrmv I IwiwRbvwjwU AbyKiYhvM| wK Kvbv Kvbv BsiR AavcK
Avc Kwiqv _vKb h, evOvwj Qv`i ga IwiwRbvwjwUi Kvbv jY `wLZ
cvIqv hvq bv| [cv,c: 74] G welq iex`bv_i Di GiKg, m K_v mZ|
wK KPzi Avev` Kwiqv, Kjvi Kuvw` cvIqv hvBZQ bv ewjqv cwiZvc Kiv kvfv
cvq bv| XuwKi KvwV wbqwgZ c`vNvZ viv PvwjZ nBqv Awekvg gv_v Lywoqv
mgyPviic avb fvwbZ cvi, wK ZvnvZ cvZv MRvq bv, dj dj bv| G Rb
Ab h Lywk Avc KiK, wK h QzZvi mRxe MvQ KvwUqv GB wbRxe XuwK
evbvBqvQ m Kb wewZ nq| [cv, c: 74|]
1.2
h_ Avb`gqZvi m cov, ^vaxbfve wPv Kiv, Abymwrmy nIqv, gvZfvlvq
wkv MnYi AwaKvi wbwZ Kiv hgb iex`wkvwPvi ggMZ Zvrch Zgwb Zuvi
wkvwPvi Aviv KqKwU Awfg nQ, (1) mij nBZ g `yin AvivnY, (2)
cwiwPZ nZ AcwiwPZ hvv, (3) q nZ Aq cwigY, (4) wbKU nZ `~i
Abymvb Ges (5) miKvi wbqYgy wkv cwZvb cwiPvjbvi eev Kiv| Zuvi
fvlvq, vb wkv wbKU nBZ `~i, cwiwPZ nBZ AcwiwPZi w`K MjB Zvnvi
wfw cvKv nBZ cvi| h e PZzw`K weZ bq, h e myL DcwZ bvB,
Avgv`i vbPPv hw` cavbZ ZvnvK Aej^b KwiqvB nBZ _vK Ze m vb `yej

nBeB| hvnv cwiwPZ ZvnvK m~Yi c h_v_fve Avq KwiZ wkwLj Ze hvnv
AcZ hvnv AcwiwPZ, Zvnv MnY Kwievi kw Rb| [Qv`i cwZ mvlY, iPbv
P 1311, cKvk-e`kb, ekvL 1312 (1905)-exq mvwnZ cwil` fvlY]
aviYvkw ewj nq| Kbvkw ew cvq| Avi Kbvkw ew cj Abymwrmv
evo| mij nZ `yin i wPvkw cwiPvjbvi nv RvM| hgb cyb Kvei
iOiwRbx [25 kveY 1339] KweZvi bvwqKv Avwgbv, eqm hvi mZiv, m
w`MweRqx cwZ I kvwYZ eywmb AcivRq ZvwKK kijvji BQvgZ iO Kiv
cvMwo bvjvi avi ZuZ
y MvQi Qvqvq em ayq wbq Nvmi Dci wewQq w`Z wMq
j Kij, cvMwoi GK KvY jLv AvQ GKwU kvKi GKwU PiY Zvgvi
kxc` gvi jjvU weivR| em! Agwb Avwgbvi Abymvbx gb mw nj GK A`g
KZ~nj| ePvix Avwgbv K_vUvi A_ em em fvej AbK Y; Zvici Kx gb
Ki iwOb myZv Ni _K Gb/ cvMwoZ AviK PiY wjL w`j/ cik cvBb
ZvB `qi gvS| GB h cvMwoi KvY ki jvji jLv mij GKwU evKi A_
Abyaveb Ki AM~p `yin Zvrch GKv GKvB DcbxZ nZ mg nj Avwgbv GUvB
cKZ
wkvi `v AaxZwe`v KvR jvwMq bZzb wKQz Avwevii djcm~ `Zv|
coqv`i GB `Zv ew I my cwZfv weKvki mnvqK h wkvcYvjx ZvB iex`
cZvwkZ Av`k wkvcYvjx Ges mij _K `yin AvivnYi `v| Aci w`K
cwiwPZ nZ AcwiwPZ hvv Ges wbKU nZ `~i Abymvb Ges Dvg
wkvmgmv ce e, bv Rvbv nBZ g Rvwbevi Avb`-G wKsev q nZ
Aq cwigYi cK D`vniY nZ cvi cyb KweZvi bvqK AvcvZ `y mB
QjUv, eybv wel dj Lq hvi wfwg jvM,/ i_ `LZ wMq Kv_vq hZ wMq
Kv_vq hvq, wKQzZB wKQz nq bv/ Avagiv nq euP IV,/ nvwiq wMq wdi Avm/
Kv`v gL Kvco wQuo| GUv Zvi wbKU _K `~i wMq `~iK ^ic Pbvi cixv|
Abyicfve icK_vi M kvbv bvMKbv, h _vK b`xi Aviv Zjvq Ges mvbvi
KuvKB w`q AuvPovq j^v Pzj...| ZvK mwZ mwZ `Lvi jvfI mvgjvZ cvi bv
m| ZvB b`xi ^Q meyR Rj `q Wye bvMKbvi mvb| GZ Ki fqi wec`
co QjwU| `vg hvq AvUwKq| e nq Avm `g| PvL `L AKvi| h
gvK KwP ejvq nvwiqQ/ Zvi Qwe RvM gb,/ vb hvq wgwjq| fvix gRv,/ Kx
Ki gi mB g K_vUv| m w`b GB wec` _K WvOvq Mvi Pivbv ivLvjiv
Dvi Kij ZvK Rj`i wWwO wbq UvbvUvwb Ki Zyjj hLb ZLb m
wbtmvo| Gi ciI Abymwrmv Kg bv GZUzKz| eis Zvi GK ezK cj
y Ki
QjwU| jvf `wLq ej,/ GKevi `L bv Wye, Kvgi `wo eua/ Aveviv
Zzjev Ub| QjwU ivwR bv nj I iM ej, fxZz, fxZz, fxZz Kv_vKvi|
QjwUi GB Avb`gq cixvwfjvwlZvK wbtm`n AwfwnZ Kiv hvq iex` Kw_Z
bv Rvbv nBZ g Rvwbevi Avb` Ges q nZ Aq cwigYi cPv|
wkvi g~j DkI GwUB|
1.3
iex`bv_ gb Kib, wK Avgv`i wkv eevq Ges wkv cYvjxZ G cwZi
wb`viY Afve| Avgv`i wkv cYvjxZ eyi mwnZ ewni mwnZ Avgiv wgjvBqv

kvkwZKx-81

kvkwZKx-82

wkwLevi AeKvk cvB bv| Avgv`i AwaKvsk wkv h mKj `v Avkq Ki Zvnv
Avgv`i `wMvPi bn| Avgiv BwZnvm cwo; h BwZnvm Avgv`i RbcevnK
Aej^b Kwiqv cZ nBqv DwVqvQ, hvnvi bvbv jY bvbv wZ Avgv`i Ni
evwni bvbv vb cZ nBqv AvQ, Zvnv Avgiv AvjvPbv Kwi bv ewjqv BwZnvm h
Kx wRwbm Zvnvi Dj aviYv nBZB cvi bv| Avgiv fvlvZic gyL Kwiqv
cixvq DPvb AwaKvi Kwi; wK Avgv`i wbRi gvZfvlv Kvj Kvj c`k
c`k Kgb Kwiqv bvbv icvii ga wbRi BwZnvm cZ wbe Kwiqv
ivwLqvQ Zvnv Zgb Kwiqv `wL bv ewjqvB fvlvinm Avgv`i KvQ my nBqv
DV bv| GK fviZel mgvR I agi hgb eZi Aev ewP AvQ, Ggb eva
nq Avi Kbv `k bvB| Abymvbc~eK Awfwbekc~eK mB ewP AvjvPbv
Kwiqv `wLj mgvR I agi wevb Avgv`i KvQ hgb DvwmZ nBqv DwVe
Ggb `~i`ki ag I mgvR m^xq eB cwoqv KLvbB nBZ cvi bv|
aviYv hLb A I `yej _vK ZLb Dvebvkwi Avkv Kiv hvq bv: GgbwK,
ZLbKvi mg Dvebv AevweK AyZ AvKvi aviY Ki| GRbB Avgiv KZve
BwZnvm wkwLqvI HwZnvwmK wePvi Zgb Kwiqv Avq KwiZ cvwi bvB; KZve
wevb wkwLqvI Af~Zc~e KvwbKZvK wevb ewjqv PvjvBqv _vwK, ag-mgvR,
GgbwK mvwnZ mgvjvPbvZI Acg cwigvYea iv KwiZ cvwi bv|
evweKZv ewRZ nBj Avgv`i gbB ejv, `qB ejv, Kk I weKZ nBqv hvq|
Avgv`i `kwnZlv Bnvi cgvY| `ki jvKi wnZi m GB wnZlvi hvM bvB|
`ki jvK gwiZQ; `vwi` RxY nBZQ, Awkv, Kzwkvq b nBZQ Bnvi
cwZKvii Rb hvnviv wKQzgv wbRi Pv cqvM KwiZ ce nq bv Zvnviv we`wk
mvwnZ-BwZnvmi cuyw_MZ cvwUqwURg& bvbv cKvi AmsMZ AbyKiYi viv jvf
KwiqvwQ ewjqv Kbv Ki| GRbB, GZKvj, Z_vwc GB cvwUqwURg& Avgvw`MK
h_v_ Kvbv ZvM ^xKvi ce KwiZ cvwij bv| h `k cvwUqwURg& Aeve bn,
cuyw_MZ AbyKiYg~jK bn, mLvbKvi jvK `ki Rb Abvqvm cvY w`ZQ; Avgiv
mvgvb A_ w`Z cvwi bv, mgq w`Z cvwi bv, Avgv`i `k h Kxic Zvnv mvbc~eK
Rvwbevi Rb Drmvn Abyfe Kwi bv| [cv,Qv`i cwZ mvlY c: 82|]
`k I `ki fMvwjK AvqZb, evweK ^ic I ewP m^ Avgv`i AvbZv,
AbvMn I cKZ fvjvevmvi Afve mK Dchy K_vjv hgb mZ, Zgwb
mgvR, mgvRi gvbyli ag, eY, msvi, Kzmsvi, Afvm Ges RxebvPiYi ewP
I wekvmi iKgdi mKI Avgv`i bexb coqv`i aviYv, cexY gvbyl`i
AZv ev AZvi wcQbI wbii KvhKi evweKZvewRZ AwfZv|
Z`ycwi cwVZ welqwUi fvlv hw` weRvZxq nq Zv we`v_x bv cvi m fvlvi evZveiY
f` Ki ji ggj cuQZ, bv cvi welqi cKZ Zvrchi Avb`gqAgZgq Av^v`b DcfvM KiZ| Dci gvSLvb DcfvMi cvmxgv k Kivi
mfvM ARb Kivi cwieZ Zv`i coZ nq `yfvMi AZj Mni| ZLb
AvwfavwbK A_B coqv evjK`i Aev `uvovq QuyPvi mvc Mjvi gZv evweK
cvYvKi `yfvM| A_vr Zv`i Aev nq bv NiKv, bv NvUKvi gZv|

kvkwZKx-83

G RbB iex`bv_i cv I mywPwZ AwfgZ nQ :

wkwLevi cYvjxwU hw` GKevi gvZfvlvi mvnvh AcvKZ mnR Avq nBqv Avm, gbwU
hw` wkvi Rb cZ
nBqv DV, Ze aviYvkw h KZUv cwicK nBqv DV, KZ AbvekK
cxob, KwVb Pv I kixi gbi Aemv` nBZ wbwZ cvIqv hvq, Zvnv huvnviv `v
`wLqvQb ZuvnvivB Rvbb| evjKvj nBZB BsiwR fvlv wkv `Iqv nvK wK evsjvi
AvbylwKic AwZ A, Zvnv nBj evsjv wkv BsiwR wkvq mvnvh Kwie| BwZnvm
f~Mvj A cfwZ wkvi welqwj evsjvq wkLvBqv BsiwRK Kej fvlv wkvic wkLvBj
fvlvic BsiwR wkwLevi mgq AwaK cvIqv hvq; eywSqv cwoevi Gis Afvm Kwiqv wkwLevi
h_v_ Aemi _vK|...[cv,iex`bv_i wPvRMr-wkvwPv, c: 78] gb ivLZ ne ay

BwZnvm, f~Mvj, A, wevb, `kb, agkv, AavZwe`v, gvbe bq; mKj we`vi
B DcwiD iex` Dw mZ I Zvrchevnx bq, cvwUqwURg& ev ^`kcg
m^I GKBfve mZ| Kbv, cwiKYv, ^c, mva, wPveveZvkx, ewb,
gwKvmsjM, cKZ
`kvbyivMg~jK I gvbeKjvYgyLx bv nj Zvi Kvb g~j bB| Zv
wbZvB-rootlessness Ges Adjcm~ fvewejvwmZv gv chewmZ nZ eva| mZK
cZ nj Avcb PZbvq Ges AvZMZ Dcjwi wfZi w`q h_v_ic cZ ne|
Zv m mZi cKvif` hvB nvK| hZ cKviB nvK| ay eov wRwbm Kbv
KwijI nBe bv, eov `vb wfv KwijI nBe bv, Ges QUv gyL eov K_v
ewjjI nBe bv, vi cvk wbZv QvUv KvR i KwiZ nBe| wejvZi cvmv`
wMqv iv`b Kwij nBe bv, ^`ki ewmqv KK DrcvUb KwiZ nBe|
BnvZ Avgv`i kwi PPv nBe mB kwi PPvgvB ^vaxbZv Ges ^vaxbZv
gvbB Avb`...|[cv] wkvi cv kZjv QvovI iex`wPvq Aiv
AbK gwjK I Acwinvh K_v AvQ| hgb [fvvi, R 1312 91905]-G c~e
cki Abyew -kxlK ce iex`bv_ ejb,
c_g K_v `ki KvR `kK h_v_fve wbhy KwiZ nBj Mvovq mvaviYK
wkv w`Z nBe|
wZxq K_v wkvi hw` cavb Dk GB nq h, `ki jvKK `ki KvR hvM
Kiv, Ze ^fveZB wkvi cYvjxi m^ miKvii m Avgv`i wgj nBe bv|
ZZxq K_v hw` Zvnv bv nq Ze cii euvav-Pvj KZKjv we`vjq evbvBqv
we`ki kvmb ^`ki ^i^ZxK wRwi civBj wekl djjvf cZvkv Kiv
Pwje bv| wkvcYvjxK mKj cKviB ^`ki gjmvabi DchvMx Kwievi Rb
`ki we`vjqK miKvii kvmb nBZ gyw `Iqv `iKvi|
kl K_v Zvnvi evav GB h, Abi `vq we`v miKvii vi euvav cwoqvQ| m
eb bv KvwUj we`vK ^vaxb Kwie Kx Dcvq...| [i 12k, wekfviZx, 1349,
c:516-517|]
iex`bv_i wkvwPv welqK fvebvjv ewUk kvwmZ fviZel gKj cYxZ
wkvbxwZi Pjgvb mgq e| mZ KviYB bKj BsiR evbvbvi Dk cYxZ
weRvZxq wkvbxwZ fviZelxq mgvRi gj mvabi h KvbvgB
gjRbK nZ cvi bv Zv wZwb Dcjw KiwQjb AvwZK mZZvq| Ges weeKi
ZvwM` wjLwQjb wkvi nidi, wkv msvi, wkvi evnY, wkv mgmv,
wkv wewa, wkv ^vxKiY, wkvi wgjb BZvKvi ewea ce Ges bvbv
kvkwZKx-84

cm e KiwQjb wkvmswk Zuvi mywPwZ ee| BsiR cYxZ m wkvbxwZ

AvRv Aewa evsjv`k-fviZ cvq AcwiewZZ Aevq weivRgvb| Ges hv iex`
mgqKvji gZv AvRv wbiU cvmwK| AZ evsjv`k cPwjZ wkvbxwZ gvUB
RvwZMVb DchvMx bq ej wkvwekl eweM gb Kib| G welq chv `v
`qv nqQ| mB mv_ evSv MQ wkvwPK iex`bv_i AvZMZ fvebv, wekvm,
PZbv I gbbMZ Av`ki ^ic| Zuvi mB fvebvi eve icvqbB nQ
kvwwbKZb I kxwbKZb| kvwwbKZb weki e vbx-Yx-cvkxj wkKi
mgvek NwUq Zcvebmg Av`k wkv cwZvbi GKwU gWj Zwii cPvq Zuvi
AvwiKZvi Afve wQj bv| iex`bv_i Rxekvq Ges ZviI ci kvwwbKZbi
DcvPvhi `vwqZ cvjbKvj cy i_x`bv_ VvKzi Ges vZzyx Bw`iv `exi Mfxi
chZ I wbvgq cwiPhvq cwZvb `ywUi LvwZ cvq wekgq Qwoq co| Ab K_vq
iex`bv_ nvZ Kjg `Lvb Zuvi wPvi eve cwZdjbi ic|
eZgvb cewU co AbKiB aviYv nZ cvi iex`bv_ eywSev BsiwR wkvi
weivax wQjb Ges wel wQj Zuvi cw_exi Abvb fvlvi cwZ| wK bv, welqUv m
iKg bq gvUB| cw_exi me RvwZi gvZfvlvi cwZ wZwb AwZkq kvkxj wQjb|
Zuvi GKv wekvm wQj cw_exi Kvb RvwZB gvZfvlvi PPv I gvZfvlvi gvag Qvov
Aaqb Ki vb-wevbi Kvb kvLvZB mvdji wkLi cuQvZ cvib bv|
gbi fve cKvk I weKvki gvZfvlvi weK bB| cmZ gb ivLv fvjv
h, iex`bv_ AbKi Pq fvjvB BsiwR RvbZb| BsiwR fvlvq mwekl
eyrcw ARb KiZ mg bv njI KvR Pvjvbvi gZv BsiwR wZwb RvbZb|
RvbZb h Zvi eo cgvY bvej cyivicv MxZvwj wZwb wbRB Lqvji ek
BsiwRZ Abyev` Kib Ges KzwZ wP Zv wZwb BsiR Kwe BqUm&-Gi nvZ Zzj
`b| ejvevj, m Abyev` cvV KiB BqUm&mn AbK we` ew Dcwbl`i
fvecy AavZg~jK MxZvwji ggebvq ggyi gZv AvK nb|
Kwei ^KZ MxZvwji BsiwR Abyev`i NUbv _K AZ BsiwR fvlvi cwZ Zuvi
wel wQj G K_v ejv mgxPxb ne bv| Ab fvlv-mvwnZi I GKB K_v|
wevbi AvKi Mmg~n BsiwRZ jLv, mjv co Ges AvZ Ki cvj fvlvq
wZwbB meZ c_g jLb wevbwPv welqK M wekcwiPq| g~jZ wbR fvlvi cwZ
AbyivM c`kbi A_ ne cw_exi mKj fvlv-fvlxi gvZfvlvi cwZ kvkxj nIqvi
I AbyciYvi cZxK Ges ^fvlvq wkvRb Kivi iZ Dcjw Kivi `v|
G ce iex`bv_i wkv`ki g~j m~jv wew I wewQbfve bvbv Abyl
DwjwLZ nqQ| G _K AZ GB wmv DcbxZ nIqv hvq h, wkv_x`i
AvZMZ wPv _K wePvi, weklY, g~jvqb Ges wmv MnYi mgZvB nQ
wkvi g~j Dk Ges mywkvi jY| mywkvq wkwZ nZ cvij ZeB
AvZvbqb I AvZweKvk me| gyL KivI bq| bKj KivI bq| G KviYB
RvZxq wekwe`vjq [e`kb, fv` 1313, 1906] ce ceKvi iex`bv_ ejb,
mywkvi jY GB h, Zvnv gvbylK Awff~Z Ki bv, Zvnv gvbylK gyw`vb Ki|
GZw`b Avgiv Bzj-KjR h wkvjvf KwiZ wQjvg, ZvnvZ Avgvw`MK civ
KwiqvQ| Avgiv Zvnv gyL KwiqvwQ, Avew KwiqvwQ, wkvj euvwa [euvav]

ePbwjK wbtmskq P~ov mZ ewjqv cPvi KwiqvwQ|...hvnv wKQz cwoqvwQ Zvnv

Avgvw`MK f~Zi gZv cvBqv ewmqvQ; mB cov we`v Avgv`i gyL w`qv K_v
ejvBqvQ, evwni nBZ gb nBZQ hb Avgiv K_v ewjZwQ| AZGe `ki
wkvcYvjx Ggb nZ ne hvZ wkv_xMY Avbw`Z wP we`vRb Ki AvZwbwgwZ
NUvZ cvi| wkLZ wkLZ Avb` cvq| Avb` cZ cZ wkLZ cvi Ges
wfZi wfZi kw mq KiZ KiZ kwg AvjvwKZ ewZ icvwiZ nZ
cvi| GKgv Zv njB MMZ we`v Avi cin ab/ bn we`v bn ab nj
cqvRb iex`bv_i G Dwi Avi Kvb mviev _vKe bv| cwiYvg`kx cKZ

wkvbyivMx eweMiI cZvkv ZvB|

cwikl mwekl DjL h, wkvwelqK Dchy
iex`v c~ei Abyew -kxlK
jLvi ZZxq K_v Ges kl K_vwUi A_ G bq h, miKvwi eb gy Ki w`q
eZgvb evsjv`k ej cPwjZ Ges Rbwcqfve weRbm GWyKkb ej AwfwnZ
emiKvwi wekwe`vjqmg~nmn egvi wUDUvwiqvj nvg, KvwPs mUvi, jvwbs cqU
BZvKvi bvbv evi, bvbv bvgi `w AvKlYKvix Ges mvnbx wevcbme^ jyUiv
ewMZ wkv cwZvbjvK wdvBj PjZ `qvi myhvM Ki `qv| GgbwK
RvZxq wekwe`vjqi gZv AbvPviwK, ^QvPvix, Kvvbnxb, AcwiYvg`kx,
RvwZNvwZ I weRvZxq KgKvgq wkv cwZvbi Pjgvb igigv AevK nvjvj I
RvqR ej Dv bZ Kivi AbygwZ `qv| cKZ
c iex`bv_ hv ejZ PqQb, Zv
nQ, `k-RvwZ-iv Z_v ivi Rbgjxi c AKjvYKvgx, AwnZKi, wZKi
wkvbxwZ miKviK KvbgB cYqb I evevqb KiZ bv `qv| AbK_vq, ivi
h cuvPwU gwjK `vwqZ mwVK I h_vh_fve cvjb Kiv Aek KZe mjvi ga
wkvi iZ mevwaK I mee Ges cwe| G wbq miKvii Kvb cKvi MvdjwZ,
Mwogwm ev LvgLqvjxi wKQzgv AeKvk bB| G RbB A_jwMKviK eemvwqK
gbvewmb ewgvwjKvbvaxb, A_jvjyc gybvdvLvi Kvb wkv cwZvbK PjZ
bv `qv Ges KVvifve wbwl NvlYv Ki Zv e Ki `qv RvwZi bwZK `vwqZ|
Ges G `vwqZ cvjb RbgZ MVb Ki miKviK eva Kiv wkvbyivMx ewmn mKj
bvMwiKi cwe `vwqZ| Kbbv wkv Kvb eemvq bq wkv nQ gvbyl nIqvi
gng eZ GB nQ iex`bv_i wkvwPvi gvv K_v|
Ze iex`bv_i nvZ Mov kvwwbKZb I kxwbKZbi gZ jvfnxb, bxwZwb, mgybZ
wkvgvbmb, gbylZ I Pwi MVb DchvMx ^`kvbyivMg~jK Av`k wkv cwZvb
vcb miKvwi ev emiKvwi h fveB nvK wKsev nvK wevbyivMx RbwnZlx ewK ev
mvgvwRK eevcbvq Zv meZvfve MnY I Awfb`bhvM| A_vr wkvK
wecYbhvM cY bwgZ nZ `qv KvbfveB mgxPxb ne bv| Kejgv Zv njB
wkv cwZvbjv RvwZi evwZNi I AvjvwKZ weeKi cZxKic ckswmZ ne
bPr AZuj Auvavi Zwjq hve RvwZ, asm nq hve gvbyl-gvbeZv Ges mfZv|

kvkwZKx-85

kvkwZKx-86

Qvow` mZvi evwRq MqwQjb, mZ Zejvq cwZwR| Mvb kl nZ, eov

RvVv Avi mZxk KvKv `yRbB `yljb cwZwRK, Agb Q Mvb kLvevi Rb|
cwZwR ZK w`qwQjb h knii e MYgvb evOvwj cwievi wZwb GB Mvb
wkwLqQb| ZvuK Rvbvbv nqwQj h, Zviv me Q cwievi, AevY| MvbUv wbq
mgeZ cmv`cvw_iv h GKgZ bb, Zv c nqwQj ewokv-envjvi vwZ
`vkiw_RVzi GB ge, In Avgiv wbRivB Zv fKzjxb, wmivR`jvi PvKi,
Avgv`i Avevi gjQv! BgwjZjv cvovi Kvbv evwm`vK wK Q ZKgv `qv
nZv bv| Avgiv cvovi mgeqmx`i m, Pvi-cywjk Ljvi mgq, hvi evwoZ

BQ XzK h-KvbI Ni jywKq _vKZ cviZzg, GgbwK bvwRg`i cvov evwoZ

ev I`i evwoi mvgbi gmwR`| bvwRgi w`w` Kzjmyg Avcv Avgv`i evwoZ
nvumi wWg wew KiZ Gm, gv Avi KvwKgv`i m M KiZb|
GKUv Mvb Kb mZbvivqYi cuyRvq Lvc Lve bv, m evakw ZLb Avgvi wQj
bv| ZvQvov, MvbwUiB weivwaZv Kiv nqwQj; hvi gvb evwoi KDB fwelZ MvBe
bv| MvbUv fzj hZzg| wK MvbUv Avevi kvbvi myhvM nj mB mgq hLb
Kv_wjK zj dv_ vvW ch co ivggvnb ivq mwgbvwiZ wMq Kvm wm
fwZ njyg| m-mgq cvUbvq IB zjwUB wQj evsjv gvag zj| ivggvnb ivq
mwgbvwiZ GB Rb fwZ nqwQjyg h, Kv_wjK zj BsiwR Qvov Ab KvbI
fvlvq K_v ejj kvw cZ nZv, Ges m KviY Avgvi gvZfvlv _K ewZ
nwQjyg| wZxqZ evev Avjv`v evwo Zwi Kivq, BgwjZjvi GKvbeZx cwievi fO
wMqwQj| BgwjZjvi mvsw ZK cUfwg _K gy Kivi Dk `v`vK (mgxi
ivqPayix) gvwUK cvm Kivi ci KjKvZvi wmwU KjR covi Rb cvwVq `qv
nqwQj gvgvi evwo cvwYnvwUZ|
ivggvnb ivq mwgbvwiZ cwZ eQi fv`vrme nZv, Avwkb gvmi KvbI GK
iweevi| Qv-Qvx wkK-wkwKviv Ask wbZb bZMxZ I bvUKi IB
mvbyvb, hvK ejv nZv em Drme, Ges AwffveK`i AvmZ ejv nZv mB
mvbyvb `Lvi Rb| Avwg fwZ nevi c_g eQi, eow`-Qvow` Avi gv-KvwKgviv
wQjb `kKvmb| Zvu`i wZ I Avbw`Z Ki mB GKB MvbwU Mq Abyvbi
m~cvZ KiwQj MvqK-MvwqKv QvQvxiv| gvnb cvvi hZw`b wcwcvj
wQjb, GB AbyvbwU nZv cwZeQi| Zuvi Aemii ci, wnw`fvlx`i msLvwaK,
e nq wMqwQj em Drme|
eKvj ci, evevi KvQ RvbZ cvwi h, h-mgq `v`y-VvKzgv jvnvi BZvw`
Avcvi BbwWqvi Aj Uyi Ki eovwQjb, m-mgq ag-cPviK bexbP` ivqI IB
Aj evagi cPvi wMqwQjb, Ges Zvui gZv`k `v`y I AviI e evOvwj I
cvvwe gb wbZ cvibwb| `v`y-VvKzgv wbR`i Mvuovwg PvDi Ki w`Z ciwQjb
eov RvVvi gb| Avi Avgvi eov RvVvBgv GmBwQjb cyiZevwo _K| Avgvi
kke cvUbvi AwaKvsk evOvwj GwjU cwievi f`jvK wQjb ev, Avw`agi ev|
cwZ bexbP` ivq mB AskiB cwZwbwa wQjb| `v`y hLb Avcvi BbwWqvq QzBjb,
ZLbB cvve nvBKvU Ges weUbi wcwf KvDwj ivq w`qwQj h Avw`agi ev
AvbyvwbK eviv wn`y bq| KkeP`i beweavb eviv wQjb AbvbyvwbK|
c_gZ, Avgv`i GKvbeZx cwievii MnKZv I Kxi avwgK Mvuovwgi KviY, I
wZxqZ evOvwj GwjUmgvR _K `~iZi `iY, hveZxq ev`i eggv ZKgv w`q
cwiZvR Ki w`qwQj BgwjZjvi evwo| ivggvnb ivqi jLv emxZ mcK
m KviYB Dv| eov RvVv gRv RvVvi bvUKi `j wQj cvUbvq| IB `ji
Avvq mswZPPv nZv, wn`y`i msw ZPPv|
BgwjZjvi eqiv KDB zji Mw civbwb, m KviY cvUbvi wkwZ
GwjUmgvR cekvwaKvi cvbwb| ivggvnb ivq wn`y agK fZi _K aivZ
PqwQjb; Zvui emfvi cwZwU m`mB wQjb evY; Zvui jLv MvbK eggv

kvkwZKx-87

kvkwZKx-88

gjq ivqPayix

iweVvKzi Avgv`i evwoZ wbwl wQjb

BgwjZjvi evwoZ, cvUbvq, Avi Dicvovi emZevwUZ, Ges gvgvi evwo
cvwYnvwUZ, iweVvKzi wbwl wQjb; Zuvi jLv I Mvbi cekvwaKvi wQj bv| cvUbv
Avi Daicvovq, eov RvVv-RwVgvi I VvKzgvi wblavv Agvb Kivi mvnm
eq`iI wQj bv| iweVvKzi jvKwU h wVK K, Avi KbB ev Zuvi bvg ev KvR gyL
Avbv hve bv m KZ~nj wbimbi cqvm eqivI KiZb bv|
iweVvKzi jvKwUB h iex`bv_, ZvI Avgiv, fvB-evbiv, Ui cvB ek ci|
Avwg cv_wgKi Kv_wjK zj cowQjyg, hLvb BDivcxq wmvi I dv`viiv
covZb, huviv BDivcxq gbxlx I wLvb m`i KgKv evLvb KiZ AwaK
AvMnx wQjb| BgwjZjv cvovI wQj Kvnvi Kzwg cvwm gymni Pvgvi `ymva I AwZMwie wkqv gymjgvb AaywlZ|
iweevey`i mcK Dvi exR `v`y-VvKzgv eq GbwQjb eZgvb cvwKvbi
ivIjwcw jvnvi KvqUv BZvw` Kvbv GKUv kni _K| `v`y jxbvivqY
fviZi c_g vggvY dvUvMvdvi-cBbUvi wQjb, Ges wbgY cq ZLbKvi
wcwj Ui beve-eMg-ivRv-ivwb`i dvUv evgvBW KvMR Zzj AWvi Abyhvqx
cBbwUs GuK w`Zb| wZwb dvUv ZzjZ wkLwQjb jvnvi wgDwRqvgi wKDiUi
Rb jKDW wKcwjOi KvQ| cvwKvbi IB AjwUK m-mgq ejv nZv Avcvi
BbwWqv| c_g Avfvm gj GKwU MvbK K` Ki| eov RvVvgkvqi `yB gq
kvxq mxZ wkLZb cwZ eyjvwKjvji KvQ| RvVvBgv msvwi w`b
mZbvivqYi cuyRv KiZb, Avi mB Dcj BgwjZjvi evwoZ evY-mgvek
nZv| cyiZgkvq mZxk Nvlvji Puv` m`vMii wnZvc`k kl nj Ckie`bvi
Mvb MvBZb w`w`iv, eR fvlv ev wnw` ev msZ| mZxkKvKvi Abyiva cwZ
eyjvwKjvj GKwU evsjv Vzswi, fiex ivwMbxZ, wkwLqwQjb Qvow` awixK:
K fzjvj nvq/ KbvK mZ Kwi Rvb, G wK `vq ?/ Avcwb Mon hvK,/ h Zvgvi ek
ZuvK/Kgb Cki WvK Ki Awfcvq ?/ KLbv flY `I, KLbv Avnvi;/ YK
nvcn, YK Kin msnvi|/ cfz ewj gvb hvi,/ myL bvPvI Zvi/nb fzj G msmvi
`LQ Kv_vq ?

ZKgv `qv DwPZ nqwb| wZwb weUb gviv hvb 1883 mvj, hLb wKbv `e`bv_
VvKzi c_K ag wnmve evagi bw_ cKvk Kib 1850 mvj|
ev-weivwaZvi AviKwU KviY, eggv`i nq Kivi exR Avgvi gv GbwQjb
cvwYnvwUi gvgvi evwo _K| 1857 mvji gnvwe`vni weivwaZv Ki evmgvRi
cvq cwZwU Uvw BsjkiK mg_b Ki we`vnx mcvB`i Kov kvw `vwe
KiwQjb| 1871 mvj `e`bv_ VvKzi NvlYv KiwQjb h Zvuiv c_g ev,
Zvici fviZxq| 1872-Gi ckvj gviR Av Abyhvqx weq Kivi mgq GKRb
evK wjL w`Z nZv h, Avwg wn`y ev gymwjg ev wLvb ev Bw` bB|
cvwYnvwUZ `v`vgkvqi cRb _K cyiliv mevB wQjb mvZK A_ev
mvZKvi, hLb wKbv Avgv`i cwievi Zv i nqQ `v`vi KjR hvIqv _K|
meZ KkeP` mbi evmgvR Abyceki ci, eggv`i mcK gvgvi
evwoZ `vkwbK AvenvIqv cvjU wMq _vKe, Kbbv kke `LwQ, Ges Avgvi
mRgvgv jxKv e`vcvavq mcK GKUv M`i (Qvb wkivbvg AcKvwkZ
QvUvM M Afz) Z_ msMnKvj RbwQ h gvgvi evwoZ BbwWqvb wgii
cvwK cwKv KjKvZv _K AvbvZb `v`vgkvq wKkvixgvnb|
ZLbKvi w`b, h mgq wn`y evwoi jvKiv `qvj `ex-`eZvi Ges
Bsjvkii Qwe UvOvZ, cvwYnvwUi evignji cjvB eVKLvbvq UvOvbv _vKZ
AvwUK dg evuavbv CkiP` we`vmvMi, f`e gyLvcvavq, ivggvnb ivq, KkeP`
mb cgyL vbxYxi Qwe| Avh h, iex`bv_ VvKzi, huvK gvgvi evwoZI ejv nZv
iweevey, Zvui Qwe, wZwb bvej cyivi cvIqv mI, UvOvbv nqwb|
cvwYnvwUi eVKLvbvwU wQj wekvj, GKUv QvULvU MvMvi| AskwU wew Ki
`evi ci Zvi Ici GLb dvUevwo DVQ| iex`bv_i GKvwaK eB wQj KvVi
Avjgvwijvq| eq`i ee wQj h iweevey fviZxq kvxq mxZK weKZ
KiQb| eov`v`y Abvw`bv_ hZw`b euP wQjb, ZZw`b Avwg IB evwoZ
iex`mxZ evRZ ev KvDK MvBZ wbwb| QvUv idwiRviUvii gvci GKUv
ev-iwWI ivLv _vKZ `vjvb, Zvi gv_vq Kji Mvb emvbv| Abvw` I wKkvix
`yRbB fviZxq kvmxZi evv wQjb| ZvB iex`mxZ wbwl|
cvUbvq, BgwjZjvi evwoZ, PvO-jvMvbv Kji Mvb, mZvi Zejv AMvb
KvwibU nvigvwbqvg Avi envjv wQj| eov RvVv KvwibU evRvZ RvbZb,
Zejvq mZ w`Z cviZb| w`w`iv kvxq mxZ wkLZb, Ges evwoi Avmi
MvBZb| wK iweeveyi Mvb MvIqv wbwl wQj| eZ VvKzgv Ges eov RvVv hw`
RvbZ cviZb KvbI Mvb ev`i Mq emxZ Zvnj Zv wbwl nq hZ|
GKvbeZx cwievi fO hvevi ci PvOv-jvMvbv Kji Mvb, AvOzievjvMniRvb`i Mvgvdvb iKW, Ges mxZhjv w`w`iv kievwo wbq wMqwQjb|
Avwg zji Mw cwiq eQiLvbK fvqvwjb evRvbv wkLwQjyg, wK Avq KiZ
bv ci Qo w`B| Avgvi mncvVx myeY DcvavqK w`q w`qwQjyg envjvUv| myeY
AviI KqK eQi Pv KiwQj, Zvici Qo w`qwQj|
Kvjg BgwjZjvi evwo, KvKviv KvZis Avi Dicvovq Pj hvevi `iY,
gRv RwVgvI gviv wMqwQjb, cvq fzZzo nq wMqwQj| Zvu`i `Lv-kvbvi KD
kvkwZKx-89

wQj bv ej BgwjZjvi wZb Zjv evwo fvov w`q eov RvVv-RwVgvI Pj

wMqwQjb w`w``i fvgicvLiwZ wmjfvb nvDm _vKZ| `yB RvVZzZv w`w`,
mvwex I awixi GKB evwoZ weq nqwQj| GLb IB cvUbvBqv Rwg`vi evwoi
cQbi Ask fO kZvwaK dvUi Avevmb Mo DVQ| w`w``i evwoZ cvqB
Mvbi Avmi emZ| weU Kwe Avjb wMevMK Avwg Agb GK Mvbi Avmi wbq
wMqwQjyg w`w``i evwo|
KjR XvKvi ci, `wiqvcyi cvovq Avgv`i bZzb evwoZ Gm, w`w``i evwo
Avwg eov GKUv hZzg bv, fvBdvuUv Qvov ev eov RwVgvi WvK coj| Kbbv ZLb
Avgvi wblafi mgq Avi nq MQ| w`w`iv Avgvi `Lv cjB ejZb, Zvi
welq AbK K_v Kvb AvmQ| eov RwVgvI evi-evi ejZb, Kzc_ hIwb evcy|
cvUbv wgDwRqvg wKcvi Ae cBbwUsm Av vPvii PvKwi _K eo RvVv
Aemi bevi ci w`w``i evwoZ Ibvi cwiwPZRb`i WKwQjb mZbvivqY
cyRvi mvevmi| wMq `wL njNii KvcU em Mvb MvBQ eov fvwM gzkx ,
Qvow` mZvi evRvQb, nvigvwbqvg eow`, Avi Zejvq mZ w`Qb e cwZ
eyjvwKjvj| BwRPqvi PvL euyR Mvb kvbvq wefvi eov RvVv| eov RvVvBgv
`qvj Vmvb w`q nvZRvo Ki em AvQb| MvbUv GB, MxZweZvb c~Rv chvq
_K, GLb me Mq, emxZ:
Ai gg weKwkZ Kiv/ AiZi n|/ wbgj Kiv, Dj Kiv/ my`i Kiv n|/ RvMZ
Kiv, D`Z Kiv,/ wbfq Kiv n|/ Ai gg weKwkZ Kiv/ AiZi n|/ hy Kiv n
mevi m,/ gy Kiv n e,/ mvi Kiv mKj gg/ kv Zvgvi Q`|/ PiYc gg
wP wbcw`Z Kiv n,/ bw`Z Kiv, bw`Z Kiv,/ bw`Z Kiv n|/ Ai gg weKwkZ
Kiv/ AiZi n|

evwoi mevi ARv iex`bv_, iweevey _K iweVvKzi nq iex`bv_ VvKzi cuQ

Avgv`i evwoZ cek Ki wMqwQjb| fviZxq msweavb jv nevi ci, cvUbvi
mgvRI gZv-bKkvq i`e`j NUwQj; evOvwj`i gaI| cvUbvi evOvwjmgvRi
K` _K we`vq wbwQjb eviv; AbK KjKvZv Avi kvwwbKZb evmv evuaZ
Pj hvwQjb| cvUbvi evgw`i e nq wMqwQj gq`i zj Ges m RvqMvq
Mo DVQ gvKU Kgc| weavbP` ivq cwZwZ Zvui evev-gvqi bvgvwZ
nvZi-KvR kLvi msv ANvi-Kvwgbx we`vjq Qvx I A_i Afve ayK
u Z Avi
KiwQj| BZvga, Kej Avgv`i evwoZB bq, emxZ evOvwj mgvRi
IciZjv _K Pzu q Mwie evOvwj`i gaI Qwoq cowQj|
ivgK gVi cfve, ^vgx weeKvb`i jLv emxZ QvovI, gxivevC, i
bvbK I Kweii fRb Avi e`-Dcwbl` _K wewfb vI emxZ wnme
MvIqv Avi nq wMqwQj cvUbvq| cvUbvi gawe I wbgwe evOvwj evY
cwievijvq, eov RvVv-RwVgvi cRbi KvQ, LvZbvgv eggv`i msev`
cuQvZ Avi KiwQj, hgb RM`xkP` emy, mivwRbx bvBWz, myPZv Kcjvwb,
AiYv Avmd Avwj, ivRbvivqY emy cgyL Avgvi I Avgvi wbKUZg ey myeY
Dcvavq, evix`bv_ I ZiY myii KvQ, Avgv`i evwoi ewea wblaf I
mxgvjNbi bvbv KvRKvievii ga wQj iKW-cqvi iex`mxZ kvbv|

kvkwZKx-90

`wiqvcyii evwoZ ev evixbi evwoZ mevB GKwZ nq bZzg Avgiv| evixb

fvjv MvBZI cviZv| wbRi weqZ evmi NiI iex`mxZ MqwQj evixb|
`eeZ wekvmi Ici iex`mxZ MvBevi wblavv b, myeY Dcvavq (ew`K
evY) ejwQj, evgybiv eggv`i MvbK Akve Ki iLQ, Zv evanq Ui
cq kvwwbKZbi Kviv DuPzRvZwMwi djvQ| myeY, Ai gg weKwkZ Kiv
Mvb PiYc k mcK ejZ, wbivKvii hw` PiYc nq, Zvnj cyiv kixiUv
_vKZ wZ Kx? ejvevj, Ii evev gv eo`v Avgv`i evwoi eq`i Pq
AwZgvvq iYkxj wQjb| Avgv`i cRb kvU-dzjcvU civ i nq MjI,
I`i evwoZ ZLbI ch Abygv`b cvqwb|
cvwYnvwUZI, GKvbeZx cwievi hLb fO Mj, gvgviv mevB GK-GK Avjv`v
nq Mjb, gvwm`i weq nq Mj, `v`y`i cRbi wZivavbi ci, iex`bv_ Zvui
Mvb wbq cek KiwQjb| `vjvb ivLv mvwiq-Zvjv ev iwWIZ, Avi Zvi Ici
emvbv Kji Mvb, IB AvwjKvq ceki myijv NvlYv KiZb iex`bv_, cavbZ
cR gwjKi ev kvw`e Nvli K| iweeveyi Mvb ZZw`b iex`mxZ nq MQ|
MZ KqK `kK wjUj gvMvwRb mcv`Kiv, iex`bv_K wbq, Avgvq Abyiva
KiQb GKUv M` wjL w`Z| Avgvi c iex`bv_K wbq ce-wbe jLv
Ame| Avgvi iex`bv_-cvV, Zvui Mvb b Dcjw Kiv, bZbvU `L `qg
Kiv, Zvui AvuKv Qwe `L wbYq cvuQvbv, KjKvZvi gUv ijhvx`i iex`m`b
kb bvgvi AwfZvi gZb mxwgZ| Ze, `v`v mgxi ivqPayix hLb cvgWvb
ewkmcb GKUv KweZv wjLZ ejwQjb, ZLb Kx welq Kx welq wkivbvg
GB KweZvUv wjLwQjyg:
Avii iex`bv_/ Zvgvi mB Zv bPwQjyg mw`b/ AvOzji BwZnvm GKZvivi nvdevDj
wosovs Zzj/ wd zj wUi RgNU _K m`i wUi jeevRvi/ hZ-hZ Zzwg ejj,
AvgvMv wkjvB`n w_Kv AvmZvwm/ Avjygywb `cZi hvgy/ Avb Avi Rji Zwi Zvgvi
VvuU/ ZLbI GK wPjZ emxZ jMwQj Kx Mig Kx Mig/ MvevwWbi AvjLvjv dj
w`j Qzuo/ `Ljyg Zvgvi dmv Mvq RvuK aiQ/ eov RvuK elvi RvovmvuKvq/ mwjgi
`vKvb wkKKvevei M/ bojv Kx ivZvm ? RvbZ PvBj/ I ejj, bv eySjyu ?
lvuoK Qvjb Q !/ Avnuv `Luy bv PLK/ Pvqi VK UvKgv_v PzUwK-`vwo/ fvw`wgi BwjP Avi
mvbvwjPzj fiv Bfvbvfv RvmywjP/ Avi Zvgvi gZb icvwj `vwoZ Avji` Avi
gviZf/ hvi Mvj Avcbv-Avcwb KvucwQj `L Zzwg ejj/ Dqv`i aojv Kz_vq ?/ Avwg
Avgvi bvP/ _vgvZ cviwQjyg bv ej Zzwg wbRi GKZvivUv w`Z PvBj/ Kbbv Zvgvi cv
_K bvP h ciQ Lyj wbq MQ/ Avi GLb Zv w`bi ejvI jvBUcv nvjvRb
Rj/ Kx Avb` Kx Avb`/ m`i wUi eviv`vq/ Zvgvi wZb VO PqviLvbv co AvQ/
ovwo cg KiZ wMq cvqv fO djwQj/ ZvwiL-mb jLv AvQ RxebwZZ/ Kx
fvjvevmv Kx fvjvevmv/ Zvgvi wdUbMvwoi Nvov Zv/ KvwKji gZb WvKQ `v`y
iex`bv_/ Avi Zvgvi exhi iwj _K KZRb h cq`v nqwQj/ gvwU _K Qvjv fvRv
Zzj LvQ/ Ijv Kx ? Avwg ejjyg, KvK|/ Ijvi Kx Kq ? Avwg ejjyg, mwjgKB
wRMm Kiv/ I GB Aj Zvjv Av`vq Ki|/ Kx Hkh Kx Hkh|

kvkwZKx-91

gvmy` ingvb

iex`bv_i A_fvebv : ZvwK chvq

BQ KiB GKUv _K wkivbvg `Iqv Mj| eYmeZ
^ vi GB hyM AbKB
fveeb, eva Kwi UvKv-cqmvi mgmvq iex`bv_i weeZ nIqv wbq Avgiv
AvjvPbvq emwQ| ZvQvov Avgv`i meviB Rvbv AvQ, Rwg`vib`b njI
iex`bv_KI A_K coZ nqQ evisevi| evev `e`bv_ wnme Ki UvKv
w`Zb; gvmvnviv wbw` wQj| Avi wewfb Kgcj h LiPvw` nZv ZviI UvKvAvbv-cvB Y wjL ivLZv Mvgv-miKvi| bvej cyivii AZvjv UvKv
MvgxY evsKi duv` co nvIqv nq wMqwQj| GQvov RvgvB bM`bv_i A_
ZQicI iex`bv_K wecvK djwQj| bvn&, Avgiv mme UvKv-Kwoi wnme wbq
ewmwb| mUv GB KviYI fe bqv hZ cvi h, cii cqmvi wbKk Avgvi
KvR Kx? Avgiv K_vi gvb hvK ej wKbv kv_ m mK iex`bv_i fvebv I
Kgi cwiPq be| GB weklY Avgv`iI hvq-Avm eU, KviY AvgivI fvlv
eenvi Ki _vwK| m A_ Avgv`i G-mwKZ AvjvPbvq AwaKvi AvQ| Ze
AvjvPbvq AwaKvi ejZ Avevi h mswk welq wekl nIqvi ebv _vK, m
A_ `vwe KiwQ bv|
Zv GK_vwU GZv Nywiq ejv Kb? GRbB h, AveviI gb Kwiq `qv, A_
(UvKv-cqmv) Ab_ NUvq ej cev` AvQ, wK kv_I Zv cvi, KviY Zvi iqQ
wfbv_, Abv_, evPv_, jv_, ev_, gyLv_, evcKv_ BZvw`| GKwU fvlvi GKwU
kiB GZvme eenvi `Lv hZ cvi| Avevi GKB awb viv Zwi kI wfb
fvlvq Zv eUB, GKB fvlvi Dcfvlv ev AvwjK fvlvq cwfb A_ ch
y nZ cvi|
ki A_i GB gvwnbx igYxmyjf GKB A GZ ic Ges bIj wKkvii gZv
m`vPj PvwiwK ewk `L ew`b fvlvwevbxiv A_K AvjvPbvi welq wnmeB
Mvn Kib wb| ZviciI fvlvi jB hLvb A_cKvk, mLvb KZvw`b Avi Zvi
AvjvPbv bv Ki cviv hvq| ^xKvi Ki wbZ nqQ fvlvi wZbwU A evK, k I
awbi evBi AviKwU A iqQ Avi Zv njv A_| GB PviwU Ai cviwiK
mKi KviYB Zv fvlv m~YZv cvq, KvhKi nq|
fvlvK GB Pvi-kvLvq AvjvPbv Kiv nq _vK eZgvb hyMi fvlvZ, A_vr
mvsMVwbK ev eYbvg~jK cwZZ| GB cwZwU GKevi bZzbI bq| eZ AvR
_K AvovB nvRvi eQi AvM GB fviZel cvwYwb cgyL h fvlvPPv KiwQjb, Zv
eYbvg~jK fvlvwevbiB Avw`ic| Ze AvaywbKKvj Zzjbvg~jK I HwZnvwmK
cwZi cviwiK cqvMi hyM kl nIqvi ci A_vr hLb wKbv GKwU wbw` ev wfb
wfb fvlvi ki Avw`ic hvIqv ev cybMVb Kiv Avi me nq bv, Zgb Kvb
Dcv Aewk _vK wb, ZLbB Zzjbvg~jK-HwZnvwmK fvlvwevbi hyM Qvwoq
eYbvg~jK fvlvwevbi hyM bZzb Ki cek fvlvZi| iex`bv_K `wL fvlv
mwKZ me aibi wPv-PPvi mv_ cwiwPZ wQjb Ges AvaywbK `wfwZ
wbRfvlvK weklY KiQb, gvZfvlvi cKvki mxgvK evovbvi e`ve KiQb|

kvkwZKx-92

wZwb fvlvZi c_g I cavb kvLv A_vr awb ev DPviY wbq hgb K_v ejQb,
Zgwb A_ cmI GmQ Zuvi fvlvwelqK AvjvPbvq|
GLvb A_ kUvi AviKUz wewnZ Kiv `iKvi| fvlvwevbi A_welqK
kvLvK BsiwRZ ejv nq Semantics| evsjvq bvbv gywb bvbv cwifvlv KiQb Gi|
A_ ejZ hnZz wei fvebv AvmZ cvi, ZvB AbK GK kv_ Z ejZ
PqQb| Abci hywMvn ee, ay kK K` KiB fvlvq A_ cKvwkZ nq
bv| evKi myi, awbY, ^ifw BZvw` wgj evi gbvfve e nq| KvRB evK
ev K_vi A_ weePbv Ki wZxqci `vwe evMv_| G `vwe Mvn Ki Avgiv
iex`bv_i evMv_fvebvi ^icmvb Kiev|
iex`bv_i fvlvmwKZ jLvjwLi cwigvY ek Kg ejB gb nq| `yUv
cyK cvB Avgiv| evsjv fvlv-cwiPq xYKvq M| AciwU AcvKZ eov
Kjeii; bvgevsjv kZ| Ze Gi evBi Zuvi bvbv ce I mRb mvwnZI
bvbvm~ evMv_ cm GmQ| fvebvi ^Zt~Z cKvk wnme mjvi iZI Kg
bq| Avgiv mme AskI Pqb Ki iex`bv_i evMv_fvebvi c~Y Qwe cZ PvBe|
iex`bv_i evM_wevbi ZvwK chvqwU cvB g~jZ mRbkxj iPbvq AbKUv
Awfcagx ge| cvmwKZv wnme `wL AcKvki fvi| GZveov GKRb
mvwnZwkxhuvi iPbv mnhvMB Avgiv Avgv`i ewK-mvgvwRK-ivwK GgbwK
ewkK fve-fvebv cKvk Ki AvmwQ wZwbB cvqk AZw cKvk KiQb fvlvi
mxgveZvi KviY| A_i GB mxgveZv QvovI _KZv, kwekli Avbyf~wZK
A_, A_i cwieZbag, GKB ki mgqi cwigvq A_i msKvPb-cmviYmsg BZvw` evM_wevbi ZvwK AvjvPbvi welq| A_ KvK ej GB wbqB
cvi ci cv wjL MQb mswk cwZeM| hgb, K.wm.AMWb I AvB.G.wiPvWm
The Meaning of Meaning (1923) bvgB GKwU cyiv eB wjLwQjb, hLvb A_i
msv wQj evBkwU, hvi gvag GUvB cgvY KiZ PqQb h A_i mywbw` I
Amsevw`Z A_ bB| A_i mv_ ki ev evKvski h Awb`k mK
iex`bv_i PvL mwU aiv cowQj weklfve| hKviY ejQb cybi
KvgjMvvi KweZvi iZ :
bvg iLwQ KvgjMvvi/ gb gb|/ hw` Kvb hZ AevK nq _vKZ em,/ ejZ nm
gvb Kx|/gvb wKQyB hvq bv evSv mB gvbUvB LuvwU|

A_ msv GKB aibi ge iqQ GKB KveMi fxi kxlK KweZvq|

gvwUKzjkbi Qv emyPZzi eUK
GKw`b Kx KviY/ mybxZK w`qwQj Dcvwa cignsm ej|/ g mUv nj cvwZnuvm|/
klKvj nj nuvmLvwj/ Kvbv Zvi A_ bB, mB Zvi LuvPv|

Ze Kx A_i mv_KZv bB ej gb Kib iex`bv_? eZ Zv bq, A_

AbKmgqB cKvkK mxwgZ Ki `q, fveK cyiv Zzj aiZ cvi bvGgbwUB
Zuvi ee| `LQb, bv cvi eySvZ Avcwb bv eyS/ gvbyl wdwiQ K_v Luy R LuyR
(cyivi, mvbvi Zix)| GB KweZvq wKQy ci wbR `vwqZ wbqwQjb eU, wKQy
NyPvBe mB evKzjZv/ wKQy wgUvBe cKvki e_v wK wbRB msKU co ejQb:

kvkwZKx-93

hvnv wKQy ewj AvwR me e_v nq,/ gb ej gv_v bvwoG bq, G bq|/ h K_vq cvY gvi
cwic~YZ
g/ m K_v evR bv Kb G exYvq gg| (gb, PZvwj)

G-msKU wK k^Zvi KviY? bv, GKRb evM_ZvwKi gZvB `LQb mgqi

cwigvq, eenvii cbtcywbKZvq ki A_f`x wbkvbvkw Kg Avm|
ejwQjb fvlv I Q` KweZvq :
gvbyli fvlvUzKz A_ w`q e Pvwiavi/ Nyi gvbyli PZzw`K| AweiZ ivww`b/ gvbei
cqvRb cvY Zvi nq Avm xY|
evYxi GB weeZb mK klRxeb ejQb, eY kvPbxq nvq Zvi Pq/ GK Kvj
hvnv ic cq / Kvj Kvj A_nxbZvq/ gk wgjvq (9 bs KweZv kl jLv)|

GQvov A_i AviK mgmv nQ, cvqk m Awfav kw ev evPv_ Qvwoq

jv_ MnY Ki| wK ZvZ KLbv KLbv Kviv Avcw _vKZB cvi| hgb wQj
m~ wePvi bvUKi PxPiYi| bvUKi iZ Kejivgi mv_ Zvi K_vcK_bi
wKQy Ask cov hvK :
Kejivg| gkvq, fvjv AvQb ?
PxPiY| fvjv AvQb gvb Kx?
Kejivg| A_vr my AvQb|
PxPiY| ^v KvK ej?
Kejivg| Avwg wRvmv KiwQjg, gkvqi kixi-MwZK
PxPiY| Ze ZvB ejv| Avgvi kixi Kgb AvQ RvbZ PvI| Ze Kb
wRvmv KiwQj Avwg Kgb AvwQ? Avwg Kgb AvwQ Avi Avgvi kixi Kgb AvQ
wK GKB nj?

G-Mj ki AvwiK ev Avw` A_ ai Acii mv_ ZK| wK eKzi LvZv

cnmbi Awebvk wbRB wbRi evK wbq msKU cowQj| msKUgvPbi Rb m
cqvRb AvwiK A_i AmsMwZ gb wbqI gbi fve cKvk Zrci nqwQj|
NUbvwU njv Awebvk gbvigvK GKwU AvswU Dcnvi w`Z Pvq| Ze Kx wjL cvVve
mB wbq mgmv| c_g jL `exc`Zj wegy fi c~Rvcnvi| wK Zvici
mgmvq co c`Zj kUv LvUQ bv ej, KviY DcnviUv Zv AvswU| Avevi KiZj
wjLj c~Rvcnvi egvbvb nq hvq| ay Dcnvi kwUI gbi fve cK fve cKvk
KiZ cviQ bv ej Awebvki gb nq| K`vi civgk `q cYqvcnvi wjLZ
m mgmv euvavq `ex kwU| GBme RwUjZv cgvY Ki Avgiv A_i mv_
awbiI GKUv mvgm PvB| iex`bv_I ZvB PqQb Lye Ki|
Dchy
bgybvivwR mRbmvwnZi ej wkxi KbvjZvi z`K
m
z gy ej gb
Kivi KviY bB| evM_wevb A_cK
vki GB mgmvjvKB wPwZ KiQb
cwZiv| iex`bv_ Aek Zuvi gbbagx iPbvZI G-RvZxq AvjvPbv Ki Zuvi
evM_-fvebv ck KiQb| hgb, cf~Z Mi M` I c` ce wjLQb :
...wewZ RvwMqv IV Ggb GKUv K_v eenvi Kwij wbZ eov AmsMwZ eva nq|
A_P K_vUv wbZv Ag~jK bn| AZxZ Rxebi h mKj kZ mnm wZ ^vZ cwinvi
Kwiqv GKvKvi nBqvQ, hvnv`i cZKK c_K Kwiqv wPwbevi Rv bvB, Avgv`i
`qi PZb gnv`ki PZyw`K eb Kwiqv hvnvi wewZgnvmvMiic wb nBqv
kqvb AvQ, Zvnviv Kvbv Kvbv mgq P`v`q ev `wYi evqyeM GKm Pj I
ZiwZ nBqv DV, ZLb Avgv`i PZb `q mB wewZZii AvNvZ-cwZNvZ
kvkwZKx-94

Abyfe KwiZ _vK, Zvnv`i inmc~Y AMva AwZ Dcj nq, mB gnvweZ
AwZweZ wecyjZvi GKZvb `bawb wbZ cvIqv hvq|

GB inmc~Y AMva AwZ Dcj nIqvi Rb cvqkB AvwiK A_i mxgv Qvwoq
hZ nq Avgv`i| iex`bv_ G vb I fvei fvlvi ga kv_i
ecixZawgZv eenvi j Ki ejQb vbi fvlvq PvB A_; fvei fvlvq
PvB Bkviv, nqZv A_ euvKv Ki w`q| evsjv fvlv-cwiPq M K_vwU evLv
KiZ hq ejb :
fvjv jvMv evSvZ Kwe ejjb, cvlvY wgjvq hvq Mvqi evZvm| ejjb, Xj Xj
KuvPv Ai jvewY Aebx ewnqv hvq| GLvb K_vjvi wVK gvb wbj cvMjvwg nq
`uvove| K_vjv hw` wevbi eBq _vKZ Zvnj eySZzg, wevbx bZzb Avwevi
KiQb Ggb GKUv `wnK nvIqv hvi ivmvqwbK wqvq cv_i KwVb _vKZ cvi bv,
Mvmic nq A`k| wKsev Kvbv gvbyli kixi Ggb GKwU iwk cvIqv MQ hvi bvg
`Iqv nqQ jvewY, cw_exi Uvb hvi wewKiY gvwUi Dci w`q Qwoq hZ _vK|
ki A_K GKv wekvm Kij GBiKg GKUv evLv Qvov Dcvq _vK bv| wK G-h
cKZ NUbvi K_v bq, G-h gb-nq-hbi K_v| k Zix nqQ wVKUv-Kx Rvbvevi
Rb; mBRb wVK-hb-Kx ejZ Mj Zvi A_K evovZ nq, euvKvZ nq| wVK-hbKxi fvlv Awfavb eua `Iqv bB, ZvB mvaviY fvlv w`qB KweK Kkj KvR
PvjvZ nq| ZvKB ejv nq KweZ| eZ Kwe GZ eo RvqMv cqQ Zvi cavb KviY,
fvlvi k Kej Avcb mv`v A_ w`q me fve cKvk KiZ cvi bv| ZvB Kwe jveY
ki h_v_ msv ZvM Ki evwbq ejjb, hb jveY GKUv Sibv, kixi _K Si
co gvwUZ| K_vi A_UvK m~Y b Ki w`q G njv evKzjZv; GZ ejvi m
mB ejv nQ ejZ cviwQ b| GB AwbePbxqZvi myhvM wbq bvbv Kwe bvbv iKg
AZywi Pv Ki | myhvM bq Zv Kx; hvK ejv hvq bv ZvK ejevi myhvMB Kwei
mfvM| GB myhvMB KD jveYK dzji m Zzjbv KiZ cvi, KD ev wbtk
exYvawbi m AmsMwZK Aviv e `~i Ub wbq jveYK Kwe h jvewY ejQb
mI GKUv AaxiZv| cPwjZ kK AcPwjZi Pnviv w`q fvlvi AvwfavwbK
mxgvbvK Awbw`fve evwoq `Iqv nj|
Abyfe-Dcjw GZvUvB AvZMZ evcvi h AbKmgq A_i `iKviB co bv| awbUvB
KvR Ki `q| GfveI ejv Pj, awb hw` ev wKQyUv evSvZ cvi, Zv A_ dj `q
wevwZ| dvybx bvUK GgbUvB eywSqQb| mLvb gnvivRi `ievi hgb AvQ
kwZf~lY, Zgwb AvQ KwekLi| gnvivR ej, In KwekLi, Avgvi Kx gykwKj
nqQ Rvbv| Zvgvi K_v Avwg GK we`ywemMI eySZ cvwi b, A_P Zvgvi myiUv
Avgvi eyK wMq evR| Avi kwZf~lYi wVK Zvi Dv; Zvi K_vjv LyeB evSv
hvq n evKiYi mI gj wK myiUv m Kx Avi eje| KwekLii cZyi,
gnvivR, Avgv`i K_v Zv evSevi Rb nq wb, evRevi Rb nqQ|

GZv Mj GK gnvivRi ge| mvbvi Zix Kvei wns wUs QU KvwnwbKweZvq

`Lv hvq ivRv neyP` a~y bq AgvZeMI awbgvnvZ gvwnZ nqQ| ivRv A~Z GK
^c `LwQj| AvMvMvov AmsjM mB ^c`ki klchvq e` Kvb Kvb
ejwns wUs QU| GB ^c I K_vUvi A_ Rvbvi Rb wewfb `k _K wewfb gvMi
cwZ Avbv nq| Zviv KD gbvgZ A_ ejZ cvi bv| gvb hv ej Zv ivRv I
AgvZiv wekvm KiZ AcviM| hgb, G wQj ay ^c, Gi Kvbv A_ bB Ggb
ge mevB i nq| kl Moxq GK mvay Rvbvq, wbZv mij A_, AwZ cwivi|
kvkwZKx-95

Zvici h evLv c`vb Ki Zv GKevi gv_vgyny xb, AbKUv iex`bv_i GKwU

Mvbi c_g Kwji gZv AbK K_v hvI h ewj Kvbv K_v bv ewj h_v: ^Ki
wbqb wKvj wY/ kwf` ewf` wY weY| weeZb AveZb m^Zb Avw`/
Rxekw wkekw Ki wem^vw`/ AvKlY weKlY cyil cKw Z/ AvYe P^Kej AvKwZ
weKwZ|/ KzkvM cengvb RxevZwe`yr/ aviYv cigv kw m_vq DZ
~ BZvw`| Avi
eySZ bv ciB mvay mvay mvay ie Kuvc Pvwi avi,/ me ej cwivi AwZ
cwivi|/ `yeva hv wKQy wQj nq Mj Rj/ k~b AvKvki gZv AZ wbgj| GB
AvcvZ eg~jK iPbvi AwbwnZ A_ GB nIqv me h, awb wbRB A_gqZv mw
Ki| evsjv abvZK ki AvjvPbvq G-KviYB ejwQjb, ...awbewP GZ
mnR GZ eYbv-ewPi AeZviYv KwiZ cvi h, Zvnv A_e k viv cKvk Kiv
`ytmva (evsjv kZ)| Aek Zvi AvM ZvK nZ nq myigq| Moxq mvay
myimnhvMB A_nxb ^ci Aviv A_nxb evLv KiwQj| GLvb myi ejZ Avgiv
evKi myii K_v ejwQ| GKB awbRvZ evK ay myii KviYB cwfb A_ c`vb Ki
GZv Avgiv wbZB `wL| hgb Zzwg wK/Kx LqQ ejvi myiB evSv hve Av`
LvIqv nqQ, bvwK Kvb Lv` LvIqv nqQ Zv RvbZ PvIqv nQ| Aviv gb
KiZ cvwi gNbv`ea Kve cgxjvi mB ecwVZ Dw Avwg wK WivB mwL wfLvwi
ivNe mUv h mwLi KvQ ck wQj bv, wQj Avcb ZRw^Zvi D`v cKvk Zv eov
| A_cK
vki GBgZ aviv j Ki iex`bv_ Q` M ejb, ay K_v hLb
Lvov `uvwoq _vK ZLb Kejgv A_K cKvk Ki| wK mB K_vK hLb ZxhK
fw I wekl MwZ `Ihv hvq ZLb m Avcb A_i Pq AviI wKQy ewk cKvk Ki|
m ewkUzKz h Kx Zv ejvB k|
GB ZxhK fw gvbB myi, hwU Qvov cZvwkZ A_wU cKvwkZ nq bv| iex`bv_
K_v I myii GB Avw ici K_v ejQb msMxZ I KweZv ce :
Avgv`i fvecKvki `ywU DcKiY AvQ K_v I myi| K_vI hZLvwb fve cKvk Ki,
myiI cvq ZZLvwb fve cKvk Ki| Ggb-wK, myii DciB K_vi fve wbfi Ki| GKB
K_v bvbv myi bvbv A_ cKvk Ki| AZGe fvecKvki Ai ga K_v I myi
DfqKB cvkvcvwk aiv hvBZ cvi|

evK I Zvi A_i GiKg bvbv Pvwi-cwiPq iex`bv_i iPbvq cvc, hv

evM_wevbi Avw`-Avmj me cyK gj| mvwnZwkx wnme Zv eUB, AvaywbK
cv evM_we`i `wZI Gme kbv KiZ ciwQjb| mB Awfvbi eenvwiK
chvqI iqQ| ejvevj, Zv evsjv fvlvq| eqvKiY ev fvlvZvwK bB, evDji
gZv fvlvi c_ NyiwQ gv BZvKvi webq c`kbc~eK
evsjv kZ I evsjv
fvlv-cwiPq-G abvZK k, kZ, cwifvlv, kv_ wbq h AvjvPbv KiQb,
Zv AvaywbK evsjvi c_g evM_wevbagx AvjvPbv I Avwevi ej gb wbqQb
mybxwZKzgvi Pvcvavq, gyn` Ave`yj nvBqi gZv fvlvwevbx| mB eenvwiK
cvVi AvjvPbv-chvjvPbv nZ cvi Ab cwimi|

kvkwZKx-96

Avngv` gvhnvi

Avgv`i `ytmgqi I ibmuvmi iex`bv_

cvwKvb Avgj iex`bv_ evOvwji KvQ, AviI wbw` Ki ejj evOvwj-gymjgvb
gawei KvQ weklfve cvmwK nq DVwQjb| evsjvfvlvi mwkxj gnr cwZfv
wnme iex`bv_ h evOvwjgvi KvQB cvmwK _vKeb Zv Lye ^vfvweK| wK
cvwKvwb Avgj eve Zv wQj bv| KviY ewUk Dcwbek _K gywi h AvKvv
mvgwMK A_ evsjvfvlv-wfwK RvwZi gaB RM DVwQj cvwKvb Av`vjb ZvK
wef KiwQj `yB fvM| cvwKvb ivK evsjvi gymjgvb gb KiwQj Zv`i
wbR^ A_bwZK I mvswZK gywi Dcvq| wK Zv`i gymjgvwbZ h cvwKvb
ivi bvMwiK wnme Zv`i A_bwZK AwaKvi cvIqvi cwieZ GKevi Zv`i
evOvwjZi A_vr AwZi Mvov ai Uvb gvie Ges Zv`i AR Aevq dj
ivLe Zv c~e-evsjvi gymjgvbiv wVK Kbv KiZ cvi wb| A_bwZK wblYi
AMZ cwZwqvq fvlvi ck ZiY Qviv Av`vjb Ki Dwbk kv AvUPwjk I
evqvbvZ cvwKvwb kvmK MvxK Kuvwcq `q| GiB mxebxZ Pyqvbi mvaviY
wbevPb evOvwjiv Rqjvf Ki| ivcwiPvjbvq bZzb Rxeb`wi AbyK~j miKvi
cwZv Ki cwgv kvmK MvxK mvgvb weg~p KiZ mg njI AvBqye Lvb
mvgwiK kvmb Rvwii ga w`q evOvwj`i cwZ Zviv bZzb Ki i Ki wblY|
c~eevsjvi gvbyli Ici Pvwcq `qv cvwKvwb kvmKPi A_bwZK elgi
wei Kwe-mvwnwZK-wkx ev eywRxexMY wK c_g AvBqyex kvmbi wei Zgb
GKUv cwZev`x nq IVb wb| Gi GKUv KviY mgvRi AMmi gvbyl wnme ivxq
elg Zv`i k Ki wb Zgbfve| eis mgvRi eywRxex kYxK G-mgq
AbKUv wbxqB nq coZ `Lv hvq| bvkbvj eyiv Ae wiKUvKkb bvg GKwU
mvswZK cwZvb Pvjy Ki mB cwZvbi c _K bvbvfve Avw_K myweavw` w`q
`ki mwkxj jLK-eywRxex`i w`K _K weivwaZvi mvebvK `xNKvj VwKq
ivLZI mg nqwQj AvBqye Lvbi bZZvaxb ZrKvjxb miKvi| wK hLb ejv
nj cvwKvb ivi ^v_ iex`bv_K eRb KiZ ne ZLb c~e-evsjvi jLK
eywRxexMY wecb eva KiZ i Kijb| Zuviv Abyfe Kijb Zuv`i AwZi
msKUK| GB msKU evcK nq IV 1965 mvj, hLb cvK-fviZ hykl cvwK
vbi AvBqyex miKvi fviZ _K cyK
Avg`wb wbwl Ki ZLb _K| evsjvfvlv I
mvwnZi weivU Ask _K c~e-evsjvi evOvwj`i ewZ ivLevi miKvwi Awfcvq
GZ KvR KiwQj| fviZxq m` eRbi m m iex`bv_K MnY-eRb wbq
msKU AviI Nbxf~Z nq| Gi AvM 1961 mvj cvwKvb miKvii weivwaZv mI
GiB cwZwqvekZ ZrKvjxb c~e-cvwKvb, evsjv`k iex`kZevwlKx mvo^iB
D`&hvwcZ nqwQj| iex`kZevwlKx D`&hvcbi Ask wnmeB wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi
mvw`Z mgKvj cwKv iex`bv_K wbq cKvk KiwQj GKwU wekl msLv [iex`
RbkZevwlKx msLv, PZz_ el beg msLv, ekvL 1368]| eB cKvk mn [hgb: iwe
cwigv (1963), gvdvj nvq`vi Payix] LvwbKUv evcKZv jvf KiwQj

kvkwZKx-97

iex`bv_ welq bvbvgyLx PPv| wK Zv mI iex`PPvi GKUv mwwjZ ^ii

AvKvv XvKvKw`K evOvwj-gymjgvb gawe-mgvRi ga `Lv wMqwQj| ejv
hvq Avwbmyvgvb mvw`Z iex`PPvi msKjb iex`bv_ [1968, XvKv] ZviB dj|
wK Kb cvwKvbi Afy evOvwj-gymjgvbi ga GB aibi AvKvvi Rb wbj
m cki Di ejv hvq h, m-mgq cMwZkxj Amvc`vwqK PZbvi wkwZ
gvbyli KvQ iex`bv_ wbR`i wecbZvi cZxK nq DVwQjb ej Zuvi gnK
cPvi Kiv Zuv`i c wQj Riwi| KviY mvsw ZK w`K _K GK aibi AwjwLZ
gbvRvMwZK AeivaI m-mgqi Amvc`vwqK PZbvi mvwnwZK-eywRxexMY
Abyfe KiwQjb| miKvi iex`msMxZi cPvi wbwl Kivq Zuv`i gbvRMZ NU
hvIqv GB Aei cwiwwZi Pvc AviI eo hvq|
Avwbmyvgvb mvw`Z iex`PPvi msKjb iex`bv_-Gi cUf~wg Abymvb
KiZ Mj `Lv hve h, ZrKvjxb cvwKvb miKvii c~ev iex`-weivwaZvB
Gi DrmMZ cavbZg ciYv| 1967 mvji 22 Ryb cvwKvbi RvZxq msm` Z_
I eZvi gx LvRv kvnveyxb GKRb mvsm`i GK ckvi Rvbvb h, cvwKvbi
eZvi-wUwfZ cvwKvbi mvswZK g~jevai cwicx iex`msMxZ cPvi Kiv ne
bv Ges G aibi AviI Abvb Mvbi cPviI Kwgq `qv ne| `yB w`b ci 24 Ryb
G msv msev` cPvwiZ nq RvZxq `wbK msev`c `wbK cvwKvb-G| msev`i
wkivbvg wQj iwWI cvwKvb _K iex`msMxZ cPvwiZ ne bv| GB wmvi
wei 19 Rb1 mvwnwZK I mvsw ZK ewZ GK weewZ cPvi Kib| weewZZ ejv
nqwQj h,
Avgiv GB wmv AZ `ytLRbK ewjqv gb Kwi| iex`bv_i mvwnZ
evsjvfvlvK h Hkh `vb KwiqvQ, Zvnvi mxZ Avgv`i Abyfw~ ZK h MfxiZv I
ZxZv `vb KwiqvQ, Zvnv iex`bv_i evsjvfvlx cvwKvbx`i mvswZK mvi
AweQ` Ask cwiYZ KwiqvQ| miKvix bxwZ wbaviYi mgq GB mZi iZK
h_vchy ghv`v `vb Kiv Acwinvh|2
weewZZ DwjwLZ fvl _K mnRB Abyfe Kiv hvq h, gawe evOvwj
gymjgvbi mvswZK wecbZv eva _K gy nevi Awfcvq m-mgq iex`PPv
GKUv gvag wnme weewPZ nZ i KiwQj| ZvB ejv hvq mvgwMK A_ GB
Abyfw~ ZiB cKvk wQj iex`bv_ msKjbwU| Gevi `L bqv hvK GZ Afy
iPbvi wkivbvgmg~n I jLK ZvwjKv :
gigx iex`bv_/ gyn` knx`yjvn&;
iex`-wZ/ Rmxg D`&`xb;
fvlvZvwK iex`bv_/ gyn` Ave`yj nvB;
wkvmgmv I iex`bv_i wPv/ gynv` Ky`ivZ-G-Ly`v;
iex`-mvwnZ `vkwbK PZbv/ Aveyj dRj;
b`bZvwK iex`bv_/ kIKZ Imgvb;
iex`bv_ : Zvui wkmvwnZZi weYx/ Ave`yj gvbvb mq`;
iex`-msMxZ/ KvRx gvZvnvi nvmb;
m`heyw I iex`-gbxlv/ Avng` kixd;
iex`bv_i MYmPZbZvi ^ic/ Mvjvg gyiwk`;
kvkwZKx-98

iex`bv_i ag/ gvdvj nvq`vi Payix;

iex`bv_ I jvKmvwnZ/ ghnvij Bmjvg;
iex`bv_/ Ave`yj Kvw`i;
iex`mvwnZ g~jvqbi mgmv/ RvwZgq nVvKyiZv;
evsjv Kve g~jevai weeZb : iex`bv_/ nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb;
iex`bv_i KweZvi BsiwR icvi/ Kexi Payix;
BqU&m I iex`bv_/ mviIqvi gyiwk`;
iex`bv_i bvUK : Dcjwi icvi/ gybxi Payix;
wZb bvix : webvw`bx, bw`bx I Kygyw`bx/ bxwjgv Bevwng;
iex`bv_i QvUM : kl chvq/ Avbvqvi cvkv;
iex`bv_i wPKjvi ^ic/ mvl ;
iex`mxZ, wkx I kvZv/ mb&Rx`v LvZyb;
`yB heb K kvwYZ/ nvqvr gvgy`;
bZyb Ki iex`PPv/ kvgmyi ivngvb;
iex`v_i mswZ-mvabv/ Avng` Qdv;
iex`bv_ I c~e cvwKvb/ iwdKyj Bmjvg;
iex`bv_i KweZvi Q`/ gvnv` gwbivgvb;
iex`Kve cieZx cwieZb/ AwRZKygvi n;
gvev`x `wZ iex`bv_/ iYk `vk;
iex`bv_i mgvRwPv : GKwU w`K/ Avwbmyvgvb|

GB msKjbi m~wPci w`K ZvKvj mnRB jYxq h, iex`-cwZfvi kxlKB

GLvb mvb Kiv nqQ| Kej Zuvi Kwemv bq, Zuvi mew`K Avjv dj `Lvi
Pv Kiv nqQ| gvv K_v Zuvi Ae`vbi ewP I wecyjZv mvbI GB msKjbi
AbZg Avi| GB weivUZi, gni mvb KiZ mB mgqi mwq LvZbvgv cvq
mKj mvwnwZK GLvb Ask wbqQb| jLK ZvwjKvi kxl`k iqQb gyn`
knx`yjvn, meZ GwUB Zuvi kl iPbv, Avi meKwb Avng` Qdv, GB msKjb
cKvki iZ c_g huviv Abyfe KiwQjb Zuv`i GKRb| Avng` Qdv Ges KvRx
wmivR [Zuvi KvbI jLv Aek GB msKjb bB] AvwbmyvgvbK GB aibi GKwU
msKjb mv`bvi Rb Dy Kib| ay ZvB bq mKvji AbZg AMYx cKvkbv
msv yWU IqR-Gi ^ZvwaKvix gvnv` Iwn`yjvn-Gi m Zuvi hvMvhvMI
NwUq w`qwQjb| Dy KiQb cKvkKKI! Avng` Qdv hgb mwkxjZvq ZgbB
ivRbwZK DcjwZ wQjb mgKvjxb Ab jLK-mvwnwZK`i Pq AMmi| wQjb
mvsMVwbK ciYvq DxwcZ| ejZ Mj evOvwj gymjgvb mgvR GB me Abyfei
cejZv m-mgq ch wQj Af~Zc~e| wZwb AMmi PZbvi AwaKvix ejB GB aibi
GKwU msKjbi iZ Mfxifve Abyfe KiZ ciwQjb| Avi GI Abyfe KiZ
ciwQjb h Ggb GKwU KvRi Rb Dchy ewwUi bvg Avwbmyvgvb|
ejvevj Avwbmyvgvb AZ hvMZvi m GB PZbvi evevqb NUvZ
ciwQjb| cqvRbxq welqvewji m mwKZ eweMK GK KiZ
ciwQjb A_vr ciwQjb cMwZPZbvi jLK`iK Rov KiZ|
iex`bv_ wQjb BnRvMwZK PZbvi gvbyl| gbylZB Zuvi wk I gbbRMZi

kvkwZKx-99

K`xq weePbv| m-KviY ZuvK ejv hvq ibmuvm-gvbe| wek kZK evsjvi
gymjgvb mgvRI ibmuvmi gvbweK PZbvq DxweZ nq EVwQj| mvwnZ I
wkKjv nq DVwQj Zv`i AvMni e| iex`bv_KI Zviv mvb KiZ PqQb
ibmvumi mB BnRvMwZK-gvbweK `wKvY _KB| Avwbmyvgvbi f~wgKvqI
LvwbKUv Abfve Avgiv mB fvebviB cwZdjb `LZ cvB| wZwb ejQb,
iex`bv_ mK G `ki I GKvji fvebvi h ^vi G eBZ aiv coQ, Zvi GKUv
wekl g~j AvQ| ...G eBZ iex`mvabvi c~Yv cwiPq aiv coQ, Ggb `vwe Kivi
KviY bB| Ze iex`bv_i K_v ejZ wMq msKjbi jLKiv Zuvi KweZv I bvUK,
Dcbvm I QvUM, msMxZ I wPKjvi AvjvPbv KiQb; Zuvi AavZfvebv I mgvRwPv,
`kb I agPZbv, mvwnZZZ I m`heva, ew`q I cgvbyf~wZ, g~jeva I MYmPZbZv, fvlvZZ-PPv I wkvwelqK wPvi cwiPq `evi cqvm cqQb|

AviI cwivi Ki wZwb ejQb,

`kx-we`kx mvwnZ-mswZi m Zuvi mKi ^ic Kx, Abyev` Zuvi Kvei Av^v`
Kgb, Zuvi mvwnZi g~jvqbi mgmv Kx, Zuvi mvwnZmwZ c~e-cvwKvbi gvbyl I
cKwZ Kx ciYv w`qQ Ges c~e-cvwKvbi mvwnZPPvq wZwb Kx ciYv w`Qb, Gme
K_vI GB msKjbi wewfb ce ejv nqQ|

iex`bv_ msKjbwU hLb cKvwkZ nqwQj bvixev` ZLbI evsjv`k Zv bqB DbZ
wekI h_ Zv cvq wb, wK GB msKjb bxwjgv Bevnxgi jLv GB `wfwi
iPbv vb cqQ| iex`bv_i wPKjv wbq ZrKvjxb c~e-evsjvq meZ GB
msKjb Afy mvl i jLvwUB c_g iPbv| evg ivRbxwZi `wKvY _K
cwge iex`wePvi PjjI c~ee vsjvq Zvi XD Zgb jvM wb| iYk `vki
jLvwUB meZ GB avivq cw_Kr vbxq| Avwbmyvgvb h m-mgq GBme w`KI
`w ivLZ ciQb mRb Zuvi GB KwK Avjv`vfve wPwZ KiZ ne| Ze
GB eBqi ga w`q cKvwkZ iex`wePvii mviK_v nQ iex`bv_K GLvb Kej
gy`wiB weeP| GgbKx iex`bv_i bvbv mxgveZv wbq KUv Ki cieZx
Kvj whwb weZwKZ nqwQjb mB Avng` kixdKI GLvb cKvk KiZ `Lv MQ
wbiewQb gyZv| lvUi `kKB, 1965 mvj, hLb ivRbwZK gZje iex`eRbi
cqvm PjQ m-mgqI iex`bv_K mvwnwZK KviY gy`wZ wePvi Ki `Lvi
cqvm PjQ| ^mvw`Z K^i cwKvq cKvwkZ Ave`yjvn Avey mvqx`i ce
`yejZvq iex`bv_-Gi K_v cmZ DjL Kiv hvq| Avwbmyvgvbi GB msKjb
GB aibi KvbI weePbv cavbZ evsjv`k mKvj weivRgvb ivRbwZK I
mvswZK `wKvYi KviYB vb cvq wb|
evOvwj gymjgvb mgvRi BnRvMwZK `wfwi h Dvb NUwQj Gi cwZf~
ejI GB msKjb wQj GB mgvRi mvgb cw_Kr `v| ejv Pj evsjv`k
iex`PPvi mvgwMK AwfgyLI wbaviY Ki w`qwQj GB msKjbwU| evsjv`k
iex`wePvii GB avivB GLbI envj AvQ ejj AZyw ne bv nqZv| Ggb wKQy
cm GLvb AvjvwPZ nqwQj hv evsjv`ki mgvjvPbvmvwnZ wQj A`vce~ |
1971-Gi iqx hyi ci iex`bv_ evsjv`k Avi Aei iBjb bv|
dj gy`wZ iex`wePvi Avi KwVb nevi K_v bq| ZvQvov iex`bv_K AviI
AbKUv gy PvL `Lv cqvRb fwelZiB ^v_| wK iex`PPvi mB ciYv
kvkwZKx-100

Avwbmyvgvbi ga `Lv hvq wb ev Ab KvDK GB PZbvq DxweZ nZI Zgb

`Lv hvq wb| Avwki `kK Avng` kixd iex`bv_K wbq mgvjvPbv KijI
wePvikwi DjZvi Pq Zv wQj GKck weivac~Y `w| AbK msMZ ck
_vKjI h_v_ gy`wi mgvjvPbvI ZvK ejv hve bv|
iex`bv_i gnK Avwevi KiZ Mj Zuvi mxgveZvK wPwZ Kiv hve
bv Ggb KvbI K_v bB| iex`bv_ evsjv`ki h-hyMi mvb m-hyMPZbvi
AbK mxgveZvK AwZg KiZ mg njI AbK wKQy iq MQ AbwZgYxq|
mBme AbwZgYxqZvK kbv KivI bZyb cRbi AMhvvi ^v_B iex`bv_i
gZv gnr cwZfvK gy`wZ wePvi Kiv Riwi| RvZxq DrKli ^v_B
iex`bv_i kw Ges `yejZv Dfq wbqB MelYv KiZ ne Avgv`i| mvgvwRK,
mvswZK Ges kYxMZ Aevbi KviY iex`bv_ AbK cvrc`Zv _K gy nZ
cvib wb| cwZfvi weivUZ hgb wQj Zgwb mxgveZvIZv wKQz wQj Zuvi!
iex`bv_ gnr gvbyl wQjb ejB cMwZc_mvbi ^v_ GB mxgveZvjvKI
LyuR `LZ ne Avgv`i| jLK`i ga KD KD ewMZfve G KvR
GwMqI GmQb| wK Zv Rvivjv nq IV wb| hw` Zv Kiv me nq Zvnj
GK`v mUvB nq DVe bZyb cRbi hvvc_i w`kv| GBRbB gy`wZ
iex`wePvi AvekK| cvwKvwb Avgj Avwbmyvgvb mvw`Z iex`bv_-Gi gZvB
mdj Avi GKwU gy`wi iex` weePbvi msKjb cKvk Ki wbqB KD GKRb
iex`wePvii bZyb aviv i Kieb G Avkv Avgiv KiZB cvwi| Ze G-K_vI
^xKvi Ki wbZ ne h, `xN mgq AwZv nIqv mI GB msKjbi iZ
GKUzI Kg wb, eis AviI Dj nq DVQ| ejv Pj evsjv`ki mvgvwRK I
ivRbwZK cUf~wgZ msKjbwU iex`PPvi h wfw Zwi Ki w`qwQj Zvi IciB
gk Mo DVQ GLvbKvi iex`-mgvjvPbvi ma| iex`bv_ msKjbi GB
iZI fzjevi evcvi bq gvUI!

UxKv:
1. h 19 Rb weewZwUZ ^vi KiwQjb Zvuiv njb:
1. Avng` kixd, 2. bxwjgv Bevnxg, 3. iwdKyj Bmjvg, 4. Avwbmyvgvb, 5. knx`yjvn Kvqmvi, 6.
dRj kvnveyxb, 7. Rqbyj Avew`b, 8. KvRx gvZvnvi nvmb, 9. gvnv` gwbivgvb, 10. Lvb
mviIqvi gyiwk`, 11. gvdvj nvq`vi Payix, 12. gvwjK Ae`yj evix, 13. mywdqv Kvgvj, 14. gyn`
Ky`ivZ B Ly`v, 15. gybxi Payix, 16. nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb, 17. wmKv`vi Avey Rvdi, 18. gyn`
Ave`yj nvB, 19. kvgmyi ivngvb
2. cv, cwiwk|

kvkwZKx-101

Kzj`v ivq
GgGgAvi Rvjvj

XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZv Ges iex`bv_

K.
1905 mvj ef i` nj c~ee vsjvi gymjgvbMY BsiR miKvi Pig
wekvmNvZKZv KiQ ej gb KiwQjb| Ze mvi mwjgyjvn Ges wewk AwfRvZ
bZviv GB cwieZbK the mandate of the Emperor wnme MY KiwQjb|
1912 mvj fviZ jW nvwW Avmb| RvbyqvwiZ GKwU gymwjg WcyUkb ZrKvjxb
fvBmiq jW nvwWi m `Lv Kib| H WcyUkb `Iqvi dj c~e evOjvi
gymjgvb`i ^v_ weklfve j ivLvi Rb cwZeQi XvKvq cv`wkK Mfbii
Kvc emvi Avkvm cvIqv hvq| c~eevsjvi gymjgvb`i wkveevq AavMwZ hvZ
bv nq, Zvi Rb XvKvq AvevwmK wekwe`vjq vcbiI cwZkwZ `Iqv nq| 1912
mvj 21 Rvbyqvwi fvBmiq jW nvwW XvKv mdi Avmb| wZwb XvKv wekwe`vjq
cwZvi cwZkwZ w`qwQjb| ZLb XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi cvewUi weivwaZv
KiwQjb wZb aibi jvKRb :
1. cwgei wKQz gymjgvb Zviv gb KiwQjb, XvKvq wekwe`vjqwU cwZwZ
nj cwgei gymjgvb`i Kvbv jvf bB| c~eei gymjgvb`iB jvf
ne| Zv`i Rb XvKvq bq cwge wekwe`vjq nIqvUvB jvfRbK|
2. c~e evsjvi wKQz gymjgvb Zviv gb KiwQjb, c~ee i gymjgvb`i ga
10,000 Rbi ga 1 Rb gv zj chvq cvk KiZ cvi| KjR chvq
Zv`i Qv msLv LyeB Kg| wekwe`vjq nj mLvb gymjgvb Qv`i msLv
LyeB Kg ne| c~ee cvBgvwi Ges nvBzj nj mLvb covbv Ki
gymjgvb`i ga wkvi nvi evoe| AvM mUv `iKvi| Ges hw` wekwe`vjq
cwZwZ nq Zvnj gymjgvb`i Rb h miKvwi evRU eiv AvQ Zv
wekwe`vjqB eq nq hve| bZzb Ki cvBgvwi ev nvBzj ne bv| hjv
AvQ mjvI A_i Afve e nq hve| mRb Zviv wekwe`vjq Pvb wb|
3. cwgei wKQz wn`y gb KiwQjb h, XvKv wekwe`vjq nj KjKvZv
wekwe`vjqi evRU eiv Kg hve| myZivs KjKvZv wekwe`vjq Pje
Kxfve? GB fqB Zviv XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZv KiwQjb|
L.
iex`bv_ VvKzi XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZv KiwQjb ej GKwU AccPvi
iqQ| wK GUv wbQKB AccPvi| Gi Kvbv wfw bvB| `wbK msev` cwKvq 1
RyjvB 2011 msLvq wbqvgZ Avjx wjLQb XvKvq wekwe`vjq vcbi NviZi
weivax wQjb AvZvl gyLvcvavq, myi`bv_ evbvRx, W. ivmwenvix Nvl, Kwe
iex`bv_ VvKzi cgyL| Ze GB Z_wUi Kvbv m~Drm `bwb wZwb| wK wbqvgZ
Avjx XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZvKvix gIjvbv AvKivg Lvb, Pwek ciMYvi
Rjv gnvgWvb Gmvwmqkb, evwivi Avyj imyj, w` gymwjg cwKvi bvg DjL
Kib wb| Avjx wbqvgZi GB AwfhvM GK aibi mZi Acjvc AvQ| Ges
GK aibi mvc`vwqK BwZI AvQ|

kvkwZKx-102

wbD GR cwKvi mcv`K b~ij Kexi MZ 25 ekvL GbwUwfZ GKB AwfhvM

Ki ejb, iex`bv_ VvKzi XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZv KiwQjb| b~ij
Kexi evsjv`ki AbZg mvsevw`K Kvg mcv`K| myZivs wZwb hLb Kvbv Z_
ejb `vq `vwqZ wbqB ejb| LuvRLei wbqB ejb| ivgvkvgvh`ygay`i gZv
hv gyL Gjv Zv ejeb GKRb mcv`K GUv gvbZ K nq| wK wZwbI wbqvgZ
Avjxi gZv GB Z_wU Kv_vq cqQb m welq gyL Lvjb wb| wK Z_wU
iex`bv_ welq| iex`bv_ Kvbv Gjej jvK bb| Zuvi 150Zg RbevwlKx
PjQ| wZwb Ebmi eQi AvM gviv MQb| Zuvi AvZc mg_b Kivi Kvbv
myhvM bB| wK Zuvi Rxebi mKj Z_B msiwZ AvQ| LyuRj cvIqv hvq| XvKv
wekwe`vjqi BwZnvm wbq MelYv KiQb cdmi iwdKzj Bmjvg| wZwb XvKv
wekwe`vjqi Avwk eQi bvg eB wjLQb| mB eBqi Kv_vI iex`bv_i
wei GB aibi AwfhvMi nw`m cvIqv hvq bv| KvRx gvZvnvi nvmb eywi
gyw Av`vjbi AbZg cyivav wQjb| wZwb AKcU mZ ejZ wcQcv nbwb
KLbv| wZwb Zuvi GK jLvq AvPvh cdzj P`i wKQz mvc`vwqK AvPiYi K_v
ejQb| XvKv wekwe`vjqi BwZnvm wbq Zuvi jLv AvQ| wK wZwb DjL Kib
wb iex`bv_i GB XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZvi Z_wU| G welq Kvbv
mZZv _vKj wZwb wbq Zv cKvk KiZb| iex`bv_ XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi
weivwaZv KiwQjb G AwfhvMwU Aaybv cvwKvbcx KjgRxexiv KiQb| wKQz
wKQz cvwKvbcx cwKvq gvS gvS G aibi iex`weivwaZv `Lv hvq| dinv`
gRnvi iex`bv_ mvc`vwqK `wKvY _K AbK wQ`v^lY KiQb Zuvi ii
`vM gyQ iex`cvV eBwUZ| mLvb iex`bv_K gRnvi Kvbv Qvo `b wb| mv`
Kvgvjx bvg GKRb MKvi-ceKvi dinv` gRnvii avivevwnKZvq iex`bv_
wn`y mvc`vwqKZv, gymjgvb wel, bvix wel bvbvwea wU LyuRQb| W. Avn`
kixdI iex`bv_ cRv DrcxoY LyuRQb| AevK Kv nj GB iPbvKvi`i Kv_vI
iex`bv_ XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZv KiwQjb GB Z_wU bvB|
iex`bv_ h me kvK mewR KjvUv g~jvUv LZb, `-L Kv_v _K LZb, Kv`i
ZLvgvi mme Drcvw`Z nZv dinv` gRnvi Ges mv` Kvgvjx bvbvcKvi
LvUvLvUzwb Ki ZvI ei Ki djQb| wK iex`bv_ XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi
weivwaZv KiwQjb GB aibi iMiM AwZweLvZ iex`wQ`wU Zv`i iPbvZ
DjL Kibwb| Kbv Kibwb mUv GKUv KvwU UvKvi ck eU| GB Z_wU mwVK
nj wbq Zviv Zv`i iPbvZ DjL bv Ki cviZb bv|
2000 mb Avng` cvewjwks nvDm _K Avgv`i ^vaxbZv msMvgi avivevwnKZv
Ges cvmwK wKQz K_v bvg GKwU eBq gRi Rbvij (Ae.) Gg G gwZb,
exicZxK, wcGmwm (ZveavqK miKvii Dc`v) GKwU Z_ Rvbvb h, 1912
mvji 28 k gvP KwjKvZv Moi gvV Kwe iex`bv_ VvKzii mfvcwZZ XvKv
wekwe`vjq cwZvi cwZev` GK wekvj Rbmfvi AvqvRb Kiv nq| wZwb
AwfhvM Kib h, iex`bv_ XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZv KiwQjb| G
RW Gg Avyj Avjx `wbK mgKvj jLb kvbv hvq, GB Z_wU (jLK Avyj
gwZb KZK DvwcZ iex`bv_i XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZv Kiv)
BmjvwgK dvDkbi Kvbv eBZ AvQ| wZwb Abymvb Ki Rvbvb iex`bv_ H
wgwUs-G DcwZ _K Ges wgwUs-G mfvcwZZ Ki XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi
weivwaZv KiQb ej GKRb jLK DjL Kib| jLK GB Z_wU Kv_vq

cqwQjb Zvi Kvbv m~ eBwUZ DjL Kib bvB| Avyj Avjx Rvbvb, eBwU
Bmjvwg dvDkb _K cKvwkZ nq| Ges iex`bv_i wei GB evbvbv MwU
eenvi Kiv nq| H ZvwiL iex`bv_ VvKzi KjKvZvqB DcwZ wQjb bv Ges wZwb
XvKv wekwe`vjqi weivwaZv Kib bvB| Zvnj Lyu R `Lv hvK 1912 mvji 28
k gvP ZvwiLwUK| Lyu R `Le Hw`b iex`bv_ Kv_vq wQjb Ges Kx KiwQjb?
1912 mvji 28 k gvP iex`bv_ GKwU wPwV wjLQb RM`vb` ivqK| RM`vb`
ivq wevb welqK jLK, iex`bv_i cyKbv`i MnwkK I kvwwbKZbi
ePhvkgi wkK| mw`b wQj encwZevi| P 15, 1318 ev| iex`bv_
wPwVwU wjLQb wkjvB`n _K| iex`bv_ wjLQb Kqw`b GLvb Gm my eva
KiwQjyg| gb KiwQjyg mw`b h avvUv LqwQjyg mUv wKQzB bq| my nq
DVjB AmyLUvK wg_v ej gb nq| Avevi AvR `wL mKvj ejvq gv_vUv ixwZgZ
Ujgj KiP| Kvj eyaevi wQj ej, Kvj mvejvq gq`i wbq GKUz AvjvPbv
KiwQjyg GBUzKz ZB Avgvi gv_v hLb Kvey nq coj ZLb eySZ cviwP wbZv
Dwoq w`j Pje bv| (we, fv. c, gvN-P 1376| 253, c-5)|
ckvKzgvi cvj iweRxebx Mi l L RvbvQb, Gw`bB wZwb GKwU KweZv
jLb| KweZvi bvg wi bqb ZvwKq AvwQ| GB KweZvwU MxwZgvj KveMi A
fz 4 msLK KweZv| Gici evwK 15 w`b wkjvB`n _K iex`bv_ AviI 17wU
KweZv ev Mvb jLb| Gi ga GKwU Mvb Avgvi GB c_ PvIqvZB Avb`| 14
P, 1318 ev| iPbvi vb wkjvB`n| 26k P 1318(Gwcj 8, 1912) evI
wZwb wkjvB`n| mLvb _K wjLQb Gevi Avgvq fvwmq w`Z ne Avgvi|
Gwcj 12, 1912 ZvwiL wjLQb Gevi Zviv Avgvi hvevi ejvZ| wkjvB`n
iwPZ| Z_ ejQ m mgq iex`bv_ KjKvZvq bq wkjvB`n wQjb| Zvnj
iex`bv_ wkjvB`n Kbv Mjb? KLb Mjb? Zvi GKUz nw`m Kiv hZ cvi| 19
gvP 1912 (6 P, 1318 ev) fvi KjKvZv _K wmwU Ae cvwim RvnvR
iex`bv_i Bsjv hvvi Rb Kweb fvov Kiv nqwQj| mx gqv nvmcvZvji Wvt
wR`bv_ g| KweK we`vq Rvbvbvi Rb e ew mw`b RvnvRNvUvq DcwZ|
Kwei wRwbmcI RvnvR DV MQ AvMi w`b| wK Lei Gjv h, Kwe Amy;
AvmZ cvieb bv| H Mig Dchzcwi wbgY-Af_bvw`i Av`i-AZvPvi iIbv nevi
w`b fvi cZ
nZ wMq, gv_v Nyi co hvb| Wvviiv ejjb, Zuvi G-hvv
KvbvgZB mgxPxb nZ cvi bv| iBjb wZwb; Avi Kvweb GKv ivRZ Ki, Zuvi
ev-cUiv wbq Pjgy Avwg GKjv| GUv wjLQb Wvt wg|
iwecy i_x`bv_ VvKzi wcZwZ M wjLQb RvnvR Qvoevi AvMi w`b iv
mvi AvZvl Payixi evwoZ evevi wbgY| Kej LvIqv `vIqv bq, mB m
evwjKxcwZfv Awfbqi eev nqwQj| w`b`bv_ evjxwKi fwgKvq Awfbq
Kib| Amy kixi evevK AbK ivZ Aewa RvMZ nj| Avgiv Ni wdijvg ivZ
Ki| evwK ivZUzKz evev bv Nywgq wPwVi ci wPwV wjL KvwUq w`jb| fviejv DV
evevi kixii Aev `L Avgiv fq cq Mjvg, KvwZ Aemv` hbv ayuKQb|
ZvovZvwo Wvvi WvKZ nj| RvnvR Avgv`i wRwbmc mgZ h_vmgq cvwo w`j,
wK Avgv`i m hvv Avi hvIqv nj bv| AvKwKfve hvv c nq hvIqvq Lye
e`bv cqwQjb iex`bv_| wZwb 21 gvP 1912 (8 P 1318 ev) ZvwiL Wvt
wR`bv_ gK jLb Avgvi Kcvj g` Kcvji wfZi h c`v_ AvQ, ZviI
Mj` AvQ bBj wVK RvnvR IVevi gyn~ZB gv_v Nyi cojyg Kb? AbK w`bi

kvkwZKx-103

kvkwZKx-104

mwZ cvci ` mBw`bB cZyl Avgvi GKevi gv_vi Dci Gm coj| ivMi
c_g avvUv Zv GKiKg KU MQ| GLb Wvvii DrcvZ cvY AwZ nq
DVQ| jLvcov bovPov cfwZ mRxe cvYxgviB AwaKvi AvQ, Avgvi c Zv
GKevi wbwl| 24 gvP 1912 (11 P 1318 ev) wekvgi Dk iex`bv_
wkjvB`n iIbv nb|
VvKzievwoi KvkewnZ jLv AvQ, kxhy iex` evey gnvkq I kxhy i_x` evey
gnvkq I kxgwZ eaygvZvVvKzivYx wkjvB`n Mgbi eq 379 bs fvDPvi 11 P
15||3|. ciw`b mvgevi 12 P 25 gvP 1912 wLv iex`bv_ gPvK cwKvi
mcv`K myaxiP` miKvii fMx Kv`w^bx `K (1285-1350 ev) GK wPwVZ
jLb GLbv gv_vi cwikg wbla| wkjvB`n wbb cvjvBqv AvwmqvwQ| Kv_vq
KjKvZvi Moi gvV? Avi Kv_vq wkjvB`n! Zvnj 28 gvP 1912 ZvwiL iex`bv_
Kx Ki wkjvB`n _K Amy kixi KjKvZvi Moi gvV XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi
mfvq DcwZ wQjb?
XvKv wekwe`vjqi AavcK MxwZAviv bvmixb RvbvQb iex`bv_i wei GB
AccPvii welq wekwe`vjq wmbU evwlK Awaekbi (28-29 Ryb, 2011)
AvjvPbvq Avm| AavcK dKij Avjgi K_vi Ask _K wjLwQ...iex`bv_
GKmgq efi wei weivax wQjb...wK...PvicuvP eQi ci Zuvi cyivbv
cwRkb cwieZb Ki djwQjb|...AekB wZwb XvKv wekwe`vjqK MnY KiQb
ej wZwb XvKv wekwe`vjqi mvbbvq GmwQjb|...hviv BwZnvmK GK RvqMvq
iL `q Zviv BwZnvmK weKZ Ki, Zviv mZK weKZ Ki|... (KvhweeiYx,
c:178)| GB BwZnvmweKwZ evsjv`k GKwU MvxKZK iex`weivwaZviB GKwU
bgybv| wbQK AmZ Z_| Mvqejmi m~ Z_wU Zwi nqwQj Mvcb
KiwQjb GKRb ARvbv jLK| cKvkK Bmjvwg dvDkb| Avi Zv eBZ
wjLQb gRi Rbvij (Aet) Avyi gwZb| Ges G eQi iex`bv_i
mvakZRbevwlKxi jM Uwjwfkbi c`vq RbMYi Dk cKvk KiQb w`
wbD GR cwKvi ^bvgab mcv`K b~ij Kexi| ejQb wbqvgZ Avjx bvg
GKRb Kjvg jLK| Z_ cjB Zv ne bv| Zv hvPvB evQvB Kivi `iKvi
iqQ| GB f~L iex`weivwaZv bZzb bq| cvwKvb Avgj i| GLb AveviI
cvwKvwb Kvq`vi miKg weivwaZv PjQ| hviv KiQb-Zv`i fvebvi m cvwK
vbcxi GKwU mshvM AvQ| wK GKwU ck gv_vq Nyi wdi AvmQ iex`bv_ hw`
XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZv KiB _vKb Zvnj mB weivwaZvKvix
iex`bv_ GB XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi gv cuvP eQi ci mB wekwe`vjqi
cvYB wecyjfve msewaZ nb Kxfve? ZLb Zv cvwKvb Rvgvbv bq| evsjv`kI
bq| ewUk ivRZ PjQ| ewefvM _g MQ| c~eevsjvi gymjgvb bZe` z GB
ef evwZj Kivi Rb| Avevi iex`bv_ efi weivwaZv KiwQjb| myZivs
c~eevsjvi Mvg M Ges Lv` XvKv wekwe`vjq iex`bv_K mseabv c`vbi
Kvbv KviY _vKvi K_v bq| wK eve Zv iex`bv_K wn`y-gymjgvb, abx-wbabx,
Rwg`vi-cRv wgj wecyj Avo^i mseabv w`Qb| mLvb Zv GB AwfhvMwU KD
ZzjQb bv| Kvbv mvc`vwqK f`iLv j Kiv hvQ bv| Zvnj?
M.
1926 mvj XvKv wekwe`vjq iex`bv_K AvgY Rvbvq eZvw` c`vbi Rb|
mdimx nqwQjb cy i_x`bv_, cyeay cZxgv `ex, Zuv`i cvwjZv Kbv bw`bx,

vZzcy w`b`bv_, wniwRfvB, gwim, Pxbv AavcK wjg bv wQqvO Ges BZvwjqvb
AavcK dvwgwm I ZzwP| 9 deqvwi 1926 ZvwiL Avb` evRvi cwKvq
cwZe`b cKvwkZ nq XvKvq iex`bv_ bvivqYM wecyj Af_bv MZKj
iex`bv_ XvKvq cuwQqvQb, XvKvq Awaevmxe` ZuvnvK wecyj Af_bv KwiqvQb|
cKZ
c ewjZ Mj GBeviB iex`bv_ mec_g XvKvq AvwmqvQb| BZvc~e
wZwb fvjv Kwiqv XvKv cwi`kb Kib bvB| vbxq Af_bv-mwgwZ bvivqYM
emsLK ^QvmeK ciY KwiqvwQjb| bvivqYM xgvi kb mw`b Rbmgy`
cwiYZ nBqvwQj| xgvi NvU Avwmevi e c~e nBZB Z_vq RbmgvMY nBZ Avi
nq| `wLZ `wLZ GZv jvK Ro nq h, Kx NvU, Kx RwUZ GKUzKzI vb wQj
bv| iex`bv_i xgvi NvU cuwQj PZzw`K nBZ Nb Nb Avb`awb DwZ nq|
KqKRb wewk bZv AMmi nBqv ZuvnvK cycgvj wefwlZ Kib Ges wgvi
nBZ bvgvBqv Avbb gvUi Pwoqv XvKv AwfgyL hvv Kib| XvKv knii c~e
mxgv GK`j vDU, emsLK ^QvmeK I knii wewk f`jvK DcwZ
wQjb| iex`bv_i gvUi `wc_ cwe nBevgv Nb Nb Rqawb DwZ
nq|...Zvici XvKvi beve evnv`yii nvDm evU ZzivM Kwei wekvgi eev nq|
ZzivM hvIqvi c_wU KjvMvQi Pviv w`q mvRvbv nqwQj| iex`bv_K c_g
Awfb`bwU vcb Kiv nqwQj 7 deqvwi 1926 ZvwiLi weKj PviUB
wgDwbwmcvwjwU Ges wccjm Gmvwmqkbi D`vM XvKvi b_e K nj| mg
njwU c~Y nq wMqwQj Ges evBiI Nb RgvqZ nqwQj| XvKv wgDwbwmcvwjwUi
KwgkbviMY gvbc jLb n RvZxqZvi `vkwbK cPviK| wn`y-gymjgvbi vqx
wgjb Kej mvwnZ I wkvi wfZi w`qvB meci-eZgvb weiva I AbK
mgvavbi GB ng Zzwg e c~e nBZB cPvi Kwiqv AvwmZQ|...RvwZi cwZ
AZvPvi wbRK jvwZ gb Kwiqv Zzwg ivR` `yjf
mvb NYvq cwiZvM KwiqvQ;
`kevmxi wbMn nZz KvbvWvi wbgY cZvLvb Kwiqv AvZmvbeva I `kbZvi
Rj `v c`kb KwiqvQ|
GiciB XvKv RbmvaviY KZK
GKwU gvbc cvV Kiv nq mLvbI bvBU Dcvwa
ZvMi K_v DjL Kiv nqQ| kvwwbKZb, wekfviZx wekwe`vjqi cksmv Kiv
nqQ| iex`bv_ GLvb GKwU wjwLZ ee `b| Kivbkb cvK weKj 5.30 G
KweK AviKwU mseabv `Iqv nq| DcwZ wQj `k nvRvi jvK| XvKv iUcqvm
Gmvwmqkb gvbc ejb jW KvRb evnv`yii kvmbKvj e wefvMi dj
c~ee hLb cwge nBZ wewQb nBqvwQj ZLb mB K~U-bxwZi wei Avcwb
Kve I mxZ h fxlY msMvg NvlYv KwiqvwQjb ZvnvI AvR iY-c_ Dw`Z
nBZQ| beve evnv`yi LvR nvweeyjv ni mfvcwZZ wn`y gvmjg mevkgi c
_K gvbc `Iqv nq| 10 deqvwi XvKv KjwRqU zj cwi`kb Kib
iex`bv_ VvKzi| Zvici `yciy AvovBUvq XvKv wekwe`vjq KvRb nj DcwZ nb|
GLvb XvKv wekwe`vjqi we`v_x mN ZuvK GKwU Kvevwfb`b c`vb Ki|
GLvbB weKj gymwjg nj Qv BDwbqb mseabvi wecyj AvqvRb Ki| Qvmsm`
KweK AvRxeb m`mc`ic MnY Ki| gymwjg nj mseabv mcK Aveyj dRji
wZPviY Kwe hLb XzKjb...nj Nii cek c_ _KB Kwei Dci i nqQ
cycew| gymwjg nj Qve` gvbc ejb h, weavZv eov `qv Kwiqv, cvYnxb
fviZi `yw`b Zvgvi gZv weivU-cvY gnvcyilK `vb KwiqvQb| Zvgvi cvY
gy, wekgq| mLvb wn`y bvB, gymjgvb bvB, wLvb bvB AvQ gvbyl| ...GKw`K

kvkwZKx-105

kvkwZKx-106

Zzwg gvbylK bvbv Kgavivq RvMZ KwiqvQ, Abw`K mB Amxg mvi w`K gbK
AvK KwiqvQ| Kg I avb Dfqi mvgm mvabB gvbe Rxebi k Av`k|
Bmjvgi GB mvievv Zvgvi Q` cwZawbZ nBqvQ| Zvgvi GB Q` Avgvw`MK
cwZw`b weki KjvY mvab I gvbyli mevq DvwaZ KiK|...
iex`bv_ mseabvi Di ejb cvPxbKvj Avgv`i `k ivRviv w`wMRq Ki
wdij Zuv`i Dci cycew AcY Kiv nZv, Avwg wK Avgvi `ki Rb Zgb wKQz
Rq Ki GbwQ hvi Rb AvR AvgvKI cyc elY Ki mseabv Rvbvbv
nQ|...fviZi eyK GZv RvwZ, GZv ag vb jvf KiQ, Zvi A_ AvQ|
fviZi nvIqvq Ggb kw AvQ hvi ej mKj mc`vq GLvb Avmb jvf KiZ
ciQ|...fviZi ag I mc`vqi ga weiva I cicii weQ` `L wbZv
`ytwLZ, ggvnZ, jwZ nB| ag ag weiva nZ cvi bv| KviY ag njv wgjbi
mZz Avi Aag weivai|...hLb ag weKvi DcwZ nq ZLbB weQ` cej nq
IV| ay wn`y-gymjgvb cf` bq mgvRi ga f`i A bB| hLb gvbyl
gvbylK Acgvb Ki, ZLb m `yMwZ-`vwi` Pig mxgvq DcbxZ nq, Avwg Avgvi
mgvRi Rb jwZ nqwQ weQ`i icveb gvbe-mgvRi cwZ i KjywlZ
nqQ|...GB mgmv fviZ ew`b _K AvQ| weivai cvPxi Zzj Zv mgmvi
mgvavb ne bv|...feywi AvjvK weKxY nvK| ZeB Avgv`i wP gy ne|
mvq KvRb nj iex`bv_ VvKzi fvlY `b| fvlYi welq wQj AvUi A_| 11 I
12 deqvwi (27 I 28 gvN) AmyZvi KviY iex`bv_ Kvbv Abyvb hvM w`Z
cvib wb| 13 deqvwi (1 dvb) iex`bv_ KvRb nj eZv Kib| eZvi welq
wQj ` ij Ad ` RvqvU| AvM DjL Kiv nqQ, AmyZvi KviY iex`bv_
VvKzi RMbv_ nj Qv`i mseabv Abyvb hZ cvib wb| 15 deqvwi (3 dvyb)
we`vqx w`b RMbv_ nji Qv`i Abyiva nj evwlKx evmwKvi Rb GKwU Mvb
wjL `b| Gici KweK gqgbwmsn I ewikvjI mseabv c`vb Kiv nq| 1936
mvj XvKv wekwe`vjq KweK mvvwbK wW wjU DcvwaZ fwlZ Ki| wi wQj, Kwe
ewMZfve DcwZ _K wekwe`vjq-c` mvb MnY Kieb| wK kixii
KviY XvKv hZ cvib wb| Zuvi AbycwwZZB XvKv wekwe`vjq ZuvK honoris
Causa DcvwawU c`vb Kib| GKwU welq j Kiv hvq Kwei GB mseabv
Abyvbwj wecyj RbmvaviY, Qv, bZe`i ^ZtZ DcwwZZ gyLwiZ wQj|
wn`y-gymwjg RvwZ-mc`vq f` mKjB Ask wbqQb| iex`bv_ XvKv
wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZv KiwQjb G aibi AwfhvM KD Kib bvB|
KweK ^Rb wnme mevB MnY KiQb|

kvkwZKx-107

Abyev` ce (109-135)

kvkwZKx-108

gvnv` G. KvBqyg

KwZ GK wek : iex`bv_ VvKzi weiwPZ RvZxqZvev`

welqK mgvjvPbvg~jK ce
Abyev` : gxi IqvjxDvgvb
weki Abvb RvwZi gZv Avgv`iI gvbwmK bvbv mgZv eZgvb, wK mgmvUv
eva Avgv`i MvgZv`y Kvhvfvmwji KviYiex`bv_ VvKzi
f~wgKv
Ebwesk kZvxi kl w`b iex`bv_ VvKyi kZvxi m~hv kxlK GKwU KweZv iPbv
KiwQjb, hLvb wZwb Zxe I Zx fvlvq RvZxqZvev`i wb`v Kib| Zuvi ZLb
gvnf NUQ, wZwb AZ z gRvRhw`I mgvjvPbvi duvK duvK Avkvi
SjK `kgvbwjLQb :
kZvxi m~h AvwR igN-gvS/ A Mj, wnsmvi Drme AvwR evR/ A A
giYi Dbv` ivwMbx/ fqsKix| `qvnxb mfZvbvwMbx/ ZzjQ KzwUj dYv Pi
wbgl/ wel` Zvi fwi Zxe wel|
^v_ ^^v_ eaQ msNvZ, jvf jvf/ NUQ msMvgcjqgbvf/ f`ekx
eeiZv DwVqvQ RvwM/ ckhv nZ| jv kig ZqvwM/ RvwZcg bvg awi cP
Abvq/ agi fvmvZ Pvn eji ebvq|/ Kwe`j PxrKvwiQ RvMvBqv fxwZ/
kkvbKzzi`i KvovKvwo-MxwZ|
GB mxY RvZxqZvev`i weivwaZvh RvZxqZvev` hy I nZvi m~Pbv Kihv
gvbylK wef Ki ay, Vj `q asmi w`K KejwecixZ AvRvwZK
msnwZ hvi viv GK D`vi I AL wekvZZ I cgi evYx cPvi I cmvi gvbyli
Kvg nIqv DwPZGB `yBqi weivaGKi wb`v I Acii cksmv Kwei mKj
iPbvwPwVc, ce-wbe, eZvgvjv, KweZv, bvUK I M` bvbvfve I ic
weaZ| w_DwmwWwWRi gvg evYx : enr RvwZmv hv BQv, ZvB Ki; z` RvwZ
mUv AvewkKfve gb bqGi Zxe weivax wQjb iex`bv_, KviY DM
RvZxqZveva ZuvK KLbv DxwcZ Kiwb| ivavKb RvZxqZvev`i cKvkK
`LQb hfve : "Avcb ^v_ivB kl K_v; Dcvq nZ cvi cvke ejcqvM;
weeKi mLvb Kvb f~wgKv bB"| iex`bv_ Kxfve RvZxqZvev`i mg_b
DPwKZ neb? DM RvZxqZvev` DxweZ gvbyl mZ I bvqK cvk KvUvq, gZvi
Avek nZv A_ev AvZ`vb wcQcv nq bv, Db nq m kvw I ^vaxbZvi ^icK
fzj hvqGK iex`bv_ h Awfavq eYbvc~eK eRb KiQb Zv njG
gbvfvei weviK iva I eRb AekKZe, KviY G GK wbzi gnvgvix evwa...
eZgvbi gvbemgvRK Avv KiQ, Gi bwZK wbwgwZK Kzi Kzi LvQ...Kx
fqi! DM RvZxqZvev` GK AvZNvZx `vevbji gZv, GK fxwZKi DU cci
gZv gvbeZvevaK Kei KiQ cwZwbqZ!

kvkwZKx-109

iex`bv_ GK msjvc-Avjvc-AvjvPbv-cviwiK fvewewbgqwfwK cw_exi

evwm`v wQjb, hLvb mnv`, mxwZ, `qev, mge`bvi Av`vbc`vb Pje,
hLvb RvwZmv AvZKw`KZv, ^v_wmw, NYvi PPv _K `~i _vKe, bwZK I
ivRbwZK PZbvi DrKl mvab evcZ ne, AvjvwKZ GK wekmfvi mfic
mKj RvwZ wgjwgk myLhvvq mvwgj ne Kuva Kuva wgwjq, GK AciK mvb
I ^xKwZ `e Kzvnxbfve, egvwK gj PZbvq DxweZ ne wbii, meRbxb
KjvY GK KvR Kie| AvaywbK RvZxqZvev` I Di-AvaywbK wPvwe` I
wekev`x AbK `vkwbK, hgb dvb&R dvbu, GWIqvW mvB` I bg PgwGu`i
wPvfvebvi h aviv, Zvi Avi I c~em
~ hb iex`bv_i iPbv I eZvivwRZB
cvw_Z iqQ, `LZ cvB| Pgwi GB c~em
i~ x AbKvsk PgwiB gZv fveZb,
ejZb| iex`bv_ wekvm KiZbPgwi fvlvq ejv hvq, MVbg~jK wPvfvebv,
KvR I cwZvbi gvag AbiKg GK wek wbgvY me, hvZ Ki cw_exi Rb
wKQzUv njI kvw, bvqcwZv Ges Avkvi mvi Kiv hZ cvi| iex`bv_ Ggb
GK Kgb&Iqj_ Ae bBkb&R-Gi welq fewQjb, hLvb GK RvwZ Ab
RvwZK wek Drmei Ab Zvi bvh AwaKvii RvqMv _K VuvBbvov Kie bv
Ges cZK RvwZ wekmfv AvjvwKZKiY Zvi wbR^ gbbi AvjvUzKz Rj mUv
cvjfve mgybZ ivLvi cqvm cve|
iex`bv_ AvtmfZv gxRvU MVbi ccvZx wQjb| cvP I cZxPi
wgjbi GKwb mg_K Kwe iex`bv_ ewUk kvmKiv fviZ h wbzi `gbbxwZ
Pvwjq GmQ, Zvi Zxe weivax wQjb| wZwb ggi Mfxi Dcjw KiZb, ewUk
Z_v cwgxiv AvMvmx iKgi eemv I gybvdvgbZvq Wze _K bwZKZvewRZ
^RvwZLv`K icvwiZ nqQ| ivRbwZK Dkwmw Zv`i hyevR Ki
ZzjQ; cvP`kxq`i Iiv AhwK NYvq `~i mwiq iLQ| ZviciI wZwb
Avkv KiQb, c~e I cwgi wgjb NUeB GKw`bmwkxj Kgv`gK K`
Ki| Pvjm GyRK iex`bv_ wPwVZ jLb: Avwg wekvm Kwi, c~e I cwgi
mwZKvii mwjb NUeB| dm& Iqm&KUK wPwVZ wjLwQjb, wekvm Kib,
c~e I cwg hw`b gvbevZvK hveZxq nxbZv, bxPZv _K gy Kivi aghy
GKwZ ne, mw`b Avwg hvicibvB myLx, Avbw`Z ne| wKcwjs-Gi mB ge,
hvZ c~e I cwgi wfbZvK `~iwZg AvLv `Iqv nqwQj, ejv nqwQj,
`yBqi wgjb KLbvB me bq, Kwe gb bbwb| Ggvmbi ce
KgcbmBkb-Gi g~j m~i, hvZ ejv nqwQj, vqx I HKi wfwZ cwZwZ
GK weki wbgvY me Kej ecixZ c~Y c~e I cwgi gjebi gvag,
hviv GK Abi Lvg&wZ c~iY Kie :
cvvZi KweK Avwg KvqgbvevK Avnvb RvbvBZvi AwaKvi, PPvq mxZi hZ
F myiaviv engvb, mKjK K aviY Ki hb Mq IVb, c~e I cwg wPiKvj GK
AbK Lyu R wdiQ, AZGe, Zviv wgjeBm wgjb Kej kvixwiK ev `kgvb wgjb
bq, m wgjb mZiI; MvBeb, Wvb nvZ hLb Zjvqvi aviY Ki, evg nvZ wbwq
KLbvB _vKZ cvi bvm nvZ ZLb Zzj ai wbivcvi Xvj|

kvkwZKx-110

iex`bv_ VvKzii RvZxqZvev`weivax eZv I iPbv Zuvi cwgx mgmvgwqK`i cP

z I nZvk KiQ| gvKmev`x mgvjvPK MqM jyKvP Ges BsiR mvwnwZK wW GBP
ji G welq iex`weivax wkweii bZZ `b| jyKvP, whwb Mvx I iex`bv_
DfqKB cwZweex AvLvq f~wlZ Kib, iex`bv_i Ni evBi (1915) Dcbvm
cKvwkZ nj Zvi Dci GKcKvi SuvwcqB cowQjb, KviY Kwe H Dcbvm DM
RvZxqZvev`x I AwZweex`i gv_vq Zzj bZ Kibwb| jyKvP, whwb RxweZ gvbyli
Pq Amvi Zi g~jvqb ewk Zrci, ei Pq evqexq aviYvq AwaK wekvmx
wQjb, iex`bv_K bmvr KiZ Pvb GB ej h, iex`bv_ eZgvb GKeviB
AcvmwK nq coQb... Dcwbl` I fMe`&MxZvi kvKwbfi GK AbwZcvq ...| ji Zuvi
fvlvq iex`bv_ c~Rvi Zxe weivwaZv Ki ejb, VvKzi GK wqy, eei Kvji cwZf~ nq
coQb| wKcwjs-Gi myi Mq wZwbI ejb, Avgv`i cwwg mfZv AvR hLvb `uvwoq,
m DPZvq cuQevi ^cI `Lwb KLbv fviZ, cvim A_ev c~e`kxq Kvb RvwZ|

Dchy ge ji h JZ I NYvi ewntcKvk NUvb, ZvZ iex`bv_i

eeiB mZZv cwZwZ nq Kej c~ei cwZ cwgi AnZzK Aenjv I NYvB
c~e I cwgK gkt `~i mwiq w`qQ Ges cwgi cwZI cvP gkt wew
nq coQ Awbevhfve| iex`bv_ GB AnZzK cviwiK welK `LQb
GBfve : AvbZvcm~Z AZi Zzjbvq GB Awel Aviv ewk bivkRbK;
KviY AvbZv hLvb Avjvi Afve evSvq, NYv mLvb Avjvi DcwwZKB
bmvr Ki| iex`bv_ cZxPK mxY Ansev`, nxb weRqvbZv, Rei`wg~jK
civkqRxexZv I BQvKZ AZv cwinvi Ki mRbkxjZv, vZZeva I
gvbeKjvYeva DxweZ nq cvPK g~jvqbi Avnvb Rvbvb| iY Kwiq `b,
BsiR`i hys`nx gbvfve Ges gZv I abwjv JcwbewkK wekK kZvi
AuvZzoNi icvwiZ KiQ; Aviv ejb, hy Ki wekRq me bq, mngwgZvq nZ
cvi| Ni evBi Dcbvmi cavb Pwi wbwLj Kej fviZ wewUki Ackvmbi
cwZev` KiB v nq bv, fviZxq RvZxqZvev`x AvZev`x`i wb`vqI mvPvi
nq IV :
AvjKRvvi bq, MZg ey wekK Rq KiwQjbKbv M` ejj GK_v mwZ
ej gb nq bvAvgiv Ke GK_v Rvi Mjvq myi Mq mevBK RvbvZ cvie? Ke
Gme Aii evYx eBqi Qvcv Aii eov wWwOq evBi Dc&P coeMvx
wngevn _K DrmvwiZ Mvi cwe avivi gZv cevwnZ ne wbii?

jyKvP I ji iex`bv_K fveceY kvev`x wnme AvLvwqZ Kivi gvag

wb`vg` KijI, Zuvi RvZxqZvev`K eRb kxNB mwVK cv ej weewPZ nq, hLb
cici `ywU wekhy msNwUZ nq, j j gvbyl nZvnZ nq; cvki `kK Kwbqvi
wei hyivR hy NvlYv Ki, hvZ 1,50,000 gvbyl cvY nvivq; 1971 mvj
evsjv`k cvwKvwb`i nZvh, hvZ wk j cvYi webw NU (Gi meB NU
DM RvZxqZvev`i aRvavix`i Pig cv Aej^bi dj); Aek, lvUi `kK
Gme NUbv mePq gvivZK gvo bq, hLb cigvYy A mwZ hyhyavb `yB wkwei
wekK Pig wechqi gyL wbq dj| wKDevi wgmvBj vBwmm AvaywbK wekK
mevZK asmi `viMvovq cuQ w`qwQj, Pgw gb Kwiq w`Qb| 1962
mvji Avei, msNvZi Pig gyn~Z, Pgw evLv Kib, fvwmwj AvwKcf& bvg
kvkwZKx-111

ivwkqvi GK mvegvwib KgKZv wekK iv Kib! gvwKb WmUqvii AvgYi

gyL 27k Avei fvwmwj cvigvYweK AmwZ UcWv dvqvi Kivi Aekvex
KzgwU eK Kib A_vr AvUK `b| mw`b GB Hkh I gZvi ` Mex cw_exi
AwZ GKRb gvbyli Kvvb, wePYZv I evakwi fimvq wUK wQj, ejv DwPr
SyjwQjeuP wMqwQj fvwmwji `~i`wkZvqm~Y weki wejyw bv NUjI Di
Mvjva Zv KuvcwQjB!
AvbygvwbK cuvP KvwU gvbyl wesk kZvx Ryo wewfb iqx hy I msNl cvY
nvivq| GB wecyj msLK gvbyli cvYnvwb NU wewfb RvwZMZ wef`i Ri Ub
Aekl mvqyhyi Aemvb gvbyl fvejv, Gevi wek kvw cwZv cve| wK fwe
fvjevi bq| wesk kZvxi Aemvb bZzb mnmvi iZB `Lv Mj, bZzb Ki
wek Rwoq coQ cvYNvZx msNl, cvYi webwi KzrwmZ gnovq, cw_exi bvbv
cv| wRnvw`iv (wRnvw` ejZ Kej Pigcw Bmjvg gZvej^x`i K_v ejv nQ
bv, hys`nx AwZ^`wk hviv wnsmvZK asmh I wb`vl wbi gvbylK wbweev`
nZvq gvZ, Zv`i K_vI ejv nQ) Avevi AvNvZ nvbQ, cw_ex wekvj me
nZvKv I asm `LQ ek wKQzw`b nj| m^i 11-Gi KqK gyn~ Z h nZv I
asm wbDBqKevmx `Lj, Zvi cZz i wnmve gvwKwb mvgwiK Awfhvb, hv
AvdMvwbvb e Rbc`K a~wjvr Kij, hv `L Awf b`kxq mvsevw`K
wgqj Gj AvwMjvi ejb, Avgiv gkv gviZ Kvgvb `vMwQjvg| wbic,
wb`vl gvbyl gZz eiY Kij, A_P Avgv`i wbivcv wbwZ nj KB!; BivK
AvgwiKvi mvmweivax hyGi me wKQzB wekK e`j w`qQ, RvZxq wbivcvi
bvg h asmjxjv PjQZv m wekRvov Bmjvwg RvZxqZvev`x Rxiv hv Ki
eovQ A_ev cvvZi agwbic RvZxqZvev`i Rei`wmKjB GK AKvi
fwelZi w`KB Aywjwb`k KiQ| m hv nvK, me hy GLwb kl nQ bv,
gvwKb cwmWU eyki mB evYx : Avgv`i Avevmf~wgK wbivc` KiZ h AviI
KZ jovB evwK iqQ GLvb cwYavbhvM| kvwi Acvq evanq Avgv`i
_vKZ ne Aviv ZZw`b, hwb bv mbvcwZiv Zv`i wnme gvwdK hveZxq
bksmZvi cvU PzwKq mgi`eZvi iwccvmv gUvZ mg nb hgbwU evUv
ivmji fwelZ evYxi Ai Ai cwZdwjZ :
hyM-hyMevcx awixgvZv cRvcwZ, UvBjvevBUi gZv RxeewPi Rb `evi
ci weeZbi AgvN Pv wbiv, Pwm Lvb, wnUjvi`i De cZ KiQ|
G vwKvj Aek KU hve, `yt^ci hYv kl ne; Kvji weeZb cw_exZ
cvYi AwZ Avevi jy ne, Ges kvw wdie|
RvZxqZvev` I iex`bv_
ebwW Gvimb RvwZ-K GK KwZ RbMvx wnme msvwqZ KiQb|
ejQb, GB ccK msvwqZ Kiv KwVb, weklY Zv `~ii K_v...| wnD mUbIqUmb ejb, RvwZ, RvZxqZv, RvZxqZvev`RvwZi Kvb wekvmhvM msv
wbaviY Kiv Ame| Avb Mjbvi ejQb, RvZxqZvev` GK evbvqvU
Dveb| RvZxqZvev` gvUB RvwZmvi RvMwZ bq; GwU GK AZ
z eva hv
kvkwZKx-112

hLvb Kvb RvwZi AwZ bB, mLvb RvZxqZvevai KKbvK RvMiK Kivi
cqvmx| GwU GK wg_, hv AvaywbK mgvR ivRbwZK I AveMxq eaZv jvf KiQ
Kvb `yq KviY| wej GkdU ejb, RvZxqZvev`i Kvb Z `uvo Kivbv GK
KwVb cvebv hw`I, evLvi AZxZ Kvb Dcvq GwU wesk kZvxi ivRbxwZZ
kcvfve Aevb Ki GmQ|
RvwZi ivRbwZK msv wbicb GKwU fMwjK mxgv wbaviY I wKQz mvswZK/
ivRbwZK Zvrch ev ewki DjL Zzjbvg~jKfve mvcwZK wPvfvebvi dmj
ejv hvq| mvswZK ^vRvZevai evcviUv Aek mgvR mwi Mvov _KB wQj|
Gvimbi gZ, BDivci RvMiY I wkwecei AbZg dmj nj RvwZmvi
ivRbwZK cwZvb wnme weKvkjvf| wZwb ejQb, cwg BDivc RvZxqZvev`i
Dvb NUwQj agxq wPvavivi wejyw bv njI gkt AenwjZ nq covZ
hywev`i Avwefve hywwm agwbicZv axi axi RvqMv Ki bqvi cwqvq,
GZ m`n bB| ewK GB Av`vjbi PvwjKvkw hnZz wQj hywi gyw I
gvbyli ghv`veva Mfxi cZqGZ cPwjZ wekvm eev fO co, hvi K`
wQj Dcvmbvjq (PvP), cyivwnZ wQjb hvi aviK-evnK-cPviK-ckvmK| agZi
Aemvb GBfve GK evewbfi mvgvwRK-ivRbwZK mgvReevi gweKvk NUZ
jvMj, agwbic mgvR RvZxqZvev`x PZbvi Dbl NUj| hLb agwbicZv
A`ev`K cwinvi Kij, ZLb, Gvimbi gZ, RvwZ-i aviYv hywev`x`i
AbKi wbKUB GK KvhKi weK wnme cwZfvZ nj|
Acic, Avb ejQb, Av`k-Dbwesk kZvxi wkwfwK cyuwRev`i
gweKvki avivq RvZxqZvev`x fvebvwPvi i| wkwece c~eeZx mgvRi wkwece
cieZx mvgvwRK-A_bwZK eevq h hvv, mB gnvhvvq gvbeMvxK AvMi Zzjbvq
eni, mvswZK evai wbwiL mggvwK mvgvwRK MvxZ GKwZ Kivi cqvRb `Lv
w`j, `Lv w`j Kgx`i mgevq MVbi cqvRb, dj, gkt RwUj I welg mvgvwRK
msMVb bBkb-BU ev RvwZwfwK ivwbgvYi SuvK cwZv cj| Kgx`j I evRvi
eevi mmviY wkwece c~eeZx DcRvwZwfwK mgvReev Mo DVwQj, hvi
KvVvgv ci Achv I AKvhKi nq co| wUgvw_ ebvb RvZxq PZbv wbgvYi iZ
mvwnZ, wekl Ki Dcbvmi f~wgKv hfve weklY Kib :

mvwnZ hw`I wekgvbyli gbK RvZxqZvev`i bvbv ic I Mwigv c`kb DxwcZ,

DxweZ Ki, fviZi Kwe iex`bv_ VvKzihvK evUv ivmj mevP mvbi
`vwe`vi I GRiv cvD Avgv`i h Kviv Pq gni wnme g~jvqb Kib
RvZxqZvev`i Av`k GZUzKzI Ujbwb ev cfvweZ nbwb| RvZxqZvev`i cKZ
^ic I cwZvbic Gi DkK wNi Zuvi mePq eo Avcw wQj| GB mZ h,
GwU GKwU mvgvwRK cwZvb, wKQz cqvRb gUvbvi DchvMx wnme Mo Zvjv
GK hvwKZv`y cwZvbGB ^ic D`NvUb GK iex`bv_i wbKU we^v` Ki

ZzjQ| Kwe wbgvYi PvBZ mRb, hywi Pq Kbvkw, Kwgi Zzjbvq cvKwZK
hv wKQzZvKB mv`i MnY KiZb|
agZi cZbi ci wk-cyuwRev`i MelYvMvi hnZz RvZxqZvev`i Rb,
iex`bv_ GK Kej ivRbxwZ I evwYRi cqvRb Mov cwZvb icB `LQb,
hvi viv wecyj ab ARb me wKsev eev`mvZ cgv`evRvi Zwi me| GB
wbgvY jvf, ^v_ciZv, gZv I DbwZi uo ev `uvov wevi Kiv AvekK nq co,
A_ev, gvbyli bxP cew wjK DwRZ Ki mwq Ki Zvjv cqvRb, hvZ GB
weasmx cwqvq m~Y gvbyl, bwZKZvF gvbylK wemRb w`q mxwgZ
^v_ewy mb, ivRbwZK I evwYwRK Dkme^ gvbyli Rb RvqMv Ki `qv
hvq| RvZxqZvev`, iex`bv_ ejQb, KLbvB mvgvwRK cvYxic gvbyli ^Zt~Z
AvZcKvki RvqMv bB| ^vfvweKfve wbqwZ gvbweK mK, hvi mvnvh gvbyl
ciii mnhvwMZvq bvbv Av`k wbgvY eZx nq, RvZxqZvev` Zvi RvqMv bB; eis
GK`j ivRbwZK I evwYwRK Afx ARb h~_e gvbylB RvZxqZvev`i aRvi bxP
GKwZ nq Zv`i jvf, DbwZ I gZv ewi Rb KvR Ki _vK| RvZxqZvev`
msMwVZ gvbeMvxi ^v_ msiY Ki, hv wKbv gvUB gvbweK ev AvavwZK bq
cKiY wePvi| iex`bv_ RvZxqZvev`K gvbeZvweivax GK AvZic `LZb,
KviY eev` I hywev`i evBii wKQzZ Zvi Avv bB| gvbweK AveM I gvbweK
AvZvcjwK gvwoq RvZxqZvev` gvbyli bwZK fvimvgK bmvr Ki `q,
AvZvweewRZ msMVbi QvqvKvi gvbweK YvYK Avovj Ki|
RvZxqZvev`i wbgvY, hv wKbv gvbyli mnRvZ I cew MZ YvYK `wgq
ivL, Kej Zvi ivRbwZK I eemvwqK jvfi welqK iZ `q| gvbyli
bwZKZv I AvavwZKZv h cwqvq wemwRZ nqiex`bv_ GK cki gyLvgywL
`uvo KwiqQb| GB mxgveZv RvZxqZvev`K Am~Y, GK giKw`K
GKwkjv cwiYZ KiQhv wKbv gvbyli Rb AchvhnZz gvbyl ^fveZB
iKgdi ecixZ wejvmx, hvi msklY I GKxf~ZKiY cqvRb nq, fvOPzii
cwqvq Aekl m~Y gvbylwU ewiq Avm|
AvMB ejv nqQ, iex`bv_ RvZxqZvev`i f~ZK RvwZZ RvwZZ hy, NYv I
cviwiK m`ni m~wZKvMvi ic `LQb| Ni evBi Dcbvm iex`bv_i
AvZ^ic `kcwgK wbwLj h RvwZmvK mZ I weeKi Pq Dci VuvB w`Z
MiivwR, ejQ, Avwg `ki meK; wK cyRv Zvjv iBj mZi Acvq, hv
`ki Pq AbK eo| `kK fMevb vb e`bv Kij GK Awfk Kivi
Aciva NUe| wbwLji ez m`xc, cigvrmvnx A_P AweeKx RvZxqZvev`x, h
RvZi bvg h Kvb evwZ mBZ-KiZ ivwR, h mZ-bvqi Zvqvv Ki bv,
ejQ, `ki cqvRbK fMe`&mev wnme `LZ ne, cqvRb, weeKK
mwiq iL `kK Zvi RvqMvq emvZ ne| m`xci Gew^a AwZcvMmi fvebv,
hv wKbv `kK `eZi Askx`vi Ki ZzjQGK iex`bv_ cjqix ejQb|
Gi _K Rb bq GKPwUqvev` I Mvuovwg, hv nMj-Gi w-wefvRbwfwK hywi
cqvM RvwZK AvZciZvq gM Ki ivL, Aci RvwZK wbR AwZi weivax gb

kvkwZKx-113

kvkwZKx-114

Av`k kZvxi klfvM I Dbwesk kZvxi iZ wewfb RvwZi Dvbce RvZxq

Rxebi bvbv cKvk I ici AbyKwZ HwZnvwmKfveB Dcbvm weaZ nqQ... cKZc
Dcbvm gvbylK RvwZmvi ^ic welq wPvfvebv I Kbv KiZ kLvq|

nq; Aci RvwZK AvgY Kivi cwqvK hywhy I cwe Kg gb nZ _vK|

iex`bv_ evLv KiQb :

iex`bv_ ejQb, ewUk JcwbewkKZv hLb fviZel I Abvb m`kvjx `k

jyVZivR Pvwjq wbR xc`ki mgw NUvZ evcZ nq, ZLb Zviv RvZxqZvev`i
Av`k KcwPq mme KzKgi hyw `vuo Kivq| Zviv KLbv Jcwbeki Dbqb
Zwb wQjbv, KviY ZvZ Zv`i RvZxq ^v_ yY nZ, gMqv Zvi AvKlY
nvivZ| wkKvix wnsm cvYxi gZv (hgbwU Avgiv j KiwQ, RvZxqZvev`
DivwaKvim~ wkKviRxex hywi mg_K) GK RvwZ Ab RvwZi Ici Ryjyg I wnsm
AvgYi gvSB euP _vK, KvbiKg fvjvevmv-mge`bv-wek vZZeva ZvK
AvMvmx ZrciZv _K wcwQq AvmZ ej bv| AwZ mij I wbzi GB hyw nQ
GiKg : m`kvjx I gZvai RvwZ Movi cwqvq wKQz RvwZK Zv `vwi`cxwoZ
I `yej nZB ne| KviY nj, G mfZv nQ gZvi mfZv; AZGe G GK
weklvwqZ mfZvG mfZv hv`i kvlY Ki wUK _vKe, Zv`i Rb Zv Gi
kw ev gZvi Drmvi KLbv Dby ne bv| RvZxqZvev` msMVbi ^fveB
GiKg h, iex`bv_ ejb, GLvb ciwnZeZi Kvb VuvB bB|
KD KD GiKg fveZ cvib, iex`bv_i RvZxqZvev` welqK wPv-fvebv
nqZvev GKUz ewkgvvq AwfRvZ I KKwZGK cvD nqZv AwZ
AvLvwqZ KiZb; cKZ cve iex`bv_i hywRvj Awamvix AvavZev` I
ivgvwUK Av`kev`i gvS wePiYkxj| m hv nvK, wZwb hv ejQb, Zvi meUvB
ewK wePvi mwVK Ges Gi wKQz wKQz Dcv`vbi `Lv JcwbewkKZvev` cieZx
mgvjvPbv mvwnZ gj| mgvjvPKiv ejb, RvwZ GK cqvRbxq AwZ, eZgvb
mfZvK kwkvjx Kivi cwqvq RvwZ mnvqK nZ cvi; eZgvb mgvRi mvgvwRKewK cwiek RvwZ ivRbwZK msMVb wnme f~wgKv ivLZ mg; wK gvbweK
Yvejx msnZKiY A_ev bwZKZvi KZZ Kivi Kvb GLwZqvi Gi bB|
Av`kMZ wePvi RvZxqZvev`i wbwgwZ Gi AbZg `yej DivwaKvi| RvwZi
AbZg ceYZv nj, cZve nq Aviv ^vfvweK me mvgvwRK BDwbU, hgb Kg,
DcRvwZ, biMvx A_ev fvlv I agwfwK Mc cwiYZ nIqvA_vr h cwqvq
Gi Rb, ZviB ga Gi wehywi exRg wbwnZ| RvwZ hw`I wbwgZ nq mngwgZv ev
ezZ Mo Zvjvi kc_ wbq, kvlY I elg GLvbKvi bwgwK NUbvRvwZ
KLbv Zvi KvwbK RbMvx-i Avkv-AvKvvi K_v ej bv| RvwZ Zvi fvev`k
`uvo Kivbvi ejvq msLvjNy`i Vj `q cvevmx wnme Avi bZZKvix `jK
K`xq f~wgKvq Ub bq, Aviv DPvKvx Ki Zvj| GfveB vZZeva gk
AwnZ nq, bZzb GK DP-bxPi webvm gkt nq IV, hv ejv nqwQj, Zv
Avi Kiv nq IV bv| dvbu hgb ejb, RvZxq PZbv, mKji Avkv-AvKvvi

cKvk bq, GK j
, fyi Zvgvkvq chewmZ nq; RbMvx RvwZK mwiq `q,
DcRvwZ ivK cwZvwcZ Ki|
ek KqKRb Di-Dcwbekev`x mgvjvPK iex`bv_i m G welq GKgZ
nqQb h, RvZxqZvev` mnbkxjZv eRb Ki hwKZvnxb Kzmsvi I NYvi c
cPviYv PvjvqAvb Mjbvi, ebwW Gvimb Ges Ug bqvb ejQb| jxjv
Mvuax ejb, Mvxev`i aRvavixiv RvwZi bvg AvZvwZ w`Z ev Lyb KiZ wcQcv
nq bv| cei iZ Avwg wbRI ejwQ, RvZxqZvev`i auyqv Zzj AvZev`x
Kxfve AvZ Qovq, Mvxev` cwZv Ki, hy evavq hyevRiv| abx I kwg
RvwZ hLb AvgYKvixi f~wgKvq AeZxY nq, ZLb Zv`i KzrwmZ wnsmv ev `gbbxwZ
XvKevi Rb Zviv G aibi AvMvmbK MYZi cwZv ev wbixn RbmvaviYK
GKbvqKi Ackvmb _K iv BZvw` AvcvZMvn cvkvK cwiq `q| Aek G
aibi evMvo^i kxNB Amvi cgvwYZ nq| 1937 mvj Rvcvb hLb Pxb AvgY
Ki, ZLb Rvcvwb jLK Bqvb bwP iex`bv_K wPwV wjL H Rvcvwb AvMvmbi
c bwZK mg_b PqwQjb| iex`bv_ AwZmij ^RvwZcg Dy nIqvi Zxe
mgvjvPbv Ki bwPK ejb :
UvwKIevmx GK ivRbxwZKi GKwU mvwZK ee co Avgvw`Z nqwQ|
BZvwj Avi Rvgvwbi m Rvcvbi mvgwiK AuvZvZ bvwK DPgvMi AvavwZKZv I
bwZKZvi wfwZ nqQ| gRvi K_v m`n bB| hv AvgvK gvUB Avnvw`Z
Kiwb, Zv nj, `ki jLK I wPvwe`ivI mgibvqK`i Amvi evMvo^ii
mg_b cuv aiQb|
hyevR`i fvwg welq Ugvm Rdvimb Zvi mgqi AwfZv eYbv KiQb Gfve:
evbvcvU mgy` K ^vaxb ivLZ hy NvlYv KiQb, mUv Avgiv hgb wekvm Kwi
bv, Zgwb gvbeRvwZi gywi Rb ewUk joQ, GUvI wekvm Kwi bv| Avgiv Rb
MwQ, Gew^a NvlYvi Afx Kej Ab RvwZi abm` I kw Le Kiv, wbRi
AwaKvi Avbv|
Rdvimb Aviv ejQb, RvZxqZvev`i c cPviYv ejZ Mj mvgvRev`i
mg_b K_v ejviB mgv_Kiex`bv_I ejQbmvgvRev`x RvwZ wbweev` Ab
RvwZi Ici KZZ
djvq, Zviv Dcwbeki cwZ Kvb ggZv `Lvbv AvekK fve
bv| mvgvRev`xiv g~jZt jvf-jvjmvi cew Z fi Ki Abi mebvk mvab ce

nq, wbRi GLwZqvii evBi wMq Acii RvqMvq wbRi KvUi `xN jRwU
wewQq w`q Acv Ki, KLb Ab KD mwU gvwoq `e, Avi gvovjB Zv
weev` i Kiv hvq| Gwg mRvi hgb ejb, mvgvRev`xi cavb Dk nj Zvi
cRve`K e-Z icvwiZ Kiv| dvbu ejb, mvgvRev`x Zvi cRv`i ab Ko
wbqB _vg bv, Zvi msw Zi wejvc NUvZI Zrci _vK : weKZKvg abev`x
AZvPvwiZi AZxZ BwZnvm cv w`Z Pvq, weKwZ NUvq, asm Ki| Gi KvwmK
D`vniY : 1835 mvj ewUkiv fviZ BsiwR fvlv cPjbi gvag wKQz wKQz
myweavfvMx fviZxq cRv`i Kvjv mvne evwbq G`k ewUkivRi Kvqwg ^v_
wPivqx Kivi cqvm cvq|

kvkwZKx-115

kvkwZKx-116

RvwZ Zvi gZv I DbwZi RMS evwRq, Zvi iOxb cZvKv I g RqMxwZi myijv
NvlYv w`q, Dcvmbvjq cPwjZ aggZK KUv Ki cv_bvi gvag, `kcgwfwK
eovB w`q GUv jyKvZ e_ nq h, m AviK RvwZi Pig k, m Ab h Kvb RvwZi
DeK Avcb AwZi cwZ gwK fve|

iex`bv_ I fviZxq RvZxqZvev`

iex`bv_ RvwZwfwK fvebvwPvi weivax wQjb| RvZxqZvev`i WvgvWvj
fviZevmx hvM w`K, GUv Kvbw`b Pvbwb| KviY, Gi dj fviZeli BwZnvm I
mswZi wejyw NUe Ges GB Dcgnv`k cZxPi Qvqvq chewmZ ne| wZwb
mZKZv DPviY KiwQjb :

iex`bv_i Rb 1861 mvjhLb fviZ ewUk kvmbi wei RvZxq Av`vjb

`vbv euvawQj gkt| Kwei Rbi gv 4 eQi AvM 1857 mvj G`k ewUk
kvmbi wei mk we`vn NU| 1905 mvj ewUkiv hLb evsjvK wLwZ Ki,
ZLb Gi cwZev` wnme Kwei Avcb kni, evwoi `viMvovq ^`wk Av`vjbi
m~Pbv nq| iex`bv_ ^fveZt ivRbxwZwegyL nIqv mI ^`wk Av`vjbi Uvb
eZv-weewZ w`Z _vKb I cigvrmvn ^`wk AveM mvZKvix Mvb jLb|
GRiv cvDi cvmwK Dw : iex`bv_ Mvb Mq evOjv-K RvwZZ icvwiZ
KiQb cwYavbhvM| wK kxNB `Lv Mj, RvZxqZvev`xiv wb`vl RbmvaviY I
Av`vjb Drmvnx bb, Ggb gvbyli cwZ mwnsm nq IV, Ges weklZ gymjgvb
RbMvx, hviv XvKv-K c~e evsjvi ivRavbx wnme cq bvbv eve myweavi K_v
fe ef mg_b KiwQjbZv`i cwZI w nq IV| Awnsmvi cwZ
ccvZx weavq Kwe RvZxqZvev`x`i AmnhvM Av`vjbK mg_b KiZ cvib wb,
KviY RvZxqZvev`xiv hveZxq we`wk cY hLb asm KiZ jvMj, ZvZ `wi`
RbMvx mivmwi wZM nZ _vK, KviY we`wk cYi Zzjbvq ^`wk wRwbmci
g~j ewk co hvwQj| RvZxqZvev`x hyeK`i AbK ZLb evgvevwR Ki BsiR
Zvovbvi ^c `LwQj| Aekl 1908 mvj zw`ivg emy (evsjvi BwZnvm hvK
exii mvb w`qQ) hLb `yRb wb`vl ewUkK evgv Qzuo nZv Ki, iex`bv_
ZLb wbRK GB Av`vjb _K wehy Kib|
^`wk Av`vjb _K iex`bv_i mi hvIqvK AbK wekvmNvZKZv ejb,
wK Kwe hLb `Ljb, Av`vjbwU evOvwj f`jvKiv Zv`i GLwZqvi wbq
djQb, ZLb mLvb _K ewiq Avmv wfb Zuvi Rb Avi Ab Kvb c_ iBj bv|
mgvjvPK`i AvgYi Reve Kwe Zuvi Ni evBi I Pvi Aavq Dcbvm `ywUZ
Kvwnbxi cvlvK gyo w`qQb| `yB DcbvmB iex`bv_ `wLqQb, Kxfve GKRb
gvbyl Zvi wbR^ZvK GK KvwbK Av`ki cvq ewj w`q kvlY, wnsmv Avi nZvq
gZ IV, RvZxqZvev`K cxVvb Dcvcb Ki, weeK I hv_vheva wemRb `q
AKk| wZwb `wLqQb, Kxfve evOjvq RvZxqZvev` Ges cieZxKvj fviZ
Mvxi mZvMn Av`vjb ewMZ ivRbwZK ^v_wmwi KvR jvMvbv nq;
D`vniY^ic m`xc I B`bv_K h_vg Ni evBi I Pvi Aavq Dcbvm m
aibi KgKv evcZ nZ `Lv hvq| iZ m`xc I B`bv_, `yRbB
jvKfvjvbv RvZxqZvev`xic Avwef~Z nq, gkt Zviv AvZvwfgvbx nq IV,

wbvg Kg (fMeZMxZvq K ARybK h Dc`k w`qwQjb) Zv`i gbvhvM f

nq, ewMZ ^v_ Zviv wnsmv eenvi Ki| Zv`i cviwK Avkvev` ewRZ nq|
iex`bv_ I Mvxi mK ezZc~Y wQj; AbK welq Kwe Mvxi c~emi~ x
wQjb| iex`bv_-B MvxK gnvZv ej WKwQjb Ges Mvx KweK i`e
AvLvq AvLvwqZ Kib Ges wekKwe ej mseabv Rvbvb| ivguv ivjuv GK`v GB
`yB gnvcvYi mvvrK GKRb mU cj I cUv, GK `vkwbK I GK m-Gi
wgjb ej eYbv KiwQjb| Z_vwc fviZeli fwelZ welq `yRb KLbv PvL
PvL iL AvjvPbvq ce nbwb, KviY iex`bv_ Mvxi ewUkweivax RvZxqZvev`i
Nvi weivax wQjb| ewUkK weZvwoZ Ki GKwU RvZxq cwiPq cwZv KijB
fviZi mgmvi mgvavb ne, iex`bv_ GUv wekvm KiZb bv; cwgv mfZvK
`~i nwUq w`q Avgv`i ^vaxbfve wewQb nq hvIqvq Kvb gvjvf NUe bv|
Avgv`i cqvRb GK Mfxi mwjbi Askx`vi nIqv, Kwe Zuvi ^fveMZ
Avkvevw`Zvq fi Ki Dw Kib| gvwKb `ki eenviRxex gvqib GBP dm-K
jLv GK wPwVZ Kwe ejb, RvwZi ^ivR^c evevqbi AvM Avgv`i wK GK
eni gvbweK eva DxweZ nevi cqvRb bB, hv mgqgZv ewRxebK
mec_g wbMogy Kie? iex`bv_i gZ wQj GiKg : fviZel Kvb
w`Kwb`kbviwnZ A wece-Gi cqvRb bB, A_ev mvgvwRK `vmZi Pvivevwj
wfZi Ici wbwgZ ^vaxbZvi AjvKbvU, `iKvi Dkmvabi j wbqvwRZ
mylg wkv, A_ev, wfZi _K DrmvwiZ GK weeZb; fviZeli Atj _K
D`&MZ MVbg~jK KghvM, Kwe Zuvi fviZel RvZxqZvev` ce jLb| wZwb
wekvm KiZb, fviZi cqvRb GK wPv wece hiKgwU ibmuvmi mgq
BDivc mvgc_v I jvwZb PvPi MZvbyMwZK, A ^ivPviK eRb KiwQj, Qzu o
djwQj Aejxjvq, IB GKB eevci cqvRb wQj gZ AvPvi I c_vi
evjygq f~wgZ MovMwo LvIqv Amnvq RMj fviZi|
iex`bv_i gZ, fviZi Av cqvRb Zvi mvgvwRK-mvswZK mgmvi
mgvavb; ivRbwZK mgmvw`i mgvavb mgq gZv ne| fviZel GKwU y`
weki^ chLvb bvbv RbMvx I agvPiY mnvevb Ki| fviZelK me`vB Zvi
welgZvi evSv wbq weeZ nZ nq, GwMq hZI nq GKiKg, bvbv ecixZi
gvS msklY NwUq| mec_g, fviZK Zvi eYvkg c_v NvPvZ ne Dchy
msvii gvag| h RvwZc_v cvPxbKvj wewfb RbMvxK kLjve mgvR
eevq eua djvi Dk cewZZ nqwQj, Kvj mwU fviZevmxi gvbwmKZvK
GK mvnK wbqYi wbMo AvUK djQ, Rb w`qQ GK kvlYi PK|
Dchy wkvq AvjvwKZ Ki fviZevmxK eYvkgi ggyZv _K ei Ki
AvbZ ne, wef`i Abo `qvjjv uwoq w`q bgbxq mgvReevi cb
fviZ Zvi MwZkxjZv I Dxcbv wdi cve| m mgvR myf`Rbiv AR
gvbyl`i, weklZ, AQzZ`i wb`qfve kvlY Kib, mLvb ivRbwZK ^vaxbZvi
Kvb g~j AvQ wK?
msvi QvUM iex`bv_ Mvxi mZvMni AmviZ Zzj aib Ges PvL
AvOzj w`q `wLq `b, fviZxq RvZxqZvev`xiv Kx aibi ^v_v Rxe wQjb; Zviv

kvkwZKx-117

kvkwZKx-118

Avgiv, fviZevmxiv, fewP `Le, Avgiv Ab RvwZi BwZnvm I mswZ avi Ki

wbRi Kw I cvPxb BwZnvmK gvwUPvcv `e wKbv, AvZnZvq eZx ne wKbv| avi Kiv
BwZnvm-mswZ Avgv`i wbR^ hv wKQz, Zv asm Kie...cwwg mfZvi m Zv`i
wbR^ Ab cwZhvwMZvq hvIqv Kvb KvRi K_v bq...fviZevmx wfyKRvwZ bq|

ewUk`i AZvPvii weivwaZv Ki, wK wbRivB Avevi `wi` I AQzZ`i Ici

AZvPvi Ki _vK| KwjKv GK ZiYx Mnea~ I RvZxqZvev`i g `xwZv,
GK`j mf gvbyl GK Svo`viK wbMnxZ Kij, Avkv Ki, Zvi mg ^vgxwU H
Svo`vii ivq GMve| ^vgxi AbvMn j Ki KwjKv ZvK RvjvZb Ki,
DwRZ Kivi Pv Pvjvq| Svo`vii Abvq, m wfoi gvS KvDK Qzuq w`qwQj!
Gaibi mvay ivRbxwZ hv gvbyl gvbyl h Kwg wef`, mUvi Mvq AuvPowU KvUZ
cvi bv| iex`bv_ Gi AmviZv Dcjw KiQb| wZwb Avkv KiwQjb, mvgvwRK
mnhvM I PZbvi cybixeb viv fviZel hw` KLbv RvZcvZi wfbZv NyP hvq,
ZvnjB Kej Zvi c RMrmfvq GK AbyKiYxq `v vcb me ne|
iex`bv_ Zuvi jLvq RvwZ I agi HK cwZvi welq wek`fve ej
MQb| fviZZx_ vMxZ wZwb mKj RvZ, ag, Mvi fviZevmxK Zv`i
ZzQ cv_KK cvk KvwUq GwMq Gm ivRbxwZi a~wjSoi E GKwZ nZ
Avnvb RvwbqQb, Rbf~wgi gnvb wbqwZi evevqb NUvZ WKQb :
Gmv n Avh, Gmv Abvh,/ wn`y-gymjgvb|/ Gmv Gmv AvR Zzwg BsiR,/ Gmv
Gmv Lvb|/ Gmv evY kywP Kwi gb/ aiv nvZ mevKvi, / Gmv n cwZZ
Kiv AcbxZ/ me Acgvbfvi|/ gvi AwflK Gmv Gmv Ziv/ gjNU nqwb h
fiv,/ mevi-cik-cwe Kiv/ Zx_bxi|/ AvwR fviZi gnvgvbei/ mvMiZxi|
iex`bv_ Dcjw KiZb, Dchy GKZv I mvgev`x PZbvi Dbl me Kej
m`_K wkv, wPvfvebvi AvaywbKvqbi gvag `vwi` `~ixKiY I Kbvkwi gywi
ga w`qmZK Avwjbi Rb PvB gbi ^vwaKviwZwb ejb| Mvxi PiKv
Pvwjq bq, wkvi cmvi NUe fviZevmxi gyw, Aemvb ne AhwK Muvovwg Avi
ehyM hveZ Pj Avmv AbvPvii, Rei`wi| iex`bv_i PiKvq gvjvfi c
cPvi bvgZ Abxnv j Ki Mvx Am nq ejb, mevBK PiKv Nywiq myZv
KvUZ ne| iex`bv_I Ab`i gZv PiKv Nviveb| iex`bv_i DwPZ, Zuvi
wejwZ cvkvK cywoq djv| Cki AvMvgx w`bi wbqK| iex`bv_ Gi Di
kvi m Rvbvb, PiKv KvDK wKQz fvevq bv; Avw`Kvji H PvKv Kej
NvivjB nq, GZ kw-mvg_ ev wePvi-AvPvii Kvb AeKvk bB|
ewK/ mvswZK cybivbi ga w`q weiZv KvwUq ^vaxbZvi ^v`MnY
KiZ ne| fviZ cwgi Rvbjv Lvjv ivLe, cv`wkKZv eRb Kie...
cvvZi KvQ _K cvmwK hv wKQz, mUv Avgiv be... cwgi KvQ _K wKQzB
bev bv hw` ewj, Zvnj m ne Pig K~cgyKZv, ZvZ Kej ewK Aeq
NUe| cZxPB fviZK Zvi gvbm-ewoi eb _K gyw w`Z cvi, fviZevmxi
wP mvnm, mnY, msK, bgbxqZv I kw hywMq ZvK gZ cvYnxb HwZni fvi
_K gy KiZ cvicwgi Gme Y AXj iqQ; hv fviZevmxi bB|
iex`bv_ ^c `LZb, ^vaxb fviZ eev`, RvZxqZvev`, ag I RvZi Muvovwg
eRb Ki wekgvbeZvi Askx`viic GK wekmgvR Mo Zzje| MxZvwji GB
KweZvq cv_bvi myi GB K_vwjB Kwe DPviY KiQb :
wP h_v fqk~b, DP h_v wki;/ vb h_v nZQ gy;/ h_v mxY fvMvfvwMi
`qvj DV c_xK Kiwb kZav wef;/ h_v K_v DrmvwiZ nq mZi Mfxi

_K;/ h_v Kvwnxb Kg Pj myKw Z wbgvY wbii;/ h_v welg gif~g

nvivqwb w`kv ^QZvqv hywi aviv;/ mZZ cmvigvb wPv-Kg gvS h_v gb Ze
avq wi j;/ mB ^vaxbZvi ^M, wcZv, Avgvi ^`k RvMZ nvK|
ip evegq cw_exZ iex`bv_i fviZ-fvebv nqZv evevbyM wQj bv; Zuvi ^ci
fviZ evevqb nqZv KLbvB me wQj bv| cZxP fviZK Zvi ^c evevqb
mnvqZv `e, GgbwU Avkv KivI eva Kwi hywhy nZ bv| Zuvi c~e cwg ce
wZwb hgb ejQb, wZwb RvbZb h cwwg kw fviZ GmwQj m` I gZvi
jvf, Zviv KLbvB fviZevmxi ^ci `k-mgvR Movq mnhvwMZv KiZ Avmwb|
ZeyI iex`bv_i `kfvebv Zuvi gnr I my`i gbiB cwiPvqK; Avgv`i cZKi
Ai h bwZKZveva UbUb Zx iqQ, ZvZB G aibi wPv Svi Zvj
Ae_fve|
Z`ycwi, Dcgnv`k Ryo h wnsmvi Ljv cZ KiwQ Avgiv mB _K
mUvI iex`bv_i eeKB mg_b Ki Kej| fviZ fO eZgvb wZbwU `k
AvZcKvk KiQ : fviZ, cvwKvb I evsjv`k| 1947 mvj fviZ fvM nq fviZ
I cvwKvb ivi Rb nq, GK KvwU gvbyl ZLb Mnnxb nq, `k jvLi gZ gvbyl
cvY nvivq; `ywU eo AvKvii hy msNwUZ nqQ, QvULvU mxgv msNl Zv
jvMvZvi PjQAviv hy, GgbwK cvigvYweK AmwZ nq hyiI gwK-ag&wK
PjQ; RvZ wbq ecivqv evwZi P~ov Avi wK! wn`y-gymjgvbi RvZagwfwK
`vvq nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl cvY w`qQ BZvga, fviZel GLbv `wi` gvbyli
msLv geagvb, ivRbxwZi AmvayZv I MYgvbyli `y`kv mxgvnxb| iex`bv_
mveavbevYx DPviY KiwQjb h, RvZxqZvev`i mebvkv bkvq gvZj
fviZevmxK cwgi gyLvcx nq _vKZ ne, mwUI mZ cgvwYZ nqQ|
fviZel hw`I ^vaxb nqQ (A_P wefI ZvK nZ nqQ!), RvZxqZvev`i ^c
I ^v_i evevqb cwqvq m Zvi ^KxqZveva I wbR^ PZbv nvwiq emQ,
nqQ cwgi nvmKi KwcKvU, chewmZ nqQ be Dcwbekev`xi mnR UvMU!
iex`bv_i GK wek evevqbi ^cI AvR `~i A, hnZz RvZxqZvev` wbwnZ
iqQ cv`wkKZvi exR I mvsw ZK GK`k`wkZv|

kvkwZKx-119

kvkwZKx-120

Dcmsnvi
RxebwZ M iex`bv_ KZzKfi iY KiQb, Zuvi kke AwZevwnZ nq
evwoi PvKi`i gnj, PvKi-evKi`i Z`viwKZB| fZKyj Zv`i `vwqZ duvwK
w`Z gvS-gvS Nii GK RvqMvq LwogvwU w`q `vM w`q evjK iex`bv_K ejZ,
H jYiLvi evBi hvIqv wbla; `vMi evBi cv w`j cwiYvg h Kx fqi nZ
cvi, m welq evjKi kvKzj gb hveZxq wec`i Qwe GuK w`q Zviv wbw
w`evwb`v hZv| jYiLv Agvb Kivq ivgvqYi mxZvi fvM hv NUwQj iex`bv_
mUv RvbZb ej H Rei`wgj
~ K ew``kv gb wbZbAek H `vM gyQ dj
evBii RMZUvK `LeviI BQv wQj A`g| kkei IB AwfZv Kwei Rxebmx
nqwQj, fzjZ cvib wb| h Kvb wblaK wZwb cieZx Rxeb ck KiQb,
AwZg KiZ PqQb| RvZxq mxgviLv Zuvi wbKU GKB iKg kvmivax gb nZ|

eni gvbe mgvR MVbi c_ evav^ic Kvb KuvUvSvci AwZ wZwb gvbZ
PvBZb bv| wZwb ejZb, RvZxqZvev` hw` Kbv nq, Zvnj gvbyl H KbvK ev
I wevix Ki Zzj, fMvwjK mxgviLv wWwOq wekmgvRK Avwjb Kie|
iex`bv_ NvlYv Kib :
AZGe gvbylK wekgvbeZveva ejxqvb nZ ne, LwZ RvZxqZvev`wfwK
Kvb mxYZv bq Avi| WvK GmQ cwZwU gvbyli KvQ, m hvZ wbRK I
Zvi cwicvkK bZzb hyMi bZzb cfvZ wekgvbeZvi HKi Rb KvR eZx
Ki ZzjZ cvi|
iex`bv_ Kw_Z cwqv AvewkKfve wgyLx`e Avi be, wgjve, wgwje...,
hLvb RvwZ I RbMvx GK Abi m, weki gvbyli m wgje, GK
AvRvwZK gvbeZvev`i D`e NUe| Ggvmb hgb ejQb, Zgwb mKj AvwZkh
cwinvi Ki Z PZbv-i Dbl NUvZ ne, hvZ GKK gvbyl ^KxqZv eRvq
ivLe Avevi mgggxI ne| A_ev, BUgvb hgb GKB wbtkvm AvZ Ges
e-i welq DwjZ nq IVb| RvwZqZvev`x AvZcgi Ea DVZ mg
njB iex`bv_i GK wek-Gi PZbv Avgv`i evaMg I ARb nq DVZ cvi|
Aek H chvq cuQZ cwqvq AviKwU gwjK cwieZb NUvbv cqvRb|
eZgvb RvwZ hnZz Kej evwYR I ivRbxwZ-Gi Ici cwZwZ, Gi Afxi
ZvwjKvq bwZKZv ev AvavwZKZvi RvqMv bB| AZGe AvZvK Dvi Ki Zvi
K`xq Aevb emvZ ne| AvZv RvMZ nj gvbyl gvbweK I ggZvi Avavi
cwiYZ nq| AvBbvBbi m GK mvvZ iex`bv_ ejwQjb, Avgvi ag
AjwKK gvbyli m Avgvi AwZ Avi wekgvbei AvZvi wgjb| wbRK
hvPvBqi GB wgyLx cvwbRZ, gvbeZvi wbwiL I Ckii mgxchvi meB
Avevi GK A`k myZvq Mw_ZwekK Gb GK evmvq Zvj| GB nj gvbeZvi
DPZi HKKcviU wekvqb _K Gi cKwZ wfb, hvK iex`bv_ Kej
ivRbwZK ev evwYwRK Dk gvbeZvi HK Awfavq eYbv KiQb! iex`bv_
^c `LQb GK gnvb HKi hvZ gvbeZvi cig KjvY mvwaZ nZ cvi;
AvjvwKZ gvbyl I RvwZiv GKwZ nq AjwKK wekmgvR Moe hLvb
BUgvbi ms Ae gvBmjd KweZvi Nvm hgb, iex`bv_ Zgwb GK Drcvi
gvag Zuvi ^c evevqb cwqv evLv Kib :
Mvjvci Dk hgb GKwU-GKwU `j gjv, hLvb cwZwU cuvcwo Abb,
Zgwb gvbeZvi Mvjvc ZLbB nq DVe Abb, Abycg, hLb weki cwZwU
RvwZi ewk dzU DVe GK Acii m gjvgkvi cwqvq, mKjiB
Mvovq _vKe GKB fvjvevmvi HK, cgi euvab|
iex`bv_-Gi ^c Av`k, wK GUvi evevqb GY Avi me bq| eZgvb hyevwR
Avi nvbvnvwbi gvS we gvbeZvev`i GKwU aviv cevwnZ Kivi cqvRbi welq
GLvb ejv nqQ, hv KiZ nj cwZwU RvZxqZvev`x cwZvb bwZK I AvavwZK
`ywU avivi PPv ejer Kiv AvekK nq coe| Gi A_, eZgvb BwZnvmi cwqv
_K evBi ewiq Gm GK bZzb fwelr iPbv Kiv, hLvb gvbyli ghv`v _vKe
mevi Dci, me RvwZ I gvbyl hLvb mwZB mgvbfve MYZi PPvq wbqZ|

Avevi iex`bv_i ^cc_ Avgv`i gY KiZ A^xKwZ Rvbvbvi Suwy KI

AbK, m welq m`n bB| eZgvb AvMvmx RvZxqZvev`i _vevq Avv Zv
eUB, kl ch AvgYKvixi wbRi AwZB Suwy Ki myLxb nQ| wnsmv cwZwbqZ
wek QovQ fvBivmi gZv| Avgv`i AvMvi cwZw`b bZzb gviYv hvM nQ,
Avgv`i cZKi giY gZv evoQ Anwbwk| cj nv, bZv bxq mgvRZvwK
fwelrevYx KiQb, Rjevqyi ecK cwieZbi gyL evsjv`k A_ev `wY Pxbi
Nb emwZc~Y GjvKv _K wecyj RbMvxK Ab miZ nZ cvi A_ev
gacvP A_ev `wY BDivc RjmU ev giKiY cwqv `Lv w`Z cvi; wek
gvbyli Avqi welgZv evoe; wekevcx gvbevwaKvi jNbi NUbv evoe; gvwKb
hyivi KZZ
ewi ceYZv evoe Ges bZyb wfzK`i mvgwiK Pvj eov
kwK fveve; DbZ `ki ^v_ciZv wekK msNvZgq AvRvwZK cwiek
icvwiZ Kie, GKwesk kZvxZ MZvbyMwZK hyi m mxwgZ cvigvYweK
hyI msNwVZ nZ cvi| GiKg fwelrevYx gvbeZvi Rb Kej `ytL I asmB
WK Avbe| Avi evaKwi Avgv`i RM Nygvbvi mgq bB, gvbeZvi Kwe
iex`bv_i ^cc_ gYB Avgv`i ce
nZ neAvRvwZK kvw, gx I
bvqi cwZvq mKjK GKhvM KvR bvgZ ne, Aemvb NUvZ ne eZgvb
^v_v RvZxqZvev` I hys`nx `kcgiZvnjB Kej `yt^c Govbv Ges
BwZnvmi PvKv Nvivbvi KvR me nZ cvi|

kvkwZKx-121

kvkwZKx-122

mvwnZKvMR msev`

wP
ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq _K AvM gvm cKvwkZ nqQ knx` BKevji
mv`bvq wPi 21Zg msLv| cieZx msLvi KvR PjQ...|
hvMvhvM : mv`K, 01715319362, 01710000847
[email protected]

wbwiL
ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq _K AvM gvm cKvwkZ nqQ mwdKzbe x
mvgvw`i mv`bvq mvwnZ I wki KvMR wbwiLi 4_ el, 1g msLv|
cieZx msLvi KvR PjQ...|
hvMvhvM : mv`K, 01715138900, [email protected]

KjvY Kzy

gymvwjwb I iex`bv_
Abyev` : ivZzj cvj

MYgywi Avcvlnxb mg_K iex`bv_ GKevi AwZ `ytLRbK GKwU fyj KiwQjb
dvwmev`x gymvwjwbi AvgY MnY Ki| NUbvwU ek mgvjvwPZ nqwQj AvRvwZK
Ab, wekl Ki BDivci evgcx msev`gvagwjZ| klch cwiwwZ wbi
KiZ iex`bv_K AvgY MnY Kivi KviY evLv Ki ez Pvjm AvyRK GKwU
wPwV wjLZ nq| wPwVwU gvbPvi MvwWqvb bvgK cwKvq 1926 mvji 5B AvM
cKvwkZ nqwQj| cieZxZ wPwVwU cybtmvw`Z I Ab~w`Z nq cKvwkZ nq
BDivci wewfb msev`c| Ze gymvwjwb kvwmZ BZvwjZ iex`bv_i gYK
K` Ki m fzj evSveywSi Aemvb evevwqZ nZ ek wKQzUv mgq bq| wbgv
ce wecixZ Av`k I wekvmi `yB ewZi GK AmsjM mvvZi msw eYbv
`Iqv nqQ| iex`bv_ BZvwjZ wMqwQjb megvU `yBevic_g evi 1925 mvj
I cii evi 1926 mvj, hw`I Bsjv hvIqvi c~e I AevbKvjxb mgq wZwb ek
KqKevi BZvwji wfZi w`q hvv Kib|
1920-Gi `kK BZvwji ivRbwZK cwiwwZ
h eQi gymvwjwb gZvq Avmb, A_vr 1922 mvji Avei gvmi AvM BZvwjZ
ivRbwZK wekLjv `Lv `q Ges ZrKvjxb cavbgx jyBwM dvKUv gymvwjwbi
bZZ msNwUZ we`vn `gb KiZ e_ nb| BZvwji A_bxwZ GB mgq fvimvgnxb
nq co Ges AvkvRbKfve ew cZ _vK mvm I nZvKv| msm`xq kvmb
eev cwiwwZi mvgvj w`Z AcviM nq co| mgvRZxiv m-mgq AbZg cavb
ivRbwZK kw wQj, wK BZvwji eywRxex m`vq Zv`iK gZvmxb `j wnme
gb wbZ A^xKwZ Rvbvq| Ggb AwwZkxj cwiwwZi `iY gZvq AvmZ mg_
nb gymvwjwb | 1922 mvji Avei ivg msNwUZ weLvZ gvPi ci BZvwji ivRv
wfvwiI Bgvbyqj wfb Kvb mgvavbi c_ LyuRZ e_ nq gymvwjwb I Zvi
bvkbvj dvwm cvwUK miKvi MVb KiZ ejb|
gymvwjwb AwZ `yZ cwiwwZi wbqY bb, Ges G mnhvwMZv hvMvq Zvi
ewMZ evKkvU evwnbx, hviv wbggfve `gb Ki gymvwjwb-weivax`i|
msev`gvagi ^vaxbZv wejy Kiv nq Ges AwZ `yZB mKj msev`c nq co
dvwm wbqwZ| 1924 mvj gymvwjwb I Zvi wgwjwkqv evwnbx mvm, wg_v cPviYv
Avi fvU KviPzwci gvag wbevPb GKK msLvMwiZv cvq| Avgvjv I
gvwIwZi gZv wKQz mgvRZvwK bZv wbevPbi djvdj wbq ck ZzjwQjb, Ges
dj^ic Zv`iK wbnZ nZ nq evKkvU evwnbxi nvZ| Gici MYnZv i nj
BZvwji e msLK eywRxex `k _K cvwjq BDivci Abvb `k Avkq wbZ
_vKb| mgvRZx`i mv_ Gic wbgg AvPiY AvRvwZK chvq gymvwjwbi
fveg~wZi Dci bwZevPK cfve djwQj| dvi mgvRZvwK msev`gvagwjZ
Gi Kov mgvjvPbv Kiv nq| gymvwjwb c_g _KB GKwU evcvi Dcjw
kvkwZKx-123

KiwQjb, Zv njwbRi `k ghv`v AzY ivLZ nj AvRv wZK chvq Zvi

fveg~wZ Dj Kiv cqvRb, Ges kwkvjx we`kbxwZ Ges mwVK cPviYv Qvov Zv
ARb Kiv me ne bv| wZwb cvqB we`wk msev`gvag, cfvekvjx eweM I
mvswZK cwZwbwa`i AvgY KiZb Zvi kvmbeevi mvdj cPvi Kivi Rb|
GB ivRbwZK cvcU iex`bv_ 1925 mvj AvRwUbv _K hvv Ki BZvwjZ
Avmb c_g evii gZ|
iex`bv_i c_g BZvwj gY, 1925
iex`bv_i KvQ BZvwj hvevi c_g AvbyvwbK AvgY Avm wgjvbi
wdjjvwRKvj mvmvBwU bvgK GKwU emiKvwi AKvWwg _K| dvi I Zzwib
gYmn mdiwUi evw nevi K_v wQj megvU 25 w`bi| wK AmyZ
vi KviY
iex`bv_K gYi `N KgvZ nq| G-mgq BZvwjqvb wPwKrmKiv Szwu K bv wbq
ZuvK fviZ wdi hvevi civgk `b| evwZj Kiv nq dvi I Zzwib gYi
wmv | kl ch wZwb wew`wm wMq RvnvR fviZi Dk iIbv `b|
iex`bv_i AmyZ
v wKQzUv weeZKi Aevq dj AvqvRK`i| wgjvb I
fwbm gvbyli D Af_bv cq LyeB Avbw`Z nqwQjb iex`bv_, dj
AmyZ
vi KviY GB nVvr cv b iex`bv_KI ek weeZ KiwQj| kixi my nj
iex`bv_ BQvcvlY Kib cybivq BZvwj gYi| Zuvi GB cZvkv wZwb e Kib
GKwU KweZvq, hwU BZvwjqvb fvlvq Ab~w`Z nq m `ki msev`gvag cPvwiZ
nq iex`bv_ wdi Avmvi c~eB|
wgjvb AevbKvjxb mgq iex`bv_i mv_ mvvr nq cdmi diwgwPi, whwb
wQjb ivg wekwe`vjqi GKRb fviZ-wekvi` I msZ
fvlvi cwZ| diwgwPB
iex`bv_i BZvwj mdii cavb D`vv wQjb, Ges Zuvi BZvwj mdii mgq
`vfvlxi f~wgKv cvjb Kib| wgjvb Qo Avmvi c~e iex`bv_ diwgwPK
wekfviZxZ AwZw_ AavcK wnme hvM `evi AvgY RvbvZ| GQvovI
iex`bv_ ZuvK h_vh_ Znwej MVb Ki wewbgqi wfwZ wekfviZxi Rb GKRb
BZvwjqvb cwZ eev Kivi cvkvcvwk BZvjxq mvwnZ I wkKjvi eB c`vbi
Abyiva Kib| AvgY MnY Kib diwgwP| ivg gY bv Kivi `iY c_gevi
iex`bv_i mv_ gymvwjbi mvvr nqwb, Ze gymvwjwb wgjvb iex`bv_i
DcwwZ mK vZ wQjb|
iex`bv_i wZxq BZvwj gY, 1925
cdmi diwgwP wekfviZx _K AvbyvwbKfve wbqvMc cvb 1925 mvji
RyjvBq| ^vfvweKfveB wZwb Lywk nb, Ze cvkvcvwk wKQzUv DwMI wQjb wZwb,
KviY ZLb Aw cvweZ BZvwjqvb cwZ I BZvjxq eBqi Rb cqvRbxq A_i
eev KiZ mg_ nbwb| cwiwwZ Zvi Rb AviI wKQzUv weeZKi nq co, KviY
wZwb RvbZb c~ee Zx Abvb BDivcxq AwZw_ AavcKiv iex`bv_i
wekwe`vjqK wewfb DcKiY w`q mvnvh KiQb| Ab Kvb weK bv cq wZwb
cwiwwZ evLv Ki I mvnvh Pq mivmwi wPwV jLb gymvwjwbi KvQ|

kvkwZKx-124

Gi AvM Aw fviZ m^ gymvwjwbi Zgb Kvb ciivbxwZ wQj bv| aygv GKwU
BZvwji cwKvq gymvwjwbi GKwU jLvq fviZ DjwLZ nqwQj, hLvb wZwb ge
Kib h, gdjv we`vni ga w`q fviZ wewUk kvmbi Aemvb ne| cKZc,
wek `kKi gvSvgvwS mgq fviZi cwiwwZ dvwm cPvimsNi Rb AbyK~j nq
co| gymvwjwbi DjwLZ iPbvwUB wQj c~eeZx KqK eQi _K mB mgq ch
BZvwjZ cv fviZi Dci fvlg~jK GKgv iPbv|
wK diwgwPi wPwVwU W Gm cuQvbv gvB gymvwjwb gb gb GuK djb
GKwU Pvi bKkv| wZwb iex`bv_i evcvi AZyrmvnx nq cob| meZ wZwb
aviYv KiwQjb, iex`bv_i gZv GKRb AvRvwZK LvwZmb kvw I
gvbegywi cZxKx ewZi BwZevPK ge I cksmv cj ewnwek Zvi kvmb
g~jvwqZ ne|
`yZB iex`bv_ gymvwjwbi j cwiYZ nb| Gi cQb AviI wKQz KviY wQj|
iex`bv_ BZvwjqvb fvlv RvbZb bv, Ges BZvwji ivRbxwZ mKI Zuvi Lye ewk
aviYv wQj bv| Gme KviY gymvwjwbi KvQ diwgwPi wPwV Avmv gvB Zv Abygvw`Z
nq| gymvwjwb wbwZ wQjb h iex`bv_ Zuvi duv` cv `eb|
cdmi diwgwPi kv KU hvq| wZwb 1925 mvji bf^i wekfviZxZ hvM`vb
Kib, Ges mv_ Ki wbq Avmb BZvwjqvb ac`x mvwnZi GKwU m~Y jvBewi
I cdmi Uzwm bvgK AviKRb cLvZ cwZK, GK eQii Rb hvi m~Y
A_vqbi `vwqZ MnY Ki BZvwj miKvi| gymvwjwbi webq AZ Lywk nqwQjb
iex`bv_, Ges Awej^ KZZv Rvbvb UwjMvgevZvq| wZwb jLb :
Avwg wbwZ Ki ejZ cvwi h, BZvwji RbcwZwbwai wbKU _K cv gnvbyfeZvi GB
D`vniY, Avcbvi I Avgv`i `ki mvswZK mKi c_ Lyj `e, hvi viv mw nZ
cvi HwZnvwmK `v|

iex`bv_ KZZv RvbvZ wbRB BZvwj wMq `Lv KiZ PqwQjb cdmi
diwgwPi m| ZvQvov c~ecwZkwZ Abyhvqx iex`bv_i w`Zxqevi BZvwj gY
AvekK wQj| diwgwP AvRvwZK mK gvjqK Kwei BZvwj gYi BQvi K_v
AewnZ Kib| gymvwjwbi cwiKbv evevwqZ nZ i Ki Gi gvag| BZvwj
miKvi iex`bv_i Rb AvwZ_qZvi gvv ew Ki|
iex`bv_ ivg cuQvb 1926 mvji 30k g| cii w`bB cdmi diwgwPK wbq
wZwb gymvwjwbi mv_ cvjvv wPwMZ Zvi Awdm `Lv KiZ hvb| GLvbB c_g
gyLvgywL mvvr nq iex`bv_ I gymvwjwbi| c_g AvjvcB gymvwjwb iex`bv_K
ejb, Avwg mB me BZvwjqvb`i GKRb, hviv Avcbvi me eB coQ; Aek hwj
Avgv`i fvlvq Ab~w`Z nqQ mwj|

GKchvq Kwe hLb ejb h RbZvi Dk eZvi welqe wZwb wbaviY KiZ
cvib wb, gymvwjwb ZrYvr Rvi w`q ejb, wk wbq ejyb, wk wbq ejyb|
G-cm gymvwjwbi RxebxKvi wjLQb, wZwb Lye iZi mv_ wki Zvrchi K_v
ejZb Ges ZrKvjxb wkx`i Dci Zvi h_ cfve wQj; wK ewMZfve wZwb ^xKvi
KiZb h wZwb wPKjv evSb bv, Ges Amvl cKvk KiZb h BZvwji ivRbxwZ
gvZK I weKZ bv`wbK g~jevai AbymiYi `iY cvrc` nq coQ|

iex`bv_ I gymvwjwbi ga AvavNvevcx AZ AvwiK Avjvc-AvjvPbv nq| Gmgq cdmi diwgwP gymvwjwbi K_v BsiwRZ Abyev` Ki w`wQjb Kwei Rb;
Ze Kwei K_v Abyev`i cqvRb nwQj bv, KviY axi MwZZ BsiwR ejv nj
gymvwjwb eySZ cviZb| AvjvcPvwiZv kl gymvwjwb ejb, AvgvK ay Rvbveb
Avcwb Kx KiZ Pvb| Avcbvi Rb m-mei eev KiZ cvij Avwg AZ Lywk nev|

nvUj divi c_ diwgwP gymvwjwb mK cv_wgK Abyf~wZ RvbZ PvBj

iex`bv_ ejb, wbtm`n wZwb gnvb ewZ| Zuvi wki`k Ggb GK ZR AvQ hv
AvgvK gvBKj Avvjvi Luv`vBhi K_v gb Kwiq `q| ZvQvov, Zuvi wfZi Ggb
GK mijZv AvQ h, G-K_v wekvm KivB KwVb wZwb GKRb wbyi GKbvqK, hgbUv AbK
eYbv Ki _vK| GB eei wKQz Ask msev`gvag cPvwiZ nq|
gymvwjwbi RxebxKvi wjLQb : hv`i mv_ Zvi mvvr Kg nZv Zv`i Dci Zvi
ewMZ AvKlY gZv ewk KvR KiZ| wZwb BQv Kij hKvbv AwZw_K gy KiZ
cviZb...| iex`bv_I Gi ewZg wQjb bv|

Dci gymvwjwb I iex`bv_i mvvZi GKwU msw eYbv `Iqv nqQ, hvi Lei
BZvwji msev`gvag iZi mv_ cPvwiZ nq| ejcPvwiZ GKwU dvwmev`x
msev`ci mvsevw`K be-BZvwj mK wKQz wjLZ ejj Kwe jLb, Avwg ^c
`wL AwMmvb _K DrmvwiZ BZvwji Awebki AvZv Avwef~Z ne A`g AvjvKi
AveiY| gewU cKvwkZ nq BZvwji ek wKQz msev`c|
cieZx `yB mvn (1-13 Ryb, 1926) iex`bv_ ivgi ewkifvM `kbxq vb gY
Kib, `Lv Kib ivRvi m, weUbi iv`~ Zi m Ask bb gavfvRb,
ivgi Mfbii KZK
Kjvwmqvg Af_xZ nb, I wKQz msev`c mvvrKvi `b,
hvi wfZi ek wKQz DwZ fzjfve evLv Kiv nq, Ges hnZz iex`bv_ BZvwjqvb
fvlv RvbZb bv ZvB AmwZwj Zuvi AMvPi _K hvq| ivg wekwe`vjqI
KweK mv`i Af_bv Rvbvq, Ges wZwb wKQz eZv `b mLvb, hvi wfZi AbZg
wQj The Meaning of Art kxlK GKwU eZv, hLvb DcwZ wQjb ^qs
gymvwjwb| mw`b `ycy i iex`bv_ diwgwPK ejb, gymvwjwb hZw`b RxweZ AvQb,
BZvwjK ZZw`b wbivc` ejv hvq| BZvwji mxgvbv cvi nevi ci, hviv GB `kwU mK
bwZevPK gZ cKvk Kie, Zv`i Kx Di w`Z ne eySZ cviwQ| A`i cwinvm

iex`bv_ `kZB gymvwjwbi ge cfvweZ nb, Ges gymvwjwbi Zveavb

wbqvMKZ cdmi Uzwm I Dcnvi^ic c`vbKZ jvBewii Rb abev` Rvbvb|
gymvwjwb RvbZ Pvb iex`bv_ KZv w`bi Rb ivg Aevb Kieb|
cii mvnB dvi hvevi cwiKbvi K_v RvbZ ci gymvwjwb KweK ivg
Kgc cbiv w`b Aevb Ki I wekvg wbq wewfb `kbxq vb Nyi `Lvi Abyiva
Kib| iex`bv_ AveviI KZZv Rvbvb gymvwjwbK| cieZxZ `xN AvjvcPvwiZvi

iex`bv_K BZvwji mxgvbv cvi nevi ci bwZevPK geB KiZ nqwQj!

ivg Qvovi c~e iex`bv_ gymvwjwbi mv_ wZxqevi mvvr Kib 13B Ryb|
mevii mvvrwU wQjv AviI `xN I AvwiKZvc~Y| ^fveZB iex`bv_ mLvb
c~e-cwgi mwjb m^ Zuvi gZvgZ e Kib| wZwb ejwQjb, BZvwj GK

kvkwZKx-125

kvkwZKx-126

gnvb RvwZmv, Ges ZvB RvwZ wnme Gkxq I BDivcxq mfZvi HK cwZvq f~wgKv
ivLvi Rb m hvMZg| gymvwjwb mZ nb| iex`bv_ AviI ejb, `ytLRbKfve

Avcwb weki ga mePq wbw`Z| gymvwjwb mij gyLfw wbq Di `b, Avwg
Rvwb, wK Avwg Kx-B ev KiZ cvwi? cieZxZ gymvwjwb ivgK AvRvwZK
bMixZ icvi Kivi BQv e Kib iex`bv_i KvQ, Ges AveviI ckswmZ
nb| Aekl Kwe gymvwjwbK Zvi ^vim^wjZ GKwU Qwe `evi Abyiva Rvbvb|
mvvZi GLvbB mgvw NU, Ze m-mgq BZvwji msev` gvag GB mvvZi
K_v DjwLZ nqwQj wKbv, Zvi Kvb cgvY GLbI cvIqv hvqwb|
cii w`b iex`bv_ ivg Qo dvi hvb, Ges cieZxZ hvb Zzwib| 22k Ryb
BZvwji mxgvbv ZvMi c~e iex`bv_ gymvwjwbK GKwU evZv cvVvb, hvevi c~e Avwg
m`q AvwZ_qZv I m`q gbvfvei Rb AvwiK abev` RvbvB AvcbvK I BZvwjevmx`i,
hv`i cwZwbwaZ Kib Avcwb| GB evZv cvwVq Ub myBRvijvi Dk BZvwj ZvM

Kib iex`bv_, hLvb cieZxZ Zuvi KLbvB wdi Avmv nqwb|

BZvwj gYvi mdi

myBRvijv iex`bv_ KqK mvn ivgBb ivjvi mvwba KvUvb, Ges Zuv`i
wfZi `xN AvjvPbv nq| ivjv wQjb BZvwji dvwmev`x kvmb eevi Kvi
mgvjvPK, whwb Kwei mvgb Zzj aib dvwmev`x ivwUi geagvb `gbbxwZ,
mvm I bksmZvi evewP|
BZvwj mdii kli w`K iex`bv_ wbRB wKQzUv A^weva KiwQjb, wK
gymvwjwbi Af_bvq wZwb GZvB ivgvwZ nqwQjb h, BZvwj Gm wZwb fzj
KiQb mUv wekvm KiZ cZ wQjb bv| BDivcxq msev`gvag cPvwiZ
iex`bv_i BZvwj mdi msv wKQz ZxhK ge m^I ivjv AewnZ Kib
KweK| wZwb Pv Kib iex`bv_K Zuvi v aviYv _K gy KiZ, Ges Rvbvb
h BZvwjZ gZ cKvki ^vaxbZv iva Kiv nqQ|
ivjvi ee b iex`bv_ Dfq mU cob, Ges cwiYvg^ic BZvwjZ Zuvi
AcQ`bxq wKQz welqi weeiY w`q GKwU mvvrKvi cKvk (hw`I Pvc co) ivwR
nb| ivjv cvwim _K Zuvi ez WznvgjK wbq Avmb mvvrKviwU dvi
msev`c cKvki Rb| wK wecw NU GeviI| iex`bv_ GLvbI gymvwjwbi
RuvKRgKc~Y Af_bvi K_v DjL bv KiZ AcviM nb| nZvk nq ivjv I
Wzgvnj iex`bv_K BZvwj _K wbevwmZ`i KvQ _K mZ kvbvi c~e Abyiva
Kib Kvbv ge bv KiZ|
iex`bv_i mv_ RywiL cdmi mvjfv`wi I wfqbvZ gwWwMmqvwbi mvvZi
eev Kiv nq| cdmi mvjfv`wi AmyZvi KviY AvmZ AcviM nq coj
mvvr KiZ Avmb Zuvi x|
AvjvcPvwiZvi c_gB wgmm mvjfv`wi KweK ejb, eZgvb mvm I nZvi
f~wgZ cwiYZ nIqv BZvwjZ Avcwb Kb Mjb?
iex`bv_ evLv Kib Zuvi BZvwj gYi cUf~wg| GK chvq Kwe ejb, dvwm
Av`vjbi m~cvZ ev Gi Kvhvewj mK Aaqb Kivi Avgvi Kvbv myhvM nqwb, Ges
G-evcvi Avwg Kvbv geI Kwiwb| GgbwK ewkifvM mvvrKvi Avwg mZKZvi mv_
evLv KiwQ h, Aaqbi AfvenZy dvwmev`i c ev wec wKQz ejvi gZv Dchy bB
Avwg...Ze GKRb wkxi `wKvY _K ew gymvwjwb AvgvK AvKlY KiQb...Zvi
kvkwZKx-127

KZZk
xj ewZ AvgvK h_ cfvweZ KiQ...BZvwjZ Avwg hv`i msk MwQ mevB
GKevK ^xKvi KiQ h, BZvwjK bivR I gnvwechq _K Dvi KiQb gymvwjwb|
wgmm mvjfv`wi ZLb ejb, ...evcviwU mZ bq...GUv dvwmev` mg_K`i
ge...hviv wecixZ aviYv cvlY Kib, Zv`i mv_ AvcbvK `LvB KiZ `Iqv
nqwb...gymvwjwb BZvwjK Pig A_bwZK `yiev _K iv KiQb, GK_v wVK bq|
gymvwjwb gZvq Avmvi c~e BZvwji A_bwZK Aev AviI fvjv wQj| wjivi (BZvwjqvb
gy`v ) Aev `Lyb, AvM GK cvDi mvc Gi g~jgvb wQj 70 Avi GLb
130...we`wkiv Gme Rvbbv Avi evievi MZvbyMwZK K_vB ej...wK h evcviwU AvgvK
mePq `ytL w`qQ Zv njv, Avcwb AwbQvKZfveB dvwmev`K mg_b KiZ mvnvh
KiQb| Avgiv eySZ cviwQ NUbvwU AwbQvKZ, KviY Avcbvi gZ KjvYgyLx ewi c
GUv Kiv me bq|

wgmm mvjfv`wi KweK Ggb AbK NUbvi K_v ejb, hvi mvx wQjb wZwb wbRB|
m~Y AvjvPbvwU vqx nq cvq GK Nv, Ges Avei gvm cKvwkZ nq w`
gvbPvi MvwWqvb cwKvq| cieZxZ (gwWwMmqvwb, gvwIwZi wePviKvjxb
DwKj) I AvbRwjqv evjvevbdi mv_ wfqbvq `Lv nj, ZuvivI KweK Abyic
K_v ejb| Gme fvl ^fveZB wePwjZ Ki iex`bv_K, Ges wZwb gvbwmK hYvq
cxwoZ nZ _vKb, hgbUv nqwQj mvZ eQi c~e AgZmi nZvKvi mgq| Gici
wfqbv _K iex`bv_ fviZ emevmiZ Zuvi ez Pvjm GvbWyRi KvQ BZvwj
gYi mg cUf~wg evLv Ki GKwU wPwV jLb| wek` eYbvhy I webxZ fvlvq
wjwLZ wPwVwU w` gvbPvi MvwWqvb-G cKvwkZ nq 1926-Gi 5B AvM|
BZvwji cwZ iex`bv_i gbvfvei nVvr cwieZb `L wewZ nb cdmi
diwgwP| wZwbI GKB cwKvq Zuvi `wKvY _K NUbvi evLv Ki cvv Reve
w`q GKwU iPbv jLb| Gw`K iex`bv_i wPwVi Kvgj ^i ivjvi gbtc~Z
wQj bv, ZvB wZwb wPwVwUi gyL welqwj wbevPb Kivi ci cybtmvw`Z I Abyev`
Ki BDivci wewfb ccwKvq cKvki Rb cvVvb| g~jZ iex`bv_i mv_
gymvwjwbi BZvwji mK kl nq GLvbB|
GK_v mZ h, iex`bv_ gymvwjwbi mvnbx ewZ cfvweZ nqwQjb, wK GB
gvn gymvwjwb Avwewmwbqv I f~gamvMi-cvke Zx ivRwj AvgY Kij KU
hvq| iex`bv_ GKevii RbI dvwmev`i mg_b Kib wb; wK hnZz gymvwjwb
I dvwmev` AbKUv mgv_Kic eeZ nZv, ZvB Zuvi geK AbK
fzjfve DZ Kiv nq BZvwji msev`gvag|
BZvwji RbMY `yB mvn ciB iex`bv_i `Iqv mvvrKvi I GvbWyRK jLv
wPwV m^ RvbZ cvi| evjvsMv _K cKvwkZ GKwU `wbK AvmvjUv-Z 2
k AvM cKvwkZ nq GKwU cwZe`b :
iex`bv_ VvKzi, whwb `yevi BZvwjZ Gm Zvi Kve viv Avgv`i civwPZ Ki MQb,
GKRb e AwfbZv Ges Avgv`i mevP NYvi cv nevi hvM...GB i bvbv kvmKeM
viv wbqvwRZ| cPiz eZb cvb wZwb cwZwU eZv w`q| myPZzi GB ew Zvi KweZv I
eZvi gZB gaygq, whwb AvgwZ nq BZvwjZ Gm A_ I miKvii mvnvh cqwQjb|
wZwb BZvwji cksmv Kib, Mievw^Z Kib dvwmev`K Ges cksmvMxZ Mvb
gymvwjwbi...BZvwji mxgvbv cvi nq Acwe AvZvi AwaKvix GB e, whwb BZvwjevmxK

kvkwZKx-128

Zvi Kvjv Rvev I mv`v kky w`q gy KiwQjb, BZvwji dvwmev` I gymvwjwbi mK
bwZevPK ge Kib...wZwb AvPiY KiQb cwZZvi gZv, hviv me mgq njd Ki ej
h Zviv eZgvb Lii cgB wbgM| AvR Avgiv `vwe KiwQ h, Kwe wnme Avgiv
iex`bv_K Avi cQ` Kwi bv, KviY wZwb cilewRZ I gi`nxb| GKRb KcU, Amr
I wbj ew wnme wZwb Avgv`i weiwi D`M Kib|

Avi Gi mv_ gymvwjwbi iex`bv_K ivRbwZK cPviYvi Ask Kivi cwiKbv

a~wjmvr nq|
cyb
1930 mvj Kwe ivwkqv gY kl wbDBqK Avmj cybivq cdmi diwgwPi mv_
`Lv nq| diwgwP mB mgq eviKZ AwZw_ AavcKi `vwqZ cvjb KiwQjb|
`yRbi wfZi AvjvcPvwiZvi GK chvq iex`bv_ gymvwjwbi mv_ Zuvi fyjevSveywS Aemvb Kivi wmvi K_v DjL Kib| diwgwP iex`bv_K civgk
`b me wKQz evLv Ki gymvwjwbK GKwU wPwV w`Z| iex`bv_ wPwVi GKwU Lmov
jLb Ges mivmwi gymvwjwbi KvQ bv cvwVq, kvwwbKZb Zuvi cyi wbKU
cvVvb MnYhvMZv hvPvBqi Rb| wZwb wjLwQjb (21 bf^i, 1930) :

gnvgvb
cvqB Avwg iY Kwi, Kxfve Avgvi cig ez cdmi diwgwPi gvag cv Avcbvi
gnvbyfeZvi wb`kb Avgv`i wewZ KiwQj| Ag~j Dcnvi^ic cv BZvwjqvb
mvwnZi mB jvBewiwU Avgv`i KvQ GK gnvg~jevb m`, hwU Avgv`i cwZvb
AZ ckswmZ nqwQj, Avi Gi Rb Avgiv Avcbvi wbKU Mfxifve KZ|
BZvwjZ Avwg AwZw_ wnme hvIqvi ci AvwZ_qZvq h Amvgvb D`viZv `wLqwQjb
Avcwb, Zvi RbI Avwg ewMZfve KZ| Avwg AvwiKfve Avkv Kwi h, Avgvi I
Avcbvi `ki Awaevmx`i, hv`i Rb Avgvi iqQ AKwg fvjevmv, ga m fzjevSveywS wPivqx ne bv, Ges Avcwb I Avcbvi RvwZi KvQ Avgvi GB KZZv MnxZ ne|
ivRbxwZ GKwU RvwZi wbR^ evcvi, wK Zvi mswZ mgM gvbe-RvwZi| GKwU `ki
AvZcKvk h-mKj welqi wPib g~j iqQ, ZvK ^xKvi Ki bIqv Avgvi KZe|
BZvwji c _K Avgv`i cwZvb c`vbKZ GB gnr Dcnvi myhvM Ki w`qQ GK
PZbvrmei, hv wPiAvb ie, Ges wPiKvj Avcbvi AvwiK mnvbyf~wZi cwZ kvi
`vwe Rvbve|
wPiKZ
iex`bv_ VvKzi|

wPwVwU gymvwjwbi KvQ cvVvbv nqwQj wKbv, m evcvi GLbI Rvbv hvqwb|
gvwiI cqvii gZ wPwVwU cvVvbv nqwQj, Ze mwU gymvwjwbi nvZ cuQwQj
wKbv, Zv bq|

kvkwZKx-129

AvjdIbhv kvn&Kvb

weZ wkjv : iex`bv_ I jvwUb AvgwiKv cm

Abyev`: wnkvg g. bvRi

K ejZ cvie, cyKy i hLb GKwU wkjv Qvov nq, Kv_vq hvq ZLbKvi Zwi mB
Zijv? KqK mvn AvM, hLb jvwUb AvgwiKv Ges fviZxq mvwnZ wbq GK
BjwbK AvjvPbvi ga jvwUb AvgwiKvi cvVK`i KvQ iex`bv_ VvKyii DuPy
Aevbi K_v DjL Kivi Sywu K wbB, ZLb AbK AevK nqwQj| Avi AvwgI h
AevK nqwQjvg mUv AvgvK gvbZB ne, KviY KLbI GwU Avgvi gv_vq Avmwb
h jvwUb AvgwiKvZ VvKyii DcwwZ Kviv KvQ eLvv kvbvZ cvi, GKRb
evOvwji KvQ Zv gvUI bv| ek, GKRb nqZvev GKUy ewk wKQyB mZtwm ej
ai bq ev wbZ cQ` Ki, Avgvi Qv `k, KvvwiKvqkxjsKvi _K hv wKQy
eo neGKRb nqZvev GKUy ewk wKQy ai bIqvi ceYZv `Lvq|
Ze nuv, GKRb GwU ejZB cvi h jvwUb AvgwiKv Avi fviZ `ywU wfb RMZ
Ges GB wefw viv cYvw`Z nq, ZiMyjvi Drm cybivq LuvRv evOvwj cvVK`i
Rb nqZv Riywi, GwU `Lvi Rb h jvwUb AvgwiKvq VvKyii GLbKvi Aevb
Avi GLvbKvi wPvwe``i Ici Zuvi Zxe fvebvi Kx cfve wQj| GwUB nj GB
cei I mvgb Aviv hMyjv jLv ne Zvi gj fve : VvKyi Ges bZyb weki ga
mKMyjv cybtwbgvYi mv_| GwU AekB mwPZ Ki h GKUv mPbvi `iKvi iqQ
: Ggb GKwU gnv`k hv wKbv fviZ _K GZv Avjv`v, Kxfve iex`bv_ VvKyi
jvwUb AvgwiKvq GZUv cwiwPZ Avi wcq nq DVjb? K Rvb, Zviv nqZvev ZZUv
Avjv`vI bv| hfveB nvK, ewk w`b AvMKvi K_v bvGKRb BUvjxI bvweK h
wKbv Bbi nq bhvv KiwQj, Zvi wevwi Rb ZLbI Avgv`i gnv`kK
Iq BwR ej WvKv nZv, Ges hw`I GLb GB bvg Kvwiweqvb mgy` AewZ
xcjvi wKQy AskKB kyay wb`k Ki, ZviciI AbK wgj Lyu R cvIqv hve
Kjv^vm h fviZ LyR
u wQj Avi mwZKvi A_ m hv Lyu R cqwQj Zv`i ga`yB
wekvj gnv`k, hv`i f~LwPi wevi Av`
vxq iLv _K ZylviveZ Pov ch,
Avi Zv`i wecyj RbmsLv hv kLvbK RvwZ MvxK wbq MwVZ|
Kviv Kviv KvQ GB mv`kMyjv jvwUb AvgwiKvi mv_ VvKyii Kve I
wPvi h Mvp mK wQj Ges hv GLbI AvQ Zv cwivifve Zyj aiZ cvi|
w`jx wekwe`vjq VvKyii cvywjwci Dci GKwU eZvq gwKvi Kwe IKUBwfI
cvR (1990 mvj mvwnZ bvej cv, whwb fviZI wKQyKvj Aevb Kib)
DjL Kib bxi` Payix-Gi jLv GKwU iPbv, hLvb GB fviZxq cwZ e Avi
jvwUb AvgwiKvi ga mv`kMyjvi w`K `KcvZ Kib| cvR GB mv`kMyjvK
Kivjv I Mvqv ch weZ Kib, GB ej h, bZyb wek Bb, cZyw MR, AvwdKv
Ges AvgwiKvi Awaevmx`i weiva _K h mvswZK mgbq-cPv PjwQj
mgbq-cPv hUvK wKbv wKZ
y kjx bvgwU MnY KiZ nqwKQyUv miKgB NUwQj
fviZi GB wZbwU ivR, hLvb cwgxq cfve fviZi wekvj HwZni mv_ wgk
kvkwZKx-130

hvIqvZB wQj, Zv wbwq KivZ bq| ZviciI, cvRi gZ, GwU Kwei cwZ
AvKlYi KviY cyivcywi evLv Ki bv, whwb wKbv jvwUb AvgwiKvq gv GKevi
GmwQjb, whwb KLbI vwbk fvlv wkLb bvB, Avi hvi jLwbi Dci vwbk I
jvwUb AvgwiKvi mvwnZi Zgb Kvbv DjLhvM cfveI wQj bv| Ges jvwUb
AvgwiKvi cvVK, jLK I wPvwe``i Dci VvKyii h Mvp cfve wQj Ges GLbI
AvQ Zvi bvhZv cwZcv`b KiZ GwU ay cPfve AKZKvhB ne bv, hv cvR
wbR `vwe Kib, eis Avgvi gZ GwU weklZ GK Ges GKgv Zuvi `xN
RbwcqZvi KviY : Zvi KweZvi Rv`yK, A Kie|
Kwei AvMgb
GwU Rvbv hvq h, 1924 mvj, ciy miKvii AvgY Gi kZZg mvaxbZv w`emi
Avb`vrme D`&hvcb KiZ iex`bv_ VvKyi jvwUb AvgwiKvq GmwQjb| ZviciI,
Zuvi GB hvv `yB gvm Kwgq Avbv nq wKQy kvixwiK AmyZvi Rb hLb wZwb eyqbm
GBiR Aevb KiwQjb, hv ZuvK GB hvv Avi ewk cjw^Z Kiv _K weiZ
ivL| Abw`K GB Aev ZuvK AvRwUbxq Kwe wfKUvwiqv IKvgcvi mv_
cwiPqi myhvM Ki `q, whwb Zuvi GKRb Lye KvQi ey nq DVb Ges hvi
LvgvievwoZ VvKyi Zuvi ciex iPbv KiwQjb| weRqvh evsjv bvg VvKyi Zuvi eyK
WvKZb, KviY vwbk Zuvi bvgi c_g Aski ZvB gvb nqAvi Zuvi GB Mvp
eyZ AbKB Mfxifve wbixv KiQ, weklZ AvRwUbxq cfvei KviY VvKyii
wPKi nq DVvi wmvi ecviwU mK Aviv cwivi nevi Rb| GB welq W.
iRZ Q`i GKwU PgrKvi iPbv iqQ, hwUI jvwUb AvgwiKvi mv_ VvKyii
mKi GKwU mvaviY w`K Zyj ai| `wY AvgwiKvq VvKyi : wKQy cwicwZ
bvgK iPbvwU gb nq myfve GwUB ejZ Pvq h IKvgcv Avi Kwei ga GB
eyZB ay VvKyi Avi jvwUb AvgwiKvi ga h mK AvQ Zvi GKgv cgvYhvM
hvMm, h hvMm Q`i wekvm, wKy hv B`vwbsKvj GKeviB Kvbv Rvivj wfw
wnme weewPZ nqbv| GB aviYv nqZv IKvgcv Avi VvKyii gai mKK wNi
h `p cvgvY Z_ AvQ mLvb _KB m, h mK jvwUb AvgwiKvi Avi Kviv
mv_B VvKyii wQj bv| ZviciI, Q`i ZKi cve GwU Lqvj KiZ AKZKvh h
VvKyi GLbI KvvwiKv mn jvwUb AvgwiKvi ek wKQy wekwe`vjq Aavqbi
welqey, Avi cyiv gnv`k RyoB mvaviY cvVK`i Rb Zuvi jLvi vwbk
msiY cvcbxq, Ges Gi gj KviY nZ cvi h jvwUb AvgwiKvi cvmwK
evcviMyjvi mv_ cvewKi hvMvhvMi GKwU NvUwZ wQj|
eyZ, VvKyii KweZv Zuvi AbK ceB jvwUb AvgwiKvq cuQ, I 1920 Gi
w`KB wZwb jLK I wPvwe``i ga Aevb Ki bb| Ges GKfve ejv hZ
cvi h Zuuvi KweZv jvwUb AvgwiKvq GmwQj wVK ZLbB hLb mwUi mevP
`iKvi wQj mLvb, gjZ AviK gnvKwe Bbi nvqvb in&gvDb wngbh-Gi
` nvZ w`q| 1913 mvj wZwb Avi Zuvi AvgwiKvb ney eD Rbvweqv Kvgcvwe
m` bvej weRqx MxZvwj Abyev` Kiv kyiy KiwQjb| GB Abyev`i cvkvcvwk
wngbh wjLwQjb Zuvi cvUiv Ges Avwg (Platero and I) hv cieZxZ vwbk

kvkwZKx-131

mvwnZi Abe` I mevP Myiy Zi `vwe`vi eBMyjvi ga GKwU nq DV, Ges

RbwcqZvq hv vwbk msiY kyay mBievbUmi Wvb wKnvwU (Don Quixote)Gi ciB Aevb Ki| eBwUhv GKRb jvK I Zvi Mvavi M wbq Zwi
VvKyii MxwZagx M` viv Mfxifve cfvweZ, Ges GwU KweZv I Dcbvmi ga h
wPivqZ wefvRbiLv AvQ Zv jNb Kivi GKwU Pv, hv mB evOvwj jLK Zuvi M`
I bvUKMyjvZ mv_Kfve mvab KiwQjb| wKy Kbv jvwUb AvgwiKvi jLKiv
wngbh Avi VvKyii wkKjvi cwZ Gfve GZv Drmvn wbq cwZwqv `wLqwQj?
evcviwU fvjvgZv evSvi Rb wesk kZvwi c_g `yB `kKi jvwUb AvgwiKvi
mvwnZ cmi mvgvb wP Zyj aiv GLvb nqZv Riywi|
c_g wekh
y hLb kl, ZLb jvwUb AvgwiKvi eywRxex`i wPvkxjZv wbRm
`p K LuvRvi GK KwVb msMvg cwZZ nqwQj| gvbeKxwZ Ges AMMwZi
AvjvKewZKv cMwZkxj qyivci cZbh qyivc GK evcK nZvjxjvq wbRK
RovZ we`ygv wav Ki wbbZyb weki AbKi Rb GK weivU avv, wekl Ki
Zv`i Rb hviv memgq wekvm I cPvi KiwQj h qyivci D`vniY AbymiY Kiv
jvwUb AvgwiKvi GKwU cqvRb| GgbwK hw`I 1825-Gi w`KB ek wKQy
gnv`k mvaxb wQj, ZLb qyivci GKwU kwkvjx cfve jvwUb AvgwiKvi
`kMyjvi ixwZ Ges A_bwZK Av`kB kyay wbqY Ki bvB, eis GKwU k
mfZvi fvegwZI aviY KiwQj, hv AbK wPvwe`KB qyivcxq wkv I ivRbwZK
Av`kK mvrmvn AbyKiY KivZ Dy Ki, Ges hLb Zviv wbRivB wbR`i
gvwUK AmfZv I eeiZvi gZi c wnme MY KiwQj| GwU wQj mQvPvwiZv Avi
bksmZvi GK Kvjv Aavq| AvRwUbvi WvwgbMv mviwgqbUvi gZv wPvwe`I
vbxq AvgwiKvevmx`i DQ` Kivi cqvRbxqZv NvlYv Kib, hvZ bZyb
gnv`kwUK ay LuvwU qyivcxq RbmsLv w`q AaywmZ Kiv hvq, Ges Abw`K
gwKvi cvPxb JcwbewkK DuPy kwYi wKQy m`m webv AvcwZ bcvwjqvb 3 Gi
dv KZK c` Av`ki Dci wfw Ki GKwU enr Kv_vwjK mvgvR Movi
evcvi qyivcxq gZvK gb wbqwQj, hvi djvdjmic GKRb Axq kvmK :
nvmevMi gvwwgwjqvbK gvwKvi ev`kv wnme MnY Kiv nq| cyiv jvwUb
AvgwiKv RyoB GB GKB cwiwwZ weivR KiwQj : cyivZb JcwbewkK
ivRavbxMyjvZ wekvj, ivRwmK me ivRfeb Zwi Kiv, qyivcxq GKxfeb Gi
GKwU Divi cwqvq RbmvaviYK eva Kiv BZvw`, hvi ga Avevi cvPxbixwZ
Ges fvlvi webvkI Afy wQj, hv KiZ cee Zx bi kvmKivI KLbI cP
nqwb| GB qyivc GKwKiY `~i`wkZv hv Abw`K qyivc Ges Gwkqv nZ wecyj
Awfevmb cYvw`Z KiwQj, Dcgnv`kwUi RbmsLvZI Zv wekvj mgvivj cfve
djmvaxbZv hyMyjv mn 400 eQii bxq `Lj I kvmb hv bv nqQ, Zvi
Pq ewk AvgwiKvi Awaevmx gviv wMqQ A_ev Zv`i Lyb Kiv nqQ Ewbk
kZKi kl Avwk eQi| Avgv`i mvwnZ I wPvi Av`kZI Gi cfve Mfxifve
AbyfZ
nqQ, hLb ewkifvM jLKB wbR`i Avw` vbK NYv Ki AbymiY
KiQ qyivci wPvavivK| GgbwK wbKvivMyqvi mek Kwe Ges bxq
AvaywbKZvi cavb Pwi iyeb WvwiIi jLvZI h fwg ZvK Rb w`qwQj Zvi
kvkwZKx-132

DjL LyuR cvIqv Kmva, Ges kyaygv wKDevi Kwe nvh gviwZ-B GB qyivcxq
GKwKiY gbvfwi wec GKv `uvwoqwQjb, GB NvlYv Ki h GKRb bZyb,
eve AvgwiKvb gvbyli cqvRbxqZv iqQ|
ZeyI, kZvwi AveZbY jvwUb AvgwiKvevmx bZyb GKwU wKQyi
cqvRbxqZv Abyfe KiwQj, h Zv`i `kMyjv KLbI qyivcxq nq DVe bv,
`iKviI wQj bv h nq DVvi, Ges Zv`i GKwU mZ cwiPq _vKe hv ZLbI LyuR
cvIqv evwK wQj, hvi wfw ne bv Kvb AbyKiY|
GB mgq h mKj fvebv I aviv AblY Kiv nqwQj, Zv`i ga iex`bv_
VvKyii `kb Ges ghv`v ZiY jLK I Kwe`i GB aviYv `q h, GKRb eo gvci
jLK nIqvi Rb qyivcxq`i gZv Ki jLv ev wPv Kiv AvekK bq| ZvQvov
VvKyii icKvZK I gvbexq KweZvMyjv Aqyivcxq mvwnZ h we`kR GB fyj aviYv
`i Ki, hv jvwUb AvgwiKvi ZiyY jLK`i cvwim, ivg A_ev wMm wbq bv wjL
wbRi `ki K_v, wbRi gvbyli K_v, wbRi fvlvq wjLZ Dy KiwQj|
mxgveZv _K gyw Ges GK bZyb mvwnZi Rb
ZviciI, wZwb ZiY cRbi jLK`i h bwZK Ges eywewK Drmvn w`qwQjb,
kyay Zv w`qB VvKyii cwZfvi cfve cwigvc Kij fyj ne, Ges nqZvev AviI
iZcYfve, Zuvi cfve bZyb wKQy `kbi GK hwMK I mvwnZ mvebvi Rb
w`qwQj, hv jvwUb AvgwiKvi wkx`i KvQ Zuvi jLvi Kx `Iqvi AvQ Zv
D`vnZ Ki| 1937 mvj hLb nvqvb in&gvDb wngbh wKDevZ Avmb, ZLb
ZiyY Kwe`i GK wecyj wfo ZvK mvMZ Rvbvq, KviY Zviv Zuvi ga GK
c_c`kK LyuRwQj| GB cwi`kbi djvdjmic nvh jRvgv wjgv nvqvb
in&gvDb wngbhi mv_ K_vcK_b (Colloquy with Juan Ramon Jimenez)
cewU jLb, hLvb kZvwi klvsk Ryo jvwUb AvgwiKvi mvwnZK hme
wfw ewk c`vb Kie mMyjvi AbK KqwU wbqB AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| ZiyY
jRvgv hLb KweZvi Dci cvPxb gvvixwZ KZK Pvwcq `Iqv mxgveZvi K_v
ejb, ZLb bxq mB Kwe eySvZ PqQb h KweZvK Zvi Povq cuQvZ
evav`vbKvix GB mxgveZvMyjv f Drwiq AvmZ ne| cvUiv Ges AvwgZ
wZwb KweZv I M`i gvSi wefw gyQ dj ZvB Kib; hv VvKyi ceB
KiwQjb| wPwji fvlvq 1920 mvj cKvwkZ VvKyii wKQy KweZv Ges jLvi GK
msMni mv`K GB gZ cKvk Kib h VvKyi Ag wQjb DrK bvUKMyjvi wKQy
avuP wbqY, Ges wZwb GI gb Kib h bvUKxqZvi Afve VvKyii cvAwdm
hw`I GKwU PgKc` bvUK nq DVQ, ZeyI Kvbv k mvwnZKg nZ cviwb,
mB mv`Kwhwb ZLbI cvPxb wMKi aibMZ wefw viv cfvweZGwU eySZ
cvibwb h Zuvi bvUK w`q Kwe Avmj bvUK Ges KweZvK KvQvKvwQ wbq
GbQb, h cPjb AbK eQi ci jRvgv wjgvK Zrci Ki ejZ : DcbvmK
AekB KvweK nq DVZ ne, hv wZwb Zvi mePq Rbwcq Dcbvm cvivwWmvZ
(Paradiso, 1967) Ki `wLqwQjb| GB cPjb AvivI AbK AbymiY KiwQj,
hgb AviKRb wKDevevmx Wyjm gvigv jvqbvR, hvi MxwZagx Dcbvm evMvb

kvkwZKx-133

(1948, The Garden) wngbh Ges VvKyi Dfqi cfvei Dci wfw Ki iwPZ (hvi
DjL wkivbvgwUZ ) Ges wKDevi jLK I mgvjvPK dBjvb GmKvevi mn
Aviv AbKi KvQ hv cwieZbi wnme weewPZ nq, Ges hv cieZxZ
jvwUb AvgwiKvi mvwnZ weKvk bvg cwiwPZ nqwQj| ZvB nvmKi jvM kybZ,
hLb wKQy mgvjvPK Zv`i mvwnZ h Avmj fviZxq mvwnZi mek ewi
w`KB wdi hvQ, mwU bv eyS mgmvgwqK fviZxq jLK`i w`K zi `wZ
ZvwKq Zv`i GB fe Aegvbbv Ki h Zviv jvwUb AvgwiKvi aib hgb
MBewiqvj Mviwmqv gviKBmi AcvKZ eveZv AbyKiY KiQ|
GLb, ay M` I MB VvKyii jLv viv cfvweZ nqwb| GK wPwjevmx, cvejv
biy`v, Zvi ZviYB GB evOvwj Kwei cg cob, Ges IKUBwfI cvRi gZ
mgvjvPK`i RbB Zvi c_gw`Ki jLvMyjv Lye Mfxifve GB cKwZ viv
cwicY| eve, Zvi c_g cavb KvR wekwU cgi KweZv I GKwU nZvkvi Mvb
(Twenty Love Poems and a Desperate Song)-G ZiY biy`vwhwb 1971 G bvej
cyivi cvbZvi 16Zg cgi KweZvq GKwU Abq mshvRb Kib, hv AbK
mgvjvPK GI gb Ki h GwU VvKyii gvwj KveMi 30Zg KweZv : Zywg
mviv gNvgvjv-Gi GKwU mivmwi Abyev`| ZvQvov, 1945-G bvej weRqx
AviK wPwji Kwe Mvewiqjv wgmUvj VvKyii k KweZvMyjvi GKwU msMn
mnhvwMZv KiwQjb, hLvb wZwb gvwj wbq DM-Gi cwZwqvq wbRi ek
wKQy evLv mshvRb Kib|

Ges mvaviY cvVK?

Gme wKQyB AekB cyivcywi evLv Kibv Kbv VvKyi GLbI jvwUb AvgwiKvi
cvVK`i KvQ Rbwcq| GwU wbwZ h Zuvi KweZv Ges M` B`vwbs Lyu R cvIqv
Kmva, Ges wKQy mMyjvK wcQI djv nqQ hnZy bZyb mvwnZ cPjb
Ges avuP Povq wbR`i Aevb Ki wbqQ| ZviciI AZ GKwU KviY AvQ hvi
dj gwKv _K wPwj, AvRwUbv I evwRj ch GLbI AbK mivmwi ev
civfve VvKyii cfve Abyfe Ki| wkv wbq Zuvi wPv jvwUb AvgwiKvi
AbK `ki wkveevq GKwU cavb Pwi cvjb Ki AvmQ, mv_ KvR Ki
fviZK Rvbvi GKwU AvMn, hv GLbI AbK jvwUb AvgwiKvevmxK KZnjx Ki
Zvj, Ges mB AvMn c_g RMwQj ZuviB KviY| c_g evcviwUi D`vniY Avgvi
wbRiB `k KvvwiKv, hLvb mj AviMyqjvi (msZ wekvi`, whwb KvvwiKv
wekwe`vjq `k eQi VvKyii Dci GK AvjvPbvmfv cwiPvwjZ KiwQjb) gZ
cavb `vkwbK Ges wPvwe``i ga `yBRb, Ggv Mvgevqv I iyevUv wewbm Gg.
VvKyii AbK wPvB h wfZi Dci Avgv`i wkveev `uvwoq AvQ ZvZ cqvM
KiQb, jvwUb AvgwiKvq eZgvb hv mePq cwiwPZ eevMyjvi ga GKwU|
ZvQvov gwKvi AvaywbK wkv eevi cavb Pwi I jLK nvh fvmKvbmjvm
1920 Gi w`KB cwgxq mvwnZKwZMyjvi cvkvcvwk VvKyii mvwnZI covbvK
kyfQv RvwbqwQjb, Avi Zuvi wPvMyjvK eenvi Ki mvwRqwQjb gwKvi
cwkY eev|

kvkwZKx-134

Abw`K cvVKiv GLbI VvKyi I fviZi cwZ GKwU AvKlY Abyfe Ki, hgb
GjBbv Pvfm, KvvwiKvi GKRb AvBbRxex, VvKyii cwZ hvi fvjvevmv RbwQj
KweK I Zuvi wPvMyjvK AviI Mfxifve RvbZ hq, Ges GB GKB KviY mj
AviMyqjvi VvKyii Dci wekwU Qqgvmevcx cVbKvjmg AvjvPbvmfvK cwiPvwjZ
Ki, hLvb QvQvxiv GB evOvwj KweK ay cvV Avi weklYB Ki bvB, eis Zuvi
wKQy bvUK gI KiwQj, Avi Zuvi iPbv cvV I Dcvcb kyay wekwe`vjqB KiwQj
bv, eis KiwQj cyiv `kRyo DPwe`vjqMyjvZI|
AvRK, GKRb ejZB cvi h cyKyii ZiMyjv Avi GK bB| wKy Zvi
cfve PjZB _vK, Ges h wkjv Zv`i Rb w`qwQj Zv GLbI weZ nqwb| Gfve,
Avwg `pZvi mv_ W. Q`K Di w`Z cvwi : hvMm~Myjv gvUI `yej bq|

Abyev` mvvrKvi (137-146)

iex`bv_ I ivguv ivjuv

iex`bv_ I AvBbvBb

mvwnZKvMR msev`

mvZcvZv
XvKv _K gvneyeyj Avjg-Gi mv`bvq wbqvwgZ cKvwkZ nQ
w-gvwmK mvwnZi KvMR mvZcvZv|
hvMvhvM : 01721429980 [email protected]
PKvV
PMvg _K Avidxb Qnxb-Gi mv`bvq wbqvwgZ cKvwkZ nQ
AbyMi QvUKvMR PKvV| hvMvhvM : mv`K, 01812575335,
01918527576 [email protected]

eMeZx
wSbvB`n _K mygb wkK`vii mv`bvq wbqvwgZ cKvwkZ nQ
mvwnZi KvMR eMeZx| hvMvhvM : mv`K, 01917889510
[email protected]

AvMvwgi c_
Kzwqv _K nvwmeyj nvmvbi mv`bvq cKvwkZ nZ hvQ wk,
mvwnZ I mswZi KvMR AvMvwgi c_| hvMvhvM : mv`K,

iex`bv_ I GBPwR Iqjm

01722669267, [email protected]

gjvU
XvKv _K wbqvwgZ cKvwkZ nQ AuvwL wmwKvi mv`bvq mvwnZ
KvMR gjvU|
hvMvhvM : 01916571549/ 01196267261
[email protected]

kvkwZKx-135

kvkwZKx-136

iex`bv_ VvKzi mvwnwZK, g~jZ Kwe; Rb 1861 mvj, ZrKvjxb wewUk Dcwbek
fviZ| Avi AvjevU AvBbvBb GKRb Avcv`gK wevbx; Zuvi Rb 1879
mvj, ZLbKvi AbZg cavb wekkw RvgvwbZ| `yRbB bvej cyivi f~wlZ
nqQb, iex`bv_ mvwnZ, 1913 mvj; Avi AvBbvBb c`v_ wevb, 1921
mvj| mvwnZ I wevbK `yB gii welq wnme weePbv Kiv nq| Ze `yRbB
wbR wbR welqi g~j PPvi evBi gvbyl, cKwZRMZ, mgvR, ag I ivRbxwZ wbq
fveZb| G wbq Zuviv AbK KvRI KiQb|
iex`bv_ I AvBbvBbi ga mvvr nqwQj 1930 mvji RyjvB gvmi
gvSvgvwS| GB mvvrKvii AvqvRK wQjb Dfqi ez W. gj| AvBbvBb
ZLb evwjb _vKZb| iex`bv_ Zuvi evmvq wMqwQjb 14 RyjvB| ci AvBbvBb
cvv iex`bv_i m `Lv KiZ hvb W. gji evwo| 14 RyjvB AvBbvBbi
evwoZ Zuv`i ga hme K_vevZv nq Zv GKwU M msKwjZ nq (w` wiwjwRIb
Ad gvb, RR, Avjb G AvbDBb wjwgUW, jb, Avcw Uz, cv 222225)| GZ mxZi ewk AvjvPbvi ga w`q GB `yB wekbw`Z ewZ gvbyl
I cKwZRMZi AfixY weiva I mg^qi m~ I Pwi kbv Ges weklY Kivi
cqvm cqQb|

VvKzi : AvR Avwg W. gji m MwYZi bZzb Avwevijv wbq AvjvPbv

KiwQjvg, ejv nQ AwZ z` cigvYyi ivR `ei GKUv f~wgKv AvQ; AwZi
bvUKxqZv Pwi m~Yi c cyew bavwiZ bq|
AvBbvBb : hme Z_ wevbK GB `wfwi w`K Vj w`Q Zv KvhKviYZK
bv Ki `qwb| kLjv Kx Zv GKRb evSvi Pv KiQ DuPz i _K| hLvb eo
eo c`v_ hy nq Ges AwZ wb`k Ki mLvb kLjv `Lv hvq, wK z`Z
i
c`v_i GB kLjv myic evaMg bq|
VvKzi : Zvi gvb AwZi Mfxi iqQ ZZv, ^vaxb Zvobv Ges wb`kvcK
BQvi AmwZ Gi Ici wqv KiQ Ges ewbPqi myk Lj bKkvi De NUvQ|
AvBbvBb : AvaywbK c`v_we`v ejQ bv h Gjv mvsNwlK| gNgvjvK `~i
_K `LZ GK iKg jvM, wK KvQ _K `Lyb, `Leb Zviv wekLjfve
mwZ Rjwe`yi mgw|
VvKzi : Avwg gvbe gbi ga mgvivji mvb cvB| Avgv`i AveM Ges
BQvjv Aeva, wK Avgv`i Pwi GB Dcv`vbjvK `gb Ki GKUv mymgm
c~YZvi ic `q| cKw ZRMZI wK GKB iKg wKQz NU? c`v_jv wK GKK
Zvobvi cwZ we`vnceY, MwZgq? Avi cKw ZRMZ wK Ggb KvbI bxwZ mwq hv
Gjvi Ici cvavbkxj Ges GjvK GK Ki kLjvgq msMVb cwiYZ Ki?
AvBbvBb : KvbI c`v_B cwimsLvbMZ kLjvwenxb bq; iwWqvg c`v_jv
me`v Zv`i wewk kLjv-ixwZ gb Pj, GLb Ges ciI, wVK hgb me mgq
Ki GmQ| A_vr, c`v_jvi ga cwimsLvbMZ kLjv AvQ|
VvKzi : Zv bv nj AwZi bvUK Lye ewk Gjvgjv nq hve| `e NUbv Ges
msKi wbZ mvgmB GUvK wPiKvji Rb bZzb Ges Rxe Ki ivLQ|
AvBbvBb : Avgvi wekvm, Avgiv hv wKQzB Kwi wKsev hvi RbB euvwP me wKQzi
cQb KviYZ wqvkxj iqQ; GUv eis fvj h Avgiv Gi me wKQz `LZ cvB bv|
VvKzi : gvbexq KgKvi fZi GKUv wwZvcKZvi evcviI AvQ, Avgv`i
ewZi ewntcKvki Rb GKUv QvU mxgvbvi ga wKQz ^vaxbZv| GUv fviZi
mxZi cwZi gZv, hv cvvZi mxZi bvq GZUv KVvifve wbavwiZ bq|
Avgv`i myimvMY GKUv wbw` Lmov-iLv GuK `b, mUv myi Ges jq webvmi
GKUv cwZ, GKUv mxgvi ga _K MvqK mUv wbq wbR^ KvR KiZ cvi|
ZvK AekB IB wekl myii wbqgi ga _vKZ nq, Zvici m IB wbavwiZ
wbqgi Ici Zvi wbR^ mvxwZK Abyfw~ Zi m ^Zt~Z Awfew hvM KiZ
cvi| myii GKUv DcwiKvVvgvi cvkvcvwk Zvi GKUv eywbqv` mwi Rb Avgiv
myiKvii Zvwid Kwi, wK myim`h I Ajvii ewP mwZ MvqKi KvQ Zvi
wbR^ `ZvI cZvkv Kiv nq| mwKg Avgiv AwZi g~j bxwZi AbymiY Kwi,
wK Avgiv hw` Gi _K wbR`i wewQb bv Kwi Zvnj cwic~Y AvZcKvki Rb
Avgv`i ewZi mxgvi ga Avgiv h_ ^vaxbZvI jvf KiZ cvwi|
AvBbvBb : GUv Kej ZLbB me hLb jvKgvbmK wbqY Kivi gZv mxZi
GKUv kwkvjx kwK HwZn _vK| BDivc mxZ MYwk I MY-Abyfe _K

kvkwZKx-137

kvkwZKx-138

iex`bv_ VvKzi

AvBbvBb, ivguv ivjuv I GBPwR Iqjm

Abyev` : bvwRe Iqv`y`

evsjv GKwU mg fvlv| gvZfvlv wnmeI Gi Aevb wewk| evsjv fvlvi mvwnZ
cvPxbKvj _KB DP wkgvbmb| wK ivRbwZK Ges Av_mvgvwRK KviY
wekmvwnZi Ab Gi KvwZ cfve j Kiv hvq bv| evsjv mvwnZ I evsjv fvlvi
mvwnwZKMY wekvb Zgb GKUv cwiwPZ bb| iex`bv_ VvKzi Gi ewZg| g~jZ
BDivci cwZ iex`bv_i wbRiB GKUv `yejZv wQj| m KviY wZwb BDivci
eywRxex I mvwnwZK`i m hvMvhvM vcb mP wQjb memgq| Abw`K,
weklZ Zvi bvej cyivi cvwi ci BDivcI Zuvi mK AvMn mw nq|
iex`bv_ ek KqKevi BDivc gY Kib| G wbq AbK jLvjwLI KiQb|
BDivci KqKRb wewk ewZi m Zuvi ezZ I NwbZv Zwi nq| G`i
m wZwb mvwnZ wk, gvbe mfZv, cvP I cZxPi AvtmK, wekkvw, cfwZ
welq gZwewbgq Kib| wewk wevbx AvBbvBb, K_vwkx ivguv ivjuv, mvwnwZK
GBPwR Iqjm cgyL G`i Afy| G`i gaKvi g~jevb K_vcK_bjv m
mgq BDivc I Gwkqvi wewfb c-cwKvq cKvwkZ nq| evsjvfvlx cvVK`i Rb
m iKg wZbwU K_vcK_b GLvb Ab~w`Z njv|

AwZi ZZv

iex`bv_ I AvBbvBb

AbK `~i mi MQ Ges Zvi wbR^ c_v I HwZnmgZ mUv wKQzUv nq DVQ
GKUv Mvcb wki gZv|
VvKzi : GB AwZ RwUj mxZi cwZ cyivcywi AbyMZ _vKZ nq| fviZ MvqKi
^vaxbZvi gvv wbwnZ _vK Zvi wbR^ mRbkxj ewZi ga| m myiKvii Mvb
wbRi gZv Ki MvBZ cvi hw`, ZvK h myi `Iqv nqQ Zvi mvaviY wbqgi
ga, wbRK cKvk Kivi Dchy mRbkxj gZv Zvi _vK|
AvBbvBb : g~j mxZi gnvb aviYvK cyivcywi eySZ nj Lye DP wkgvb _vKv
`iKvi, hb ZvK wbq ewZgi KvR Kiv hvq| Avgv`i `k ewZgI
cvqktB c~ewbavwiZ|
VvKzi : hw` Avgiv Avgv`i AvPiY DrKli bxwZ Aej^b KiZ cvwi Zvnj Avgiv
wbR Abyf~wZ cKvki cKZ ^vaxbZv cZ cvwi| GLvbB Avm AvPiYi bxwZi
ck, wK GUvK mwZ Ki Zvj Pwi; Ges ew nQ Avgv`i wbRi mw|
Avgv`i mxZ iqQ ^vaxbZv Ges c~ewbavwiZ kLjvi ZZv|
AvBbvBb : Mvbi K_vI wK ^vaxb? Avwg ejZ PvwQ, MvqK h Mvb Mvq Zvi m
Zvi wbRi K_v hvM Kivi ^vaxbZv wK Zvi AvQ?
VvKzi : nuv| evsjvq GK aibi Mvb AvQ Avgiv ZvK KxZb ewj, GZ g~j Mvbi
cwieZb Kiv hvq bv, wK Gi m AmZ ge I evK Ryo `Iqvi ^vaxbZv
MvqKi _vK| GUv wecyj Drmvn mw Ki, KviY kvZv MvqKi hvM Kiv
KZKjv my`i I ^Zt~Z Abyf~wZi viv gvMZ ivgvwZ nZ _vK|
AvBbvBb : Q`i KvVvgv wK Lye KwVb?
VvKzi : nuv, ek KwVb| Q`twe`vi mxgv AwZg Kiv hvq bv; MvqKK Zvi mKj
ewZgi ga AekB wbavwiZ jq Ges mgq wVK ivLZ nq| BDivcxq mxZ
mgqi evcvi Zzjbvg~jK ^vaxbZv AvQ, wK myii bB|
AvBbvBb : fviZxq mxZ wK evYx Qvov MvIqv me? evYx Qvov wK Mvb evSv hvq?
VvKzi : nuv, Avgv`i A_nxb K_v I awbi Mvb AvQ, hv Kej myi enb mnvqZv
Ki| Di fviZ mxZ GKUv ^vaxb wk, evsjvi gZv Zv evYx Ges wPvi Abyev`
ev wewZ bq| mxZ Lye `yeva I m~, Ges myii ^qsm~Y RMZ|
AvBbvBb : GUv wK e^wiK bq?
VvKzi : h eeZ nq, wK mUv myimwZi Rb bq, eis mgq iv Ges Ki
Zvb I MfxiZvK DPwKZ Kivi Rb| myimwZ Avivc Kivi Rb Avcbv`i
mxZi Zvj-jq wZM nq wK?
AvBbvBb : KLbI KLbI LyeB wZM nq| KLbI KLbI hi myimwZ
MxwZgqZvK cyivcywi Lq dj|
VvKzi : myi Ges hmwZ Qwei iLv Ges iOi gZv| GKUv mvaviY mijiwLK Qwei
mevxY my`i nIqv me; is ZvK A I Zvrchnxb Ki w`Z cvi| Avevi iLvi
m wgj is gnvb wP mw Ki, hw` bv Zv Zvi iZK Avovj I ask Ki|
AvBbvBb : PgrKvi Zzjbv GUv; iLv iOi Pq AbK cyibvI eU| Avgvi gb
nQ KvVvgvi w`K _K Avcbv`i myi Avgv`i Pq mg| Rvcvwb mxZI gb
nq G iKg|
kvkwZKx-139

VvKzi : Avgv`i gbi Ici cvPxq I cvvZxq mxZi cfve Kx Zv evLv Kiv
KwVb| Avwg cvvZi mxZ viv Mfxifve AvjvwoZ; Avwg gb Kwi GUv gnvb,
GB w`K _K h Gi msMVb-ixwZi evw wekvj Ges myi iPbvi weePbvq LyeB
PgrKvi| Avgv`i wbR^ mxZ AvgvK Aviv Mfxifve k Ki Zvi gwjK
MxwZgqZvi Ave`bi KviY| BDivcxq mxZ Pwi gnvKvweK, Gi weZ cUf~wg
iqQ, Ges KvVvgvq GUv Mw_K ewki|
AvBbvBb : GUv Ggb GKUv ck hvi Di Avgiv BDivcxqiv mwVKfve w`Z
cvwi bv, Avgiv Avgv`i mxZ GZUvB Af| Avgiv RvbZ PvB Avgv`i
wbR`i mxZ c_vMZ bvwK gwjK gvbexq Abyfw~ Z, HKZvb Ges ^i-AmwZi
Abyfe wK ^vfvweK, bvwK GUv c_v, hv Avgiv gb bB?
VvKzi : Kb Rvwb bv wcqvbv AvgvK nZeyw Ki| envjv AvgvK AbK ewk
Avb` `q|
AvBbvBb : h fviZxq hebKvj KLbI BDivcxq mxZ kvbwb Zvi Ici Zvi
cfve Aaqb ek gRvi evcvi ne|
VvKzi : Avwg GKevi GK BsiR mxZKviK wKQz KvwmKvj mxZ weklY KiZ
ejwQjvg, Kx me Dcv`vb Zvi m`h mw Ki Zvi evLv w`Z ejwQjvg|
AvBbvBb : mgmv njv GKUv mwZKvii fvj mxZ, Zv cvPiB nvK wK
cvvZi, Zvi weklY Kiv hvq bv|
VvKzi : nuv, Avi kvZvK hv Mfxifve AvcyZ Ki Zv Zvi wbRiB AvIZvi evBii wRwbm|
AvBbvBb : Avgv`i AwfZvi cZK gj evcvi, wki cwZ Avgv`i
cwZwqvq, GKB AwbqZv me mgqB _K hve, Zv BDivcB nvK wKsev
GwkqvZB nvK| GgbwK Avgvi mvgb Avcbvi Uwej Avwg h jvj dzj `LwQ Zv
Avcbvi Ges Avgvi KvQ GKB iKg bv-I jvMZ cvi|
VvKzi : Z_vwc Zv`i ga mg^q mvabi cwqv me mgq cengvb ewMZ
iwPK meRbxb gvb DbxZ Kivi gvag|

Rxeb mvqvi iO

iex`bv_ I ivguv ivjuv

iex`bv_ VvKzii mxY RvZxqZvev` welqK jLvi cksmv Ki ivguv ivjuv ZuvK
GKwU wPwV wjLwQjb| Zvi cZzii m~ ai `yB weki `yB wPvwe`i ga
hvMvhvM vwcZ nq| mUv 1919 mvji K_v| Gfve GB `yB bvej weRqx
mvwnwZKi ga `ZvI Mo IV| ivguv ivjuvi AbyivaB iex`bv_ jv wWKvikb
cyi AvBBwc Wv AvBGmwcU-G ^vi Kib| meZ GwUB cw_exi c_g
msMwVZ hyweivax D`vM hvZ mvivwek _K eywRxexiv AskMnY KiwQjb|
wesk kZvxi wZxq `kKi gvSvgvwS KzLvZ dvwm gymvwjwbi m iex`bv_i
mnhvwMZvg~jK mymK wbq Pig wevw mw nqwQj| GB wevw `~i KiZ Ges
iex`bv_i fveghv`v iv KiZ ivguv ivjuv D`vM wbqwQjb| iex`bv_
c_gevii gZv BZvwj hvb 1925 mvj| AmyZ
vi KviY m-gY msw nqwQj|
kvkwZKx-140

wZwb ivg hZ cvibwb| m KviY mevi gymvwjwbi m mvvZi myhvM NUwb|

Gici kvwwbKZbi Rb mvnvhK K` Ki gymvwjwbi m iex`bv_i
hvMvhvM Zwi nq| ZviB djkwZ Zvi wZxqevii BZvwj gY, ^qs gymvwjwbi
AvgwZ AwZw_ wnme| 1926 mvji 30 g wZwb ivg hvb, ciw`b `Lv Kib
gymvwjwbi m, Zvi Awdm| Avi GKevi `Lv nq BZvwj ZvMi mgq| iex`bv_
gymvwjwbi K_v-evZv, AvwZ_qZv I m`qZvq GZB gy nb h wewfb jLvq, wPwVZ
Ges mvvrKvi wZwb mK_v AKvZi NvlYv Kib| G wbq BDivc, weklfve
evgcx, dvwmev`weivax I MYZKvgx eywRxex`i ga, evcK cwZwqv mw nq|
GB wevwKi cwiwwZi ga iex`bv_ BZvwj _K myBRvijv hvb| mLvb ivguv
ivjuv iex`bv_i gymvwjwb-fw `~i Kivi D`vM bb| GZ wZwb cyiv mdj bv
njI wevw wKQzUv KvU Ges nBPB wKQzUv wwgZ nq|
ivguv ivjuv wekLvZ divwk JcbvwmK| dvwmev` I hyweivax f~wgKvi RbI
wZwb evcKfve ckswmZ I AvjvwPZ nqwQjb| iex`bv_i `yB eQi ci, 1915
mvj, wZwb bvej cyivi f~wlZ nb| Zuvi m iex`bv_i c_g mvvr NU 1921
mvji Gwcj, cvwim| Gici Aviv KqKevi Zuv`i `Lv-mvvr nqQ| 1930
mvji AvM Rbfvq mvvZi mgq GB `yB wPvwe`i ga h AvjvcPvwiZv nq
Zvi Askwekl K_vcK_b AvKvi cKvwkZ nq GwkqvZ, 1937 mvji gvP
gvm| GB K_vcK_bi ga ZrKvjxb weki mgmv, ag, AvPvi, AvavwZKZv,
wevb Ges Gmei gaKvi mK wbq AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| GB welqjv
eZgvb cw_exZI mgvb cvmwK|
VvKzi : Avcwb wK gb Kib AvRvwZK mKi Rbfv iZc~Y f~wgKv
ivLZ hvQ?
ivjuv : meZ; Ze Gi ewkifvMB wbfi KiQ Rbfvi wbqY bB Ggb me
welqi Ici|
VvKzi : GLvb mwq wewfb kwi ga jxM Ad bkK Avgvi weklfve mB
iKg gb nQ| eZgvb gyn~Z AvRvwZK mKi cybtmg^qi GUv nQ h
KvbI A_ mePq mnvqK nvwZqvi| GwU ivRbwZK wek eni mwZ vcbi
kwK` DbxZ nZI cvi, bv-I cvi| GLvb KgiZ wewfb AvRvwZK `j,
mgvR Ges ewi Ici Avwg weklfve Avvkxj, Ges Avgvi cZvkv GB h, Zviv
axi axi Rbfvq AvRvwZK KgKvi GKwU mwZKvi K` Mo ZzjZ mg
neb hv fwelZi ivRbxwZK wbw` Mei w`K wbq hve|
ivjuv : Avgiv AbK jvKK `wL hviv cvPi w`K _K evZv jvfi Rb evM
nq AvQb| Zviv gb Kib Ges Avwg hvM KiZ cvwi h Zviv wVK K_vwUB
fveb h, fviZelB nQ mB `k h GB BwZgq hyMvi Kvj wekK mB
evZvwU kvbvZ cvi|
VvKzi : GwU AvMnfi j Kivi welq Kxfve fviZel meZ Dbwesk kZvxi
c_g AvRvwZK gvbwmKZvmb gvbylwUK Mo ZzjQ| Avwg ivRv ivggvnb
ivqi K_vB ejwQ; mZi cwZ Zuvi wQj cej Avmw| GKwU iYkxj evY
cwievi Rb Zuvi, wK wZwb Kzmsvi I KVvi AvPviwcqZvi mKj eb f

djb| wZwb eev`K eySZ PqwQjb, mRb wZeZ wMqwQjb; wZwb wne,
wMK, Aviwe, dvwm, Bswjk I divwk fvlv kLb; evcKfve BDivc gY Kib
Ges Zuvi gZz nq wej| Zuvi `wZ AvavwZK mZ gvb wbQKB cyivwnZZ bq
hv mxgve mvc`vwqK Dcvmbvjqjvi ga; wKsev GUvK wZwb gZev` wnme
cPvii ckvMZ AwaKvi fvMKvix`i viv mswk mc`vqi evBii jvK`i
Ici Avivc Kivi welq ejI gb KiZb bv| wZwb Dcjw KiwQjb h,
AvavwZK HK MvUv gvbeRvwZK mshy Ki Ges agi DkB njv m cuQ
hve gvbexq mK Ges gvbexq KgKv I ARbi gwjK HKi i|
ivjuv : fviZ agxq mnbkxjZvi gbvfve `L Avwg cvqB wewZ nB; Avgiv
cvvZ hv Rvwb Zvi _K GUv GKeviB Avjv`v| GUvK me Ki ZzjQ
Avcbv`i agi mwinmi cKw Z Ges Avcbv`i mfZvi hMagx Pvwi|
fviZel mKj aibi agxq wekvm I AvPviK cvkvcvwk eo DVZ w`qQ|
VvKzi : meZ mUv Avgv`i `yej
ZvI eU, Ges GUv nqQ mnbkxjZvi GKUv
wekLj gbvfve _K, mUv njv fviZ mKj aibi agxq gZev` Ges jvKRZvB
`vvi m Rwoq coQ, m KviY Avgv`i AvavwZK wekvmi mwZKvi wfZK
evSv Avgv`i Rb KwVb nq coQ| D`vniY^ic, cewji AvPvii m
Avgv`i agi KvbI mK bB, ZviciI cPiz msLK jvK GUvK HwZni wfZ
ej gb Ki| agi GB GKBiKg bwZK AatcZb cZK `kB `Lv hvq|
fviZ Avgv`i AvRKi DM njv GBjv `~i Kiv Ges hjv Avgv`i mwZKvi
AvavwZK DivwaKvi mBme eni wekvmjvK Rvi`vi Kiv wbq|
ivjuv : wLwq agMI GB cewji aviYv cej| ii Aavqi K_vB aib: cfz
AvejK AwaKZi cQ` KiQb KviY wZwb Zuvi Dk GKUv fovi evPv
Kzievwb KiQb|
VvKzi : Avwg I UvgUi cfz K KLbI fvjevmZ cvwi bv|
ivjuv : ...Rvi `Iqv nqQ fzj RvqMvq, Avi eni weePbvq AvPvi AvavwZK
evcvi bq|
VvKzi : Avgv`i me mgq IB eni weePbvi Ici Rvi `Iqv DwPZ| my
g`i gvKvejvq mZi mnbkxj nIqv cvlvq bv; GUv m~hvjvKi gZv, hv
wZKi RxevYyi AwZ K Ame Ki Zvj| eve evcvi njv, fviZxq agxq
Rxeb GLb AmwnzZvi ^vKi PZbi Afve fzMQ, hv GKUv mRbkxj agi
ewk| AvRKi fviZ GgbwK bvwKZvi cPjbI fvj KvR w`Z cvi, hw`I
Avgvi `k KLbI bvwKZvK Zvi vqx wekvm wnme MnY Kie bv| ebi wbP
MwRq IVv mKj AwbKi AvMvQv Dco dje, Ges j^v emg~n AZ _vKe|
eZgvb gyn~ Z, cvvZi w`K _K A^xKwZi DcnviI fviZxq RbMYi GKUv eo
Aski KvQ g~jevb ej cwiMwYZ ne|
ivjuv : Avgvi wekvm evwbK hywev` fviZeli mgmv mgvavb mvnvh KiZ cvie|
VvKzi : Avwg Rvwb fviZ KLbI wbQK eywewK mgvavbi Ici `xNKvj Avv ivLZ
cvie bv; fvimvg Ges mwZ wbwZicB cybtvwcZ ne| mB KviY KvbI GK
w`K mvgwqK SuvK AvavwZK Rxebi K`xq gxgvsmvq cuQvi KvR Avgv`i

kvkwZKx-141

kvkwZKx-142

mnvqK nZ cvi| wevbK Avgv`i KvR jvMvbv DwPZ kl ch ZvK

gvbweKxKiY Ki|
ivjuv : AvaywbK wek wevbB meZ mePq AvRvwZK Dcv`vb; A_vr evwbK
MelYvq mnhvwMZvi gbvfve| wK GLb ivRbxwZK`i nvZ iqQ welv Mvm|
GUv GKUv `ytLRbK welq h wevbxiv mvgwiK kwi cwiPvjbvaxb nq coQ,
gvbweK gbb I mswZi Dbqb welq hv`i GZUzKz AvMnI bB... RvwZmg~ni
gaKvi cviwiK cwZwZvi Pq GKUv RvwZi wbRi AfixY wewfb kwYi
gaKvi msNl AvRKi eo mgmv| Aek GUv AvMvmx RvZxqZvev` Ges hys`nx
gbvfvei cKZ AwfkvcK mg_b wKsev nvm Ki bv|
VvKzi : kjvB ewk AvZmPZb, evKjv ZZUv bq| AvBwWqvi AvKvi Ges is
AvQ, mjv mwP wk g~Z nq IVvi Rb Acv Ki| wVK GB gyn~Z wPvb
Avgvi evwZK cwiYZ nqQ| Avgvi fvi i nqQ mxZ Ges KweZv w`q;
GLb, Avgvi Rxebi mvqv Gm, Avgvi gb AvKvi I iO c~Y nq DVQ|

iex`bv_ VvKzii Rb 1861 mvj, ZrKvjxb wewUk Dcwbek fviZ| Avi GBP wR
Iqjm-Gi Rb 1866 mvj, eUb| iex`bv_ g~jZ Kwe, cw_exi AbZg cavb I
eo Kwe| Iqjm cavbZ mvq wdKkb wjLQb, GLbI mgvb Rbwcq| m
weePbvq `yRb AbKUvB `yB gii ewZ| Ze `yRbB gvbyl, mgvR I mswZ
wbq fveZb, G wbq Zuviv AbK KvRI KiQb| BwZnvm, ivRbxwZ I ag welqI
`yRbi wekl AvMn I mwq gZvgZ wQj|
iex`bv_ VvKzi Ges GBP wR Iqjm-Gi ga mvvr nqwQj Rbfvq 1930
mvj, Ryb gvmi c_g w`K| Zuv`i gaKvi K_vcK_b iKW Kiv nqwQj| mB
K_vcK_b Awgq PeZx mvw`Z G UMvi wiWvi bvgK M msKwjZ nq| GB
K_vcK_bi mgq Zuviv gvbe mfZv Ges gvbyli fwelZ wbq AbK gZ I aviYv
e KiQb| mme K_v GLbI Kg cvmwK bq|
VvKzi : AvaywbK mfZvi ceYZv nQ cw_exUvK mgicx evbvbv| KjKvZv, ev^,
nsKs, Ges Ab me bMix Kg-ewk GKB iKg, wekvj gyLvk civ, hv KvbI wekl
`ki cwZwbwaZ Ki bv|
Iqjm : Z_vwc Avcwb GB wekl eveZvK Ggb GKUv BwZ gb Kieb bv h
Avgiv GKUv bZzb cw_ex-evcK gvbe-kLjv Zwii w`K GwMq PjwQ hv
vbxqZvK cZvLvb Ki|
VvKzi : Avgv`i ewMZ gyLfve GKB iKg nIqvi `iKvi bB| gb meRbxb nIqv
cqvRb| ewK ewj `Iqv DwPZ ne bv|
Iqjm : Avgiv gB Ggb GKUv gvbe mfZvi K_v fvewQ hvi Ici wfw Ki ewi
c~YZvi wekvj mvebv Zwi ne| ewK Avgiv hfve `wL, m `yfvMi wkKvi, KviY

mfZv c_K c_K GKK wef nq coQ, A_P DwPZ wQj wgwjZ nq GKUv meRbxb
mgMZvq cwiYZ nIqv, mUvB gvbe RvwZi ^vfvweK Me ej gb nq|
VvKzi : Avgvi wekvm gvbe mfZvi HK mePq fvjfve iv Kiv me cw_exi
wewfb mfZvK msN I mnhvwMZvi eb Ave Kivi ga w`q| Avcwb wK gb
Kib gvbe RvwZi Rb GKwU mvaviY fvlv Zwii KvbI ceYZv `Lv hvQ?
Iqjm : GKUv mvaviY fvlv (common language) meZ gvbe RvwZi Ici
Rvic~eK
Pvwcq `Iqv ne, Zv Avgiv cQ` Kwi ev bv Kwi| AZxZ, KvbI
msZ
gbi gvbemgvR wbR`i Rb vbxq fvlv Zwi KiQ| GLbKvi
cqvRbxqZvB Avgv`i GKUv meRbxb fvlv MnY KiZ eva Kie|
VvKzi : Avwg m~Y GKgZ| cuvP-gvBji fvlvi hyM `Z kl nq hvQ| `Z
hvMvhvM mvaviY fvlvi c_ Dby Ki w`Q| Z_vwc GB meRbxb fvlv meZ
RvZxq fvlvjvK cwiZvM Kie bv| GLvbB GLb GKUv KZ~njvxcK Z_
iqQ h, gvbegbi HKi geagvbZvi cvkvcvwk, RvZxq AvZmPZbZvi
AMMwZ cZK RvqMvq RvZxq fvlv Zwi wKsev Zvi cybixeb NUvQ| Avcbvi
wK gb nq bv AvgwiKvq, AvgwiKv Ges Bsjvi ga AevnZ Nwb mK
mI, Bswjk fvlv GKUv mywbw` icvi I cwieZbi w`K GwMq hvQ?
Iqjm : mUv nj Avwg AevK nev| Pwjk ev cvk eQi AvM nqZv G iKg
Aev wQj, wK GLb mvwnZ Ges mvaviY K_vcK_b Bsjv Ges AvgwiKvi
fvlvi ga cv_K wbYq Kiv gB KwVb nq DVQ| Gi Ab w`K _K AbK
ewk cwZNvZ AvQ ej gb nq| Avgiv AvRKvj K_v mcPvii cvKwZK
cwZjvi mcmviY I c~YZ
vmvabi Rb KvR KiwQ| Abyev` GKUv weiwKi
evcvi| Avcbvi KweZvi K_vB aib GB cwqvq mjv wK AbK wKQz nvivqwb?
mjvK GKB m mKj gvbyli KvQ evaMg Ki Zvjvi KvbI cwZ hw`
_vKZ Zvnj mwZB mUv PgrKvi GKUv evcvi nZv|
VvKzi : wewfb RvwZi mxZi GKUv mvaviY gbvwK wfw iqQ, Zvi gvb GB bq
h RvZxq mxZi (national music) AwZ _vKe bv| GKB evcvi, Avgvi gZ,
meZ mvwnZi I mwZ|
Iqjm : AvaywbK mxZ GK `k _K AviK `k hvQ KvbI wKQz bv nvwiq
cyimj _K evK, Zvici evgm, Zvici ik mxZ, Zvici cvP| mxZ nQ
cw_exi me wKQzi ga mePq AvRv wZK|
VvKzi : Avwg GKUz hvM Kwi? Avwg wZb kiI ewk mxZi myi iPbv KiwQ| wK
mjv cvvZ _K `~i iqQ, KviY mjv Avcbv`i wbR`i ^iwjwcZ
mwVKfve `Iqv hvQ bv| Avwg hw` mjvK BDivcxq ^iwjwcZ wjLZI cvwi
ZvnjI meZ mjv Avcbv`i jvK`i evaMg ne bv|
Iqjm : cvvZ Avcbvi mxZi m cwiwPZ nZ cvie|
VvKzi : Ggb wKQz myi-jq AvQ hjv Avgv`i Mfxifve Av`vwjZ Ki, wK
cvvZi kvZv`i eva nq nZeyw Kie| ZviciI, Avcwb hgb ejjb, Nwb
cwiPq NUj meZ mjv gv^q cwgi KvQ h_vwPZ K`i cve|

kvkwZKx-143

kvkwZKx-144

gvbe mfZvi fwelZ

iex`bv_ I GBP wR Iqjm

Iqjm : fwelZ kwK cKvk ne meZ GLbKvi Pq m~Y Avjv`v; Zvi

gvag ne GKB Ges mevi KvQ evaMg| aib iwWI, MvUv cw_exK GK hy
KiQ| Aviv bZzb bZzb Avwevi Avgiv cwZiva KiZ cvie bv| meZ
fwelZ, RvZxq fvlv I Dcfvlv wbq GLbKvi PuPvgwP hLb Kg Avme, wevbi
Aviv bZzb bZzb Avwevi NUe, ZLb Avgiv ciii m K_v eje GKB mvaviY
gvag eenvi Ki, hvi ^c GLbI Avgiv `wLwb|
VvKzi : GB hyMi Rb Avgv`i cqvRbxq bZzb gb Zwi KiZ ne| mfZvi
bZzb cqvRb Ges Pvwn`vi m Avgv`i wbR`i Lvc LvIqvZ ne|
Iqjm : Lvc LvIqvbv, fqvbK Lvc LvIqvbv!
VvKzi : Avcwb wK gb Kib GLvb KvbI gwjK eYMZ mgmv iqQ?
Iqjm : bv| bZzb bZzb eYi RbI nQ, we`vqI nQ, Aweivg IVv-bvgv|
Avw`gKvj _KB eYmi NU PjQ; fviZ Gi DrK D`vniY| D`vniY wnme,
evsjvq, RvwZc_v Ges Abvb evav mI PgrKvi eYmi NUQ|
VvKzi : GLvb Zvnj eYMiei ckUv AvmQ| cvvZ wK cyivcywifve cvPK
^xKwZ `q? hw` cviwiK MnY me bv nq, Zvnj Avwg mB `ki Rb LyeB
`ytL cKvk Kie, h Abi mswZK cZvLvb Ki| Aaqb KvbI wZ Ki bv,
hw`I W. nvm Ges nbwi gvwZmi gZv jvKiv gb nq wPv Kib h cvPxq gbi
DwPZ bq cvPxq `ki evBi hvIqv, ZvnjB me wVK nq hve|
Iqjm : Avwg Avkv Kwi Avcwb GKgZ neb bv| AvwgI bv|
VvKzi : GUv `ytLRbK evcvi h KvbI GKUv eY ev RvwZi jvKiv ^Mxq
wcqcvlYZvi `vwe Ki Ges wekvm Ki h mwi cwiKbv Abymvi RbMZfveB
Zviv Ab`i Pq k|
Iqjm : cvvZi kZi ckwU meZ MZ GKk eQii evcvi| jcvbZv
hyi AvM ch ZwzKiv cvvZ cvavb wevi Ki wQj; Kj^vmi Awfhvvi
cwiKbv bIqv nqwQj ZwzK`i Govbvi Rb| GwjRve_xq hyMi jLK Ges
Zvi Dim~ixiv cvPi m` Ges elwqK DrKl `L Awff~Z nqwQj| cvvZi
cwZcwi BwZnvm mwZB Lye Aw`bi|
VvKzi : meZ Dbwesk kZvxi c`v_ wevb cvvZ GB eYkZi PZbv mw
KiQ| cvP GB wevb AvZxKiY Kij cvv Rvqvi mw ne Ges ZLb ^vfvweK
MwZ wdi Avme|
Iqjm : AvaywbK wevb cyivcywi BDivcxq welq bq| wKQz `yNUbv Ges A^vfvweK
cwiwwZi KviY cvPi `kjv cw_exi Abvb Ask Df~Z AvweviwjK
KvR jvMvZ cviwb| GK mgq Zviv wbRivB wevbi AbK wKQz Avwevi I
DbwZ KiQ, ci mjvB cvvZ MnY Ges Zvi Aviv DrKl mvab KiQ|
AvRKvj wevbi RMZ Rvcvwb, Pxbv Ges fviZxq bvg Dchy ^xKwZ cvQ|
VvKzi : fviZ Lye Lvivc Aevi ga iqQ|
Iqjm : gvKj hLb fviZ ZZxq kwYi mvwnZ Ges `yej wkveev Pvwcq
`b fviZxqiv ZLb ^vfvweKfveB z nq| Ui KweZv co KvbI gvbyl euP
_vKZ cvi bv| Avgvi wekvm GLb m Aevi cwieZb NUQ| Ze wbwZ _vKzb

h BsiRivI Gi Pq fvj Aevq wQj bv| MociZv fviZxqi Pq fvj wkwZ

Avgiv wQjvg bv, eis Aev Aviv LvivcB wQj|
VvKzi : Avgv`i mgmv njv cvvZi gnvb mfZvjvi m Avgv`i hvMvhvM
^vfvweK Dcvq nqwb| Rvcvb cvvZxq mswZi ewkifvMB AvZxKiY KiZ
ciQ, Zvi KviY Zviv Zv`i cqvRb Abyhvqx MnY A_ev eRb Kivi gZv
^vaxbZv fvM KiQ|
Iqjm : GUv mwZB Lye g` evcvi, KviY ciiK Rvbvi weivU myhvM weivRgvb|
VvKzi : Zvici aib, wkvi mvZavivwj Kbv b`xi Pi cwiYZ nqQ, Avgv`i
m`i mvZw^bxjvK cwZMZfve wfb w`K cevwnZ Kiv nqQ|
Iqjm : AvwgI GKUv cRv-RvwZi m`m| AvgvK cPiz Uv w`Z nq| AvgvK
PK cvVvZ nq mvgwiK wegvb Pvjbvi Rb, miKvii K~UbwZK Kvhg
cwiPvjbvi Rb, cPiz ! Avcwb `LQb, Avgiv GKB Afi wkKvi| fviZ
AvgjvZi HwZn Aek AbK A^vfvweK, Ges mUv Pj AvmQ `xNKvj hver|
BsiR`i AvM gvMjiv GmQ, ZvivI Avgv`i jvK`i gZvB wbwePvix wQj|
VvKzi : ZviciI, wKQz cv_K AvQ! gvMj miKvi h_ ` Ges hvwKfve DbZ
wQj bv| gvMjiv A_ PqwQj, Ges hZw`b Zviv wejvmx Rxebhvcb KiZ ciQ
ZZw`b fviZi AMmigvb MvgxY mc`vqi Rxebhvcb weN mwi BQv cvlY
Kiwb| gymwjg mgvUiv fviZxq wkK Ges Mvgevmx`i Ici KZZ
ev kZ Avivc
Kiwb| GLb, D`vniY^ic, fviZi Avw` wkveev GKevi f coQ, Ges
mKj ^`kx wkvmsv cqvm miKvwi ^xKwZi Ici wbfikxj|
Iqjm : ivi ^xKwZ, Ges wkvi we`vq!
VvKzi : AvgvK cvqB wRm Kiv nq Avgvi cwiKbv Kx| Avgvi Reve nQ, Avgvi
KvbI cwiKbv bB| Avgvi `k, Ab me `ki gZv, Zvi wbRi msweavb wbRB
Mo Zzje; mUv GMve Zvi cixvg~jK chvqi ga w`q Ges kl ch GKUv wKQz
`uvwoq hve, Avwg ev Avcwb hv Avkv Kwi Zvi _K m~Y Avjv`v wKQz|

kvkwZKx-145

kvkwZKx-146

cKvwkZ nqQ Kwe kvgxg bIivR-Gi wZxq KveM cvwL`i

evsjv LvZv| Kwei mvcwZK mgq jLv 40wU KweZv w`q mvRvbv
nqQ MwU| cKvk KiQ myeY cKvkbx| cQ` KiQb aye Gl|
eBwUi g~j ivLv nqQ 70 UvKv|

iRvDj Kwig wmwKx

PvLi evwj : iex`bv_i Dcbvm I FZzcYi PjwP

PjwP iex`bv_ (148-161)

PjwP : PvLi evwj

PjwP : PZzi

kvkwZKx-147

mvwnZiwmK`i KvQ iweVvKzii PvLi evwj DcbvmwUi K_v bZzb Ki bv ejjI

Pj, wK Zuviv AbKB Gi Dci wfw Ki wbwgZ QwewU `Lb wb| ejvB evj
GKwU Dcbvm ev M KLbvB e QweZ cvIqv hvq bvmeI bq KviY `yUv
gvag Avjv`v, Avi Qwei `Ni welqwU iZc~Y weavq AbK wKQz ev` bv
w`q Dcvq _vK bv| wK hw` GiKg nq h Dcbvm bB Ggb wKQz mshvRb Kiv
nqQ A_ev hv mswfve DjL AvQ gv Zv wevwiZfve, Ggb wK bZzb Pwi
mw Ki `Lvbv nqQ QweZ Zvnj eySZ ne cwiPvjK GwUK Zuvi `wKvY
_K h_ cqvRbxq gb KiQb| wdj KvMRKvwji gZ mv bq, Zvi Dci bZzb
Pwi mshvRb gvbB eqew| Avevi GiKg cvqB j Kiv hvq h GKwU
GwcmvW ev NUbv Dcbvm hfve AvQ ev Dcvcb Kiv nqQ Zv _K wfbfve
QweZ `Lvbv nQ| wKQz cwieZbeRb, mshvRb, icvigvag Avjv`v ej
Riwi nq co| Abvb cwieZb cavbZ wPbvUKvi I cwiPvjKi wbR^ wP
vaviv, cQ`-AcQ` I Kvbv ee cwizU Kivi BQv _vKj Zv viv wbqwZ nq|
cwiPvjKi ee Avi JcbvwmKi ee GK wK bv Zv weePbv Kiv hZ cvi|
QwewU `Lvi mgq Avgvi gb nqQ GZUv cwieZb cqvRb wQj bv, wekl Ki
hLb QweZ AcwiewZZ ivLv nqQ Dcbvmi Kvwnbxi g~j KvVvgv cwiYwZ I
wkivbvg, hvi mv_ Rbgb Rwoq AvQ iex`bv_i bvg| DjLhvM cwieZbjv
j Kivi ci nqZv Gi evLv ev Dcmsnvi hvIqv hZ cvi|
Dcbvmi iZB ivRjx I Zvi cy gn`i ga K_vcK_b webvw`bxK
weq Kivi cm| gn` AwbQzK| Avi Qwei iZB GKwU wPwV cvV Kiv nQ
bc_, hv ivRjx wjLQb Zvi evjmwL A_vr webvw`bxi gvK| GB wPwV _K
Kvwnbxi cv_wgK aviYv cvIqv hvQ, Avi GwU coevi mgq `Lvbv nQ webvw`bxi
QweK gn`i Aenjv, ivRjxi Am gyL| Zvici webvw`bxK `Lv hvQ GK
gvSeqmx BDivcxq aghvwRKvi m| webvw`bxi evev Zvi GKgv KbvK
wgkbvix gg ivwLqv e hZ covbv I KviKvh wkLvBqvwQjDcbvmi ay GB
GKwUgv evKi Dci wfw Ki QweZ hvM Kiv nj mB ggmvnei Pwi| Zvi
m webvw`bx fvv BsiwRZ K_v ejQ| ggmvnei cki Reve Zvi ^vgx Kx
AmyL A eqm gviv MQ Zv evSvevi Pv KiQ| ggmvne webvw`bxK
PKvjU w`Qb, webvw`bxi wav hnZz m weaev| (ci `Lv hve webvw`bx
BsiwR g` kL wb, Ges m GKwU BsiwR MvbI MvBe|) Dcbvm Gme bB|
Dcbvmi webvw`bx GZUv AvaywbKv bq, hw`I m wkwZv, eywgZx, iwPmbv I
ewj ewZi AwaKvwiYx| cii wmKvq ewgi KKvi DBj _K wenvix
coQ ivRjx, gwnb I Abc~Yvi DcwwZZ| (Dcbvm webvw`bx jywKq coe
wele, Ges mwU Aviv ci|) ivwnYx Ggb GKRb icmx weaev h msvi gvb
bv| wK Zvi AbK Y AvQbvbvb iKg ivbv, KviKvR, Kb mvRvbv, BZvw`|

kvkwZKx-148

Ges GB mKj Yvejxi Rb Aekl ZvnvK gwiZ nBj, gwnbi evZK g

e| ivRjx Reve ejb h GKRb weaev IiKg AvPiY Kij fMevb kvw `eb
bv? gwnb ej h kvw w`qQb ewgP`, fMevb bq| ivRjx Avevi ejb h
bfj wjLj IiKg GKUz mvwRq wjLZ nq| AvRKvjKvi mv`vgvUv weaev`i wK
GLbKvi Qjiv cQ` Kie? Di gwnb ej h ewgi Kvbv gqKB
GLbKvi Qjiv cQ` Kie bv, KviY Zviv BsiwR Rvb bv| ivRjx ck Kib,
ZvB hw` mwZ Zv nj m webvw`bxK Aenjv KiwQj Kbv, m Zv BsiwR
RvbZv| gwnb iwmKZvi Qj ck Gwoq hvq| ivRjxi Avc gqUv weqi ci
GK eQi bv hZB weaev njv| ZLb wenvix Rvbvq h hnZz KjR gwnb weaev
weevni c ZK KiQ, webvw`bxK Zvi Rb fvev hZ cvi| cwiPvjK
iZB evjeae, KwVb msvi euvav Zvi ewZ Rxeb, wkvi Afve (webvw`bx
GB evcvi GKwU ewZg), BZvw` mgmv Ges GBwjK ^vfvweK ej gb
bIqvi h ceYZv Zvi cwZ AvjvKcvZ KiQb Ges ci wewfb `k wewfbfve
Zv gb Kwiq w`qQb| Dcbvm Gme bB ejjB Pj| ejyo gVi GK ^vgxRxi
AKvj gZzi msev` gwnb Qvov Avi mKj ggvnZ| Dcbvm GiKg Kvbv
^vgxRxi K_vB bB| Gi ci Avi GKwU wPwV cvV Kiv nQ, hv Abc~Yvi jLv Zvi
i`eK| GB wPwV _K Kvwnbxi cieZx avc A_vr AvkvjZvi m gn`i
weqi K_v Rvbv hvQ| m iex`mxZi myi evRQ| G mgq c`vq f~wgKvwjwc
`Lvbv nQ| Dcbvm GB `yBwU wPwVi KvbUvB bB| ay ZvB bq, gb coQ bv
Abc~Yvi i`e ej Kviv DjL Dcbvm AvQ| hvB nvK, GiKg cwieZb
wZ Ggb wKQz nQ bv, eis ii Dcvcbv eva nq wKQzUv msw, bvUKxq I ewk
djcm~ Kiv MQ|

GB h cwiPvjK bvix`i wekl Ki weaev`i ebv Avi hYvi cmUv evi

evi GbQb Zvi Qwei ga, KB f~wgKvwjwcZ wZwb Zv webvw`bxi bvgUv mevi
c_g w`jb bv| Avwg wK mUvB Avkv KiwQjvg| wZwbI wK GLvb mgvR ev `kK
mwUgU viv wbqwZ nqQb, bv wK welqUv GKeviB Zvi gv_vq Avm wb?
gn` I Avkvi khv`ki K_vcK_b Avkv ejQ, nuvMv AvRI Avcwb
KjR Mjb bv| Avcwb m^vab Kivq gwnbi Avcw| Avkv DwM KviY mevB
ZvK `vl `e GB ej h Zvi RbB Zvi ^vgxi covbvi wZ nQ|
AvkvjZvi gyL A evsjv iweVvKzi `b wb, FZzcY w`qQb, nqZv Zvi wkvi

Afve I wbZv Amnvq cvwievwiK cUf~wgKv Rvi w`q evSvevi Rb| Avkvi
cPwjZ avivi AbymiY I AbMmiZvi cwZ `w AvKlY KiZ Aviv ek wKQz
LuywUbvwU welq I msjvc cwiPvjK Dveb KiQb GB QweZ| jvK Kx eje Zv
wbq Avkvi fvebv| mB jvKwU K gwnb RvbZ PvBj Avkv Zv Gwoq wMq
gwnbK Abyiva Ki Kzqvq cov nvi Dvi nqQ ej gvbZ Abyhvqx KvjxNvU
c~Rv `evi Rb ZvK wbq hZ| KvRi jvK _vKZ m Kbv Rj ZzjZ Mjv
gwnbi GB cki Reve Avkv ej h me mgq nvZcv wUq em _vKj jvK
g` eje| Zvi m^ Kvbv wb`v Zvi RvVvgkvBqi Kvb Mj Zuvi Amvb ne
bv? gwnbi cvv ck, duvwK w`q gq cvi KivUv Amvbi bq? cvx wnme
AvkvK `LZ Mj ejv nqwQj h Zvi Mvbi Mjv fvj, wK Mvb m Mvq wb KviY
wenvix eviY KiwQj| Zvnj GLb m wenvixi KvQ hvK; ZvZ hw` jvK wb`v
Ki Zvi Rb Avkv gwnbK `vqx KiZ cvie bv| msjvci aib `L gb nq
gn` hbv GKUv wki m K_v ejQ KZzKfi| AMZv Avkv Mvb MvBZ
PvBj gwnb ej h ay Mvb kvbvjB ne bv, kixii wewfb Ask `LvZ ne|
gb nZ cvi h GLvb `kK`i myomywo `evi Pv AvQ| wK hw` ai bIqv
hvq h cvx `Lvi mbvZbx c_vK (ejvB evj cyilcewZZ) GLvb e Kiv
nQ, Zv nj m `vl AbKUvB L| Zv Qvov GB wmKvq Avi GKwU KvR
KiQAvkvi AcwiYZ gb I gwnbi cvk Zvi Amg Aevbi welqwU civfve
Zzj aiQ| GLvb Gme cwieZb/ mshvRb wbq ewk wKQz AwfhvM Kivi bB,
KviY Dcbvmi w_g I MwZi m Gmei Zgb Kvb wef` bB|
Abc~YvK wbq ivRjx AwfhvM Kib h GKUv WvBwb (Avkv) Zvi QjK
KvgvLvi fov Ki iL w`qQ| Abc~Yv wMq AvkvK Po Klb| ZvZI
ivRjxi Amvl ckwgZ nq bv| cii wmKvq ZvK `Lv hvq Zvi Mvgi
evwoZ, hLvb webvw`bx Zvi `Lvkvbv KiQ| webvw`bxi e`jZ Zvi nqQ
Pvqi bkv| GRb Zvi gb cvcevaI KvR Ki, KviY wZwb gb Kib weaev`i
Rb Aviv AbK wKQzi m PvI wbwl| ZvQvov Pvq wdwiw`i Quvqv AvQ|
webvw`bx hyw `Lvq : Pvqi cvZv Zv Avi wdwiwiv evbvq bv| gwnbi wPwV Avm,
wenvixK jLv, gvK bq| m wPwVi ga GKUv AveMNb BsiwR KweZv wjL
cvwVqQ| GB KweZvwU, hv Dcbvm bB, webvw`bx wbq hvQ Zvi gg wmmUvii
KvQ fvj Ki eyS bevi Rb|
ivRjx KjKvZvi evwoZ wdi AvmQb webvw`bxK m wbq| GKw`b m
evwo _K `Lv Mjv GK ggmvne H ivvq GKUv evwo LuR
y Qb| webvw`bx ZvK
BsiwRZ Rvbvq h GBUv mB evwo bq| Avkv AevK nq webvw`bxi BsiwR ejv
b| Avkv Zvi gvmxi gZ wekvm Ki, gq`i AZ BsiwR wkLZ bB| m
K_v webvw`bx Rvbj Ges gvbj Zvi AvR GB `yMw Z nZv bv| wVK evSv hvq bv
BsiwR kLvi m webvw`bxi fvMwechqi Kx mK| e Luwy UbvwU mshvRb Ki
cwiPvjK GKw`K hgb webvw`bxi wkv, msw Z, gav I AvaywbKZvi Ici Rvi
w`qQb, Abw`K AvkvjZvi Awkv, AvbvwoZ, mKj gbgvbwmKZv Aviv
cwizU KiZ PqQb| nqZv AvkvjZvK evsjvi Aviv j j wbZv mvaviY

kvkwZKx-149

kvkwZKx-150

gn`: cmwZ Pvcvavq

wenvix: UvUv ivq Payix
webvw`bx: Hkh ivB
AvkvjZv: ivBgv mb
ivRjx: wjwj PeZx
Abc~Yv: wPZv ivqPayix
wPKi: AfxK gyLvcvavq
wk wb`kbv: B`bxj Nvl
mxZ cwiPvjbv: `eRvwZ wg
wPbvU I cwiPvjbv: FZzcY Nvl

bvixi cwZwbwa wnme Zzj aiZ PqQb| eBqi AvjgvixZ `Iqvi Rb Avbv
`vv cvZv evwjki Zjvq iL gwnbi eKzwb LqQ Avkv| bvc_vwjb m^
Kvb aviYvB bB Zvi, Ggb wK kUv mwVKfve DPviY Kiv ev gb ivLv Zvi c
me bq| webvw`bx KvMR Zv wjL w`Q| Avi `kUv mvaviY gqi gZB AvkvjZv
A`ev`x| Kvi m Kvi weq nevi K_v wQj GB cmUv hLb `yB mwLi K_vi ga
DV AvmQ, ZLb Avkv ej h fMevb hv Kib Zv gji RbB Kib| ZLb
webw`bxi ck : ZvB hw` mwZ Zv nj Zvi AKvj eaei ga Kx gj wbwnZ
AvQ? ivRjx, Abc~Yv Avi webvw`bxi Pvqi Avmi cvc, AbyZvc, kvi weavbi
cm IV, we`vmvMi Avi weaevweevni K_vI IV| wK ZvZ wK KwP KwP
weaev`i hYv NyPQ? Abc~Yvi ck| Avevi hLb evwoZ MvQ KvUv nQ webvw`bxi
wb`k hvZ gwnb I Avkvi Ni ewk Avjv XvK, ZLb ZvZ wenvixi Avcw GB
KviY h MvQiI cvY AvQ| webvw`bx Reve `q h m K_v ejZ Mj Aviv
AbK K_v ejZ nq, ZLb wK Avi ay weaev`i gvQ LvIqv e Kij Pj bv|
BwZUv eva nq GB h gvQ`iI cvY AvQ, wK mRb ay weaeviv Zv LvIqv
e Kie Kb?
ay weaev`i ebvi K_v bq, bvixK cyili fvMi mvgMx wnme eenvi
Ges hbwgjbi mgq bvixi cwZ Zvi sadistic AvPiYi K_vI Zzj aiv nqQ|
gwnb Avkvi Rb GKUv gLgji RvKU wKb GbQ| webvw`bx ZvK Zv ciZ
mvnvh KiZ wMq j Ki Avkvi eyK AvNvZi wP| gwnbi Kv| Kbv m
evav `q bv webvw`bxi GB cki Reve Avkv Rvbvq Zvi AmnvqZi K_v| m
Aviv Rvbvq h G evcvi gwnb AvZc mg_b VvKzi`eZvi D`vniY `q| Avkv
eva nq gb gb Aviv AbK bvixi gZv ^vgxi Gic AvPiY gbI bq|
Dcbvm G welqwUi DjL GKeviB bB| iex`bv_i AvkvjZv mijv, jLvcov
bv Rvbv I MnKg Avbvwo GK gq, wVK AvQ, wK GZUv KiYvi cvx bq| m
gwnbi hvM wK bv Zv wbqI wgZ _vKZ cvi, KviY m wePvi KiZ Mj gvbyl
wnme gwnbi hvMZv wbqI ck DVe| ZvQvov Dcbvmi kli w`Ki AvkvjZv
Avi c_g w`Ki AvkvjZv GK bq| AvkvjZvi GB cwieZb h GwcmvW nq
DVQ (ivRjxi gZzkhv) Zv QweZ Av` bB| mvRMvR Kivi ci Avkv ^vgxi
Ni hvq, Zvici hbwgjbi `k| bc_ weini Mvb evR hv webvw`bxi
ebvKB wb`k Ki|
Qwei wenvix, h ^`wk Av`vjb Ki, GKw`b Kx GKUv cwZev`bvgvq
webvw`bxi ^vi wbZ GmQ| Aviv me gq`i ^vi bB Kbv webvw`bx
RvbZ PvBj wenvix Rvbvq h ewki fvM gq mB KiZ Rvb bv| hviv Rvb
Zv`i AbKi Abxnvi KviY Lvivc nvZi jLv, BsiRfxwZ bq|
evMvbevwoZ wcKwbK| mB mgq e` gvZig vMvbmn wgwQji k kvbv
hvq| mw`b Kvi wgwUs wQjv wenvixi gyL bZ cq webvw`bx wewcb cvji
wgwUsq hvevi BQv cKvk Ki| ^vgxi bvg gyL Avbvq Zvi mgvjvPbv Ki Avkv|
`yB mwLZ MvQi kvLvq euvav `vjbvq `vj Lvq, m Mvb cyivbv mB w`bi K_v
fyjwe Kx i nvq| AbK Dvebi ga hwj djcm~ Zvi ga GwU GKwU|

wenvix Avkvi Rb cywiYx _K cdzj Zzj Avbvi Rb Mvqi Rvgv Lyjj Zvi
myVvg `n webvw`bxi gbvhvM AvKlY Ki| webvw`bxi aviYv wenvix kixiPPv
Ki| gwnbi KZzK, webvw`bxi hyw c`kb AvMKvi `kcwgKivI kixiPPv
KiZb, hgb ivRv ivggvnb ivq| wenvix Avkvi Rb c Zzj AvbQ, Abw`K
webvw`bxi cvq KuvUv dzUj Zv gwnb Zzj `evi mgq Zvi Ai nevi myhvM
cvQ| Avevi Avkv I gwnb hLb Nywgq coQ wenvix Avi webvw`bxI GK m wKQz
mgq KvUvbv I Aifve K_v ejvi myhvM cvQ| ZLb webvw`bx wRm KiQ
wenvix weq Kie wK bv| wenvix nm ejQ hw` fvR Kg co| webvw`bx ej m
DcwZ _vKe Zvi weqZ mvx wnme, Zvi fvR jvMe bv| Dcbvm m mgq
webvw`bx wenvixK Zvi QjejvKvi K_v ej| wenvix Avwevi Ki Avi GK
webvw`bxK h mZxx ev Rbbxi gZv KjvYgqx, h evBi wejvwmbx hyeZx njI
Ai GKwU c~RviZv bvix| hw`I wcKwbKi `kvejx I msjvc wPbvUKvicwiPvjK wbRi gZ Ki Zwi KiQb, Dcbvmi wfyR ev PZyfR
y cgi h w_g
Zvi Lye GKUv eZq GLvb NU wb|
wenvixi cwZ webvw`bxi AvKlYi Aviv wb`kbi GKwU nQ hLb ivRjx
GK cowk ev AvZxqvi m K_v ejQb wenvixi Rb cvx wbevPbi evcvi, ZiKvwi
KvUvq iZ webvw`bx Zvi nvZ KU djQ| Zvici gwnb ZvK Wvvii KvQ wbq
hvQ AvMni mv_| BsiR Wvvi nvZKvUv Atmv eySvZ g`yfvlY ej ai
wbQb| G iKg AwfZv Zuvi nqQ h `uvZ e_vi K_v ej ZuvK WK wbq hvIqv
nqQ Wwjfvwi Km `LvZ| Dcbvm BwZI bB GiKg GKwU m~Y bZzb
mshvRbi gvag AveviI cwiPvjK fviZxq mgvRi cvrc`Zv I prudery-i w`K
`w AvKlY KiQb| Zv`i wdiZ `wi nj Avkvi gb mw` nq IV|
Qwei cvq gvSvgvwS GKUv DjLhvM wmKvq AvmQ hLvb `yB mwL
mvRMvR KiQ, fvby wmsni c`vejx Mq webvw`bx bvPQ| Avkvi wR` webvw`bx
Mnbv ciQ| G mgq gwnb Avi wenvixi cek| wenvix ge Ki h webvw`bxK
my`i `LvQ, wK gwnb ej h webv mvRMvRB ZvK fvj `Lvq| webvw`bx gb
gb AvnZ nq, Mnbv Lyj dj| GKUy ci gwnbB Avevi Mnbvi ev wbq wMq
Avkvi bvg Ki webvw`bxK w`Q| webvw`bx ay gvjvUv wbZ PvBj gwnb ej h
m fvMvfvwM gvb bv| GiKg GKwU KvwbK wmKvq, hv Lye GKUv wekvmhvMI
bq, Zvi Lye GKUv cqvRb wQj wK? cwiPvjK GUvK KvR jvMvQb fvjevmvi
fvMvfvwMi welqUv Gi mv_ hvM Ki| `yB mBqi fvMvfvwMZ Zvi Kx Avm hvq,
webvw`bxi G cki Reve gwnb cvv ck Ki mwZB wK wKQz hvq Avm bv| Zvici
gwnb Nwb nevi Pv KiQ| mB Dvc webvw`bxi ga mvwiZ nQ| m
gwnbK ejQ GKwU Nvovi Mvwo WK ZvK Mvi avi eovZ wbq hZ Ges
gwnbi cki Reve ejQ h GB `yBqi gvSvgvwS Kvbv c_ bB| gwnb ZvK
Pzgy w`j m evav w`Q bv iwmKZv Ki ejQ h Zvi ^vgx giQ hvq| gwnb
fq mi Mj webvw`bx KZzKc~Y nvwm nm ej Zvi ^vgxi gZzi mwVK KviY,
cxnvi AmyL| Gici cgv` Xvwjqv w`by gb, Zey cvY Kb Kuv` i GB Mvbi
m wKQz kUi mshvRb Kiv nqQ : Avkvi khvcvk _K DV wMq gwnb wjLZ

kvkwZKx-151

kvkwZKx-152

em (meZ wPwV), `iRvq emv gvQIqvjx webvw`bxK gvQ `Lvq, GB mgq gwnb
wmuwo w`q bg Kv_vI hvIqvi mgq PzwcPzwc webvw`bxi cvk wPwV dj hvq,
webvw`bx wPwV co, gwnb wPwV co, `yBRb nuU Kv_vI hvq, Nvovi Mvwo, e`
gvZig vMvbmn GKUv wgwQj Avm, webvw`bxi hYvwK gyL, `yB mwL Qv`
gyLvgywL nq Kvco gj `q, webvw`bxi KvQ _K gwnb cvb bq, gwnb jywKq
wPwV co, khvq kvwqZ Avkv, gwnb webvw`bxi dUv `L, `ivR Lyj webvw`bx
GKwU LvZv ei Ki Zvi fZi ivLv GKUv KvMR `L hvi Dcii dzji Kbv
cuvcwo Avi KqK jvBb KweZv hvi gg nj cwievi, abRb, mewKQz co _vKe hLb
giY Avme| gvRagx wKQz GKUv Kievi Pv GBLvb Kiv nqQ ej gb nq|
GUv evSv hvq h gwnb Avi webvw`bxi ga Mvcb cg I Awfmvi PjQ, wK
Gmei mv_ eivM ev AvavwZK fvebvm~PK KweZvi jvBbKwUi wVK Kx mK
evSv k, wekl Ki hLb GKUz ciB `Lv hve GB `yRbK Lye Ai `k
hLvb kvixwiK AveMK ek cejfveB Dcvcb Kiv nqQ (Dcbvm hiKg
AvQ Zvi PvBZ Lvjvgjvfve)| ^vgxi gZy wZw_Z webvw`bx KvjxNvU c~Rv
`Iqvi bvg Ki evwo _K ewiq gwnbi m mgq KvUvQ| gwnbi Kcvji
iwZjKi `vM jvMQ webvw`bxi Kcvj, hv m gyQQ gwnbi Rvgvq Avi ejQ,
m Kie, wP ivLe bv ZvB wK nq ej? Dcbvm G iKg kvixwiK mvwba GKiKg
AbycwZ| Iw`K Avkv kvwoi wb`k cwZekx gwnjvK `Lvbvi Rb Zvi evjv
AvbZ wMq Mnbvi ev Lyj Avwevi KiQ webvw`bxi GKvwaK wPwV gwnbK
jLv| Avkvi Kvbv, kvwoi ck| webvw`bxi cwZ m`n Nbxf~Z nq| Avi mB mgq
AwfmvwiKv webvw`bx evwo wdi KvjxNvU _K Avbv cmv` w`Z PvBQ ivRjxK|
mBK wRm KiQ Zvi Kvbvi KviY| Ironical Ges bvUKxq| webvw`bxK ZLb
Avi fvj gq ej gb nq bv| iex`bv_I webw`bxK cyivcywi wbLuyZ Av`k bvix
wnme Mob wb, Ze Zvi webvw`bx gwnbi m cvwjq MjI eva nq kl ch
kixix zavi KvQ AvZmgcY Ki wb| Gi cii `k AvkvK `Lv hvQ KvkxZ
gvmxi m Zx_ KiQ| bc_ ^vgxi KiYv wfv Ki jLv Zvi wPwV cvV|
Iw`K KjKvZvq ivRjx Avi webvw`bx gyLvgywL| ivRjx Zvi eDgvi nVvr
Kvkx Pj hvIqvi Rb webvw`bxKB `vqx Kib| webvw`bx cZzi Kij ivRjx
DwRZ nq cob| Avgvi Ni Kv_vq em jvMvev, fvvev, Kv_vq em nvMe
Zv Avwg wVK Kie... mebk Kvjmvc| wZwb Aviv wKQz Akve k DPviY Kib :
fvZviLvKx gvMx, QuyPv gqQj| (iex`bv_ ivRjxi gyL Ggb fvlv `b
wb|) ivRjx ejb KuyoNi _K Gm wZbgnjv evwo `L webvw`bxi cvUivYx
nIqvi mva nqQ| webvw`bx ej GiKg AvKvv Zvi _vKj Avkv AbK AvMB
NiQvov nZv| GK chvq webvw`bx ZuvK Pvqi bkvi LuvUv w`ZB ewg Ki Pv
Zzj djevi e_ Pv Kib| k b gwnb Avmj ZvK GK Nvi ga wmv
wbZ ejb K _vKe GB evwoZ, Zvi gv bv webvw`bx|
Gici webvw`bx wenvixi KvQ wMq Avkq Pvq, wbRK mgcY Ki ej ZvK
weq KiZ, wK wenvix ZvK cZvLvb Ki| webvw`bx Zvi Mvgi evwoZ Pj
hvq| GB mgq webvw`bx wenvixK h wPwV jL Zvi fvlv Dcbvm Avi QweZ `yB

iKg njI Zvi myiUv gvUvgywU GK| Qwei webvw`bx wjLQ, mgvR Zvi wZb
cwiPqweaev, ggmvne I hyeZx| GB wZb cwiPqi Aivj Zvi Avmj cwiPq m
GKRb igvsmi mvaviY bvix, h cwiPqi ^xKwZ mgvRi KvQ bB, wK
wenvixi KvQ _vKe Avkv KiwQj| Mvgi evwoi `b`kv, cvovcwZekx`i Clv,
we`c, wb`v Gme wKQz QweZ `Lvbv nq wb| mLvb gwnbi AvMgb| ZvK
webvw`bx Avcvqb Ki| (wK Dcbvm Avcvqb Zv `~ii K_v, webvw`bx mLvb
Zvi m ip eenvi Ki, hw`I m Zvi mB KjKvZv wdi Avm|) QweZ
webvw`bx Lvevi cvZB gwnbK m cwZv Kwiq bq GB ej h m ZvK KvkxZ
wenvixi KvQ cuQ `e Ges mviv c_ ZvK iv Kivi `vwqZ be| gwnb Rvbvq
h webvw`bx h wZi fq KiQ Zvi Zid _K m iKg wKQz NUe bv| GB
RvqMvUv Zgb wekvmhvM ev mvgmc~Y gb nQ bv GB KviY h QweZ Gi
AvMB GKvwaKevi GB `yRbi AveMNb gjvgkv `Lvbv nqQ|
cii `k KvkxZ| Abc~Yv AvkvK gvQ Lvevi Rb cxovcxwo KiQb Ges
Zvi eevI KiQb, hnZz Avkv mvbmev| GKRb gwnjv gvQ fvRQb| Zvi
cvk Avi GKRb gwnjv DrmyK bqb Zv `LQb| whwb gvQ fvRQb Zvi bvKgyL
Kvco PvcvGi KviY nqZv GB h wZwb GKRb weaev Ges gvQfvRvi MUvI
wbZ Pvb bv| GB ^weivax BgR ebvi welqUvK Zxe Ki Avi mB mv_
bvixev`x w_g wbgvY Avi GKwU wWUBj hy nQ| bc_ MvIqv weini Mvb I
Rxeb i, Qvwoqv hvm b gvi/ ZzB, Rxeb, Qvwoqv Mj Av`i Kie K? ZvZ
gvv hvM KiQ|
Gi ci GB KvkxZB gvSMvq eRivq `Lv hvq gwnb I webvw`bxK|
Dcbvm webvw`bx gwnbi m Ni Qvo Aviv ci, AZ miKg GKUv aviYv
nq| KjKvZvq divi ci wenvixi cwg Pj hvevi ev GiKg GKUv Lei kvbvi
ciB Kej m gwnbi cv e ivwR nq| gb ivLZ ne h Dcbvm gwnbi m
webvw`bxi h mK Zvi cavb PvwjKvkw Clv, Dvg kvixwiK Pvwn`v ev gwnbK
fvjjvMv ZZUv bq| m GK RvqMvq ejQ, Avgvi eyKi Rvjv jBqv Avwg gn`i
Ni RvjvBqvwQ| GKevi gb nBqvwQj Avwg gn`K fvjevwm, wK Zvnv fyj
(35Zg Aavq)| eRivq webvw`bx I gwnbi K_vcK_b, wKQz `~i Avi GKwU
eRivq fRb Mvb PjQ| gwnbi KvQ webvw`bx GKUv jvj kvj wKb PvBQ| jvj
iOi evcvi gwnbi wav| GB eRiv _KB Aciv Mvm w`q webvw`bx `LZ
cjv AvkvK Zvi gvmxi m Mvi NvU| `L Zvi gb mvb Kvgbv RvM| gwnb
Zvi m AvKvv c~iY KiZ, wK m h AvMB gwnbK cwZv Kwiq wbqQ|
Gici NvU GK gZz c_hvx A_ev m`gZi Pvicvk Nyi Nyi MvIqv fwMvb
bQ webvw`bx, cib mv`vgvUv weaevi ek| DcwZ `xb`ytLx`i e weZiYKvix
ZvKI GKUv Kvco w`Q| webvw`bx PgK DV mi AvmQ| mB ewi GK
AvZxqvi m K_v ejvi GKchvq m wenvixK mB ewi khvcvk `LZ cq
GwMq Mj| webvw`bxi PvLgyL Avb`i QUv| wenvix ZvK wRm Kijv
gwnb`v Kv_vq| GKUz AevK nq webvw`bx wRm Ki, Avcwb Avgvi KvQ
Avmb wb? m ck Gwoq wenvix ivRjxi gZz msev` `q| m Avevi RvbZ Pvq

kvkwZKx-153

kvkwZKx-154

gwnb Kv_vq| ivRjxi gZzi mgq Zvi khvcvk Zvi wbKUvZxqiv KD wQj bv|
GZ GKUv UvwRK gvv hvM nQ| Ze Dcbvm Zvi gZzi c~e AbycwZ
wbKUvZxqiv mevB Gm nvwRi nq Ges gwnb I webvw`bx wej^ njI gvi gv jvf
Ki| ivRjxi kl BQvUvKI cwiPvjK wbRi cQ`gZ ic w`qQb| wenvix
RvbvQ mB BQvi K_v : weaev fvRb Kivm| jvK evYK `q, MiK `q,
KvKK `q, kqvjK `q, Ggb wK MvQKI `q; wK weaevK KD wKQz `q
bv| webvw`bx gwnbK ejQ evwo hZ Avi kvi w`b wKQz Pv DrmM KiZ|
ivRjx Pv LZ eo fvjevmZb| gwnbi m hbv GB Zvi kl `Lv nq A_ev
Avevi `Lv njI Zvi ga cyivbv Kvbv jb`b bv _vKvUvB fvj|
Zvici iBj ay wenvixi m kl gvKvejv| wenvix hLb webvw`bxK weqi
cv e `evi Rb K_v ejQ Mvi NvU ZLb evKMvD RjQ wPZv, bc_
Avevi mB Mvb I Rxeb i| wenvixi cv e b webvw`bx ck Ki, Avcbvi
eVvbi gywcY? wenvix ej, bv| ZLb bc_ DPvwiZ nQ weqi g Avi
`kgvb nQ wPZvi Avb| nqZv webvw`bxi gb Zvi weq Avi eaei wZ
RvMQ GKm| Gi cii wmKvq wenvix eRivq AvmQ webvw`bxi gZv
RvbZ| Iiv ciiK Pzgy w`Q| bc_ mxZ G Kx jveY c~Y cvY, cvbk
n| webvw`bxK ciw`b cZ _vKvi K_v ej wenvixi cvb| G ch `L gb
nq cwiPvjK GB `yB Rbi wgjb NUvZ PvBQb| wK bv| ciw`b wenvix Gm
webvw`bxK cvQ bv, cvQ `yBwU wPwV| GKwU msw, wenvixK jLv : weevni
fvR cvQ Kg co ZvB cvjvBjvg| mi wPwVwU evwji| cuQvBqv w`j KZv_
_vwKe| gvcvw_bx, webvw`bx| AbwU `xN, AvkvK jLv| Dcbvm bB, wK
QweZ mshvRb Kiv GB wPwVwU cyivUvB DZ Kiv cqvRb ej gb nQ|
fvB evwj,
Zvi Avi Avgvi ga evBi AbK Awgj wQj, Zey Avgiv mB cvwZqwQjyg|
ek wQjyg `wRcvov wUi `vZjvi Acyi| mUvB wQj Avgv`i ivRKvi RMr|
ZzB `k ejZ Pvm ZvI ejZ cvwim| Agb evBii Awgj wbq wgjwgk _vKv G
`ki BwZnvm bZyb bq| ZvB Avgiv bZzb wKQz Kwi wb, evwj, Zv ej Aii wgj
ejZ mwZB wK wKQz wQj bv? wQjmsmvi Kivi mva| H h ejjyg H `wRcvov
wUi Acyii evBi Avgiv wKQ&Qz `wL wb| ZvB Avgv`i `Lv GKUv gvbylK wbq
`yRbB mB mva gUvZ PqwQ| ZvZ mvaI gU wb; Avgv`i Qv `kUzKzI f
UzKiv UzKiv nq MQ| KvRb mvnei AvBb mwZB hw` dj Zv nj GLb _K
Avwg Avi ZzB `yUv Avjv`v `k _vKe| mB `yB `k em Avgiv hw` wbRi wbRi
GZ w`bKvi Acgvb, `ytL Avi ebvi K_vB ay fvwe Zv nj Zv Avgiv c_g _KB
nvi gb wbjyg| Avmj `k Zv gbi ga, evwj| Aii PvL Kvbw`b hw`
Avgv`i wKQz _K _vK, mB cvZvbvi w`b mB h Avgiv ejwQjyg, Ici LB bxP
`B, ZzB Avgvi Avi Rbi mB, hw` mUv GKevii RbI gbcvY wekvm Ki _vwK,
Zv nj KvRb mvne Avgv`i wK R Kie? hw`b H `wRcvov wU Qo Kvkxi
NvU wMq `uvovjyg, mw`b c_g Rvbjyg mwZKvii `k KvK ej| mLvb numj,
DVvb, LoLwoi evBiI h GKUv weivU RMr m Kej eBq cowQi Avi fewQ
MK_v| gnvfviZ AvQ Awfgby gvqi cUi fZiB g exi nqwQj| Zvi cU
h mvb m Zvi mv_ mv_ ivR Mvmvb KiQ| `vnvB, evwj, m QjB nvK
kvkwZKx-155

Avi gqB nvK, ZvK Kej `wRcvov wUi `vZjv evwoZ AvUK ivwLm b|
`Lwe mwZKvii `k KvK ej mB GKw`b ZvK eywSq `e|
BwZ,
Zvi PvLi evwj

iex`bv_i Dcbvmi m G wPwVi me K_vi mivmwi hvM bB, ZeyI Avgvi gb

nqQ h QweZ G wPwVi overall effect-Uv AmvaviY Ges Dcbvmi mKj cwieZb
ev mshvRbi ga GwU me PvBZ mv_K| `yBRb bvixi ga Awgj AbK, wK
Zviv `yBRbB bvix| mxgve Zv`i RMr| Zvi evBi hvevi gZv Zv`i KviviB
bB| GB A_ Zviv hb nq MQ mgM bvix RvwZi cwZwbwa|
QweUv wVK GLvbB kl nQ bv| webvw`bx Kv_vq Pj MQ Rvbv hvq wb| m
fviZeli K_v wjLQ| nqZv Ab Kvbv fviZeli mvb cqQ| mLvbB
MQ| GB K_vjv ej wenvix| Zvi cib ^`wk cvlvK| m wgwUsq hve|
gwnb ZvK mveavb hZ ej KviY knii Aev fvj bq| Zvici AvRvbi awb
kvbv hvq| Avi c`vq fm IV GB K_vwj, mevii gZ ef VwKq ivLv
wMqwQj...42 eQi ci Zv Avi me nj bv| Awef evsjvi wbj AvKvv
awbZ nqQ GLvb, Ze iex`bv_i Dcbvm G evcvi Kvb K_vB bB|
kl GK_v ejv hvq h iex`bv_i Dcbvm cvavb cqQ cavb Pwijvi
ga Clvi , AvKlY, weKlY I fyj evSveywS Avi FZzcYi QweZ mvgwMKfve
bvixRvwZi ebv I AmnvqZi DciB hb ewk Rvi `Iqv nqQ| iex`bv_i
AZ GB M bvixev`x fvebv nq IV wb| webvw`bxi ebvK cKU Kivi
Rb Dwb AvkvK GKevi Ac`v_ wnme `LvZ Pvb wb, Zvi GKUv eo cgvY
kli w`K Avkvi Pwi cwieZb| m AvZwekvmx Avi hb cvKv Mw nYx nq DVQ
hLb Zvi kvwo gZz khvq| Abc~Yv ejb, ^vgxK `eZvi gZ Kwiqv mev Kiv
xi ag| Avkv ZvB KiZ Pvq, Zvi ^vgxK m c~Rv `q, wK wbRK m AhvM
Rvb, ZvB fq GB c~Rv hw` `eZv MnY bv Ki cvq Vj `b| iex`bv_ ev_
Gme wjLQb ej gb nq bv| `eZv kl c~RvwiYxK MnY KiQb| Ges mB
`eZv Avi KD bq, gn`, hvK ejv hZ cvi GK Av`yi gvqi GKgv spoilt
child, hvi Pwii cavb ewkwji ga KZwj nj wejvwmZv, Avjm (QweZ
ewkifvM mgq gwnbK kvIqv A_ev wbj Aevq `Lvbv nqQ), ciwbfikxjZv
I wR`| webvw`bxi cwZ iweVvKzii mnvbyfw~ Z _vKjI Zv wbizk bq| G K_v wVK
h Dcbvm webvw`bxK cwivifveB AvkvjZvi PvBZ wewfb w`K w`q hvMZi
bvix wnme wPwZ Kiv nqQ Ges Zv mI Zvi e`j AvkvjZv gn`i x nZ
cvijv ej h webvw`bxi AwePvi ev ebvi eva ZvI Dcbvm AvQ, wK
iex`b v_ GKvwaKevi gb Kwiq w`qQb h G _K DZ
~ Clv webvw`bxK wec_
Vj w`Q| cwZK~j fvMekZ webvw`bx Avcb cwZfvK Kvbv cyili wP
AevnZfve Rqx KwiZ bv cvwiqv msnvig~wZ aviY Kwij (19Zg Aavq)| wenvix
Zvi wPwV diZ cvwVqQ GiKg aviYv Ki zv webvw`bx...Zvnvi Pvwiw`Ki
mg msmviUvK RvjvBevi Rb cZ
nBj (24Zg Aavq)| Zvici wenvixi KvQ
kvkwZKx-156

AvZmgcb KiZ wMq webvw`bx ZvK ck Ki h Avkvi ga m Ggb Kx `LQ

Ges Aviv Rvbvq h wenvix hw` AvkvK fvj bv evmZ (A_vr ZvK fvjevmZ) Zv
nj Zvi viv Avkvi Ggb mebvk nZv bv, A_vr m ZLb gn`i gbvhvMK
ckq w`Zv bv Ges Zvi m Ni Qo ewiq coevi Rb ZvK civfve
civwPZ KiZ bv| wK m gn`K Qvoe Kxmi wewbgq? G K_v b wenvix ej
h Zvi K_vjv bvUK-bfji msjvci gZv, wK bvUKi bvwqKv Ri
DciB kvfv cvq, Ni ZvnvK jBqv Pj bv (35Zg Aavq)| webvw`bxi
wUjv ev` w`q kyay Yjv ivLj, gn`K GKwU serious Pwi wnme wbgvY
Kij, Avi kl wenvixi weqi cv e webvw`bx ivwR nj Avgiv Ab iKg wKQz
cZ cviZvg hLvb gn` GKUz GKUz Ki eySZ cviZ `yUv bvixi ga Zdvr,
Avi cvx wbevPb Zvi nVKvwiZvi K_v| wK mUv iex`bv_i Dcbvm Avi
FZzcYi Qwe, `yUv _KB Avjv`v nZv|
PvLi evwj Dcbvmi klUv, wekl Ki webvw`bx I wenvixi weq bv `evi
evcviUv m^, hv wbq AbK mgvjvPbvi So DVQ, `yBGK K_v bv ejj GB
AvjvPbv gb nq Am~Y _vKe| webvw`bx cm bxnviib ivq Zuvi iex`mvwnZi f~wgKv-q ejQb, Rxeb hvnvK ebv KwiqvQ wkx iex`bv_I ZvnvK
ebv Kwijb| GB evcviUv ^qs iex`bv_KI fvweqwQj| wmbgvi iZB Zuvi
GKwU ge `Lvbv nQ c`vq, PvLi evwj eievi AbwZKvj ci _KB Zvi
mgvwUv wbq Avwg gb gb AbyZvc Ki GmwQ, wb`vi viv Zvi cvqw nIqv
DwPr| 24 Ryb 1940| cwiPvjK c_gB GB eewU `kK`i `Lvjb, Zvi gvb
wZwb h G welq mRvM wQjb ay ZvB bq, Dwb GUvK iZc~Y gb KiQb ejB
Qwe ii wVK AvMB Zv `kK`i `Lvbv cqvRb gb KiQb| GLb ck njv
Dwb wbR GKRb bvixev`x Ges mvnmx cwiPvjK nIqv mI Kbv kl webvw`bx
Avi wenvixi weq w`Z cvijb bv, wekl Ki hLvb Qwe evbvZ wMq Dwb
DcbvmK e AbymiY Kib wbAbK ^vaxbZv wbqQb hLvb hgb cqvRb
gb KiQb| Gi evLv eva nq GB h FZzcY webvw`bxK GKRb ewZ bvix
wnmeB `LvZ PqQb| wZxqZ, Mi LuywUbvwU welq I msjvc hZB cwieZb
Kiv nvK bv Kbv Zvi klUvi Ggb cwieZb GKUz eva nq evovevwoB gb nZv,
iex`bv_i gZv mvwnwZKi Mi Zv eUB|
UKwbKvj welq Zgb wKQz ejvi bB| ay GBUzKz ejZ PvB h `k
cwieZbi Kvb msKZ ev BwZ bv _vKvi dj wKQz ZvrwYKfve evSv
k h cvkvcvwk Ryo `Iqv `ywU `k Avmj `ywU wfb RvqMvq (Ges meZ wKQz
mgqi eeavb) NUQ| dW, IqvBc, BZvw` wKQzUv mKj, hvwK I Kwg
cwZ ejB nqZv cwiPvjK eenvi Kib wb| `yBGKwU evK eenvi
KiQb| wK mevK wPi Zv ewk eenvi Kiv fvj `Lvq bv, Dwb Zv
KibI wb| Ab Kvb Dcvq Aej^b Kiv hZv wK bv mUv Avgvi gb nq PjwP
wbgvY wki m hviv mivmwi RwoZ ZvivB fvj ejZ cvieb|

kvkwZKx-157

AwgZvf bvM

PZzi welq cuvPwU K_v

bf^i 1915 _K deyqvwi 1916 Aewa meyRc cwKvq cici iex`bv_i h
Mjv cKvwkZ nq, cieZxKvj ZvB GK PZzi Dcbvm bvg meRbwew`Z|
GKB mvj cKvwkZ iex`bv_i Aci Dcbvm Ni evBii Zzjbvq AvwK PZziGi Awgj DjLhvM| Ni evBii ivRbwZK cvcU bviwUfi g~j KvVvgvK
my`p ivL| Zvi cwZ wbwLjk-wegjv ev m`xc-wegjvi gvbwmK Uvbvcvob
iex`bv_ Kvwnbxi AvjvK Zzj Avbb| dgi wePviI Ni evBi Dcbvmi
WvqjvMagxZv AbKUvB w_qUvixq| PZzi Dcbvmi PviwU AiB g~j K_K wK
kxwejvm| Zvi PvL w`qB Avgiv Pjgvb NUbvcevn cZ Kwi| ^vfvweKfveB dgi
wbwiL GB Dcbvm AbKUvB MZvbyMwZK| Lye ^ Avfvm ewZiK PZzi Dcbvmi
NUbvKvj Abyaveb Kiv Kmva| mycwiKwZfveB iex`bv_ GB Dcbvm bvix-cyil
wfyR cg `n wbgwZ I `nvi, GB welq _K wePzZ nbwb|
mygb gyLvcvavq cwiPvwjZ PZzi (2008)-G PjwPi wbR^ wbqg
Dcbvmi kxwejvmi ^K_b chewmZ nqQ `kKi mvgb NU hvIqv NUbvq| GB
^ cwimii jLvq `Lvi Pv Kie g~j cvuPwU welq fvjv-g`i PzjPiv
weklY bq, `yB mvi mwi cv_K|
K. RvVvgkvB ev
myKgz vi mb GK`v ge KiwQjb PZzi-Gi c_g A RvVvgkvB mePq
^m~Y| Dcbvmi m m PjwPI `Lv hvq GB AskwU RvVvgkvB Amvgvb
iZc~Y| Dwbk kZKi Muvovi w`K evsjvi wekl Ki, KjKvZvi ivRbwZK Ges
mvgvwRK Uvbvcvob I `vjvPji mvgvwRK wPvqb| begvbeZvev` (wWivwRI
BZvw`) Ges wecZxc AvPvime^ wn`y c_vi evovevwo, AkZv Qwei mgqKvj
icvwqZ nq| wekl Ki RvVvgkvB RMgvnbi cvvZ AvjvK cvwi wecixZ
kPxmi evev nwigvnbi A Cki-wekvm Ges kPxmi RvVvi cwZ ccvwZZ c_g
Ai g~j myiK Zzj ai| bc_i k hvRbvq Kuvmvi-Nvi Xvwbbv` Ges
RvVvgkvB-Gi eVvdb-meb PjwPxq cqvM hv Dcbvm AbycwZ| cwiPvjK
mygb Dcbvmi eewUK mwVK aiwQjb RMgvnbi bv-Ckiev` (bvwK
kwU Zuvi AcPwjZ) Ges kPxmiI mB aviYv Kvwnbxi cieZx euvK iPbvq
Amxg iZc~Y| Ze GKUv LUbv Zv mI _K hvq| iex`bv_-Gi DcbvmwUZI
RvVvgkvB GKwU wfb A wnmve _vKvi cqvRbxqZv wQj wK? c_K Kvwnbx wnmve
wjL ci Ryo `Iqv Zv wbQKB GKwU cqvM cYvjx| wK `Lvi welq mwU
DcbvmK mg Kij wKbv| PZzi g~jZt kPxm-`vwgbx-kxwejvmiB Kvwnbx|
RvVvgkvB AvLvb mLvb wKQyUv njI evj| KviY kPxmi Pwi icvqYi
KviYB RvVvgkvB-Gi cqvRbxqZv Avjv`v Ki bv| hfve iZ cvb bv jxjvb`
^vgxI| ZvI Dcbvmi jxjvb` ^vgxi Zzjbvq PjwPi jxjvb` ^vgx AbK RwUj
Pwi I Avjv`v fvebvi `vwe`vi m AvjvPbvq ci Avme| mygb iex`bv_K
kvkwZKx-158

fvZ Pvbwb| meZ PZzi wi nq hve m Avkvq RvVvgkvB Aavq

PjwPI we`gvb| Dcbvmi PqI PjwP GB AwU evwK wZbwU Ai Zzjbvq
KUUMZ w`K _K Am| kPxmi evKMvD, mgqi cwZQvqv, mgvRi eRAvuUzwbjv nqZ Abfve evwK Ajvi fZi w`q `Lvbvi PvB AbK ewk
PjwPxq nZ|
L. kPxm I `vwgbx
kPxm m^ kxwejvmi c_g ge kPxmK `wLj gb nq hb GKUv
RvwZ| Avi `vwgbxi cwZ kxwejvm `vwgbx hb kveYi gNi wfZiKvi
`vwgbx| evwni m cy cy heb c~Y; Ai Pj Avb wSKwgK Kwiqv DwVQ|
Dcbvm hnZz kxwejvm `kK Ges K_K mnZz Avgiv mvaviYfve kxwejvmKB
jLK cwZf~ fveZ cvwi| iex`bv_ GLvb GKUv gRvi Ljv LjQb| GKw`K
kxwejvmi gZv GKRb ivwWKvj hyeKi PvL `w w`qQb cvVKi, Avi wbRi
gbb-eyw-i fvi w`qQb kPxmi AvZvK| kPxm ZvB iex`bv_i wbRi gbi
`vjvPji icK cvvZev` _K fveev`, bv-Cki `kb _K ee fwim
wbgb kPxmK iex`bv_ QywUq ei KiQb gbi GK Mnxb KvY _K Ab
GK AKvi| gbi AveQv Abyf~wZ kPxm eySZ PqQ ic-Aici gaKvi
Aevb, Amxgi ga mxgvbv nvivbvi mZ| kPxmi Pwi cKZ A_B Avfvgq`ywZ-wKiY AvjvwKZ cyil| mdj Dcbvmi Pwi _K PjwP mv_K Pwivqb
Lye mnRmva bq| myeZ ` kPxmi Pwi Amvgvb Awfbq KiQb| Pnvivi
myKvgj `ywZi ewk Zuvi bB, Agb Avb Siv DcwwZI bB| wK `ywU Amvgvb
PvL Zuvi ZvwoZ, ^cvnZ, fvM`y| PjwPi `wnK Awfbq wekl Ki jxjvb`
^vgxi AvLovq kPxmicx myeZ Abe` Zuvi emvi fwgvq, Zuvi AvbZ PvLi
fvlvq, Zuvi ^icY| Abw`K, `vwgbxi cwZ Awfgvbi AwfewZ, `vwgbxi
_K gb Zzj bIqvi Pvi AvwiKZvq, kli Kvj Aici ebnxb gywi
Av^v` wZwb RvwZB| mvwnZ iex`bv_ AbKUvB Dn _KQb kPxmi gvbwmK
cwieZbi nZz welq| RvVvgkvBqi cvvZev` _K jxjvb` ^vgxi imi
AvLi fm hvIqv Ges kl iev` wbRi AvZvi Abymvb PjwPi gvagMZ
KwUwbDwUi `vwe gbB mygb gyLvcvavq-Gi kPxm AbK ewk cvj| bbxevjv I
RvVvgkvBqi gZzZ kPxmi cvvZ cfvei ik Kg| bbxevjv AvLvb
AbKUvB cwiPvjK ewZ Kib kPxmi gbi m~PK wbaviYi Rb| cieZxKvj,
jxjvb` ^vgxi GK wkli AvZnZv kPxmK fveimi wKbvivq wbq wMq
AvZgywi c_ `Lvq| kPxmK AbKUv gvbe Kivi AwfcvqB bbxevjv chvq
Avgiv `wL bbxevjvi Dby wcV `L ivZ kPxbi ^gnb `k|
iex`bv_i Dcbvmi eo cvIqv Zuvi bvix Pwi| `vwgbx Gi ewZg bq,
Ze Abfve `vwgbx ewZgB| nqZ PvwiwK `pZvq PvLi evwji webvw`bx
wKQyUv njI `vwgbxi mgchvq AvmZ cvi| Ze webvw`bx hLvb wbRi fvM
AbKB cyili nvZ mgcY KiQ, `vwgbx mLvb AbK GKivLv Zvi
hb I gbbi/ AvZvi gyw Zvi wbRi KvQB GB mZ, Zvi mwVK Rvbv wQj|

kvkwZKx-159

Zvgv`i Kvbv f-ev GK gZje GK e`ve Kwieb, Kvbv f-ev AviGK gZje Avi-GK e`ve Kwieb gvSLvb Avwg Zvgv`i `k-cuwPki Nuwy U?
kPxm I kxwejvm AevK njI Avgiv eyS hvB `vwgbx mvgvb bq| ci jxjvb` ^vgxi
wkli gZy i ciI m kPxmK wec` dj `q Zvi Zx, Abymwrmy wRvmvq
AvgvK eySvBqv `vI| Zvgiv w`bivZ hv jBqv AvQ ZvnvZ cw_exi Kx cqvRb?
Zvgiv KvK euvPvBZ cvwij? GB `ywU `pPZb Abyfw~ Z-RvZ msjvcB PjwP
eZgvb| kPxm-`vwgbxi Aii So PjwP my`ifve cwZdwjZ nqQ|
M. nv`k
Dcbvmi KvBgv GB nv-AvLvb| gbi PvivmvZ kPxm-`vwgbxi Dfqi B
Gici wgk Abyf~wZZ wKQyUv AZwKZ eBZ _vK| wbqgKvbybi eovq kPxm-`vwgbx
evuav _vK bv| kxwejvmK ga fiK` fvej `Lv hve h Avh iKgi mKi
D_vj cvZvj NU kPxm I `vwgbxi mKi wfZi| iex`bv_ Lye vUwj nv-AvLvb
kPxmi WvqwiZ wjwce Kib| cvq dqWxq wjweWvq nv-AvLvb GKUv wekl
Zvrch enb Ki| cKw Z I cyili wgjb nv Rbbicx wfyR| Abfve
fvej, kPxm-`vwgbx-kxwejvmi h wfyR Zvi gagwY cyil ^vgx jxjvb`| jxjvb`
^vgx ZvB nqZ exhiI cZxK| nvi weeiY Ges kPxmi Abyfw~ Z (Wvqwi)
iex`bv_i AbZg BivwUK mw| `vwgbx h ivZ mgwcZ nZ Gm cZvLvZ nq,
mB AvZwbe`bi cPvq `wnK fvjevmvB cvavb cvq| nZvkvRbK fve, PjwP
`kwUi cyivUvB eo mv`v-gvUv, Avav-AKvi nvi wPY| Dcbvmi myqvj
Ubkbi m m mvmc nvwiq hvq| ZvwK `kbi (wfyR=nv) m
cvvZ `kb (dqWxq wWg) Kbmvmbm ev gMPZb GB Dcbvmi KUUK
hvwcZ KiQ, hvi mUvi G GB nv-AvLvb| PjwP GB jwRKvj wicRUkb
KwVb, Z`ycwi, `yej wPbvU (GB Aski) `iY `kK wnme mKi RwUj wKQy Z
Kvgivq aiv coZ `Lv hvq bv|
N. jxjvb` ^vgx
Dcbvmi jxjvb` ^vgx AbyNUK| cvkP wi| Avgiv Kvbv mwVK KviY RvbZ cvwi
bv Kb kPxm Zuvi PiY wbew`Z| cieZxKvj GI evSv hvq bv mwVKfve, Kb
kPxm Zuvi Avkg ZvM Ki| PjwPi bviwUfK mvgmc~Y KiZ I mvejxj
Kivi AwfcvqB Avgiv eySZ cvwi h `vwgbxi wZivi Ges mB wkli gZz
kPxmi wekvm gvPbi nZz| hw`I wVK Kx NUbv ciivq m ^vgxRxi Avkg VuvB
Mvo Zv KLbvB cwivi bq| PjwP Kexi mygb AwfbxZ jxjvb` PwiwU GKwU
c_K, ewj Pwi wnmeB fv^i| m KviYB ck RvM, hw` RvVvgkvB
Dcbvmi GKwU c_K Pvvi nZ cvib, PjwP Ze jxjvb` bb Kb? wKQy
mgvjvPK Dcbvmi kPxm I jxjvb`-Gi mKi m ^vgx weeKvb`kxivgK`ei mv`k Luy R cvb| PjwP hw`I m AeKvk bB| kPxm fw M`M`, jxjvb` fveim AvK| wK `vwgbxi m mvvZi `kwjZ jxjvb`B
cili cZxK nq Avmb| kPxm `kZB wcwQq hvb, `vwgbx-jxjvb`-Gi
AwaKvii jovBq Kv_v _K GKUv Pvcv hb-elgi jovBqi wgj _K hvq|
kvkwZKx-160

m KviYB nv`k jxjvb` cyil, ZvwK-`kbi wfyRi (kPxm-`vwgbxkxwejvm) fiK` cKwZi m hy Db| nv`k kPxm-`vwgbxi Ae`wgZ
hbQvi K_vB aygv iwPZ nq bv c`vq, jxjvb`i DcwwZZ nvi ZvrchI
cv hvq| GB PvwiwK cwieZbi RbB Dcbvmi c_ hZ Zvgvi mv_ wgjb
nj w`bi kl, cv wMq PjwP gvwUi eyKi gvS e`x h Rj wgwjq
_vK GLvb cKwZB gv`vi AvwKUvBc, kwi ic| jxjvb`i wbqg, wmvK
A^xKvi Ki `vwgbx aygv cyilZvwK mgvRKB Pvj Rvbvq bv, GKB m
Zzj Avb weaev bvixi ^qs Pvjbvi AwaKvii ckI|
O. mxZ
PZzi PjwPwUi AbZg m` Zvi mxZ| B`vwbs iex`bv_i Kvwnbx Aej^b
ek wKQy PjwP j Kiv hvQ iex`mxZ eenvi Kivi Dk cwiPvjK
Kvwnbxi mgqmxgv cvvQb, A_ev, Kvbv Pwii iex`-cg bviwUf Zzj
AvbQb| mygb mme kVZvq hvbwb| wZwb `vwgbx Pwii wgDwRKvj BUviwjDW
wnme eenvi KiQb, Avgvi cvYi gvS myav AvQ PvI wK (hv `vwgbxi
Kvivi wgDwRKI eU), RvVvgkvBqi cvvZev`K mvgm w`Z weVvdb,
eemxZ/ KxZbmgM jxjvb` ^vgxi Avkg-Kw`K wmKvq| Avi GmeKB
ai iLQ i Ges kli evqbi `k hLvb Abe` mywd mxZ (wgj Mqv
in Kv Mo) ic _K Aici DbqbK wPwZ Ki| GQvov DjLhvM nv`k
jxjvb`i Mjvi KvBgv mRbKvix Mvb| mygbi PjwP cKZ A_B wgDwRKvj
Nivbvi Qwe nq IV Zvi kvwK evwZ|

cKvwkZ nQ AvdivRv Avjgi c_g AvZRewbK Dcbvm

dvbym| eBwU ei KiQ ^i cKvkbx| eBwUi PgrKvi
cQ` KiQb Zznxb nvmvb| eBwU mK cLvZ
K_vmvwnwZK nvmvb AvwRRyj nK ejQb, AvdivRv Avjgi
M` coZ fvjv jvM| GKUv AvUci fve AvQ Avi AvQ
GKUv fZi _K Uvb| welq hLb cwievii K_v, wbRi
wZ-Mi cvZvjv D hvIqv, cvq wbRi cyivbv Wvqwi Lyj covi gZ
ZLb fvjv Zv jvMeB| Zvi m hw` hvM nq Avgv`i gywhyi wKQy
AwfZvi eYbv| GBme KviY AvdivRvi jLv fvjv jvMjv| eBwUi g~j
ivLv nqQ 150 UvKv|

kvkwZKx-161

gn`x Avyjv n

evwjKvgj : my wZi e K_v

Qv G RxebUv KZv wewP K_viB bv Rb `q wbii| Nii K_v, cii K_v|
gvVi K_v, NvUi K_v| myLi K_v, `ytLi K_v| AviI Kv wKQz...! wKQz K_v
Ae _K hvq eyKi gvS| Avevi wKQz K_v e myi eR IV, Avgv`i w`q
hvq Abvw`Kvji `ytL wKsev myL-wZ| AveMx gvbyl eyK AvMwjq ivLZ cvibv
mewKQz| cKvk Ki ^v` A_ev we^v`| K_vq wKsev jLvq| ZvZB eywS kvw nq
gvbyli| ZvZB Rxei Ae Avi e K_vB M nq IV|
jLK gvmvK Avng`i evwjKvgj MMwUZ Zuvi wPvi, AvkvnZi,
NYvi I ^ci K_v ejQb| evwjKvgj MMwUi AwaKvsk M gnvb gywhyi
mgqi wKQz K_v cvIqv hvq| Mw UZ 11wU M AvQ| AwaKvsk Mi bvgi ga
ewP Ges my`i wPvi m~Zv j Kiv hvq|
WvK eai gnvKve MwUZ MKvi GKRb gywhvvi AmnvqZi K_v
ejQb| GKRb gywhvvi PvL w`q jLK `wLqQb cvwKvwb mbvKv Avi
^vaxb evsjv`ki wPwKrmvK`i ga Kv_vI Kvbv cv_K bB| KviY cvwKvwb
mbvKvi eeiZv Avi Avgv`i wPwKrmvK`i eeiZv cvq GKB wP c`kb
Ki| wPwKrmvK`i `iRv Rvbvjv hbv cvwKvwb Kvi cwZic, hLvb
GKRb gywhvvi x wPwKrmvi Rb gviv hvq Avi gywhyi mgq mbvKvi
wfZi AbK bvix cvwKvwb evwnbxi eeiZvi wkKvi nq| ^ci fZiKvi fq I
fimv M MKvi GKRb Amnvq grmRxexi eveZvi K_v ejQb| GB M
GKRb grmRxexi wbZKvi Avq gvQaiv Avi wew Kivi gaB mxgve|
fvMZvwoZ gvbyli `ytL, `y`k
vi K_v DV GmQ GB M| wec` KD Kviv bq
GB wbM~p Z cvB Avgiv GB Mi wfZi| evwjKvgj MwU Kvb nvivbv
evwjKvi myL-wZi M| eeQi AvM nvivbv ^c-evwjKvK GK gyn~Z `LZ
cvIqv hbv ^c-myLi mvb `q| GB M gq`i wnsmyU gbi m~ imi ^v`I
cvIqv hvq| evrmvqb PwiZK_v MwU Dvj hebi `yi K_vi M| GB M
GKRb cyili GKvwaK bvixi mv_ mg, Avevi Zv`i cwZ AveMx nIqvi welqwU
vb cqQ| GB Mi wPcU mxgveZx GjvKvq AewZ `jZw`qvi hbcwj|
Wvwjg Kzgvii bvggv Qvqv GB MwUZ jLK ^vaxb evsjv`k GKRb Wvwjg
KzgviK cZvkv Kib, whwb mvbvi KvwV-icvi KvwV eywjq ivRKbvi Nyg fvveb
A_vr Avgv`i AmPZb gvbyli Nyg fvveb| wK jLK nZvk KviY mB Wvwjg
Kzgvi Kv_vI bB, hviv AvQb Zviv hbv Zvi Qvqv gv| AM hvv M GKRb
FYM gvbyli eveZvi K_v dzU DVQ, h kl ch FYi `vq Zvi msmvi
QvoZ eva nq| Gw`K cvIbv`viiv em _vK cvIbv jvfi Avkvq| wK Kv`i
mB h nvwiq hvq Avi wdi Avm bv! cyuwRev`x mgvRi Gi Pq wbggwP Avi Kx
nZ cvi? gxiic muvB weivR Ki M evDj Zi ggK_v cvB Avgiv| GKRb
gvbyl Kxfve mg fvMwejvwmZvK cwinvi Ki gvbeag wbRK wbwe KiZ
cvi Zvi ic `Lv hvq GLvb| GKRb mvaKi mZK Kxfve Zvi x wbRi mZ
kvkwZKx-162

wnme gvb Zvi K_v cvIqv hvq| MwelqK wejvwmZv A_ev weg GB M
GKRb jvKi myMwi Ici `yejZvi wP dzU IV| wZwb hgwb AvZii M
bIqvi ci Gi fvjg` eySZ cvib, Zgwb wZwb AvZii M w`q GKRb
ivRvKviK wPwZ KiZ cvib| KviY AvZi gvLvbv ivRvKvi`i kixi _K mB
M GLbv hvqwb| Avjv AKvi welqK evjwkv MwU GKRb e-evi `ytLi
KvwnbxK Avkq Ki jLv| e nvivbv xK ^c cvIqvi Rb PvL KvUvb| wK
mB PvL wZwb Zvi xK wZZ wdi cvb bv| ZLb hbv gb nq AKvi RMZB
fvjv wQj| wPjZvWyqv M gvbyli Lvivc Afvmi K_v ejv nqQ| jLK wPj
ejZ gbi wfZii eei wPK eywSqQb| hUvK bv Zvovj gvbyl gvbyl nq IV
bv| is-Rjv Rxebi mv`vKvjv weeiY M jLK `wLqQb GKRb gvbyli
AvkvnZ nIqvq wP| h ^c wbq Rxebi i mB ^c wKfve Kej ^cB _K
hvq Zvi K_v ejv nqQ| `Lvbv nqQ wbRi mvb Kxfve ^vaxbZvweivax`i
mv_ nvZ gjvq|
kl ejv hvq, evwjKvgj MwUZ jLKi Mfxi wPvi cwZdjb NUQ|
AwaKvsk M MKvi k Pqbi Lye mveavbZv Aej^b KiQb Ges
mvejxjZvi w`K bRi w`qQb| jLKi MK_bi ga GKUv MwZ j Kiv
hvq| Kvgbv Kwi jLK GfveB mvejxj k eybb cKvk Ki hveb, Rxebi Mfxi
_K MfxiZi Abyf~wZjvK| eBwU cKvk KiQ ekvLx cKvk| g~j ivLv
nqQ 80 UvKv| cKvkKvj 21k eBgjv 2011|

gwkDi ingvb

RvQbvq cyowQj hviv : q hvIqv ^ci AvLvb

DcbvmI AvaywbK M` mvwnZi GK Rbwcq kvLv| ewRxeb _K i Ki mvgwK
Rxeb dzU DV GB Dcbvm| gvbe Rxeb mwKZ bvbv w`K Dcbvm Avm| GKRb
gvbyl nq DVvi wcQb hme Dcv`vb (hgb : cwievi, mgvR, iv I wek) KvR Ki
Pj mewKQz _vK Dcbvm| GB KviY eZgvb mePq Rbwcq mvwnZ gvag nQ
Dcbvm| Dcbvm ewRxebi cg-wein, nvwm-Kvbv, myL-`ytL, PvIqv-cvIqv, Zvi
gvbweKZv, agxq g~jeva, AvwKZv-bvwKZv, mgvRi bvbvgyLx cfve, ivhi me
w`K DV Avm; Ggb wKQz ev` _vK bv hv Dcbvm hvIqvi AhvM|
Dcbvm RMZ gynv` gn`x nvmvb GKevi bZzb| RvQbvq cyowQj hviv
gynv` gn`x nvmvbi c_g Dcbvm| Dcbvm wnme GUv KZUv mv_K ev mv_K
bv Zvi wePvi Kieb evv cvVK ev Gi mgvjvPK| f~wgKvq gynv` gn`x nvmvb
GB Dcbvm jLvi `vqfvi ^xKvi Ki wbqQb| Avgiv GB Dcbvmi f~wgKvq
`wL, Avwg GKwU RxebK AwZevwnZ nZ `LwQ| Avi `kUv Rxebi Pq mvgvb
ewZg wQj h RxebwU| Lye KvQ _K `LwQ| `ywbqvi mewKQyZ hvi Ave`vi wQj| ci
Zvi cwZ AwfhvM wQj mevi| ZvK hviv fvjvemwQj ev NYv KiwQj, Zv`i Kviv
ZvwQj _KB iv cvqwb m| m mKj wbq KLbI AwfhvM KiZI wbwb ZvK| ...h

kvkwZKx-163

hviv ZvK mB RxebUv w`qwQj Ges ZvK...mKjK abev` RvbvB| Zviv AwZevwnZ bv
Kij Avgvi jLv nq DVZv bv| my`i fvjv _vK| fvjv _vK fvjvjvMv|

GfveB `vqeZv ^xKvi Ki bb jLK| Ggb GKwU Rxeb wZwb Lye KvQ _K
`LwQjb h RxebUv Lye ewk AvK KiwQj jLKK| Avi jLK Kgb
ewZgx ewZi mv_ cwiwPZ nqwQjb Zv Avgiv Dcbvmi wfZi cek Kij
AiY Pwii ga cvB| AiY eZgvb mgqi gvbyl| b mgqi AveMx gvbyl|
Kbvi gvbyl| ^c `LZ fvjvevm| hvK fvjvevm cvYi Pq ewk fvjevm|
Zvi ga hgb wekvm AvQ, cg AvQ, fvjvevmv AvQ, AvQ DcKvix GKUv gb|
h wbRi nvRvi ZvM ^xKvi Ki Ab`i mevq memgq wbRK e iLQ|
BKevj nvmvBb Payixi Am~Y cwievi m~Y Ki w`Q AiY| h wbRi cwgKv
wigwSgK cvQ bv, wK H mgq m GKwU Am~Y cwieviK m~Y KiQ, Avi
BKevj nvmvBb Payixi cwievii GKwU inm Dvi Ki w`Q, Dcbvmi kl
mB inm Dvii DcwwZ cvB|
Puv`i mB DcZKvq mLvb ^c q hvIqv mgq ai ivLv AvQ| GB h
AiYi PvL `Lv mB me gvbyli ^c q huviv euvu PZ Pvq, euvPvi gZ Ki euvPZ
Pvq| AviI KZ gvbyli ^c q hvQ cwZwbqZ Avgiv Zvi KZUviB ev Lei
ivwL| KZUvi ev mge`bv RvbvB Avgiv mB me gvbyli `ytL| hviv Rxeb msMvg
cwZwbqZ jvwZ nq fvMi KvQ, mgvRi KvQ| hv`i wekvm, fvjvjvMv,
fvjvevmv Lye mnR fO hvq; nq AveMi AcgZ| AvRb& jvwjZ ^c GK wbwgl
KZ mnR f hvq, Zvi cKvk Avgiv gynv` gn`x nvmvbi RvQbvq cyowQj
hviv Dcbvm `LZ cvB|
RvQbvq cyowQj hviv Dcbvmi K`xq Pwi AiY| fvMvnZ AiY| BQ
AvQ, AvQ my`i Kbv, wK fvM Zv AbK `~i| Ggb GK fvMvnZ AiYK cvB
Dcbvmi iZ| Dcbvmi klI Avgiv ^c q hvIqv fvMvnZ AiYK
`LZ cvB| h AiY wigwSgK Lye ewk fvjemwQj| wigwSg GB Dcbvmi
bvwqKv Pwi| Dcbvmi kl ch Avgiv `LZ cvB, AiY h wigwSgK Lye ewk
fvjemwQj, m wigwSg AvR WjvicwZ ^vgx MnY KiQ| wbt^, Amnvq, AwZnxb
AiY I Zvi fvjevmv Zvi KvQ Kvb g~j ivL wb| ZvB ej Avgiv wigwSgK
`vlvivc KiZ cvwi bv, KviY Avgv`i mgvR eevUvB Ggb nq MQ| h wbt^,
Amnvq, AwZnxb Zvi AwZ Lye mnR b nq hvq| gZz NU Zvi AveMi,
wekvmi, ^ci, fvjevmvi| gZ NU AvRb jvwjZ ^ci evmii| KZ mnR Avgiv
wigwSgi gZ Avgv`i fvjevmvK fyj hvB, fyj hvB fvjevmvi gvbylK `Iqv
K_vi| gZz NU GKwU mKi| GKwU wekvmi| GKwU myL mgqi| Ni wdiZ
BQ KiQ bv, NiZv mUvB hLvb KD divi Acv Ki| Rxeb Gic KZ
weQ`, KZ gZz AvQ, wdwiqv dj Kx? cw_exZ K Kvi? Gi Pq mnR A_P mZ
K_v AvRKi cywu Rev`x mgvR Avi Kx nZ cvi| G h ay RvQbvq cyowQj hviv
Dcbvmi AiYi K_v bq| GB K_v KZ AiYi hv`i Ni emvi AvM Ni fO
hvq| ^c c~YZv cvIqvi AvMB Ac~Y iq hvq| GB K_v mB AwZnxb`i hviv Aw
Z Lyu R wbRi, AwZ Lyu R KvDK wbq AwZi RvqMv Zwi Kivi Rb|
kvkwZKx-164

Avgiv hLb AvNvZ cvB ZLb cfiy KvQ AvZbv` RvbvB| wK hLb ^qs cfy, A_ev hvK
Avgiv mxgvnxb fvjevwm ev kv Kwi, ^qs m hLb AvNvZ `q, ZLb Kvi KvQB ev
AbyhvM Rvbvbvi _vK?

wZZygxi Flf

wav : ^i cwicyZ Rxebi kvejx

ZLb mB fvMvnZ`i Avi AwZ Kv_vq Mo DV mUv ckB _K hvq! hv NUQ

GB Dcbvmi AiYi Kcvj| GB Dcbvm K`xq `ywU Pwi AiY I wigwSg
Qvov AviI wKQz Pwii mvvr cvB| hgb, BKevj nvmvBb Payix, Rvnvbviv, c`,
ikx` wgqv, ikx` wgqvi x, BKevj nvmvBb Payixi nvivbv wZxq x, nvivbv gq
Ges Zvi GKwU Qj mvb| G`i wbq Dcbvm Zvi Avcb Kc_ GwMq PjQ|
wK G`i Rxeb hYvq, cvwievwiK Rxeb RwUjZvq mePq h PwiwU mvnvhi
nvZ evievi evwoq w`qQ m nj AiY| h wbRi Rxeb hYv `~i KiZ cvi wb|
m BKevj nvmvBb mK Lvjyi Am~Y cwieviK m~Y KiQ| BKevj nvmvBb
Payixi cvwievwiK RwUj inm Avgiv AiYi nvZ ai Aegy nZ `wL| Gfve
GB Dcbvmi Kvwnbx GwMq MQ|
gynv` gn`x nvmvb Zuvi c_g Dcbvm RvQbvq cyowQj hviv AiY Rxebi
Qwe AvuKZ wMq Avgv`i eZgvb mgqi GKwU PvjwPi mv_ cwiPq NwUq `b|
GB Dcbvmi cU iPbvq ev wfw iPbvq jLK AbKUv mv_K Zv wbtm`n ejv
hvq| GB Dcbvm cvV cvVK GK bZzb ^v` cve| bi GB hyM gvbeRxeb, Zvi
cg, wekvm, fvjevmv, cvwievwiK eb, Kvb chvq wMq cuQQ Zuvi GKwU ^v`
cvIqv hvq GB Dcbvm| AwZ msKUi GB hyM Avgiv AwZ ivq wbii h
cwikg Ki PjwQ ZviI cwZQwe cvB GB Dcbvm| fvlvYi wKQz wU _vKv
mI DcbvmwU AbK mv_K nIqvi ghv`v ivL| jLK GB Dcbvm
GKKUv Pwi iPbvq h hZi cwiPq w`qQb, Zv AbKUv ckvsmvi hvM|
Dcbvmi GKwU ghv`vi RvqMv nq `uvwoqQ AiY PwiwU| GB Pwi weklY
KiZ Mj Avgiv hvwK mgqi hvwK, Avkvev`x, wekvmx, DcKvix, RwUj Rxeb
hYvq Ave gvbyli mvvr cvB| hviv wbii cwikg Ki hvQ GKUz fvj _vKvi
Rb, euP _vKvi gZ euP _vKvi Rb| gvbePwii RwUj w`K weklY jLK
AbKUv mv_KZvi cwiPq w`qQb| GKRb AvaywbK gvbyl h aibi Rxeb
AwZevwnZ Ki, Zvi c~Y Qwe Avgiv GB Dcbvm `LZ cvB| AvRKi gvbyli
PvIqv-cvIqv, myL-`yL, cg-fvjevmv, Rxeb hYv, RwUj ewZ, cvwievwiK
RwUjZv, mvgvwRK Aev, cvKwZK eYbv me wKQz PgrKvi eYbvq jLK Avgv`i
mvgb Zvi c_g Dcbvm Zzj aivi Pv KiQb|
RvQbvq cyowQj hviv gynv` gn`x nvmvb Gi c_g Dcbvm njI Gi
AmvaviY fvlvY, gvbe Pwii inm mvb, eZgvb cvcUi eYbvY GB
DcbvmK GKwU Avjv`v ghv`vq `uvo Kive| mB mv_ gynv` gn`x nvmvb Zuvi
GB Dcbvmi ga w`q cvVKwcqZv cveb, Ges cvVK`i gvS Zuvi GKUv ^Z
RvqMv Zwi ne GB cZvkv|

gbi AbK AZZvK m wbq Rxebi c_ PjZ nq| Ave nZ nq wewfb

mKi RvjI| h Rvji ic, Aeqe Ges Awfewi Abe` AvnwiZ Auvavi nq
AvQ QvUM| gyLi Rxebi myDP wkLi eq h eva I wekvmi wefvweZ Avkq
Zwi nqQ Avgv`i gbb, ZvZ Rxeb-wki kwK-cKhZv, Dcjw I
AvaywbK evgqZvi eyrcw Mvn Kivi Rb Avgv`i AbKUv c_ cvwo w`Z ne|
mgvR msmvii cwiQb Ges eyw`x `vqeZvi Zvobvq ZvwoZ mgqi KvQ `xwZ
nevi mgq GLb GmQ| cjwjqZ wKsev AaybvKvji cv cwgZ Uvi Mvmmn
mKj K_vKvi mgvR Rxebi Rxeb ebvi wkwZ ic Ab KiQb| GQvov
cjxei mgvR webvm I mvc`vwqK PZbv mgvRK h Avwc eua iLwQj
Zv kirP`, ewgP`, iex`bv_ eYbvi AbywgK avivq `viYfve dzwUq ZzjQb
mRbkxj QvUMi mvnvh| AvaywbKZv I DivaywbKZvi wg_wqvq mgvRi eve
ic I Rxebi kvkZ ^fveKB mvwiZ KiQb wavi jLKq Zv`i Mi
fZi w`q| gvRvd&di nvmb I ivZzj cvj wgZK_b fwZ Kvwnwbi wbg` `kb
cKvk KiQb QvUM msKjb wavi ga w`q| ZiY eqmi jLv Mjvi
ga wgZK_bi cfve _vKjI welqi eY efe jLvjv hiKgi cej
myivmwi `vwe ivL Zv Kvbv AskB cw_Zhkv jLK`i Pq Kg bv|
Zi_i w`bk mviw_ `yRb MKvii gjvUe hyMj cKvk, cKvk avivq
GbQ GK AvaywbK AbbciZv| dgvi fuvR fuvR DV GmQ wewP NUbvi eYbv,
hv Mreuvav avivi evBi GKevi `vMivwR fwgvq| jLKq wav bvgK G
MM cZK gvU bqwU Ki M mshy KiQb| hvi ewki fvM MB wewfb
^bvgab cwKvq cKvwkZ, Zvi ga fviZwewPv, cvY, bZzb`k, meyR AY,
g`, kvkwZKx, ewj UvBgm, agwb weklfve DjLhvM| gnicyi Rjvi
kvwjKvi jLK gvRvddi nvmb I evMinvU Rjvi dwKinvUi jLK ivZzj
cvj, Zviv `yRbB ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq _K BsiwR fvlv I mvwnZ DP wWMx
ARb KiQb| GKB e Awafy jLKqi covkvbvi gvag BsiwR njI
wbweKvi wPi Pj gvn, evsjv fvlvK DQwmZ fvjvevmvi ZviY euaQb
AKwgfve| ZvBZv hgwbfve bxnviib ivqi M mgvRi mZ Av`vcv
dzU DV ZgwbfveB wavi ga DwjwLZ w`Kjv dzU DVQ|
jLK `yRbi GKRb eveZvK cvavb w`qQb Avi AbRb cvavb w`qQb
fveveMK| MKvi gvRvd&di hgb eveZvi avi Nul Zvi MjvK wbgvY
KiQb, Abw`K MKvi ivZzj cvj fveveMK iZ w`q wbcyY `Zvq Mu_Qb
Mi `qvj|
Gevi Avmv hvK M c_gfvM iqQ gvRvd&di nvmb-Gi M| c_g M
Rbw`bi Dcnvi, 1952 mvji cUf~wgZ jLv| K`xq Pwi iqQ evev me`vi
mvne I gq m~wP| evev gqK fvlv Av`vjbi cvcU mK cwiwPZ Ki
Zvjb| gq m~wPK yj fwZ KivZ hvevi mgq ivvi euvK GKwU wgwQj Zv`i

kvkwZKx-165

kvkwZKx-166

AwZg Ki hvq| wgwQj mevi gyL vMvb : wRbvi NvlYv, gvwb-bv, gvbev bv|
D`yK ivfvlv, gvwb bv, gvbev bv| G vMvb b KZ~njx m~wP evevi Kvb Kvb
ej Giv Lye `yz gvbyl ZvB bv evev? bv gv, Giv LyeB fvjv gvbyl- me`vi
mvne Di ejb| cvwKvwbiv Rvi Ki evOvwji Ici h Zv`i D`y fvlv Pvwcq
`Iqvi Pv Pvjvq mB eYbv GmQ G M| gv mwjbv AvviI G M iZc~Y
f~wgKv ivLb| me`vi mvne 21-k deqvwi gqi Rbw`bi Dcnvi wKbZ hvb|
mB hvIqvB kl hvIqv, wZwb Avi dib wb| Rbw`b cw_exi mePq g~jevb
Dcnvi evsjv cq m~wP AveM AvcyZ| MwU K L M wZbwU ce jLv| Ze Zv M
ce Gm nVvrB Zvovov Ki kl Kiv nqQ| MwU AviI eYbvagx I msjvcagx
nZ cviZv|
cieZx M nvqvZ, G M GKwU AvZbvgv jvkK wbq| gwR` wgqvevwoi
fZ Avi ivRv ivLvj| wgqvevwoi ivLvj nevi ^c `L cvkeZx Mvgi ivLvjiv|
wgqvevwoi eo Qj wek eQi ci wejZ _K evwo wdiQ ZvB evwoZ Drmei
AvgR| G Drmei fZi AvZbvgv jvki `vdb eev Pj| ivZ jWyweZ
wgqvevwoi mB wejZ diZ Qji mwjj giY nq| mB jvkiB `vdb nq Drmei
fZi mevi ARv| `viY UvwRK Dcvcb j Kiv hvq GB M|
gvRvd&di nvmb Mi kwebvm my`i cvi`wkZv `wLqQb| cwZwU
MB mnR mij evKi evmb Abvqvm cwVZ nq hvq| mvejxj K_vi myPvi
KvwiMi gvRvd&di nvmb Zvi ZZxq M gmwR`-G `wLqQb mvaviY gvbyli
ga agxq Kzmsvi Avi agi bvg fvwgi ewntcKvk| mq` IqvjxDjvni
jvjmvjy Mi f cxi gwR`i K_v iY Avm G M coj| G MiI cavb
Pwi gwR`| Ze G gwR` f-jU bq| G gwR` msmvi me nvwiq AbKUv
Amnvq nq coQ| Ni wKkvix gqK wbq euvPvi ^c `L| wK ZvK myL
ivLvi bvg wKkvix gqK weqi cve `q gmwR`i Ryi| gyLvkavwi gvbyli
gyLvk Lye `pfve DbvwPZ nqQ G M| gmwR`K K` Ki eemv Avi
Amnvq gvbyl`i agi `vnvq w`q wec_ wbq hvIqv GB Mi g~j DcRxe|
MKvi m wP my`ifveB GuKQb|
PZz_ Mi wkivbvg mfZvi M| GB M AvwQqvi gqwj `ywvi cKvk
NUQ| bMiRxeb cvkvKKgx`i Rxebhvcb, Kxfve EaZb KgKZv`i jvjmvi
wkKvi nq kgRxex bvixiv mwUB weeZ nqQ GLvb| MvgUm gvwjK kgmi-Gi
cZviYv Avi ^ Avqi bvix`i Rxebi cwZQwe dzU DVQ GB M| AvwQqv

bv| Ze AbK eo GKUv ck Zwi nq| kli fve c~Yvfve cKvk cvq bv|
QvUM wnme `viY iZ enb Ki MwU| cg M Rxeb hLvb hgb| G
M cKwZi AuvUmuvU ewfRv ic eYbv Kiv nqQ| AZxZPvix nq jLK gvqi
cm wbq GmQb| gv Mvb RvbZb bv, msmvii mvZKvnb mvgjvZ wMq Mvb
MvIqvi dzmiZ nqwb Zuvi| Pj Ubi fZi nKvi`i wqvKjvci K_v Lye

my`ifve ejv nqQ| gvbyli hw` `w bv _vKZv Zvnj ei Ave`b AbKLvwb

Kg hZv Ggb `vkwbK Dwi mv_ mv_ GB M GmQ Pvjm jv^-Gi K_v,
GmQ be`wZ wKsev gwK fvjvevmvi K_v| Cfvb CwjPi cm MwUK AbK
ewk iMxi Ki ZzjQ| MwUZ fviZi mwjwewU jLK PZb fMZ-Gi
fvegq Quvqv wKQyUv AvQ| w_ wgmUKm Ae gvB jvBd LvZ jLKi jLbxmv G
MKvii ga AvQ G K_v wbwavq ejv hvq| l M wUUgU AmvaviY gReyZ
MVbcYvwjZ Mo IVv GKwU AvLvb| cKvki ewj mvnm Avi Awf jLbxi
cyZv bv Gj G aibi jLv mdjZv cvq bv| MvgmgvRi cPwjZ fvlvq
Dcvcbi fwgv c_gUvq cvVKK PgK `q Avevi AvKI Ki, hgb Qqgb
evbyK gnjv Qvov Kivi mvZw`b nZ bv nZB Di w`Ki kl NiwUZ c_g K
hb ejj mdjv ekv| Avwg wbRKvb b Gjvg| G M AvwjK ki MVb
AZ gReyZ hgb GB, wbR`i Mvq Kv`v QvovQywo e Ki Zviv| AvM
gvwMi mvUvq Avb w`B, Zvici Zviv hZv BQ wLw Kwim| mg M m~Y
Am~Y M-G weqi AvM gq`i Ave`vi-Ave`bi K_v I msmvii AbyhvM
cKvk cqQ| P`v weqi ciI mB GKNqgx Rxeb KvUvQ| Nvi ci Nv
GKUv MvQ `L KU hvQ Zvi Rxeb| e eqm GmI Zvi Rxebi Kvbv
cwieZb NUwb|
Ag M gZz gZz Ljv I GKwU M| Avwmd I bvRgvi msjvc w`q m~Pbv G
Mi| cyRxebi KvQ bvRgv AvZmgcY bv Kivi e_ Pv Ki| Avwmd Zv
cwZnZ Ki| bvRgv, Zzwg G Pvi `qvjK hZ mnR gb wbZ cviv, Avwg ZZ
mnR cvwi bv| cwZwbqZ agi bvg NU hvQ AmsL Awbqg| Ggb ewb ePb
MK cwicyZvi w`K GwMq wbq MQ| beg M Do hvq mv`v kKzb, G M
ek wKQy msZ
k GmQ, gv-Qji K_vcK_b GmQ| wbRK Amy mv ej
`wLqQb jLK| AbK fvB-evbi ga Kgb wjq Avm welqi eYbv|
wegvb em `k divi AvM evjKvji wZPviY Ki ^cb| gvi K_v iY
wbq K Akwm nq DV ^cbi PvL|
wZxq fvMi Mjv ivZyj cvji jLv| MKvi c_gB RvMiY bvgi
MwU wbq nvwRi nqQb| MUvq MKvi `v`yi gvag GKUv AmvaviY m`k
(gmR) `b, Zv njv RvMiYi cwZ wekvm| gvbyl cv_i nZ cvij, cv_i
gvbyl nZ cvie bv Kb? Ggb ckI DV GmQ GB M| AZxZ kvbv Mi
wZPviYi ga w`q Kvwnbxi i| hyKvjxb `ki K_v, g~wZi K_v I gywi
K_v GmQ GLvb| cv_ii g~wZI AZvPvix I AbvqKvix`i webvk KiZ
cvi, mwUB ivZzj cvj `Zvi mv_ `wLqQb GB M| MwUi mv_
cvwURgi AbK wgj LyuR cvIqv hvq|
wZxq M e_vnxb| bc_ Aven e-gvbei K_v GLvb cKvk Kiv
nqQ| Avgvi wcZv ejb wek Avgiv mevB GKv, GKvB jo hZ nq
wPiw`b| ei mv_ wKkvii K_vcK_b `Lvbv nqQ G M| wKkvii
hYvi KvQ e-gvbei hYv LvUv nq hvq| eve RMr _K bq jLK Zvi
Kbv RMZ _K wbgvY KiQb G M| `q bv _vKj Zzwg Avi gvbyl _vKe

kvkwZKx-167

kvkwZKx-168

_vK ivavi PwKi Zj| iZvi Qj `yBUv GB h i Kijv mvivivZ Pje I`i Kvbv!
iZvi Kbv eyK gyL jvwMq Kuv`Z _vK evPv `yUv, Avi iZv ANvi Nygvq| AvwQqv wbRi
eyK nvZ w`q Abyfe Ki GLbv Kvqwb m| Mi kl GiKg evPwbK kwjZv _vK

bvZvB gvbyli cwZ `qevb nIqvi Avnvb iLQb MKvi| ZZxq M

Avwevi, wbR AwZi ck Avv GK Avw`g ZiYi M GwU| kKoi KvQ
wdi hvevi Abe` cqvm `Lvbv nqQ G M| PZy_ M GK kni GKw`b
Avwg, jLKi ki Rxeb emevm Kivi AvZeYbv `qv nqQ GLvb| Ze
wiv PvjKi msjvci gvag bv nq jLKi AvZmsjvc I AvZDcjwi
eYbvi gvag MwU AMmi nj Aviv cvYe nZv| jLKi Pjvi c_i eYbv
cvVKK Lye ewk AvK KiZ cviwb|
cg M gnvgwZ `^j, `^j kwUi AvwfavwbK A_ `B cvZvbvi Rb eenvh
Ask| msZ k `a _K GwU GmQ| MwUK AbKUvB Ab~w`Z Kvbv Kvwnwbi
gZv jMQ| G M Mvb-jLKK gZz` `q `vmywZ hv`yKi| Kweqvj nq hvq
ivR`vnx| l M wbivcv, G M ivnvZ mvne UvKvfwZ wedKm wbq h wav
fyMQb ZviB cKvk cvq| Pjgvb Rxeb gvbyl gvbylK hgb wekvm Ki Avevi
Awekvmi `qvjI Zwi nq gvSLvb| evwoi MU Lvjv iL ivnvZ mvne m wavi
myivnv LyuRZ PqQb| mg M enr mgxc z`| AvKvi AYyM| GLvb jLK
wbRi evgbZK wbq ck iLQb A`kicx gvqi KvQ| mwKyji mvi KvQ ck
iLQb fvjv mw hgb mw, AbvmwI wK mw bv! mwi nvZ Abvmwi webvk
nZv! Ggb K_vi mvnvivq euU gvbyli AmnvqZi Kbv dzU DVQ G M| Ag
M Kwe I ivRKb| jLKi Ab Mjv n^ I msw| wK G MwUi eYbvkwj
`xwmb I m~ Kvi bc~Y ficyi| Mi evKfw Zxe kvwYZ| Ges eywi `xw
Ges GwcMvgi my eYbvfw cvVKK Pz^Ki bvq AvK Ki| Kwe I ivRKbvi
gaKvi msjvc AmvaviYfve DcvwcZ nqQ G M| GK M bv ej Kve
ejjI Gi we`ygv Aeg~jvqb ne bv| ivZzj cvji jLvi gybwkqvbv G Mi ga
w`q cKZic ewiq GmQ| ivRKbv GK GK mevBK civwRZ KiZ cvijI
KweK civwRZ KiZ cviwb| Avewagx G MwUi k-cKiYmv cvVKK gy
Kie| beg M btk| G M Rxeb`kb gv GKwU evK DV GmQ| mwU
njv Avi ayi fvB, AZv myK `y fvebi mgq bvB| euvPvi `iKvi euvwP, GB Mvw
Vvjbi `iKvi Vwj| MwZ-wwZ, k-btk, KVviZv-AbyKv meB my`ifve
mshvwRZ nqQ G M| Ges mvRvbv avivgI G MwUi Aevb mwVK nqQ|
Mi h Y Avgv`i Zxefve AvKlY Ki Zv nQ AwbwnZ fvei Amvgvb
kwKZ| ip I `qnxb hvwKZvi AvNvZ eZgvb gvbyl wkKvi KiQ gvbylK
wea nQ Rxebi kvw-cg-m`h| ZviY`x jLvjv QvUMi gvb`i
wePvi wVK KZvLvwb DrKm w`K _K `Lv nj ejZB ne h ek KqKwU
M cvVKK wbtm`n gvngy Kie| Avi QvcvLvbvi f~Z G cKvkbvi Lye ewk
avi KvQ AvmZ cviwb| Ze KqK eQi AvM Mjv jLv ejB nqZv cwgZ
evbvbi wKQy wbqg cqvMi Afve iq MQ| Alv cKvkbx _K cKvwkZ Pvi
iOv AvaywbK Kfvi KvWW (Pvi wcUyi) cQ` AuvUv MwUi g~j ivLv nqQ 120
UvKv| cKvkKvj, deyq vwi : 2011|

kvkwZKx-169

Zwn` Bgvg

AwbevY B`awb : ^chYv A_ev ewi btk

AwbevY B`awb Avmv`yvgvb LvKbi PZz_ KveM; Gi AvM ewiqQ AZj
Rji wSbyK(2005), Rgv ivwL Rbvi(2008) Ges `iRv Lvjv gN(2009)
Aci KveM wZbwU| Kwe Avmv`yvgvb LvKb KweZvPPv KiQb wefvMxq kni
ivRkvnxZ em, me iKgi n-jvo, Awekvm I A^xKvii Pig fvwgi evBi
GKv wbRbZvq Zuvi wbtk Kvewenvi| Kvbv Ame cZvkv bq, Kwe Zuvi mnR
^cjv `Lb, ^c fO Mj welY nb Ges msmvihvcb Kib GB kni emB|
mePq myLx I kv bMix ej ivRkvnx myLvZ (A_ev KzLvZ); Kwe Avmv`yvgvb
LvKbi KweZvgvjv GB kvnwiK mvgim wm, wm| AwbevY B`awbi c_g
KweZv exRi cvVvbvPb
RjZii gZv GB gvZvj ivw Avi/ AwMcwZg GB AwbevY B`awb/ AvgvK `qwb
G kmf~wg Qo hvevi ^vaxbZv:/ ewi wP Quy q Avwg ZvB GLvbB fm hvB...

G kmf~wg wK Zuvi wbRi kni, hv Zuvi Kvei Dei ? Kwe`i gyZveva

weqKi, AvKvke isaby `L hgb Zuviv gy nb, Nvmi Ici GKwe`y UjUj
wkwki `LI Zuv`i gyZv Acvi| m`hgvB m~, j
~ m`h ej wKQy bB|
Avi G m~ m`hB Kwe`i KvZi Ki| mgy`, AvKvk, Avjv, AKvi...GBme
KweZv _K gNi gZv gy evjKi `w w`q Kvb evwjKvi w`K ZvKvj Zvi
Kvbfvm Kx iO wdwiq `e my`ii nvZ? GB fvebv wbq GKw`b mgy` hvIqv hZ
cvi| cvwVq wgmKj wkwkifRv meyR iv`i, `Lv hZ cvi Zvi AZj Mfxi KvK m
iLQ aiAvKvk, bvwK Ab AvKzwZGK gy evjKi?

AvQ cg, ^cg qZv, k~bZv A_ev btmeva, inmwcqZv, RxebZv, mvsMxwZK
g~Qbv, bB weinKvZiZv, hbZv, wbwl Awfjvl wKsev Rxeb wbq Ryqv Ljvi
`ytmvnm| AwbevY B`awb _K KQ cO&w
AiYRyo Gevi hw` wknwiZ bv nq KixNvY,/ Avi hZ ievnx Ae Rji AviwZ,/
BUPvcv Nvmi M Ze GKv GKv cyo hve/ wbtm ei Mvb...(hZ Ae AviwZ)
gvVgq Qovbv ivyi|/ Qvqv hvK ewj; nvZ evovZB/ WvbvZw`bi mq `wL `Z
mviYkxj/ gkt k~bi w`K...(ZvmgM)
bvgZ bvgZ GB wbgMZvi wmuwo/ Avgv`i mv_ Aviv Kx Mfxi hve?/ hZUv Mfxi
Mj/ gq nZ nZ GKw`b me gvwU QvB.../ Nywgq covi AvM Gmv/ wbweo GB
ivwK Aviv ewk LbbhvM Ki hvB| (LwbR)

hb ievU di `yjvBbAnd miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before

I sleep; Avmv`yvgvb LvKb ^fveMZfve btkPvix, wbii btkLbb Zwi
Kib KweZvi exRZjv| kv, wbic`e Rxebi cwZB Zuvi hZ ccvZ| i`,
gN, Rvrmv, Avjv-AKvi MnZvMx wmv_i gZv weevMx Ki ZuvK c_ c_
Nyivqbv, GB Mn GB mbvmi cyjvgxq `v`yjgvbZvqI wZwb fvMbbv, Ni I
^Rbi AgvN Uvb AvUK MQb MnxPnwZB| GB nvgwmKbm Avmv`yvgvb
LvKbi KweZvK Ki ZzjQ GKiwLK, ewPnxb hw`I welqeenvi wZwb
wewPvwfmvix| AwbevY B`awbi mg KweZvB GKwUB myi I wi`gi Mr-G euvav,
kvkwZKx-170

hb GKwUB KweZv cowQ| A_P ZvK `xNKweZv ejviI Dcvq bB| Kwe
Avmv`yvgvb LvKbi mg wmZv, wbigqZv Avi Mfxi wbgMZvK weePbvq
iLB ejZ nq G mgB Zuvi mxgveZvI eU!

m`mgyj

g bvg bv wel : bvg gvnvZ

Z_vKw_Z mgvR eveZvi wbMo Ave _vKv Kwei KvR bq| eR KwVb K gvwbbv
ejZ cvivUv h Kvb ewi Rb KwVb Ges Kmva| m wZwb hw` nb Kwe
Zvnj mgvRi AwaKvsk gvbyli KvQ nb Ak-AcvO&q| hyM I agi cfve
eRb Ki gnvKvji fvi gv_vq wbZ cvib ejB wZwb Kwe| Avi NyY aiv
mvgvwRK mfZvi AbyMZ ew hZB wbRK Kwe ej `vwe KiK, AZ Avwg ZvK
Kwe ej gb Kwi bv|
KbvceY, mRbkxj, fveev`x wPvkxj`i Avgiv Kwe ejZ cvwi| m A_ Kwe
Rvnvb Avjxi KveM g bvg bv wel cvV Kij ZuvK wbwavq Kwe ejv hvq| GK
`ytmvnwmK cqvm Avgiv LuyR cvB Rvnvb Avjxi g bvg bv wel KveMwUZ|
mgvRi gvbyl nq mgvRi w`KB wZwb Avyj ZzjQb, ejQb Ae hZ K_v :
Afvei A`k eowk Mu_Q Rxebi Uvc/ Ni Ni i jvk c_ c_ Rxebi vf/ g
bvg bv wel wel GLb Lvgvi Lvgvi/ mvcivB evynviv, Ze eu``i VuvB Kvb kni/ b`x
Kv_vq Kvb eni-/ mvci wel hLb gvbyli Aai Aai| (g bvg bv wel)

Amxg ZKi Kej wQbwfb, wbwlZ I bvRnvj nZ `wL KweK| KviY Kwei
ee KLbv GKck bq| Kwe gvbylK fve Avi mB fvebvi cwZdjb NU _vK
KweZvq| eve RMZK gbvhvMx cvVKi gZv cvV Kib Kwe Rvnvb Avjx|
bwZevPK gvbyljvi gvS vbMf ee cPvi Kiv Zuvi KvR bq| gvbyli gvS
^ceyb Kwe KvweK fvlvq ejZ Pvq KgV nI, wbRi AwaKvi wbR Av`vq Ki
bvI (hw`I Kwei KvR mgvR msvi bq)| fyLv-bvv gvbyli KweZv KweZvq Avgiv
GiKg gbvfvei cwZdjb `wL| GK_v hw` Avgiv ^xKvi Kwi, Kwe hv ejb ev
jLb ZvB KweZv, Zvnj wekl wKQz ejvi bB, wK wkvxY nIqvi evcviwU
hw` awi, ZvZ Avgvi gb nq KweZv KweZvB, wbQK vMvb bq| Ze MnYhvMZvi
gvcKvwV Avgvi nvZ bv nqwb cyivcywi| KviY evai gvv cvVKf` wfb nq
_vK| Avmyb Avgiv Kwei ee wb :
nvgvi Zvwo fvjv gvwM fvjv/ nvgvi Kvg fvjv/ nvgiv fvZ evMi gigy Kv!/ Rvqvb
gi` eevK-P/ Rvqvb gvwM eevK-P..

mg Rxebi `bvcvIbv wgwUq `evi cZq Zey Avgiv wbR`i mgcY Kwi
AwZcvKZi Ici| GZ Ki Avgv`i fimvi RvqMvUv gReyZ njI ewMZ
DbwZ _K hvq ZjvwbZ| wbRK RxweZ ivLvi cZq Avgiv m~h`ei KvQ _K
h kw cvB Zv g~jZ Djyeb gy Qovbvi gZvB evcvi|

kvkwZKx-171

cv-gNbv-hgybvi mgc_ ai/ Nvii ga _vwK IivB myLcvwL|/ wbqwgZ evqvg Kwi,
eyKWb `B msmvi,/ Zey Nvii ga bvPwQ-LvwQ-`vwQ-/ Avi/ cv-gNbv-hgybvi mg
c_ ai fm hvwQ...(Rjhvv)|

cwiwPZ c_i MwZ `ZB nq| wK MZvbyMwZK K_vq ^v_KZv Kv_vq? Kwei DPviY
wav njI, GUv gvbZB ne Avgiv bvMwiKZvq AvUK _vKv Rxe h gv|
Rxebi cwiwPZ c_ _K BQv _vKjI ei nZ cvwi bv| G mg Rxeb-hYv
Avkvi mgvw NUvq| dj Rxebi mg m~ Abyf~wZi exR nq Azi web| GKwU
cev` AvQ, fvZ RvU bv, wcwiZ evS| GB wcwiZ evSv AmsLK gvbyli
RbB cw_ex wUK AvQ| ZvB Kwei Kjg DPvwiZ nq dvgwk kxZj KvPi fZi
_K ej|/ evev Iiv Kviv, gvwUi AwaKvi KvK Kq| (^vwaKvii KweZv) eBwU cKvk
KiQ b`x cKvk| cQ` KiQb ivwRe ivq| g~j ivLv nqQ 80 UvKv|

^wP ^wPe

Amgv Acv : GKwU nuvwU nuvwU cv cvi ivWgvc

cvgvb Rq Qbvg MZ cuvP eQi ai KweZv jLv Kwe ij gvndzR Rq-Gi

c_g KveM Amgv Acv| eBwU nvZ wbj h wRwbmwU cvVKi bRi KvoZ
eva mwU cQ` Ges GwU Lye Riwi| Ggb my`i cQ` I iwPkxj KvRi Rb
abev` RvbvB jLK, cKvkK Ges cQ`Kvi Pvi wcUzmn mswk mKjK| Gevi
MwUi fZi Avmv hvK, eBwU c_g cKvwkZ nq 2011 mvji eBgjvq, GKzk
evsjv cKvk _K| KveMwUZ gvU KweZvi msLv 51wU| Kwei KvecwZfvi
m Avgv`i c_g nvB-nvjv ev mvvrKvi nq Acvikb w_qUvi, GwU
KveMwUi c_g KweZv|
AvgvK hLb Acvikb w_qUvi bqv njv/ Avgvi gvqi Aeqe nq Mjv ivZi
wbRb Pi/ mv`v Wvvi`i gb njv dikZvi `j/ AvLivZi gq`vb Avgvi cvc
cyYi wnme PvBZ GmQ! [Acvikb w_qUvi]

wewZi Kx wewP wP! GKRb Kwe KZLvwb KvwbK ev fveyK (cvi ivgvwUK)
nj GZ my`i GKwU wP cvVKi mvgb Dcvcb KiZ cvib! GKRb ivMxi
`wKvY _K Dchy wPwU Dcvcb Kivq GKw`K hgb mw nqQ KiYv ev
gvqvi, Z`c Abw`K mw nqQ nvjKv imi| `yUv wgj Avevi hyMcr mw nqQ
KiY imi| GB KweZvi kli w`K `yUv jvBb `yB Nv Ges Qvwek eQi eqmK/
Avjv`v KiZ cvwi wb mw`b|

gvqi cqvRbxqZvi w`K _K `yB Nv Ges Qvwek eQii `yB mvbK Kwe hgb
Avjv`v KiZ cvib wb, Zgwb Kwei KweZ wbYq Kve Acvikb w_qUvi Avi
Kwei KvecwZfv GB `yUvK Avgiv Avjv`v KiZ cvwibv| Kwei Kve cwZfvi
h_v_ `~Z GB Acvikb w_qUvi| Gici iqQ Acv wmwiRi cuvPwU KweZv|
kvkwZKx-172

Rvwb AvRKi NYvjv ARm Pz^b/ nq wdi Avme GKw`b mw`b gNi e`j/ fm
eove Zvgvi VuvUi Av` Rj/ mB Rj bq Avwg wVK gvbyl nq DVev! (Acv 3)

Kwe Av` gvbyl nq AvQb wK-bv wKsev gvbyl nq DVeb wK-bv Avgiv Zv Rvwbbv|
Ze Kwe h GKRb cKZ Kwe nq DVQb Ges DVeb Zvi cK mvx GB Acv
wmwiRi KweZvjv| Gme KweZvq iqQ evwo divi Zvobv, knii wbtkvmckvmi cwZ weic gbvfve, AvQ Kbv Ges Avnevb| ZvQvov GB wmwiRi
KweZvjvZ iqQ wcq wKQzi Rb Acv Ges wbiU ^Zt~Z Abyf~wZ, iqQ
mylg AveM I ggkx wKQz ki Ljv| hgb evZvki kixi, PZbvi kni,
evai cbqb, VuvUi Av`R
j, mgvwi c`wP cfwZ| Gme ki KjvY
KweZvjv cvVKi Aii Atj Abvqvm RvqMv Ki bq|
Acv wmwiRi kl PviwU KweZv kwkvjx m`n bB| Ze c_g KweZvq
wKQzUv `yejZv iqQ| wekl Ki KweZvwUi ZZxq jvBbwU Avgv`i weiw Avb|
cvVKi ^Zt~Z Abyf~wZ GLvb Gm evavcv nq| myZivs GB PiYwU Kwe Ab
Kvbfve Dcvcb Kij KweZvwU mylg nZv, Zv m`nvZxZ|
Avb jwMq w`jvg eva Abyf~wZi kni/ weKj mfZvK ej w`jvg-bv/ QvB nq
Mjv BDivci AvKvk/ GKx weini euvwk evRvjb Cki| (euvwkIqvjv)

euvwkIqvjv KweZvwU Kwei mevfi ewntcKvk| Kwe AvaywbK mfZv I mgvRev

eZvi bMwP Dcvcb KiQb G KweZvq| gZ G mfZv, hLvb bB ^c, Avkv,
gvbeZv, KejB iqQ vf, nZvkv Avi ^v_i hy| Kwe G mgvR eevi wec
wbRi Aevb wbwZ KiQb| Kej Kvgj Abyf~wZ bq, `pPZv AwMzwj
e`jvZ ne GB mgvR| Kwe Avi `kUv gvbyli gZ Avkvq eyK euva, Kvgbv Kib
GK ` bZZi, h nvwgjbi euvwkIqvjvi gZ me AgvbweK Rvj Ub wbq wMq
dj Avme A_ Rj|
div nq bv, Rb KweZvjvI fvj jvMe cvVK`i| fvj jvMe wW-Rbvikb
wmwiRi 10wU Kve| GB KvejvZ iqQ AmvaviY ebv| AaywbK wWRbvikb I Zv`i KvRKg, gbvfve, Zv`i cg-cxwZ, cvw-Acvw, hbZv
cfwZ welqjv DV GmQ Gme KweZvq|

GB KweZvjvi ci iqQ AgxgvswmZ wmwiRi `ywU KweZv| GB `ywU KweZvZ

iqQ Rxebi Kvb GK mskqvQb gyn~Zi jwLK wP| AgxgvswmZ-2 bvgK
KweZvwUZ iqQ f~Mvj I BwZnvmi AvswkK Dcv`vb|
gvS gvS ZvgvK gb nq/ inmi kvwo civ `yeva wgki/ Avwg Amnvq wKkvi ivRv
ZvZb Lvgb| (AgxgvswmZ-2)

KveMi GKevi kl KweZv, hwU KveMi bvg KweZv, Zv njv Amgv

Acv| KweZvi K_bfw AbKUv mybxj Mvcvavqi gZv| Ze KweZvwU kl
ch Kwei wbR^ZviB cwiPq enb Ki| GwU hb wVK KweZv bq| GK QvU MvwK
Kve| GB GKwU KweZv cvVv, cvVK cZ cvi QvUM Ges Kve `yUv
wRwbmiB ^v`|
Zvici GKzk eQi KU MQ/ Agj `v fviZ Pj hvIqvi Qgvm ci/ iLv Avcvi weqi
evw` evRjv/ iLv Avcv Avi KLbv gq~i nZ cvi wb/ c_g mvbi Rb w`q AuvZzi
Ni _K dib wb wZwb| (Amgv Acv)

AvjvPbv kl GKwU K_v ejvi _K hvq, Zv njv ^bvgab mvwnwZK Avwbmyj nK

KZK
Kwei cwiwPwZ ewi evcviUv| mvwnwZK Avwbmyj nKi cwZ Mfxi kv I
mvb iLB ejwQ, KweK Kb Avwbmyj nKi gvidZ cwiwPZ nZ ne? Kwei
cwiPq enb Ki Zuvi Kve, Kvb ^vbgab ew ev cwZvb bq| ZvQvov h Kwe
GZ cwiYZ I Ame my`i KweZv wjLZ cvib, wZwb Kb KveMw Ui cQ`i
c_g dvc GB cPv Pvjvjb-Zv Avgv`i evaMg bq| Avkv Kwi, Kwe Zuvi
cieZx Kvb mwZ GB aibi Pv Pvjveb bv| Avgv`i wekvm Kwe ij gvndzR
Rq GKRb kwkvjx Kweic evOjv KveRMZ cwZv jvf Kieb| Gi Rb Kej
cqvRb wKQy Acv| Avi GB Acvi mgvw NUzK Amgv Acvi vivB|

weiwZi Gcvi jvKi wb`v Icvi Avcvm/ dBmeyK cg wkKvi, eD eySjB `vl|
(wW Rbvikbi Kve-9)

`ex wmwiRi KweZvjv KveMi Abvb KweZvi Zzjbvq AvKvi ek QvU, Ze

fve AbK Mfxi| GB KweZvjvi cZK ciZ ciZ ejv nqQ Ggb wKQz bv
ejv K_v hv cvVKK wbq hve fvebvi AbK Mfxi, w`e cwic~Y KweZvi ^v`|
`ex A_ wbZ Rvb/ wbZ Rvb APbv/ wbjK kxZj Pvnwb Qvov/ Iiv w`Z cvibv
wKQzB| (`ex-1)

Dc`Z mgqi mvx nq, NYv Kiv nB, fvjv _Kv, gvK wbq GKwU
ewMZ KweZv, icvi, Avb Rvbvi jnb w`q hvI, GmKj KweZv ^gwngvq
DvwmZ| Gi KvbwU mgKvjxb eveZv, KvbwU fvlv Av`vjb, Avevi KvbwU wcq
gvbylK wbq wjLv|

kvkwZKx-173

AvM 2011-Z cKvwkZ nqQ hk^x mvsevw`K I

mv`K Pcj evkvi-Gi c_g KveM ewZ `e`vi|
eBwU cKvk KiQ wPv cKvkbx| PgrKvi cQ` GuKQb
nvkg Lvb| Pcj evkvii GB KveMw UZ gvU 43wU
KweZv vb cqQ| eBwUi g~j ivLv nqQ 70 UvKv|

kvkwZKx-174

mv`K eivei
wcq mv`K,
evsjv GKvWgxZ Avgvi GK ez AvQ, I-B GKw`b AvgvK kvkwZKx w`j|
ivRkvnx _K cKvwkZ b c_gUvB iZ w`Bwb| ci Aek wbRi fyj eySZ
ci jwZ nB| ejv Pj GB msLvi ga w`q kvkwZKxi mv_ Avgvi cwiPq
NU| AbK AvMn wbq kvkwZKxi meUvB kl KiwQ| Avwg AevK nqwQ GUv
fe h Avgv`i `ki ZiYiv dvKjvi wbq KvR KiQ ZvI Avevi ek
wQq| msLvwUZ ek wKQy bZzb auvPi jLv cqwQ| wekl Ki, Kweqvj Avyj
Rwjj-Gi mvvrKvii K_v ejZB nQ| Avi wewk cvewK-wPvwe` hZxb
miKvii mvvrKviwUI Abe`| ZiY MelK kvgmyj Avidxb-Gi jLvwU PvL
covi gZ| Icvi evsjvi kwbv_ Sv jvjb-Gi AwPb gvbyl I mq ivq jvKMwYZ
wbq PgrKvi wjLQb| AviI fvjv jMQ ^ivwPl miKvi, Aveyj nvmvb Payix,
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix, mgi cvj I mywZv PeZx- Gu`i jLvwj|
kvkwZKxi BZvc~e cKvwkZ Abyev` I bvUK msLvwU Avwg AbK LuvRvLuywR Ki
msMn KiwQ| bvUK I Abyev` wbq Kiv msLvjvI Avgvi h_ fvjv jMQ|
wekl Ki, Abyev` msLvi K_v Avjv`v Ki ejZB nQ| GK gjvUi ga
GZvjv gvbmZ I wfb auvPi jLvi Abyev` cvVi myhvM Ki `Iqvi Rb
AvcbvK abev`|
iex`msLv I kvkwZKxi AvMvgx msLvjvi Acvq iBjvg| Avwkev` iBj|
kx iexb PvUvwR, XvKv wekwe`vq|
[email protected]

mv`K mvne,
kvkwZKxi wbqwgZ cvVK Avwg| kvkwZKxi wekl msLvjv mwZB bRi
Kvovi gZv| Abyev` msLvwUi ek KqKwU jLv Avwg GKvwaKevi cowQ| wekl
msLvi KviYB nqZ kvkwZKxi K`i w`b w`b ew cvQ| cwZUv msLvB hLb
wekl ZLb wbq AbK K KiZ nq Avcbv`i!
evsjv`k M I KweZv wbq AbK KvR nqQ I nQ| Avwg ewMZfve
PvB, kvkwZKx M I KweZv wbq KvR KiK, KviY GUzKz GZw`b eySZ ciwQ
kvkwZKxi KvR Avi hvB nvK MZvbyMwZK ne bv| Avgvi AviI GKwU cve AvQ
kvkwZKxi KvQ evsjv`ki ivRbxwZ welqK GKwU msLv PvB| wbq fe
`Leb| abev` I AbK AbK fKvgbv|

GKzk eB gjv 2011-Z cKvwkZ nqQ

gvRvd&di nvmb I ivZzj cvj-Gi h_ Mi
eB wav| eBwUi f~wgKv wjLQb K_vmvwnwZK
I cvewK Ave`yk kvKzi Ges cKvk KiQ
A^lv cKvkbx| eBwUi cQ` KiQb Pvi
wcUz| g~j ivLv nqQ 120 UvKv|

GKzk eB gjv 2011-Z cKvwkZ nqQ

gynv` gn`x nvmvb-Gi c_g Dcbvm
Rvmbvq cyowQj hviv| eBwU cKvk KiQ
A^lv cKvkbx| eBwUi cQ` KiQb Pvi
wcUz| g~j ivLv nqQ 130 UvKv|

KzZze wgqv
`Iqvb evRvi, PMvg|

kvkwZKx-175

kvkwZKx-176