SIR PATTRICK GEDDES

MOHD.AKBAR B.ARCH 3
RD
YEAR


PHILOSOPHY
OF
SIR PATTRICK GEDDES
SECTION VALLEY
PRINCIPLES
SSIGNMENT-1



BY

MOHD.AKBAR
B.ARCH 3
RD
YEAR
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
A
SIR PATTRICK GEDDES

MOHD.AKBAR B.ARCH 3
RD
YEAR

SIR PATTRICK GEDDES

2 October 1854 17 April 1932

Town Planning is not mere place-
planning, nor even work planning. If
it is to be successful it must be folk
planning. This means that its task is not to
coerce people into new places against their
associations, wishes, and interest, as we
find bad schemes trying to do. Instead its
task is to find the right places for each
sort of people; place where they will
really flourish. To give people in fact
the same care that we give when
transplanting flowers, instead of harsh
evictions and arbitrary instructions to
'move on', delivered in the manner of an
officious policeman.
SIR PATTRICK GEDDES

MOHD.AKBAR B.ARCH 3
RD
YEAR

WHO WAS PATTRICK GEDDES?

Patrick Geddes who has been called the father of modern
town planning was born in Balloters, Aberdeenshire, on 2
October1854.HespenthischildhoodinPerthshireandattended
Perth Academy. He had a lifelong contempt for examinations and
never took a university degree. After a period of private study, he
chosebotanyashissubjectbutleftEdinburghUniversityafterone
week. He went on to study botany and zoology with individual
teachersandmentorsinLondonandParis.
Geddes did much to improve the living conditions in his local
environment and was also a figure of international
importance. He travelled widely and corresponded with key
thinkers and writers of the time such as Charles Darwin,
Mahatma Gandhi, and Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore.
Above all, his aim was , and to achieve a better 'to see
life whole'understanding of human beings in their natural,
built, and social environments. His ideas and concerns about
the environment, education, and conservation are still as
relevant today as they were in his own time.
The town planning primarily meant establishing organic
relationship amongFolk place and work, which corresponds
to triad( ) of Geddesian triadorganism, function and
environment.
FOLK i.e. Environment (Social aspect)
WORK i.e. Function (Economical aspect)
PLACE i.e. Organism (Physical aspect)
Place
(geogra
phy)
Place-
work
Place-folk
Work-
place
work-
economy
Work-folk
Folk-
place
Folk-work Folk-
anthropolgy

SIR PATTRICK GEDDES

MOHD.AKBAR B.ARCH 3
RD
YEAR

Feeling
sense
Feeling-
experience
feeling
Experienced
sense
experience Experienced
feeling
sense Sensed
experienced
Sensed
feeling

Learning By Doing
Patrick Geddes believed that education was a catalyst for social change and active
citizenship. He explored the ways in which people learn most effectively. He developed an
educational philosophy which emphasised the combination of 'hand, heart, and head',
in that order of priority.
He believed learning should engage the emotions, and include physical activity. This
included , as well as more traditional methods of 'learning by doing'learning from
books and lectures.
Geddes also promoted an interdisciplinary approach to learning, highlighting the
useful connections and synergies between different subject areas and disciplines.



SIR PATTRICK GEDDES

MOHD.AKBAR B.ARCH 3
RD
YEAR

Cities in Evolution published in 1915 essence of the book city beautiful
movement and too many small schemes here and there like garden cities were only
poor examples of town planning. In this book he coined the term to describe the
waves of population inflow to large cities, Conurbation followed by overcrowding
and slum formation, and then the wave of backflow the whole process resulting in
amorphous sprawl, waste, and unnecessary obsolescence.
True rural development, true urban planning, true city design have little in common
and repeating the same over all the three was disastrous and economically wasteful
Each valid scheme should and must embody the full utilization of its local and
regional conditions Geddes was the originator of the idea and technique of Regional
survey and city survey.

BY LEAVES WE LIVE
'How many people think twice about a leaf? Yet the leaf is the chief product
and phenomenon of Life: this is a green world, with animals comparatively few
and small, and all dependent upon the leaves.'This quote from Geddes shows
that gardens were an important feature of his social experiments and town
planning initiatives. He believed that gardens and green spaces were essential
for:
Encouraging people to be active and to be outdoors
Producing local food
Brightening up and improving the local environment
Community cohesion
Learning about bio-diversity, life forms, and the changing seasons
Taking responsibility and stewardship for the local environment
In Edinburgh, as well as other cities, Geddes made use of disused and derelict spaces,
however small, to create green spaces and gardens for the local inhabitants to tend
and enjoy.
THE SEQUENCE OF PLANNING IS TO BE:
Regional survey
Rural development
Town planning
City design
Another project involved transforming Short's Observatory on Castle hill into the
'world's first sociological laboratory'. The Outlook Tower, now the Camera, encouraged
people to take a holistic approach to learning about the Obscura environment. Successive
SIR PATTRICK GEDDES

MOHD.AKBAR B.ARCH 3
RD
YEAR

floors demonstrated how by starting at a local level, one can begin to make connections
with the wider world.



PATRICK GEDDES IN INDIA
He came to India in 1915 at the invitation of Lord Pent land, the then
Governor of Madras. He gave his expert advice for the improvement of about
eighteen major towns in India.
He laid emphasis on i.e. diagnosis before treatment Survey before plan to
make a correct diagnosis of various ills from which the town suffers and then
prescribe the correct remedies for its cure. These are the physical and social
economic surveys.
He was the first man who introduced the sociological concept in the town
planning. Before coming to India, he had successfully overcome the horrors of
Edinburgh slums.
SOURCES :
http://www.nls.uk/learning-zone/politics-and-society/patrick-geddes
http://www.scribd.com/doc/86624483/Town-Planning-Concepts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Geddes
http://www.slideshare.net/ctlachu/planning-concepts



SIR PATTRICK GEDDES

MOHD.AKBAR B.ARCH 3
RD
YEAR

VALLEY SECTION PRINCIPLES
Geddes first published his idea of the valley section in 1909 to illustrate his idea of
the 'region-city'.
The region is expressed in the city and the city spreads influence of the highest level
into the region.
To put it another way, Geddes said that "it takes a whole region to make the city.
The valley section illustrated the application of Geddes's trilogy of
'folk/work/place' to analysis of the region.
The valley section is a complex model, which combines physical condition- geology
and geomorphology and their biological associations - with so-called natural or
basic occupations such as miner, hunter, shepherd or fisher, and with the human
settlements that arise from them.
Geddes illustrated the section using the locally available landscapes of Edinburgh
and its hinterland



Geddes illustrated the section using the locally available landscapes of Edinburgh and its
hinterland. In the early images, the Pentland Hills are the mountains, the Lothian region
provides the pastoral hills and agricultural plains, with their scattered settlements and
villages, Edinburgh is the city and Leith the fishing village closest to the sea. This was not
SIR PATTRICK GEDDES

MOHD.AKBAR B.ARCH 3
RD
YEAR

a simplistic illustration of environmental or social determinism, but an attempt to
set the pattern of the contemporary city, its constructions and occupations, within
the context of mankind's roots in the landscape.
SOURCES:
http://www.slideshare.net/macshivalkar/patrick-geddes-theory