Combined Loading

Chapter Objectives
To analyze the stresses in thin-walled pressure

vessels.
To develop methods to analyze the stresses in
members subject to combined loadings (e.g., tension
or compression, shear, torsion, bending moments).
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
1. Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels
2. Review of Stress Analyses
In-class Activities
THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSELS
Assumptions:
1. Inner-radius-to-wall-thickness ratio 10
2. Stress distribution in thin wall is uniform or constant

Cylindrical vessels:

2
: stress al Longitudin
: direction Hoop
2
1
t
pr
t
pr
=
=
o
o
THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSELS (cont)
Spherical vessels:

2
2
t
pr
= o
EXAMPLE 1
A cylindrical pressure vessel has an inner diameter of 1.2 m
and a thickness of 12 mm. Determine the maximum internal
pressure it can sustain so that neither its circumferential nor
its longitudinal stress component exceeds 140 MPa. Under
the same conditions, what is the maximum internal pressure
that a similar-size spherical vessel can sustain?
EXAMPLE 1 (cont)

The stress in the longitudinal direction will be

The maximum stress in the radial direction occurs on the material at
the inner wall of the vessel and is

The maximum stress occurs in the circumferential direction.
Solutions
( )
(Ans) MPa 28 N/mm 8 . 2
12
600
140
2
1
= =
=
=
p
p
t
pr
o
( ) MPa 70 140
2
1
2
= = o
MPa 8 . 2
(max) 3
= = p o
EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
The maximum stress occurs in any two perpendicular directions on an
element of the vessel is
Solution
( )
( )
(Ans) MPa 5.6 N/mm 6 . 5
12 2
600
140
2
2
2
= =
=
=
p
p
t
pr
o
REVIEW OF STRESS ANALYSES
Normal force P leads to:

Shear force V leads to:

Bending moment M leads to:

A
P
stress normal uniform = o ,
It
VQ
on distributi stress shear = t ,
( ) | |
beam) curved (for or
beam) straight (for ,
y R Ae
My
I
My
on distributi stress al longitudin
=
=
o
o
REVIEW OF STRESS ANALYSES (cont)
Torsional moment T leads to:

Resultant stresses by superposition:
Once the normal and shear stress components for each
loading have been calculated, use the principal of
superposition to determine the resultant normal and shear
stress components.

( )
tube) walled - thin closed (for
2

shaft) circular (for ,
t A
T
J
T
on distributi stress shear
m
=
=
t
t
EXAMPLE 2
A force of 15 kN is applied to the edge of the member shown in
Fig. 83a. Neglect the weight of the member and determine the
state of stress at points B and C.
EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
For equilibrium at the section there must be an axial force of 15 000 N
acting through the centroid and a bending moment of 750 000 Nmm
about the centroidal or principal axis.

The maximum stress is

Solution
( )( )
MPa 75 . 3
40 100
15000
= = =
A
P
o
( )
( )( )
MPa 25 . 11
100 40
12
1
50 75000
3
max
= = =
I
Mc
o
EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
The location of the line of zero stress can be determined by proportional
triangles

Elements of material at B and C are subjected only to normal or uniaxial
stress.

Solution
( )
mm 3 . 33
100
15 75
=

=
x
x x
(Ans) on) (compressi MPa 15
(Ans) (tension) MPa 5 . 7
=
=
C
B
o
o
EXAMPLE 3
The tank in Fig. 84a has an inner radius of 600 mm and a
thickness of 12 mm. It is filled to the top with water having a
specific weight of
w
= 10 kNm
3
. If it is made of steel having a
specific weight of
st
= 78 kNm
3
, determine the state of stress at
point A. The tank is open at the top.
EXAMPLE 3 (cont)
The weight of the tank is

The pressure on the tank at level A is

For circumferential and longitudinal stress, we have
Solution
( ) kN 56 . 3 1
1000
600
1000
612
78
2 2
=
(
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = t t
st st st
V W
( )( ) kPa 10 1 10 = = = z p
w
( )
( )
( ) ( ) | |
(Ans) kPa 9 . 77
56 . 3
(Ans) kPa 500
10
2
1000
600
2
1000
612
2
1000
12
1000
600
1
=
= =
= = =
t
o
o
st
st
A
W
t
pr
EXAMPLE 4
The member shown in Fig. 85a has a rectangular cross
section. Determine the state of stress that the loading produced
at point C.
EXAMPLE 4 (cont)
The resultant internal loadings at the section consist of a normal force, a
shear force, and a bending moment.

Solving,
Solution
kN 89 . 32 kN, 21.93 kN, 45 . 16 = = = M V N
EXAMPLE 4 (cont)
The uniform normal-stress distribution acting over the cross section is
produced by the normal force.

At Point C,

In Fig. 85e, the shear stress is zero.
Solution
( )
( )( )
MPa 32 . 1
25 . 0 05 . 0
10 45 . 16
3
= = =
A
P
c
o
EXAMPLE 4 (cont)
Point C is located at y = c = 0.125m from the neutral axis, so the normal
stress at C, Fig. 85f, is
Solution
( ) ( )( )
( )( ) | |
MPa 16 . 63
25 . 0 05 . 0
125 . 0 10 89 . 32
3
2
1
3
= = =
I
Mc
c
o
EXAMPLE 4 (cont)
The shear stress is zero.

Adding the normal stresses determined above gives a compressive
stress at C having a value of
Solution
MPa 5 . 64 16 . 63 32 . 1 = + = =
I
Mc
c
o
EXAMPLE 5
The rectangular block of negligible weight in Fig. 86a is
subjected to a vertical force of 40 kN, which is applied to its
corner. Determine the largest normal stress acting on a section
through ABCD.
EXAMPLE 5 (cont)
For uniform normal-stress distribution the stress is

For 8 kN, the maximum stress is

For 16 kN, the maximum stress is

Solution
( )( )
kPa 125
4 . 0 8 . 0
40
= = =
A
P
o
( )
( )( ) | |
kPa 375
4 . 0 8 . 0
2 . 0 8
3
12
1
max
= = =
x
x x
I
c M
o
( )
( )( ) | |
kPa 375
8 . 0 4 . 0
4 . 0 16
3
12
1
max
= = =
y
x y
I
c M
o
EXAMPLE 5 (cont)
By inspection the normal stress at point C is the largest since each
loading creates a compressive stress there
Solution
(Ans) kPa 875 375 375 125 = =
c
o

Combined Loading

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Combined Loading

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Combined Loading

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are the assumptions made for thin-walled pressure vessels?

How are stresses in thin-walled pressure vessels calculated?

Chapter Objectives

To analyze the stresses in thin-walled pressure

You might also like