Texas Department of Insurance

Division of Workers Compensation

Safety Education and Training Programs
Asbestos Safety
HS93-003E (11-06)
Goal
This program provides information on asbestos exposure
hazards.
Objective
Employees will gain knowledge and demonstrate safe work
practices when handling asbestos containing material (ACM).
Regulations/Standards
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the
use and disposal of toxic substances in air, water, and on land.
(See 40 CFR 763.) The EPA regulates emissions from asbestos
mills and various manufacturing and fabricating operations
based on the National Emissions Standard for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (40 CFR 61 Subparts A & M).
The Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) sets
limits for worker exposure to haz-
ardous substances and materials.
Prevention of asbestos contamina-
tion in foods, drugs, and cosmetics
is the responsibility of the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA).
The use of asbestos in any consumer product including dry-
wall patching compounds, ceramic logs, and clothing is regu-
lated by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
The CPSC is also considering a ban on all nonessential prod-
uct uses that can result in the release of asbestos fbers.
Asbestos mining and milling operations are regulated by the
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). MSHA pro-
cedures cover asbestos containment once it is mined, and its
processing into workable fbers for construction and industry.
Background
Most new products do not contain asbestos as an ingredient.
However, enough ACM still remains to pose a potential health
hazard. In the past, asbestos has been used in over 3,000 com-
mercial products ranging from pipe insulation to clothing for
fre fghters. Commercial products have the potential to release
asbestos fbers into the environment if mishandled or misused.
The following are at risk for potential exposure:
mechanics working on older automotive clutch and brake
systems;
plumbers working on asbestos insulated pipe;
construction and demolition personnel working on building
materials containing asbestos; and
maintenance personnel working on freproofng insulation,
pipe insulation, spray-on acoustic insulation, textured wall
plaster, ceiling plaster, and vinyl foor tile, all of which may
contain asbestos.
Once ACM has been identifed, OSHA strictly regulates the
handling, the use of personal protective equipment, the use of
monitoring devices, and hazardous area postings.
Identification
Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral, composed of
fbrous mineral silicates. It is freproof and almost chemically
inert. These properties make it a valuable component in fre-
proofng insulation and as an inert, non-reactive ingredient in
many industrial processes.
Microscopic examination is required to determine the pres-
ence of asbestos in a material. ACM is often
found in several materials:
use of materialpipe insulation, freproofng
insulation, fbrous cement components, and
acoustical plasters;
age of materialif it was installed between
1920 and the late 1980s; and
appearance of materialpipe insulation, fre
proofng insulation that is a light tan, grey-
white or blue tinted off-white.
The only way to confrm the presence of
asbestos is in a licensed and certifed laboratory.
Always treat the suspected material as asbestos
until proven otherwise.
Health Concerns
Asbestos is most dangerous when the micro
fbers are disturbed by sawing, drilling, nailing,
cutting, bumping or tearing the asbestos-contain-
ing material. When disturbed, the fbers can travel
throughout an entire building in air ducts, under
doors, and down hallways and stairs. Asbestos
fbers continue to foat in the air for days following
a disturbance.
Inhaled microscopic fbers penetrate deeply into the lungs
where they remain lodged. The fbers will not dissolve and
cannot be expelled by normal physiological reaction. There
are no physical warning signs such as sneezing, coughing, or
itching from the inhalation of asbestos. The fbers are very
durable and will remain in the body.
It is generally agreed
that the asbestos fbers
change the basic cell
chemistry that may result
in asbestosis or cancer.
The diseases caused by
exposure may not surface
for twenty to forty years.
Asbestosis is a chronic
disease of the lungs that makes breathing progressively more
diffcult and can result in death. Mesothelioma is an incur-
able cancer found in the chest and abdominal membranes.
When working with asbestos exposure rates above the
permissible exposure limit, OSHA requires employers to
provide medical exams to establish a baseline. This data is
used to compare results from subsequent required annual ex-
ams. A doctor who specializes in occupational diseases must
give each exam. The exam includes three parts:
a work history obtained by questionnaire which examines
any background of lung disease, damage to lungs through
smoking, and/or previous work habits that may have
contributed to lung damage;
a general physical exam which concentrates on the lungs,
heart, and stomach to determine whether the employee
can work with asbestos; and
a breathing test Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) de-
termines if damage to the lungs currently exists and is the
frst indication of damage to healthy lungs.
Asbestos Removal
The EPA is encouraging states to adopt licensing regu-
lations and training programs for asbestos abatement. A
revised licensing program has been in effect in Texas since
1992. This program includes standardized training courses
on technical knowledge of asbestos, abatement practices,
and abatement monitoring. Regular retraining is required.
Special precautions should be taken when working with
asbestos:
do not disturb any material that may contain asbestos un-
less absolutely necessary;
treat any suspicious material as if it contains asbestos;
if removal of fri-
able materials is
essential, do so
before demolition
or renovation;
enclose the work
area with plastic
sheeting and duct
tape;
always wear a
National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) approved
respirator and protective clothing which includes cover-
alls, gloves, hats, boots, and a mask;
airborne asbestos fbers can be prevented by moistening the
material with a hand sprayer;
combining a low-sudsing detergent with the water improves
fber saturation and makes cleanup easier and
safer;
remove the material in complete pieces if
possible, as smaller pieces are more likely to
release asbestos fbers;
thoroughly clean the area with wet mops,
sponges, or rags after removal;
repeat the procedure; and
do not vacuum as the fbers can pass through
normal vacuum cleaning flters.
Disposal and Transportation
Disposal of asbestos products must be in accordance with EPA
regulations. The materials must be placed in plastic bags and
enclosed in sturdy, leakproof containers. The containers must be
properly labeled. The personal protective equipment and clean-
ing supplies should also be properly disposed of immediately
after use.
A custody form passes from the ACM originator to the
transporter and fnally to the person receiving the wastes at the
disposal site.
EPA transportation regulations state that there should be no
visible emissions of the asbestos wastes. EPA recommends
vehicles transporting ACM to have enclosed compartments or
canvas covers.
The landfll operator must be notifed of any load containing
asbestos wastes and must inspect the load to ensure the wastes
are in leakproof containers and properly labeled. He is also
responsible for notifying EPA of any suspected fber releases dur-
ing disposal. The landfll site must have a designated area and
trench for disposing of asbestos wastes. EPA regulations state
that there must be no visible dust emissions from the site during
disposal. Once deposited in a designated area, at least six inches
of non-asbestos material must be placed over the waste within
24 hours of disposal.
When closing an asbestos waste site, a 30 inch cover of non-
asbestos material must be placed on top of the existing six inch
cover. Erosion prevention measures, like proper grading and
vegetation, must also be added.
Review
1. What qualities make asbestos preferable to use?
A. Fireproof
B. Color
C. Almost chemically inert
D. Both A & C
2. When is asbestos especially dangerous?
A. When mixed in a solution
B. When it is airborne
C. When it is locked inside of a solid
Safety Violations Hotline
1-800-452-9595
[email protected]
The Texas Department of Insurance,
Division of Workers Compensation (TDI/DWC)
E-mail [email protected]
or call 1-800-687-7080 for more information.
Resources
The Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers
Compensation (TDI/DWC) Resource Center offers a workers
health and safety video tape library. Call (512) 804-4620 for
more information or visit our web site at www.tdi.state.tx.us.
Disclaimer: Information contained in this training program is
considered accurate at time of publication.
D. None of the above
3. What are the adverse health effects of asbestos?
A. Asbestosis
B. Mesothelioma
C. Other cancers
D. All of the above
4. What personal protective equipment should be worn
when working with asbestos?
A. NIOSH approved respirator and protective clothing
B. No personal protective equipment is needed
C. Surgical mask and coveralls
D. Safety glasses, hard hat, and steel toe shoes
Review Answers
ANS: 1.D; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A