Exercise Set

9.4
Find x and y.
1.
2.
3.
4.
For Exercises 520, let
Find each of the following.
I = B
1
0
0
1
R. 0 = B
0
0
0
0
R,
F = B
3
- 1
3
- 1
R, E = B
1
2
3
6
R,
D = B
1
1
1
1
R, C = B
1
- 1
- 1
1
R,
B = B
- 3
2
5
- 1
R, A = B
1
4
2
3
R,
B
x - 1
y + 3
4
- 7
R = B
0
- 2
4
- 7
R
B
3
y
2x
- 8
R = B
3
1
- 2
- 8
R
B
6x
25
R = B
- 9
5y
R
35 x4 = 3y - 34
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29. Budget. For the month of June, Nelia budgets $300
for food, $80 for clothes, and $40 for entertainment.
a) Write a matrix B that represents the
amounts budgeted for these items.
b) After receiving a raise, Nelia increases the
amount budgeted for each item in July by 5%.
Find a matrix R that represents the new
amounts.
c) Find and tell what the entries represent.
30. Produce. The produce manager at Dugans Market
orders 40 lb of tomatoes, 20 lb of zucchini, and 30 lb
of onions from a local farmer one week.
a) Write a matrix A that represents the
amount of each item ordered.
b) The following week the produce manager
increases her order by 10%. Find a matrix B that
represents this order.
c) Find and tell what the entries represent. A + B
1 * 3
B + R
1 * 3
B
4
- 5
R C
2
6
0
0
- 7
- 3
S
C
1
0
- 2
- 4
8
- 1
3
0
5
S C
3
0
0
0
- 4
0
0
0
1
S
C
2
0
0
0
- 1
0
0
0
3
S C
0
2
- 1
- 4
1
0
3
0
6
S
C
1
- 5
3
S B
- 6
0
5
4
8
- 1
R
B
2
0
- 1
5
0
4
R C
- 3
0
5
1
2
0
0
- 1
4
S
C
- 2
5
- 1
4
1
- 3
S B
3
- 1
- 6
4
R
5. A + B 6. B + A
7. E + 0 8. 2A
9. 3F 10. 1- 12D
11. 3F + 2A 12. A - B
13. B - A 14. AB
15. BA 16. 0F
17. CD 18. EF
19. AI 20. IA
Find the product, if possible.
21.
22. 36 - 1 24 C
1
- 2
5
4
0
- 3
S
B
- 1
3
0
- 5
7
2
R C
6
- 4
1
S
780 C HA P T E R 9 Systems of Equations and Matrices
31. Nutrition. A 3-oz serving of roasted, skinless chicken
breast contains 140 Cal, 27 g of protein, 3 g of fat,
13 mg of calcium, and 64 mg of sodium. One-half cup
of potato salad contains 180 Cal, 4 g of protein, 11 g of
fat, 24 mg of calcium, and 662 mg of sodium. One
broccoli spear contains 50 Cal, 5 g of protein, 1 g of
fat, 82 mg of calcium, and 20 mg of sodium. (Source:
Home and Garden Bulletin No. 72, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402)
a) Write matrices C, P, and B that represent
the nutritional values of each food.
b) Find and tell what the entries
represent.
32. Nutrition. One slice of cheese pizza contains 290 Cal,
15 g of protein, 9 g of fat, and 39 g of carbohydrates.
One-half cup of gelatin dessert contains 70 Cal, 2 g of
protein, 0 g of fat, and 17 g of carbohydrates. One cup
of whole milk contains 150 Cal, 8 g of protein, 8 g of
fat, and 11 g of carbohydrates. (Source: Home and Gar-
den Bulletin No. 72, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402)
a) Write matrices P, G, and Mthat represent
the nutritional values of each food.
b) Find and tell what the entries
represent.
33. Food Service Management. The food service manager
at a large hospital is concerned about maintaining
reasonable food costs. The table below lists the cost per
serving, in dollars, for items on four menus.
3P + 2G + 2M
1 * 4
C + 2P + 3B
1 * 5
Menu Meat Potato Vegetable Salad Dessert
1 1.50 0.15 0.26 0.23 0.64
2 1.55 0.14 0.24 0.21 0.75
3 1.62 0.22 0.31 0.28 0.53
4 1.70 0.20 0.29 0.33 0.68
On a particular day, a dietician orders 65 meals from
menu 1, 48 from menu 2, 93 from menu 3, and 57
from menu 4.
a) Write the information in the table as a
matrix M.
b) Write a row matrix N that represents the number
of each menu ordered.
c) Find the product NM.
d) State what the entries of NMrepresent.
4 * 5
34. Food Service Management. A college food service
manager uses a table like the one below to list the
number of units of ingredients, by weight, required
for various menu items.
White
Cake Bread
Coffee
Cake
Sugar
Cookies
Flour 1 2.5 0.75 0.5
Milk 0 0.5 0.25 0
Eggs 0.75 0.25 0.5 0.5
Butter 0.5 0 0.5 1
The cost per unit of each ingredient is 25 cents
for flour, 34 cents for milk, 54 cents for eggs, and
83 cents for butter.
a) Write the information in the table as a
matrix M.
b) Write a row matrix C that represents the cost per
unit of each ingredient.
c) Find the product CM.
d) State what the entries of CMrepresent.
35. Production Cost. Karin supplies two small campus
coffee shops with homemade chocolate chip cookies,
oatmeal cookies, and peanut butter cookies. The
table below shows the number of each type of
cookie, in dozens, that Karin sold in one week.
4 * 4
Mugsys
Coffee Shop The Coffee Club
Chocolate
Chip 8 15
Oatmeal 6 10
Peanut Butter 4 3
Karin spends $4 for the ingredients for one dozen
chocolate chip cookies, $2.50 for the ingredients for
one dozen oatmeal cookies, and $3 for the ingre-
dients for one dozen peanut butter cookies.
a) Write the information in the table as a
matrix S.
b) Write a row matrix C that represents the cost, per
dozen, of the ingredients for each type of cookie.
c) Find the product CS.
d) State what the entries of CS represent.
3 * 2
SECTION 9.4 Matrix Operations 781
782 C HA P T E R 9 Systems of Equations and Matrices
36. Profit. A manufacturer produces exterior plywood,
interior plywood, and fiberboard, which are shipped
to two distributors. The table below shows the num-
ber of units of each type of product that are shipped
to each warehouse.
Distributor 1 Distributor 2
Exterior
Plywood 900 500
Interior
Plywood 450 1000
Fiberboard 600 700
The profits from each unit of exterior plywood,
interior plywood, and fiberboard are $5, $8, and $4,
respectively.
a) Write the information in the table as a
matrix M.
b) Write a row matrix P that represents the profit,
per unit, of each type of product.
c) Find the product PM.
d) State what the entries of PMrepresent.
3 * 2
40.
5x - 4y = 16
- x + y = 3,
41.
2x + 5y - 3z = 8
3x - y + z = 7,
x + y - 2z = 6,
42.
4x + 3y - 2z = 11
x + 2y - z = 3,
3x - y + z = 1,
43.
2x + y - 5z = 13
3x - 2y + 4z = 17,
44.
4x - 3y + 2z = 10
3x + 2y + 5z = 9,
45.
46.
2x + 10y + z = 5
2w - x + 4y = 13,
- w + 4x - y + 12z = 5,
12w + 2x + 4y - 5z = 2,
2w + 3x + 5y - 7z = 9
- w + x + 4y - 3z = 1,
w + 2x - y - z = 0,
- 4w + x - y + 2z = 12,
Skill Maintenance
In Exercises 4750:
a) Find the vertex.
b) Find the axis of symmetry.
c) Determine whether there is a maximum or minimum
value and find that value.
d) Graph the function.
47.
48.
49.
50. f 1x2 = - 3x
2
+ 4x + 4
f 1x2 = - x
2
- 3x + 2
f 1x2 = 2x
2
- 5x - 3
f 1x2 = x
2
- x - 6
Synthesis
For Exercises 5154, let
51. Show that
where
A
2
= AA and B
2
= BB.
1A + B21A - B2 Z A
2
- B
2
,
A = B
- 1
2
0
1
R and B = B
1
0
- 1
2
R.
37. Profit. In Exercise 35, suppose that Karins profits
on one dozen chocolate chip, oatmeal, and peanut
butter cookies are $6, $4.50, and $5.20, respectively.
a) Write a row matrix P that represents this
information.
b) Use the matrices S and P to find Karins total profit
from each coffee shop.
38. Production Cost. In Exercise 36, suppose that the
manufacturers production costs for each unit of
exterior plywood, interior plywood, and fiberboard
are $20, $25, and $15, respectively.
a) Write a row matrix C that represents this
information.
b) Use the matrices Mand C to find the total
production cost for the products shipped to
each distributor.
Write a matrix equation equivalent to the system of
equations.
39.
x + 5y = - 6
2x - 3y = 7,