Tank Design and Construction

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STORAGE TANK
g
STORAGE TANK
(API 650) (API 650)
Jakarta 2011
Areif Edy Kurniawan (07084) Areif Edy Kurniawan (07084)
Content
General
Function
Type Type
Code and Standard
API 650 Tank
Design
- Working Document Working Document
- Main Part
- Used Software
Design Calculation
Construction
- Design Calculation
- Construction Sequence
- Hydrotest
- Painting/Coating g g
- Boxing Up
- Completely Constructed
General
In the Oil & Gas industry, storage tanks are needed to store feed
stocks, finished products, utilities and the reserve volumes of
intermediate stocks awaiting further processing.
Storage tanks are also needed to store purchased chemicals and
catalysts used for processing.
Function of Storage Tank
Storage tanks are used to store large volumes of materials.
Materials need to be stored in a way that prevents loss. Loss occurs
if the material evaporates away, leaks, deteriorates in storage, is
contaminated with something that reduces its value, or is consumed
by a catastrophic fire.
Storage tanks are designed to prevent loss of material and to protect
people from hazardous materials.
Type of Storage Tank
Fixed Roof
Cone Roof
Non- Pressurized
Dome Roof
Low Pressure
Storage Tank
Floating Roof
Low Pressure
Vertical Cylinder
Pressurized
Horizontal Cylinder
Sphere
Spheroid
Non-Pressurized (Low Pressure)
Non-pressurized storage tanks are normally large, upright, steel
cylinders varying in diameter from 30 feet to 200 feet. Their height
varies from 20 to 80 feet. These tanks are classified by their roof
construction.
1. Fixed-Roof Tank
A fixed-roof tank has a steel plate that is permanently mounted to the top
of the cylindrical shell. In some case, fixed roofs are weakly attached. In
the event of severe over-pressuring or an internal explosion, this
arrangement allows the roof to fail before the shell is ruptured. Two types
of fixed-roof tanks are cone roof and dome roof tanks.
1.1 Fixed-Cone Roof Tank
Used to store liquids whose vapor pressure are relatively low
(water, chemical, lubricating oil) otherwise nitrogen/gas blanketing ( , , g ) g g g
shall be applied on vapor space to prevent any vapor losses
(usually for fuel). Divided into Self Supporting and Supported Cone
Roof.
1.2 Fixed-Dome Roof Tank
Used to store liquids having higher vapor pressure than store in
cone roof. It is applicable for higher design pressure up to 0.15 pp g g p p
kg/cm
2
(2.13 psig) gauge.
Mainly used for refrigerated liquid storage.
This type also may be used for liquids having low vapor pressure y y g
instead of cone roof type, if the tank cost is lower.
2. Floating-Roof Tank
A floating-roof tank has a roof that floats on top of the liquid
stored in the tank. This arrangement greatly reduces evaporation
losses because the surface of the liquid is not exposed to the
atmosphere.
The roof is a circular deck that closely fits inside the tanks cylindrical y y
walls. Means are provided to give the roof buoyancy, so the roof rises
and falls with the liquid level in the tank. This tank is used to store
liquids having high vapor pressure (crude oil, gasoline, naphtha).
Pressurized
Spheroid
Cylinder
(Horizontal)
p
Sphere
Storage Classification
GPSA Engineering Data Book 12
th
Ed.
Above Ground
- Atmospheric
- Low Pressure (0 2.5 psig)
Medium Pressure (2 5 15 psig) - Medium Pressure (2.5 15 psig)
- High Pressure (Above 15 psig)
Under Ground
Code and Standard
Design and Construction
API 650 11
th
Ed 2007 Add2 2010 Welded Tanks for Oil Storage API 650 , 11 Ed. 2007, Add2 2010. Welded Tanks for Oil Storage.
Internal Pressure approximating atmospheric (internal pressure not exceeding the weight of the roof
plate). If exceed up to 2.5 psig Appendix F.
Max design temp 200F. If exceed up to 500F Appendix M.
API 620
Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low Pressure Storage Tank. g g , , g
Internal Pressure 2.5 to 15 psig.
Max design temp 250F.
Complement
API 651
Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank.
API 653
Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction.
API RP 575 API RP 575
Inspection of Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tank.
API 650 Tank (contents)
Section 1 -- Scope
Section 2 -- References
Section 3 -- Definitions
Section 4 -- Material
Section 5 -- Design
S ti 6 F b i ti Section 6 -- Fabrication
Section 7 -- Erection
Section 8 -- Methods of Inspection Joint
Section 9 Welding Procedure and Welder Section 9 -- Welding Procedure and Welder
Qualifications
Section 10 -- Marking
Appendix A Y
API 650 Tank (Internal Pressure)
Internal
Pressure
?
Basic Design
No
?
Yes
Internal
Pressure
exceed weight
Basic Design
No
g
of roof plate ?
Yes
Internal No
Yes
Pressure
Exceed 2.5
psig ?
API 650 w/ Appendix F
Use API 620
Yes
--- DESIGN ---
Working Document
Design Basis
PID
Process Data
Sheet
PID
Mechanical
Data Sheet
RFQ QUOTATION TBA
Standard
Drawing
MRS PO
Specification
VENDOR
ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION
DESIGN CALCULATION
FINAL
MASTER SCHEDULE
PO
FABRICATION/DETAIL
DRAWING
PROCEDURE
FINAL
DOCUMENTATION
(MDR & IOM)
ITP
(MDR & IOM)
EQUIPMENT / MANPOWER EQUIPMENT / MANPOWER
LOADING
VENDOR
Main Parts
Used Software
TANK COADE
E-Tank
Design Calculation
What are the result?
1. Bottom
Type & Plate Thickness (min 6 mm, exclude C.A) yp ( , )
2. Shell
Plate Thickness (min as table, include C.A)
Nominal Tank Diameter Nominal Plate Thickness NominalTankDiameter
(m)
NominalPlateThickness
(mm)
<15 5
15to36 6
36 to 60 8
3. Roof
Type & Plate Thickness (min 5 mm include C A)
36to60 8
>60 10
Type & Plate Thickness (min 5 mm, include C.A)
For Supported Roof (Girder, Rafter Size & Quantity)
4. Top Angle Requirement
Size Size
5. Anchorage Requirement
Size and Quantity
6 Weight 6. Weight
Empty and Test
Shell Thickness Calculation
1. One Foot Method
for diameter not more than 61 m.
2 Variable Design Point Method 2. Variable Design Point Method
L/H 2
3. Elastic Analysis
L/H 2
4. Appendix A
for shell thickness not more than 13 mm. for shell thickness not more than 13 mm.
--- CONSTRUCTION --- --- CONSTRUCTION ---
Construction Sequence
Material Verification and Fabrication
(Marking,Cutting Rolling, Primer Painting)
SHOP
Foundation (by Civil)
Asphalt Sheet/ Bituminous Sand (by Civil)
SITE
Bottom
Shell + Top Angle
Roof Roof
Nozzle & Manway
Platform, Spiral Stairway, Ladder
Hydrotest
Painting/Coating
Boxing Up
Foundation (by civil)
- Type Appendix B
a. Earth foundations without a ringwall g
b. Earth foundations with a concrete ringwall
c. Earth foundations with a crushed stone & gravel ringwall
d. Concrete slab d. Concrete slab
Asphalt Sheet / Bituminous Sand (by civil)
- Function cushion of bottom plate to foundation
- Material Material
Asphalt Ready
Bottom
- Slope Flat, Sloped Upward, Sloped Downward
- Arrangement Type w/ Annular w/o Annular Arrangement Type w/ Annular, w/o Annular
- Sequence Padding, Laying, Fit Up, Welding
- Inspection & NDE Vacuum Box Test & RT (for annular)
Plate Arrangement
( / ) (w/o Annular)
Plate Arrangement
( / ) (w/ Annular)
Padding
Laying
Fit Up & Welding
SHELL
- Sequence Lifting, Fit Up, Welding
I ti & NDE - Inspection & NDE
MT/PT, Oil Leak Test, RT, Peaking, Banding, Plumbness
Plate Arrangement
Lifting-- Fit Up -- Welding
Top Angle
Function shell stiffener and roof plate support
Roof
- Roof Support
- Arrangement Plate
- Inspection & NDE MT/PT, Vacuum Box and Soap Test
Roof Support
Arrangement Plate
Lifting -- Fit Up -- Welding
Self Supporting Cone Roof
Assembly Jigs -- Fit Up -- Welding -- Lifting
Nozzle and Manway
- Sequence Marking, Make a hole, Fit Up, Welding
Platform, Ladder, Stairway
H d t t P i ti B i U Hydrotest Painting Boxing Up
Hydrotest
Water Filling
Settlement Check Settlement Check
I t l
No
Internal
Pressure
?
Full of Water
No
Yes
Full of Water + 1.25 x Design Pressure
(compressed by Air)
Water Filling
Settlement Check
- Measurement point shall be made at equally spaced intervals
around the tank circumference not exceeding 10 m, minimum
number shall be 8 (eight).
- Checking and Holding Time
Settlement Check
Painting
Boxing Up
-- Completely Constructed --
Th k Y -- Thank You --

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