A Delhi court has convicted Sher Singh Rana for the murder of Samajwadi Party MP Phoolan Devi, who was gunned down in 2001 in New Delhi. Rana has been convicted under Section 302 and Section 307 of the Indian Penal Code and the court will pronounce the quantum of sentence on August 12.
Rana however has been acquitted of perjury, Arms Act and criminal conspiracy. Ten others charged in the case have also been acquitted.
Sher Singh Rana killed Phoolan Devi to avenge the 1981 Behmai massacre in 2001. He surrendered before the police after the crime. However, in 2004, he fled from Delhi's Tihar Jail and reached Kandahar in Afghanistan from where he bought the relics of Rajput king Prithviraj Chauhan.
In 2006, he was arrested from Kolkata and brought back to New Delhi.
Phoolan Devi was Samajwadi Party MP from Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh and was shot dead around 1.30 pm on July 25, 2001. She was killed at the gate of her official residence at 44, Ashoka Road, in the highly secured New Delhi district. Sher Singh Rana, along with 11 others, allegedly conspired and killed Phoolan to avenge the 1981 Behmai massacre.
During the trial, the court recorded the testimony of 171 prosecution witnesses. Investigations suffered a major setback when Rana managed to flee from Tihar Jail on February 17, 2004. He was finally nabbed on April, 2006 by the Special Cell team in Kolkata and was brought to Delhi. Out of the 12 accused chargesheeted for Phoolan's murder by the Crime Branch, Keshav Chauhan, Amit Rathi and Praveen Mittal were granted bail in 2009. One of them named Pradeep died of heart attack in Tihar Jail in November 2013.
A Delhi court has convicted Sher Singh Rana for the murder of Samajwadi Party MP Phoolan Devi, who was gunned down in 2001 in New Delhi. Rana has been convicted under Section 302 and Section 307 of the Indian Penal Code and the court will pronounce the quantum of sentence on August 12.
Rana however has been acquitted of perjury, Arms Act and criminal conspiracy. Ten others charged in the case have also been acquitted.
Sher Singh Rana killed Phoolan Devi to avenge the 1981 Behmai massacre in 2001. He surrendered before the police after the crime. However, in 2004, he fled from Delhi's Tihar Jail and reached Kandahar in Afghanistan from where he bought the relics of Rajput king Prithviraj Chauhan.
In 2006, he was arrested from Kolkata and brought back to New Delhi.
Phoolan Devi was Samajwadi Party MP from Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh and was shot dead around 1.30 pm on July 25, 2001. She was killed at the gate of her official residence at 44, Ashoka Road, in the highly secured New Delhi district. Sher Singh Rana, along with 11 others, allegedly conspired and killed Phoolan to avenge the 1981 Behmai massacre.
During the trial, the court recorded the testimony of 171 prosecution witnesses. Investigations suffered a major setback when Rana managed to flee from Tihar Jail on February 17, 2004. He was finally nabbed on April, 2006 by the Special Cell team in Kolkata and was brought to Delhi. Out of the 12 accused chargesheeted for Phoolan's murder by the Crime Branch, Keshav Chauhan, Amit Rathi and Praveen Mittal were granted bail in 2009. One of them named Pradeep died of heart attack in Tihar Jail in November 2013.
A Delhi court has convicted Sher Singh Rana for the murder of Samajwadi Party MP Phoolan Devi, who was gunned down in 2001 in New Delhi. Rana has been convicted under Section 302 and Section 307 of the Indian Penal Code and the court will pronounce the quantum of sentence on August 12.
Rana however has been acquitted of perjury, Arms Act and criminal conspiracy. Ten others charged in the case have also been acquitted.
Sher Singh Rana killed Phoolan Devi to avenge the 1981 Behmai massacre in 2001. He surrendered before the police after the crime. However, in 2004, he fled from Delhi's Tihar Jail and reached Kandahar in Afghanistan from where he bought the relics of Rajput king Prithviraj Chauhan.
In 2006, he was arrested from Kolkata and brought back to New Delhi.
Phoolan Devi was Samajwadi Party MP from Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh and was shot dead around 1.30 pm on July 25, 2001. She was killed at the gate of her official residence at 44, Ashoka Road, in the highly secured New Delhi district. Sher Singh Rana, along with 11 others, allegedly conspired and killed Phoolan to avenge the 1981 Behmai massacre.
During the trial, the court recorded the testimony of 171 prosecution witnesses. Investigations suffered a major setback when Rana managed to flee from Tihar Jail on February 17, 2004. He was finally nabbed on April, 2006 by the Special Cell team in Kolkata and was brought to Delhi. Out of the 12 accused chargesheeted for Phoolan's murder by the Crime Branch, Keshav Chauhan, Amit Rathi and Praveen Mittal were granted bail in 2009. One of them named Pradeep died of heart attack in Tihar Jail in November 2013.
A Delhi court has convicted Sher Singh Rana for the murder of Samajwadi Party MP Phoolan Devi, who was gunned down in 2001 in New Delhi. Rana has been convicted under Section 302 and Section 307 of the Indian Penal Code and the court will pronounce the quantum of sentence on August 12.
Rana however has been acquitted of perjury, Arms Act and criminal conspiracy. Ten others charged in the case have also been acquitted.
Sher Singh Rana killed Phoolan Devi to avenge the 1981 Behmai massacre in 2001. He surrendered before the police after the crime. However, in 2004, he fled from Delhi's Tihar Jail and reached Kandahar in Afghanistan from where he bought the relics of Rajput king Prithviraj Chauhan.
In 2006, he was arrested from Kolkata and brought back to New Delhi.
Phoolan Devi was Samajwadi Party MP from Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh and was shot dead around 1.30 pm on July 25, 2001. She was killed at the gate of her official residence at 44, Ashoka Road, in the highly secured New Delhi district. Sher Singh Rana, along with 11 others, allegedly conspired and killed Phoolan to avenge the 1981 Behmai massacre.
During the trial, the court recorded the testimony of 171 prosecution witnesses. Investigations suffered a major setback when Rana managed to flee from Tihar Jail on February 17, 2004. He was finally nabbed on April, 2006 by the Special Cell team in Kolkata and was brought to Delhi. Out of the 12 accused chargesheeted for Phoolan's murder by the Crime Branch, Keshav Chauhan, Amit Rathi and Praveen Mittal were granted bail in 2009. One of them named Pradeep died of heart attack in Tihar Jail in November 2013.
10. S(a)1a% @0+a) /A'>0#!!e-3 S6o C(a%-e) B(0s(a% R6o 9#$$. N#1a)#, PS ?a;-oo+ P0), D#s!!. Ja(a%aAa-, B#(a) 11. @es(a< C(a0(a% /A'>0#!!e-3 S6o Ha)# C(a)a% C(a0(a% R6o 9#$$a&e B#&a(#, PO Do+a% P0) PS C(a0)#, D#s!!. Sa%! Ra<# Dass Na&a) UP 12. Pa)-eeB S#%&( /s#%'e eCB#)e-3 S6o ?o!1a) S#%&( R6o D0%; Pa!!# As1a$ Sa20% D#s!!. Pa0)# =a)(1a$ U!!)a%'(a$ APPEARANCES P)ese%! * S(. S.@. SaCe%a, L-. SBe'#a$ PP "o) !(e S!a!e a$o%&1#!( ?s. ?a%#s(a S(a)+a, A-<o'a!e. S(. ?0;es( @a$#a, L-. Co0%se$ "o) a''0se- S(e) S#%&( Ra%a, Ra4A#) S#%&(, @es(a< C(a0(a% a%- 9#4a2 S#%&( Ra%a. S(. Ra;es( 9a!s, L-. Co0%se$ "o) a''0se- S(e;(a) S#%&(, Pa)<ee% ?#!!a$, A+#! Ra!(# a%- S(a)1a% @0+a). ?s. S0+#!a @aB#$, A+#'0s C0)#ae "o) a''0se- Ra4e%-e) S#%&(. S(. B.@. @0$s()es(!(a, L-. Co0%se$ "o) a''0se- D(a% Pa);as( a%- S0)e%-e) S#%&( Ne&# State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 3 of 217 J U D =?E N T 1. Briefly stated the case of prosecution as unfolded by the report u/s 173 r.!.. is as under" 2. #n 25.07.01 at about 1.30 !$ the then $e%ber of !arlia%ent &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as shot dead *ust outside the %ain +ate of her house i.e. 44 ,sho-a .oad by t)o assailants. /er !&# !0173 t. Balender )as also shot at but fortunately he sur(i(ed the bullet in*uries. 3. t. Balender ho)e(er sho)ed coura+e and retaliated by firin+ fro% his ser(ice re(ol(er to)ards the assailants )ho in the %eanti%e had fled a)ay fro% the spot in a )aitin+ +reen colour $aruti ar 2o. 3$1907. #ne of the bullet e(en hit the rear +lass of the $aruti ar. 4he assailants also returned fire fro% the ar and in the process also %ana+ed to flee a)ay. 4. 4he sister of &%t. &%t. !hoolan 'e(i na%ely !01104 $unni 'e(i5 personal staff of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and !0117 6%a 7ashyap a (isitor to the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i on that day helped in re%o(in+ both &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and her !&# t. Balender to .$8 hospital after +ettin+ a passin+ by %aruti (an belon+in+ to !01164 .a*neesh &har%a stopped. 3n the %eanti%e (arious %essa+es about the shoot out )ere recei(ed at police control roo% )hich initially stated that so%e shoot out incident has ta-en place at ,sho-a .oad or that so%e lady has been shot. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 4 of 217 5. #ne chance )itness na%ely5 !01129 9inod 9ish)anath5 a scooterist also infor%ed !0124 ,&3 &hri 7rishan )ho )as on 4raffic ontrol duty at near :ol 'a- 7hana that the assailants )ho had fired at near 445 ,sho-a .oad ha(e left their ar near !andit !ant $ar+ bet)een 7othi 2o. 12 and 14 and had thereafter run a)ay in a 4&. bearin+ 2o. '81 3.1;10235. 4he said %essa+e )as also con(eyed to police control roo%. ,&3 &hri 7rishan in the %eanti%e )ent near !andit !ant $ar+ and sa) one +reen colour $aruti ar 2o. 3$1907 par-ed o(er there )ith dar- )indo) panes. /e also sent %essa+es in this re+ard to the police control roo%. 6. !0113 ,&3 &atish <oshi of !& $andir $ar+ )ho )as also on duty in the nearby area of :ol 'a- 7hana )as also infor%ed by one boy that 3 persons )ho had shot at a lady at ,sho-a .oad5 after lea(in+ their ar5 had run a)ay in a 4&. fro% !andit !ant $ar+ to)ards 7rishi Bha)an. ,&3 &atish <oshi also thus )ent near the car and he too sent %essa+es in this re+ard to the police control roo%. 3n the %eanti%e !01 167 3nsp. :.8. $ehta5 &/# !& parlia%ent street also reached the spot. &ince a $e%ber of !arlia%ent )as shot at so a lot of hue and cry )as raised and nu%ber of senior police officers also rushed to the spot. 3nsp. :.8. $ehta after %a-in+ initial in=uiry recorded state%ent >in /indi? of one eye )itness na%ely5 !0152 7ali haran )ho )as )or-in+ as personal staff of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 3 a% ho)e(er reproducin+ here under the @n+lish translation of said state%ent of 7ali haran as has been %entioned in the char+e sheet filed by the police since the contents of the said state%ent are +oin+ to be (ery rele(ant )hile appreciatin+ the nature of e(idence led by the police a+ainst (arious accused persons. 4he said State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 5 of 217 @n+lish translation of the state%ent of 7ali haran as is %entioned in the char+e sheet reads as follo)s" I am residing at the above given address and am associated with Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi, MP Lok Sabha since 1997. I look ater the work o the oice at !! "shoka #oad alongwith S. $.M. Dass, Personal Secretar%. &oda% morning Smt. 'ma (ash%a) alongwith her h*sband and driver Panka+ reached here at abo*t 1, "M b% -ar. "ll three o them walked in, while the -ar remained )arked o*tside the ho*se. Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi was cooking something in the kitchen. Seeing Smt. (ash%a), she came o*t, met them and took Smt. (ash%a) inside the ho*se. &he h*sband o Smt. (ash%a) and Panka+ sat with me in m% oice. Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi, Member o Parliament, asked me to call or a mini b*s rom )arliament ho*se. I made a call and aro*nd 11 "M, a mini b*s rom Parliament .o*se, came to the ho*se b*t b% that time Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi was not read%, as s*ch, the mini b*s was sent back. "ter some time Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi let or Parliament in the -ar bro*ght b% Smt. 'ma (ash%a). "t that time PS/ to Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi -ost. 0alender Singh was with her and Panka+ was driving the -ar. 1ivek, M*nni Devi 2sister o Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi3, Shiv 4arain -ook, 'ma (ash%a), her h*sband, #am -hander (ahs%a) 25ok*l P*ri, Delhi3 and two )ersons rom the -onstit*enc% o Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi were )resent in the ho*se. It was aro*nd 1.6781.9,PM, when I had inished m% meal and ater drinking water I came o*t rom the oice side. I saw that the PS/ to Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi was o)ening the gate and Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi was standing o*tside. In the meantime two men aged abo*t 6789, %rs height abo*t 7: 7;, air com)le<ion, wearing +ean and one was wearing )rinted shirt and the other who was wearing dark colo*red )ant started iring at Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi. &he b*llets hit the head and breast o Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi and b*llets hit the PS/ also. I ran towards the gate and saw those two r*nning and esca)ing in a dark green colo*red Mar*ti -ar. &he PS/ also ired shots at the -ar b*t the -ar s)ed awa% towards 5ole Dak (hana. I alongwith State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 6 of 217 other inmates o the ho*se got b*s% in taking care o Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi and inormed the )olice at 1,, n*mber rom the oice. PS/ in his in+*red condition also ollowed me to oice. &hen I sent in+*red Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi and the PS/ to the .os)ital in a Mar*ti 1an sto))ed b% the members o the amil%. I can identi% these )ersons i the% are bro*ght beore me. &he man b% the name o Panka+ who had alread% come to the ho*se two three times with Smt. 'ma (ash%a) whom I know ver% well is missing since then with his vehicle. 4ow I have come to know that Smt. Smt. Phoolan Devi has died.; 2em)hasis s*))lied3 7. 3nsp. :.8. $ehta accordin+ly %ade his endorse%ent on the basis of said state%ent of 7ali haran and +ot a case re+istered at !& !arlia%ent &treet. 4he subse=uent in(esti+ation )as ho)e(er transferred to the ri%e Branch by the orders of &r. #fficers of police. !01170 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi- of ri%e Branch )as thus entrusted )ith the subse=uent in(esti+ation. 3n the %eanti%e &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as declared brou+ht dead by the doctors at .$8 hospital and they found around 10 fire ar% in*uries on her person. 4he condition of !&# t. Balender )as also stated to be critical. 4he 'octors collected the clothes of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )hich )ere on her body besides other *e)ellary articles and sealed the% in different pullandas )ith the seal of .$8 hospital. 4he blood stained clothes of t. Balender )ere also ta-en into possession by the 'octors and )ere sealed in different pullandas )ith the seal of .$8 hospital. #ne ser(ice pistol of t. Balender )ith 8 li(e cartrid+es in %a+aAine )as also ta-en into possession. 4he doctors reco(ered about 5 bullets fro% the body and clothes of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and one bullet )as reco(ered fro% the body of t. Balender. 4he bullets )ere also collected and sealed in different State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 7 of 217 pullandas. 8. 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi- in the %eanti%e inspected the place of incident and found a lar+e =uantity of blood lyin+ around it. 4)o s%all bone pieces5 one blood soa-ed dupatta and so%e e%pty cartrid+es )ere also found around the place beside one bullet lead. 4he cri%e tea% also reached the spot and inspected and too- photo+raphs of the place of incident. 4he car used by the assailants i.e. 3$1907 )hich )as found abandoned at !andit !ant $ar+ )as also inspected. #n the rear seat of the ar t)o %on-ey caps5 one %aroon and other dar- +reen colour )ere lyin+ besides t)o re(ol(ers and t)el(e >12? li(e cartrid+es. 4)o bullet leads )ere also found in the rear left door of the car. #ne suitcase )ith so%e clothes )as also found inside the ar. 4hou+h the fin+er print eBperts fro% ;&8 lab B3 )ere able to lift 6 chance prints fro% the ar and especially fro% the rear (ie) %irror at the spot itself but due to bad )eather and lac- of electricity the ar )as ta-en to the office of '! 2e) 'elhi on the ad(ise of fin+er print eBperts fro% ;&8 $al(iya 2a+ar. 4he car )as dri(en by !01162 &3 &an*ee( $andal fro% the spot to the office co%pound of '!5 2e) 'elhi. 6pon chec-in+ the t)o re(ol(ers reco(ered fro% inside the ar5 three li(e cartrid+es and three fired cartrid+es )ere reco(ered fro% one re(ol(er on )hich )ords C0@B8@D E , 84' )ere )ritten and siB e%pty cartrid+es )ere reco(ered fro% the second re(ol(er on )hich )ords C$,'@ 32 328@2'F and C$,'@ 32 32'8@2F )ere )ritten. 12 li(e cartrid+es )ere also reco(ered fro% inside the ar. ,fter preparin+ the s-etch of the said re(ol(er and cartrid+es so reco(ered they )ere ta-en into possession after sealin+ the% into different pulandas by 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi-. 3 chance fin+er prints )ere also reco(ered fro% each of the t)o State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 8 of 217 re(ol(ers. 9. &ubse=uently so%e other passerby also infor%ed 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi- that the 3 boys had run a)ay in a 4&. 2o. '811.;10235. 4he char+e sheet further states that durin+ the course of further in(esti+ation5 identity of one of the assailants )as established as &her &in+h .ana G &heru G !an-a* and that ar 2o. 3$1907 belon+ed to &her &in+h .ana only and that he had co%e to the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i alon+)ith !0117 6%a 7ashyap and her husband !0118 9i*ay 7ashyap in the said car no. 3$1907 fro% .oor-ee to 'elhi on the %ornin+ of 25.07.2001. #ne police tea% headed by !01113 3nsp. .an &in+h )as accordin+ly sent to .oor-ee to apprehend accused &her &in+h .ana and in the %eanti%e &3 $ano* 7u%ar )as deputed to trace out 4&. 2o. '8 1.; 0235. !01114 Bahadur &hah )as found to be dri(in+ the said 4&. )hen the said three boys sat in his 4&. and )ho had thereafter +ot do)n after tra(ellin+ to so%e distance in his 4&. and e(en did not pay fare to hi%. 10. &ubse=uently on 27.07.01 it )as reported in the %edia and )hich fact )as later on confir%ed by the 6ttranchal police also that accused &her &in+h .ana )ho )as )anted in the present case has been arrested in !& 'alan)ala5 'ehradun after he had addressed a !ress onference in 'oon !ress lub5 'ehradun and had confessed that he alon+)ith one .a*ender G .a(inder had shot at &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender. ,ccordin+ly 3nsp. .an &in+h )ho )as already present in the area reached police station 'allan)ala and arrested accused &her &in+h .ana and )hile -eepin+ his face %uffled he )as brou+ht to 'elhi. ,ccused &her &in+h .ana thereafter %ade a disclosure state%ent )hich )as State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 9 of 217 reduced into )ritin+. >&he contents o the said disclos*re statement were however later on o*nd to be not correct. .e had stated abo*t one #a+ender = #avinder being also involved in the shooting incident b*t said #a+ender = #avinder was later on o*nd to be lodged in .aridwar +ail on the da% o incident?. #n 28.07.01 he )as produced in the ourts at 'elhi and his 10 days police custody re%and )as ta-en. /o)e(er accused &her &in+h .ana thereafter a+ain %ade a disclosure state%ent and therein he spilled the beans of the entire contro(ersy so conspired by hi% and his other associates. /e disclosed about the in(ol(e%ent of one .a*bir5 &he-har5 'han !ar-ash5 !ar(een $ittal5 ,%it .athi5 9i*ay &in+h5 .a*ender5 &urender5 &har)an 7u%ar and !ardeep in the conspiracy. 11. &ubse=uently on 30.07.01 .a*ender &in+h G .a(inder &/o &hri $ohinder &in+h 5 &he-har &in+h &/o .a*pal &in+h and .a*bir &in+h &/o &hri <a+at &in+h )ere arrested by the police of &aharanpur5 6! )hile they )ere approachin+ the ourt o%pleB &aharanpur for surrender. ,t their instance one )hite $aruti ar 2o. 6! 14B 7559 )as also reco(ered. &iB chance fin+er prints )ere also lifted fro% the car. 3t )as disclosed by the accused persons that the said ar )as bein+ dri(en by accused .a*bir &in+h at the ti%e of incident i.e. )hen &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as shot dead and the said ar )as to be used as a bac-up ar so that the other co1 accused persons could flee a)ay in it after the co%%ission of offence. Besides accused &her &in+h .ana )ho had fired at &%t. !hoolan 'e(i5 accused 'han !ar-ash )as found to be the other assailant )ho had fired at t. Balender and accused &he-har )as the third person )ho )as dri(in+ ar 2o. 3$1907 in )hich the t)o assailants fled a)ay fro% the spot. 3t also ca%e to the -no)led+e of police that accused .a*ender G State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 10 of 217 .a(inder at the ti%e of incident )as infact lod+ed in *ail in /arid)ar in an @Bcise ,ct case and infact a (ery deep rooted conspiracy )as planned to create e(idence so as to pro(ide a false plea of alibi for the accused persons by sho)in+ the% to be in *ail at the ti%e of incident. 12. 3t )as also found that it is for this reason only that accused &her &in+h .ana clai%ed in his press conference at C'oon !ress lubF that in the incident in =uestion one .a*ender )as his associate so that later on durin+ the course of trial the clai% of police could be falsified by sho)in+ that accused .a*ender )as lod+ed in *ail as on the date of incident. 'urin+ subse=uent in(esti+ation it )as also found that accused &her &in+h .ana had also created false e(idence by +ettin+ one of his e%ployee &har)an 7u%ar lod+ed in *ail in his na%e as &her &in+h .ana in one already pendin+ case a+ainst hi% under @Bcise ,ct at /arid)ar. 4he sole intention )as a+ain to create a false plea of alibi to sho) that &her &in+h .ana hi%self )as also lod+ed in *ail at the ti%e of incident. ,s a part of the said conspiracy both accused &har)an 7u%ar )ho )as in *ail )hile i%personatin+ hi%self as &her &in+h .ana and .a*ender )ere +ot bailed out on 26.07.01 i.e. one day after the incident too- place. 4he char+e sheet further states that durin+ the course of subse=uent in(esti+ation it also ca%e to li+ht that one old friend of accused &her &in+h .ana na%ely !ar(een $ittal )ho )as a practicin+ ,d(ocate at .oor-ee ourt )as also an acti(e %e%ber of the conspiracy. 3t )as accused !ar(een $ittal )ho +a(e all such ad(ise of creatin+ false plea of alibi to accused &her &in+h .ana and his associates so that they %ay escape punish%ent fro% the ourt of la). 3t also ca%e to li+ht that at the as-in+ of accused &her &in+h .ana accused !ar(een $ittal had %ade a(ailable one State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 11 of 217 re(ol(er labelled C$,'@ 32 328@2'F to hi% -no)in+ fully )ell that the sa%e is +oin+ to be used in co%%ittin+ %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 13. ,s re+ards the %oti(e to co%%it the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i it ca%e to the -no)led+e of police that accused &her &in+h .ana )as an a%bitious person ri+ht fro% his colle+e days. &her &in+h .ana belon+ed to 4ha-ur co%%unity )hich )as a+ainst &%t. !hoolan 'e(i as she had -illed 22 4ha-urs in the ill1fa%ous CBeh%ai -illin+F. ,ccused &her &in+h .ana thus )anted to a(en+e the said %assacre of 4ha-urs by &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and in the process )anted to beco%e a self proclai%ed leader of 4ha-ur co%%unity and to also earn fa%e and %oney by short cut %ethods. /e also assured the other conspirators that once he establishes hi%self in the political arena then he )ill help the% in their li(es. 3t also ca%e to the -no)led+e of police that the said conspiracy )hich )as pri%arily in the %ind of accused &her &in+h .ana )as bein+ hatched by hi% o(er a lon+ period of ti%e and in order to arran+e finance for it he alon+)ith other associates co%%itted t)o acts of robbery in the year 2000 and 2001 )herein .s. 10 lacs and .s. 15 lacs respecti(ely )ere looted fro% t)o ban-s. 3t )as also found that fro% the said looted a%ount accused &her &in+h .ana +ot a country li=uour (end alloted in the na%e of one of his friend !0162 !an-a* 7alra so that %ore %oney could be +enerated in order to eBecute the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. !olice also ca%e to -no) that accused &her &in+h .ana had initially de(eloped close relations )ith &%t. !hoolan 'e(i by (isitin+ her house fre=uently )ith one 6%a 7ashyap and her husband 9i*ay 7ahsyap. 6%a 7ashyap )as a social )or-er fro% /arid)ar area and )as a )or-er of C@-la(ya &enaF a party floated by &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 3t also ca%e to the -no)led+e of police State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 12 of 217 that prior to house no. 445 ,sho-a .oad &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as residin+ at hitran*an !ar- and e(en there accused &her &in+h .ana had carried out a sur(ey of the area by stayin+ in one C,%antaran +uest houseF near the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i but did not find the ti%e and place to be suitable to co%%it her %urder. 14. 4he char+e sheet further states that the subse=uent in(esti+ation also sho)ed that yet one other re(ol(er )as purchased by accused &her &in+h .ana fro% one ,%it .athi )ho )as the o)ner of C&ubhash :un /ouseF in .oor-ee and )as an old friend of accused &her &in+h .ana. 8ater5 on the ad(ise of accused !ar(een $ittal5 accused &her &in+h .ana )ith the help of ,%it .athi also +ot the +roo(es of the re(ol(ers ta%pered )ith so that later on )hen the re(ol(ers are reco(ered than the sa%e could not be co1related )ith the fired bullets. 3t also ca%e to the notice of police that the youn+er brother of accused &her &in+h .ana na%ely 9i*ay &in+h G .a*u )as assi+ned the role of +ettin+ &har)an 7u%ar and .a*ender )ho )ere lod+ed in *ail5 bailed out by furnishin+ fa-e sureties and false docu%ents. /e )as also told to flee a)ay alon+)ith other fa%ily %e%bers soon after the incident and )hich role he actually played soon after the incident. 4he police also found that in order to eBecute the plan accused &her &in+h .ana had also arran+ed a %obile phone no. 9837237160 and had also chec-ed on 24.07.01 that &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as a(ailable at her house since the !arlia%ent )as in session durin+ those days. /e had accordin+ly re=uested 6%a 7ashyap and her husband 9i*ay 7ashyap to co%e to 'elhi alon+)ith hi% to the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and had accordin+ly ta-en the% in his ar 2o. C3$1907F on that day fro% .oor-ee to 'elhi. /is three other co1 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 13 of 217 conspirators &he-har &in+h5 .a*bir &in+h and 'han !ar-ash )ere tra(ellin+ in one other )hite $aruti ar nu%ber 6!114B17559. !rior to it accused &her &in+h .ana had also purchased t)o country %ade pistols )ith li(e cartrid+es fro% one %ust-ee%. 15. 4hus on 25.07.2001 )hile &her &in+h .ana hi%self )as carryin+ %obile phone nu%ber 9837237160 another %obile phone 2o. 9837222779 )as )ith accused .a*bir )ho )as tra(ellin+ )ith &he-har and 'han !ar-ash in the other )hite $aruti ar. $obile !hone no. 9837222779 belon+ed to !013 7o(id Batra a friend of accused &her &in+h .ana and fro% )ho% the %obile phone )as borro)ed by 9i*ay &in+h G .a*u5 the youn+er brother of accused &her &in+h .ana. 4hus accused &her &in+h .ana )as in constant touch )ith the occupants of the other ar on his )ay fro% .oor-ee to 'elhi. /o)e(er at :aAiabad accused &her &in+h .ana and .a*bir chan+ed their &3$ cards and accused &her &in+h .ana started usin+ no. 9811374806 and accused .a*bir started usin+ no. 9811374810. 4he said t)o &3$& )ere +ot arran+ed throu+h &he-har &in+h )ho purchased the% in 'elhi. 16. ,fter reachin+ the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i accused &her &in+h .ana )ho )as a re+ular (isitor to her house and )as also )ell -no)n to the fa%ily %e%bers and personal staff of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as as-ed by &%t. !hoolan 'e(i to drop her at !arlia%ent house as her o)n ar )as not a(ailable )ith her on that day. ,ccordin+ly after droppin+ &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and her !&# outside the +ate of !arlia%ent /ouse accused &her &in+h .ana returned bac- and alon+)ith accused 'han !ar-ash and &he-har and started )aitin+ for the return of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )hile State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 14 of 217 sittin+ in his ar no. 3$1907 par-ed on the road outside the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 0hen at about 1.30 ,$ &%t. !hoolan 'e(i alon+)ith her !&# returned in the ar of one other $e%ber of !arlia%ent and )hen after +ettin+ do)n fro% the ar outside her house )as in the process of enterin+ inside her house than both accused &her &in+h .ana and 'han !ar-ash started firin+ to)ards the%. 3n the %eanti%e accused &he-har reached near the +ate )ith ar 2o. 3$1907 and all three fled a)ay in it. 17. /o)e(er for so%e reason accused .a*bir )ho )as to pro(ide bac- up in the other 0hite $aruti ar could not follo) ar 2o. 3$1907 and thus the three persons had to flee a)ay in a 4&. 2o. '811.;10235 of !01114 Bahadur &hah after lea(in+ their ar on !andit !ant $ar+. #n the )ay )hile accused &he-har +ot do)n fro% the 4&. at near $andi /ouse accused &her &in+h .ana and 'han !ar-ash also left the 4&. after so%e further distance and boarded a bus and thereafter )ent separately. 0hile accused &he-har left for so%e un-no)n place5 accused &her &in+h .ana in the %eanti%e reached :haAiabad and on the )ay he contacted accused .a*bir &in+h on his %obile phone and told hi% to %eet hi% at :haAiabad. 18. 8ater on accused &he-har &in+h also contacted accused &her &in+h .ana on his %obile phone fro% a !# in $eerut and he )as also accordin+ly pic-ed up by the% fro% near $eerut by1pass in the said $aruti ar bein+ dri(en by .a*bir &in+h. ,ll three first )ent to /arid)ar and stayed at hotel C!ra%ilaF )here accused &her &in+h .ana %ade an entry in the na%e of ,noop &in+h in the re+ister of the hotel. 3n the %eanti%e accused !ardeep stood surety for &har)an 7u%ar in the ourt at /arid)ar i%personatin+ as 9i*ay &in+h and also furnished false State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 15 of 217 docu%ents of &cooter 2o. 6! 10, 9630. #ne &urender &in+h and .a*bir &in+h ho)e(er stood surety for accused .a*ender )hile i%personatin+ as 9irender :iri and &he-har &in+h and also furnished false docu%ents of &cooter 2o. 6! 10B 9577 and 6! 10 B 3007 respecti(ely. #n the ni+ht of 26.07.01 accused &her &in+h .ana5 .a*bir &in+h5 .a*ender and &he-har &in+h stayed at hotel C:an+a 9ie)F at .ishi-esh .oad5 /arid)ar and entries in the re+isters of the hotels )ere %ade by &he-har &in+h. 4hereafter on 27.07.01 they all reached 'ehradun and )here accused &her &in+h .ana addressed a !ress onference at C'oon !ress lubF confessin+ his role in the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. /e further stated in the !ress onference that one .a*ender G .a(inder )as the other assailant )ith hi% )ho had fired on t. Balender. 3t )as soon after the !ress onference that the police of !& 'allan)ala arrested hi% *ust outside the !ress lub. 19. 4he char+e sheet further states that in the %eanti%e on 30.07.01 !01160 6%ed &in+h husband of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i infor%ed 3# 3nspector &uresh 7aushi- in )ritin+ that t)o country %ade pistols )ere lyin+ in the +ara+e of house no. 445 ,sho-a .oad. /e further stated that he )as told about the said 7attas by !01127 .a% hander 7ashyap )ho in turn )as told about it by !01141 .an*it 7u%ar )ho had seen the said t)o country %ade pistols lyin+ in the +ara+e. /o)e(er it )as re(ealed that one 7esha( hauhan a (isitor to the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i had pic-ed up the said pistols fro% the spot soon after the incident. 4he said t)o -attas )ere also ta-en into possession by the police fro% inside the +ara+e. 4hereafter on 07.08.01 accused &her &in+h .ana )as arrayed for 43! but he refused to participate therein. 3n the %eanti%e accused ,%it State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 16 of 217 .athi5 !ar(een $ittal and 7esha( hauhan also ca%e to be arrested on 02.08.01. ,ccused 'han !ar-ash )as ho)e(er arrested fro% .oor-ee on 04.08.01 by 3nsp. 7.!. &in+h and he also refused to participate in 43! )hen produced in the ourts at 'elhi on 05.08.01. 4hereafter on 08.08.01 accused !ardeep &in+h and &urender &in+h )ere also arrested at !& &ha%pur5 /arid)ar and accused 9i*ay G .a*u )as arrested on 10.08.01. ,ccused &har)an 7u%ar ho)e(er could not be arrested and )as accordin+ly +ot declared a proclai%ed offender. 4he char+e sheet further states that in the %ean ti%e the identity of accused &her &in+h .ana5 .a*bir5 'han !ar-ash and &he-har &in+h )as +ot established by )ay of photo 43! fro% t. Balender and 4&. dri(er Bahadur &hah and ,&3 &ri 7rishan as e(en accused .a*bir )as seen by ,&3 &hri 7rishan on 25.07.01 )hile standin+ near !andit !ant $ar+ )ith )hite $aruti ar no. 6!114B1 7559. ,&3 &hri 7rishan had initially tried to challan accused .a*bir on the +round of )ron+ par-in+ but let hi% off )hen accused .a*bir pleaded for for+i(eness statin+ that he )as ne) to 'elhi. ,&3 &ri 7rishan had ho)e(er noted do)n the nu%ber of the car on the co(er pa+e of his challan boo-. 20. &ubse=uently the speci%en fin+er i%pressions of the accused persons )ere ta-en besides their speci%en hand )ritin+ and si+natures for co%parison )ith the chance fin+er prints lifted fro% the t)o ars and the re(ol(ers besides )ith (arious re+isters of the hotels )here accused persons had stayed soon after the incident or the record of the ourts at /arid)ar or that of /arid)ar *ail. 0hile chance prints lifted fro% 0ebley E &cott labelled re(ol(er tallied )ith that of accused 'han !ar-ash G 9ic-y5 the other three chance prints reco(ered fro% the other re(ol(er labelled C%ade in 3nlendF tallied )ith that of accused &her &in+h .ana. ;our out of State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 17 of 217 the siB chance prints lifted fro% ar 2o. 6! 10B 3007 tallied )ith that of accused .a*bir &in+h. 3t )as also found that the thu%b i%pression of accused &her &in+h .ana did not tally )ith the thu%b i%pression as )as there in the re+ister of /arid)ar *ail )herein he )as sho)n to ha(e been lod+ed. >Later on in the %ear 6,,! when acc*sed Sharwan (*mar was arrested then his th*mb im)ression were also taken and the same tallied with the one which were there on the +*dicial ile in the -o*rts at .aridwar and also with the .aridwar +ail record.? 4his fact lent support to the conclusion of the police that accused &her &in+h .ana had infact tried to create a false plea of alibi by +ettin+ accused &har)an 7u%ar lod+ed in the *ail i%personatin+ as accused &her &in+h .ana. 4he onstables posted in the court of 8d. ,<$5 /arid)ar or at the /arid)ar *ail also confir%ed that &her &in+h .ana )as not the person )ho )as lod+ed in the *ail. ,s re+ards the bullets reco(ered fro% the body of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and her !&# t. Balender the Ballistic eBpert report confir%ed that the sa%e )ere fired fro% the t)o re(ol(ers or -attas so reco(ered. 3t )as also found that in order to %islead the police accused .a*ender had deliberately about 15 days prior to the incident +ot hi%self arrested in an @Bcise ,ct case at /arid)ar )hile carryin+ a can of li=uour. #n the other hand &urinder &in+h .ana father of accused &her &in+h .ana had intentionally %o(ed an application in an @Bcise ,ct case already pendin+ a+ainst &her &in+h .ana before the courts at /arid)ar see-in+ )ithdra)al of his surety and thereby facilitatin+ the arrest of accused &har)an 7u%ar on 18.07.01 i%personatin+ as &her &in+h .ana. 21. 4he char+e sheet further states that %ust-ee% fro% )ho% accused &her &in+h .ana had procured t)o -attas )as found to be lod+ed State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 18 of 217 in $uAaffar 2a+ar *ail in a case of !& 7ot)ali5 $uAaffar 2a+ar and )as accordin+ly interro+ated o(er there in the *ail itself. /o)e(er stran+ely the char+e sheet further states that %ust-ee% or &urinder &in+h .ana5 the father of &her &in+h .ana )ere not char+e1sheeted as sufficient e(idence could not co%e on record. 2Page 99 o the charge>sheet3 22. 4hus initially char+e sheet )as filed a+ainst 11 accused persons na%ely &her &in+h .ana G &heru G !an-a*5 &he-har &in+h !an)ar5 .a* Bir &in+h5 .a*ender &in+h G .a(inder &in+h5 'han !ar-ash G 9ic-y G 'heera*5 9i*ay &in+h G .a*u5 !ardeep &in+h5 &urinder &in+h 2e+i G &uri5 !ar(een $ittal and ,%it .athi and 7esha( hauhan )ith accused &har)an 7u%ar sho)n as proclai%ed offender. /o)e(er subse=uently accused &har)an 7u%ar also ca%e to be arrested on 10.07.2004 and a supple%entary char+e sheet )as filed a+ainst hi%. 23. ,fter due co%pliance of &. 207 r.! (arious char+es )ere fra%ed a+ainst the accused persons (ide order dated 17.09.2002 by the then 8d. !redecessor of this ourt to )hich they all pleaded not +uilty and clai%ed trial. 24. ,fter filin+ of the supple%entary char+e sheet a+ainst accused &har)an 7u%ar char+es )ere also far%ed a+ainst hi% by5 the then5 8d. !redecessor of this ourt (ide order dated 01.02.2005. /e also ho)e(er pleaded not +uilty to the char+es so fra%ed and clai%ed trial. 25. 3n order to present a co%prehensi(e (ie) of the char+es so fra%ed a+ainst (arious accused persons by the then 8d. !redecessors the sa%e ha(e been reproduced hereinafter in a tabular for%" State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 19 of 217 S. No Na+e o" a''0se- CHAR=ES FRA?ED >3? >33? >333? >39? 1 &her &in+h .ana G &heru G !an-a* U6s 120-B )61 Se'!#o%s 302613641647564,1 IPC a%- Se'!#o% 2.62, o" A)+s A'! U6s 302630, )61 S. 34 IPC U6s 13 IPC, U6s 302, 30, )61 S. 34 IPC 8 2. /1B362, A)+s A'! 2 &he-har &in+h !an)ar U6s 120-B )61 Se'!#o%s 302613641647564,1 IPC a%- Se'!#o% 2.62, o" A)+s A'! U6s 302630, )61 S. 34 IPC U6s 302, 30, )61 S. 34 IPC 3 .a* Bir &in+h U6s 120-B )61 Se'!#o%s 302613641647564,1 IPC a%- Se'!#o% 2.62, o" A)+s A'! U6s 302630, )61 S. 34 IPC U6s 416475 a%- 06s 4,1 )61 S. 475 IPC U6s 302, 30, )61 S. 34 IPC 4 .a*ender &in+h G .a(inder &in+h U6s 120-B )61 Se'!#o%s 302613641647564,1 IPC a%- Se'!#o% 2.62, o" A)+s A'! 5 'han !ar-ash G 9ic-y G 'heeera* U6s 120-B )61 Se'!#o%s 302613641647564,1 IPC a%- Se'!#o% 2.62, o" A)+s A'! U6s 302630, )61 S. 34 IPC U6s 302630, )61 S. 34 IPC U6s 30, IPC, 2. /1B362, A)+s A'! 6 9i*ay &in+h G .a*u U6s 120-B )61 Se'!#o%s 302613641647564,1 IPC a%- Se'!#o% 2.62, o" A)+s A'! 7 !ardeep &in+h U6s 120-B )61 Se'!#o%s 302613641647564,1 IPC a%- 06s 2.62, o" A)+s A'! a%- U6s 416475 a%- 06s 4,1 )61 S. 475 IPC 8 &urinder &in+h 2e+i G &uri U6s 120-B )61 Se'!#o%s 302613641647564,1 IPC a%- Se'!#o% 2.62, o" A)+s A'! U6s 416475 IPC 9 !ar(een $ittal U6s 120-B )61 Se'!#o%s 302613641647564,1 IPC a%- Se'!#o% 2.62, o" A)+s A'! 2. /1B3 A)+s A'! )61 se'!#o% 2 A)+s A'! 10 ,%it .athi U6s 120-B )61 Se'!#o%s 302613641647564,1 IPC a%- Se'!#o% 2.62, o" A)+s A'! 2. /1B3 A)+s A'! )61 se'!#o% 2 A)+s A'! 11. 7esha( hauhan U6s 201 IPC SUPPLE?ENTARD CHAR=E SHEET 12. &har)an 7u%ar U6s 120B )61 Se'!#o% 302613641647564,1 a%- 06s 2.62, A)+s A'! a%- 416475613 IPC State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 20 of 217 26. !rosecution thereafter in order to pro(e its case eBa%ined 171 )itnesses. 4he accused persons )ere thereafter eBa%ined u/s 313 r.!. 4hey ho)e(er eBa%ined fi(e >5? )itnesses in their defence. ;i(e >5? )itnesses )ere ho)e(er also eBa%ined as ourt )itnesses. 67. It will be also worthwhile to mention over here that during the course of trial one of the accused namely Pardeep expired and the proceedings against him accordingly stood abated. 28. Before ad(ertin+ further 3 %ay state that )hile narratin+ the facts as are e%er+in+ fro% the char+e sheet filed by the police5 3 ha(e consciously reproduced certain portions of the char+e sheet (erbati% by usin+ the phrase CThe further investigation revealed ........F. 4he pri%ary reason for reproducin+ the facts in the aforesaid %anner )as that the said aspect of further in(esti+ation ho)e(er could not be co1related to a lar+e eBtent )ith the nature of in(esti+ation carried out or the e(idence so collected and led on record by the prosecution. 4o support %y aforesaid preposition 3 shall be discussin+ in detail herein after the nature of e(idence )hich )as collected by the in(esti+atin+ a+ency durin+ the course of in(esti+ation and as )as subse=uently led by the prosecution (is1a1(is (arious circu%stances sou+ht to be pro(ed by the prosecution. 29. ,t this sta+e 3 )ould also li-e to %ention as to ho) 3 intend to discuss the prosecution e(idence in the present case a+ainst (arious accused persons since the prosecution has eBa%ined as %any as 171 )itnesses. 30. Beside the e(idence of co%plainant !0152 7ali haran5 !01 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 21 of 217 73 t. Balender5 !01104 $unni 'e(i5 !01114 Bahadur &hah and !01129 9inod 9ish)anath5 )ho all clai%ed to ha(e seen the assailants5 the prosecution case pri%arily rests upon circu%stantial nature of e(idence. 4hus 3 )ould be first delineatin+ the (arious incri%inatin+ circu%stances by (irtue of )hich the prosecution has sou+ht to connect each of the accused persons )ith the offence in =uestion. 4hereafter 3 shall be discussin+ the e(idence led by the prosecution =ua each of the said circu%stances a+ainst (arious accused persons and shall also be discussin+ alon+side as to )hether the prosecution has been successful in pro(in+ each of the said circu%stances by so%e le+ally ad%issible e(idence or not. 31. 4he deposition of fi(e >5? defence )itnesses or that of fi(e >5? ourt )itnesses shall also be discussed alon+side )here(er found rele(ant. ,fter this %icroscopic analysis of the (arious circu%stances on the touchstone of Cle+ally ad%issible e(idenceF5 3 shall be discussin+ the said pro(ed circu%stances if any5 co%prehensi(ely to assess as to )hether they for% such a continuous chain of circu%stances )hich %ay lead to only one conclusion )hich is consistent )ith the +uilt of the accused persons or )hether they are eBplainable on any other hypothesis consistent )ith the innocence of the accused persons. 32. ,t this sta+e 3 )ould li-e to %ention certain obser(ations of /onHble ,peB ourt )hich ha(e been reiterated by /onHble 'elhi /i+h ourt also recently in the case C9#s(a$ Da-a< <. S!a!e o" U.P., C)$. A. ,4162005 D.O.D. 02.04.2014F . ?*stice to all @ the acc*sed, the societ% as well as a air chance to )rove to the )rosec*tion @ is not onl% an State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 22 of 217 integral )art o the criminal +*stice s%stem b*t it is its )rime ob+ective. &his inds reiteration b% the S*)reme -o*rt o India in the +*dgment re)orted at 26,163 A S-- 6B9, Da%al Singh and /rs. v. State o 'ttaranchal when the co*rt em)hasiCed th*sD 9!. Ehere o*r criminal +*stice s%stem )rovides saeg*ards o air trial and innocent till )roven g*ilt% to an acc*sed, there it also contem)lates that a criminal trial is meant or doing +*stice to all, the acc*sed, the societ% and a air chance to )rove to the )rosec*tion. &hen alone can law and order be maintained. &he co*rts do not merel% discharge the *nction to ens*re that no innocent man is )*nished, b*t also that a g*ilt% man does not esca)e. 0oth are )*blic d*ties o the +*dge. D*ring the co*rse o the trial, the learned Presiding ?*dge is e<)ected to work ob+ectivel% and in a correct )ers)ective. Ehere the )rosec*tion attem)ts to misdirect the trial on the basis o a )er*nctor% or designedl% deective investigation, there the -o*rt is to be dee)l% ca*tio*s and ens*re that des)ite s*ch an attem)t, the determinative )rocess is not s*bverted. $or tr*l% attaining this ob+ect o a Fair trial, the -o*rt sho*ld leave no stone *nt*rned to do +*stice and )rotect the interest o the societ% as well.; 33. 4hus the (ery ob*ecti(e of a cri%inal trial is to ensure that a fair trial is %ade a(ailable not only to the state bein+ represented by the prosecution but also to the accused persons. 4he said principal of fair trial ho)e(er has its basis in the rule of la). 4he rule of la) per1supposes that the &tate place before the ourt all such facts and circu%stances )hich co%e up durin+ the course of in(esti+ation e(en thou+h the said facts and circu%stances %ay or %ay not support the case of the prosecution or in other )ords those circu%stances also )hich %ay fa(our the accused. &i%ilar is the duty of 8d. 'efence ounsel to place all such facts as are a(ailable )ith the% before the ourt of la) and thereby lea(in+ it to the ourt to dra) a conclusion as to the +uilt or innocence of the accused State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 23 of 217 persons. ,ny dereliction on this account either by the prosecution or by the defence ounsel stri-es at the (ery roots of the functionin+ of cri%inal *ustice ad%inistration syste%. 34. 4he rule of la) per1supposes that any e(idence sou+ht to be led by the prosecution a+ainst the accused %ust be held to be ad%issible under the substanti(e as )ell as procedural la) of the land. 4hus not only the trial of a cri%inal case is to be carried out in accordance )ith the pro(isions of ode of ri%inal !rocedure but also the e(idence led should confir% to the principles of 3ndian @(idence ,ct5 1872 >3n short hereinafter referred to as C@(idence ,ctF?. /o)e(er if so%e e(idence has been led on record )hich is contrary to the pro(isions of @(idence ,ct5 then the =uestion arises as to )hether the said e(idence can be read a+ainst the accused persons or not. 35. $y subse=uent discussion is +oin+ to hi+h li+ht the i%portance of the aforesaid preposition as 3 ha(e found that so%e e(idence led by the prosecution is not in accordance )ith the pro(isions of @(idence ,ct and the =uestion )hich )ill arise is as to )hat )ei+ht can be +i(en to such e(idence. 36. 3 a% accordin+ly no) delineatin+ the (arious incri%inatin+ circu%stances throu+h )hich prosecution see-s to pro(e its case a+ainst different accused persons. /o)e(er alon+side the said incri%inatin+ circu%stances 3 ha(e also %entioned na%es of so%e of the prosecution )itnesses throu+h )ho% the prosecution has pri%arily atte%pted to pro(e the said circu%stances. 4he deposition of these )itnesses shall be State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 24 of 217 discussed and analyAed -eepin+ in (ie) the deposition of other prosecution )itnesses also and especially that of (arious police officers )ho ha(e been associated )ith the in(esti+ation. 3 ha(e ho)e(er esche)ed their reference alon+side each of the circu%stances %entioned belo) for the sa-e of bre(ity. 37. /o)e(er at the end of the follo)in+ list of circu%stances as are e%er+in+ fro% the case of prosecution 3 shall be %entionin+ the na%es of all the prosecution )itnesses >171? beside the defence )itnesses >5? and the ourt )itnesses >5? eBa%ined durin+ the course of present lon+ trial in a tabulated for% for a ready reference. A''0se- S(e) S#%&( Ra%a He #s s!a!e- !o Ae !(e +as!e)+#%- o" !(e e%!#)e 'o%sB#)a'2. ?OTI9E >i? ,ccused &her &in+h .ana )as an a%bitious person. /e e(en contested elections of the student union in his &chool and olle+e and )as desirous of ac=uirin+ na%e and fa%e early in his life e(en thou+h by adoptin+ short cut %ethods. >!0317o(id Batra5 PE>66 ?aved (han, PE> 9, #a+a (*mar, PE>9! "n*rag &%agi? >ii? ,ccused &her &in+h .ana not only )anted to a(en+e the -illin+ of tha-urs by &%t. !hoolan 'e(i in the Bha%ai $assacre but also )anted to earn leadership of the 4ha-ur co%%unity by co%%ittin+ so%e sensational act. >PE>1!, "dvocate #a+esh #astogi, PE>169 "SI 0raham Prakash? State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 25 of 217 P)eBa)a!#o% >iii? 3n order to arran+e finance accused &her &in+h .ana alon+)ith his associates co%%itted t)o ban- robberies in /arid)ar area in the year 2000 and 2001 and robbed a su% of .s. 10 lacs and .s. 15 lacs respecti(ely. >PE>79 .- 1. (. &%agi, PE>9A .- 1ishal Mani? >i(? 3n order to +enerate %ore finances he +ot a li=uour (end allotted in the na%e of one of his friend !062 !an-a* 7alra at 4e*upur .oor-ee by in(estin+ the proceeds of cri%e of the aforesaid t)o robbery cases. /e also e%ployed co1accused &har)an 7u%ar5 !ardeep and &urender in the said li=uour (end )ho )ere associated )ith hi% later on in the present conspiracy. >PE>!1 ". (. Sharma, PE>B6 Panka+ (alra, PE>19,, /m)al, PE>99 San+a% (*mar? >(? /e obtained le+al ad(ise fro% his friend !ar(een $ittal >co1 accused? )ho )as a practisin+ ,d(ocate at .oor-ee as to ho) to %eticulously carry out the plan to %urder &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and later on ho) to escape a)ay fro% the punish%ent. >PE>B6 Panka+ (alra, DE>1 acc*sed Parveen Mittal himsel, PE>17, "-P S*resh (a*shik?. >(i? /e also procured one re(ol(er %a-e C$,'@ 32 328@2'F fro% his co1accused !ar(een $ittal so as to use it in achie(in+ the ob*ecti(e of cri%inal conspiracy. /e infact used it to co%%it %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. >PE>B6 Panka+ (alra? >(ii? /e also obtained yet one other re(ol(er %a-e C0@B8@D E ,F fro% one of his friend co1accused ,%it .athi o)ner of C&ubhash State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 26 of 217 :un /ouseF in .oor-ee. /e also +ot the +roo(es of the re(ol(er ta%pered )ith throu+h one ,fa= ,h%ed a )or-er in the shop of ,%it .athi so as to a(oid its lin-a+e )ith the bullets to be fired fro% it. >PE>7, "aG "hmed? >(iii? /e de(eloped inti%acy )ith one 6%a 7ashyap and her husband 9i*ay 7ashyap throu+h co1accused .a*bir so as to ha(e access to the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. >PE>17 'ma (ash%a), PE>1A 1i+a% (ash%a)? >iB? /e did a sur(ey of the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )hen she )as residin+ at hitran*an !ar- and stayed at C,a%antaran :uest /ouseF for three days but did not find the ti%e and place to be suitable to %urder her. >PE 1 4irmal -handra Sarba+na and PE>9, #a+a (*mar?. >B? /e *oined his brother 9i*ay &in+h besides accused &he-har5 'han !ar-ash5 &urender &in+h5 &har)an 7u%ar5 !ardeep &in+h5 .a*bir5 .a*ender &in+h5 all his prior ac=uaintances in the conspiracy to co%%it %urder of !hoolan 'e(i and that of her !&# t. Balender )hile assurin+ all the co1accused persons of help in their future life once he hi%self +ot settled in the politics. >PE>B6 Panka+ (alra? >Bi? /e alon+)ith his other co1associates held a %eetin+ at his house )herein all the plans to carry out the conspiracy to co%%it %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and her !&# t. Balender )ere discussed and specific roles )ere assi+ned to different persons. >PE>B6 Panka+ (alra? >Bii? 3n furtherance of the co%%on ob*ect of the said cri%inal conspiracy he ad(ised .a*ender G .a(inder to +et hi%self arrested in State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 27 of 217 so%e case in /arid)ar and to +et hi%self released on bail after the incident. >PE>9! SI Inder Singh, PE>99 -t. "shwani (*mar, PE>!, -t. 4arinder Singh, PE>!6 1irender 5iri, PE>B6 Panka+ (alra, PE>A7 5anga #am, PE>119 #a+ender Prasad Sharma and PE>16, "nil (*mar3 >Biii? /e as-ed co1accused &urender and .a*bir &in+h to stand sureties for accused .a*ender G .a(inder under fa-e identity and on the basis of false docu%ents. >!01119 .a*ender !rasad &har%a5 !01120 ,nil 7u%ar and PE>1!! Satish -ha*dhar%, "dvocate? >Bi(? /e as-ed &har)an 7u%ar to +et hi%self arrested by i%personatin+ hi%self as &her &in+h .ana in an already pendin+ case under @Bcise ,ct a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana in the court of 8d. ,<$115 /arid)ar and in order to facilitate the sa%e as-ed his father to )ithdra) his surety so that &har)an 7u%ar %ay +o to *ail as &her &in+h .ana. >PE>A9 SI .*shiaar Singh, PE>A7 5anga #am, PE>119 #a+ender Prasad Sharma, PE>16, "nil (*mar, PE>19A "dvocate #amesh -hander "ggarwal, PE>199 La<man Singh and PE>1!! "dvocate Satish -ha*dhar%3 >B(? /e procured t)o country %ade pistols fro% one %ust-ee%. >PE>17A Ins)ector 1ishn* -hand 5a*tam? >B(i? /e purchased %obile phone nu%ber 9837237160 fro% !01 945 ,nura+ 4ya+i >!01169 .a*ender 7u%ar 4i)ari and !01171 9i(e- $alhotra? State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 28 of 217 >B(ii? /e as-ed 'han !ar-ash to procure t)o %obile phone nu%bers fro% 'elhi (iA. 9811374806 and (iA. 9811374810. >PE>1,6 5*lshan "rora? >B(iii? /e as-ed his youn+er brother 9i*ay G .a*u to %a-e necessary arran+e%ents initially for the arrest of &har)an 7u%ar as accused &her &in+h .ana in the ourt and later on after the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i to +ot both &har)an 7u%ar and .a*ender G .a(inder released on bail on the basis of fa-e sureties and to also flee a)ay )ith other fa%ily %e%bers fro% the house )ith !an-a* 7alra. >PE>199 La<man, PE>1!! "dvocate Satish -ha*dhar%, PE>B6 Panka+ (alra? >BiB? 4hrou+h 9i*ay G .a*u he +ot arran+ed one %ore %obile phone no. 9837222779 )hich 9i*ay borro)ed fro% his friend 7o(id Batra >PE>9 (ovid 0atra?. >BB? /e as-ed !an-a* 7alra another friend of his >)ho% he had initiall% )ers*aded to +oin the cons)irac% b*t he did not agree? to also flee a)ay after the incident alon+)ith his brother 9i*ay &in+h. >PE>B6 Panka+ (alra3 >BBi? /e stole one )hite $aruti ar bearin+ 2o. 6!114B 7559 )ith an intention to use it as a bac-up ar at the ti%e of incident so as to facilitate their escape fro% the spot after the incident. >PE>6! "SI Sri (rishan and PE>97 ?eet Singh and PE>17, 0ina% (*mar Mishra3. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 29 of 217 I%'#-e%! -a!e- 2..0,.2001 >BBii? ,fter ensurin+ that &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as in 'elhi on 25.07.01 &her &in+h .ana persuaded 6%a 7ashyap and her husband 9i*ay 7ashyap to co%e to 'elhi alo+n)ith hi% to the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and thus ca%e to 'elhi alon+)ith the% on 25.07.01 in $aruti ar 2o. 3$1907. >PE>17 'ma (ash%a), PE>1A 1i+a% (ash%a), PE>76 (ali -haran, PE>1,! M*nni Devi, PE>79 -t. 0alender3 >BBiii? /e as-ed his three other co1accused &he-har &in+h5 .a*bir and 'han !ar-ash to follo) in another $aruti ar 2#. 6! 14B 7559 and on the )ay to 'elhi he re%ained in constant touch )ith the% on %obile phone. >PE>17 'ma (ash%a), PE>1A 1i+a% (ash%a), PE>1,6 5*lshan "rora3. >BBi(? #n reachin+ :haAiabad he as )ell as accused .a*bir &in+h both chan+ed their &3$ cards and started usin+ &3$ 2o. 9811374806 E 9811374810. >!01102 :ulshan ,rora5 the nodal officer @&&,.3 >BB(? #n the as-in+ of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i he dropped her and her !&# t. Balender to !arlia%ent in the %ornin+ hours as the ar of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as not a(ailable. >PE>76 (ali -haran, PE>1,! M*nni Devi and PE>79 -t. 0alender3 >BB(i? 4hereafter he alon+)ith co1accused 'han !ar-ash and &he-har )aited in his ar 2o. 3$1907 outside the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i i.e. 44 ,sho-a .oad5 2e) 'elhi and as-ed .a*bir to re%ain present )ith the other 0hite $aruti ar nearby and to pro(e it as a bac- up (ehicle State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 30 of 217 after the incident to facilitate their escape. >PE>6! "SI Sri (rishan, PE>79 .- 0alender, and PE>97 ?eet Singh3 >BB(ii? ,t about 1.30 !$ )hen &%t. !hoolan 'e(i returned fro% !arlia%ent alo+n)ith his !&# t. Balender both accused &her &in+h .ana and 'han !ar-ash ca%e out of the ar and )hile he fired at &%t. !hoolan 'e(i initially fro% country %ade pistol and thereafter fro% the re(ol(er C$,'@ 32 328@2'F his co1accused 'han !ar-ash fired at t. Balender initially )ith a country %ade pistol and thereafter )ith re(ol(er %a-e C0@B8@D E ,F resultin+ in the death of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and +rie(ous in*uries to t. Balender. 4hey both also dropped the t)o country %ade pistols on the spot itself. >PE>B S*rinder Sharma5 PE>76 (ali -haran, PE>79 -t. 0alender, PE>1,! M*nni Devi and PE>169 1inod 1ishwanath? >BB(iii? /e alon+)ith accused 'han !ar-ash thereafter fled a)ay fro% the spot in $aruti ar 2o. 3$1907 bein+ dri(en by accused &he-har and )hen t. Balender fired at their ar then he and his associates retaliated by firin+ fro% inside the ar. 4he firin+ resulted in bullet %ar-s on the rear +lass of the ar. >PE>76 (ali -haran, PE>1,! M*nni Devi, PE>79 -t. 0alender, PE>169 1inod 1ishwanath, PE>19 "SI Satish ?oshi and PE>6! "SI Sri (rishan3 >BBiB? /e and his associates left ar no. 3$1907 near !andit !ant $ar+ and as the bac-up ar bein+ dri(en by accused .a*bir &in+h )as not a(ailable so they boarded a 4&. 2o. '8 1. 0235 bein+ dri(en by !0 Bahadur &hah and after so%e distance they ali+hted fro% it and )ent in State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 31 of 217 different directions. >PE>169 1inod 1ishwanath, PE>11! 0ahad*r Shah3 >BBB? 0hile his co1accused persons )ent in different directions &her &in+h .ana hi%self )ent to :haAiabad. #n the )ay he ran+ up accused .a*bir &in+h on his %obile phone and as-ed hi% to %eet at :haAiabad and thereafter tra(elled in the other )hite $aruti ar fro% :haAiabad to)ards /arid)ar. ,ccused &he-har &in+h in the %eanti%e ran+ up accused &her &in+h .ana fro% a !# at $eerut and decided to %eet the% at $eerut by1pass and all three thereafter )ent to)ards /arid)ar. >PE>1,6 5*lshan "rora? >BBBi? ,t /arid)ar he and his associates stayed at hotel !ra%ila and )here accused &her &in+h .ana %ade an entry in the hotel re+ister i%personatin+ hi%self as ,noop &in+h and thereafter at hotel :an+a(ie)5 .ishi-esh .oad5 /arid)ar on 25.07.01 and 26.07.01 >PE>1,7 S*rvir Singh, PE>11B Dee)ak P*rohit and PE>16! 0ab* #am D*be%3 >BBBii? #n 27.07.01 accused &her &in+h .ana addressed a !ress onference at 'oon !ress lub and confessed that he alo+n)ith .a*ender G .a(inder had -illed &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. &oon after the !ress onference he )as arrested by the police of 'allan)ala5 'ehradoon and )as handed o(er in the custody of 'elhi police. ,fter his arrest by the police of !& 'allan)ala he a+ain ad%itted before !ress .eporters that he has -illed !hoolan 'e(i. /is state%ent re+ardin+ in(ol(e%ent of .a*ender in the present incident )as also found to be false. >!0186 &urinder 7apoor5 !0187 7ishore ,rora and PE>A9 #a+esh Sharma, PE>119 Ins). #an Singh and PE>1!B Ins). Parikshit3 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 32 of 217 >BBBiii? /e )as brou+ht to 'elhi and )as produced in the court and )as re%anded to 10 days police custody. /e thereafter %ade a disclosure state%ent )herein he spilled the beans of the entire conspiracy besides pointin+ out the place of incident and other places )here he alon+)ith his other associates had +one after the incident. >PE>119, Ins). #an Singh, PE>17, Ins)ector S*resh (a*shik? >BBBi(? /e +ot reco(ered 9' of the fil% CBandit IueenF fro% his house beside one diary )herein nu%bers of co1accused !ar(een $ittal and ,%ti .athi )ere found )ritten by hi%. >PE 191 Ins). Satish Sharma and PE>176 Ins). #a+ender 0hatia? >BBB(? /e )as arrayed for 43! on 07.08.01 but he refused to participate in it. >PE>17, "-P S*resh (a*shik? >BBB(i? 4he 4&. dri(er Bahadur &hah in )hich accused &her &in+h .ana alon+)ith &he-har &in+h and 'han !ar-ash had fled a)ay identified accused &her &in+h .ana as one of the three boys )ho had boarded his 4&. on that day fro% his photo+raph )hen sho)n to hi% ha(in+ been %iBed )ith photo+raphs of , other persons. >PE>11! 0ahad*r Shah? >BBB(ii? !0 t. Balender )ho )as in*ured in the incident also identified hi% fro% his photo+raph as one of the assailants and bein+ already -no)n to hi%. >PE>79 -t. 0alender? >BBB(iii? !0152 7ali haran5 !01104 $unni 'e(i and !01129 9inod 9ish)anth also identified hi% as bein+ one of the assailant. >PE>76 (ali -haran, PE>1,! M*nni Devi and PE>169 1inod 1ishwanath? State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 33 of 217 >BBBiB? 4hree chance fin+er prints reco(ered fro% the re(ol(er C$,'@ 32 328@2'F tallied )ith his thu%b i%pression upon co%parison at ;&8 >PE>19! ".P. 1erma and PE>1!A "wdesh (*mar, $inger Print H<)erts?. >J8? 4he bullets reco(ered fro% the body of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )ere found to ha(e been fired fro% the said re(ol(er %a-e C$,'@ 32 328,2'F. >PE>1!9 (. -. 1arshene%, 0allistic H<)ert?. >J8i? ,ccused &har)an 7u%ar )as found to ha(e lod+ed hi%self in *ail on 18.07.2001 in the na%e of &her &in+h .ana in an already pendin+ case under @Bcise ,ct in the court of 8d. ,<$ at /arid)ar and ca%e out on bail on 26.07.2001 >PE>A9 SI .*shiaar Singh, !0185 :an+a .a%5 !01119 .a*ender !rasad &har%a5 !01120 ,nil 7u%ar? >J8ii? 4he thu%b i%pression on the court record and that of /arid)ar *ail record did not tally )ith that of &her &in+h .ana >PE>197 Dee)a 1erma? A''0se- S(e;(a) S#%&( >i? /e )as an old ac=uaintance of accused &her &in+h .ana. /e participated in a %eetin+ )ith &her &in+h .ana and others at the residence of &her &in+h .ana and )here the entire plan of eBecutin+ the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and her !&# t. Balender )as )or-ed out and roles assi+ned to different persons. >PE B6 Panka+ (alra? >ii? /e procured t)o &3$ cards 2o. 9811374806 and 9811374810 fro% 'elhi for bein+ used in the eBecution of conspiracy. >PE>1,6 5*lshan State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 34 of 217 "rora? >iii? /e tra(elled alon+)ith accused .a*bir and 'han !ar-ash to 'elhi in )hite $aruti ar 2o. 6!114B17559 fro% .oor-ee on 25.07.01 and )as in constant touch )ith accused &her &in+h .ana throu+h %obile phone a(ailable )ith accused .a*bir. >PE>17 'ma (ash%a) and PE>1A 1i+a% (ash%a) and PE>1,6 5*lshan "rora? >i(? #n the )ay to 'elhi their car de(eloped so%e sna+ and they +ot it repaired at C$ohan $otorsF. >PE>11A 4aresh? >(? ,fter reachin+ 'elhi he alon+)ith accused &her &in+h .ana and 'han !ar-ash )aited outside the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )hile sittin+ in +reen colour $aruti ar no. 3$1907 and he )as to dri(e car no. 3$1907 soon after the incident so as to facilitate the escape of &her &in+h .ana and 'han !ar-ash fro% the spot. >PE>79 -t. 0alender? >(i? 0hile co1accused &her &in+h .ana and 'han !ar-ash )ere sittin+ inside the car )aitin+ for return of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i fro% !arlia%ent5 he stood outside the car and )as seen by t. Balender )hen he returned )ith &%t. !hoolan 'e(i fro% !arlia%ent /ouse. >PE>79 -t. 0alender? >(ii? 0hile accused &her &in+h .ana fired to)ards &%t. !hoolan 'e(i5 accused 'han !ar-ash fired to)ards t. Balender initially fro% their country %ade pistols and thereafter fro% the t)o re(ol(ers resultin+ in the death of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and +rie(ous in*uries to t. Balender and thereafter they ran a)ay in car no. 3$1907 bein+ dri(en by hi% )hile State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 35 of 217 lea(in+ the country %ade pistols at the spot itself. !0 t. Balender ho)e(er fired to)ards the% and the bullet hit the rear +lass of their car and they also returned fire fro% the car to)ards t. Balender. >PE>76 (ali -haran, PE>1,! M*nni Devi, PE>79 -t. 0alender, PE>169 1inod 1ishwanath3 >(iii? /e thereafter left ar no. 3$1907 at !andit !ant $ar+ and left t)o %on-ey caps5 t)o re(ol(ers and 12 li(e cartrid+es on the rear seat of the car and alon+)ith the t)o other co1accused persons boarded a 4&. no. '8 1 .; 0235 of Bahadur &hah and on the )ay he +ot do)n fro% the 4&. and )ent to $eerut. >PE>11! 0ahad*r Shah, PE>169 1inod 1ishwanath3 >iB? ;ro% $eerut he ran+ up accused &her &in+h .ana on his %obile phone fro% a !# and %et accused &her &in+h .ana and .a*bir at $eerut by pass and tra(elled )ith the% in the )hite $aruti ar bein+ dri(en by accused .a*bir and they all stayed at /arid)ar in hotel !ra%ila and )here accused &her &in+h .ana %ade an entry in the hotel re+ister i%personatin+ hi%self as ,noop &in+h and thereafter they all stayed at /otel :an+a 9ie)5 .ishi-esh .oad5 /arid)ar on 25.07.01 and 26.07.01. >PE>1,7 S*rvir Singh, PE>11B Dee)ak P*rohit, PE>16! 0ab* #am D*be% and PE>1B9 #a+ender (*mar &iwari3 >B? 4hereafter on 27.07.2001 he alon+)ith accused &her &in+h .ana5 .a*bir and .a*ender )ent to 'ehradoon and )here accused &her &in+h .ana )as arrested by the police soon after he addressed a press conference at 'oon press lub but he alon+)ith other co1accused persons State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 36 of 217 fled a)ay. >!01146 3nsp. !ari-shit5 !0189 .a*esh &har%a? >Bi? 4hereafter he alon+)ith other co1accused &he-har &in+h and .a*ender G .a(inder stayed at hotel CDatri-F in 9i-as 2a+ar5 'ehradun and thereafter at /otel ,sho-a in Da%una 2a+ar and at /otel :reen 3nternational in &aharanpur and )here accused &he-har %ade entries in hotel re+isters in fictitious na%es. >PE>161 San+a% (a)oor and PE>167 Sat)al Singh? >Bii? #n 30.07.01 he alon+)ith accused .a*ender G .a(inder and .a*bir )as apprehended by the police of !& &aharanpur )hile they all )ere +oin+ to surrender in the ourts at &aharanpur and at their instance the said )hite $aruti ar )as also reco(ered fro% corner +ali ,sha $odern &chool and i(il ourts. 4hereafter he alon+)ith accused .a*ender and .a*bir )ere also for%ally arrested by the 'elhi police officers and )ere brou+ht to 'elhi. >PE>199 Ins). (.P. Singh, PE>177 DSP 'med Singh3 >Biii? /e pointed out the place of occurrence to the police and he too refused to participate in 43! but later on )as identified by the )itnesses i.e. t. Balender and 4&. dri(er Bahadur &hah and !0 9inod 9ish)anath by )ay of photo 43! )hen his photo+raph )as sho)n to the% %iBed )ith photo+raphs of 718 other persons. >PE>79 -t. 0alender, PE>11! 0ahad*r Shah and PE>169 1inod 1ishwanath and PE>17, "-P S*resh (a*shik3 >Bi(? &iB chance prints )ere lifted fro% car no. 3$1907 and upon co%parison the sa%e tallied )ith his thu%b and fin+er i%pressions. >PE> 1!9 S.(. -haddha3. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 37 of 217 >B(? /e also %ade a disclosure state%ent )herein he spilled the beans of entire conspiracy >PE>17, Ins)ector S*resh (a*shik3 A''0se- Ra4A#) S#%&( >i? /e )as an old ac=uaintance of accused &her &in+h .ana and he too participated in a %eetin+ )ith accused &her &in+h .ana and others at the residence of &her &in+h .ana )here the entire plan of eBecutin+ the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and her !&# t. Balender )as )or-ed out and roles assi+ned to different persons. >PE>B6 Panka+ (alra3 >ii? #n 25.07.2001 he alon+)ith accused &he-har &in+h and 'han !ar-ash ca%e to 'elhi )hile dri(in+ )hite $aruti ar 2o. 2o. 6!1 14B17559 )hile re%ainin+ in constant touch )ith accused &her &in+h .ana throu+h %obile phone 2o. 9837222779. >PE>9 (ovid 0atra, PE>1,6 5*lshan "rora, PE>1B9 #. (. &iwari, PE>171 1ivek Malhotra3 >iii? #n the )ay to 'elhi their ar de(eloped so%e sna+ and they +ot it repaired at C$ohan $otorsF :haAiabad. 2PE>11A 4aresh3 >i(? ,fter reachin+ 'elhi he )aited near :ol 'a-hana in the said )hite $aruti ar 2o. 6!114B17559 so as to pro(ide bac-up to the other co1accused persons i%%ediately after the incident so as to facilitate their escape fro% the place of incident. >PE>6! "SI Sri (rishan and PE>97 ?eet Singh3 >(? /e )as sou+ht to be challaned by ,&3 &hri 7rishan on account of )ron+ par-in+ but )as let off by hi% on his re=uest that he is ne) to State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 38 of 217 'elhi but his ar 2o. 6! 10B 3007 )as noted do)n on the co(er pa+e of the challan boo- by ,&3 &hri 7rishan. >PE>6! "SI Sri (rishan?. >(i? ,fter the incident he ho)e(er could not pro(ide necessary bac-up to the other co1accused persons and subse=uently %et accused &her &in+h .ana at :haAiabad after he contacted hi% on his %obile phone. >PE>1,6 5*lshan "rora? >(ii? 4hereafter he alon+)ith accused &her &in+h .ana pic-ed up accused &he-har fro% $eerut by pass and )ent to /arid)ar in the sa%e 0hite $aruti ar and stayed at /arid)ar at hotel !ra%ila and )here accused &her &in+h .ana %ade an entry in the hotel re+ister i%personatin+ hi%self as ,noop &in+h and thereafter they all stayed at /otel :an+a(ie)5 .ishi-esh .oad5 /arid)ar on 25.07.01 and 26.07.01 respecti(ely. >PE>1,7 S*rvir Singh, PE>11B Dee)ak P*rohit and PE>16! 0ab* #am D*be%3 >(iii? #n 26.07.01 he stood surety for accused .a*ender G .a(inder in the court of 8d. ,<$115 /arid)ar by i%personatin+ hi%self as &he-har &in+h on the basis of false docu%ents of &cooter 2o. 6! 10B 3007. >PE>19! Dee)a 1erma, PE>199 La<man Singh and PE>1!! Satish -ha*dhar%, PE>177 -het #am3 >iB? #n 27.07.01 he alon+)ith &he-har &in+h5 .a*ender and &her &in+h .ana reached 'ehradun and after accused &her &in+h .ana )as arrested by the police of !& 'allan)ala5 'ehradun soon after he addressed a press conference at C'oon !ress lubF he alon+)ith other co1 accused persons fled a)ay fro% there. >PE>A9 #a+esh Sharma, PE>1!B State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 39 of 217 Ins)ector Parikshit (*mar3 >B? 4hereafter he alon+)ith other co1accused &he-har &in+h and .a*ender G .a(inder stayed at hotel CDatri-F in 9i-as 2a+ar5 'ehradun and at hotel ,sho-a5 Da%una 2a+ar and at /otel :reen 3nternational at &aharanpur and )here co1accused &he-har %ade entries in hotel re+isters in fictitious na%es. >PE>B!, Dee)ak, PE>161 San+a% (a)oor and PE>167 Sat)al Singh3 >Bi? #n 30.07.01 he alo+n)ith accused &he-har &in+h and .a*ender )as arrested fro% outside ourts at &aharanpur )here they )ere +oin+ to surrender and at their instance the )hite $aruti ar )as reco(ered fro% corner +ali ,sha $odern &chool and i(il ourts. 4hereafter their custody )as ta-en by the 'elhi police officers and )ere brou+ht to 'elhi. /e )as arrayed for 43! but he refused to participate in it and )as thereafter identified by ,&3 &hri 7rishan fro% his photo after the sa%e %iBed )ith photo+raphs of so%e other persons )as sho)n to hi%. >PE>6! "SI Sri (rishan, PE>199 Ins)ector (. P. Singh, PE>171, Ins). ".(. Singh and PE>177 DSP 'med Singh3 >Bii? /is fin+er print also %atched )ith four out of the siB chance prints lifted fro% the )hite $aruti ar 2o. 6!114B17559. >PE>1!A SI "vdesh (*mar? >Biii? /e also %ade a disclosure state%ent )herein he spilled the beans of the entire conspiracy. >PE>17, "-P S*resh (a*shik3 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 40 of 217 A''0se- D(a% Pa);as( >i? /e )as an old ac=uaintance of accused &her &in+h .ana and he also participated in a %eetin+ )ith &her &in+h .ana and others at the residence of &her &in+h .ana )here the entire plan of eBecutin+ the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as )or-ed out and roles assi+ned to different persons. >PE B6 Panka+ (alra? >ii? /e tra(elled alon+)ith accused .a*bir and &he-har &in+h to 'elhi in )hite $aruti car 2o. 6!114B 7559 fro% .oor-ee on 25.07.01 and )as in constant touch )ith accused &her &in+h .ana throu+h %obile phone a(ailable )ith accused .a*bir. >PE>9 (ovid 0atra and PE>1,6 5*lshan "rora? >iii? #n the )ay to 'elhi their car de(eloped so%e sna+ and they +ot it repaired at C$ohan $otorsF :haAiabad. >PE>11A 4aresh? >i(? ,fter reachin+ 'elhi he alon+)ith accused &her &in+h .ana and &he-har &in+h )aited outside the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )hile sittin+ in +reen colour $aruti ar no. 3$1907 and )hen at about 1"30 !$ &%t. !hoolan 'e(i escorted by t. Balender returned fro% !arlia%ent then he and &her &in+h .ana +ot do)n fro% the car and )hile &her &in+h .ana fired to)ards &%t. !hoolan 'e(i he hi%self fired to)ards t. Balender initially )ith a country %ade pistol and thereafter )ith re(ol(er %a-e C0ebley E &cottF resultin+ in the death of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and +rie(ous in*uries to t. Balender. 4hereafter they fled a)ay fro% the spot in car no. 3$1907 bein+ dri(en by &he-har )hile lea(in+ the country %ade pistols at the spot itself. >PE>76 (ali -haran, PE>1,! M*nni Devi, PE>79 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 41 of 217 -t. 0alender, PE>169 1inod 1ishwanath? >(? t. Balender ho)e(er fired to)ards their ar 2o. 3$1907 and the bullet hit the rear +lass of the car. /o)e(er he and his co1accused also returned fire fro% the car. >PE>79 -t. 0alender, PE>169 1inod 1ishwanath? >(i? /e and his co1accused persons thereafter left ar 2o. 3$1 907 at !andit !ant $ar+ lea(in+ t)o re(ol(ers >)eapons of offence?5 t)o %on-ey caps and 12 li(e cartrid+es on the rear seat of the ar. >PE>19 "SI Satish ?oshi, PE>6! "SI Sri (rishan, PE>169 1inod 1ishwanath,, PE> 1B7 "-P 5. L. Mehta3 >(ii? 4hereafter he alon+)ith accused &her &in+h .ana and &he-har &in+h boarded 4&. 2o. '8 1.; 0235 bein+ dri(en by one Bahadur &hah and ali+hted fro% it after so%e distance and )ent to so%e un-no)n place. >PE>11! 0ahad*r Shah, PE>169 1inod 1ishwanath3 >(iii? /e )as subse=uently arrested by the /arid)ar !olice fro% .oor-ee and his custody )as ta-en by 3nsp. 7.!. &in+h on 04.08.01 and )as produced in 'elhi on 05.08.01 and )as arrayed for 43! but he refused to participate therein. >PE>199 Ins)ector (. P. Singh3 >iB? /e )as thereafter identified by t. Balender and 4&. dri(er Bahadur &hah by )ay of photo 43! )hen his photo )as sho)n to the% after %iBin+ it )ith photos of 718 other persons. >!0173 t. Balender and !01114 Bahadur &hah? State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 42 of 217 >B? /is fin+er prints tallied )ith the 3 chance prints lifted fro% the re(ol(er C0ebley and &cottF reco(ered fro% the rear seat of car no. 3$1 907. >PE>1!A SI "vdesh (*mar? >Bi? /e also %ade a disclosure state%ent statin+ the details of the conspiracy so entered by the%. >PE>17, "-P S*resh (a*shik3 A''0se- 9#4a2 S#%&( Ra%a : Ra40 >i? /e )as the brother of accused &her &in+h .ana and he too participated in the %eetin+ )ith &her &in+h .ana and others held at their residence )here the entire plan of eBecutin+ the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and her !&# t. Balender )as )or-ed out and roles assi+ned to different conspirators. >PE B6 Panka+ (alra? >ii? /e procured %obile phone no. 9837222779 fro% his friend 7o(id Batra G 7annu Batra on 24.07.01 for a day and pro(ided it to accused &her &in+h .ana for bein+ used durin+ the course of eBecution of conspiracy to %urder &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. >PE>9 (ovid 0atra? >iii? /e )as assi+ned the tas- of first ensurin+ i%prison%ent of &har)an 7u%ar in the na%e of &her &in+h .ana in an already pendin+ case under @Bcise ,ct in the court of 8d. ,<$115 /arid)ar and thereafter facilitatin+ the release of accused &har)an 7u%ar and .a*ender on bail after the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i on the basis of fa-e sureties and false docu%ents. >PE>19A #amesh -hander "ggarwal, PE>199 La<man Singh, PE>1!, #a+esh #astogi and PE>1!! Satish -ha*dhar%3 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 43 of 217 >iii? #n 25.07.2001 soon after the incident upon recei(in+ call fro% accused &her &in+h .ana5 he alon+)ith his fa%ily and !0 62 !an-a* 7alra5 another friend of accused &her &in+h .ana ran a)ay fro% their house in .oor-ee and stayed at hotel ')apar in $ussoorie. #n 26.07.01 he also %et accused &her &in+h .ana at /arid)ar rail)ay station. >PE>B1 Davender (*mar Mittal3 >i(? #n 10.08.01 he )as arrested by 'elhi !olice and he %ade a disclosure state%ent spillin+ out the beans of entire conspiracy. >PE>17, Ins)ector S*resh (a*shik3 A''0se- Ra4e%-e) : Ra<#%-e) >i? /e )as an old ac=uaintance of accused &her &in+h .ana and )as present in the %eetin+ held at the house of accused &her &in+h .ana prior to the incident )herein all the %odalities of the conspiracy to be eBecuted )ere discussed and the roles assi+ned to (arious conspirators. >PE>B6 Panka+ (alra3 >ii? 3n order to %islead the police in their in(esti+ation .a*ender &in+h +ot hi%self arrested on 04.07.2001 in a case u/s 60 @Bcise ,ct at !& <a)alapur >/arid)ar? and despite bail orders ha(in+ been passed by the court did not offer sureties and thereby chose to re%ain inside *ail till 26.07.2001 i.e. till after the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. >PE>9! SI Inder Singh, PE>9, -t. "shwani (*mar, PE>A7 5anga #am Pra+a)ati, PE>199 La<man Singh and PE>1!! Satish -ha*dhar%3 >iii? ,ccused .a*bir and &urender stood sureties for accused State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 44 of 217 .a*ender on 26.07.2001 3.e a day after the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i in fictitious na%e and on the basis of false docu%ents. >PE>19! Ms. Dee)a 1erma, PE>199 La<man Singh, PE>1!! Satish -ha*dhar% and PE>177 -het #am3 >i(? 4he date 26.07.2001 )as chosen as a date for tenderin+ surety bonds on the +round that )hile accused &her &in+h .ana )ill clai% before the %edia at 'oon !ress lub on 27.07.2001 that he alon+)ith accused .a*ender G .a(inder had carried out the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and the attac- on t. Balinder5 the !&# of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and )hen later on the char+e sheet )ill be filed in the court then the clai% of the police )ould be falsified by sho)in+ that .a*ender )as in *ail on the actual date of co%%ission of offence. >PE>B6 Panka+ (alra3 >(? ,fter his release fro% *ail he %o(ed alon+)ith &her &in+h .ana5 &he-har and .a*bir to different places and stayed at /otel Datri- in 9i-as 2a+ar5 'ehradun and thereafter at hotel ,sho-a5 Da%una 2a+ar and at /otel :reen 3nternational5 &aharanpur and )here accused &he-har %ade entries in hotel re+isters in fictitious na%es. >PE>B! Dee)ak, PE> 161 San+a% (a)oor and PE>167 Sat)al Singh3
>(i? /e )as finally arrested on 30.07.2001 at &aharanpur alon+)ith &he-har and .a*bir )hen they all )ere +oin+ to surrender before the courts at &aharanpur and the )hite $aruti ar )as reco(ered at their instance fro% corner +ali ,sha $odern &chool and i(il ourts. >PE>199 Ins)ector (. P. Singh, PE>171 Ins). ".(. Singh and PE>177 DSP 'med Singh3. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 45 of 217 >(i? /e %ade a disclosure state%ent after his arrest )herein he stated about the details of the conspiracy so hatched. >PE>17, Ins)ector S*resh (a*shik3 A''0se- S0)e%-e) S#%&( Ne&# >i? /e )as an ac=uaintance of accused &her &in+h .ana and )as )or-in+ at the li=uour (end of accused &her &in+h .ana )hich )as +ot allotted in the na%e of !an-a* 7alra at 4e*upur .oor-ee. >PE>!1 ".(. Sharma, PE>B6 Panka+ (alra, PE>99 San+a% (*mar and PE>19, /m Pal3 >ii? /e participated in a %eetin+ )ith co1accused &her &in+h .ana and others held at the residence of &her &in+h .ana )here the entire plan of eBecutin+ the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and her !&# t. Balender )as )or-ed out and roles assi+ned to different conspirators. >PE>B6 Panka+ (alra? >iii? #n 26.07.01 he stood surety for .a*ender i%personatin+ hi%self as 9irender :iri and by furnishin+ false docu%ents of &cooter 2o. 6! 10, 9630. > PE>19! Ms. Dee)a 1erma, PE>199 La<man, PE>1!! Satish -ha*dhar% and PE>177 -het #am3 >i(? #n 08.08.01 he )as arrested at !& &ha%pur /arid)ar and he %ade a disclosure state%ent )herein he stated about the conspiracy so entered into by the%. >PE>1,9 SI Parkash -hand and PE>17, Ins)ector S*resh (a*shik3 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 46 of 217 A''0se- Pa)<ee% ?#!!a$. >i? /e )as an ,d(ocate practicin+ at .oor-ee ourts and )as an old ac=uaintance of accused &her &in+h .ana. /e )as also present in the %eetin+ held at the house of accused &her &in+h .ana )herein details of the conspiracy so hatched )ere discussed. >PE>B6 Panka+ (alra? >ii? /e +a(e le+al ad(ise to accused &her &in+h .ana as to ho) the conspiracy ou+ht to be eBecuted and ho) false plea of alibi can be created by sho)in+ hi%self inside *ail on the alle+ed date of incident and thereby escapin+ fro% the lon+ hands of la). >PE>17, Ins)ector S*resh (a*shik3 >iii? /e also ad(ised accused &her &in+h .ana to put for)ard the na%e of one .a*ender as the second assailant and )hile -eepin+ .a*ender actually in *ail in so%e other case so that later on5 the case of the prosecution %ay fall flat. >PE>17, Ins)ector S*resh (a*shik3 >i(? /e also pro(ided one re(ol(er C$,'@ 32 328@2'F to accused &her &in+h .ana -no)in+ fully )ell that the sa%e )ill be used in the co%%ission of %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. >PE B6 Panka+ (alra? >(? /e )as arrested on 02.08.01 and %ade a disclosure state%ent )herein he stated about the details of the conspiracy so hatched. >PE>17, Ins)ector S*resh (a*shik? >(i? #n 16.08.2001 one diary )as alle+edly reco(ered fro% the house of &her &in+h .ana )here &her &in+h .ana had )ritten his phone State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 47 of 217 nu%ber and that of co1accused ,%it .athi. >PE>191 SI Satish Sharma and PE>176 Ins)ector #a+ender 0hatia3 A''0se- A+#! Ra!(# >i? ,ccused ,%it .athi )as runnin+ a +un house in the na%e of C&ubhash :un /ouseF at .oor-ee and )as an old ac=uaintance of accused &her &in+h .ana. >PE>7, "aG "hmed3 >ii? /e %ade a(ailable one re(ol(er labelled C0@B8@D E ,F to accused &her &in+h .ana -no)in+ fully )ell that it )as to be used in the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. >PE>17, Ins)ector S*resh (a*shik3 >iii? /e also +ot the +roo(es of the re(ol(er te%pered throu+h his e%ployee ,fa= ,h%ed so that it %ay not tally )ith the bullets so fired fro% it. >PE>7, "aG "hmed? >i(? ,fter the incident upon recei(in+ phone call fro% &her &in+h .ana he )ent a)ay after closin+ do)n his shop. >PE>1,6 5*lshan "rora, PE>1B9 #. (. &iwari3 >(? /e )as also arrested by the 'elhi !olice on 02.08.01 and he %ade a disclosure state%ent )herein he stated about the details of the conspiracy so entered into by the%. >PE>17, Ins)ector S*resh (a*shik3 >(i? #n 16.08.2001 one diary )as alle+edly reco(ered fro% the house of &her &in+h .ana )here &her &in+h .ana had )ritten his phone nu%ber and that of co1accused ,%it .athi. >PE>191 SI Satish Sharma and PE>176 Ins)ector #a+ender 0hatia3 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 48 of 217 A''0se- S(a)1a% @0+a) >i? /e )as )or-in+ at the li=uour (end of accused &her &in+h .ana at 4e*upur .oor-ee )hich )as allotted in the na%e of !an-a* 7alra. >PE>!1 ".(. Sharma, PE>B6 Panka+ (alra, PE>99 San+a% (*mar and PE>19, /m)al Singh3 >ii? /e also participated in the %eetin+ )ith co1accused &her &in+h .ana and other accused persons held at the residence of &her &in+h .ana )here the entire plan of eBecutin+ the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as )or-ed out and roles assi+ned to different conspirators. >PE>B6 Panka+ (alra? >iii? #n 18.07.2001 he )ent to /arid)ar *ail i%personatin+ hi%self as accused &her &in+h .ana after &urender &in+h .ana5 father of accused &her &in+h .ana )ithdre) his surety bond. /e si+ned ourt record and *ail record and put his thu%b i%pression o(er there as accused &her &in+h .ana. /e thereafter ca%e out on bail on the basis of fa-e surety furnished by accused &urender &in+h 2e+i and .a*bir &in+h. >PE> A9 SI .*shiaar Singh, PE>A7 5anga #am, PE>19! Ms. Dee)a 1erma, PE>19A "dvocate #amesh -hander "garwal, PE>199 La<man Singh, PE>1!! "dvocate Satish -ha*dhar%, PE>177 -het #am3 >i(? ,fter the incident he absconded and )as declared proclai%ed offender and ca%e to be apprehended only in <uly5 2004. /e thereafter %ade a disclosure state%ent statin+ about the details of the conspiracy so entered by hi% )ith other co1accused persons. >PE>16B E8-t. "nita, PE> 196 Ins)ector 0raham+eet Singh and PE>17, Ins)ector S*resh (a*shik3 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 49 of 217 >(? H#s !(0+A #+B)ess#o% 1e)e oA!a#%e- a%- !(e sa+e !a$$#e- 1#!( !(a! o% !(e Ha)#-1a) Co0)! )e'o)- o) !(a! o% !(e Ha)#-1a) Ja#$ )e'o)-. A''0se- @es(a< C(a0(a% >i? /e )as a (isitor to the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and had co%e on 25.07.2001 only. #n the day of incident )hen firin+ too- place and the assailants dropped t)o country %ade pistols >)eapons of offence? at the spot so in the co%%otion )hich too- place soon thereafter he pic-ed up the said country %ade pistols )ith a (ie) to earn %oney by sellin+ the% at so%e later point of ti%e and -ept the% in a +ara+e in the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. >!016 &urender &har%a5 PE>167 #am -handra (ash%a), PE>1!1 #an+eet (herwar, PE>1B, 'med Singh? >ii? !016 &urender &har%a5 a chance )itness sa) hi% re%o(in+ the t)o country %ade pistols fro% the spot. 8ater on he told about it to 3# ,! &uresh 7aushi- >PE>B S*render Sharma and PE>17, Ins). S*resh (a*shik3 >iii? #n 26.07.2001 !01141 .an*eet 7her)ar sa) the t)o country %ade pistols in the +ara+e of house no. 445 ,sho-a .oad and later on upon co%in+ to -no) that accused 7esha( hauhan -ept the% o(er there5 he infor%ed .a% handra 7ashyap about it and )ho in turn infor%ed 6%ed &in+h. 6%ed &in+h thereafter on 30.07.01 infor%ed 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi- in )ritin+ about the said t)o desi -attas lyin+ in the +ara+e of the house and thereafter the t)o desi -attas )ere reco(ered fro% the +ara+e of the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i 3.e 445 ,sho-a .oad. >PE>167 #am State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 50 of 217 -handra (ash%a), PE>1!1 #an+eet (herwar, PE>1B, 'med Singh and PE>17, Ins)ector S*resh (a*shik3 /e thus caused disappearance of the e(idence of the cri%e by re%o(in+ and concealin+ the t)o )eapons of offence fro% the spot. 38. ,s earlier %entioned for the purposes of ready reference 3 a% hereby %entionin+ the na%es of all the 171 prosecution )itnesses beside the 5 defence )itnesses and 5 ourt )itnesses in a tabular for% )ith a (ery brief reference of the role played by the% durin+ the course of in(esti+ation. PROSECUTION WITNESSES S.No NA?E OF THE WITNESS RE?AR@S !011 2ir%al handra &arba*na #)ner of ,%antran :uest /ouse 2 !012 9. !urshotta% .ao #&'5 &ecurity5 !arlia%ent &treet 3 !013 7o(id Batra ;riend of accused &her &in+h .ana and o)ner of %obile phone no. 9837222779 4 !014 ,shu &har%a /e sold %obile phone !anasonic :'92 to accused &her &in+h .ana after purchasin+ fro% :ray $ar-et >:affar $ar-et? 5 !015 3nder*eet &er(ice ,d(isor at $aruti &er(ice $aster5 #-hla )here car of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as bein+ repaired 6 !016 &urender &har%a hance )itness at the ti%e of incident 7 !017 3nspector /a)a &in+h 3nspector5 !olice ontrol .oo% )here phone calls pertainin+ to incident )ere recei(ed 8 !018 / 7uldeep /e recorded different infor%ation at !olice ontrol .oo% 9 !019 3nspector !hool &in+h 3nchar+e5 !olice ontrol .oo% 10 !0110 / Bha+)ati .ecorded infor%ation recei(ed in 4raffic ontrol .oo% on the day of incident 11 !0111 / <oy &.: .ecorded infor%ation in !olice ontrol .oo%5 2e) 'elhi 'istrict State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 51 of 217 S.No NA?E OF THE WITNESS RE?AR@S 12 !0112 / 'hara%bir .ecorded infor%ation in 4raffic ontrol .oo% on the day of incident 13 !0113 ,&3 &atish <oshi !olice official fro% !& $andir $ar+ )ho first of all sa) abandoned car no. 3$ 907 at !andit !ant $ar+ alon+)ith !0124 ,&3 &ri 7rishan 14 !0114 t &usana .ecorded infor%ation at !olice ontrol .oo% on the day of incident 15 !0115 / 9irender &in+h .ecorded infor%ation at !olice ontrol .oo% on the day of incident 16 !0116 t 9i%la .ecorded infor%ation at !olice ontrol .oo% on the day of incident 17 !0117 6%a -ashyap .e%o(ed &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender to .$8 hospital 18 !0118 9i*ay 7u%ar 7ashyap /usband of !0117 6%a 7ashyap. /e and his )ife had co%e to the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i on the %ornin+ of 25.07.2001 in car 2o. 3$ 907 dri(en by accused &her &in+h .ana 19 !0119 t &atbir .ecorded infor%ation at !olice ontrol roo% on the day of incident 20 !0120 / $ohanlal /e con(eyed infor%ation to !. about the incident 21 !0121 !radeep &/o $ahender !hoto+rapher )ho too- photo+raphs of the (isit of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i to /arid)ar in ,pril5 2001 22 !0122 <a(ed 7han ;riend of accused &her &in+h .ana and studied )ith hi% in colle+e 23 !0123 / $ano* 7u%ar .ecorded infor%ation at !olice ontrol .oo% on the day of incident 24 !0124 ,&3 &ri 7rishan 4raffic !olice #fficial )ho alon+)ith !0113 ,&3 &atish <oshi first of all reached near car 2o. 3$ 907 at !andit !ant $ar+ 25 !0125 2a(een 7u%ar &enior $ana+er5 entral Ban- of 3ndia5 .oor-ee 26 !0126 &afi= ,h%ed .ecorded infor%ation at !olice ontrol .oo% on the day of incident 27 !0127 $ahade( Dada( G .a% $ahade( .e+istered o)ner of 4&. 2o. ',. 1460 )hich )as subse=uently +ot replaced fro% 4ransport ,uthority by 4&. 2o. '81.; 0235 28 !0128 .a%esh)ar &har%a /e pro(ided finance to !01114 Bahadur &hah to purchase 4&. 2o. '81.; 0235 fro% !0127 $ahade( Dada( 29 !0129 <a+annath /e had financed 4&. 2o. ',. 1460 to !0127 $ahade( Dada( State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 52 of 217 S.No NA?E OF THE WITNESS RE?AR@S 30 !0130 .a*a 7u%ar ;riend of accused &her &in+h .ana and studied )ith hi% at &t. :abriel &chool5 .oor-ee 31 !0131 /e%ant &oni ,ccountant5 .4# #ffice5 :haAiabad5 6! 32 !0132 $adanpal &in+h 6'5 .4# #ffice5 Burari 33 !0133 'r. !radeep &aBena /e prepared death report of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i at .$8 hospital 34 !0134 &3 3nder &in+h /e arrested accused .a*ender on 03.07.2001 in a case at /arid)ar for the offence u/s 60 @Bcise ,ct 35 !0135 t 2arender &in+h 'uty onstable at .$8 hospital 36 !0136 'r. 9eena $aha*an &he eBa%ined in*ured t. Balender at .$8 hospital 37 !0137 'r. $.! ,rora /e also eBa%ined in*ured t. Balender at .$8 hospital 38 !0138 'r. $adhu 2atra*an .adiolo+ist )ho too- J1.ay of t. Balender 39 !0139 t ,sh)ani 7u%ar /e alon+)ith t. &an*ay 7u%ar apprehended accused .a*ender on 03.07.2001 at /arid)ar )hile he )as carryin+ a can of li=uor 40 !0140 t 2arinder &in+h 'uty #fficer at !& <a)alapur5 /arid)ar )ho recorded ;3. 2o. 246/01 on 03.08.2001 u/s 60 @Bcise ,ct 41 !0141 ,. 7. &har%a 'eputy @Bcise o%%issioner5 'ehradun5 6ttranchal 42 !0142 9irender :iri #)ner of t)o )heeler scooter 2o. 6! 10 9577 43 !0143 Bhupinder &in+h Bisht 6'5 .4# #ffice5 /arid)ar5 6ttranchal 44 !0144 t. &an*ay !an)ar onstable 6ttranchal !olice. 'ropped by prosecution bein+ )itness of repetiti(e facts already deposed by !01 39 t. ,sh)ani 7u%ar 45 !0145 &urinder 7u%ar ,ccounts #fficer5 Ban-in+5 $4285 <anpath5 2e) 'elhi 46 !0146 &an*ay &har%a &'#5 B&285 .oor-ee 47 !0147 t. ,%it 7u%ar ,nother !&# of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )ho )as not on duty at the ti%e of incident. 48 !0148 t. 'e(inder ,nother !&# of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )ho )as not on duty at the ti%e of incident. 49 !0149 'r. ,tul $urari /e conducted post%orte% eBa%ination on the body of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i at 8ady /ardin+ $edical olle+e 50 !0150 ,&3 $al-iat &in+h 'uty #fficer5 !& !arlia%ent &treet )ho recorded ;3. 2o. 253/01 in the present case besides other '' entries pertainin+ to present case 51 !0151 ,&3 .a*bir &in+h $/$5 !& !arlia%ent &treet 52 !0152 7alicharan ,n eye )itness on )hose co%plaint the present case )as re+istered State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 53 of 217 S.No NA?E OF THE WITNESS RE?AR@S 53 !0153 / 9.7 4ya+i !olice official of !& 7ot)ali5 'ehradun 54 !0154 / .a%*it &in+h .ecorded infor%ation at !olice ontrol .oo% on the day of incident 55 !0155 3nspector /arpal &in+h 3nspector5 &ecurity 0in+5 'elhi !olice 56 !0156 / 7a%al &in+h 3nchar+e5 !. 9an 9ictor131 )hich reached at the spot first of all 57 !0157 ,&3 Kile &in+h .ecord ler-5 !olice ontrol .oo% 58 !0158 ,&3 9irender &in+h /ead $orhar5 !& 'allan)ala5 'ehradun 59 !0159 &3 4e*pal 3nchar+e5 @ Bloc-5 &ecurity 0in+5 'elhi !olice 60 !0160 'r. !oona% 9ohra &he pro(ed report of .adiolo+ist 'r. $adhu 2atra*an >)ho )as not a(ailable? re+ardin+ J1.ay plates of t. Balender 61 !0161 'e(ender 7u%ar $ittal #)ner of /otel ')apar5 $ussoorie 62 !0162 !an-a* 7alra ;riend of accused &her &in+h .ana and star )itness =ua conspiracy 63 !0163 &3 Balbir &in+h /aryana !olice #fficer posted at Da%una 2a+ar 64 !0164 'eepa- &/o !re% !ra-ash .eceptionist5 /otel ,sho-a5 Da%una 2a+ar 65 !0165 &3 <a+dish !rasad !osted at .$8 hospital on the day of incident 66 !0166 t &atpal &in+h !osted in 'istrict <ail5 /arid)ar 67 !0167 Bha)ani &in+h Dada( ':$5 B&285 2arnol5 /aryana 68 !0168 ,noop 7u%ar &aBena .4# #fficer5 3ndore5 $! 69 !0169 &h. $ohan &in+h 0itness =ua seiAure of records of /otel :reen 3nternational5 &ahranpur 70 !0170 ,fa= ,h%ed @%ployee at the shop of accused ,%it .athi 71 !0171 t. .ishipal !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 72 !0172 3nspector 9.7 &har%a 3nspector5 !. >,d%n.? reached !andit !ant $ar+ upon recei(in+ infor%ation about car no. 3$ 907 73 !0173 / Balender 3n*ured !&# of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i 74 !0174 /arish 4ya+i ,sstt. $ana+er5 :an+a 9ie) /otel5 /arid)ar1.ishi-esh .oad 75 !0175 ,&3 .a-esh 7u%ar &pl ell !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 54 of 217 S.No NA?E OF THE WITNESS RE?AR@S 76 !0176 9.&. .a)at 8'5 8ady /ardin+ $edical olle+e 77 !0177 t. &atpal 'uty onstable5 .$8 hospital 78 !0178 ,ddl. '! .anbir &in+h ,!5 !& !arlia%ent &treet at the ti%e of incident 79 !0179 &3 $ahesh 7u%ar 'rafts%an5 ri%e Branch 80 !0180 &3 Bhi% &en !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 81 !0181 / <aipal &in+h /ead $ohrar5 !& :an+ 2ahar5 .oor-ee 82 !0182 ,&3 ,%ar*eet &in+h !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi and participated in the in(esti+ation 83 !0183 &3 /ushiaar &in+h 2aib ourt in the court of 8d. ,<$115 /arid)ar 84 !0184 7a%lesh)ar $ishra &ub 'i(isional @n+ineer5 4elephones5 B&285 /arid)ar 85 !0185 :an+a .a% !ra*apati 'eputy <ailer5 /arid)ar <ail 86 !0186 &urinder 7apoor 'irector 2e)s5 ,sian 2e)s 3nternational 87 !0187 7ishore ,rora a%era%an5 ,sian 2e)s 3nternational 88 !0188 ,shish :oyal .eporter5 ,sian 2e)s 3nternational 89 !0189 .a*esh &har%a &taff .eporter5 C'oon 9alley $ailF 90 !0190 3nsp. .a%esh hand ri%e Branch !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 91 !0191 &3 <aibir &in+h !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 92 !0192 t &a**ad ,li !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 93 !0193 $ansur ,la% /e sold car 2o. 3$ 907 to accused &her &in+h .ana 94 !0194 ,nura+ 4ya+i ;riend of accused &her &in+h .ana )ho sold %obile phone no. 9837237160 to accused &her &in+h .ana 95 !0195 t 9i-al !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 96 !0196 t. .oop hand !hoto+rapher5 !& !arlia%ent &treet5 2e) 'elhi 97 !0197 <eet &in+h !ri(ate rane 'ri(er attached on 4raffic !olice 'uty 98 !0198 / 9ishal $ani !olice #fficial fro% !& :an+ 2ahar5 .oor-ee 99 !0199 &an*ay 7u%ar @Bcise 3nspector5 .oor-ee5 'istt. /arid)ar 100 !01100 $ana)ar 7han 0itness of sale of car 2o. 3$ 907 by !0193 $ansur ,la% to accused &her &in+h .ana 101 !01101 3sh)ar &in+h ,ddl. '!5 ri%e Branch and participated in in(esti+ation State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 55 of 217 S.No NA?E OF THE WITNESS RE?AR@S 102 !01102 :ulshan ,rora 2odal #fficer5 @&&,. 103 !01103 / $ahender 7u%ar 3nchar+e5 !. 9an )ho (isited !andit !ant $ar+ )here car 2o. 3$ 907 )as found 104 !01104 $unni 'e(i &ister of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )ho re%o(ed her and t. Balender to hospital 105 !01105 'aan &in+h 2e+i hief ,sstt. ,.4# #ffice5 /arid)ar5 6ttranchal 106 !01106 Bhartendu 7aushal /e prepared car nu%ber plate bearin+ no. 6! 10 B 3007 107 !01107 &ur(ir &in+h &ecurity :uard5 /otel :an+a 9ie)5 /arid)ar1.ishi-esh .oad 108 !01108 ,&3 #% !ra-ash !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 109 !01109 &3 !ra-ash hand !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 110 !01110 .2. 7u%ar 'eputy &!5 2ational ri%e .ecord Bureau 111 !01111 &h. 9.7. Dada(. 8d. ,'< 8d. ,'<5 'elhi )ho recorded state%ent u/s 164 r.!.. of !0117 6%a 7ashyap and !0118 9i*ay 7ashyap 112 !01112 ,&3 .oshanalal 'uty #fficer5 !& <a)alapur5 /arid)ar 113 !01113 3nsp. .an &in+h !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 114 !01114 Bahadur &in+h &hah 'ri(er of 4&. 2o. '8 1 .; 0235 115 !01115 ,&3 .a(inder !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 116 !01116 'eepa- !urohit .eceptionist5 /otel :an+a 9ie)5 /arid)ar .ishi-esh .oad 117 !01117 &. &. .athi 8d. ,'< )ho conducted 43! of accused 'han !ar-ash 118 !01118 2aresh #)ner of C$ohan $otorsF at :haAiabad 119 !01119 .a*ender !rasad &har%a ,hl%ad in the court of 8d. ,<$115 /arid)ar 120 !01120 ,nil 7u%ar ,hl%ad in the court of 8d. ,<$115 /arid)ar 121 !01121 &an*ay 7apoor .eceptionist5 ,sho-a /otel5 Da%una 2a+ar 122 !01122 :ur%ail &in+h !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 123 !01123 ,&3 Braha% !ra-ash !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 124 !01124 Babu .a% 'ubey $ana+er5 !ro%ila /otel5 /arid)ar 125 !01125 &h. &atpal &in+h $ana+er5 /otel Datri-5 9i-as 2a+ar5 'ehradun State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 56 of 217 S.No NA?E OF THE WITNESS RE?AR@S 126 !01126 0/t. ,nita 'uty #fficer5 ,nti .obbery &ection in 2004 )hen accused &har)an 7u%ar )as arrested 127 !01127 .a% handra 7ashyap /e helped in re%o(in+ &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender to hospital and also deposed =ua accused 7esha( hauhan 128 !01128 t. ,nil !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 129 !01129 9inod 9ish)anath hance )itness at the ti%e of incident 130 !01130 #%pal &in+h #)ner of hard)are shop near li=uor (end of accused &her &in+h .ana at 4e*upur5 .oor-ee 131 !01131 3nsp. &atish &har%a !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 132 !01132 3nsp. Braha%*eet &in+h /e arrested accused &har)an in <uly5 2004 after he )as declared proclai%ed offender 133 !01133 3nsp. 7.! &in+h !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 134 !01134 ,.! 9er%a ;in+er !rint @Bpert5 ;&8 135 !01135 'eepa 9er%a 'ocu%ents @Ba%iner5 ;&8 136 !01136 :. :anesha !hoto+rapher5 ;in+er !rint Bureau5 $al(iya 2a+ar 137 !01137 !. Ba)a ;in+er !rint @Bpert5 ;&8 138 !01138 .a%esh hander ,++ar)al ,d(ocate !racticin+ at /arid)ar ourts 139 !01139 8aB%an &in+h ler- of !01144 ,d(ocate &atish haudhary at /arid)ar ourts 140 !01140 .a*esh .asto+i ,d(ocate !racticin+ at /arid)ar ourts 141 !01141 .an*eet 7her)ar 'eposed =ua accused 7esha( hauhan 142 !01142 t. &unil 7u%ar '' 0riter5 !& 'hallan)ala5 /arid)ar 143 !01143 &. 7. hadha ;in+er !rint @Bpert5 ;&85 B3 8ab 144 !01144 &atish haudhary ,d(ocate !racticin+ at /arid)ar ourts 145 !01145 t. 9. 7. :ur*ar onstable posted at 'istrict <ail5 /arid)ar 146 !01146 &/# !ari-shit 7u%ar &/#5 !& 'hallan)ala )ho arrested accused &her &in+h .ana 147 !01147 t. 7aushal 7ishore onstable5 'istrict <ail5 /arid)ar 148 !01148 &3 ,(desh 7u%ar ;in+er !rint @Bpert5 ;in+er !rint Bureau5 $al(iya 2a+ar 149 !01149 &h. 7. . 9arsheney Ballistic @Bpert5 ;&85'elhi 150 !01150 Binay 7u%ar $ishra ,sstt. 'irector5 2ational ri%e .ecord Bureau5 'elhi State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 57 of 217 S.No NA?E OF THE WITNESS RE?AR@S 151 !01151 3nsp ,. 7. &in+h5 B3'5 $eerut &/#5 !& $andi5 'istt. &ahranpur5 )ho arrested accused .a*ender5 .a*bir and &he-har alon+)ith !01155 '&! 6%ed &in+h 152 !01152 3nspector .a*ender Bhatia5 &/#5 $ehrauli !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 153 !01153 / $aya 'e(i 'uty #fficer5 !& /ari 2a+ar5 'elhi )ho recorded ;3. 2o. 95/04 re+ardin+ abscondance of accused &her &in+h .ana fro% 4ihar <ail 154 !01154 3nsp. ,sho- 7u%ar !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 155 !01155 '&! 6%ed &in+h &/#5 !& &adar BaAar5 &ahranpur5 6! )ho arrested accused &he-har5 .a*ender and .a*bir alon+)ith !01151 3nspector ,. 7. &in+h 156 !01156 ,.7. &hri(asta( ,sstt. 'irector >Biolo+y?5 ;&85 'elhi 157 !01157 het .a% ;in+er !rint @Bpert5 ;&85 'elhi 158 !01158 3nsp. 9ishnu hand :auta% &/#5 !& $uAaffarpur5 6! )ho had arrested $usta-ee% in an ,r%s ,ct case 159 !01159 / !. 7. .an*an !hoto+rapher5 ;in+er !rint Bureau5 $al(iya 2a+ar 160 !01160 6%ed &in+h /usband of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i 161 !01161 3nsp. &. 2. 7han /e for%ally arrested accused &har)an 7u%ar in the year 2004 162 !01162 &3 &an*ee( $andal !osted at !& !arlia%ent &treet and participated in initial in(esti+ation )ith initial 3# !01167 ,! :. 8. $ehta 163 !01163 &3 6pender &in+h !osted at !& !arlia%ent &treet and participated in initial in(esti+ation )ith initial 3# !01167 ,! :. 8. $ehta 164 !01164 .a*neesh &har%a $aruti (an dri(er in )hose (ehicle &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender )ere re%o(ed to hospital fro% the spot. 165 !01165 &3 &an*ee( 9er%a !osted at !& !arlia%ent &treet and participated in initial in(esti+ation )ith initial 3# !01167 ,! :. 8. $ehta 166 !01166 &h. $.&. 6padhyaya '!5 ri%e5 'elhi !olice )ho +a(e sanction u/s 39 ,r%s ,ct5 1959 167 !01167 ,! :. 8. $ehta &/# !& !arlia%ent &treet and )as the initial 3n(esti+atin+ #fficer 168 !01168 &3 $ano* 7u%ar !osted at ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice and participated in the in(esti+ation 169 !01169 ..7.4i)ari 2odal #fficer5 @@8 170 !01170 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi- >3/#? $ain 3n(esti+atin+ #fficer of the case fro% ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice 171 !01171 9i(e- $alhotra ,sstt. &ales $ana+er5 @@8 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 58 of 217 DEFENCE WITNESSES S.NO NA?E OF THE WITNESS RE?AR@S 1 '011 !ar(een $ittal ,ccused eBa%ined hi%self u/s 315 r.!.. 2 '012 &he-har &in+h ,ccused eBa%ined hi%self u/s 315 r.!.. 3 '013 /aAi $ehaboob !roperty 'ealer at .oor-ee 4 '014 8alit &in+h &ub 'i(isional @n+ineer5 B&285 .oor-ee 5 '015 / ,%ar*eet &in+h &pecial $essen+er5 !& !arlia%ent &treet )ho deli(ered copy of ;3. in the present case to senior officers COURT WITNESSES S.No. NA?E OF THE WITNESS
RE?AR@S 1 &h. 'ilip 7r. hatur(edi 'rafts%an 6ttranchal !iyau <al 2a+ar5 /arid)ar 2 &h. :iri .a* &in+h ,hl%ad in the court of &h. '.7.&har%a5 8d.$$5 'elhi 3 &h. 9i*ay 7u%ar ,thuni5 ,#/<udicial Branch !3#5 2e) 'elhi 'istrict5 !atiala /ouse ourts5 2e) 'elhi 4 &3 &hya% &under 3nchar+e5 .43 ell5 ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice 5 &h. &uresh .oy <oint o%%issioner of !olice5 2e) 'elhi .an+e5 'elhi !olice as on the day of incident i.e. 25.07.2001 39. ,s conspiracy is the pri%ary char+e a+ainst the accused persons so it )ill be appropriate to first ha(e a brief +lance of the definition5 essential features and proof thereof. 40. 3n the case Ra;es( @0+a) a%- O)s. <. S!a!e, C)$. A No. 16200, -e'#-e- o% 2,.05.200 the /onHble 'elhi /i+h ourt su%%ed up State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 59 of 217 the la) of conspiracy1definition essential features and proof as under"1 C128. ,s conspiracy is the pri%ary char+e a+ainst the accused5 )e first ad(ert to the la) of conspiracy 1 its definition5 essential features and proof. 129. &ection 1201, defines Lcri%inal conspiracy as under"1 MDe"#%#!#o% o" ')#+#%a$ 'o%sB#)a'2 1 0hen t)o or %ore person a+ree to do5 or cause to be done5 >1? ,n ille+al act5 or ,n act )hich is not ille+al by ille+al %eans5 such an a+ree%ent is desi+nated a cri%inal conspiracy" !ro(ided that no a+ree%ent eBcept an a+ree%ent to co%%it an offence shall a%ount to a cri%inal conspiracy unless so%e act besides the a+ree%ent is done by one or %ore parties to such a+ree%ent in pursuance thereof @Bplanation" 1 3t is i%%aterial )hether the ille+al act is the ulti%ate ob*ect of such a+ree%ent5 or is %erely incidental to that ob*ect.M 130. 3t is clear fro% the abo(e noted definition of Lcri%inal conspiracy that the three essential ele%ents of offence of conspiracy are >a? a cri%inal ob*ect5 )hich %ay be either the ulti%ate ai% of the a+ree%ent5 or %ay constitute the %eans5 or one of the %eans by )hich that ai% is to be acco%plishedN >b? a plan or sche%e e%bodyin+ %eans to acco%plish that ob*ectN >c? an a+ree%ent or understandin+ bet)een t)o or %ore of the accused persons )hereby5 they beco%e definitely co%%itted to cooperate for the acco%plish%ent of the ob*ect by the %eans e%bodied in the a+ree%ent5 or by any effectual %eans. 4hus5 the +ist of offence of cri%inal conspiracy is an a+ree%ent to brea- the la). 131. &ections 1201, and 1201B )ere brou+ht on the statute boo- by )ay of ri%inal 8a) ,%end%ent ,ct5 1913. @arlier to the introduction of &ections 120, and 120B5 conspiracy per se )as not an offence under the 3ndian !enal ode eBcept in respect of the offence %entioned in &ection 121,. 3n the #b*ects and .easons State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 60 of 217 to the ,%end%ent Bill5 it )as eBplicitly stated that the ne) pro(isions >1201, E B? )ere Mdesi+ned to assi%ilate the pro(isions of the 3ndian !enal ode to those of the @n+lish 8a)....M 4hus5 &ections 120, E 120B %ade conspiracy a substanti(e offence and rendered the %ere a+ree%ent to co%%it an offence punishable. 132. !roof of a cri%inal conspiracy by direct e(idence is not easy to +et and probably for this reason &ection 10 of the 3ndian @(idence ,ct )as enacted. 3t reads as under"1 E10. T(#%&s sa#- o) -o%e A2 'o%sB#)a!o) #% )e"e)e%'e !o 'o++o% -es#&%"1 0here there is reasonable +round to belie(e that t)o or %ore persons ha(e conspired to+ether to co%%it an offence or an actionable )ron+5 anythin+ said5 done or )ritten by any one of such persons in reference to their co%%on intention5 after the ti%e )hen such intention )as first entertained by any one of the%5 is a rele(ant fact as a+ainst each of the persons belie(ed to so conspirin+5 as )ell for the purpose of pro(in+ the eBistence of the conspiracy as for the purpose of sho)in+ that any such person )as a party to it.M 133. 4hus5 the substanti(e section of the 3! i.e. &ection 1201, adu%brated thereon &ection 10 of the 3ndian @(idence ,ct +i(e us the le+islati(e pro(isions applicable to conspiracy and its proof. 134. ,fter sur(ey of the case la) on the point5 follo)in+ le+al principles pertainin+ to the la) of conspiracy can be con(eniently culled out"1 , 0hen t)o or %ore persons a+ree to co%%it a cri%e of conspiracy5 then re+ardless of %a-in+ or considerin+ any plans for its co%%ission5 and despite the fact that no step is ta-en by any such person to carry out their co%%on purpose5 a cri%e is co%%itted by each and e(ery one )ho *oins in the a+ree%ent. 4here has thus to be t)o conspirators and there %ay be %ore than that. 4o pro(e the char+e of conspiracy it is not necessary that intended cri%e )as co%%itted or not. 3f co%%itted it %ay further help prosecution to pro(e the char+e of conspiracy. >&ee the decision of &upre%e ourt reported as &tate ( 2alini >1999? 5 & 253? B 4he (ery a+ree%ent5 concert or lea+ue is the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 61 of 217 in+redient of the offence. 3t is not necessary that all the conspirators %ust -no) each and e(ery detail of the conspiracy as lon+ as they are co1participators in the %ain ob*ect of the conspiracy. 3t is not necessary that all conspirators should a+ree to the co%%on purpose at the sa%e ti%e. 4hey %ay *oin )ith other conspirators at any ti%e before the consu%%ation of the intended ob*ecti(e5 and all are e=ually responsible. 0hat part each conspirator is to play %ay not be -no)n to e(eryone or the fact as to )hen a conspirator *oined the conspiracy and )hen he left. 4here %ay be so %any de(ices and techni=ues adopted to achie(e the co%%on +oal of the conspiracy and there %ay be di(ision of perfor%ances in the chain of actions )ith one ob*ect to achie(e the real end of )hich e(ery collaborator %ust be a)are and in )hich each one of the% %ust be interested. 4here %ust be unity of ob*ect or purpose but there %ay be plurality of %eans so%eti%es e(en un-no)n to one another5 a%on+st the conspirators. 3n achie(in+ the +oal se(eral offences %ay be co%%itted by so%e of the conspirators e(en un-no)n to the others. 4he only rele(ant factor is that all %eans adopted and ille+al acts done %ust be and purported to be in furtherance of the ob*ect of the conspiracy e(en thou+h there %ay be so%eti%es %isfire or o(ershootin+ by so%e of the conspirators. @(en if so%e steps are resorted to by one or t)o of the conspirators )ithout the -no)led+e of the others it )ill not affect the culpability of those others )hen they are associated )ith the ob*ect of the conspiracy. But then there has to be present %utual interest. !ersons %ay be %e%bers of sin+le conspiracy e(en thou+h each is i+norant of the identity of %any others )ho %ay ha(e di(erse role to play. 3t is not a part of the cri%e of conspiracy that all the conspirators need to a+ree to play the sa%e or an acti(e role. >&ee the decisions of &upre%e ourt reported as Iash Pal Mittal v State o P*n+ab ,3. 1977 & 2433 and State v 4alini >1999? 5 & 253? 3t is the unla)ful a+ree%ent and not its acco%plish%ent5 )hich is the +ist or essence of the cri%e of conspiracy. #ffence of cri%inal conspiracy is co%plete e(en thou+h there is no a+ree%ent as to the %eans by )hich the purpose is to be acco%plished. 3t is the unla)ful State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 62 of 217 a+ree%ent5 )hich is the +raha% of the cri%e of conspiracy. ' 4he unla)ful a+ree%ent )hich a%ounts to a conspiracy need not be for%al or eBpress5 but %ay be inherent in and inferred fro% the circu%stances5 especially declarations5 acts5 and conduct of the conspirators. 4he a+ree%ent need not be entered into by all the parties to it at the sa%e ti%e5 but %ay be reached by successi(e actions e(idencin+ their *oinin+ of the conspiracy. &ince a conspiracy is +enerally hatched in secrecy5 it )ould =uite often happen that there is no e(idence of any eBpress a+ree%ent bet)een the conspirators to do or cause to be done the ille+al act. ;or an offence under &ection 120B5 the prosecution need not necessarily pro(e that the perpetrators eBpressly a+reed to do or cause to be done the ille+al actN the a+ree%ent %ay be pro(ed by necessary i%plication. 4he offence can be only pro(ed lar+ely fro% the inference dra)n fro% acts or ille+al o%ission co%%itted by the conspirators in pursuance of a co%%on desi+n. 4he prosecution )ill also %ore often rely upon circu%stantial e(idence. 3t is not necessary to pro(e actual %eetin+ of conspirators. 2or it is necessary to pro(e the actual )ords of co%%unication. 4he e(idence as to trans%ission of thou+hts sharin+ the unla)ful desi+n is sufficient. &urroundin+ circu%stances and antecedent and subse=uent conduct of accused persons constitute rele(ant %aterial to pro(e char+e of conspiracy. >&ee the decisions of &upre%e ourt reported as &hi(narayan 8aB%inarayan <oshi ( &tate of $aharashtra ,3. 1980 & 4395 $oha%%ad 6s%an $oha%%ad /ussain $aniyar ( &tate of $aharashtra ,3. 1981 & 1062 and 7ehar &in+h ( &tate ,3. 1988 & 1883? @ , conspiracy is a continuin+ offence and continues to subsist and co%%itted )here(er one of the conspirators does an act or series of acts. &o lon+ as its perfor%ance continues5 it is a continuin+ offence till it is eBecuted or rescinded or frustrated by choice or necessity. , cri%e is co%plete as soon as the a+ree%ent is %ade5 but it is not a thin+ of the %o%ent. 3t does not end )ith the %a-in+ of the a+ree%ent. 3t )ill continue so lon+ as there are t)o or %ore parties to it intendin+ to carry into effect the desi+n. 3ts continuance is a threat to the society a+ainst )hich it State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 63 of 217 )as ai%ed at and )ould be dealt )ith as soon as that *urisdiction can properly clai% the po)er to do so. 4he conspiracy desi+ned or a+reed abroad )ill ha(e the sa%e effect as in 3ndia5 )hen part of the acts5 pursuant to the a+ree%ent are a+reed to be finaliAed or done5 atte%pted or e(en frustrated and (ice (ersa. ; &ection 10 of the @(idence ,ct introduces the doctrine of a+ency and if the conditions laid do)n therein are satisfied5 the acts done by one are ad%issible a+ainst the co1 conspirators. 3n short5 the section can be analysed as follo)s" >1? 4here shall be a pri%a facie e(idence affordin+ a reasonable +round for a ourt to belie(e that t)o or %ore persons are %e%bers of a conspiracyN >2? if the said condition is fulfilled5 anythin+ said5 done or )ritten by any one of the% in reference to their co%%on intention )ill be e(idence a+ainst the otherN >3? anythin+ said5 done or )ritten by hi% should ha(e been said5 done or )ritten by hi% after the intention )as for%ed by any one of the%N >4? it )ould also be rele(ant for the said purpose a+ainst another )ho entered the conspiracy )hether it )as said5 done or )ritten before he entered the conspiracy or after he left itN and >5? it can only be used a+ainst a co1 conspirator and not in his fa(our. >&ee the decision of &upre%e ourt reported as &ardar &ardul &in+h ( &tate of $aharashtra ,3. 1957 & 747.?F 41. Beside the direct e(idence of the eye )itnesses of the incident the prosecution case pri%arily rests upon circu%stantial e(idence. 3t )ill be thus appropriate to refer to the discussion by /onHble /i+h ourt on circu%stantial e(idence also %ade in the said case itself i.e. Ra;es( @0+a) a%- O)s. /s0B)a3 C135. ,s discussed in the fore+oin+ paras5 %ore often than not5 the prosecution )ould adduce circu%stantial e(idence to pro(e the char+e of conspiracy. 4he =uestion )hich arises is that )hat should be the nature of circu%stantial e(idence in a case of conspiracy to brin+ ho%e the +uilt of the accused persons. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 64 of 217 136. 4he )ell -no)n rule +o(ernin+ circu%stantial e(idence that "1 >a? the circu%stances fro% )hich the inference of +uilt of the accused is dra)n ha(e to be pro(ed beyond reasonable doubt and ha(e to be sho)n to be closely connected )ith the principal fact sou+ht to be inferred fro% those circu%stancesN >b? the circu%stances are of a deter%inati(e tendency unerrin+ly pointin+ to)ards the +uilt of the accusedN and >c? the circu%stances5 ta-en collecti(ely5 are incapable of eBplanation on any reasonable hypothesis sa(e that of the +uilt sou+ht to be pro(ed a+ainst hi%5 is fully applicable in cases of proof of conspiracy. 4he courts ha(e added t)o riders to aforesaid principleN na%ely5 >i? there should be no %issin+ lin-s but it is not that e(ery one of the rl.,.195 515 1215 1395 144 E 65/2007 !a+e 81 of 183 lin-s %ust appear on the surface of the e(idence5 since so%e of these lin-s can only be inferred fro% the pro(ed facts and >ii? it cannot be said that the prosecution %ust %eet any and e(ery hypothesis put for)ard by the accused ho)e(er far1 fetched and fanciful it %ay %i+ht be. >&ee the decision of &upre%e ourt reported as :a+an 7ano*ia ( &tate of !un*ab >2006? 13 & 516? 137. 4he =uestion )hich arises for consideration is5 )hat does the eBpression Lpro(ed beyond reasonable doubt occurrin+ in the afore1noted cardinal rule of circu%stantial e(idence si+nify. 'oes it %ean that the prosecution is re=uired to pro(e its case )ith hundred percent certaintyO 138. 4he ans)er to the aforesaid =uestion can be found in the follo)in+ obser(ations of &upre%e ourt in the decision reported as 8al &in+h ( &tate of :u*arat ,3. 2001 & 746"1 M4he learned &r. ounsel $r. &ushil 7u%ar sub%itted that prosecution has not pro(ed beyond reasonable doubt all the lin-s relied upon by it. 3n our (ie)5 to say that prosecution has to pro(e the case )ith a hundred percent certainty is %yth. &ince last %any years the nation is facin+ +reat stress and strain because of %is+uided %ilitants and co1operation to the %ilitancy5 )hich has affected the social security5 peace and stability. 3t is co%%on -no)led+e that such terrorist acti(ities are carried out )ith ut%ost secrecy. $any facts pertainin+ to such acti(ities re%ain in personal -no)led+e of the person State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 65 of 217 concerned. /ence5 in case of conspiracy and particularly such acti(ities5 better e(idence than acts and state%ents includin+ that of co1conspirators in pursuance of the conspiracy is hardly a(ailable............. ;or assessin+ e(idence in such cases5 this ourt in -ollector o -*stoms, Madras J /thers v. D. 0hoormall "I# 1974 & 859 dealin+ )ith s%u++lin+ acti(ities and the penalty proceedin+s under &ection 167 of the &ea usto%s ,ct5 1878 obser(ed that %any facts relatin+ to illicit business re%ain in the special or peculiar -no)led+e of the person concerned in it and held thus" M30. .. that the prosecution or the 'epart%ent is not re=uired to pro(e its case )ith %athe%atical precision to a de%onstrable de+reeN for5 in all hu%an affairs absolute certainty is a %yth5 and as !rof. Brett felicitously puts it P Mall eBactness is a fa-eM. @l 'orado of absolute proof bein+ unattainable5 the la) accepts for it5 probability as a )or-in+ substitute in this )or-1a1day )orld. 4he la) does not re=uire the prosecution to pro(e the i%possible. ,ll that it re=uires is the establish%ent of such a de+ree of probability that a prudent %an %ay5 on its basis5 belie(e in the eBistence of the fact in issue. 4hus5 le+al proof is not necessarily perfect proofN often it is nothin+ %ore than a prudent %anHs esti%ate as to the probabilities of the case......M >@%phasis supplied? 139. 4he @(idence ,ct does not insist upon absolute proof for the si%ple reason that perfect proof in this i%perfect )orld is seldo% to be found. 4hat is )hy under &ection 3 of the @(idence ,ct5 a fact is said to be Hpro(edH )hen5 after considerin+ the %atters before it5 the ourt either belie(es it to eBist5 or considers its eBistence so probable that a prudent %an ou+ht5 under the circu%stances of the particular case5 to act upon the supposition that it eBists. 4his definition of Hpro(edH does not dra) any distinction bet)een circu%stantial and other e(idence. 4he use of eBpression Hdeter%inati(e tendencyH in the afore1noted rule also seconds the (ie) that the prosecution is not re=uired to adduce such e(idence )hich absolutely pro(es the +uilt of an accused person. 4hus5 circu%stantial e(idence in State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 66 of 217 order to furnish a basis for con(iction re=uires a hi+h de+ree of probability5 that is5 so sufficiently hi+h that a prudent %an considerin+ all the facts5 feels *ustified in holdin+ that the accused has co%%itted the cri%e. >&ee the decisions of &upre%e ourt reported as &tate of $aharashtra ( $ohd. Da-ub ,3. 1980 & 1111 and :o-ara*u 9en-atanarasa .a*u ( &tate of ,! >1993? &upp >4? & 191? 140. 4he approach to be adopted by the courts )hile appreciatin+ circu%stantial e(idence )as succinctly stated by &upre%e in the decision reported as $.:.,+ar)al ( &tate of $aharashtra ,3. 1963 & 200 in follo)in+ ter%s"1 M3t is a )ell established rule in cri%inal *urisprudence that circu%stantial e(idence can be reasonably %ade the basis of an accused personHs con(iction if it is of such a character that it is )holly inconsistent )ith the innocence of the accused and is consistent only )ith his +uilt. 3f the circu%stances pro(ed in the case are consistent either )ith the innocence of the accused or )ith his +uilt5 then the accused is entitled to the benefit of doubt. 4here is no doubt or dispute about this position. But in applyin+ this principle5 it is necessary to distin+uish bet)een facts )hich %ay be called pri%ary or basic on the one hand and inference of facts to be dra)n fro% the% on the other. 3n re+ard to the proof of basic or pri%ary facts5 the ourt has to *ud+e the e(idence in the ordinary )ay5 and in the appreciation of e(idence in respect of the proof of these basic or pri%ary facts there is no scope for the application of the doctrine of benefit of doubt. 4he court considers the e(idence and decides )hether that e(idence pro(es a particular fact or not. 0hen it is held that a certain fact is pro(ed5 the =uestion arises )hether that fact leads to the inference of +uilt of the accused person or not5 and in dealin+ )ith this aspect of the proble% the doctrine of benefit of doubt )ould apply and an inference of +uilt can be dra)n only if the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 67 of 217 pro(ed fact is )holly inconsistent )ith the innocence of the accused and is consistent only )ith his +uilt.M 42. /o)e(er before discussin+ the e(idence led by the prosecution =ua each of the aforesaid circu%stances5 3 dee% it appropriate to %ention certain facts )hich not only stand pro(ed fro% the e(idence led by the prosecution but e(en stand not disputed on the part of the accused persons. 4his eBercise )ill certainly narro) do)n the contro(ersy )hich is re=uired to be resol(ed by this ourt in the present case. 43. 4he factu% of %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i on account of bullet in*uries sustained by her or the bullet in*uries sustained by t. Balender in the i%pu+ned incident has not been disputed by the accused persons. 4he fact that &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender )ere re%o(ed to .$8 hospital )here &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as declared brou+ht dead and t. Balender )as stated to be critical is also not in dispute. 2ature of in*uries found on their bodies and as are %entioned in the $8Hs or the post1%orte% eBa%ination report of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i are also not in dispute. 4hese facts e(en other)ise stand a%ply pro(ed fro% the deposition of !0133 'r. !ardeep &aBena5 !0136 'r. 9eena $aha*an5 !01 37 'r. $. !. ,rora5 !0138 'r. $adhu 2atra*an5 !0149 'r. ,tul $urari5 !01 52 7ali haran5 !0160 'r. !oona% 9ohra5 !0173 t. Balender5 !01104 $unni 'e(i and !01164 .a*neesh &har%a. 44. 4here thus does not arise any need to discuss in detail the nature of in*uries sustained by &%t. !hoolan 'e(i or t. Balender eBcept State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 68 of 217 that they all )ere bullet in*uries. 3n fact the sole plea of defence of all the accused persons and especially that of accused &her &in+h .ana5 &he-har5 .a*bir and 'han !ar-ash durin+ the course of entire trial has been that they )ere not in(ol(ed in any %anner )ith the incident in =uestion. 4hus the entire focus of cross1eBa%ination of (arious prosecution )itnesses on behalf of accused persons has been to deny their in(ol(e%ent in the incident and not that no such incident of firin+ resultin+ in the death of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i or in*uries to t. Balender e(er too- place. 45. .eliance in this re+ard %ay also be placed on the case @e(a) S#%&( a%- O)s. <. S!a!e /De$(# A-+#%#s!)a!#o%3, 155 /33 SCC 70 >$rs. 3ndira :andhi $urder case? )herein also /onHble &upre%e ourt %ade si%ilar obser(ations on the +round that as the bullet in*uries sustained by $rs. 3ndira :andhi )ere not in dispute so the post%orte% eBa%ination or its report thereof looses its si+nificance. 46. 4hus )hen there is no serious dispute as to the nature of in*uries sustained either by &%t. !hoolan 'e(i or by t. Balender so in the o(er all facts and circu%stances of the case and -eepin+ in (ie) the plea of defence ta-en on behalf of the accused persons beside the e(idence as it stands on the file5 the =uestion of post1%orte% eBa%ination of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i or the %edical eBa%ination of t. Balender at .$8 hospital includin+ the nature of in*uries as %entioned therein looses all its si+nificance. 4here is no dispute that &%t. !hoolan 'e(i died as a result of the +un shot in*uries or that t. Balender also sustained +un shot in*uries. 3n fact it is also not in dispute that the bullets reco(ered fro% the body of State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 69 of 217 &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender )ere not fired fro% the t)o re(ol(ers alle+edly reco(ered fro% ar 2o. 3$1907 and the country %ade pistols subse=uently reco(ered on 30.07.01 alle+edly fro% the +ara+e of the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 4he testi%ony of the doctors )ho reco(ered the bullets fro% the bodies of the t)o in*ured and that of Ballistic eBpert !01149 7.. 9arsheney pro(es this fact beyond shado)s of all reasonable doubts. 2othin+ could co%e out in their cross1eBa%ination by accused persons )hich %ay lead %e to either disbelie(e their deposition or could sho) that these )itnesses )ere deposin+ falsely in any %anner. 47. 4here thus does not arise any need to discuss in detail either the post1%orte% eBa%ination report of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i or the $8 of t. Balender. 48. 'urin+ the course of ar+u%ents 8d. ounsel for the accused persons ha(e ho)e(er tried to hi+hli+ht (arious other facts in order to pri%arily sho) that the in(esti+ation as has been carried out in the present %atter has not been fair and abo(e board. Beside the other ar+u%ents put for)ard by 8d. ounsel for the accused persons )hich 3 shall be considerin+ )hile discussin+ the e(idence =ua (arious circu%stances a+ainst each of the accused persons at a later sta+e5 one i%portant fact )hich )as stron+ly ar+ued ri+ht throu+h the entire trial )hich lasted for %ore than 13 years )as that i%%ediately on the day of incident senior officers of 'elhi police na%ely &h. &uresh .ai5 the then <oint o%%issioner of police 2e) 'elhi .an+e and &h. 7.7. !aul5 <oint o%%issioner of !olice5 ri%e Branch 'elhi !olice had infor%ed about the incident to the office of 8t. :o(ernor of 'elhi and &h. !.7. <alali5 <oint State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 70 of 217 &ecretary5 $inistry of /o%e and to &h. :. . $alhotra5 &ecretary5 8o- &abha by )ay of )ritten co%%unications beside also issuin+ a press release. 3t )as pointed out that in the said co%%unication %ade by &h. &uresh .oy includin+ the press release issued by hi% on 25.07.2001 itself after the re+istration of the present case he had stated that the assailants )ere %as-ed. 3t )as also sub%itted that as !arlia%ent )as in session on that day so i%%ediately after co%in+ to -no) about the incident &h. 8.7. ,d(ani5 the then /o%e $inister5 :o(ern%ent of 3ndia %ade a state%ent in the 8o- &abha statin+ that as infor%ed to hi% by the o%%issioner of !olice5 &%t. !hoolan 'e(i has been fired at by three %as-ed assailants. 3t )as also stated that subse=uently on 31.07.01 an obituary reference )as %ade by &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani5 the then /o%e $inister in the 8o- &abha and therein also it )as stated that &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as -illed by t)o %as-ed assailants. 49. 3t )as thus (ehe%ently ar+ued by 8d. ounsel for the accused persons and especially by accused &her &in+h .ana hi%self that )hen the assailants )ere %as-ed then no one5 %uch less t. Balender )ho +ot in*ured in the incident could ha(e seen the face of the assailants. 3t )as also sub%itted that it )as for this reason that in the ;3. !01525 7ali haran the co%plainant did not state that one of the assailant )as &her &in+h .ana G !an-a* and he only +a(e the physical description or the details of the clothes )orn by the assailants e(en thou+h &her &in+h .ana )as -no)n to hi% fro% prior to. 3t )as also sub%itted that in the ar bearin+ 2o. 3$1907 t)o %on-ey caps )ere alle+edly reco(ered and )hich fact also support the conclusion that the assailants )ere %as-ed. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 71 of 217 50. 3t )as also pointed out that in the )ritten co%%unication %ade by &h. &uresh .oy or in the state%ent %ade by &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani in the 8o- &abha on the basis of infor%ation recei(ed by hi% fro% police there )as no %ention of t)o %on-ey caps found lyin+ inside the car e(en thou+h there )as a %ention of all other articles reco(ered fro% the car. 3t )as thus sub%itted that the entire in(esti+ation has been %anipulated subse=uently in order to falsely i%plicate accused &her &in+h .ana and other accused persons. 3t )as further sub%itted that the police subse=uently chan+ed its entire stand by statin+ that the assailants )ere not %as-ed and there is no eBplanation on the file about this chan+e of stand. 3t )as also sub%itted that )hen ad%ittedly accused &her &in+h .ana )as )ell -no)n to 7ali haran5 the co%plainant fro% prior to the incident so there )as nothin+ to pre(ent hi% fro% statin+ that one of the assailant )as accused &her &in+h .ana and police )as not re=uired to dra) any conclusion fro% any subse=uent in(esti+ation to establish that accused &her &in+h .ana )as one of the assailant. 3t )as also sub%itted that infact the alle+ed eye )itness of the incident na%ely co%plainant !0152 7ali haran5 !01104 $unni 'e(i and !01129 9inod 9ish)anath ha(e also supported this conclusion durin+ the course of their deposition in the court. 4he accused persons )ere thus stated to ha(e been falsely i%plicated at the instance of 6%a 7ashyap and her husband 9i*ay 7ashyap )ho in collusion )ith 6%ed &in+h husband of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i co%%itted %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 3t )as sub%itted that &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as ha(in+ differences )ith 6%ed &in+h and )as e(en fearin+ a threat to her life. 4he deposition of !01104 $unni 'e(i5 the sister of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as referred to in support of this clai%. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 72 of 217 51. /o)e(er5 before ad(ertin+ further to discuss the e(idence led by the prosecution =ua (arious circu%stances as ha(e been delineated abo(e 3 first intend to discuss certain co%%on circu%stances )hich runs li-e a thread in the entire chain of circu%stantial e(idence a+ainst different accused persons beside the deposition of !0162 !an-a* 7alra )ho has been pro*ected by the prosecution as a %aterial )itness to connect all the accused persons )ith the offence in =uestion. PW-72 Pa%;a4 @a$)a 52. 4he prosecution has tried to pro(e the participation of all the accused persons in the conspiracy by sho)in+ that a %eetin+ )as held prior to the incident in =uestion at the house of &her &in+h .ana )here the entire plan as to ho) the conspiracy )as to be )or-ed out )as discussed and the roles to be played by (arious accused persons )ere assi+ned. !0 62 !an-a* 7alra )as the star )itness of the prosecution to pro(e this fact. 4hus it )ill be appropriate if the deposition of !062 !an-a* 7alra is first discussed and analysed in this re+ard. 53. !0162 !an-a* 7alra )ho ad%ittedly )as an old friend of accused &her &in+h .ana has been pro*ected by the prosecution as a person )ho )as initially sou+ht to be in(ol(ed in the conspiracy by accused &her &in+h .ana but later on he bac-ed out. 3t )as clai%ed that !0 62 !an-a* 7alra )as thus a)are of the entire conspiracy and he in fact had seen all the other accused persons ha(in+ a %eetin+ at the house of accused &her &in+h .ana )herein the plans )ere discussed as to ho) the conspiracy )as to be eBecuted and false plea of alibi shall be created. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 73 of 217 54. /o)e(er in his deposition this )itness co%pletely turned around and did not support the case of prosecution at all on any of the aforesaid %aterial aspects. /e )as accordin+ly declared hostile by ld. &pecial !! for the &tate and )as cross1eBa%ined at len+th but nothin+ %aterial could be elicited in his cross1eBa%ination )hich %ay support the case of the prosecution in this re+ard or %ay lead %e to disbelie(e his deposition. 55. ,t this sta+e 3 %ay also point out that in fact the role of police in citin+ !0 !an-a* 7alra as a prosecution )itness is also not free fro% doubts. 4he prosecution clai%s that he )as a)are of the conspiracy so hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana and )as e(en present in the %eetin+ )hen the plan to eBecute the said conspiracy )as discussed but he later bac-ed out. 3t is also the case of the prosecution that he )as told by accused &her &in+h .ana that after co%%ittin+ %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i he )ill +i(e a call to hi% and thereafter he should run a)ay alon+)ith youn+er brother of accused &her &in+h .ana na%ely5 accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana G .a*u and other fa%ily %e%bers. 3t is also the case of prosecution that !an-a* 7alra accordin+ly e(en fled a)ay fro% .oor-ee after the incident and stayed at hotel C')aparF in $assooree )ith the fa%ily %e%bers of accused &her &in+h .ana and his youn+er brother 9i*ay &in+h .ana G .a*u. 56. 3n these circu%stances it is beyond co%prehension as to ho) !an-a* 7alra ca%e to be cited as a )itness of prosecution rather bein+ arrested as a co1conspirator or a person )ho )as ha(in+ -no)led+e of the conspiracy bein+ so hatched but still did not infor% about it to the police. 3t State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 74 of 217 is also not clear that if !an-a* 7alra had bac-ed out fro% the conspiracy then )hat )as the need for hi% to run a)ay fro% the house after the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and that too alon+)ith fa%ily %e%bers of accused &her &in+h .ana. 4he prosecution has sou+ht to pro(e these facts only by (irtue of the disclosure state%ent of accused &her &in+h .ana and the state%ent u/s 161 r.!.. of !062 !an-a* 7alra and )hich state%ent he did not support in his deposition in the court. 4he disclosure state%ent of &her &in+h .ana is also not ad%issible in la) bein+ hit by section 25 @(idence ,ct. 57. 3t is also not the case of prosecution that !an-a* 7alra first turned appro(er and that only thereafter he )as cited as a prosecution )itness. 58. 4he aforesaid uneBplained and stran+e conduct of the in(esti+atin+ a+ency is one of %any circu%stances )hich ha(e co%e up durin+ the trial of the present case that raises +ra(e shado)s of doubts as re+ard the (ery nature of in(esti+ation carried out in the present %atter. 3n fact 8d. &pecial !! for the &tate also chose not to shed any li+ht on this aspect durin+ the course of ar+u%ents. 59. Be that as it %ay5 the fact re%ains that !0 62 !an-a* 7alra has co%pletely turned hostile on all the %aterial aspects )hich )ere sou+ht to be pro(ed by the prosecution. 3n fact the su++estion put for)ard to hi% by 8d. &pecial !! for the &tate that he )as an old friend of accused &her &in+h .ana and had e(en +ot alloted a country %ade li=uor (end in his na%e and e(en continued )ith the sa%e despite there bein+ opposition State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 75 of 217 fro% his parents5 hi+hli+hts another aspect. 4his su++estion sho)s as to )hether the in(esti+atin+ a+ency or the prosecution could not ha(e foreseen such a conduct on the part of this )itness that he )ill certainly not support the case of the prosecution5 if at all it is presu%ed that he has deposed falsely in the court. 3 %ay ho)e(er state that dra)in+ of any presu%ption that the )itness has deposed falsely shall be purely on the basis of con*unctures and sur%ises )hich has no basis in la). 4here is thus nothin+ on record to e(en re%otely su++est that this )itness has deposed falsely or that he )as )on o(er by the accused persons. 4hus one of the %a*or circu%stance that a prior %eetin+ bet)een the conspirators too- place at the house of &her &in+h .ana does not stand pro(ed. 60. 3n fact !01625 !an-a* 7alra thou+h ad%itted that he had +ot allotted a li=our (end on the as-in+ of &her &in+h .ana but stated that he hi%self did not use to (isit it or that it )as bein+ run by &her &in+h .ana only. /e also clai%ed i+norance as to )ho all )ere )or-in+ at the said li=uour (end %uch less accused &har)an5 &urender &in+h or !ardeep. /e also denied ha(in+ e(er %et accused !ar(een $ittal %uch less alon+)ith accused &her &in+h .ana. /e thus also denied that in his presence accused !ar(een $ittal e(er deli(ered any re(ol(er to accused &her &in+h .ana. Use o" ?oA#$e P(o%es A2 !(e a''0se- Be)so%s. 61. ,nother i%portant circu%stance )hich for%s an i%portant lin- in the prosecution case is the use of %obile phones by accused &her State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 76 of 217 &in+h .ana and other co1accused persons. 62. ,s re+ards the e(idence led by the prosecution =ua the %obile phones used by accused &her &in+h .ana or accused .a*bir by (irtue of the call detail record or the cell 3' chart 3 %ay state at the outset itself that the sa%e can not be read into e(idence for the follo)in+ reasons. 63. 4hou+h as re+ard phone 2o. 98372227795 !013 7o(id Batra has stated that he +a(e it to accused 9i*ay &in+h G .a*u on 24.07.01 for use by his brother &her &in+h .ana and as re+ard phone 2o. 98372371605 !0194 ,nura+ 4ya+i has also stated that he sold it to &her &in+h .ana =ua %obile phone 2o. 9811374806 or 9811374810 no e(idence has been led to sho) that the said t)o %obile phone nu%bers belon+ed to accused &her &in+h .ana5 &he-har &in+h5 'han !ar-ash or .a*bir &in+h5 for the prosecution is relyin+ on the use of these phone nu%bers by accused persons in 'elhi on the day of incident. 64. !01102 :ulshan ,rora5 2odal #fficer5 @ssar $obile &er(ices stated that durin+ those days the identity proof of the subscribers of the cash cards )ere not sou+ht by their co%pany )hich )as earlier -no)n as C&terlin+ ellular 8tdF. /o)e(er irrespecti(e of the said fact so%e conclusion re+ardin+ the in(ol(e%ent of (arious accused persons in the conspiracy in =uestion could ha(e been dra)n fro% the call detail record and cell 3' chart of the %obile phones as the sa%e could ha(e sho)n the presence of accused .a*bir in or around the area )here accused &her &in+h .ana )as present on the day of incident and later on at different places )here accused &her &in+h .ana had been %o(in+ all alon+ )ith State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 77 of 217 other accused persons if the said call detail record or cell 3' chart been pro(ed as per the re=uire%ent of @(idence ,ct. 65. 3t is no) )ell settled that electronic e(idence to be pro(ed on record %ust co%ply )ith certain conditions as are pro(ided in section 65B of the 3ndian @(idence ,ct5 1872. Before ad(ertin+ further it )ill be )orth)hile to analyAe as to )hat is the position of la) after the a%end%ents %ade in the 3ndian @(idence ,ct5 1872 by (irtue of ,%end%ent ,ct no. 21 of 2000. 66. 3n the case Ra;es( @0+a) 8 O)s. 9s. S!a!e5 rl. ,. 19/2007 decided on 27.08.2009 by /onHble 'elhi /i+h ourt5 the la) )ith re+ard to ad%issibility of electronic e(idence )as discussed at len+th. 3t )ill be thus pertinent to reiterate the said discussion o(er here. C193. &ection 3 of the @(idence ,ct5 1872 defines e(idence as under" @(idenceM 1 @(idence %eans and includes"1 1?1111111111111 2? all docu%ents includin+ electronic records produced for the inspection of the courtNM 194. By )ay of a%end%ent to the @(idence ,ct5 18725 incorporated by ,ct. 2o. 21 of 2000 follo)in+ )as inserted" M4he eBpression Mertifyin+ ,uthorityM5 Mdi+ital si+natureM5 M'i+ital &i+nature ertificateM5 Melectronic for%M5 Melectronic recordsM5 Minfor%ationM5 Msecure electronic recordsM5 Msecure di+ital si+natureM and MsubscriberM shall ha(e the %eanin+s respecti(ely assi+ned to the% in the 3nfor%ation 4echnolo+y ,ct5 2000.M 195. &ection 2 >c? of the 3nfor%ation 4echnolo+y ,ct5 2000 reads" State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 78 of 217 Melectronic recordM %eans data5 record or data +enerated5 i%a+e or sound stored5 recei(ed or sent in an electronic for% or %icro fil% or co%puter +enerated %icro record.M 196. &ection 65, and 65B of the @(idence ,ct5 18725 inserted by ,ct 2o. 21 of 2000 read as under"1 M65,. &pecial pro(isions as to e(idence relatin+ to electronic record. 4he contents of electronic records %ay be pro(ed in accordance )ith the pro(isions of &ection 65B.M M65B. ,d%issibility of electronic records. >1? not)ithstandin+ anythin+ contained in this ,ct5 any infor%ation contained in an electronic record )hich is printed on a paper5 stored5 recorded or copied in optical or %a+netic %edia produced by a co%puter >hereinafter referred to as the co%puter output? shall be dee%ed to be also a docu%ent5 if the conditions %entioned in this section are satisfied in relation to the infor%ation and co%puter in =uestion and shall be ad%issible in any proceedin+s5 )ithout further proof or production of the ori+inal5 as e(idence or any contents of the ori+inal or of any fact stated therein of )hich direct e(idence )ould be ad%issible. >2? the conditions referred to in &ub1section >1? in respect of a co%puter output shall be follo)in+5 na%ely "1 >a? the co%puter output containin+ the infor%ation )as produced by the co%puter durin+ the period o(er )hich the co%puter )as used re+ularly to store or process infor%ation for the purposes of any acti(ities re+ularly carried on o(er that period by the person ha(in+ la)ful control o(er the use of the co%puterN >b? durin+ the said period5 infor%ation of the -ind contained in the electronic record or of the -ind fro% )hich the infor%ation so contained is deri(ed )as re+ularly fed into the co%puter in the ordinary course of said acti(itiesN QcR throu+hout the %aterial part of the said period5 the co%puter )as operatin+ properly or5 if not5 then in respect of any period in )hich it )as not operatin+ properly or )as out of operation durin+ that part of the period5 )as not such as to affect the electronic record or the accuracy of its contentsN and State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 79 of 217 >d? the infor%ation contained in the electronic reproduces or is deri(ed fro% such infor%ation fed into the co%puter in the ordinary course of the said acti(ities. >3? 0here o(er any period5 the function of storin+ or processin+ infor%ation for the purposes of any acti(ities re+ular carried out on o(er that period as %entioned in lause >a? of &ub1section >2? )as re+ularly perfor%ed by co%puters5 )hether 1 >a? by a co%bination of co%puters operatin+ o(er that periodN or >b? by different co%puters operatin+ in succession o(er that periodN or >c? by different co%binations of co%puters operatin+ in succession o(er that periodN or >d? in any other %anner in(ol(in+ the successi(e operation o(er that period5 in )hate(er order5 or one or %ore co%puters and one or %ore co%binations of co%puters5 all the co%puters used for that purpose durin+ that period shall be treated for the purposes of this section as constitutin+ a sin+le co%puterN and references in this section to a co%puter shall be construed accordin+ly. >4? 3n any proceedin+s )here it is desired to +i(e a state%ent in e(idence by (irtue of this section5 a certificate doin+ any of the follo)in+ thin+s5 that is to say5 1 >a? identifyin+ the electronic record containin+ the state%ent and describin+ the %anner )hich it )as producedN >b? +i(in+ such particulars of any de(ice in(ol(ed in the production of that electronic record as %ay be appropriate for the purpose of sho)in+ that the electronic record )as produced by a co%puterN >c? dealin+ )ith any of the %atters to )hich the conditions %entioned in &ub1section >2? relate5 and purportin+ to be si+ned by a person occupyin+ a reasonable official position in relation to the operation of the rele(ant de(ice or the %ana+e%ent of the rele(ant acti(ities >)hiche(er is appropriate? shall be e(idence of any %atter stated in the certificateN and for the purposes of this sub1section it shall be sufficient for a %atter to be state d to the best of the -no)led+e and State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 80 of 217 belief of the person statin+ it. >5? ;or the purposes of this section5 1 >a? infor%ation shall be ta-en to be supplied to a co%puter if it is supplied thereto in any appropriate for% or )hether it is so supplied directly or >)ith or )ithout hu%an inter(ention? by %eans of any appropriate e=uip%entN >b? )hether in the course of acti(ities carried on by any official infor%ation is supplied )ith a (ie) to its bein+ stored or processed for the purposes of those acti(ities by a co%puter operated other)ise than in the course of those acti(ities5 that infor%ation5 if duly supplied to that co%puter shall be ta-en to be supplied to it in the course of those acti(itiesN >c? to a co%puter output shall be ta-en to ha(e been produced by a co%puter )hether it )as produced by it directly or >)ith or )ithout hu%an inter(ention? by %eans of any appropriate e=uip%ent. 197. 4hus5 co%puter +enerated electronic records is e(idence5 ad%issible at a trial if pro(ed in the %anner specified by &ection 65B of the @(idence ,ct. 198. &ub1section >1? of &ection 65B %a-es ad%issible as a docu%ent5 paper print1out of electronic records stored in optical or %a+netic %edia produced by a co%puter5 sub*ect to the fulfill%ent of the conditions specified in &ub1 section >2? of &ection 65B. ;ollo)in+ are the conditions specified by &ub1 section >2?" a? 4he co%puter fro% )hich the record is +enerated )as re+ularly used to store or process infor%ation in respect of acti(ity re+ularly carried on by a person ha(in+ la)ful control o(er the period5 and relates to the period o(er )hich the co%puter )as re+ularly usedN b? 3nfor%ation )as fed in the co%puter in the ordinary course of the acti(ities of the person ha(in+ la)ful control o(er the co%puterN c? 4he co%puter )as operatin+ properly5 and if not5 )as not such as to affect the electronic record or its accuracyN d? 3nfor%ation reproduced is such as is fed into co%puter in the ordinary course of acti(ity. 199. 6nder &ub1section >3? of &ection 65B5 &ub1section State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 81 of 217 >1? and >2? )ould apply )here sin+le or co%bination of co%puters5 is used for stora+e or processin+ in the re+ular course of acti(ities and the co%puters used shall be construed as a sin+le co%puter. 200. 6nder &ub1section >5?5 infor%ation shall be ta-en to be supplied to a co%puter by %eans of an appropriate e=uip%ent5 in the course of nor%al acti(ities intendin+ to store or process it in the course of acti(ities and a co%puter output is produced by it )hether directly or by %eans of appropriate e=uip%ent. 201. 4he nor%al rule of leadin+ docu%entary e(idence is the production and proof of the ori+inal docu%ent itself. &econdary e(idence of the contents of a docu%ent can also be led under &ection 65 of the @(idence ,ct. 6nder &ub1clause MdM of &ection 655 secondary e(idence of the contents of a docu%ent can be led )hen the ori+inal is of such a nature as not to be easily %o(able. o%puterised operatin+ syste%s and support syste%s in industry cannot be %o(ed to the court. 4he infor%ation is stored in these co%puters on %a+netic tapes >hard disc?. @lectronic record produced there fro% has to be ta-en in the for% of a print out. &ub1section >1? of &ection 65B %a-es ad%issible )ithout further proof5 in e(idence5 print out of a electronic record contained on a %a+netic %edia sub*ect to the satisfaction of the conditions %entioned in the section. 4he conditions are %entioned in &ub1section >2?. 4hus co%pliance )ith &ub1section >1? and >2? of &ection 65B is enou+h to %a-e ad%issible and pro(e electronic records. 202. &ub1section >4? of &ection 65B pro(ides for an alternati(e %ethod to pro(e electronic record. &ub1 section >4? allo)s the proof of the conditions set out in &ub1 section >2? by %eans of a certificate issued by the person described in &ub1 section 4 and certifyin+ contents in the %anner set out in the sub1section. 4he sub1section %a-es ad%issible an electronic record )hen certified that the contents of a co%puter printout are +enerated by a co%puter satisfyin+ the conditions of &ub1 section 15 the certificate bein+ si+ned by the person described therein. 203. ,dditionally5 irrespecti(e of co%pliance of the re=uire%ents of &ection 65B5 there is no bar to adducin+ State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 82 of 217 secondary e(idence under the other pro(isions of the @(idence ,ct5 na%ely &ections 63 E 65. 204. 4herefore5 the call records @B.!0134/, and @B.!01 62/ can be pro(ed by adducin+ secondary e(idence in ter%s of &ection 63 of @(idence ,ct or by co%plyin+ conditions specified in sub1section >2? or sub1section >4? of section 65B of @(idence ,ct.F 67. 4hus5 the %oot =uestion is )hether the call records ha(e been pro(ed in ter%s of &ection 63 or &ection 65B>2? or &ection 65B>4?. 68. ;ro% the nature of record produced it is thus clear that in the absence of certificate u/s 65B of 3ndian @(idence ,ct5 1872 the call details record or the cell 3' chart sou+ht to be pro(ed on record by the prosecution cannot be read or ta-en into consideration a+ainst the accused persons. 4he said e(idence has to be thus discarded a)ay. 69. @(en in the absence of any such certificate u/s 65B @(idence ,ct5 the secondary e(idence could ha(e been led by the prosecution. /o)e(er no such steps to lead secondary e(idence in accordance )ith section 63 or section 65 @(idence ,ct )ere e(en ta-en by the prosecution. 70. 4he other (ery i%portant aspect of the prosecution case as to )hether the t)o assailants or their third acco%plice )ho )as dri(in+ the $aruti ar 2o. 3$1907 )ere )earin+ %as- at the ti%e of incident or not shall be discussed at a later sta+e separately before discussin+ the e(idence =ua the (arious incri%inatin+ circu%stances sou+ht to be pro(ed a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana5 &he-har &in+h and 'han !ar-ash. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 83 of 217 71. I !(0s %o1 #%!e%- !o -#s'0ss !(e e<#-e%'e $e- >0a !(e <a)#o0s #%')#+#%a!#%& '#)'0+s!a%'es +e%!#o%e- ea)$#e) a&a#%s! -#""e)e%! a''0se- Be)so%s so as !o a%a$2se 1(e!(e) !(e sa#- '#)'0+s!a%'es s!a%- B)o<e- o) %o!. 72. 3 shall be first discussin+ the case of prosecution =ua those accused persons )ho ha(e been assi+ned the roles at the periphery of the conspiracy and thereafter the case of accused persons )ho alle+edly )ere actually in(ol(ed in the shootin+ incident dated 25.07.2001 or that of accused &har)an 7u%ar )hose case is closely lin-ed )ith the case a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana . 4he case =ua accused 7esha( hauhan )ho is bein+ tried only for the offence u/s 201 r.!.. shall also be discussed separately. 73. ,fter this %icroscopic analysis of each of the circu%stance as to )hether the sa%e stand pro(ed or not 3 shall be considerin+ )hether the circu%stances5 if any pro(ed for% a chain of e(idence )hich lead to only one conclusion i.e. in(ol(e%ent of the (arious accused persons in the conspiracy or not and is not eBplainable on any other hypothesis consistent )ith the innocence of accused. Case a&a#%s! a''0se- Ra4e%-e) P)#o) A'>0a#%!a%'e 1#!( S(e) S#%&( Ra%a a%- a))es! #% !(e 'ase 0%-e) EC'#se A'! a! Ha)#-1a) 74. ,t the outset5 3 %ay state that the prosecution has %iserably failed to establish that accused .a*ender +ot hi%self deliberately arrested State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 84 of 217 in an @Bcise ,ct case at !& <a)alapur >/arid)ar? in pursuance to the cri%inal conspiracy so hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana and others. 6ndoubtedly the factu% of the said case ha(in+ been re+istered a+ainst accused .a*ender at !& <a)alapur >/arid)ar? is not in dispute as it stands )ell pro(ed fro% the deposition of !0 120 ,nil 7u%ar5 the ,hl%ed of the concerned court at /arid)ar. @(en accused .a*ender hi%self has also not disputed the sa%e. 4hus the factu% of arrest of accused .a*ender is also not in dispute and in fact it is the undisputed case of prosecution that fro% 04.07.2001 till 26.07.2001 accused .a*ender )as in /arid)ar *ail in the said case. 3t is also not in dispute that no sureties )ere offered on behalf of accused .a*ender till 26.07.2001 e(en thou+h bail orders )ere passed at the initial sta+e itself )hen he )as produced in the ourt for the first ti%e. 75. 4he =uestion )hich ho)e(er arises is as to ho) the prosecution see%s to connect this fact of arrest of accused .a*ender )ith either accused &her &in+h rana or it bein+ an act in pursuance to cri%inal conspiracy so hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana and others. 76. ,s already discussed =ua the deposition of !0 62 !an-a* 7alra the prosecution has failed to pro(e that any %eetin+ e(er too- place in the house of &her &in+h .ana prior to the incident )herein the plan to carry out the eBecution of the conspiracy )as discussed or roles )ere assi+ned to different persons. 77. 4hus the prosecution has %iserably failed in pro(in+ that accused .a*ender e(er participated in any such %eetin+ held )ith accused &her &in+h .ana )herein details of the conspiracy so hatched )ere State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 85 of 217 )or-ed out. ,ccordin+ly e(en if there )as so%e prior ac=uaintance of accused .a*ender )ith accused &her &in+h .ana then the said ac=uaintance in itself cannot lead to a conclusion that accused .a*ender )as part of any such conspiracy so hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana and others or that he )as e(en a)are of any such conspiracy or its ob*ecti(e thereof. 4he necessary corollary )hich thus e%er+es is that e(en the arrest of accused .a*ender in the case under @Bcise ,ct at !& <a)alapur cannot be ter%ed to be in pursuance to the conspiracy in =uestion or for that %atter in pursuance to the ob*ecti(e sou+ht to be achie(ed by any such conspiracy. T(e B)ose'0!#o% (as !(0s "a#$e- !o B)o<e !(#s '#)'0+s!a%'e F0)%#s(#%& o" "a;e s0)e!#es A2 (#+ o% 27.0,.01. 78. ,s re+ards the factu% of not furnishin+ surety bond despite bail orders ha(in+ been passed by the court 3 %ay once a+ain state that such circu%stances are often obser(ed in the courts )hen despite bail orders ha(in+ been passed accused is unable to produce surety. 4hus on account of this fact no ad(erse inference can be dra)n a+ainst accused .a*ender that he did not offer sureties only in pursuance to the cri%inal conspiracy bein+ hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana and others. &i%ilarly the tenderin+ of surety bond on 26.07.2001 by accused .a*bir and &urender &in+h 2e+i cannot connect accused .a*ender )ith the conspiracy in =uestion as there is no e(idence on record to dra) such a conclusion. ,d%ittedly accused .a*ender )as in *ail and till the ti%e he +ot released he is not supposed to -no) as to )ho all stood as surety for hi% State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 86 of 217 or )hat docu%ents )ere produced by the% in the ourt. #nce a+ain no ad(erse inference can be dra)n on account of this fact that accused .a*ender or his t)o sureties did so on account of any conspiracy bein+ hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana and others. >&he act that acc*sed S*render and #a+bir stood s*reties in ake names and on the basis o alse doc*ments however shall be se)aratel% dealt b% me at a later stage when I shall be disc*ssing the case o )rosec*tion G*a acc*sed S*render Singh 4egi and #a+bir Singh?. 79. 4hus the act of furnishin+ surety bonds by accused &urender and .a*bir in fa-e na%es and on the basis of false docu%ents cannot be attributed to accused .a*ender. $oreo(er it is also beyond co%prehension as to )hen accused .a*ender +ot hi%self arrested in his o)n na%e and )as in *ail then )hat )as the need for hi% to ha(e fa-e sureties to +et hi%self released if at all he )as capable of ha(in+ proper sound sureties5 for other)ise it is the case of prosecution itself that accused .a*ender deliberately did not offer sureties initially )hen he )as arrested and bail orders )ere passed 80. 4hus once a+ain no conclusion can be dra)n fro% the aforesaid circu%stance that accused .a*ender )as a part of the present conspiracy in =uestion. 81. $oreo(er if the t)o sureties furnished on the basis of false docu%ents or by i%personation )as done in pursuant to any a+ree%ent )ith .a*ender than at the %ost .a*ender can be liable for ha(in+ co%%itted the offence of per*ury or falsification of docu%ents before a State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 87 of 217 ourt of 8a) at /arid)ar durin+ the course of *udicial proceedin+s either in furtherance of any co%%on intention shared by hi% )ith his t)o sureties or in furtherance of co%%on ob*ect of any conspiracy to +et .a*ender released fro% *ail than for such an act not only co%plaint u/s 195 r.! fro% the ourt concerned )as %andatory but )hen the said act of either .a*ender or that of his t)o sureties >3 shall be discussin+ the case =ua surety &urender and .a*bir separately? )as not co%%itted in furtherance of the co%%on ob*ect of the alle+ed conspiracy hatched by &her &in+h .ana and others then the ourts at 'elhi lac- *urisdiction to try either the offence of per*ury or of falsification of docu%ents. T(e B)ose'0!#o% (as !(0s "a#$e- !o B)o<e !(#s '#)'0+s!a%'e a$so. S!a!e+e%! +a-e #% P)ess Co%"e)e%'e A2 a''0se- S(e) S#%&( Ra%a o% 2,.0,.2001. 82. ,s re+ards the press conference held by accused &her &in+h .ana on 27.07.2001 at 'oon !ress lub )herein he alle+edly clai%ed that he alon+)ith accused .a*ender G .a(inder had co%%itted the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i or the %urderous attac- on t. Balender5 the said state%ent can not be read a+ainst accused .a*ender bein+ inad%issible in la). #ne %ay ar+ue that under section 10 @(idence ,ct5 anythin+ said or done by a conspirator in reference to co%%on desi+n of the conspiracy is ad%issible and that the conspiracy in =uestion co%prised of t)o parts (iA. o%%ittin+ %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and her !&# t. Balender and thereafter %isleadin+ the police by presentin+ false facts and at the sa%e ti%e ha(in+ a false plea of alibi %ade to defeat the clai% of the police. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 88 of 217 83. /o)e(er section 10 @(idence act cannot ha(e any application =ua accused .a*ender e(en if it is presu%ed for the sa-e of ar+u%ents that accused &her &in+h .ana did address such a press conference and clai%ed that he and .a*ender had eBecuted the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and the attac- on t. Balender. &ection 10 @(idence ,ct )ould ha(e co%e into picture only if the prosecution had been successful in establishin+ that both accused .a*ender and &her &in+h .ana )ere co1 conspirators. ,s already discussed the prosecution has %iserably failed in establishin+ this fact that accused .a*ender )as in any %anner part of the conspiracy alle+edly bein+ so hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana and others. 3n these circu%stances the said state%ent stated to ha(e been %ade by accused &her &in+h .ana at the press conference cannot be read a+ainst accused .a*ender and has to be discarded a)ay. T(e B)ose'0!#o% (as !(0s "a#$e- !o B)o<e !(#s '#)'0+s!a%'e a$so AAs'o%-#%& a1a2 o" a''0se- Ra4e%-e) 84. 3t has been stated that soon after his release fro% *ail accused .a*ender started %o(in+ alon+)ith accused &her &in+h .ana5 &he-har and .a*bir to different places in Da%una 2a+ar5 'ehradun and &aharanpur. &ubse=uently5 he )as arrested at &aharanpur alon+)ith accused .a*bir and &he-har and one )hite $aruti car bearin+ no. 6! 14 B 3007 used at the ti%e of co%%ission of %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as reco(ered at their instance. 85. Before 3 ad(ert on to the discussion of e(idence led by the prosecution on this aspect it )ill be )orth)hile to =uote certain State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 89 of 217 obser(ations recently %ade by /onHble 'elhi /i+h ourt in the case F9#s(a$ Da-a< 9s. S!a!e o" U.P.G, C)$. A, NO. ,4162005 -e'#-e- o% 02.04.2014 )herein the entire la) relatin+ to ,bscondance of an accused after the cri%e as discussed in (arious cases by /onHble &upre%e ourt and other /i+h ourts has been su%%ed up and discussed. C1399. 8earned senior counsel has further sub%itted that to hold abscondance a+ainst the accused5 it is insufficient for the prosecution to %erely say that the accused persons )ere abscondin+ fro% a place at a particular ti%e. 4he police %ust pro(e an atte%pt by the accused to hide. 4he police had to -eep a )atch o(er the residence and then lea(e a notice. !ositi(e e(idence of the address of the accused persons )as re=uired to be stated in the )itness boB and that the prosecution has failed to lead any e(idence on any of the aforenoticed circu%stances. 3t is sub%itted that no =uestion )as put to the accused persons )hile recordin+ their state%ents under &ection 313 of the r.!.. )ith re+ard to their address. 1400. 3n support of these sub%issions5 reliance has been placed on the pronounce%ent reported at AI !"#$ %ombay &'( )in*ar %andhu )eshmu*h and Anr. v. +tate. 3n para 21 of this pronounce%ent5 the Bo%bay /i+h ourt has held as follo)s "1 C21. 4hat lea(es for consideration only the additional bit of e(idence as a+ainst accused 2o. 2 (iA.5 that he )as abscondin+ for a )ee- after the incident. 4he date of the offence )as the 19th of 'ece%ber 19685 and accused 2o. 2 )as arrested5 only on the 28th of 'ece%ber 1968. 3n order that the ourt can le+iti%ately dra) the inference that the subse=uent conduct of an accused )as that of a +uilty person and not of an innocent %an5 there %ust be proper %aterial placed before the ourt. ,ll that the prosecution has placed before the ourt in the present case are t)o bald state%ents5 both %ade by !olice &ub1 inspector Bor-ar" >1? that the second accused )as not in the (illa+e on the day soon after the incident )hen the police )ent thereN and >2? that !olice &ub13nspector Bor-ar State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 90 of 217 had sent about four constables in search of accused 2o. 2 to so%e (illa+es. 4hat e(idence is5 in %y opinion5 )holly insufficient to lead to the inference that the second accused )as abscondin+ since the date of the incident. 3n order to lead to that inference5 the in(esti+atin+ police officer %ust lay before the ourt further e(idence to sho) that continuous )atch )as -ept at the house of the accused concerned5 and that a )atch )as also -ept by hi% at the places )hich the accused fre=uented5 includin+ his place of )or-5 but the accused did not turn up at all at any of those places durin+ a certain period of ti%e. BBB BBB. >6nderlinin+ by us? 1401. #n the effect of abscondance as to )hether it )ould lead to inference of the +uilt of a person reliance has been palced on AI ,$!! +- ,$$ Param.eet +ingh alias Pamma v. +tate of /ttara*hand0 )herein the &upre%e ourt reiterated the applicable principles in the follo)in+ ter%s" C32. 3n $atru G :irish handra (. 4he &tate of 6.!.5 ,3. 1971 & 10505 this ourt repelled the sub%issions %ade by the &tate that as after co%%ission of the offence the accused had been abscondin+5 therefore5 the inference can be dra)n that he )as a +uilty person5 obser(in+ as under >para 15?" M4he appellantHs conduct in abscondin+ )as also relied upon. 2o)5 %ere abscondin+ by itself does not necessarily lead to a fir% conclusion of +uilty %ind. @(en an innocent %an %ay feel panic-y and try to e(ade arrest )hen )ron+ly suspected of a +ra(e cri%e such is the instinct of self1 preser(ation. 4he act of abscondin+ is no doubt rele(ant piece of e(idence to be considered alon+ )ith other e(idence but its (alue )ould al)ays depend on the circu%stances of each case. 2or%ally the courts are disinclined to attach %uch i%portance to the act of abscondin+5 treatin+ it as a (ery s%all ite% in the e(idence for sustainin+ con(iction. 3t can scarcely be held as a deter%inin+ lin- in co%pletin+ the chain of circu%stantial e(idence )hich %ust ad%it of no other reasonable hypothesis than that of the +uilt of the accused. 3n the present case the appellant )as )ith .a% handra till the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 91 of 217 ;3. )as lod+ed. 3f thereafter he felt that he )as bein+ )ron+ly suspected and he tried to -eep out of the )ay )e do not thin- this circu%stance can be considered to be necessarily e(idence of a +uilty %ind atte%ptin+ to e(ade *ustice. 3t is not inconsistent )ith his innocence.M 33. , si%ilar (ie) has been reiterated by this ourt in .ah%an (. &tate of 6.!.5 ,3. 1972 & 110NState of M.P. v. Paltan Mallah and Ors., AIR 2005 & 733N and Bipin Kumar Mondal v. State of West Bengal, J 2010 >7? & 379. 34. ,bscondance by a person a+ainst )ho% ;3. has been lod+ed5 ha(in+ an apprehension of bein+ apprehended by the police5 cannot be said to be unnatural. 4hus5 %ere abscondance by the appellant after co%%ission of the cri%e and re%ainin+ untraceable for a period of siB days itself cannot establish his +uilt. ,bscondin+ by itself is not conclusi(e proof of either of +uilt or of a +uilty conscience. >@%phasis supplied? ,bscondance per se5 after co%%ission of a cri%e is not by itself proof of +uilt of a person.F 86. ,t a later sta+e of the *ud+%ent the /onHble /i+h ourt after discussin+ the e(idence led on record by the prosecution in the said case further )ent on to discuss the la) on abscondance of an accused fro% !ara 2o. 1604 as under" 1 C1604. 3t is trite that %ere abscondance per se after co%%ission of an offence of )hich such person %ay not be the author5 %ay not by itself be sufficient to dra) an ad(erse inference a+ainst hi% as it )ould +o a+ainst the presu%ption of innocence of all persons. 3t is accepted that people %ay run a)ay upon bein+ suspected of in(ol(e%ent in a cri%e out of fear of police arrest. /o)e(er5 if other incri%inatin+ circu%stances are present5 then abscondance )ould be considered5 as rele(ant conduct or circu%stance to dra) an inference of +uilt. )e shall no) consider the le+al effect of this abscondance in State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 92 of 217 the facts of the present case. H9I W(a! #s !(e $e&a$ #+Ba'! o" !(#s aAs'o%-a%'eI 1605. 8earned counsels for the defence ha(e sub%itted that the appellants )ere not abscondin+ and that5 in any case5 abscondance is not a rele(ant circu%stance )hile considerin+ as to )hether the prosecution had established an unbro-en chain of e(idence )hich unerrin+ly points to)ards the +uilt of the appellants. 1606. !lacin+ reliance on the pronounce%ent of the &upre%e ourt in 1,$!$2 3 +-- !0 +idhartha 4ashisht alias 5anu +harma v. +tate 16-T of )elhi25 it has been ar+ued by $r. 'ayan 7rishnan5 additional standin+ counsel that it is a settled le+al position that abscondance is not %erely rele(ant conduct but is also a circu%stance )hich cannot be i+nored. 3n this re+ard5 in S#--(a)!(a 9as(#s(! >supra?5 the &upre%e ourt had obser(ed as follo)s"1 C230. ;ro% the testi%onies of !0 20 and !0 245 it is pro(ed beyond reasonable doubt that accused &idhartha 9ashisht G $anu &har%a after co%%ittin+ the %urder of <essica 8al fled a)ay fro% the scene of occurrence. 3t is further pro(ed fro% the testi%onies of !0 1005 !0 1015 !0 87 .a%an 8a%ba5 !0 85 and !0 80 that fro% afternoon of 301411999 search )as %ade for the blac- 4ata &afari bearin+ .e+istration 2o. / 01 0 6535 and for &idhartha 9ashisht G $anu &har%a5 'irector of !iccadilly ,+ro 3ndustries at Bhadson5 7uru-shetra5 handi+arh5 his far%house at &a%al-ha and #-hla5 'elhi. BBB BBB BBB 232. , cri%inal trial is not an en=uiry into the conduct of an accused for any purpose other than to deter%ine )hether he is +uilty of the offence char+ed. 3n this connection5 that piece of conduct can be held to be incri%inatory )hich has no reasonable eBplanation eBcept on the hypothesis that he is +uilty. onduct )hich destroys the presu%ption of innocence can alone be considered as %aterial. 3n this re+ard5 it is useful to refer "nant -hintaman Lag* v. State o 0omba%, "I# 1960 & 500 " 1960 ri 8< 682 >,3. pp. 523 and 52615275 paras 68 and 76? State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 93 of 217 C68. ircu%stantial e(idence in this conteBt %eans a co%bination of facts creatin+ a net)or- throu+h )hich there is no escape for the accused5 because the facts ta-en as a )hole do not ad%it of any inference but of his +uilt. S S S S 76. ... 4his conduct of the accused )as so -nit to+ether as to %a-e a net)or- of circu%stances pointin+ only to his +uilt. .../is %ethod )as his o)n undoin+N because e(en the lon+ ar% of coincidence could not eBplain the %ultitude of circu%stances a+ainst hi%5 and they destroy the presu%ption of innocence )ith )hich la) clothed hi%.F 233. 4hus5 it has been pro(ed beyond reasonable doubt that accused $anu &har%a aAs'o%-e- a"!e) !(e #%'#-e%! 1(#'( #s a <e)2 )e$e<a%! 'o%-0'! 0%-e) Se'!#o% 5 o" !(e E<#-e%'e A'!. >@%phasis by us? 1607. #ur attention has also been dra)n to a *ud+%ent relied upon on behalf of 9ishal Dada( reported at 1,$!!2 !! +-- #7&0 +.8. 9usuf v. +tate of :est %engal )here in para 31 it has been held as follo)s" 1 C31. Both the courts belo) ha(e considered the circu%stance of abscondance of the appellant as a circu%stance on the basis of )hich an ad(erse inference could be dra)n a+ainst hi%. 3t is a settled le+al proposition that in case a person is abscondin+ after co%%ission of offence of )hich he %ay not e(en be the author5 such a circu%stance a$o%e %ay not be enou+h to dra) an ad(erse inference a+ainst hi% as it )ould +o a+ainst the doctrine of innocence. 3t is =uite possible that he %ay be runnin+ a)ay %erely on bein+ suspected5 out of fear of police arrest and harass%ent. >9ide $atru (. &tate of 6.!. Q>1971? 2 & 75 " 1971 & >ri? 391 " ,3. 1971 & 1050R5 !ara%*eet &in+h (. &tate of 6ttara-hand Q>2010? 10 & 439 " >2011? 1 & >ri? 98 " ,3. 2011 & 200R and Dara Singh v. #e)*blic o India Q>2011? 2 & 490 " >2011? 2 & >ri? 706R? 4hus5 in (ie) of the la) referred to hereinabo(e5 %ere abscondance of the appellant cannot be ta-en as a circu%stance )hich +i(es rise to dra) an ad(erse inference a+ainst hi%. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 94 of 217 >6nderlinin+ by us? 1608. 3t therefore cannot be disputed that %ere abscondance %ay not be of si+nificance. /o)e(er5 abscondance by accused persons has to be read in confir%ation )ith the other established circu%stances. 3t cannot be disputed that the sa%e )ould be rele(ant conduct under &ection 8 of the @(idence ,ct. ;urther%ore such conduct for )hich there is no reasonable eBplanation eBcept the hypothesis that he is +uilty5 can be held to be incri%inatory. 1609. 4he discussion by the &upre%e ourt and the principles laid do)n in the *ud+%ent reported at ,3. 2012 &upre%e ourt 3539 5 +hyamal ;hosh v. +tate of :est %engal are eBtre%ely topical and apply )ith full force to the present case. 3n para 41 of the report5 the court held as follo)s" 1 C41. ,s )e are discussin+ the conduct of the prosecution )itnesses5 it is i%portant for !(e Co0)! !o %o!#'e !(e 'o%-0'! o" !(e a''0se- a$so. T(e a''0se- Be)so%s 1e)e aAs'o%-#%& #++e-#a!e$2 a"!e) !(e -a!e o" !(e o''0))e%'e a%- 'o0$- %o! Ae a))es!e- -esB#!e <a)#o0s )a#-s A2 !(e Bo$#'e a0!(o)#!#es. 4he in(esti+atin+ officer had to +o to different places i.e. &odhpur and 'elhi to arrest the accused persons. 3t is true that %erely bein+ a)ay fro% his residence ha(in+ an apprehension of bein+ apprehended by the police is not a (ery unnatural conduct of an accused5 so as to be loo-ed upon as abscondin+ per se )here the court )ould dra) an ad(erse inference. !ara%*eet &in+h (. &tate of 6ttara-hand Q>2010? 10 & 439 " >2011? 1 & >ri? 98R is the *ud+%ent relied upon by the learned counsel appearin+ for the appellant. B0! 1e 'a%%o! o<e)$oo; !(e "a'! !(a! !(e B)ese%! 'ase #s %o! a 'ase 1(e)e !(e a''0se- 1e)e #%%o'e%! a%- (a- a )easo%aA$e eC'0se "o) Ae#%& a1a2 ")o+ !(e#) %o)+a$ B$a'e o" )es#-e%'e. I% "a'!, !(e2 (a- $e"! !(e <#$$a&e a%- 1e)e %o! a<a#$aA$e "o) -a2s !o&e!(e). AAs'o%-#%& #% s0'( a +a%%e) a%- "o) s0'( a $o%& Be)#o- #s a )e$e<a%! 'o%s#-e)a!#o%. @(en if )e assu%e that abscondin+ by itself %ay not be a positi(e circu%stance consistent only )ith the hypothesis of +uilt of the accused because it is not un-no)n that e(en innocent persons State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 95 of 217 %ay run a)ay for fear of bein+ falsely in(ol(ed in cri%inal cases5 but in the present case5 #% <#e1 o" !(e '#)'0+s!a%'es 1(#'( 1e (a<e -#s'0sse- #% !(#s 40-&+e%! a%- 1(#'( (a<e Aee% es!aA$#s(e- A2 !(e B)ose'0!#o%, #! #s '$ea) !(a! aAs'o%-#%& o" !(e a''0se- %o! o%$2 &oes 1#!( !(e (2Bo!(es#s o" &0#$! o" !(e a''0se- A0! a$so Bo#%!s a -e"#%#!e "#%&e) !o1a)-s !(e+. 4his court in the case of .abindra 7u%ar !al alias 'ara &in+h (. .epublic of 3ndia Q>2011 2 & 490?R" >,3. 2011 & 1436" 2011 ,3. &0 606?R5 held as under" C88. 4he other circu%stance ur+ed by the prosecution )as that ,13 absconded soon after the incident and a(oided arrest and this abscondance bein+ a conduct under &ection 8 of the @(idence ,ct51872 should be ta-en into consideration alon+ )ith other e(idence to pro(e his +uilt. 4he fact re%ains that he )as not a(ailable for =uite so%e ti%e till he )as arrested )hich fact has not been disputed by the defence counsel. 0e are satished that before acceptin+ the contents of the t)o letters and the e(idence of !0 235 the trial <ud+e afforded hi% the re=uired opportunity and follo)ed the procedure )hich )as ri+htly accepted by the /i+h ourt. >@%phasis by us?F 87. 4hus %erely because after the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i accused .a*ender )as alle+edly %o(in+ around )ith accused &he-har and .a*bir to different places or that he alon+)ith the% )as arrested by &aharanpur police *ust outside the court )hen they )ere +oin+ to surrender in itself is of no conse=uence at all. ertainly after 27.07.2001 )hen accused &her &in+h .ana alle+edly clai%ed in(ol(e%ent of accused .a*ender in the incident then the police %ust be on the loo- out for .a*ender. 3t is thus no stran+e beha(iour on the part of accused .a*ender )hether he )as a part of the conspiracy or not to escape a)ay fro% the clutches of police. 3t is often seen that e(en innocent persons sou+ht to be arrested by the police )hether ri+htly or )ron+ly in one or the other case State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 96 of 217 tend to flee a)ay. 4hus e(en if it is presu%ed that accused .a*ender )as %o(in+ alon+)ith accused .a*bir and &he-har to different places and stayed at different hotels before bein+ finally arrested at &aharanpur then also this fact cannot be considered as an incri%inatin+ circu%stance and especially )hen the prosecution has failed to pro(e any other incri%inatin+ circu%stance so as to connect hi% )ith the conspiracy in =uestion. 3n fact there is no e(idence on record to sho) that police e(er )ent to the residence or at the )or- place of .a*ender durin+ those days or that he )as found to be abscondin+ a)ay. 88. ,s re+ards the reco(ery of i%pu+ned )hite $aruti ar also 3 %ay state that prosecution has e(en failed to pro(e that the said )hite $aruti ar )as e(en used at any point of ti%e in the entire conspiracy to co%%it the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 4he use of said car could not be connected )ith the offence in =uestion in any %anner. >I shall be disc*ssing at a later stage d*ring the disc*ssion o the case G*a acc*sed #a+bir that *se o mar*ti car no. 'P 1!0 7779 co*ld not be connected with the oence in G*estion in an% manner?. 4hus %ere reco(ery of the said car e(en if presu%ed to ha(e been reco(ered at the instance of the three accused persons >in act the alleged recover% o the car rom a road near the -o*rts with its ke% l%ing on the gro*nd nearb% is also do*bt*l and shall be disc*ssed se)aratel%3 cannot connect accused .a*ender )ith the conspiracy in =uestion or that he )as a part of the said conspiracy %uch less pro(in+ that he )as e(en a)are of the ob*ecti(e sou+ht to be achie(ed by (irtue of the said cri%inal conspiracy. A9. <rom the aforesaid discussion I am thus of the considered State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 97 of 217 opinion that prosecution has completely failed in connecting accused a.ender for any of the offences in =uestion or with the criminal conspiracy in any manner for which charges were framed against him. Case a&a#%s! a''0se- S0)e%-e) S#%&( Ne&# P)#o) A'>0a#%!a%'e 1#!( S(e) S#%&( Ra%a 90. 4he fact that accused &urender &in+h 2e+i )as )or-in+ at the li=uor (end of &her &in+h .ana alloted in the na%e of !an-a* 7alra )as sou+ht to be pro(ed by the deposition of !0162 !an-a* 7alra and !01130 #%pal &in+h. ,s already discussed !0162 !an-a* 7alra has co%pletely diso)ned the prosecution story in this re+ard. !01130 #%pal &in+h a hard)are shop o)ner ha(in+ his shop near the said li=uor (end also did not support the prosecution case in this re+ard. 4he prosecution ho)e(er placed on record certain infor%ation )hich )as sent by !062 !an-a* 7alra to the @Bcise 'epart%ent in this re+ard and )hich has been pro(ed by !0141 ,.7. &har%a 'y. @Bcise o%%issioner5 'ehradun. 3 a% ho)e(er not enterin+ into any discussion as to )hether the said docu%ents conclusi(ely pro(e this fact or not5 for e(en if it is presu%ed for the sa-e of ar+u%ents that accused &urender &in+h )as indeed )or-in+ at the said li=uor (end and )as an old ac=uaintance of accused &her &in+h .ana then also the prosecution has failed to pro(e that he )as a part of the cri%inal conspiracy bein+ hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana and others or that he )as e(en a)are of the ob*ecti(e sou+ht to be achie(ed by (irtue of said cri%inal conspiracy. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 98 of 217 91. ,s already discussed =ua the deposition of !0 62 !an-a* 7alra )ith respect to the alle+ed %eetin+ at the residence of &her &in+h .ana5 there is nothin+ on record to dra) an inference re+ardin+ this prior ac=uaintance or association of accused &urender &in+h 2e+i )ith accused &her &in+h .ana bein+ incri%inatory in nature. T(e B)ose'0!#o% (as !(0s "a#$e- #% B)o<#%& !(#s '#)'0+s!a%'e F0)%#s(#%& o" "a;e s0)e!2 o% !(e Aas#s o" "a$se -o'0+e%!s "o) a''0se- Ra4e%-e). 92. 3 %ay state that thou+h the prosecution has led e(idence of court officials of the court of 8d. ,<$5 /arid)ar or that of hand)ritin+ eBperts and )itnesses fro% ;&8 and transport authority to sho) that accused &urender &in+h stood surety for accused .a*ender i%personatin+ as 9irender :iri and produced false docu%ents of a t)o )heeler scooter. /o)e(er 3 a% not enterin+ into any discussion in this re+ard as the i%pu+ned offence u/s 193 3! )as ad%ittedly co%%itted durin+ the course of *udicial proceedin+s before a court of la) at /arid)ar. ,d%ittedly there is no co%plaint u/s 195 r.!.. )hich )as %andatorily re=uired to be filed by the court concerned and so e(en the (ery co+niAance of the said offence u/s 193 3! ta-en in the present case is bad in la). 93. 8d. &pecial !! for the &tate thou+h sou+ht to ar+ue that no such co%plaint u/s 195 r.!.. )as re=uired. 3n this re+ard he e(en placed reliance upon the case5 I>Aa$ S#%&( ?a)1a( 9s. ?ee%a;s(# ?a)1a(, II /200.3 CCR 17 /SC3 and S!a!e o" Ta+#$ Na-0 9s. Na$#%#, C).L.J. 31245 statin+ that since the falsification of the docu%ents too- place outside the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 99 of 217 court so no co%plaint u/s 195 r.!.. )as re=uired. ertainly there can not be any dispute )ith respect to the preposition of la) as %entioned in the said case la) but in the case in hand the case a+ainst accused is that besides producin+ false docu%ents he also i%personated hi%self before the court of 8d. ,<$5 /arid)ar. 4hus the (ery act of appearin+ as a surety i%personatin+ as 9irender :iri by accused &urinder &in+h co%%itted before the court of 8d. ,<$5 /arid)ar durin+ the course of *udicial proceedin+s also a%ounted to co%%ission of the offence u/s 193 3! and for )hich co%plaint u/s 195 r.!.. is %andatory fro% the court concerned. 3n these circu%stances the (ery co+niAance of the offence u/s 193 3! by this court )as bad in la). 94. 4he reason )hy 3 a% not discussin+ the e(idence of the hand)ritin+ eBperts or that of the transport authority officials led by the prosecution is that in the absence of prosecution ha(in+ failed in establishin+ that accused &urender &in+h 2e+i )as either a part of the conspiracy so hatched by accused &her &in+ .ana or )as e(en a)are of the ob*ecti(e sou+ht to be achie(ed by the said cri%inal conspiracy so the courts at 'elhi e(en lac-s *urisdiction under the ode of ri%inal !rocedure to try the said offence u/s 193 3! or conse=uently the offences u/s 419/468/471 3!. 3n these circu%stances any eBpression of opinion by this court =ua the said piece of e(idence %i+ht pre*udice the prosecution or the accused if at any future date any prosecution is launched a+ainst accused &urender &in+h 2e+i before the courts at /arid)ar. 95. I! #s !(0s '$ea) !(a! !(e B)ose'0!#o% #% !(ese '#)'0+s!a%'es (as 'o+B$e!e$2 "a#$e- #% B)o<#%& #!s 'ase a&a#%s! a''0se- S0)e%-e) State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 100 of 217 >0a !(e '(a)&e o" 'o%sB#)a'2 a%- !(0s as )e&a)-s !(e '(a)&e "o) !(e o""e%'e o" Be)40)2 a%- "a$s#"#'a!#o% o" -o'0+e%!s o) !(e#) 0se !(e)eo" o) !(e o""e%'e o" '(ea!#%& A2 #+Be)so%a!#o% !(e 'o0)!s a! De$(# $a';s 40)#s-#'!#o% a%- #% "a'! !(e <e)2 'o&%#Ja%'e "o) !(e o""e%'e 06s 13 IPC !a;e% A2 !(#s 'o0)! >0a !(e o""e%'e o" Be)40)2 #% !(e aAse%'e o" 'o+B$a#%! 06s 1. C).PC ")o+ !(e Co0)! 'o%'e)%e- 1as Aa- #% $a1. Case a&a#%s! a''0se- Ra4A#) 96. 4he case of prosecution a+ainst accused .a*bir is under t)o heads. ;irstly li-e accused &urender on 26.07.2001 he stood surety for accused .a*ender in the courts at /arid)ar on the basis of false docu%ents and )hile also i%personatin+ hi%self as &he-har &in+h. &econdly he )as an acti(e %e%ber of the conspiracy so hatched and in fact )as (ery %uch present near the place of incident in one )hite $aruti ar no. 6!114B17559 as a bac-up (ehicle to facilitate the escape of accused sher &in+h .ana5 &he-har and 'han !ar-ash soon after the co%%ission of offence. P)#o) A'>0a#%!a%'e 1#!( a''0se- S(e) S#%&( Ra%a 97. 4he prior ac=uaintance of accused .a*bir )ith accused &her &in+h .ana stands pro(ed not only fro% the photo+raphs of a (isit of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i to /arid)ar as placed and pro(ed on record by the prosecution but also !0 6%a 7ashyap has stated so. 4heir prior ac=uaintance has not been e(en disputed by accused .a*bir and &her &in+h .ana also and it can be thus safely presu%ed that they both )ere earlier ac=uainted )ith each other. /o)e(er )hether this ac=uaintance in State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 101 of 217 itself can a%ount to an incri%inatin+ circu%stance or )hether this prior ac=uaintance alon+)ith other circu%stances sou+ht to be pro(ed by the prosecution can a%ount to an incri%inatin+ circu%stance a+ainst accused .a*bir. 4his is the %oot =uestion to be loo-ed into. 98. ertainly the %ere prior ac=uaintance of accused .a*bir )ith accused &her &in+h .ana can be of no conse=uence at all in itself to dra) any conclusion about his in(ol(e%ent in the conspiracy in =uestion. ,s re+ards his participation in a %eetin+ held at the house of accused &her &in+h .ana to discuss the (arious contours of the conspiracy bein+ so hatched5 the sa%e could not be pro(ed by the prosecution as already discussed by %e )hile discussin+ the deposition of !0 62 !an-a* 7alra. T(e B)ose'0!#o% (as !(0s "a#$e- !o B)o<e !(#s '#)'0+s!a%'e. P)ese%'e o" a''0se- Ra4A#) S#%&( #% 1(#!e ?a)0!# Ca) No. UP-14B- ,.. %ea) =o$ Da; @(a%a o% !(e -a2 o" #%'#-e%!3. 99. o%in+ no) to the case of prosecution as re+ards the role of accused .a*bir on the actual date of offence 3.e 25.07.2001 3 %ay state at the outset itself that prosecution has %iserably failed in doin+ so. 4he reasons are a%ple and clear. 100. 4he tra(el of accused .a*bir )ith co1accused &he-har and 'han !ar-ash fro% .oor-ee to 'elhi on 25.07.2001 in the )hite $aruti ar 2o. 6!114B17559 )as sou+ht to be pro(ed fro% the deposition of !01 118 2aresh. /e )as the o)ner of C$ohan $otorsF at :haAiabad )here the accused persons alle+edly +ot their said car on the )ay repaired. /o)e(er State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 102 of 217 this )itness diso)ned the prosecution story =ua the %aterial aspect that he had seen accused .a*bir or any other person on that day ha(in+ co%e to his +ara+e )ith the said %aruti car to +et it repaired. /e %erely stated that he )as sittin+ inside his car +ara+e and thus )as not a)are as to )ho had co%e to +et any such car repaired. 4hus this aspect of the prosecution case does not +et any support fro% his deposition. 101. o%in+ no) to the deposition of !0 ,&3 &ri 7rishan of 4raffic !olice )ho )as present on the day of incident at near :ole 'a- 7hana and had sou+ht to challan .a*bir on the +round of )ron+ par-in+. #ne )ould ha(e found no fault or any abnor%al circu%stance in the fact that he let off a car dri(er on his re=uest that he )as fro% outside 'elhi and )as not a)are of the rules. &uch a conduct is not (ery unco%%on on the streets of 'elhi. #ften the police officials tend to not challan the dri(er of an offendin+ (ehicle and allo)s hi% to +o a)ay after )arnin+ hi% to not repeat it in furture. /o)e(er )hat is stran+e is that )hile allo)in+ hi% to +o a)ay ,&3 &ri 7rishan chose to note do)n the car nu%ber on the co(er of his challan boo-. 4his aspect does not appear to be a %ere co1incidence especially )hen in the o(erall facts and circu%stances of the case the in(esti+ation conducted by the police is also not free fro% doubts. 4his act of ,&3 &ri 7rishan appears to be hi+hly i%probable and unbelie(able. $oreo(er a perusal of the said challan boo- sho)s that eBcept notin+ do)n the (ehicle nu%bers in(ol(ed in the present case ,&3 &ri 7rishan did not note do)n the nu%ber of any other (ehicle on the said challan boo- @B. !0 24/1 durin+ the period fro% 25.07.01 to 29.07.01 )hen he )as usin+ the said challan boo-. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 103 of 217 102. 4he deposition of ,&3 &ri 7rishan thus appears to be not reliable especially in the absence of so%e co+ent and con(incin+ piece of corroboratin+ e(idence. 103. ;urther%ore as already discussed the e(idence sou+ht to be led by the prosecution =ua the use of %obile phones is clearly inad%issible in la) and thus cannot be ta-en into consideration a+ainst the accused. 104. ,part fro% the aforesaid circu%stances 3 %ay also state that as per the prosecution case itself no further role )as ad%ittedly played by accused .a*bir at the actual ti%e of co%%ission of %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 'ra)in+ of any presu%ption that other co1accused persons )ere sittin+ in his car prior to the incident )ill be clearly a fallacious conclusion not borne out fro% any le+ally ad%issible e(idence led by the prosecution but based on the disclosure state%ents of accused persons only )hich are hit by section 25 @(idence ,ct and is thus not per%issible in la). #ne other state%ent %ade by 6%a 7ashyap and her husband 9i*ay 7ashyap that )hile they )ere tra(elin+ )ith accused &her &in+h .ana fro% .oor-ee to 'elhi on the %ornin+ of 25.07.2001 they had heard &her &in+h .ana tal-in+ on %obile phone and callin+ na%es .a*bir or &he-har repeatedly cannot a%ount to any incri%inatin+ circu%stance e(en if the deposition of !01175 6%a 7ashyap and !01185 9i*ay 7ashyap is ta-en to be correct in this re+ard. 4here %ay be nu%ber of circu%stances in )hich a person %ay tend to call any of his ac=uaintance >.a*bir ad%ittedly )as a prior ac=uaintance of accused &her &in+h .ana? and thus this fact in itself does not lead to any conclusion that .a*bir )as tra(elin+ )ith other t)o co1 accused na%ely she-har and 'han !ar-ash in another )hite $aruti car in State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 104 of 217 furtherance of any cri%inal conspiracy. T(e B)ose'0!#o% (as !(0s "a#$e- !o B)o<e !(#s '#)'0+s!a%'e. AAs'o%-a%'e o" a''0se- Ra4A#) S#%&( 105. 4he neBt circu%stance )hich the prosecution has sou+ht to pro(e is the abscondance of accused .a*bir alon+)ith other co1accused persons soon after the death of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i to different places and finally his arrest fro% outside the courts at &aharanpur )here he alle+edly ca%e to surrender alon+)ith accused .a*ender and &he-har. ,s already %entioned by %e )hile discussin+ the case of prosecution =ua accused .a*ender that %ere abscondin+ a)ay of a person after the incident )hether he )as in(ol(ed in the co%%ission of offence or not cannot be )er se treated as an incri%inatin+ circu%stance especially )hen the said circu%stance does not stand supported fro% any other incri%inatin+ circu%stance. 4hus nothin+ ad(erse can be read a+ainst hi% in %erely fleein+ a)ay fro% his house alon+)ith other co1accused persons e(en if this fact is presu%ed to be true as no other incri%inatin+ circu%stance stands pro(ed on record. #nce a+ain there is also nothin+ on record to sho) that police )ent to the house of .a*bir prior to his arrest or that he )as found to be %issin+. Re'o<e)2 o" 1(#!e ?a)0!# Ca) a%- s#C '(a%'e "#%&e) B)#%!s 106. ,s re+ards the reco(ery of i%pu+ned )hite %aruti car fro% a +ali near the court co%pleB &aharanpur 3 %ay state that not only the said car )as found to be par-ed in a public +ali )ith its -ey lyin+ on the +round State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 105 of 217 nearby but e(en other)ise e(en if the car is presu%ed to ha(e been reco(ered at his instance then also )hen the prosecution has failed to pro(e in any %anner the in(ol(e%ent of the said car in the conspiracy or e(en its presence at near the place of occurrence on the day of incident5 the reco(ery of the said car is co%pletely of no conse=uence. 3t is also of no si+nificance at all that the said )hite %aruti car )as o)ned by accused &her &in+h .ana or not and since .a*bir )as his old ac=uaintance so nothin+ ad(erse can be read a+ainst accused .a*bir e(en if at so%e point of ti%e he )as found to be in possession of the said )hite %aruti car. &i%ilar is the position )hen certain chance fin+er prints )ere found fro% the said )hite %aruti car and upon co%parison the sa%e tallied )ith that of accused .a*bir. 2o ad(erse inference can be dra)n fro% the said chance prints found inside the car and especially )hen use of the said car in the entire conspiracy could not be pro(ed by the prosecution. 107. 3 %ay thus once a+ain reiterate that since the in(ol(e%ent of )hite %aruti car in the i%pu+ned conspiracy could not be pro(ed so its reco(ery at the instance of accused .a*bir is also of no conse=uence. &i%ilarly )hen the deposition of ,&3 &hri 7rishan as re+ards the presence of accused .a*bir )ith the said )hite %aruti car at :ole 'a- 7hana on the day of incident appears to be doubtful so the subse=uent identification of accused .a*bir fro% his photo+raph by ,&3 &ri 7rishan is also of no conse=uence at all. 3n fact the presence of !0197 <eet &in+h5 the crane dri(er at near :ol 'a- 7hana on the day of incident )hen ,&3 &ri 7rishan )as tal-in+ to .a*bir is also (ery doubtful in the o(erall facts and circu%stances of the case. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 106 of 217 108. 4he prosecution case appears to be relyin+ upon too %any co1incidences and the sa%e puts the court %ore on its +uard to closely scrutiniAe the e(idence =ua such )itnesses of (arious co1incidences. 109. !0197 <eet &in+h5 the crane dri(er stated that )hen ,&3 &ri 7rishan )as posted in 0est 'istrict then at that ti%e his crane )as also attached on traffic police duty in 0est 'istrict only. 3t )as =uite stran+e that on the day of incident <eet &in+h alon+)ith his crane happened to be in 2e) 'elhi 'istrict e(en throu+h his crane )as not attached on traffic police duty in the 2e) 'elhi 'istrict and he happened to %eet ,&3 &ri 7rishan. 110. Be that as it %ay5 )hen the deposition of ,&3 &ri 7rishan itself does not inspire confidence so the clai% of this crane dri(er that he also sa) .a*bir )ith the said )hite %aruti car on that day at near :ol 'a- 7hana appears to be hi+hly doubtful. 111. 3n (ie) of %y aforesaid discussion 3 a% thus of the considered opinion that prosecution has %iserably failed in establishin+ the co%plicity of accused .a*bir in the conspiracy in any %anner )hatsoe(er. 3t is for this reason that his appearance as a surety for accused .a*ender in the courts at /arid)ar on 26.07.2001 %ay be )hile i%personatin+ as &he-har &in+h or on the basis of false docu%ents cannot be ta-en co+niAance of by this court at 'elhi. 3 need not to repeat %y discussion in this re+ard as %entioned )hile discussin+ the case of prosecution =ua accused &urender &in+h. 112. 4hus in so far the offence of per*ury or of falsification of docu%ents or of cheatin+ by i%personation a+ainst accused .a*bir is State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 107 of 217 concerned this court at 'elhi lac-s *urisdiction and e(en the (ery co+niAance of the offence of per*ury in the absence of a co%plaint u/s 195 r.!.. fro% the concerned court at /arid)ar is bad in la). T(e 'ase o" B)ose'0!#o% >0a #%<o$<e+e%! o" a''0se- Ra4A#) #% !(e #+B0&%e- ')#+#%a$ 'o%sB#)a'2 !(0s -oes %o! s!a%- B)o<e- a! a$$. Case a&a#%s! a''0se- 9#4a2 S#%&( Ra%a : Ra40 113. ,s already discussed =ua the deposition of !0 62 !an-a* 7alra )ho )as the sole )itness eBa%ined by the prosecution )ith re+ard to the %eetin+ alle+edly held at the house of accused &her &in+h .ana )herein the entire plan )as discussed and role assi+ned to different accused persons5 the said fact does not stand pro(ed as !062 !an-a* 7alra chose not to support the case of prosecution in this re+ard. 4hus the fact that such a %eetin+ too- place bet)een (arious co1accused persons does not stand pro(ed. 4he %ere fact that accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana )as the brother of accused &her &in+h .ana is also no incri%inatin+ circu%stance in itself. 114. ,s re+ards %obile phone no. 9837222779 alle+edly borro)ed by hi% fro% !03 7o(id Batra 3 %ay state 7o(id Batra has thou+h stated that accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana borro)ed his %obile phone no. 9837222779 for his brother &her &in+h .ana but there is no le+ally ad%issible e(idence to support the conclusion that it )as +i(en by accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana to accused &her &in+h .ana for bein+ used in the present conspiracy or that accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana )as a)are of any such conspiracy bein+ hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana. >&ho*gh State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 108 of 217 acc*sed Sher Singh #ana has admitted in his statement *8s 919 -r.P.-. that he borrowed mobile )hone no. 9A97666779 rom PE>9 (ovid 0atra. .e however denied that acc*sed 1i+a% Singh #ana borrowed it rom PE>9 (ovid 0atra?. 4hus e(en if for the sa-e of ar+u%ents it is presu%ed that the said %obile phone )as +i(en to accused &her &in+h .ana by accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana after borro)in+ it fro% 7o(id Batra then also there is nothin+ on record to su++est that accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana )as e(en a)are of the purported use of the said %obile phone by accused &her &in+h .ana in the present conspiracy. 4he prosecution case in this re+ard relies upon the disclosure state%ents of the accused persons only and the sa%e are clearly hit by section 25 @(idence ,ct. 4here is also nothin+ on record to su++est that accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana )as e(en a)are of the ob*ecti(e of the said conspiracy %uch less bein+ a party to the said conspiracy. 115. ,part fro% the aforesaid facts 3 %ay a+ain reiterate that the call detail record or the cell 3' chart )ith respect to the (arious %obile phones alle+ed to ha(e been used by the accused persons in carryin+ out the present conspiracy does not stand pro(ed by any le+ally ad%issible e(idence5 for no certificate u/s 65B of the 3ndian @(idence ,ct has been placed or pro(ed on record. 4hus another i%portant lin- )hich could ha(e pro(ed the use of said %obile phone in the present conspiracy is also %issin+. 'ra)in+ of any conclusion to the contrary )ill be pri%arily on the basis of con*unctures and sur%ises only. 116. 4he contention of 8d. &pecial !! that accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana facilitated the release of .a*ender &in+h and &har)an on bail on the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 109 of 217 basis of fa-e sureties or on the basis of false docu%ents is also not borne out fro% any le+ally ad%issible e(idence and the sa%e is clearly a conclusion dra)n by the in(esti+atin+ a+ency on the basis of disclosure state%ents %ade by the accused persons only. @(en !0 138 ,d(ocate .a%esh hander ,++ar)al and !0 139 8aB%an &in+h5 the cler- of ,d(ocate &atish haudhary or !0 144 &atish haudhary throu+h )ho% the (arious proceedin+s of surrenderin+ in the court or the subse=uent proceedin+s for release of accused &har)an and .a*ender fro% *ail too- place ha(e not supported the aforesaid conclusion. 117. 4here is yet another aspect of the %atter5 e(en if it is presu%ed for the sa-e of ar+u%ents that accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana facilitated the release of accused .a*ender and &har)an on bail on the basis of fa-e surety and false docu%ents5 then also in the absence of there bein+ no e(idence to pro(e that accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana )as a part of the present conspiracy hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana so at the %ost accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana by a stretch of ar+u%ents can only be prosecuted alon+)ith accused &urender5 .a*bir and !ardeep >since deceased? for the offence of per*ury or for tenderin+ false docu%ents in *udicial proceedin+s only before the courts at /arid)ar only. #nce a+ain the courts at 'elhi lac-s *urisdiction to try any such offence. 118. ,s re+ards the contention that after the incident accused &her &in+h .ana ran+ up accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana to flee a)ay fro% the house alon+)ith all fa%ily %e%bers and !062 !an-a* 7alra and that he %et accused &her &in+h .ana at /arid)ar .ail)ay &tation on 26.07.2001 or that he alon+)ith other fa%ily %e%bers stayed at a hotel in $ussoorie State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 110 of 217 also does not a%ount to any incri%inatin+ circu%stance. ,s already %entioned that e(en if it is presu%ed that accused &her &in+h .ana )as in(ol(ed in the co%%ission of %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i >I shall be disc*ssing the case o )rosec*tion G*a acc*sed Sher Singh #ana at a later stage? then also there is no e(idence on record to su++est that accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana )as a)are of the conspiracy so hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana or )as e(en a)are of the ob*ecti(e of the conspiracy prior to 25.07.2001 or e(en )hen he %et accused &her &in+h .ana at /arid)ar .ail)ay &tation on 26.07.2001. 4hus e(en if he fled a)ay alon+)ith other fa%ily %e%bers then at the %ost the sa%e can be construed as an ad(ice by accused &her &in+h .ana to his fa%ily %e%bers to +o a)ay fro% the house lest the police %ay harass the% in order to trace out accused &her &in+h .ana. &uch conduct does not appear to be i%probable. 3n fact )hat else could be the reason for parents of &her &in+h .ana to flee a)ay. $oreo(er as earlier also %entioned )hy the fa%ily %e%bers of &her &in+h .ana )ill ta-e alon+)ith the% !062 !an-a* 7alra. 3n fact !062 !an-a* 7alra has denied that he had +one alon+)ith accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana and other fa%ily %e%bers soon after the incident to $ussoorie and stayed in a hotel. 119. ,ccused 9i*ay &in+h .ana infact led e(idence in defence by callin+ the officers of telephone depart%ent fro% .oor-ee to sho) that calls )ere bein+ %ade fro% the telephone installed at their house durin+ the period )hen police clai%s that he alon+)ith other fa%ily %e%bers had fled a)ay fro% the house. 120. ,s re+ard the disclosure state%ent %ade by accused 9i*ay State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 111 of 217 &in+h .ana the sa%e is clearly inad%issible in la) bein+ hit by section 25 @(idence ,ct. 2either any fact nor anythin+ )as reco(ered pursuant thereto )hich %ay %a-e it ad%issible under section 27 @(idence ,ct. 121. Be that as it %ay5 in (ie) of %y aforesaid discussion 3 a% of the considered opinion that prosecution has %iserably failed in pro(in+ its case a+ainst accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana that either he )as part of the conspiracy in =uestion in any %anner or )as e(en a)are of the ob*ecti(e sou+ht to be achie(ed by any such conspiracy. T(e B)ose'0!#o% (as !(0s '$ea)$2 "a#$e- #% B)o<#%& #!s 'ase a&a#%s! a''0se- 9#4a2 S#%&( Ra%a : Ra40. Case a&a#%s! a''0se- A+#! Ra!(# 122. #nce a+ain the prior ac=uaintance of accused ,%it .athi )ith accused &her &in+h .ana bein+ both residents of .oor-eee e(en if presu%ed to be eBistin+ can not be held to be an incri%inatin+ circu%stance on its o)n. 0hat is ho)e(er re=uired to be seen is as to )hether the said prior ac=uaintance if ta-en into consideration )ith other circu%stances sou+ht to be pro(ed by the prosecution can a%ount to an incri%inatin+ circu%stance and thereby leadin+ to pro(e that he )as a part of the i%pu+ned cri%inal conspiracy. 2o doubt the fact that accused ,%it .athi )as runnin+ a +un house in the na%e of C&ubhash :un /ouseF in .oor-ee has not been disputed e(en by accused ,%it .athi hi%self. /o)e(er there is no le+ally ad%issible e(idence on record to sho) that he e(er supplied one re(ol(er %ade C0@B8@D E , 84'5 to accused &her &in+h .ana5 eBcept for the disclosure state%ents of the t)o accused State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 112 of 217 persons )hich is clearly hit by &. 25 @(idence ,ct. 4here is nothin+ else on record to support this conclusion. 4hus dra)in+ of any such presu%ption %erely on the basis of con*unctures and sur%ises )ill not only be fallacious but )ill be also contrary to the settled principles of 8a). 123. ,s re+ards +ettin+ the +roo(es of the re(ol(er ta%pered )ith so that it %ay not tally )ith the bullets fired fro% it !0 70 ,fa= ,h%ed has co%pletely diso)ned the prosecution story to this effect. /e e(en denied that at any point of ti%e he )as )or-in+ at the shop of accused ,%it .athi or that any re(ol(er )as e(er +i(en to hi% for repair %uch less for ta%perin+ )ith its +roo(es. 4his )itness )as accordin+ly declared hostile by 8d. &pecial !! and )as cross eBa%ined at len+th but nothin+ %aterial could be elicited fro% his %outh )hich could either fa(our the case of the prosecution or %ay lead %e to disbelie(e his deposition in any %anner. 124. 8d. ounsel for accused ,%it .athi e(en pointed out that the ballistic eBpert also did not obser(e in his report that the +roo(es of the t)o re(ol(ers )ere found te%pered and thus this theory of prosecution that accused ,%it .athi +ot the +roo(es of the re(ol(ers ta%pered )ith does not found support e(en fro% the ballistic eBpert report. 125. ,s re+ards the reco(ery of a diary on 16.08.2001 fro% the house of accused &her &in+h .ana in )hich the nu%ber of accused ,%it .athi or accused !ar(een $ittal )ere )ritten5 3 %ay state that the sa%e is also of no conse=uence eBcept that it %ay reflect so%e prior interaction bet)een the t)o but not necessarily in respect of the conspiracy in =uestion. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 113 of 217 126. 4he prosecution also sou+ht to pro(e that after the co%%ission of the offence on 25.07.015 accused &her &in+h .ana infor%ed accused ,%it .athi on telephone that he should abscond a)ay as the police %i+ht apprehend hi%. /o)e(er 3 %ay a+ain state that in this re+ard also prosecution has failed as e(en this could not be pro(ed that the telephone in =uestion on )hich &her &in+h .ana alle+edly ran+ up )as installed at the shop of accused ,%it .athi %uch less that after the incident any such phone call )as %ade by accused &her &in+h .ana. ,s already discussed the call details or cell 31' chart of the %obile phones alle+edly used by accused &her &in+h can not be read into e(idence in the absence of ertificate u/s 65 B 3ndian @(idence ,ct 1872. 4he prosecution has thus clearly failed in this re+ard also. 127. 3n (ie) of %y aforesaid discussion5 3 a% thus of the considered opinion that the prosecution has been unable to lead any e(idence )hich could sho) that accused ,%it .athi )as in any %anner in(ol(ed in the hatchin+ of the said conspiracy or that he )as a)are of any such cri%inal conspiracy %uch less of the ob*ecti(e sou+ht to be achie(ed in pursuance to the said cri%inal conspiracy. 128. 4he prosecution has thus co%pletely failed to pro(e that accused ,%it .athi at any point of ti%e )as in possession of any unlicensed ar% %uch less that he supplied the sa%e to accused &her &in+h .ana. T(e B)ose'0!#o% (as !(0s '$ea)$2 "a#$e- #% B)o<#%& #!s 'ase a&a#%s! a''0se- A+#! Ra!(#. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 114 of 217 Case a&a#%s! a''0se- Pa)<ee% ?#!!a$. 129. ,s re+ard the fact that accused !ar(een $ittal )as a practicin+ ,d(ocate at .oor-ee courts5 the sa%e stands pro(ed fro% the deposition of !ar(een $ittal hi%self also )hen he entered the )itness boB as '011 u/s 315 r.!. ,s re+ards the prior ac=uaintance of accused !ar(een $ittal )ith accused &her &in+h .ana the sa%e thou+h has not been pro(ed by )ay of any le+ally ad%issible e(idence led by the prosecution (iA. that he either e(er represented accused &her &in+h .ana in any %atter before any ourt of 8a) or in any other %anner he )as -no)n to hi% but e(en if the said prior ac=uaintance is presu%ed for the sa-e of ar+u%ents then also as already discussed earlier )hile discussin+ the case of other accused persons can not in itself a%ount to an incri%inatin+ circu%stance. 130. ,s re+ard the supply of one re(ol(er C$,'@ 32 328@2'F by accused !ar(een $ittal to accused &her &in+h .ana5 the prosecution sou+ht to pro(e it by )ay of the deposition of !0 62 !an-a* 7alra. #nce a+ain as already %entioned =ua the deposition of !0 62 !an-a* 7alra he has chosen to not support the case of prosecution on any of the %aterial aspect includin+ supply of any such re(ol(er by accused !ar(een $ittal to &her &in+h .ana in his presence. /e specifically denied the su++estion put to hi% by 8d. &pecial !! in his cross1eBa%ination that in his presence any re(ol(er )as handed o(er by accused !ar(een $ittal to accused &her &in+h .ana )rapped in a polythene ba+. 131. ,s re+ard the alle+ed le+al ad(ise +i(en by accused !ar(een State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 115 of 217 $ittal to accused &her &in+h .ana5 3 %ay a+ain state that the sa%e is sou+ht to be pro(ed by the prosecution only by (irtue of the disclosure state%ents of the accused persons )hich are clearly hit by &. 25 @(idence ,ct and can not be read into e(idence. 132. ,s re+ard the diary reco(ered fro% accused &her &in+h .ana in )hich the nu%bers of accused ,%it .athi or accused !ar(een $ittal )ere )ritten5 the sa%e once a+ain can at the %ost +o to su++est that accused &her &in+h .ana had so%e prior ac=uaintance )ith the% and nothin+ %ore. > I am not at all entering into an% disc*ssion as regard the contention o Ld. deence -o*nsel that the diar% was s*bseG*entl% )lanted b% the )olice, or the same is not reG*ired?. 133. 3n (ie) of %y aforesaid discussion5 3 a% thus of the considered opinion that prosecution has failed to pro(e e(en by pre1 ponderance of probability %uch less beyond shado)s of all reasonable doubts that accused !ar(een $ittal )as in any %anner connected )ith the hatchin+ of the i%pu+ned cri%inal conspiracy by accused &her &in+h .ana or others or that he participated in it in any %anner or that he )as e(en a)are of the ob*ecti(e sou+ht to be achie(ed by the said cri%inal conspiracy. 134. 4he prosecution has thus co%pletely failed to pro(e that accused !ar(een $ittal at any point of ti%e )as in possession of any unlicensed ar% %uch less that he supplied the sa%e to accused &her &in+h .ana. T(e B)ose'0!#o% (as !(0s "a#$e- #% B)o<#%& #!s 'ase a&a#%s! a''0se- State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 116 of 217 Pa)<ee% ?#!!a$. Case a&a#%s! a''0se- @es(a< C(a0(a%. 135. ,ccused 7esha( hauhan is bein+ tried only for the offence u/s 201 3! for ha(in+ caused disappearance of the e(idence of co%%ission of cri%e. 4he prosecution has sou+ht to pro(e its case a+ainst accused 7esha( hauhan by (irtue of deposition of !016 &urender &har%a5 !01127 .a% hander 7ashyap5 !01141 .an*it &in+h and !01160 6%ed &in+h. 3t is the case of prosecution that accused 7esha( hauhan )ho )as a )or-er of the party of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as present in the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i on the day of incident i.e. 25.07.01. &oon after the attac- on &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender too- place and people +athered o(er there then accused 7esha( hauhan pic-ed up the t)o country %ade pistols >)eapons of offence? )hich )ere dropped at the spot by the t)o assailants and concealed the% in his clothes and later on in the +ara+e of the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )ith a (ie) to sell the% at so%e later point of ti%e in order to earn so%e %oney. !016 &urender &har%a )ho )as a chance )itness ho)e(er sa) hi% doin+ so before 7esha( hauhan sat in the %aruti (an in )hich the t)o in*ured )ere re%o(ed to hospital. 136. ,s per the char+e sheet >)age 66 o the charge>sheet? the case of prosecution is that !0 141 .an*eet &in+h sa) t)o country %ade pistols lyin+ in the +ara+e of /. 2o. 445 ,sho-a .oad and in order to preser(e the% he -ept the% in a corner of the +ara+e. /e thereafter infor%ed about it to !0 127 .a% hander 7ashyap )ho in turn infor%ed State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 117 of 217 about it to 6%ed &in+h5 husband of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 4hereafter on 30.07.01 6%ed &in+h infor%ed the police in )ritin+ about t)o country %ade pistols lyin+ in the +ara+e. 137. Before 3 ad(ert on to the nature of deposition of the said )itnesses5 3 %ay state at the threshold itself that the story so propounded by the in(esti+atin+ a+ency appears to be hi+hly i%probable. 3t is hi+hly unbelie(able that soon after the co%%ission of such a %urderous assault on &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and her !&# *ust outside the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i resultin+ in +atherin+ of a nu%ber of persons in shoc- and surprise and arri(al of police )ithin 5 %inutes of re%o(al of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i to hospital fro% the spot one poor person )ho )as present in the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )ill +o out and pic- up the )eapons of offence fro% the spot and conceal the% in the +ara+e of the house )ith a (ie) to sell the% at a later point of ti%e in order to earn %oney. 3n fact as per !016 &urender &har%a5 7esha( hauhan also sat in the said %aruti (an in )hich &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender )ere re%o(ed to hospital and prior to it he had pic-ed up the t)o C-attasF lyin+ on the spot. 4his conduct is hi+hly i%probable hu%an conduct and is difficult to di+est. 3nfact fro% the nature of in(esti+ation conducted it is apparent that the said story has been coo-ed up by the police later on in order to co(er up certain +aps and lacunas in their in(esti+ation. 3t is beyond co%prehension as to )hy 3nsp. :.8. $ehta )ho initially recorded the state%ent of )itness 7ali haran or subse=uently 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi- )ho )as entrusted )ith the further in(esti+ation of the %atter after re+istration of the ;3. %uch less any of the other police officers )ho reached the spot did not %a-e any efforts to trace out the said t)o %issin+ country %ade pistols >)eapons of offence? fro% State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 118 of 217 the spot on that day itself. 138. o%plainant 7ali haran in his state%ent had stated that the assailants initially fired fro% the country %ade pistols and thereafter they dropped the% at the spot itself and then fired fro% the t)o re(ol(ers they )ere holdin+ in their other hand. 4hus it )as (ery %uch to the -no)led+e of 3nsp. :.8. $ehta and other police officials that t)o )eapon of offence out of the four )ere dropped at the spot itself by the assailants. 4he entire case file is silent as to )hy no efforts )ere %ade to trace out the said %issin+ )eapons of offence fro% the spot on the day of incident itself or e(en thereafter till 30.07.2001. 139. ,part fro% the aforesaid circu%stances it is also =uite stran+e that .a% hander or .an*eet &in+h despite co%in+ to -no) about accused 7esha( hauhan ha(in+ lifted the said t)o country %ade pistols fro% the spot did not report the %atter to the police. 140. ,part fro% the aforesaid circu%stances it )ill be )orth)hile to see as to )hat !0 127 .a% hander 7ashyap or !0 141 .an*eet &in+h deposed in the ourt. 4heir deposition )ill a+ain fortify %y initial obser(ation that the conclusions %entioned in the char+e1sheet does not co1relate )ith the e(idence led by the prosecution. 141. !01127 .a% hander 7ashyap stated that on 26.07.01 .an*eet &in+h told hi% that t)o country %ade pistols )ere lyin+ hidden in the +ara+e of the bun+alo) beneath the table. /e further stated that he ho)e(er told hi% that )e should not tell about it to anybody for it is the duty of the police to in(esti+ate. /e further stated that on 27.07.01 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 119 of 217 accused 7esha( hauhan ca%e to the bun+alo) and he heard hi% sayin+ to !01141 .an*eet &in+h that t)o country %ade pistols lyin+ in the +ara+e )ere the )eapons used in the cri%e i.e. in the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and the attac- on t. Balender and also that those t)o fire ar%s )ere pic-ed up by hi% fro% the place of occurrence after the incident and he placed the% in the +ara+e. 142. !0 127 .a% hander 7ashyap further stated that he disclosed and narrated the abo(e facts to !0 1605 6%ed &in+h5 husband of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. /e further stated that 6%ed &in+h also did not ta-e any further action )hen he infor%ed hi% about the said facts as he i.e. 6%ed &in+h )as also terrified. 143. !0 141 .an*eet &in+h on the other hand stated that on the ni+ht of 25.07.01 he had stayed in the +ara+e of /.2o. 445 ,sho-a .oad and )hen on the neBt %ornin+ he )as cleanin+ the +ara+e then he found so%e iron articles5 )hich the police later on told hi% )ere fire ar%s. /e further stated that the said fire ar%s )ere -ept by hi% in a cloth ba+ and )ere put belo) a )ooden cho)-i lyin+ in the +ara+e. /e further stated that on the neBt day i.e. on 27.07.01 !0 .a% hander 7ashyap disclosed to hi% that one 7esha( hauhan has put the fire ar%s in the +ara+e. /e further stated that after .a% hander 7ashyap told hi% so then he i.e. !011415 .an*eet &in+h told about the fact of reco(ery of fire ar%s to !0 11045 $unni 'e(i5 the sister of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 144. 2one of the aforesaid t)o )itnesses )ere either declared hostile or cross1eBa%ined on behalf of the prosecution on any +round State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 120 of 217 )hatsoe(er. 3t is thus clear that both these )itnesses not only contradicted each other but also deposed contrary to the contents of the char+e1sheet. 0hile !0 1275 .a% hander 7ashyap stated that he had o(er heard 7esha( hauhan tellin+ !0 141 .an*eet &in+h that he pic-ed up the fire ar%s )hich )ere the )eapon of offence fro% the spot soon after the incident but !0 141 stated that .a% hander 7ashyap told hi% that the fire ar%s )ere pic-ed up by 7esha( hauhan fro% the spot and )ere hidden in the +ara+e. 145. $oreo(er !0 1415 .an*eet &in+h stated that he disclosed about these facts to !0 104 $unni 'e(i but !0 127 .a% hander 7ashyap stated that he disclosed about the t)o country %ade pistols lyin+ in the +ara+e to 6%ed &in+h but 6%ed &in+h also did not ta-e any action as he too )as terrified. 146. ;ro% the aforesaid nature of deposition of these t)o )itnesses it is thus crystal clear that the t)o country %ade pistols )ere not reco(ered in the %anner as is no) pro*ected to ha(e been reco(ered. 4his a+ain supports %y aforesaid discussion that such conduct of a person in liftin+ t)o )eapons of offence fro% the spot soon after the incident i.e. )ithin fe) %inutes of the firin+ incident ha(in+ ta-en place is hi+hly i%probable and unbelie(able conduct. 4hus such a conduct attributed to accused 7esha( hauhan is per se not belie(able. 147. 3t )ill be also )orth)hile to point out that e(en 3# 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi- in his eBa%ination1in1chief stated that on 30.07.2001 !0 141 .an*eet &in+h told hi% about the country %ade pistols lyin+ in the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 121 of 217 +ara+e. /e )as thus co%pletely silent that !0 160 6%ed &in+h had infor%ed hi% about the said country %ade pistols lyin+ in the +ara+e %uch less in )ritin+. 148. 3n (ie) of %y aforesaid discussion 3 a% thus of the considered opinion that prosecution has %iserably failed to e(en pro(e by pre1ponderance of probabilities %uch less beyond reasonable doubts that the t)o )eapon of offence )ere pic-ed up by accused 7esha( hauhan fro% the spot soon after the incident or )ere hidden in the +ara+e of /.2o. 445 ,sho-a .oad by hi%. T(e B)ose'0!#o% (as !(0s '$ea)$2 "a#$e- #% B)o<#%& #!s 'ase a&a#%s! a''0se- @es(a< C(a0(a%. Ce)!a#% 0%eCB$a#%e- '#)'0+s!a%'es #% !(e B)ose'0!#o% 'ase. 149. ,t this sta+e 3 )ould li-e to point out another interestin+ aspect of the present case. 4he char+e sheet filed by the police states that thou+h t)o country %ade pistols )ere pro(ided to accused &her &in+h .ana by one $ust-ee% and later on $ust-ee% )as found lod+ed in one case of !& 7ot)ali5 $uAaffar 2a+ar. 4he char+e sheet also states that father of accused &her &in+h .ana na%ely5 &urender &in+h had deliberately +ot his surety )ithdra)n on 18.07.2001 in the case under @Bcise ,ct already pendin+ a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana and thereby facilitatin+ &har)an to +o inside the *ail )hile i%personatin+ as accused &her &in+h .ana. 4he char+e sheet ho)e(er thereafter states that the said t)o persons could not be char+e1sheeted due to lac- of sufficient e(idence. >Page 99 o the charge>sheet? State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 122 of 217 150. 4hese facts rather hi+h li+ht the (a+ue5 arbitrary and double standards of the in(esti+atin+ a+ency. 0hile on the one hand they arrayed a nu%ber of accused persons na%ely5 !ar(een $ittal5 ,%it .athi and 9i*ay &in+h .ana pri%arily on the basis of deposition of !062 !an-a* 7alra or !0170 ,fa= ,h%ed5 an e%ployee at the shop of accused ,%it .athi but for reasons best -no)n to the in(esti+atin+ a+ency it did not in(esti+ate properly the facts as to )hen and ho) $ust-ee% %ade a(ailable the t)o country %ade pistols to accused &her &in+h .ana or )hether accused &urender &in+h .ana5 father of &her &in+h .ana acted in furtherance of the conspiracy so hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana and others. 3n fact as discussed earlier !0162 !an-a* 7alra by (irtue of the in(esti+ation so carried out appears to be a person )ho )as a)are of the conspiracy bein+ so hatched but later on bac-ed out and did not *oin the conspiracy any further. ,s per prosecution case he thereafter fled a)ay fro% his house after the incident alon+)ith fa%ily %e%bers of accused &her &in+h .ana. !0162 !an-a* 7alra as discussed earlier has ho)e(er co%pletely diso)ned the prosecution story in this re+ard in his deposition in the ourt. 151. /o)e(er5 as earlier also %entioned the in(esti+ation as carried out in the present case is not free fro% doubts and as 3 shall be discussin+ later on also )hile discussin+ the case =ua accused &her &in+h .ana5 &he-har and 'han !ar-ash that the in(esti+ation in the present case has been carried out in a (ery shoddy %anner either )ith a (ie) to shield the real culprits or )ith a (ie) to )or- out a hi+h profile case to a(oid any pressure fro% the hi+her authorities. 152. 4here is no eBplanation on record as to by )hat %easure the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 123 of 217 e(idence a+ainst accused $ust-ee% or &urender &in+h .ana )as found short. 3f accused ,%it .athi or !ar(een $ittal could ha(e been arrayed for supplyin+ )eapons to accused &her &in+h .ana then ho) the role of $ust-ee% stood on a different footin+. 153. &i%ilarly if &her &in+h .ana )as char+e sheeted for creatin+ a false plea of alibi by +ettin+ accused &har)an 7u%ar i%prisoned as &her &in+h .ana then the said act could not ha(e been possible )ithout &urender &in+h first )ithdra)in+ his surety and producin+ accused &her &in+h .ana in the court. 3n fact !01138 ,d(ocate .a%esh hander ,++ar)al stated so that one person )hose na%e )as disclosed to hi% as &her &in+h .ana )as produced in the court by &urender &in+h .ana. 4hus producin+ &har)an 7u%ar in the court as &her &in+h .ana could not ha(e been possible unless &urender &in+h )as also in(ol(ed in the conspiracy. ,lternati(ely if &urinder &in+h .ana )as not in(ol(ed in the conspiracy than it also cannot be concluded that &har)an 7u%ar )ent to *ail i%personatin+ as &her &in+h .ana in pursuance to the conspiracy in =uestion herein. >I shall be however disc*ssing this as)ect at length at a later stage while disc*ssing the case G*a acc*sed Sharwan (*mar?. 154. 4hus the fact re%ains that the in(esti+ation in the present %atter has a nu%ber of uneBplained circu%stances )hich clearly raises +ra(e shado)s of doubts as to the (eracity or correctness of the in(esti+ation so carried out. W(e!(e) !(e assa#$a%!s o" S+!. P(oo$a% De<# 1e)e +as;e- 155. Before ad(ertin+ further to discuss the case of prosecution State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 124 of 217 =ua accused &her &in+h .ana5 &he-har or 'han !ar-ash 3 )ould first li-e to deal )ith one i%portant aspect of the prosecution case as to )hether the assailants or the dri(er of car bearin+ no. 3$1907 in )hich the assailants fled a)ay fro% the spot after the incident )ere )earin+ %as-s at the ti%e of incident or not. 156. ,s already %entioned the accused persons ha(e been harpin+ upon this aspect of the %atter ri+ht fro% the be+innin+ of the trial statin+ that as per (arious co%%unications underta-en by senior officers of the police on the day of incident itself the assailants of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )ere %as-ed persons. 4hey produced before the court copy of such co%%unications %ade by the senior officers of police to (arious authorities in :o(t. of 24 of 'elhi5 :o(t of 3ndia or to the &ecretary :eneral 8o- &abha on the day of incident itself i.e. on 25.07.20015 ha(in+ been obtained by the% under .43. 4hey also placed on record copies of proceedin+s of 8o- &abha of the day of incident i.e. 25.07.2001 re+ardin+ the circu%stances in )hich &%t. !hoolan 'e(i5 the then5 $e%ber of !arlia%ent )as shot dead or that of the proceedin+s )hich too- place on 31.07.2001 re+ardin+ the obituary reference %ade in the 8o- &abha. 4he state%ents )ith re+ard to the circu%stances in )hich the death of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i too- place )ere %ade in the 8o- &abha by5 the then5 /o%e $inister5 :o(t. of 3ndia &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani. 157. Before 3 ad(ert on to the contents of the said co%%unications or the state%ents %ade in the 8o- &abha on the t)o dates it )ill be )orth)hile to %ention certain ob*ections pri%arily raised by 8d. &pecial !! for the &tate as re+ards the ad%issibility of these docu%ents. 4he accused State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 125 of 217 persons recei(ed copies of the said co%%unications and record of proceedin+s under .43 fro% 'elhi !olice and fro% 8o- &abha &ecretariat and accused &he-har &in+h thereafter placed the% on record in his deposition as '02 )hen he entered the )itness boB u/s 315 r.!.. 8d. &pecial !! for the &tate ho)e(er ob*ected to the %ode of proof of the said docu%ents. 158. 3n this re+ard it )ill be )orth)hile to %ention that durin+ the course of trial a nu%ber of applications )ere %o(ed by the accused persons see-in+ to su%%on &h. &uresh .oy5 the then5 <oint o%%issioner of !olice5 2e) 'elhi ran+e and &h. 7. 7. !aul5 the then5 <oint o%%issioner of ri%e Branch )ho had %ade the said co%%unications to &h. !. 7. <alali5 <oint &ecretary5 $inistry of /o%e ,ffairs5 :o(t. of 3ndia or to the office of 8ieutenant :o(ernor5 'elhi on the day of incident itself. 4hey also %ade re=uest to su%%on &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani )ho had %ade a state%ent in the 8o- &abha on 25.07.2001 and 31.07.20015 &h. !. 7. <alali5 <oint &ecretary5 $inistry of /o%e ,ffairs5 :o(t. of 3ndia and to &ecretary to /onHble 8ieutenant :o(ernor of 'elhi to )ho% the said co%%unications )ere addressed but the sa%e )ere stron+ly opposed by the prosecution. 4he then 8d. !redecessor of this court also dis%issed the said application findin+ it to be not necessary to su%%on the said )itnesses. 4he said order )as ho)e(er challen+ed before /onHble /i+h ourt of 'elhi by the accused persons. /o)e(er in the proceedin+s before /onHble /i+h ourt of 'elhi 8d. ,!! representin+ the &tate %ade a state%ent that since the docu%ents )hich are sou+ht to be pro(ed by su%%onin+ (arious )itnesses are undisputed docu%ents so there )as no re=uire%ent to su%%on the said )itnesses. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 126 of 217 159. /onHble /i+h ourt accordin+ly in (ie) of the aforesaid sub%issions of 8d. ,!! obser(ed that as the docu%ents in =uestion are not in dispute so the )itnesses sou+ht to be su%%oned )ere not re=uired. /o)e(er re=uest of the accused persons )as allo)ed to the effect that necessary record fro% the office of !3#5 !atiala /ouse ourts be su%%oned. 4hereafter )hen the !3#5 !atiala /ouse ourts )here the said docu%ents )ere alle+edly recei(ed fro% the office of '!5 ri%e in response to an .43 application )as called then it )as found that no such docu%ents )ere a(ailable )ith hi%. 3n this re+ard &h. 9i*ay 7u%ar )ho )as !3#5 !atiala /ouse ourts )as eBa%ined as a court )itness and he stated that the .43 application %o(ed by $s. .eenala <halala5 ,d(ocate )as recei(ed as-in+ for copies of follo)in+ co%%unication"1 1. 4he attested copy of letter 2o. 1533/!.&ec./2'. dated 25.07.2001 sent by &h. &uresh .oy5 <oint o%%issioner of !olice to &h. !.7. <alali in case ;3. 2o. 253/015 !& !arlia%ent &treet. 2. ,ttested copy of letter 2o. 1121/!.&ec./<oint !/ri%e dated 26.07.2001 sent by &h. 7.7. !aul5 <oint o%%issioner of !olice to &h. !.7. <alali in case ;3. 2o. 253/015 !& !arlia%ent &treet. 3. ,ttested copy of letter 2o. 1128/!.&ec./<oint !/ri%e dated 28.07.2001 sent by &h. 7.7. !aul5 <oint o%%issioner of !olice to &h. !.7. <alali in case ;3. 2o. 253/015 !& !arlia%ent &treet. 4. ,ttested copy of letter 2o. 1132/!.&ec./<oint !/ri%e dated 30.07.2001 sent by &h. 7.7. !aul5 <oint o%%issioner of !olice to &h. !.7. <alali in case ;3. 2o. 253/015 !& !arlia%ent &treet. 160. /e further stated that the said docu%ents )ere ho)e(er not State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 127 of 217 a(ailable in their record. 3n these circu%stances this court directed su%%onin+ of one &3 &hya% &under )ho )as 3nchar+e5 .43 ell5 ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice to produce the record pertainin+ to the present case. /e accordin+ly produced the record and )herein copies of the aforesaid co%%unications )ere (ery %uch a(ailable and the sa%e )ere placed on record as @B. 01/, to @B. 01/'. /o)e(er the letters or co%%unication (ide )hich the said infor%ation )as sou+ht by the .43 ell of ri%e Branch5 'elhi !olice fro% the office of &h. &uresh .oy and &h. 7. 7. !aul5 the t)o <oint o%%issioners )ere not a(ailable on record. 161. ,fter the aforesaid proceedin+s5 final ar+u%ents at len+th )ere heard by this court for a period of about 1 T %onths and )hen 8d. ounsel for the accused persons and accused &her &in+h .ana hi%self a+ain sou+ht to place reliance on the aforesaid docu%ents or on the record of the proceedin+s of 8o- &abha dated 25.07.2001 and 31.07.2001 then 8d. &pecial !! stron+ly opposed the placin+ of any reliance on the said docu%ents statin+ that the sa%e ha(e not been pro(ed as per @(idence ,ct and thus cannot be read into e(idence. 162. 3t )as at this sta+e that this court (ide a detailed order dated 19.07.2014 thou+ht it appropriate to su%%on u/s 311 r.!5 &h. &uresh .oy5 the then5 <oint o%%issioner of !olice5 'elhi ran+e5 as a court )itness. &h. &uresh .oy )as thus eBa%ined as a ourt )itness on 04.08.14. 163. ;ro% the aforesaid circu%stances a nu%ber of =uestions arises"1 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 128 of 217 i. ;irstly )hat )as the reason for %a-in+ such co%%unication by the senior officers of !olice to (arious hi+her authorities on that day or )hat )as the reason &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani5 the then5 /o%e $inister5 :o(t. of 3ndia chose to %a-e a state%ent in the !arlia%ent initially on 25.07.2001 and subse=uently on 31.07.2001. ii. &econdly )hat )as the basis of infor%ation on )hich &h. &uresh .oy and &h. 7. 7. !aul %ade the said co%%unication. iii. 4hirdly )hat )as the basis on )hich &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani %ade a state%ent on 25.07.2001 and 31.07.2001 in the 8o- &abha. i(. ;ourthly )hether the true/certified copies obtained by the accused persons under .43 fro% 'elhi !olice and 8o- &abha &ecretariat )hich carries follo)in+ endorse%ent can be per se read into e(idence. 4he copies of docu%ents containin+ discussion held in 8o- &abha on 25.07.2001 and 31.07.2001 ha(e been certified by &h. /arish hander >'y. &ecretary5 8o- &abha? )ith the follo)in+ endorse%ent"1 certified that this paper has been pro(ided to 7uldeep 7u%ar sd1 /arish hander 'y. &ecretary 8o- &abha State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 129 of 217 4he copies of docu%ents recei(ed fro% police >/I? ha(e been C,ttestedF by ,ssistant o%%issioner of !olice >/I?5 2e) 'elhi 'istrict5 2e) 'elhi. (. ;ifthly )hether the contention of ld. &pecial !! that these docu%ents cannot be read into e(idence bein+ not le+ally pro(ed can hold +round especially in (ie) of the chan+in+ stand of &tate before this court and before /onHble /i+h ourt of 'elhi. (i. 8astly )hether the in(esti+atin+ a+ency or the prosecutin+ a+ency )ere not under a duty to place before this court the entire circu%stances under )hich the said co%%unications )ere %ade or in other )ords )hat could be the reasons for the in(esti+atin+ a+ency and the prosecutin+ a+ency to )ithhold the said docu%ents fro% the trial courtO 164. 7eepin+ in (ie) the o(erall facts and circu%stances of the case and the e(idence led by the prosecution and the accused persons the ans)er to the aforesaid =uestions in %y considered (ie) can be only as under" i. ,s re+ard the necessity for %a-in+ such co%%unications by the senior officers of the police to different hi+her authorities or %a-in+ of such a state%ent in the 8o- &abha by &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani5 the sa%e does not re=uire any len+thly discussion as on the day of her death &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as a sittin+ %e%ber of !arlia%ent and ad%ittedly !arlia%ent )as in &ession on that day. 4he fact that a sittin+ %e%ber of !arlia%ent +ot %urdered in the heart of 'elhi State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 130 of 217 shoc-ed the conscience of entire 2ation leadin+ to outra+e a%on+st the %e%bers of !arlia%ent. 4hus senior officers of police %ade i%%ediate co%%unication to the hi+her authorities infor%in+ about the circu%stances in )hich the %urder too- place as is also e(ident fro% the state%ent %ade by &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani in the 8o- &abha on 25.07.2001. ,s per the record of the proceedin+s dated 25.07.2001 of 8o- &abha5 &h. ,d(ani stated that he had a tal- )ith o%%issioner of 'elhi !olice )ho hi%self )as present at .$8 hospital )here &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender )ere ta-en after the incident and he infor%ed hi% that 3 %as-ed assailants had carried out the attac-. ii. ,s re+ard the basis of the co%%unication %ade by the senior officers of police the sa%e could either be the infor%ation supplied to the% by the in(esti+atin+ officers )ho reached the place of incident soon after the incident too- place and %ade in=uiries o(er there or in the alternati(e the personal infor%ation +athered by these senior police officers the%sel(es by reachin+ at the spot and %a-in+ in=uiries o(er there. 3nfact &h. &uresh .oy5 the then <oint o%%issioner of !olice5 'elhi .an+e )hen eBa%ined as a ourt )itness stated that on the day of incident i.e. on 25.07.01 upon recei(in+ infor%ation about the incident he had +one initially to the place of incident i.e. 445 ,sho-a .oad and thereafter to .$8 hospital )here the in*ured )ere ta-en. ;ro% the hospital he had +one to !andit !ant $ar+ )here ar 2o. 3$1907 )as found lyin+ abandoned. /e further stated that he hi%self had seen place of incidence as )ell as the place )here ar in =uestion )as found lyin+ State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 131 of 217 abandoned and thereafter he %ade oral co%%unication initially to the then o%%issioner of !olice &h. ,*ay .a* &har%a on telephone and thereafter on the directions of o%%issioner of !olice %ade )ritten co%%unications to &h. !.7. <alali5 <oint &ecretary5 $inistry of /o%e5 :o(ern%ent of 3ndia and to &h. :.. $alhotra5 &ecretary :eneral 8o- &abha beside issuin+ a !ress .elease. /e further stated that as a lar+e nu%ber of public persons had +athered around the ar as )ell as at 44 ,sho-a .oad and )ere sayin+ that probably the assailants )ere %as-ed so he too infor%ed o%%issioner of !olice that probably the assailants )ere %as-ed. /e further stated that under this belief only he %entioned in the )ritten co%%unications as )ell as in the !ress .elease that the assailants )ere %as-ed. /o)e(er in response to certain =uestions put by the ourt he further stated that before sendin+ the said co%%unications @B. 0 5/,5 0 5/B and 0 5/ >!ress release?5 he had no tal-s or discussion either )ith 3# 3nsp. :.8. $ehta or 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi-. /e further stated that thou+h he had recei(ed a copy of the ;3. after its re+istration but only +a(e a cursory loo- to it as by that ti%e the in(esti+ation of the case )as already transferred to ri%e Branch. /e further stated that the copy of the said !ress .elease sent by hi% )as also handed o(er to ri%e Branch #fficers on their re=uest on 25.07.01 itself. /e further stated that despite co%in+ to -no) of the actual facts that the assailants )ere not %as-ed on 25.07.01 itself he did not issue either any correction note in respect of the said co%%unications earlier %ade by hi% or any fresh !ress .elease. iii. ,s re+ard the basis on )hich &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani %ust ha(e %ade the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 132 of 217 state%ent in the 8o- &abha on 25.07.01 as discussed abo(e finds %ention in the proceedin+s of the 8o- &abha itself. /e said that he had personally tal-ed to5 the then5 o%%issioner of !olice )ho )as present at the hospital. ,part fro% this the other basis of infor%ation could be the co%%unication sent by the senior officers of police as %entioned abo(e on 25.07.2001 itself. /o)e(er as re+ard the state%ent %ade by &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani on 31.07.2001 3 %ay state that fro% a perusal of the said state%ent as has been recorded in the proceedin+s of 8o- &abha of that day it is clearly apparent that he reiterated the in(esti+ation )hich )as carried out till that day in the present %atter. 3t thus does not re=uire any far1fetched ar+u%ent to conclude that the said infor%ation could ha(e been possible only )hen the in(esti+atin+ a+ency %ust ha(e disclosed those facts to &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani either personally or throu+h so%e other co%%unication %ade to his office. K*estion 4o. 2iv3 2v3 and 2vi3 are being taken together being interconnected. 2o) co%es the %ost i%portant aspect of ad%issibility of the said co%%unication. 4he said issue in %y considered opinion has to be considered under different pro(isions of @(idence ,ct. &ection 5 of the @(idence ,ct says that e(idence %ay be +i(en of all facts in issue and rele(ant facts. &ection 6 thereafter tal-s of rele(ancy of facts for%in+ part of sa%e transaction. ,d%ittedly the said co%%unications )ere %ade by the senior State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 133 of 217 officers of police )ithin fe) hours of incident on 25.07.2001 itself. 3n fact &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani %ade a state%ent in the 8o- &abha at 1500 hours i.e. )ithin 1 T hour of the incident. $oreo(er he stated that he )as infor%ed about all such facts by the o%%issioner of !olice )ho )as present at the hospital. &h. &uresh .oy has also stated that after reachin+ the spot initially he )ent to hospital. ;ro% the hospital he ca%e to !andit !ant $ar+ )here ar 2o. 3$1907 )as found lyin+ abandoned. 4hus )hether he briefed o%%issioner of !olice on the basis of his o)n obser(ation of the spot and that of the car or on the basis of en=uiries %ade by hi% fro% the persons +athered at the spot or fro% the in(esti+atin+ officers5 the fact re%ains that his co%%unication (erbal or )ritten are rele(ant and thus the accused persons )ere )ell )ithin their ri+hts to adduce e(idence to this effect. $oreo(er section 81 @(idence ,ct says that the court shall presu%e the +enuineness of e(ery docu%ent )hich purports to be a pri(ate act of !arlia%ent or all other docu%ents purportin+ to be a docu%ent directed by any la) to be -ept by any person5 if such docu%ent is -ept substantially in the for% re=uired by la) and is produced fro% proper custody. 4hou+h one %ay ar+ue that section 81 %ay not ha(e strai+ht application to the proceedin+s so produced by the accused persons after ha(in+ been obtained under .43 but once a+ain 3 %ay reiterate that )hile considerin+ the reliance and ad%issibility of these docu%ents the conduct of in(esti+atin+ a+ency and prosecutin+ a+ency has to be also -ept in %ind. 4he accused persons ha(e been re=uestin+ ri+ht throu+h the trial to su%%on the said )itnesses )ho )ere the authors of said co%%unication and to also produce the said docu%ents. /o)e(er State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 134 of 217 as is e(ident fro% the proceedin+s %entioned abo(e not only the in(esti+atin+ a+ency ensured that no such fact could co%e on record durin+ the course of in(esti+ation or to e(en eBplain the circu%stances in )hich the said co%%unications )ere %ade but e(en the prosecutin+ a+ency continued to oppose the su%%onin+ of said )itnesses or producin+ of the said docu%ents. 3n fact the prosecutin+ a+ency continued to chan+e its stand before different courts of la) in this re+ard. 0hile before /onHble /i+h ourt of 'elhi it )as stated by 8d. ,!! that the eBistence of these docu%ents is not disputed but before the trial court it )as ar+ued that these docu%ents cannot be read as they ha(e not been pro(ed in accordance )ith la). 3n these circu%stances one cannot be obli(ious of the situation of the accused persons. #n the one hand their re=uest to su%%on these )itnesses )as bein+ opposed by the &tate and on the other hand &tate )as not forth co%in+ in its proceedin+s and )as not ready to place on record all such co%%unication and to eBplain under )hat circu%stances the sa%e )ere %ade. 'espite specific =ueries by this court durin+ the course of final ar+u%ents no plausible eBplanation in this re+ard ca%e forth. 4hus the prosecution cannot be allo)ed to blo) both hot and cold at the sa%e ti%e i.e. to first )ithhold certain docu%ents fro% the court as they )ere not fa(ourable to its case or in other )ords )ere fa(ourable to accused persons and on the other hand to ar+ue that those docu%ents )hen sou+ht to be placed on record by the accused persons cannot be read into e(idence bein+ not pro(ed as per la). 3t is for this reason that at the be+innin+ of the *ud+%ent 3 stated that )hen either the prosecution chooses to )ithhold certain facts and circu%stances )hich %ay not fa(our its case or )hich %ay be fa(ourable to the accused State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 135 of 217 persons or the defence co%e up )ith false plea of defence that the duty of the ourt increases %anifold in carefully scrutiniAin+ the entire e(idence at the threshold of rule of la). 3n (ie) of %y aforesaid discussion 3 a% thus of the considered opinion that since these co%%unications )ere %ade by the senior officers of the police the%sel(es so the in(esti+atin+ a+ency cannot )ash a)ay its hand )ithout eBplainin+ anythin+ about these co%%unications. 4he said co%%unications are i%portant fro% another point of (ie) also beside the fact that the assailants )ere stated to be %as-ed. 3n both the co%%unications %ade by &h. &uresh .oy or the state%ents %ade by &h. 8. 7. ,d(ani there is no %ention of reco(ery of t)o %on-ey caps fro% car no. 3$19075 e(en thou+h all other articles (iA. re(ol(ers and cartrid+es so reco(ered finds %ention. 4his fact also thro) doubts as to the correctness of the in(esti+ation carried out in the present %atter or )hether the said %on-ey caps )ere subse=uently planted in the car. &h. &ureshy .oy si%ply stated that he for+ot to %ention about the %on-ey caps lyin+ in the car. 4his eBplanation does not re=uire any discussion to be brushed aside as the sa%e is per se not belie(able and %ore so -eepin+ in (ie) the sensiti(e nature of %atter it )as and the senior le(el of the officer %a-in+ the co%%unication. &ince these docu%ents )ere supplied to the accused persons in response to .43 application by the concerned depart%ents fro% the record bein+ %aintained in the nor%al course of their business so the copies of the docu%ents carryin+ sta%ps of the concerned officers can be safely treated as certified copies thereof and thus ad%issible in la). 3n fact State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 136 of 217 the authenticity or the correctness of the copies other)ise has also not been disputed by the prosecutin+ a+ency at any point of ti%e and &h. &uresh .oy has also ad%itted ha(in+ sent the said co%%unications. I% <#e1 o" +2 a"o)esa#- -#s'0ss#o% #! #s !(0s ')2s!a$ '$ea) !(a! !(e '$a#+ o" B)ose'0!#o% !(a! !(e !1o assa#$a%!s o) !(e -)#<e) o" Ca) No. CI?-0, 1e)e %o! 1ea)#%& +as;s a! !(e !#+e o" #%'#-e%! #s %o! 'o))e'!. I%"a'! #! #s %o! o%$2 !(a! !(e)e a)e -o0A!s aAo0! !(e 'o))e'!%ess o" !(#s '$a#+ o" B)ose'0!#o% A0! ")o+ !(e o<e)a$$ '#)'0+s!a%'es #! #s '$ea) Ae2o%- -o0A! !(a! !(e !1o assa#$a%!s a%- !(e -)#<e) o" Ca) No. CI?-0, 1e)e 1ea)#%& +as;s a! !(e !#+e o" #%'#-e%!. I%"a'! !(e -eBos#!#o% o" PW-.2 @a$# C(a)a%, PW-104 ?0%%# De<# o) PW-12 9#%o- 9#s(1a%a!( a$so s0BBo)!s !(e a"o)esa#- 'o%'$0s#o%. >I shall be disc*ssing the de)osition o these witnesses at a slightl% later stage while disc*ssing the case o )rosec*tion G*a acc*sed Sher Singh #ana.3 A&a#%s! a''0se- D(a% Pa);as( P)#o) a'>0a#%!a%'e 1#!( S(e) S#%&( Ra%a o) o!(e) a''0se- Be)so%s. 165. ,s re+ards the prior %eetin+ )ith accused &her &in+h .ana to discuss the details of the conspiracy or his prior ac=uaintance )ith accused &her &in+h .ana5 3 ha(e already discussed =ua the deposition of !0162 !an-a* 7alra that he did not support the case of the prosecution on this account and there is no other e(idence led on record by the prosecution to pro(e the fact of any such prior %eetin+. ;urther %ore his prior ac=uaintance )ith accused &her &in+h .ana can also not a%ount to State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 137 of 217 any incri%inatin+ circu%stance. 166. ,s re+ard his tra(ellin+ )ith accused &he-har &in+h and .a*bir &in+h in )hite $aruti ar fro% .oor-ee to 'elhi on the %ornin+ of 25.07.01 and bein+ in constant touch )ith accused &her &in+h .ana throu+h %obile phone has also been already discussed by %e )hile discussin+ the case =ua accused .a*bir &in+h. 4he said fact could not be pro(ed by the prosecution as the call details bein+ relied upon by the prosecution are clearly not ad%issible in e(idence in the absence of ertificate u/s 65 B 3ndian @(idence ,ct5 1872. 167. !01118 2aresh5 the o)ner of $ohan :ara+e has also not supported the case of prosecution as he stated that he did not see any of the occupants of such a ar ha(in+ co%e to his )or-shop to +et it repaired on the %ornin+ of 25.07.01. 168. ,part fro% the aforesaid circu%stances the prosecution has infact also failed to lin- the use of said )hite $aruti ar 2o. 6!114B175595 )ith the present conspiracy. 2&he disc*ssion in this regard made while considering the case o )rosec*tion G*a the case o acc*sed #a+bir ma% be reerred to3. P(o!o TIP A2 PW-,3, C!. Ba$e%-e) 169. ,s re+ard the fact that t. Balender had seen hi% )hen he fired to)ards hi%5 the said clai% of t. Balender is certainly not correct in (ie) of the conclusion dra)n by %e earlier that the assailants )ere )earin+ %as- at the ti%e of incident. 3t )as thus also not possible for t. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 138 of 217 Balender to identify the said assailant fro% his photo+raph subse=uently if5 at the ti%e of incident the assailants had co(ered their face )ith %as-. P(o!o TIP A2 PW-114 Ba(a-0) S(a(. 170. 0ith re+ard to identification of 'han !ar-ash by Bahadur &hah the 4&. dri(er5 deposition of !0 1145 Bahadur &hah is (ery i%portant be be seen. 171. /e stated that on that day after droppin+ a passen+er at onnau+ht !lace he )as +oin+ to)ards :ole 'a- 7hana loo-in+ for so%e passen+er and thereafter )hen he )as %o(in+ on !andit !ant $ar+ to)ards entral &ecretariat then at about 1.30 !$ one passen+er si+naled hi% to stop. /e further stated that the said passen+er told hi% that he intends to +o to 2ehru !lace but )hen he )as still tal-in+ to the said passen+er then suddenly three boys ca%e runnin+ fro% behind and boarded his 4&.. /e as-ed the% as to )here they ha(e to +o and as they )ere in a hurry so they si%ply as-ed hi% to *ust dri(e the 4&. and they e(en patted on his nec- by their hand and as-ed hi% to dri(e fast. /e further stated that )hen he )as dri(in+ to)ards 7rishi Bha)an (ia !arlia%ent /ouse as told by the boys then at 7rishi Bha)an one of the% ali+hted as soon as his 4&. slo)ed do)n due to traffic on the round about. ;ro% 7rishi Bha)an he started %o(in+ to)ards ,sho-a .oad and fro% ,sho-a .oad he )ent to)ards 3ndia :ate and then to)ards 4ila- $ar+. /o)e(er )hen he reached near red li+ht Bha+)an 'ass road then the other t)o boys also ali+hted fro% the 4&. and boarded a bus )ithout payin+ fare to hi%. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 139 of 217 172. 3n his deposition in the ourt he thou+h initially stated that )hen police subse=uently sho)ed hi% so%e photo+raphs then he failed to identify any of the% fro% the photo+raphs but )as thereafter cross1 eBa%ined by 8d. &pecial !! at len+th. 3n his cross1eBa%ination he ho)e(er turned around and stated that he had identified those boys fro% the photo+raphs before the police and put his thu%b i%pression upon the re(erse of the said photo+raphs. 173. ;ro% the aforesaid proceedin+s )herein he alle+edly identified the said boys fro% the photo+raphs5 an i%portant =uestion )hich arises for consideration is )hether this )itness )as at all in a position to ha(e seen those boys properly at so%e point of ti%e so as to later on identify the% fro% their photo+raphs. 174. , careful perusal of his deposition sho)s that there )as no occasion for hi% to see the said three persons properly. /e stated that )hen he )as tal-in+ to a passen+er then the said three persons boarded his 4&. fro% behind and as-ed hi% to %o(e fast. /e further stated that they patted his nec- )ith their hand as-in+ hi% to %o(e fast. 4hus at that ti%e Bahadur &hah %ust be sittin+ on the dri(er seat and %ust be loo-in+ to)ards front direction )hile the said three boys )ere sittin+ on the rear seat. ,t near 7rishi Bha)an one of the said boys +ot do)n fro% the 4&. )hile the 4&. )as still %o(in+ and thereafter at near Bha+)an 'ass .oad the t)o other boys also +ot do)n and boarded a bus )ithout payin+ fare to hi%. 175. 3t is thus hi+hly i%probable that Bahadur &hah could ha(e State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 140 of 217 seen any of the said three boys properly )ho sat in his 4&. fro% behind and +ot do)n on the )ay. 4hus irrespecti(e of the proceedin+s that too- place subse=uently at the police station re+ardin+ photo 43! )herein he )as sho)n so%e photo+raphs by the police to identify the said three boys )ho sat in his 4&.5 it is crystal clear that identification by hi% is not free fro% doubts and doubts )hich are beyond reasonable doubts. 176. ,t this sta+e 3 )ould also li-e to %ention the proceedin+s in )hich the police clai%ed to ha(e located the 4&. dri(er Bahadur &hah on the %ornin+ of 26.07.01 itself. !01168 &3 $ano* 7u%ar )ho )as told to locate 4&. 2o. '8 1 .; 0235 on the %ornin+ of 26.07.2001 at 9 ,$ clai%ed to ha(e traced the said 4&. on 26.07.2001 itself fro% a 4&. stand )hich happened to be *ust 1 T 1 2 7$ a)ay fro% his office i.e. office of ri%e Branch at .. 7. !ura%. 177. 3t )ill be )orth)hile to reproduce the rele(ant portion of the deposition of this )itness in this re+ard. C#n 25.07.2001 3 ca%e bac- fro% <alandhar5 !un*ab to 'elhi fro% the in(esti+ation of one case o(er there. #n that day 3 reported to %y office ..7. !ura% at about 10 !$ re+ardin+ co%in+ bac- to 'elhi fro% <alandhar !un*ab. 3 %et to &h. /.!.&. hee%a5 ,! in the office of ..7. !ura% and then he disclosed us that &%t. &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as %urdered and the in(esti+ation )as entrusted to 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi- by hi% and 3 )as directed to reach office neBt day early in the %ornin+. &o 3 left for %y house fro% the office. #n 26.07.2001 3 reached %y office at about 9 ,$ and %et 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi- and he briefed %e re+ardin+ the %urder of &%t. &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi- also told %e that he ca%e to -no) fro% one 9inod 7u%ar State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 141 of 217 that after co%%ittin+ the %urder of &%t. &%t. !hoolan 'e(i the assailants had run a)ay in one 4&. of 2: bearin+ its re+istration 2o. '811.;10235. 3 )as directed by the 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi- to search the o)ner and dri(er of the said 4&. and produced the% in the office before hi%. 3 search the o)ner of said 4&. fro% 4raffic control .oo% fro% )here 3 ca%e to -no) the o)ner na%e as Bhi% :hosh5 ./o 4855 3ndira olony5 9i*ay :hat5 2e) 'elhi so 3 )ent there and the o)ner Bhi% :hosh %et %e at the said address. Bhi% :hosh told %e that his 4&. is of patrol not of 2: and he has already +i(en the said 4&. on rent to so%e one. 3 )ent to Burari transport authority because it has co%e to %y -no)led+e that 2: scooter used to be re+istered there at 9i*ay :hat itself so 3 )ent there. ;ro% the office of the Burari on %a-in+ en=uiry 3 ca%e to -no) that the 4&. of 2: re+istered as '811.;10235 )as re+istered there in the na%e of .a%esh)ar &har%a >!028?5 ./o 18/127,5 8a)rance .oad5 2e) 'elhi. 4hereafter 3 )ent to the house of .a%esh)ar &har%a at 8a)rance .oad. .a%esh)ar %et %e there and he infor%ed %e that the said scooter )as financed by hi% and the per%it of said 4&. is in the na%e of .a% $ahade( Dada( >!0 27?5 ./o $andir 0ali :ali5 &hadi !ur5 7anpur5 2e) 'elhi. .a%esh)ar &har%a also told %e that the said scooter )as +i(en by .a% $ahade( Dada( on rent to one Bahadur &hah >!0 114?5 r/o @1385 'hapo olony5 ..7. !ura%5 &ector 25 2e) 'elhi. 4hereafter )e )ent to 'hapo olony5 ..7. !ura%5 )here Bahadur &hah %et %e near his *u++i. ,+ain said 3 ca%e to -no) that he *ust has +one to 4&. stand of sector 2 )ith his 4&. so )e )ent there. 4hereafter Bahadur &hah alon+)ith his said 4&. produced before 3nsp. &uresh 7aushi- on the sa%e day i.e. 26.07.2001 in our office of ..7. !ura%5 2e) 'elhi.F 178. 3n his cross1eBa%ination this )itness ho)e(er stated that to none of the persons fro% )ho% he collected infor%ation about the o)ner/dri(er of 4&. in =uestion includin+ at the office of 4ransport ,uthority at Burari he ser(ed any notice see-in+ such infor%ation in )ritin+. ,part fro% such perfunctory nature of in(esti+ation he stated that State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 142 of 217 he left the office on the %ornin+ of 26.07.2001 )ithin half an hour of reachin+ the office. 4hus he %ust ha(e left the office by 9"30 ,$ as he stated that on the %ornin+ of 26.07.2001 he reached the office at 9 ,$. /e further stated that before bein+ able to locate Bahadur &hah at .. 7. !ura% 4&. stand he tra(elled fro% .. 7.!ura% to 4een $urti5 4raffic #ffice5 hana-yapuri and fro% there to 3ndira olony )hich )as about 151 20 -% a)ay to %eet one Bhi% :hosh. 4herafter he )ent to Burari 4ransport ,uthority )hich )as a+ain about 10115 -% a)ay and fro% there he )ent to 8a)rance .oad )hich too- about 15 to 20 %inutes on his bullet $otorcycle. ;ro% there after %a-in+ en=uiries fro% .a%esh)ar &har%a he )ent to %eet .a% $ahade( Dada( )hose house )as situated about 20122 -% fro% 8a)rance .oad. 4hereafter he )ent to the house of Bahadur &hah and then to the 4&. stand )here he found Bahadur &hah )ith his 4&. no. '811.;10235. 179. 4his clai% of !0 168 &h. $ano* 7u%ar )hen seen and analysed (is1a1(is the deposition of !0 114 Bahadur &hah clearly sho)s that either of the t)o is not a truthful )itness. 180. !0 114 Bahadur &hah in his cross1eBa%ination stated that )hen he reached the 4&. stand .. 7. !ura% on the %ornin+ of 26.07.2001 at about 9 or 10 ,$ then &3 $ano* 7u%ar of sector 45 .. 7. !ura% ca%e and %et hi%. 181. 4hus if the deposition of &3 $ano* 7u%ar re+ardin+ the %anner in )hich he disco(ered and %et Bahadur &hah after %a-in+ eBtensi(e en=uiries fro% different persons is belie(ed then he could not State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 143 of 217 ha(e reached ,uto &tand .. 7. !ura% before 213 !$ on 26.07.2001. /e thus could not ha(e %et Bahadur &hah on the %ornin+ of 26.07.2001 at the 4&. stand5 .. 7. !ura% at about 9/10 ,$. ,lternati(ely !0 114 Bahadur &hah is not a truthful )itness in this re+ard. 182. 3nfact Bahadur &hah )as also not ha(in+ any bad+e )hich is allotted to a 4&. dri(er and the 4&. in =uestion also did not belon+ to hi%. 4here )as thus nothin+ on record to sho) that he )as actually a 4&. dri(er %uch less that of 4&. no. '811.;10235 at the ti%e )hen the three assailants alle+edly boarded the said 4&.. 183. #nce a+ain5 the fact that Bahadur &hah5 the dri(er of the 4&. in )hich the assailants fled a)ay soon after the incident happened to be residin+ near the office of ri%e Branch at .. 7. !ura% only appears to be %ore then a co1incidence in the o(erall facts and circu%stances of the case and in (ie) of the apparent conflictin+ nature of their deposition as discussed abo(e. 184. 4hus in (ie) of the aforesaid facts and circu%stances not %uch reliance can be placed upon identification of accused 'han !ar-ash or for that %atter of any of the other accused persons by !0 114 Bahadur &hah. D#s'$os0)e s!a!e+e%! A2 a''0se- D(a% Pa);as( 185. learly any disclosure state%ent %ade by an accused )hile bein+ in the custody of police is inad%issible in e(idence bein+ hit by &. 25 @(idence ,ct unless any fact or thin+ is disco(ered pursuant to the said State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 144 of 217 disclosure state%ent. ,+ain this is not the prosecution case that anythin+ )as reco(ered or disco(ered pursuant to the disclosure state%ent of accused 'han !ar-ash. 4he disclosure state%ent is accordin+ly inad%issible in e(idence. C(a%'e "#%&e) B)#%!s )e'o<e)e- ")o+ )e<o$<e) $aAe$$e- F?ADE IN INLENDG. 186. ,part fro% the aforesaid circu%stances the only piece of incri%inatin+ e(idence )hich e%er+es out fro% the prosecution case a+ainst accused 'han !ar-ash is his three fin+er print i%pressions upon one of the )eapon of offence i.e. on one re(ol(er out of the t)o reco(ered fro% the rear seat of car no. 3$1907. 187. #rdinarily such fact )ould ha(e a%ounted to a clinchin+ piece of e(idence in fa(our of the prosecution to pro(e the +uilt of the accused or to shift the burden upon the accused to eBplain under )hat circu%stances his fin+er i%pressions ca%e to be found on one of the t)o )eapon of offence. ertainly accused 'han !ar-ash ou+ht to ha(e eBplained u/s 106 @(idence ,ct about this aspect but in %y considered opinion any failure on his part to eBplain the sa%e cannot %a-e this circu%stance to be sufficient in itself to conclude that he )as one of the t)o assailants )ho fired at t. Balender. 188. ,part fro% the doubtful nature of in(esti+ation as has been discussed by %e at different sta+es of %y present *ud+%ent =ua (arious circu%stances the testi%ony of !0 129 9inod 9ish)anathan +ains %aterial i%portance in this re+ard. 4his )itness has been eBa%ined by the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 145 of 217 prosecution as a chance )itness of the scene of occurrence. /e alle+edly chased the %aruti car in )hich the three assailants fled a)ay fro% the spot and had e(en seen the% lea(in+ their car at !andit !ant $ar+ and boardin+ a 4&.. /e thereafter )ent and infor%ed ,&3 &ri 7rishan of 4raffic !olice and ,&3 &atish <oshi of !& $andir $ar+ )ho )ere present near :ole 'a- 7hana about the incident and the assailants ha(in+ left car no. 3$1907 at !andit !ant $ar+. /e further stated that )hen the t)o police officials reached near the car then one of the% upon chec-in+ the car and on seein+ a re(ol(er lyin+ there5 pic-ed it up but on the as-in+ of the other police official -ept it bac-. ,&3 &ri 7rishan ho)e(er (ehe%ently denied this fact in his deposition and rather stated that till the ti%e ;&8 eBperts ca%e no one pic-ed up the said re(ol(er lyin+ on the seat. 4his fact a+ain create doubts as re+ard the clai% of prosecution that till the ti%e ;&8 eBperts eBa%ined the re(ol(ers no one had touched the%. $oreo(er as earlier discussed the ite%s )hich )ere reco(ered fro% the car as )ere %entioned in the )ritten co%%unications %ade by &h. &uresh .oy did not contain any reference of t)o %on-ey caps )hich as per the char+e1sheet )ere also lyin+ alon+)ith the re(ol(ers. 189. 6ndoubtedly5 the %ere non1%entionin+ of the t)o %on-ey caps cannot lead to a conclusion )hereby to doubt e(en the reco(ery of t)o re(ol(ers fro% the car but it does +oes to sho) that the in(esti+ation as has been no) presented in the char+e sheet )as in fact not carried out in the %anner as is bein+ pro*ected to ha(e been carried out. 190. 3n (ie) of %y aforesaid discussion the non1furnishin+ of any eBplanation by accused 'han !ar-ash u/s 106 @(idence ,ct as to under State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 146 of 217 )hat circu%stances his chance prints ca%e to be there on one of the t)o )eapons of offence ceases to ha(e any rele(ance. 4he solitary circu%stance e(en if presu%ed to be pro(ed by the prosecution for the sa-e of ar+u%ents cannot e(en other)ise for% a chain of circu%stantial e(idence in itself in the absence of any other lin- to the said chain of circu%stance to lead to the only hypothesis (iA. that of +uilt of accused 'han !ar-ash. 3n other )ords the solitary circu%stance (iA. that fin+er prints of accused 'han !ar-ash )ere found on one of the t)o )eapons of offence cannot in itself pro(e the case of prosecution a+ainst hi% beyond shado)s of all reasonable doubts )hen especially his (ery identification by the )itnesses is shrouded )ith doubts and there is no other incri%inatin+ circu%stance ha(in+ been pro(ed a+ainst hi% by the prosecution. 2In these circ*mstances I am not entering into an% anal%sis o the )lea o deence o acc*sed Dhan Parkash that ater his arrest his inger )rint im)ressions were )lanted on the revolver.3 191. 4here is yet one other uneBplained circu%stance in the prosecution case. ,d%ittedly at the as-in+ of ;&8 eBperts $al(iya 2a+ar5 ar 2o. 3$1907 )as dri(en by &3 &an*ee( $andal fro% the spot to the office of '! 2e) 'elhi. /o)e(er the in(esti+ation is silent as to )hether the -eys of the ar )ere in the ar itself or not or as to ho) &3 &an*ee( $andal dro(e the ar. 4here is no %ention of seiAure of any such -eys of the ar. 4his fact also raises doubts about the (eracity of the contents of the seiAure %e%o prepared as re+ard the articles reco(ered fro% the ar. I% <#e1 o" +2 a"o)esa#- -#s'0ss#o%, I a+ !(0s o" !(e 'o%s#-e)e- oB#%#o% !(a! !(e B)ose'0!#o% (as +#se)aA$2 "a#$e- #% State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 147 of 217 B)o<#%& #!s 'ase a&a#%s! a''0se- D(a% Pa);as( a$so !(a! (e 1as Ba)! o" a%2 s0'( 'o%sB#)a'2 o) !(a! (e 1as o%e o" !(e !1o assa#$a%!s 1(o "#)e- a! S+!. P(oo$a% De<# o) a! C!. Ba$e%-e). I! !(0s a$so -oes %o! s!a%- B)o<e- !(a! (e 1as e<e) #% Bossess#o% o" a%2 a)+ o) a++0%#!#o% +0'( $ess 0%$#'e%se- a)+. T(e '(a)&e o" 0se o" a%2 s0'( a)+ a$so !(0s -oes %o! (o$- &)o0%-. Case o" B)ose'0!#o% a&a#%s! a''0se- S(e;(a) A'>0a#%!a%'e 1#!( S(e) S#%&( Ra%a o) o!(e) a''0se- Be)so%s. 192. ,s already discussed =ua the deposition of !0162 !an-a* 7alra throu+h )ho% prosecution sou+ht to pro(e the factu% of a %eetin+ ha(in+ ta-en place at the house of accused &her &in+h .ana5 he turned hostile and did not support the case of the prosecution on this score. ,ccordin+ly this circu%stance does not stand pro(ed. &i%ilarly ac=uaintance of accused &he-har )ith accused &her &in+h .ana fro% prior to the incident e(en if presu%ed to be there does not a%ount to any incri%inatin+ circu%stance. 193. ,s re+ard his tra(el fro% .oor-ee to 'elhi alon+)ith accused 'han !ar-ash and .a*bir in )hite $aruti car no. 6!114B17559 the sa%e also does not stand pro(ed. ,s already %entioned )hile discussin+ the case of prosecution =ua accused .a*bir and 'han !ar-ash the prosecution has clearly failed in establishin+ that accused &he-har tra(elled in the said $aruti car to 'elhi fro% .oor-ee %uch less )ith accused .a*bir or 'han !ar-ash. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 148 of 217 194. 4he factu% of his bein+ in touch )ith &her &in+h .ana throu+h %obile phone a(ailable )ith .a*bir &in+h also does not stand pro(ed since the call records or cell 3' chart has already been held to be inad%issible in e(idence in the absence of certificate u/s 651B @(idence ,ct. 195. !01118 2aresh5 the o)ner of C$ohan $otorsF has also not supported the case of prosecution as he stated that he did not see any of the occupants of such a ar ha(in+ co%e to his )or-shop to +et it repaired on the %ornin+ of 25.07.01. I-e%!#"#'a!#o% o" PW-,3, C!. Ba$e%-e). 196. ,s re+ards the actual incident of firin+ on &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender5 3 ha(e already obser(ed that the prosecution story that the three occupants of the ar no. 3$1907 )ere not )earin+ any %as- at the ti%e of incident is hi+hly doubtful and rather it e%er+es fro% the o(erall facts and circu%stances that they )ere in fact )earin+ %as-. 3n these circu%stances his identification by t. Balender see%s to be hi+hly doubtful and cannot be relied upon. 197. 3nfact the clai% of t. Balender that he had seen accused &he-har &in+h standin+ outside ar 2o. 3$1907 )hen he alon+)ith &%t. !hoolan 'e(i returned fro% !arlia%ent also appears to be hi+hly doubtful. 198. ;irstly no person )ho has co%e )ith such a sinister desi+n )ill stand in this %anner outside the ar so that public %ay see and identify hi% at a later sta+e. &econdly if the deposition of t. Balender is State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 149 of 217 seen closely than his deposition in this re+ard clearly appears to be false. 199. ,s per the prosecution case &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender )ere shot soon after they ali+hted fro% the ar of another $e%ber of !arlia%ent. /e further stated that )hen they )ere in the process of enterin+ inside their house after openin+ the %ain door then the shootin+ incident too- place. 4hus the entire incident %ust ha(e ta-en only fe) %inutes and thus it is hi+hly i%probable that accused &her &in+h .ana )ho )as to dri(e ar no. 3$1907 so as to facilitate the escape of the other t)o co1accused persons )ill continue to stand outside the ar. @(en if it is presu%ed for the sa-e of ar+u%ents that accused &he-har &in+h )as initially standin+ outside the ar then also the li-ely conduct of such an accused cannot be o(erloo-ed in the o(erall facts and circu%stances of the case. , person )ho has co%e )ith t)o other co1accused persons to carry out such a %urderous attac- )ill i%%ediately +et inside the ar as soon as their tar+et i.e. &%t. !hoolan 'e(i arri(es at the scene. 4hus considerin+ all these circu%stances the deposition of t. Balender that he had seen accused &he-har &in+h standin+ outside the ar does not appears to be correct. onse=uently identification of accused &he-har &in+h e(en fro% his photo+raph appears to be hi+hly doubtful. 200. $oreo(er since the three occupants of the ar )ere )earin+ %as- at the ti%e of incident so the prosecution in %y considered opinion has also clearly failed to pro(e the identity of accused &he-har &in+h as bein+ one of the three occupants of ar 2o. 3$1907 at the ti%e of incident. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 150 of 217 I-e%!#"#'a!#o% A2 PW-114, Ba(a-0) S(a(. 201. &i%ilarly as re+ards his identification by 4&. dri(er Bahadur &hah5 the sa%e has also been already discussed by %e in the discussion pertainin+ to accused 'han !ar-ash that his deposition also does not inspire confidence and accordin+ly identification by hi% fro% photo+raphs appears to be hi+hly doubtful. AAs'o%-a%'e o" a''0se- S(e;(a) S#%&( 202. 4he fact that accused &he-har &in+h )as found to be abscondin+ alon+)ith other co1accused persons na%ely5 &her &in+h .ana5 .a*bir &in+h and .a*ender has also been discussed by %e earlier )hile discussin+ the si%ilar issue =ua the case of accused .a*ender and .a*bir &in+h and for the sa%e reasons the %ere fact of his abscondin+ e(en if presu%ed to be true does not a%ount to any incri%inatin+ circu%stance. &i%ilarly his subse=uent arrest by &aharanpur police and reco(ery of )hite $aruti ar at his instance or that of accused .a*bir and .a*ender is also of no conse=uence as the prosecution has failed to pro(e that the said %aruti car )as in any %anner used in the present conspiracy. 2M% earlier disc*ssion in this regard made while disc*ssing the case o )rosec*tion G*a acc*sed #a+bir ma% be reerred to3 D#s'$os0)e s!a!e+e%! A2 a''0se- S(e;(a) S#%&(. 203. 4he alle+ed disclosure state%ent %ade by accused &he-har is also clearly inad%issible in e(idence bein+ hit by section 25 @(idence ,ct5 for neither any fact nor any thin+ )as reco(ered in conse=uent State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 151 of 217 thereto. P)o'0)e+e%! o" +oA#$e B(o%e No. 5113,4507 a%- 5113,4510. 204. #nce a+ain there is no le+ally ad%issible e(idence on record to pro(e that the said t)o phone nu%bers )ere procured by accused &he-har &in+h for bein+ used in the present conspiracy %uch less the use of the said %obile phones ha(in+ been pro(ed in the present conspiracy. 4hus it does not stand pro(ed that &he-har &in+h procured the t)o %obile phone nu%bers i.e. 9811374806 and 9811374810 for bein+ used in the present conspiracy. C(a%'e "#%&e) B)#%!s )e'o<e)e- ")o+ Ca) No. CI?-0,. 205. 4hou+h the in(esti+atin+ a+ency clai%s to ha(e lifted siB chance fin+er print i%pressions fro% ar 2o. 3$1907. /o)e(er report @B. !0 148/16, of &3 ,(desh 7u%ar5 the fin+er print eBpert is silent as to )hether the said siB chance prints lifted fro% ar 2o. 3$1907 tallied )ith the speci%en fin+er prints of any of the accused %uch less )ith that of accused &he-har &in+h. 206. 4hou+h 8d. ounsel for accused &he-har &in+h ar+ued that the police has infact planted the fin+er i%pressions of accused &he-har &in+h subse=uent to his arrest and in (ie) of the nature of in(esti+ation )hich is shrouded )ith doubts no reliance be placed on this circu%stance. 207. 3 %ay ho)e(er state that e(en if it is presu%ed for the sa-e of ar+u%ents that the fin+er prints of accused &he-har )ere found on ar no. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 152 of 217 3$1907 then also in the absence of any other incri%inatin+ circu%stance5 the sa%e can not for% such a chain of circu%stance )hich could conclusi(ely lin- accused &he-har &in+h )ith the offence in =uestion and especially in (ie) of perfunctory nature of in(esti+ation carried out )ith respect to ar 2o. 3$1907 as has been discussed at len+th )hile discussin+ the case of prosecution =ua accused 'han !ar-ash. 208. 4hus in (ie) of %y aforesaid discussion5 3 a% of the considered opinion that the prosecution has %iserably failed to pro(e any other incri%inatin+ circu%stance a+ainst accused &he-har &in+h so as to for% a chain of circu%stance )hich could lead to a hypothesis only consistent )ith the +uilt of accused. T(e B)ose'0!#o% (as !(0s '$ea)$2 "a#$e- #% B)o<#%& !(a! a''0se- S(e;(a) S#%&( 1as #% a%2 +a%%e) #%<o$<e- #% !(e 'o%sB#)a'2 #% >0es!#o% o) !(a! (e 1as !(e -)#<e) o" Ca) No. CI?-0, a! !(e !#+e o" #%'#-e%! 1(e% !(e !1o assa#$a%!s "$e- #% !(e sa#- Ca) ")o+ !(e sBo!. Case a&a#%s! a''0se- S(a)1a% @0+a) 209. 4he char+es fra%ed a+ainst accused &har)an 7u%ar are ho)e(er t)o fold (iA. 4hat of per*ury and falsification of docu%ents of ourts at /arid)ar and that of /arid)ar <ail by puttin+ his thu%b i%pression and si+natures i%personatin+ hi%self as &her &in+h .ana and in the process cheatin+ the court as )ell as *ail authorities at /arid)ar by )ay of i%personation. 4he char+es ha(e also been fra%ed a+ainst hi% that he )as a part of the cri%inal conspiracy hatched by accused &her State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 153 of 217 &in+h .ana to co%%it the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 210. /o)e(er an i%portant aspect of the %atter )hich in %y considered opinion has not been pro(ed by the prosecution a+ainst accused &har)an is his -no)led+e of any such conspiracy or ob*ecti(e sou+ht to be achie(ed by any such conspiracy %uch less he bein+ a part of any such cri%inal conspiracy. P)#o) a'>0a#%!a%'e 1#!( S(e) S#%&( Ra%a. 211. ,s re+ard the fact that accused &har)an 7u%ar )as )or-in+ at the li=uor (end of accused &her &in+h .ana the sa%e is sou+ht to be pro(ed by the prosecution fro% the deposition of !0162 !an-a* 7alra and !01130 #% !al )ho )as runnin+ a hard)are shop near the li=uor (end of accused &her &in+h .ana. /o)e(er )hile !0162 !an-a* 7alra as already discussed clai%ed i+norance in this re+ard but e(en !01130 #% !al also failed to identify accused &har)an as one of the person )or-in+ at the said li=uor (end. /o)e(er !0141 ,.7. &har%a5 'y. @Bcise o%%issioner 'ehradun and !0199 &an*ay 7u%ar5 @Bcise 3nspector .oor-ee produced record pertainin+ to allott%ent of said li=uour (end to !0162 !an-a* 7alra and also as to )ho all )ere )or-in+ there. 4hus e(en if it is presu%ed that accused &har)an 7u%ar )as )or-in+ at the said li=uour (end than also this aspect of prior ac=uaintance can not a%ount to an incri%inatin+ circu%stance in itself. 212. ,s re+ards accused &har(an 7u%ar bein+ a part of the conspiracy in =uestion5 the prosecution has sou+ht to pro(e it by statin+ that he participated in a %eetin+ held at the house of &her &in+h .ana State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 154 of 217 prior to the incident )here the details of the conspiracy )ere discussed. /o)e(er as earlier also %entioned !0162 !an-a* 7alra did not support the case of prosecution as re+ard any such %eetin+ ha(in+ held at the house of accused &her &in+h .ana. 4hus the =uestion of accused &har(an 7u%ar ha(in+ participated in any such %eetin+ does not stand pro(ed. 213. 3n these circu%stances 3 %ay once a+ain state that the %ere prior ac=uaintance of accused &har)an 7u%ar )ith accused &her &in+h .ana e(en if it is presu%ed to be eBistin+ for the sa-e of ar+u%ents does not a%ount to any incri%inatin+ circu%stance. I+Be)so%a!#o% A2 S(a)1a% @0+a). 214. 4he i%portant =uestion )hich ho)e(er arises is if accused &har)an 7u%ar )as not a part to the conspiracy in =uestion so hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana then )hy he chose to +o inside the *ail i%personatin+ hi%self as &her &in+h .ana on 18.07.2001 and ca%e out of the *ail on 26.07.2001 only. 2o doubt this fact stands pro(ed fro% the deposition of the ,hl%ad of the court of 8d. ,<$ and also by )ay of deposition of !0 83 &3 /oshiar &in+h and !0185 :an+a .a% !ra*apati. 4he report of hand)ritin+ eBpert and fin+er print eBpert )ho co%pared the court record and *ail record )ith the hand)ritin+ and fin+er prints of accused &har)an and &her &in+h .ana also lend support to this conclusion. 2othin+ %aterial could be e(en elicited in the cross1 eBa%ination of any of the aforesaid )itnesses )hich could belie their clai%. 4hus it stands pro(ed by co+ent con(incin+ and reliable e(idence State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 155 of 217 that accused &har)an indeed )ent inside the *ail in an @Bcise ,ct case )hich )as already pendin+ in the ourt at /arid)ar a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana by i%personatin+ hi%self as &her &in+h .ana. 215. /o)e(er in order to better appreciate the case of prosecution =ua accused &har)an 7u%ar5 the plea of defence ta-en by accused &her &in+h .ana in this re+ard needs to be seen. /e has stated that his father &urender &in+h .ana )anted to dispose of the property )hose docu%ents )ere furnished by hi% in the said @Bcise case in the year 1996 as docu%ents of surety )hile +ettin+ hi% initially released on bail. /e e(en eBa%ined '013 &h. /aAi $ehboob a property dealer fro% .oor-ee in this re+ard )ho stated that &urinder &in+h .ana once approached hi% in order to sell one of his properties but after seein+ the docu%ents of the property in =uestion he told &urinder &in+h .ana that as the docu%ents of the property )ere carryin+ an endorse%ent fro% the court so no sale transaction can be carried out unless the said endorse%ent is +ot cancelled. /e further stated that later on he %et accused &her &in+h .ana and his %other and they both told hi% that they do not intend to sell the said property. /o)e(er he further stated that after so%e ti%e &urender &in+h .ana produced the said papers of the property )ith the endorse%ent in =uestion cancelled and accordin+ly he +ot the said property sold out. 216. ertainly the )itness of defence is entitled to sa%e )ei+ht as that of prosecution )itnesses but still )ithout placin+ %uch reliance upon State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 156 of 217 the aforesaid plea of defence it )ill be )orth)hile to %ention and as earlier also discussed that one of the initial sureties of accused &her &in+h .ana in the year 1996 )hen the case )as initially re+istered )as his father &urender &in+h .ana. ,d%ittedly as per the deposition of !0 138 .a%esh hand ,++ar)al5 the ,d(ocate to )ho%5 &urender &in+h .ana approached for +ettin+ his surety )ithdra)n5 that &urender &in+h .ana bein+ a surety )as under a duty to produce the accused )hile see-in+ his )ithdra)al. /e further stated that at that ti%e one person )as produced as &her &in+h .ana by &urinder &in+h .ana. 3t is thus clear that the person so produced by &urinder &in+h .ana as his son &her &in+h .ana %ust be none else but accused &har)an 7u%ar. 217. 4hus it is crystal clear that if accused &har)an )as %ade to +o to *ail i%personatin+ as &her &in+h .ana in furtherance of the present cri%inal conspiracy then his production in the court by &urender &in+h .ana %ust also be in furtherance of the said cri%inal conspiracy bein+ hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana. 4hus if both &urinder &in+h .ana and &har)an 7u%ar )ere part of the said conspiracy or e(en a)are of the ob*ecti(e sou+ht to be achie(ed by the said conspiracy than as earlier also discussed the role of in(esti+atin+ a+ency has not been free fro% doubts )hen it )as stated in the char+e1sheet that &urinder &in+h .ana )as not char+e1sheeted for )ant of sufficient e(idence. ertainly the in(esti+atin+ a+ency is not forth co%in+ as to )hat other nature of e(idence they )ere loo-in+ for before char+e sheetin+ &urender &in+h .ana as one of the co1 conspirator. 4his fact is eBplainable only in one circu%stance that either accused &her &in+h .ana )as not a)are that accused &har)an is bein+ produced in the court i%personatin+ as &her &in+h .ana by his father or State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 157 of 217 &har)an )as not a)are that he )as bein+ produced in pursuance to any such conspiracy. #nce a+ain in the o(erall facts and circu%stances it does not stand co+ently pro(ed that &har)an )as either a)are of any such cri%inal conspiracy bein+ hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana or )as e(en a)are of the ob*ecti(e )hich )as sou+ht to be achie(ed by (irtue of the said cri%inal conspiracy %uch less he )as a part of the said cri%inal conspiracy. 218. 3n the aforesaid circu%stances the offence of cheatin+ by i%personation or that of per*ury or of falsification of docu%ents of the court record or the *ail records )hich stood co%%itted either before the courts at /arid)ar or in the 'istrict *ail5 /arid)ar ha(in+ been not co%%itted in pursuance to the cri%inal conspiracy in =uestion o(er here cannot be tried by the courts at 'elhi. @(en other)ise in the absence of the %andatory co%plaint u/s 195 r.!.. fro% the concerned court or the *ail authorities the (ery co+niAance of the offence of per*ury by this ourt )as bad in la). 3 a% not enterin+ into a detailed discussion as re+ards the e(idence led by prosecution =ua the said offences5 lest it %ay pre*udice either the &tate or accused at a later sta+e if accused &har)an 7u%ar is prosecuted before the courts at /arid)ar. 219. ,s a %ar- of caution 3 %ay also %ention that 3 a% not dra)in+ any conclusion a+ainst prosecution or in fa(our of accused &har)an 7u%ar si%ply because &urinder &in+h .ana has not been arrested in the present case. 4his fact is bein+ %entioned only to hi+hli+ht and dra) the conclusion that &har)an 7u%ar did not +o inside the *ail in pursuance to the present conspiracy. 3n other )ords it can be safely concluded that the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 158 of 217 circu%stances )hich ha(e been placed and pro(ed on record by the prosecution a+ainst accused &har)an 7u%ar are not consistent or eBplainable only on one sin+le hypothesis of +uilt of accused or in other )ords are not inconsistent )ith the innocence of accused =ua the cri%inal conspiracy in =uestion o(er here. 220. 3n (ie) of %y aforesaid discussion the prosecution has thus clearly failed to pro(e its case a+ainst accused &har)an that either he )as a part of the cri%inal conspiracy so hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana or that he )as e(en a)are of the ob*ecti(e sou+ht to be achie(ed by the said cri%inal conspiracy. T(e B)ose'0!#o% (as !(0s "a#$e- !o B)o<e #!s 'ase a&a#%s! a''0se- S(a)1a% @0+a). A&a#%s! a''0se- S(e) S#%&( Ra%a 221. ,ccused &her &in+h .ana has been pro*ected as the %ain conspirator )ho o(er a period of fe) years prior to the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as in the process of hatchin+ the i%pu+ned conspiracy and it )as pri%arily hi% )ho had roped in all the other co1accused persons. 3 shall be no) discussin+ the e(idence led by the prosecution (is1a1(is the circu%stances as earlier %entioned (ide )hich the prosecution see-s to pro(e its case a+ainst hi%. ?o!#<e 222. 4he pri%e %oti(e on account of )hich accused &her &in+h State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 159 of 217 .ana alle+edly hatched the present conspiracy is stated to be the fact that he belon+ed to C4ha-urF co%%unity and )as enra+ed )ith &%t. !hoolan 'e(i on account of the brutal %asscare of about 22 4ha-urs in the fa%ous CBeh%ai -illin+sF. /e not only )anted to a(en+e the said -illin+ of 4ha-urs by &%t. !hoolan 'e(i but bein+ an a%bitious person ri+ht fro% his school days also )anted to earn %oney and fa%e by so%e short cut %ethod. /e thus )anted to beco%e leader of the 4ha-ur o%%unity and thereby intended to enter politics by -illin+ &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 223. ,s re+ard the fact that &%t. !hoolan 'e(i -illed about 22 4ha-urs in the CBeh%ai -illin+F5 the correctness or (eracity of the said incident or the reasons )hich pro%pted &%t. !hoolan 'e(i to -ill so %any 4ha-urs need not be +one into o(er here eBcept that it )as in public -no)led+e that &%t. !hoolan 'e(i shot to fa%e after she undertoo- the said -illin+s of 4ha-urs at CBhe%ai5 6!F. 224. ,s re+ard the fact that accused &her &in+h .ana )as an a%bitious person the prosecution has sou+ht to pro(e the said fact fro% the deposition of !013 7o(id Batra5 !0122 <a(ed 7han5 !0130 .a*a 7u%ar and !0162 !an-a* 7alra. 4hey all used to study )ith &her &in+h .ana either in school or in colle+e. !013 7o(id Batra stated that &her &in+h .ana )as not only elected as a head1boy in the school but also contested election of :eneral &ecretary of the student union in the colle+e thou+h he lost o(er there. 3t )as also stated by these )itnesses that durin+ those days &her &in+h .ana spent fe) lacs on his election ca%pai+n and )as the first to +et coloured posters printed in the colle+e students union election. 4hou+h &her &in+h .ana has denied spendin+ State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 160 of 217 such a hu+e a%ount in his election ca%pai+n or e(en +ettin+ coloured posters printed but has ad%itted that he )as elected as a head boy of the school and that he also contested election of the student union in the colle+e. 8d. &pecial !! also tried to put certain su++estions to the )itnesses that &her &in+h .ana )as an a%bitious person and )anted to establish hi%self in politics but the )itnesses did not ad%it that &her &in+h .ana )anted to enter politics. !01140 ,d(ocate .a*esh .asto+i also denied a su++estion put to hi% by 8d. &pecial !! in this re+ard. 225. /o)e(er in %y considered (ie) %ere contestin+ of elections in the school or colle+e union or a person statin+ that he intends to *oin politics can not a%ount to an incri%inatin+ circu%stance. @(ery person has a ri+ht to choose his career and e(eryone intends to do )ell in his life %ay be by *oinin+ so%e +ood +o(ern%ent ser(ice or a ser(ice in pri(ate sector or by e(en *oinin+ politics. 4hese ar+u%ents in %y considered opinion are too far1fetched to conclude that because of this a%bitious nature he co%%itted %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. &i%ilarly to state that accused &her &in+h .ana bein+ a 4ha-ur )anted to a(en+e the -illin+ of 4ha-urs by &%t. !hoolan 'e(i or thereby )anted to establish hi%self as a leader of the 4ha-ur o%%unity and in the process earnin+ na%e5 fa%e and %oney by a short cut %ethod )ill be a conclusion purely based on con*ectures and sur%ises )hich is not per%itted under the la). 226. 3nfact all these facts )hich ca%e to the -no)led+e of police only throu+h the alle+ed disclosure state%ent of accused &her &in+h .ana hi%self pri%arily see%s to ha(e +i(en birth to such fallacious conclusion in the %ind of in(esti+atin+ a+ency that the entire %oti(e to -ill &%t. !hoolan State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 161 of 217 'e(i )as found to be centerin+ around this a%bitious nature of accused &her &in+h .ana. 3 thus do not intend to +o into any further len+th of the %atter on this aspect as the aforesaid %oti(e attributed to accused &her &in+h .ana is not only (ery (a+ue in nature but also does not inspire %uch confidence. 227. /o)e(er the failure of the prosecution in pro(in+ the %oti(e on the part of accused &her &in+h .ana to co%%it %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i does not %ean that the entire prosecution case =ua hi% needs to be thro)n o(er board. 6ndoubtedly in a cri%inal case )hich by and lar+e is based on circu%stancial nature of e(idence %oti(e plays an i%portant part. ertainly the prosecution is under an obli+ation to pro(e the %oti(e )hich pro%pted the accused to resort to such a heinous act. /o)e(er at the sa%e ti%e the failure to pro(e %oti(e )hich by and lar+e re%ains in the %ind of the accused only and e(idence =ua )hich is difficult to obtain does not %ean that all other circu%stances sou+ht to be pro(ed by the prosecution also stands discredited. ,t ti%es e(en the (icti% of the cri%e %ay not be a)are as to )hy he has been attac-ed. 228. 4hus )hile the prosecution in %y considered opinion has failed to pro(e the %oti(e on the part of &her &in+h .ana to co%%it %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i but the absence of %oti(e does not affect the prosecution case in any %anner. ,t this sta+e it )ill be )orth)hile to note certain obser(ations %ade by /onHble &upre%e ourt in this re+ard. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 162 of 217 229. 3n the decision reported as &tate of 6! ( Babu .a% >2000? 4 & 515 it )as held"1 C0e are unable to concur )ith the le+al proposition enu%erated in the i%pu+ned *ud+%ent that %oti(e %ay not be (ery %uch %aterial in cases dependin+ on direct e(idence )hereas %oti(e is %aterial only )hen the case depends upon circu%stantial e(idence. 4here is no le+al )arrant for %a-in+ such a hiatus in cri%inal cases as for the %oti(e for co%%ittin+ the cri%e. $oti(e is a rele(ant factor in all cri%inal cases )hether based on the testi%ony of eye )itnesses or circu%stantial e(idence. 4he =uestion in this re+ard is )hether a prosecution %ust fail because it failed to pro(e the %oti(e or e(en )hether inability to pro(e %oti(e )ould )ea-en the prosecution to any perceptible li%it. 2o about5 if the prosecution pro(es the eBistence of a %oti(e it )ould be )ell and +ood for it5 particularly in a case dependin+ on circu%stantial e(idence5 for5 such %oti(e could then be counted as one of the circu%stances. /o)e(er5 it cannot be for+otten that it is +enerally a difficult area for any prosecution to brin+ on record )hat )as in the %ind of the respondent. @(en if the 3n(esti+atin+ #fficer )ould ha(e succeeded in -no)in+ it throu+h interro+ations that cannot be put in e(idence by the% due to the ban i%posed by la).F 274. 3t is also rele(ant to note the follo)in+ obser(ations of &upre%e ourt in the decision reported as 6**a+ar &in+h ( &tate of !un*ab >2007? 14 &,8@ 428"1 C3t is true that in a case relatin+ to circu%stantial e(idence %oti(e does assu%e +reat i%portance but to say that the absence of %oti(e )ould dislod+e the entire prosecution story is perhaps +i(in+ this one factor an i%portance )hich is not due and >to use the clichi? the %oti(e is in the %ind of the accused and can seldo% be fatho%ed )ith any de+ree of accuracyF State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 163 of 217 PREPARATION %an* obbery -ases or allotment of li=uour vend.
230. ,s re+ard the fact that accused &her &in+h .ana in order to arran+e finances to carry out the present conspiracy co%%itted t)o robberies in the year 2000 E 2001 at .oor-ee and /arid)ar5 the prosecution sou+ht to pro(e these facts by )ay of deposition of !0153 / 9.7. 4ya+i )ho produced the record pertainin+ to the case re+istered (ide case cri%e 2o. 77/20005 u/s 394/302 3!5 !& 7ot)ali5 'ehradun and !01 98 / 9ishal $ani )ho produced the record pertainin+ to case ;3. 2o. 09/015 u/s 394/397 3! at .oor-ee. 231. /o)e(er it also ca%e in the e(idence of the said )itnesses itself that thou+h in both the said cases na%e of accused &her &in+h .ana cropped up but either he )as dischar+ed or ac=uitted in the said cases. 232. ,ccused &her &in+h .ana on the other hand clai%ed in his state%ent u/s 313 r.! that he )as falsely i%plicated in the said cases at the instance of 'elhi police. 3t is also a %atter of record that initially the said cases )ere re+istered a+ainst un-no)n persons and it )as on the basis of disclosure state%ent of accused &her &in+h .ana only after his in(ol(e%ent in the present case that he )as arrested in the said t)o cases. /o)e(er later on he )as ad%ittedly dischar+ed or ac=uitted in the said t)o cases. 233. 3t thus +oes )ithout sayin+ that sufficient e(idence connectin+ hi% )ith the offence in =uestion could not be found by the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 164 of 217 concerned ourts )here the said cases )ere bein+ tried. 3n these circu%stances dra)in+ of any presu%ption on the basis of aforesaid facts a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana that he indul+ed in the said t)o ban- robberies in order to create finances to carry out the eBecution of the present cri%inal conspiracy falls flat on the +round. 4he clai% of prosecution that accused &her &in+h .ana had a cri%inal bac- +round thus also +ets hit. >-ertainl% he was acing a trial in an H<cise "ct case at .aridwar?. 234. 3t is further the case of prosecution that fro% out of the proceeds of said t)o ban- robberies accused &her &in+h .ana +ot allotted a li=uour (end at /arid)ar in the na%e of !0 625 !an-a* 7alra so that %ore finances could be +enerated. #nce a+ain in (ie) of the aforesaid circu%stances )hen in(ol(e%ent of accused &her &in+h .ana in the said t)o ban- robbery cases could not be pro(ed so the present conclusion that he in(ested the said looted a%ount in +ettin+ the li=uour (end allotted also does not stand pro(ed. 3t is ho)e(er entirely a different %atter that accused &her &in+h .ana has not denied that a li=uour (end )as bein+ run by hi% and his father &urinder &in+h .ana )hich )as allotted in the na%e of !0 62 !an-a* 7alra. /e ho)e(er stated that the said li=uour (end )as thou+h allotted in the na%e of !an-a* 7alra but the finances for the sa%e )ere pro(ided by hi%. 235. !0 62 !an-a* 7alra has also stated that the finance to +et the li=uour (end allotted )as indeed pro(ided by accused &her &in+h .ana e(en thou+h the li=uor (end ca%e to be allotted in his na%e only. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 165 of 217 236. 3t )ill be thus a+ain a fallacious conclusion based on con*ectures and sur%ises only to conclude that the li=uour (end )as bein+ run by accused &her &in+h .ana in order to +enerate finances to carry out the present contro(ersy. 4hese circu%stances thus does not stand pro(ed. P)o'0)e+e%! o" 1eaBo% o" o""e%'e ")o+ a''0se- Pa)<ee% ?#!!a$ o) a''0se- A+#! Ra!(#. 237. ,s already discussed !0162 !an-a* 7alra has diso)ned the prosecution story that in his presence any re(ol(er C$,'@ 32 328@2'F )as +i(en by accused !ar(een $ittal to accused &her &in+h .ana. 4hus prosecution is left only )ith the disclosure state%ent of accused &her &in+h .ana and !ar(een $ittal to pro(e this fact and as earlier also %entioned the said disclosure state%ents are clearly inad%issible in e(idence bein+ hit by section 25 @(idence ,ct. 238. &i%ilar is the position )ith respect to the clai% of prosecution that accused &her &in+h .ana obtained yet another re(ol(er %ade C0@B8@D E ,F fro% accused ,%it .athi. 2ot only such a conclusion is a+ain a result of the disclosure state%ents of the t)o accused persons )hich are clearly inad%issible in la). 239. 4he other )itness eBa%ined by the prosecution in this re+ard )as !0170 ,fa= ,h%ed )ho )as sho)n by the in(esti+atin+ a+ency as a )or-er at the shop of accused ,%it .athi )ho repaired the re(ol(er in =uestion. /o)e(er as earlier also %entioned !0 70 ,fa= ,h%ed did not State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 166 of 217 support the case of the prosecution in this re+ard. /e e(en denied that he -ne) accused ,%it .athi or e(er )or-ed at his shop. /e )as not only declared hositle by 8d. &pecial !! but )as also cross eBa%ined at len+th. 3n his cross1eBa%ination also he denied e(en -no)in+ accused ,%it .athi or as to )hat )or- used to be done at his shop. /e also denied -no)in+ accused &her &in+h .ana. /e further denied ha(in+ been e(er +i(en any re(ol(er by accused ,%it .athi or accused &her &in+h .ana for repair. 3nfact in the cross1eBa%ination by 8d. &pecial !.!. a su++estion )as put to the )itness that he alon+)ith accused ,%it .athi )as in(ol(ed in the ille+al sale of unlicensed re(ol(ers and )as also en+a+ed in the sale and repair of ille+al )eapon and )as thus deposin+ falsely. 4his su++estion once a+ain brin+s to the fore the conduct of the in(esti+atin+ a+ency as to if !0 70 ,fa= ,h%ed )as also in(ol(ed in the sale and purchase of ille+al )eapons or he repaired the said re(ol(ers. >,s per the case =ua accused !ar(een $ittal the +roo(es of the re(ol(ers )ere to be ta%pered )ith? then under )hat circu%stances !0 70 ,fa= ,h%ad )as let off by the in(esti+atin+ a+ency. @(en if he )as to be %ade a )itness by the 3n(esti+atin+ ,+ency then )hether he first turned an appro(er and per%ission of the ourt in this re+ard )as sou+ht. 240. 4hus once a+ain the in(esti+atin+ a+ency has sou+ht to play both hot and cold as per their )hi%s and fancies )hile arrayin+ so%e persons as co1conspirators on the basis of si%ilar -ind of e(idence and at the sa%e ti%e lettin+ off so%e persons and %a-in+ the% )itnesses )ithout their first turnin+ appro(ers. 241. Be that as it %ay5 the fact re%ains that prosecution has failed State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 167 of 217 to pro(e this circu%stance also a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana re+ardin+ procure%ent of t)o re(ol(ers >)eapons of offence? fro% accused !ar(een $ittal or ,%it .athi. S!a2 o" S(e) S#%&( a! FA+a%!a)a% =0es! Ho0seG C(#!!)a%4a% Pa);. 242. !rosecution has also clai%ed that earlier also accused &her &in+h .ana carried out a sur(ey of the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )hen she )as residin+ at hittran*an !ar- and stayed at one C,%antran :uest /ouseF near to her house. 3t has been further stated that at that ti%e &her &in+h .ana did not carry out the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i as he did not find the ti%e or place to be suitable. /o)e(er this conclusion as re+ard this act or intention of &her &in+h .ana once a+ain see%s to ha(e borne out of the disclosure state%ent of &her &in+h .ana only and is thus inad%issible in la). 243. !011 2ir%al handra5 o)ner of C,%antran :est /ouseF has deposed about stay of &her &in+h .ana in his +uest house. 3n his cross1 eBa%ination accused &her &in+h .ana thou+h disputed the said clai% and also the (eracity or the correctness of the record produced by hi% but once a+ain in %y considered opinion e(en if it is presu%ed that accused &her &in+h .ana ca%e and stayed at C,%antran :uest /ouseF at hittran*an !ar- fro% 27.07.00 till 29.07.00 than also it can not a%ount to an incri%inatin+ circu%stance. 'ra)in+ of any further conclusion that )hile sittin+ o(er there he carried out a sur(ey of the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i in order to co%%it her %urder is not borne out fro% any le+ally ad%issible e(idence. #nce a+ain the prosecution see-s to dra) this State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 168 of 217 conclusion only fro% the disclosure state%ent of accused &her &in+h .ana )hich is inad%issible in la). 4he deposition of !0130 .a*a 7u%ar )ho e(en flip1flopped in his deposition is also of no help to the prosecution in this re+ard. 4his circu%stance thus does not stand pro(ed. ?ee!#%& a! !(e Ho0se o" S(e) S#%&( Ra%a. 244. ,s re+ard the alle+ed %eetin+ held at his house by accused &her &in+h .ana )here other co1conspirators )ere present and the plan as to in )hat %anner the conspiracy is to be eBecuted or )hat role is to be played by each of the conspirator )as discussed5 the sa%e as already discussed =ua other accused persons does not stand pro(ed. 245. !rosecution sou+ht to pro(e this fact by the deposition of !0 625 !an-a* 7alra but he has chosen not to support the prosecution case on this score. 4he discussion earlier held by %e =ua deposition of !0162 !an-a* 7alra need not be reiterated o(er here as prosecution has %iserably failed in pro(in+ that any such %eetin+ e(er too- place at the house of accused &her &in+h .ana. 4his circu%stance also thus does not stand pro(ed. P)o'0)e+e%! o" 'o0%!)2 +a-e B#s!o$s ")o+ +0s!;ee+. 246. ,s earlier discussed the role of the in(esti+atin+ a+ency =ua in(ol(e%ent of %ust-ee% is also not free fro% doubts. 3f he had supplied t)o country %ade pistols to accused &her &in+h .ana then )hat )as the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 169 of 217 reason that his case )as considered on a different footin+ fro% that of accused !ar(een $ittal and ,%it .ahti. 4he fact ho)e(er re%ains that this clai% of prosecution is also borne out only fro% the disclosure state%ent of accused &her &in+h .ana )hich is inad%issible in la) bein+ hit by &. 25 @(idence ,ct. 4he char+e1sheet thou+h says that accused %ust-ee% )ho )as found lod+ed in $u*affar 2a+ar <ail )as interro+ated in this re+ard but thereafter the char+e1sheet is silent as to )hat facts ca%e to li+ht in the interro+ation of %ust-ee%. 4his circu%stance thus does not stand pro(ed. Use o" ?oA#$e P(o%es. 247. ,s re+ard the procurin+ of t)o %obile phone nu%bers 9811374806 and 9811374810 by accused &he-har5 the sa%e as has already been discussed does not stand pro(ed by any le+ally ad%issible e(idence. ,s re+ard %obile phone 2o. 98372371605 !0194 ,nura+ 4ya+i has thou+h stated it )as sold by hi% to &her &in+h .ana but there is no docu%entary e(idence to support his said clai%. /e infact stated that he purchased the said phone fro% C:rey %ar-etF >5aar Market, (arol 0agh?5 'elhi and thus there )as no docu%entary proof =ua it. $oreo(er as earlier also %entioned that there is no le+ally ad%issible e(idence on record to conclude the fact that any of the aforesaid &3$ card nu%bers )ere used in the present conspiracy. &i%ilar is the position )ith respect to %obile phone 2o. 9837222779 stated to ha(e been borro)ed fro% !013 7o(id Batra. 248. 4he use of the aforesaid %obile phones in the present conspiracy )hich )as sou+ht to be pro(ed by (irtue of the call detail record State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 170 of 217 or the cell 3' chart as already discussed by %e )as found to be inad%issible in la) in the absence of certificate u/s 651B 3ndian @(idence ,ct5 1872. 4hus procure%ent of the %obile phone or &3$ cards by accused &her &in+h .ana or accused &he-har &in+h ceases to ha(e any rele(ance. 249. 'ra)in+ of any conclusion to the contrary by the prosecution )ill be a+ain on the basis of con*ectures and sur%ises not based on any le+ally ad%issible e(idence. 4he prosecution has thus failed to pro(e this circu%stance. AAs'o%-a%'e o" PW-72, Pa%;a4 @a$)a a! !(e as;#%& o" S(e) S#%&( Ra%a. 250. ,s re+ard the fact that !an-a* 7alra )as also told by accused &her &in+h .ana to flee a)ay after the incident has also been discussed by %e earlier and it re%ains uneBplained as to if !an-a* 7alra )as not a part of the conspiracy then )hy he )as as-ed to flee a)ay after the incident. 3t is ho)e(er a different %atter that !0162 !an-a* 7alra has also not supported the case of prosecution e(en on this score and stated that he has not fled a)ay after the alle+ed incident. 3nfact the prosecution as already %entioned has been e(en not successful in pro(in+ that !0 62 !an-a* 7alra )as in any %anner e(en a)are of the i%pu+ned conspiracy or the ob*ect sou+ht to be achie(ed by the conspiracy or e(en that he had indeed run a)ay after the incident. 4he prosecution has thus failed to pro(e this circu%stance. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 171 of 217 AAs'o%-a%'e o" 9#4a2 S#%&( Ra%a a%- o!(e) "a+#$2 +e+Ae)s o" S(e) S#%&( Ra%a. 251. 4his issue has also been already discussed by %e earlier )hile discussin+ the case of prosecution =ua accused 9i*ay &in+h .ana. @(en if it be presu%ed that after the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i5 the fa%ily %e%bers of accused &her &in+h .ana fled a)ay fro% their house5 then also nothin+ ad(erse can be read a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana fro% this circu%stance. 4hou+h this fact has been denied by both accused &her &in+h .ana and his brother 9i*ay &in+h .ana and they e(en eBa%ined '014 8alit &in+h5 &ub 'i(isional @n+ineer5 B&285 .oor-ee5 to sho) that calls )ere bein+ %ade and recei(ed at the telephone nu%bers 01332171805 and 77120 installed at their residence durin+ the period 27.07.01 till 30.07.01. /o)e(er irrespecti(e of the said fact5 3 %ay a+ain reiterate that firstly there )as no reason for the parents of accused &her &in+h .ana to flee a)ay but e(en the clai% of the prosecution in this re+ard has been falsified by !0162 !an-a* 7alra )ho )as also sho)n to ha(e +one alon+)ith fa%ily %e%bers of accused &her &in+h .ana. 4hus %erely on account of this fact of alle+ed abscondance by the fa%ily %e%bers of &her &in+h .ana5 )hich fact thou+h has not been pro(ed by any co+ent or con(incin+ e(idence but e(en if presu%ed to ha(e been pro(ed then also no ad(erse inference a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana can be dra)n by (irtue of it. 252. 3nfact the deposition of !0161 'a(ender 7u%ar $ittal the o)ner of /otel C')aparF $ussoorie is also of no help to the prosecution in this re+ard. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 172 of 217 Use o" Ca) %o. UP-14B-,.. 253. ,s earlier %entioned in the discussion pertainin+ to accused .a*bir5 the (ery use of ar 2o. 6! 14B 7559 in the present conspiracy could not be pro(ed by the prosecution. 3t also could not be pro(ed that the three accused persons na%ely .a*bir &in+h5 &he-har &in+h and 'han !ar-ash tra(elled in the said $aruti ar fro% .oor-ee to 'elhi or that later on after the incident accused .a*bir &in+h5 &he-har &in+h and accused &her &in+h .ana %o(ed in the said )hite $aruti ar fro% :haAiabad on)ards. ,ccordin+ly the fact that the said ar )as reco(ered fro% &aharanpur at the instance of accused .a*bir &in+h5 .a*ender and &he-her &in+h is of no rele(ance at all. W(e!(e) assa#$a%!s 1e)e +as;e-. 254. /o)e(er the %ost i%portant and crucial piece of e(idence sou+ht to be pro(ed by the prosecution is that it )as accused &her &in+h .ana G !an-a* )ho fired at &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. ,s already %entioned )hile discussin+ the theory of assailants bein+ %as-ed at the ti%e of incident the clai% of prosecution to the contrary )as clearly found to be )ron+ >In order to avoid re)etition, I am not reiterating the said disc*ssion over here?. 3t is thus difficult to conclude on the basis of identification by t. Balender that accused &her &in+h .ana )as one of the t)o assailants )ho shot at the%. 3nfact as per the prosecution case itself accused &her &in+h .ana )as )ell -no)n to !0 52 7ali haran5 the co%plainant on )hose state%ent the present case ca%e to be re+istered. 4he state%ent of State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 173 of 217 co%plainant 7ali haran )as ad%ittedly recorded )ithin 1 T to 2 hours of the incident. , perusal of his said state%ent sho)s that he %erely +a(e the physical description of the t)o assailants i.e. re+ardin+ the built or nature of hair beside statin+ the description of the clothes )hich the t)o assailants )ere )earin+ at that ti%e. /e ho)e(er did not %ention that one of the% )as accused &her &in+h .ana G !an-a*. 4hou+h to)ards the end of his co%plaint he state that !an-a* is %issin+ since the ti%e of incident. @(en in his deposition in the ourt this )itness initially in his eBa%ination1in1chief stated that accused &her &in+h .ana )as one of the said t)o assailants )ho had fired at &%t. !hoolan 'e(i but in his re1 eBa%ination at a later date after accused &her &in+h .ana )as a+ain arrested >D*ring the co*rse o trial acc*sed Sher Singh #ana absconded awa% or a )eriod o abo*t 6 %ears? he turned around and stated that the assailants )ere infact %as-ed. 6pon bein+ cross1eBa%ined by 8d. &pecial !! he stated that earlier due to fear of police he had not stated the true facts but no) since !01104 $unni 'e(i the sister of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i has also spo-en the truth so he is also statin+ the true and correct facts. ertainly one %ay ar+ue relyin+ upon a nu%ber of case la) and the fa%ous case F@(044# : S0)e%-e)a T#1a)# 9s. S!a!e o" ?a-(2a P)a-es(G, AIR 11, SC 1545, that the testi%ony of a hostile )itness can also be relied upon and the sa%e can be the basis of con(iction but as already discussed and concluded that assailants at the ti%e of incident )ere %as-ed so the deposition of this )itness only raises doubts as re+ards the (eracity of the prosecution case only. $oreo(er if accused &her &in+h .ana )as ad%ittedly )ell -no)n to this )itness then )hat pre(ented hi% fro% statin+ in his initial co%plaint to the police itself that State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 174 of 217 one of the t)o assailants )as &her &in+h .ana. /is state%ent )as recorded )ithin 2 hours of the incident and thus it cannot be presu%ed that he %ade any e%bellish%ent in his state%ent. 4his fact a+ain raises doubts that !0152 7ali haran or !0173 t. Balender or for that %atter any other eye )itness of the incident has identified accused &her &in+h .ana at the spot itself firin+ to)ards &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 4hus in %y considered opinion the prosecution has failed to pro(e this circu%stance also. 255. ,t this sta+e5 3 intend to also briefly refer to one other issue )hich )hen raised by the prosecution )as (ery feebly protested by the accused. !rosecution has clai%ed that accused &her &in+h .ana )as also -no)n by the na%e !an-a* G &heru. ,ccused has ho)e(er disputed the said clai% statin+ that he )as not -no)n by the na%e !an-a*. 256. /o)e(er (arious prosecution )itnesses ha(e flip1flopped on this issue either in their eBa%ination1in1chief or their cross1eBa%ination but in %y considered opinion any analysis of their deposition =ua this issue is not re=uired5 for the issue bein+ raised is i%%aterial in the o(erall facts and circu%stances of the case. 2ot only all the )itnesses ha(e clai%ed that the assailants ran a)ay fro% the spot in the ar in )hich !0117 6%a 7ashyap and !0118 9i*ay 7ashyap had co%e in the %ornin+ bein+ dri(en by accused &her &in+h .ana. ,s 3 shall be discussin+ at a later sta+e that this fact not only stands pro(ed fro% the e(idence led by the prosecution but e(en accused &her &in+h .ana has not disputed the said fact. 4hus the case of prosecution is pri%arily that &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 175 of 217 Balender )ere fired at by accused &her &in+h .ana )ho had co%e in the %ornin+ in his ar 2o. 3$1907 alon+)ith 6%a 7ashyap and 9i*ay 7ashyap. 4hus it is i%%aterial that the person )ho had co%e dri(in+ ar 2o. 3$1907 )ith 6%a 7ashyap and 9i*ay 7ashyap )as also -no)n by the na%e !an-a* or not beside bein+ called as &her &in+h .ana. I-e%!#"#'a!#o% A2 PW-114 Ba(a-0) S(a( a%- PW-,3 C!. Ba$e%-e) 257. ,s has already been discussed )hile discussin+ the deposition of !01114 Bahadur &hah in the case a+ainst accused &he-har &in+h and 'han !ar-ash that identification by hi% of the said passen+ers is clearly doubtful and cannot be relied upon. &i%ilarly identification of &her &in+h .ana by t. Balender at the ti%e of incident e(en thou+h he )as -no)n to hi% fro% prior to also does not stand pro(ed. 3t is not the case of prosecution that t. Balender identified accused &her &in+h .ana fro% his o(er all appearance or the clothes )hich he )as )earin+ since %ornin+. /e identified hi% fro% his photo+raph only and )hich identification appears to be doubtful as 3 ha(e already concluded that the assailants at the ti%e of incident )ere )earin+ %as-. 258. 3n these circu%stances the identification of accused &her &in+h .ana either by t. Balender or by 4&. 'ri(er Bahadur &hah re%ains doubtful. 3nfact !011295 9inod 9ish)anath also stated that )hile boardin+ the 4&. he had seen the three boys thro)in+ off their %as-s but he infact failed to identify the% later on in the ourt. 4he prosecution has thus failed in pro(in+ this circu%stance also. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 176 of 217 Re'o<e)2 o" 9#-eo Casse!!e o" "#$+ FBa%-#! K0ee%G a%- -#a)2 ")o+ !(e (o0se o" S(e) S#%&( Ra%a 259. 4he %ere reco(ery of (ideo cassette of fil% CBandit IueenF fro% the house of accused &her &in+h .ana after his arrest or a diary containin+ phone nu%bers of ,%it .athi and !ar(een $ittal can not a%ount to any incri%inatin+ circu%stance as has already been discussed )hile discussin+ the case of prosecution =ua accused ,%it .athi and !ar(een $ittal. 4he sa%e at the %ost can sho) so%e prior ac=uaintance bet)een the% but can not si%plicitor indicate anythin+ that they )ere conspirators in the present conspiracy. Re"0sa$ !o Ba)!#'#Ba!e #% TIP. 260. ,s re+ards the refusal of accused &her &in+h .ana to participate in 43! the sa%e as earlier also discussed =ua other accused persons na%ely &he-har &in+h and 'han !ar-ash can not be of any conse=uence. 3nfact e(en the alle+ed !ress onference so addressed by accused &her &in+h .ana )as attended by photo+raphers fro% $edia and his photo+raph )as thus (ery %uch a(ailable in the %edia. $oreo(er accused &her &in+h .ana )as not arrayed for 43! soon after his arrest by 'elhi police officers and rather his police custody re%and )as initially sou+ht for 10 days and thereafter he )as arrayed for 43! on 07.08.01. 4hus no ad(erse inference in %y considered opinion can be dra)n on account of refusal to participate in 43! by accused &her &in+h .ana. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 177 of 217 9#s#! !o !(e (o0se o" S+!. P(oo$a% De<# o% 2..0,.01. 261. 4he case of prosecution in this re+ard is that accused &her &in+h .ana de(eloped inti%acy )ith 6%a 7ashyap and her husband 9i*ay 7ashyap in order to +ain access to the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 4his fact stands pro(ed fro% the deposition of !0117 6%a 7ashyap and her husband !0118 9i*ay 7ashyap or e(en fro% the deposition of (arious other )itnesses na%ely !0 52 7ali haran5 !0173 t. Balender5 !0 1045 $unni etc )ho all also stated that &her &in+h .ana used to (isit the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i alon+)ith !0 117 6%a 7ashyap and !0118 9i*ay 7ashyap. 262. 3nfact accused &her &in+h .ana hi%self has also not disputed that he -ne) 6%a 7ashyap and alon+)ith her used to (isit the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. /e ho)e(er stated that 6%a 7ashyap used to as- hi% to +o alon+)ith her to 'elhi in his ar to the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. /o)e(er in %y considered opinion the aforesaid facts ta-en either )ay does not %a-e any difference. 3nfact on the day of incident also accused &her &in+h .ana has not disputed his (isit alon+)ith 6%a 7ashyap and 9i*ay 7ashyap to the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. /e infact has also clai%ed his presence o(er there e(en at the ti%e of incident e(en thou+h prosecution has clai%ed his presence at that ti%e as one of the assailant. /e further stated that on 24.07.01 both 6%a 7ashyap and her husband 9i*ay 7ashyap forced hi% repeatedly to co%e to 'elhi alon+)ith the% on the neBt day and that he hi%self did not as- the% to co%e to 'elhi alon+)ith hi%. #nce a+ain these facts are of no conse=uence since the (isit by accused &her &in+h .ana to 'elhi on the day of incident or his State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 178 of 217 presence at the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i since %ornin+ stands )ell pro(ed not only fro% the deposition of (arious )itnesses includin+ !0 52 7ali haran5 !01104 $unni 'e(i and !0173 t. Balender but he hi%self has also not disputed the said fact either in the cross1eBa%ination of these )itnesses or in his state%ent u/s 313 r.!. 263. Ho1e<e), I s(a$$ Ae -#s'0ss#%& a! a $a!e) s!a&e !(a! !(#s B)o<e-6a-+#!!e- B)ese%'e o" a''0se- S(e) S#%&( Ra%a o% !(e -a2 o" #%'#-e%! a! !(e (o0se o" S+!. P(oo$a% De<# %o! o%$2 &#<e A#)!( !o 'e)!a#% 0%a%s1e)e- >0es!#o%s6'#)'0+s!a%'es A0! +a2 a$so $ea- !o -)a1#%& o" 'e)!a#% 'o%'$0s#o%s aAo0! (#s 'o%-0'! soo% a"!e) !(e #%'#-e%!. Use o" Ca) No. CI?-0, A2 !(e assa#$a%!s. 264. /o)e(er before ad(ertin+ further on this aspect it )ill be )orth)hile to first eBa%ine as to )hether the o)nership of ar 2o. 3$1 907 in the na%e of &her &in+h .ana has been pro(ed by the prosecution or not. 265. 3n this re+ard deposition of !01935 $ansur ,la% in rele(ant. /e stated that he sold the said ar 2o. 3$1907 to &her &in+h .ana. /is deposition to this effect has also not been contro(erted by accused &her &in+h .ana. 3nfact &her &in+h .ana hi%self ad%itted in his state%ent u/s 313 r.! that earlier he had lod+ed a co%plaint )ith the police re+ardin+ %issin+ of his ar 2o. 3$1907 but later on he found that it )as ta-en a)ay by 9i*ay 7ashyap. /e e(en ad%itted in his state%ent u/s 313 r.! that he purchased the said ar 2o. 3$1907 fro% !0193 $ansur ,la%. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 179 of 217 266. $oreo(er !01525 7ali haran5 !0173 t. Balender besides !0117 6%a 7ashyap and !0118 9i*ay 7ashyap ha(e all stated that on 25.07.01 accused &her &in+h .ana ca%e )ith 6%a 7ashyap and 9i*ay 7ashyap in ar 2o. 3$1907 to the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. ,ccused &her &in+h .ana hi%self has also not disputed the said facts. /e e(en ad%itted the clai% of prosecution )itnesses that on that day as the ar of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i )as not a(ailable so he had dropped her and t. Balender in his ar 2o. 3$1907 to !arlia%ent /ouse. 267. 4hus fro% all these circu%stances it stands conclusi(ely pro(ed that ar 2o. 3$1907 belon+ed to accused &her &in+h .ana. 268. 4he neBt i%portant circu%stance )hich no) arises for consideration is )hether the assailants fled a)ay fro% the spot in ar 2#. 3$1907. 269. 4he fact that the assailants soon after the incident fled a)ay fro% the spot in +reen colour $aruti ar 2o. 3$1907 belon+in+ to &her &in+h .ana stands )ell pro(ed fro% the deposition of !01175 6%a 7ashap5 !0152 7ali haran5 !011045 $unni 'e(i5 !0173 t. Balender and !01129 9inod 9ish)anath )ho )as a chance )itness of the incident. 3nfact 3 )as unable to find anythin+ in the cross1eBa%ination of any of the prosecution )itnesses that accused &her &in+h .ana disputed this clai% of the prosecution. 3nfact his sole thrust has been to state that he )as not one of the assailant and secondly that he )as present at the spot e(en after the incident. 3t thus clearly stands pro(ed that after firin+ at &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender5 the assailants fled a)ay in the +reen State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 180 of 217 colour $aruti ar 2o. 3$1907 belon+in+ to accused &her &in+h .ana. 4his fact also stands pro(ed fro% the testi%ony of 3# >!01170? ,! &uresh 7aushi- or other police officers and ;&8 eBperts )ho inspected ar 2o. 3$1907 at the spot itself and found bullet %ar-s on the rear +lass. 4he fact that a bullet fired by t. Balender fro% his ser(ice re(ol(er hit the rear +lass of ar 2o. 3$1907 also stands pro(ed fro% the report of ;&8 eBperts. 4his fact also lends support to the conclusion that the three assailants fled a)ay fro% the spot in ar 2o. 3$1907. 270. 4he report of ;&8 eBperts to this effect has also not been disputed by accused &her &in+h .ana. 3nfact )hile relyin+ upon the co%%unication %ade by &h. &uresh .oy >ourt 0itness15? the then <oint o%%issioner of !olice5 2e) 'elhi it )as only clai%ed ri+ht throu+h the entire trial that the re(ol(ers5 cartrid+es or %on-ey caps ha(e been planted in ar 2o. 3$1907 but the fact that ar 2o. 3$1907 )as found lyin+ abandoned at !andit !ant $ar+ )ithin fe) %inutes of the incident and that too )ith bullets %ar-s on the rear +lass has not been disputed. 271. $oreo(er fro% the deposition of !011295 9inod 9ish)anath it also stands clearly pro(ed that the assailants after lea(in+ ar 2o. 3$1 907 at !andit !ant $ar+ boarded 4&. 2o. '811.;10235. 272. 4hus fro% all the aforesaid circu%stances and the deposition of the )itnesses it stands clearly pro(ed that the assailants soon after the incident fled a)ay fro% the spot in ar 2o. 3$1907. 273. T(e a"o)esa#- "a'!s a%- '#)'0+s!a%'es !(0s '$ea)$2 s(#"!s !(e A0)-e% 0Bo% a''0se- S(e) S#%&( Ra%a 06s 107 E<#-e%'e A'! !o State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 181 of 217 eCB$a#% as !o #% 1(a! '#)'0+s!a%'es (#s Ca) No. CI?-0, 'a+e !o Ae 0se- A2 !(e assa#$a%!s #% "$ee#%& a1a2 ")o+ !(e sBo! a"!e) !(e #%'#-e%! #" (e (#+se$" 1as %o! o%e o" !(e assa#$a%!. 274. &her &in+h .ana has ho)e(er clai%ed that he )as not in(ol(ed in firin+ incident )hich too- place at the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 3nfact he clai%ed that at the ti%e of incident he )as present in the house5 as )as also clai%ed by !0152 7ali haran. /e further stated that in fact all the persons )ho )ere present in the house at the ti%e of incident )ere rounded up by the police and later on after ille+ally dentainin+ hi% for 2 days he )as sho)n to ha(e been arrested fro% 'ehradun sho)in+ that he had addressed a !ress conference at C'oon !ress lubF ad%ittin+ his in(ol(e%ent in the present case and )as thereafter arrested by police of !& 'allan)ala5 'ehradun. 275. 4hus )hat is no) re=uired to be seen is as to )hether the aforesaid eBplanation furnished by accused &her &in+h .ana re+ardin+ his presence at the spot at the ti%e of incident or soon thereafter is plausible and is sufficient to dischar+e his burden of so pro(in+ u/s 106 @(idence ,ct. 276. 4he use of car 2o. 3$1907 belon+in+ to &her &in+h .ana by the assailants or his absence fro% the house at the ti%e of incident are in fact the %ost i%portant incri%inatin+ piece of e(idence )hich tends to connect accused &her &in+h .ana )ith the offence in =uestion. ,d%ittedly accused &her &in+h .ana )as present since %ornin+ at the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i on the day of incident. 4hou+h !0152 7ali State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 182 of 217 haran stated that accused &her &in+h .ana had also +one to .$8 hospital in the sa%e $aruti 9an in )hich &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender )ere re%o(ed but this fact )as not put by accused &her &in+h .ana in the cross eBa%ination of any of the other eye )itnesses of the incident. 3t )as also not su++ested to any )itness that all the persons present in the house at the ti%e of incident )ere rounded up by the police soon after the incident. ,s already discussed the deposition of !0 52 7ali haran can not be +i(en %uch credence to this effect and especially )hen accused &her &in+h .ana hi%self has not clai%ed this aspect of the %atter. 3nfact in his state%ent u/s 313 r.! in response to I. 2o. 219 he stated that )ithin one hour of the incident he alon+)ith all other persons present in the house )ere ta-en to the police station by the police. 3t is his further case that later on he )as detained ille+ally by 'elhi !olice but )as sho)n to ha(e been arrested fro% 'ehradun. 277. 4his clai% of accused &her &in+h .ana is ho)e(er clearly false for a nu%ber of reasons. 278. ;irstly if accused &her &in+h .ana )as found to be the actual culprit then there )as no reason for the police to not clai% that the actual culprit has been apprehended soon after the incident and the police )ould not ha(e faced such a fla- fro% the hi+her authorities that the la) and order situation in 'elhi is bad as a sittin+ %e%ber of !arlia%ent has been %urdered in the heart of national capital. 279. &econdly the fact that accused &her &in+h .ana )as found to be stayin+ in hotel C!ra%ilaF at /arid)ar i%personatin+ as ,noop &in+h State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 183 of 217 further supports that on 25 th and 26 th <uly 2001 he )as not in the custody of police. $oreo(er there )as no reason for 'elhi !olice if they had already detained accused &her &in+h .ana to ta-e hi% to 'ehradun and to %a-e hi% address a !ress onference as clai%ed by &her &in+h .ana. 3f they )ere to arran+e and %anipulate any such !ress onference then they could ha(e done it at 'elhi or at .oor-ee to )hich place accused &her &in+h .ana belon+ed to. 280. 3nfact in the cross1eBa%ination of !011465 3nsp. !ari-shit 7u%ar5 the then &/#5 !& 'allan)ala5 'ehradun )ho arrested accused &her &in+h .ana fro% outside C'oon !ress lubF it )as su++ested on behalf of accused &her &in+h .ana that fro% 12 2oon to 2 !.$. accused &her &in+h .ana )as in the custody of 'elhi police. 3nsp. !ari-shit 7u%ar thou+h stated the said su++estion to be )ron+ but this su++estion +oes to falsify the clai% of accused &her &in+h .ana that he )as in ille+al detention of 'elhi !olice ri+ht fro% 25.07.01itself. 4he aforesaid clai% of accused &her &in+h .ana also stands falsified fro% the depostion of !01 116 'eepa- !urohit and !01124 Babu .a% 'ubey5 the t)o %ana+ers of hotel C!ra%ilaF at /arid)ar and hotel C:an+a 9ie)F at .ishi-esh .oad5 /arid)ar )here accused &her &in+h .ana had stayed on the ni+ht of 25.07.01 and 26.07.01 respecti(ely. 3n hotel C!ra%ilaF /arid)ar5 accused &her &in+h .ana si+ned the re+ister as C,noop &in+hF and this fact stands duly pro(ed fro% the deposition of hand )ritin+ eBpert !011345 $s. 'eepa 9er%a. , perusal of the cross1eBa%ination of this )itness by &her &in+h .ana clearly sho)s that eBcept for puttin+ certain su++estions that the report has been prepared by her in conni(ance )ith the in(esti+atin+ officer of the case nothin+ %aterial could be elicited )hich could either State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 184 of 217 sho) that her report )as )ron+ in any %anner or that she )as deposin+ falsely on any aspect. 3nfact in his state%ent u/s 313 r.! in response to I. 2o. 354 and I. 355 &her &in+h .ana stated that the police forced hi% to si+n (arious papers includin+ re+isters of so%e hotels )hile he )as in their custody. 4hus he pri%arily did not dispute the factu% of his si+natures on the re+isters but si%ply stated that he )as forced to do so. 3n order to appreciate this contention of accused &her &in+h .ana the deposition of !01116 'eepa- !urohit or that of !01124 Babu .a% 'ubey )ill be )orth)hile to note. 4hese t)o )itnesses clearly identified accused &her &in+h .ana not only as the person )ho had co%e alon+)ith police and pointed out their hotel statin+ that he had stayed o(er there but they also stated that &her &in+h .ana )as infact one of the persons )ho had stayed at their hotel on 25.07.01 and 26.07.01 respecti(ely. 3nfact a perusal of their cross1eBa%ination sho)s that bald su++estions )ere only put to these )itnesses on behalf of &her &in+h .ana that either they )ere not e%ployees of the respecti(e hotels or that the re+isters produced by the% did not belon+ to the said hotels. 4he )itnesses ho)e(er denied the said clai% and stated the su++estions to be )ron+. ,part fro% it 3 ha(e been unable to find anythin+ substantial in the cross1eBa%ination of any of these t)o )itnesses )hich could either fa(our the accused or %ay lead %e to disbelie(e their deposition. 281. #nce a+ain this fact clearly falsifies the clai% of accused &her &in+h .ana that on 25.07.01 he )as ille+ally detained by the police and )as later on sho)n to ha(e been arrested fro% 'ehradun on 27.07.01. 3t is in these circu%stances the abscondance of accused &her &in+h .ana fro% the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i ri+ht fro% the ti%e )hen State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 185 of 217 the firin+ incident too- place and thereafter stayin+ in hotels by i%personatin+ hi%self as ,noop &in+h operates as a stron+ incri%inatin+ circu%stance a+ainst hi%. 282. 4hus accused &her &in+h .ana has clearly failed in eBplainin+ his presence either at the ti%e of incident or soon thereafter by any eBplanation %uch less any plausible eBplanation. 3nfact his clai% that he )as ille+ally detained by 'elhi police officials on 25.07.01 itself is also found to be false. 283. 3t is in these circu%stances the non1eBplanation by accused &her &in+h .ana of the circu%stances in )hich his ar 2o. 3$1907 ca%e to be used by the assailants beco%es i%portant. 4hou+h durin+ the course of ar+u%ents he has ar+ued that the said ar )as probably used by 6%a 7ashyap and 9i*ay 7ashyap in conni(ance )ith 6%ed &in+h husband of !hoolan 'e(i as they )ere probably ha(in+ so%e duplicate -eys but 3 ha(e been unable to find that any such su++estion )as e(en put to either of the aforesaid three )itnesses in their cross1eBa%ination. @(en in his state%ent u/s 313 r.! in response to =uestion 2o. 441 he stated that he has se(eral thin+s to say in defence and that he shall be filin+ detailed )ritten sub%issions after consultin+ his ounsel but eBcept for sub%ittin+ so%e bullet points in )ritin+ %erely sho)in+ the na%es of nu%ber of %aterial prosecution )itnesses eBa%ined5 no such )ritten sub%issions )ere filed on his behalf. 4hus this clai% of &her &in+h .ana that his ar )as used by 6%a 7ashyap or her husband 9i*ay 7ashyap in conni(ance )ith 6%ed &in+h clearly appears to be an after thou+ht. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 186 of 217 284. 4hus once a+ain furnishin+ of no eBplanation in this re+ard by accused &her &in+h .ana as to under )hat circu%stances his ar 2o. 3$1907 ca%e to be used by the assailants leads to only one conclusion that it )as accused &her &in+h .ana only )ho )as either one of the t)o assailants )ho fired at &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender or )as dri(in+ ar 2o. 3$1907 in )hich the t)o shooters fled a)ay fro% the spot after the incident. 285. 3t has been stron+ly ar+ued by 8d. ounsel for the accused persons and ri+htly so that the in(esti+ation carried out in the present case has not been abo(e board and %any circu%stances )ere not brou+ht for)ard since they )ere not fa(ourin+ the case of the prosecution or in other )ords )ere fa(ourin+ the case of the accused persons. 286. 6ndoubtedly 3 ha(e also obser(ed at a nu%ber of places in %y present *ud+%ent that there )ere nu%ber of such instances )here certain i%portant facts )ere not brou+ht on the file by the in(esti+atin+ a+ency for reasons best -no)n to the%. /o)e(er the =uestion )hich arises is )hether on account of such defecti(e or perfunctory in(esti+ation should the entire prosecution case be thro)n o(er board. 0hether such defecti(e in(esti+ation )ill ha(e the effect of e(en brushin+ aside the (arious i%portant incri%inatin+ circu%stances )hich ha(e co%e on record a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana and )hich circu%stances he has failed to repel by any eBplanation %uch less any plausible eBplanation in that re+ard. 287. 3n this re+ard it )ill be )orth)hile to %ention certain State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 187 of 217 obser(ations %ade by /onHble 'elhi /i+h ourt in the case C9#s(a$ Da-a< <. S!a!e o" U.P.G /S0B)a3 )herein the /onHble ourt in si%ilar circu%stances su%%arised the obser(ations of /onHble &upre%e ourt %ade in a nu%ber of such li-e cases to hold that %ere defects in the in(esti+ation by itself can not be a +round for ac=uittal as the conclusion of the ourt can not be allo)ed to depend solely on the probity of the in(esti+ation. 4he discussion %ade in the said *ud+%ent by /onHble /i+h ourt fro% para 2o. 1882 on)ard reads as under" C1882. 3t has been ur+ed by $r. !.7. 'ey5 learned counsel for the co%plainant that so far as the accused are concerned the in(esti+ation )as fair5 not tainted. 4he abo(e o%issions are i%portant fro% the perspecti(e of the prosecution. 3t is ur+ed that the lapses in the in(esti+ation by the%sel(es )ould not result in (itiatin+ the trial as the rest of the e(idence %ust be scrutiniAed independently. 8earned counsel has ur+ed that cri%inal *ustice cannot be a casualty on account of lapses co%%itted by the in(esti+atin+ officer. 1883. 4his issue arose before the &upre%e ourt in 2000 & >rl.? 61 &tate of 7arnata-a (. 7. Darappa .eddy )here the court )as called upon to consider the =uestion of defecti(e in(esti+ation as to )hether any %anipulation in the station house diary by the in(esti+atin+ officer could be put a+ainst the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 188 of 217 prosecution. 3n para 19 of the pronounce%ent5 the court held thus"1 CU19. But can the abo(e findin+ >that the station house diary is not +enuine? ha(e any ine(itable bearin+ on the other e(idence in this caseO 3f the other e(idence5 on scrutiny5 is found credible and acceptable5 should the ourt be influenced by the %achinations de%onstrated by the 3n(esti+atin+ #fficer in conductin+ in(esti+ation or in preparin+ the records so unscrupulouslyO 3t can be a +uidin+ principle that as in(esti+ation is not the solitary area for *udicial scrutiny in a cri%inal trial5 the conclusion of the ourt in the case cannot be allo)ed to depend solely on the probity of in(esti+ation. 3t is )ell1ni+h settled that e(en if the in(esti+ation is ille+al or e(en suspicious the rest of the e(idence %ust be scrutinised independently of the i%pact of it. #ther)ise the cri%inal trial )ill plu%%et to the le(el of the in(esti+atin+ officers rulin+ the roost. 4he court %ust ha(e predo%inance and pre1 e%inence in cri%inal trials o(er the action ta-en by the in(esti+ation officers. ri%inal <ustice should not be %ade a casualty for the )ron+sco%%itted by the in(esti+atin+ officers in the case. 3n other )ords5 if the court is State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 189 of 217 con(inced that the testi%ony of a )itness to the occurrence is true the court is free to act on it albeit the in(esti+atin+ officerHs suspicious role in the case.F >@%phasis by us? 1884. #n the sa%e issue5 our attention has been dra)n to the pronounce%ent of the &upre%e ourt reported at /20103 . SCC 1, AA0 J(a;#) <. S!a!e o" Ta+#$ Na-0. !lacin+ reliance on para 19 of 7. Darappareddy >supra?5 the &upre%e ourt re*ected the ar+u%ents on behalf of the appellant that the in(esti+ation )as not fair as there )ere %any %issin+ lin-s in the process of in(esti+ation. 1885. 4he appellants ha(e stron+ly assailed the failure of the in(esti+atin+ a+ency to send the ha%%er for opinion of the doctor )ho conducted the post1%orte%. Based on this ob*ection5 it has been pressed before us that the (ery reco(ery of the ha%%er %ust be disbelie(ed. , si%ilar ob*ection arose for consideration before the &upre%e ourt also in >2004? 10 & 598 .a% Bali (. &tate of 6.!. >!aras 12114?. 0e %ay usefully eBtract the rele(ant portion of the *ud+%ent5 )hich reads thus" CU12. 4he in(esti+ation )as also stated to be defecti(e since the +un )as not sent for forensic State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 190 of 217 test. 3n the case of a defecti(e in(esti+ation the court has to be circu%spect in e(aluatin+ the e(idence. But it )ould not be ri+ht in ac=uittin+ an accused person solely on account of the defectN to do so )ould tanta%ount to playin+ into the hands of the in(esti+atin+ officer if the in(esti+ation is desi+nedly defecti(e. >&ee 7arnel &in+h (. &tate of $.!. Q>1995? 5 & 518 " 1995 & >ri? 977R ? 13. 3n !aras Dada( (. &tate of Bihar Q>1999? 2 & 126 " 1999 & >ri? 104R it )as held that if the lapse or o%ission is co%%itted by the in(esti+atin+ a+ency or because of ne+li+ence there had been defecti(e in(esti+ation the prosecution e(idence is re=uired to be eBa%ined dehors such o%issions carefully to find out )hether the said e(idence is reliable or not and to )hat eBtent5 such lapse affected the ob*ect of findin+ out the truth. 4he conta%inated conduct of officials alone should not stand in the )ay of e(aluatin+ the e(idence by the courts in findin+ out the truth5 if the %aterials on record are other)ise credible and truthfulN other)ise the desi+ned %ischief at the instance of biased or interested in(esti+ator )ould be perpetuated and *ustice )ould be denied to the co%plainant party5 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 191 of 217 and in the process to the co%%unity at lar+e. 14. ,s )as obser(ed in .a% Bihari Dada( (. &tate of Bihar Q>1998? 4 & 517 " 1998 & >ri? 1085R if pri%acy is +i(en to such desi+ned or ne+li+ent in(esti+ation5 to the o%ission or lapses by perfunctory in(esti+ation or o%issions5 the faith and confidence of the people )ould be sha-en not only in the la)1enforcin+ a+ency but also in the ad%inistration of *ustice. 4he (ie) )as a+ain reiterated in ,%ar &in+h (.Bal)inder &in+h Q>2003? 2 & 518 " 2003 & >ri? 641R . ,s noted in ,%ar &in+h case Q>2003? 2 & 518 " 2003 & >ri? 641R it )ould ha(e been certainly better if the firear%s )ere sent to the ;orensic 4est 8aboratory for co%parison. But the report of the ballistic eBpert )ould %erely be in the nature of an eBpert opinion )ithout any conclusi(eness attached to it. 0hen the direct testi%ony of the eye)itnesses corroborated by the %edical e(idence fully establishes the prosecution (ersion5 failure or o%ission or ne+li+ence on the part of the 3# cannot affect the credibility of the prosecution (ersion.F >@%phasis by us? 1886. 0here reliable and co+ent state%ents5 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 192 of 217 consistent )ith the story of prosecution5 are on record5 %erely because the police officers ha(e failed to perfor% their duties in accordance )ith the re=uire%ents of la)5 and there has been so%e defect in the in(esti+ation5 it )ill not enure to the benefit of the accused persons to the eBtent that they )ould be entitled to an order of ac=uittal on this +round. >.ef." >2010? 9 & 567 . $uniappan (. &tate of 4a%il 2adu?. 1887. Before this court5 the appellants ha(e contended that the in(esti+atin+ officer failed to %a-e s-etch of the ha%%er )hich )as reco(ered. 4he in(esti+atin+ officer also failed to send the ha%%er for opinion of the doctor )ho conducted the port1%orte%. 4he appellants ha(e also challen+ed the testi%ony of )itnesses of last seen to+ether5 on the +round that no 43! of the appellants )as conducted. 1888. 3n S(2a+a$ =(os( >supra?5 these (ery ob*ections )ere raised. 3n para 405 the &upre%e ourt obser(ed that e(ery discrepancy in in(esti+ation does not )ei+h )ith the court to the eBtent that it necessarily results in ac=uittal of the accused. 4he &upre%e ourt noted that the discrepancies pointed out in the case )ere lapses of i%%aterial conse=uence. 4he failure to prepare a site plan or to send +unny ba+s in )hich the body )as State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 193 of 217 reco(ered to the ;&8 )as held not to be fatal to the case of the prosecution in the circu%stances of the case. 4he &upre%e ourt ad(erted to *udicial precedents obser(in+ as follo)s"1 CU40. 3n . $uniappan (. &tate of 4.2. Q>2010? 9 & 567 " >2010? 3 & >ri? 1402R this ourt has clearly stated the principle that the la) on this issue is )ell settled that the defect in the in(esti+ation by itself cannot be a +round for ac=uittal. I" B)#+a'2 #s &#<e% !o s0'( -es#&%e- o) %e&$#&e%! #%<es!#&a!#o%s o) !o !(e o+#ss#o%s o) $aBses A2 Be)"0%'!o)2 #%<es!#&a!#o%, !(e "a#!( a%- 'o%"#-e%'e o" !(e BeoB$e #% !(e ')#+#%a$ 40s!#'e a-+#%#s!)a!#o% 1o0$- Ae e)o-e-. &i%ilar (ie) )as ta-en by this ourt in &heo &han-ar &in+h (. &tate of <har-hand Q>2011? 3 & 654 " >2011? 2 & >ri? 25R )herein the ourt held that the "a#$0)e o" !(e #%<es!#&a!#%& a&e%'2 !o (o$- a !es! #-e%!#"#'a!#o% Ba)a-e -oes %o!, #% !(a! <#e1, (a<e !(e e""e'! o" 1ea;e%#%& !(e e<#-e%'e o" #-e%!#"#'a!#o% #% !(e 'o0)!. ,s to )hat should be the )ei+ht attached to such an identification is a %atter )hich the 'o0)! L1o0$-M -e!e)+#%e #% !(e Be'0$#a) "a'!s a%- '#)'0+s!a%'es o" ea'( 'ase. S#+#$a)$2, "a#$0)e !o +a;e State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 194 of 217 )e"e)e%'e !o !(e FSL #% !(e '#)'0+s!a%'es o" !(e 'ase #s %o +o)e !(a% a -e"#'#e%'2 #% !(e #%<es!#&a!#o% o" !(e 'ase a%- s0'( -e"#'#e%'2 -oes %o! %e'essa)#$2 $ea- !o a 'o%'$0s#o% !(a! !(e B)ose'0!#o% 'ase #s !o!a$$2 0%1o)!(2 o" ')e-#!.G >@%phasis by us? 1889. 3n >2012? 8 & 2635 'ayal &in+h and #rs. (. &tate of 6ttaranchal5 the &upre%e ourt dealt )ith the =uestion of defecti(e or i%proper in(esti+ation resultin+ fro% the acts of o%ission and/or co%%ission5 deliberate or other)ise5 of the 3n(esti+atin+ #fficer or other %aterial )itnesses5 )ho are obli+ed to perfor% certain duties in dischar+e of their functions and then to eBa%ine its effects. 3n para 195 the &upre%e ourt articulated the follo)in+ issues5 )hich arose in such e(entuality"1 CU19. 2o)5 )e )ill deal )ith the =uestion of defecti(e or i%proper in(esti+ation resultin+ fro% the acts of o%ission and/or co%%ission5 deliberate or other)ise5 of the in(esti+atin+ officer or other %aterial )itnesses5 )ho are obli+ed to perfor% certain duties in dischar+e of their functions and then to eBa%ine its effects. 3n order to eBa%ine this aspect in confor%ity )ith State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 195 of 217 the rule of la) and -eepin+ in %ind the basic principles of cri%inal *urisprudence5 and the =uestions fra%ed by us at the (ery outset of this *ud+%ent5 the follo)in+ points need consideration" >i? 0hether there ha(e been acts of o%ission and co%%ission )hich ha(e resulted in i%proper or defecti(e in(esti+ation. >ii? 0hether such default and/or acts of o%ission and co%%ission ha(e ad(ersely affected the case of the prosecution. >iii? 0hether such default and acts )ere deliberate5 unintentional or resulted fro% una(oidable circu%stances of a +i(en case. >i(? 3f the dereliction of duty and o%ission to perfor% )as deliberate5 then is it obli+atory upon the court to pass appropriate directions includin+ directions in re+ard to ta-in+ of penal or other ci(il action a+ainst such officer/)itness.F 1890. 4he &upre%e ourt obser(ed that in findin+ an ans)er to these =uestions5 the ourts )ould ha(e to eBa%ine the prosecution e(idence in its entirety5 especially )hen a specific reference to defecti(e or irresponsible in(esti+ation is noticed in the li+ht of the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 196 of 217 facts and circu%stances of a +i(en case. #n the role of the in(esti+atin+ officer5 in para 21 of 'ayal &in+h and #rs. (. &tate of 6ttaranchal >supra?5 the court obser(ed as follo)s"1 CU21. ...,n 3n(esti+atin+ #fficer is co%pletely responsible and ans)erable for the %anner and %ethodolo+y adopted in co%pletin+ his in(esti+ation. 0here the default and o%ission is so fla+rant that it spea-s (olu%es of a deliberate act or such irresponsible attitude of in(esti+ation5 no court can afford to o(erloo- it5 )hether it did or did not cause pre*udice to the case of the prosecution. 3t is possible that despite such default/o%ission5 the prosecution %ay still pro(e its case beyond reasonable doubt and the court can so return its findin+. But5 at the sa%e ti%e5 the default and o%ission )ould ha(e a reasonable chance of defeatin+ the case of the prosecution in so%e e(ents and the +uilty could +o scot1free. ...F 1891. 3rresponsible in(esti+ation %ay s%ac- of intentional %ischief to %isdirect the in(esti+ation as )ell as to )ithhold %aterial e(idence fro% the ourt. 3t cannot be considered either as a case of bona fide or unintentional o%ission or co%%ission. &uch conduct is not a case of faulty in(esti+ation si%plicitor State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 197 of 217 but the case of is an in(esti+ation coloured )ith %oti(ation or an atte%pt to ensure that the suspect can +o scot1free. #n this aspect5 in para 26 of 'ayal &in+h and #rs. (. &tate of 6ttaranchal >supra?5 the &upre%e ourt has ruled thus"1 CU26. ...'ereliction of duty or carelessness is an abuse of discretion under a definite la) and %isconduct is a (iolation of indefinite la). $isconduct is a forbidden act )hereas dereliction of duty is the forbidden =uality of an act and is necessarily indefinite. #ne is a trans+ression of so%e established and definite rule of action5 )ith least ele%ent of discretion5 )hile the other is pri%arily an abuse of discretion. 4his ourt in the case of &tate of !un*ab and #rs. (. .a% &in+h @B. onstable Q>1992? 4 & 54R stated that the a%bit of these eBpressions had to be construed )ith reference to the sub*ect %atter and the conteBt )here the ter% occurs5 re+ard bein+ +i(en to the scope of the statute and the public purpose it see-s to ser(e. 4he police ser(ice is a disciplined ser(ice and it re=uires %aintenance of strict discipline. 4he conse=uences of these defaults should nor%ally be attributable to ne+li+ence. !olice officers and doctors5 by their profession5 are State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 198 of 217 re=uired to %aintain duty decoru% of hi+h standards. 4he standards of in(esti+ation and the presti+e of the profession are dependent upon the action of such specialiAed persons. 4he police %anual and e(en the pro(isions of the r.!.. re=uire the in(esti+ation to be conducted in a particular %anner and %ethod )hich5 in our opinion5 stands clearly (iolated in the present case. 'r. .2. 4e)ari5 not only breached the re=uire%ent of adherence to professional standards but also beca%e instru%ental in preparin+ a docu%ent )hich5 eB facie5 )as incorrect and stood falsified by the uni%peachable e(idence of eye )itnesses placed by the prosecution on record. ,lso5 in the sa%e case5 the ourt5 )hile referrin+ to the decision in .a% Bihari Dada( and #thers (. &tate of Bihar and #rs. Q>1995? 6 & 31R noticed that if pri%acy is +i(en to such desi+ned or ne+li+ent in(esti+ation5 to the o%ission or lapses by perfunctory in(esti+ation or o%issions5 the faith and confidence of the people )ould be sha-en not only in the la) enforce%ent a+ency but also in the ad%inistration of *ustice.F CU34. ... 0here the prosecution atte%pts to %isdirect the trial on the basis of a perfunctory or State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 199 of 217 desi+nedly defecti(e in(esti+ation5 there the ourt is to be deeply cautious and ensure that despite such an atte%pt5 the deter%inati(e process is not sub1ser(ed. ;or truly attainin+ this ob*ect of a Lfair trial 5 the ourt should lea(e no stone unturned to do *ustice and protect the interest of the society as )ell.F >@%phasis by us? 1892. 4here are se(eral pronounce%ents of the &upre%e ourt layin+ do)n the duty of the court in cases in(ol(in+ faulty in(esti+ations )hich %ust be referred to. 3n >1972? 3 & 613 &athi !rasad (. 4he &tate of 6.!.5 the &upre%e ourt held that if the police records beco%e suspect and in(esti+ation perfunctory5 it beco%es the duty of the court to see if the e(idence +i(en in court should be relied upon and such lapses i+nored. 1893. 3n >2004? 3 & 654 'hana* &in+h G &hera and #rs. (. &tate of !un*ab5 the &upre%e ourt noticed the possibility of the in(esti+ation bein+ desi+nedly defecti(e and held thus" CU3n the case of a defecti(e in(esti+ation the ourt has to be circu%spect in e(aluatin+ the e(idence. But it )ould not be ri+ht in ac=uittin+ an accused person solely on account of the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 200 of 217 defectN to do so )ould tanta%ount to playin+ into the hands of the in(esti+atin+ officer if the in(esti+ation is desi+nedly defecti(e.F 1894. 4he &upre%e ourt enunciated the principles )ith re+ard to the case of o%ission and co%%ission on the part of the in(esti+atin+ a+ency in ,3. 1999 & 644 !aras Dada( (. &tate of Bihar holdin+ that if the lapse or o%ission is co%%itted by the in(esti+atin+ a+ency5 ne+li+ently or other)ise5 the prosecution e(idence is re=uired to be eBa%ined5 de hors such o%issions5 by the court to find out )hether the said e(idence is reliable or not. 4he conta%inated conduct of officials should not stand in the )ay of e(aluatin+ the e(idence by the courts5 other)ise the desi+ned %ischief )ould be perpetuated and *ustice )ould be denied to the co%plainant party. 1895. 4he &upre%e ourt has thus cate+orically ruled that there is no absolute proposition that defecti(e in(esti+ation )ould necessarily lead to ac=uittal of the accused person. .eiteratin+ the principles laid do)n in >1995? 5 & 518 7arnel &in+h (. &tate of $.!. and latter pronounce%ent in >2004? 10 & 598 .a% Bali (. &tate of 6ttar !radesh5 the &upre%e ourt obser(ed that Uin case of defecti(e in(esti+ation the court has to be circu%spect )hile e(aluatin+ the e(idence. But it )ould not be ri+ht in ac=uittin+ an State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 201 of 217 accused person solely on account of the defectN to do so )ould tanta%ount to playin+ into the hands of the in(esti+ation officer if the in(esti+ation is desi+nedly defecti(e . 1896. 3n 'ayal &in+h and #rs. (. &tate of 6ttaranchal >supra?5 the &upre%e ourt in para 305 obser(ed as follo)s"1 CU30. 0ith the passa+e of ti%e5 the la) also de(eloped and the dictu% of the ourt e%phasiAed that in a cri%inal case5 the fate of proceedin+s cannot al)ays be left entirely in the hands of the parties. ri%e is a public )ron+5 in breach and (iolation of public ri+hts and duties5 )hich affects the co%%unity as a )hole and is har%ful to the society in +eneral.FF 288. 4hus5 an ob*ecti(e e(aluation of the e(idence placed before the ourt in e(ery case so as to ensure a fair trial5 has to be effected and a conclusion arri(ed at )ith re+ard to the +uilt of the person char+ed5 )hich %ay not necessarily be affected by defecti(e in(esti+ation. 289. ,part fro% the aforesaid i%portant incri%inatin+ circu%stances there is also on record the eBtra *udicial confessions %ade by accused &her &in+h .ana initially in the !ress onference held by hi% on 27.07.01 at C'oon !ress lubF and subse=uently after his arrest at !& 'allan)ala to !0187 7ishore ,rora and !0188 ,shish :oyal the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 202 of 217 ca%era%an and reporter of C,sian 2e)s 3nternationalF >,23?. 3n his said !ress onference prior to his arrest by the police he ad%itted before the reporters and ca%era%en of different ne)s a+encies that he alo+n)ith .a*ender G .a(inder co%%itted %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and the %urderous attac- on t. Balender. 2o doubt a part of his said clai% )as found to be false later on as .a*ender )as found to be lod+ed in *ail at the ti%e of incident but his state%ent certainly a%ounts to an eBtra *udicial confession and thus can not be brushed aside especially in (ie) of the other incri%inatin+ circu%stances )hich stands pro(ed a+ainst hi% on record. &i%ilar is the position )ith respect to his second state%ent %ade to reporters )hile in the custody of police of !& 'allan)ala. 4he la) as re+ards eBtra *udicial confession is )ell settled. 3n a catena of decisions /onHble ,peB ourt has obser(ed that there is neither any rule of la) nor of prudence that e(idence furnished by eBtra *udicial confession can not be relied upon unless corroborated by so%e other credible e(idence. 3f the e(idence about eBtra *udicial confession co%es fro% the %outh of such )itnesses )ho are found to be unbiased and reliable then there is no reason as to )hy such an eBtra *udicial confession can not be relied upon. >Re"e)e%'e #% !(#s )e&a)- +a2 Ae (a- o% FAA-0$ =(a%# 9s. S!a!e o" U.PG. AIR 1,3, SC 274 a%- FS!a!e o" U.P. 9s. ?.@. A%!(o%2G, AIR 15., SC, 45 ?. 290. 3n this re+ard the deposition of !0187 7ishore ,rora5 !0188 ,shish :oyal and that of !0189 .a*esh &har%a are i%portant to note. 291. Both !0187 7ishore ,rora and !0188 ,shish +oyal the ca%era%an and reporter fro% C,sia 2e)s 3nternationalF >,23? stated that State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 203 of 217 they inter(ie)ed accused &her &in+h .ana )hile he )as in the custody of police of !& 'allan)ala at !& 'allan)ala itself but they further stated that at that ti%e beside the% no one else )as present in the roo%. 4hey specifically denied the presence of police officials in the roo%. ertainly these independent )itnesses fro% such a reputed ne)s a+ency can not be attributed any obli=ue %oti(e in deposin+ falsely a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana. ertainly they )ere also not in a position of any authority =ua accused &her &in+h .ana and thus the said confession %ade to the% by &her &in+h .ana e(en thou+h )hile bein+ in police custody is not inad%issible in la) and rather a%ount to an eBtra *udicial confession. 4his certainly act as an additional incri%inatin+ circu%stance )hich stands pro(ed a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana. 292. 4he deposition of !0189 .a*esh &har%a5 staff reporter of C'oon 9alley $ailF stands on a %uch better footin+. /e stated that he inter(ie)ed &her &in+h .ana in the C'oon !ress lubF before he )as arrested by the police. /e further stated that reporters fro% a nu%ber of ne)spapers )ere inter(ie)in+ &her &in+h .ana at that ti%e. 4o hi% also &her &in+h .ana ad%itted that he has -illed &%t. !hoolan 'e(i. 293. #nce a+ain 3 ha(e been unable to find any circu%stance )hich could ha(e pro%pted these independent )itnesses i.e. reporters and ca%era%an fro% (arious ne)s a+encies to depose falsely a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana. 2othin+ %aterial could e(en co%e out in their cross1eBa%ination )hich could sho) that these )itnesses )ere deposin+ falsely in any %anner. 3 thus find these )itnesses to be reliable and their deposition to be co+ent and con(incin+. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 204 of 217 294. 3n the aforesaid facts and circu%stances5 3 a% of the considered opinion that the t)o eBtra *udicial confessions %ade by accused &her &in+h .ana initially at the !ress onference held at C'oon !ress lubF and subse=uently at !& 'allan)ala are stron+ corroborati(e piece of e(idence lendin+ support to the other incri%inatin+ circu%stances )hich already stands pro(ed a+ainst hi%. 295. ,t this sta+e it )ill be )orth)hile to note do)n certain decision of /onHble ,peB ourt re+ardin+ applicability of &ection 106 @(idence ,ct especially in cases based on circu%stantial e(idence or as re+ard the effect of ta-in+ false plea by an accused. 296. 3n the case Ra;es( @0+a) a%- O)s. <. S!a!e /S0B)a3 Ho%NA$e De$(# H#&( Co0)! !oo; %o!e o" so+e s0'( -e'#s#o%s o" Ho%NA$e S0B)e+e Co0)! as 0%-e). /&ho*gh the said decisions are in res)ect o last seen evidence b*t the observations o .on:ble S*)reme -o*rt are still relevant over here3. C337. 3n <oseph &/o 7oo(eli !oulo (. &tate of 7erala 2000 ri8< 2467 >&?N the facts )ere that the deceased )as an e%ployee of a school. 4he appellant representin+ hi%self to be the husband of one of the sisters of :racy5 the deceased5 )ent to the &t. $aryHs on(ent )here she )as e%ployed and on a false preteBt that her %other )as ill and had been ad%itted to a hospital too- her a)ay )ith the per%ission of the &ister in char+e of the on(ent5 State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 205 of 217 !015. 4he case of the prosecution )as that later the appellant not only raped her and robbed her of her orna%ents5 but also laid her on the rail trac- to be run o(er by a passin+ train. 3t )as also found as a fact that the deceased )as last seen ali(e only in his co%pany5 and that on infor%ation furnished by the appellant in the course of in(esti+ation5 the *e)els of the deceased5 )hich )ere sold to !0111 by the appellant5 )ere seiAed. 4here )as clear e(idence to pro(e that those *e)els )ere )orn by the deceased at the ti%e )hen she left the on(ent )ith the appellant. 0hen =uestioned under &ection 313 r.!..5 the appellant did not e(en atte%pt to eBplain or clarify the incri%inatin+ circu%stances inculpatin+ and connectin+ hi% )ith the cri%e by his ada%ant attitude of total denial of e(erythin+. 3n the bac-+round of such facts5 &upre%e ourt held" M&uch incri%inatin+ lin-s of facts could5 if at all5 ha(e been only eBplained by the appellant5 and by nobody else5 they bein+ personally and eBclusi(ely )ithin his -no)led+e. #f late5 courts ha(e5 fro% the falsity of the defence plea and false ans)ers +i(en to court5 )hen =uestioned5 found the %issin+ lin-s to be supplied by such ans)ers for co%pletin+ the chain of incri%inatin+ circu%stances necessary to connect the person State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 206 of 217 concerned )ith the cri%e co%%itted. 4hat %issin+ lin- to connect the accused appellant5 )e find in this case pro(ided by the blunt and outri+ht denial of e(ery one and all the incri%inatin+ circu%stances pointed out )hich5 in our (ie)5 )ith sufficient and reasonable certainty on the facts pro(ed5 connect the accused )ith the death and the cause for the death of :racy.M 338. 3n .a% :ula% haudhary and #rs. (. &tate of BiharN ,3. 2001 & 2842 the facts pro(ed at the trial )ere that the deceased boy )as brutally assaulted by the appellants. 0hen one of the% declared that the boy )as still ali(e and he should be -illed5 a chhura blo) )as inflicted on his chest. 4hereafter5 the appellants carried a)ay the boy )ho )as not seen ali(e thereafter. 4he appellants +a(e no eBplanation as to )hat they did after they too- a)ay the boy. 4he =uestion arose )hether in such facts &ection 106 of the @(idence ,ct applied. &upre%e ourt held as under" M3n the absence of an eBplanation5 and considerin+ the fact that the appellants )ere suspectin+ the boy to ha(e -idnapped and -illed the child of the fa%ily of the appellants5 it )as for the appellants to ha(e eBplained )hat they did State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 207 of 217 )ith hi% after they too- hi% a)ay. 0hen the abductors )ithheld that infor%ation fro% the court5 there is e(ery *ustification for dra)in+ the inference that they had %urdered the boy. @(en thou+h &ection 106 of the @(idence ,ct %ay not be intended to relie(e the prosecution of its burden to pro(e the +uilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt5 but the section )ould apply to cases li-e the present5 )here the prosecution has succeeded in pro(in+ facts fro% )hich a reasonable inference can be dra)n re+ardin+ death. 4he appellants by (irtue of their special -no)led+e %ust offer an eBplanation )hich %i+ht lead the ourt to dra) a different inference.M 339. 3n &ahade(an alias &a+ade(an (. &tate represented by 3nspector of !olice5 hennai ,3. 2003 & 2155 the prosecution established the fact that the deceased )as seen in the co%pany of the appellants fro% the %ornin+ of $arch 55 1985 till at least 5 p.%. on that day )hen he )as brou+ht to his house5 and thereafter his dead body )as found in the %ornin+ of $arch 65 1985. 3n the bac-+round of such facts &upre%e ourt obser(ed" ET(e)e"o)e, #! (as Ae'o+e oA$#&a!o)2 o% !(e aBBe$$a%!s !o sa!#s"2 !(e 'o0)! as !o (o1, 1(e)e a%- #% 1(a! +a%%e) 9a-#<e$0 Ba)!e- State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 208 of 217 'o+Ba%2 1#!( !(e+. T(#s #s o% !(e B)#%'#B$e !(a! a Be)so% 1(o #s $as! "o0%- #% !(e 'o+Ba%2 o" a%o!(e), #" $a!e) "o0%- +#ss#%&, !(e% !(e Be)so% 1#!( 1(o+ (e 1as $as! "o0%- (as !o eCB$a#% !(e '#)'0+s!a%'es #% 1(#'( !(e2 Ba)!e- 'o+Ba%2. I% !(e #%s!a%! 'ase !(e aBBe$$a%!s (a<e "a#$e- !o -#s'(a)&e !(#s o%0s. I% !(e#) s!a!e+e%! 0%-e) Se'!#o% 313 C).P.C. !(e2 (a<e %o! !a;e% a%2 sBe'#"#' s!a%- 1(a!soe<e)E. 297. ,s re+ards false defence ta-en by an accused5 it )as further obser(ed in the case CS1aBa% Pa!)a a%- O)s. 9s. S!a!e o" W.B.5 >1999? 9 & 242 &upre%e ourt as under" M3t is )ell settled that in a case of circu%stantial e(idence )hen the accused offers an eBplanation and that eBplanation is found to be untrue then the sa%e offers an additional lin- in the chain of circu%stance to co%plete the chain. ,pplyin+ the aforesaid principle5 )e ha(e no hesitation to hold that the circu%stances established in the case co%plete the chain of circu%stances to pro(e the char+e of %urder a+ainst the appellant &)apan !atra and5 therefore5 the con(iction of appellant &)apan !atra has to be upheld under &ection 302 3!. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 209 of 217 &o far as the other t)o appellants are concerned5 as stated earlier5 in the absence of any positi(e e(idence e(en about their presence in the house at the rele(ant point of ti%e5 it is difficult to rope the% in e(en if all other circu%stances narrated earlier are established and5 therefore5 they are entitled to an order of ac=uittal.M 346. 3n the decision reported as State of Maharashtra v. Suresh, >2000? 1 & 4715 &upre%e ourt held as under "1 M3t is re+rettable that the 'i(ision Bench had practically nullified the %ost for%idable incri%inatin+ circu%stance a+ainst the accused spo-en to by !0 22 'r. 2and 7u%ar. 0e ha(e pointed out earlier the in*uries )hich the doctor had noted on the person of the accused )hen he )as eBa%ined on 25.12.1995. 4he si+nificant i%pact of the said incri%inatin+ circu%stance is that the accused could not +i(e any eBplanation )hatsoe(er for those in*uries and therefore he had chosen to say that he did not sustain any such in*ury at all. 0e ha(e no reason to disbelie(e the testi%ony of !0 22 'r. 2and 7u%ar. , false ans)er offered by the accused State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 210 of 217 )hen his attention )as dra)n to the aforesaid circu%stance renders that circu%stance capable of inculpatin+ hi%. 3n a situation li-e this such a false ans)er can also be counted as pro(idin+ Ma %issin+ lin-M for co%pletin+ the chain.M 298. 4he net result of the aforesaid discussion is that the prosecution has been able to pro(e that accused &her &in+h .ana )ho )as present at the house of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i since %ornin+ on 25.07.01 )as found absent ri+ht fro% the ti%e of incident and that the assailants used his ar in fleein+ a)ay fro% the spot. 4hese circu%stances coupled )ith non1furnishin+ of any eBplanation by accused &her &in+h .ana as re+ards his presence or the circu%stances in )hich his ar 2o. 3$1907 ca%e to be used by the assailants is in itself sufficient to dra) the conclusion that accused &her &in+h .ana )as either one of the t)o assailants )ho fired at &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender or )as their third acco%plice )ho dro(e a)ay ar 2o. 3$1907 facilitatin+ the escape of t)o shooters. 4he aforesaid conclusion further +ets support fro% the fact that accused &her &in+h .ana thereafter on 25.07.01 and 26.07.01 )as found to be stayin+ at hotels in /arid)ar and .ishi-esh .oad5 /arid)ar under false na%es. 4he fact that he si+ned the re+ister of hotel C!ra%ilaF as ,noop &in+h clearly pro(es this act of abscondance and hidin+ by accused &her &in+h .ana beyond all reasonable doubts. 4he t)o eBtra *udicial confessions %ade by accused &her &in+h .ana at the !ress onference at C'oon !ress lubF and at !& 'allan)ala pro(ides yet another lin- to the circu%stantial chain of circu%stances. 4he false plea of defence ta-en by accused that he )as ille+ally detained by the police fro% State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 211 of 217 the spot itself alon+)ith all other persons present in the house and )as later sho)n to ha(e been arrested after t)o days fro% 'ehradun operates as yet another incri%inatin+ circu%stance a+ainst hi%. 299. 4hus the aforesaid incri%inatin+ circu%stances )hich stands pro(ed on record a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana for% such a continuous and co%plete chain of incri%inatin+ circu%stances )hich are eBplainable only on one hypothesis )hich is consistent )ith the +uilt of accused &her &in+h .ana only and is not eBplainable on any other +round %uch less bein+ consistent )ith the innocence of accused &her &in+h .ana. 300. ,t this sta+e5 3 %ay also %ention that on one of the t)o re(ol(ers reco(ered fro% ar 2o. 3$1907 the chance prints lifted tallied )ith that of accused &her &in+h .ana but 3 a% not touchin+ the said issue as the said aspect is not free fro% doubts as has already been discussed by %e in the case =ua accused 'han !ar-ash. 301. ,n i%portant =uestion )hich %ay arise in the facts and circu%stances of the case is )ho )ere the other associates of accused &her &in+h .ana )ho either fired at &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and at t. Balender or dro(e a)ay ar 2o. 3$1907 facilitatin+ the escape of the t)o assailants fro% the spot. ,s already discussed =ua the case of accused &he-har &in+h and 'han !ar-ash5 the prosecution has failed in establishin+ beyond reasonable doubts that they )ere in(ol(ed in the present conspiracy in any %anner %uch less in the actual shootin+ incident. /o)e(er it is clear for% the o(erall facts and circu%stances of the State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 212 of 217 case that there )ere indeed three persons in(ol(ed in the actual shootin+ incident and out of the% )hile t)o fired to)ards &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender5 the third dro(e a)ay ar 2o. 3$1907 facilitatin+ the escape of the t)o shooters fro% the spot. 302. 3t is thus clear that the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i or the %urderous attac- upon t. Balender )as carried out by accused &her &in+h .ana in furtherance of co%%on intention shared by his t)o other acco%plice )hose identity thou+h other)ise could not be established by the prosecution in the present case. 303. 3n (ie) of %y aforesaid discussion it is thus clear that thou+h any conspiracy to co%%it %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i or that of t. Balender ha(in+ been hatched by accused &her &in+h .ana alon+)ith other co1accused persons could not be pro(ed by the prosecution but at the cost of repetition 3 %ay state that the +uilt of accused &her &in+h .ana =ua the %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and his act of atte%ptin+ to co%%it %urder of t. Balender in furtherance of co%%on intention shared by hi% )ith t)o other persons stand a%ply pro(ed beyond shado)s of all reasonable doubts. /o)e(er as it could not be conclusi(ely established as to )hether accused &her &in+h .ana )as a%on+st the t)o shooters )ho fired at &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and t. Balender or )as the dri(er of car no. 3$ 907 in )hich the t)o shooters fled a)ay fro% the spot soon after the incident so in these circu%stances it can not be presu%ed that accused &her &in+h .ana )as in possession of any unlicensed ar% %uch less he used it in the incident in =uestion. 4he char+es for the offence u/s 25 >1B?/27 ,r%s ,ct5 1959 thus does not stand pro(ed a+ainst hi% beyond State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 213 of 217 shado)s of reasonable doubts. 304. &i%ilarly as the char+e of conspiracy could not be pro(ed so accused &her &in+h .ana cannot be held +uilty e(en for the offence u/s 193/419/468/471 3! r/) section 120B 3! or for the offence u/s 25/27 ,r%s ,ct5 1959 r/) section 120B 3! for )hich char+es )ere fra%ed a+ainst hi%. 305. /o)e(er prosecution has been successful in pro(in+ its case a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana for the offence u/s 302/34 3! and section 307/34 3! i.e. for co%%ittin+ %urder of &%t. !hoolan 'e(i and for atte%ptin+ to co%%it %urder of t. Balender beyond shado)s of all reasonable doubts. F#%a$ -e'#s#o% 306. 4hou+h the char+es as fra%ed by5 the then5 8d. !redecessor of this court are under (arious heads but the pri%ary char+e fra%ed a+ainst all the accused persons eBcept accused 7esha( hauhan is for the offence u/s 120B 3! r/) section 302/193/419/468/471 3! and section 25/27 ,r%s ,ct r/) section 120B 3!. /o)e(er as already discussed the factu% of there bein+ any conspiracy a%on+st (arious accused persons could not be pro(ed by the prosecution at all so all the accused persons na%ely5 &her &in+h .ana5 &he-har &in+h5 .a*bir &in+h5 .a*ender &in+h5 'han !ar-ash5 9i*ay &in+h5 &urender &in+h 2e+i5 !ar(een $ittal5 ,%it .athi and &har)an 7u%ar stands ac=uitted for the said offence i.e offence u/s 120B 3! r/) section 302/193/419/468/471 3! and section 25/27 ,r%s ,ct. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 214 of 217 307. har+e for the offences u/s 302/307/34 3! )as also fra%ed a+ainst accused &he-har &in+h5 .a*bir and 'han !ar-ash and they all stand ac=uitted for the said offences also. 308. har+e for the offences u/s 419/468 3! and section 471 3! r/) section 468 3! )as fra%ed a+ainst accused .a*bir and he stand ac=uitted for the said offences. 309. , separate char+e for the offence u/s 307 3! and for the offence u/s 25 >1B?/27 ,r%s ,ct )as fra%ed a+ainst accused 'han !ar-ash and he stand ac=uitted for the said offences. 310. har+e for the offences u/s 419/468 3! )as also fra%ed a+ainst accused &urender &in+h 2e+i and he too stand ac=uitted for the said offences. 311. har+e for the offence u/s 25 >1B?/29 ,r%s ,ct5 1959 )as fra%ed a+ainst accused !ar(een $ittal and he stand ac=uitted for the said offences. 312. har+e for the offence u/s 25 >1B?/29 ,r%s ,ct5 1959 )as fra%ed a+ainst accused ,%it .athi and he stand ac=uitted for the said offences. 313. har+e for the offence u/s 25/27 ,r%s ,ct5 1959 and separate char+e for the offences u/s 419/468 3! and 193 3! )as also fra%ed a+ainst accused &har)an 7u%ar and he stand ac=uitted for the sa%e. State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 215 of 217 314. har+e for the offence u/s 201 3! )as fra%ed a+ainst accused 7esha( hauhan and he stand ac=uitted for the sa%e. 315. har+e for the offence u/s 193 3! and for the offence u/s 25 >1B?/27 ,r%s ,ct )as also fra%ed a+ainst accused &her &in+h .ana and he stand ac=uitted for the said offences. 316. Ho1e<e) B)ose'0!#o% (as Aee% s0''ess"0$ #% B)o<#%& #!s 'ase a&a#%s! a''0se- S(e) S#%&( Ra%a "o) !(e o""e%'es 06s 302630,634 IPC so (e #s a''o)-#%&$2 'o%<#'!e- "o) !(e sa#- o""e%'es. 317. ;or a ready reference the final decision as %entioned abo(e is bein+ reproduced in a tabular for% hereunder"1 S. No Na+e o" a''0se- CHAR=ES FRA?ED F#%a$ De'#s#o% /I3 /II3 /III3 /I93 1 &her &in+h .ana G &heru G !an-a* 6/s 1201B r/) &ec. 302/ 193/ 419/ 468/ 471 3! and &ec. 25/ 27 of ,r%s ,ct 6/s 302/ 307 r/) &ec. 34 3! 6/s 193 3!5 6/s 302/307 r/) &ec. 34 3! E25>1B? / 27 ,r%s ,ct Co%<#'!e- for the offence u/s 302/ 307/ 34 3! A'>0#!!e- for the offences u/s 120B r/) &ec. 193/419/ 468/471 3! and &ec. 25/27 ,r%s ,ct and for the offences u/s 193 3! and for the offence u/s 25>1B?/ 27 ,r%s ,ct 2 &he-har &in+h !an)ar 6/s 1201B r/) &ec. 302/ 193/ 419/ 468/ 471 3! E &ec. 25/27 of ,r%s ,ct 6/s 302/ 307 r/) &ec. 34 3! 6/s 302/307 r/) &ec. 34 3! A'>0#!!e- for all offences 3 .a* Bir &in+h 6/s 1201B r/) &ec. 302/ 193/ 419/ 468/ 471 3! E &ec. 25/ 27 of ,r%s ,ct 6/s 302/ 307 r/) &ec. 34 3! 6/s 419/ 468 E 6/s 471 r/) &.468 3! 6/s 3025307 r/) &ec. 34 3! A'>0#!!e- for all offences State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 216 of 217 4 .a*ender &in+h G .a(inder &in+h 6/s 1201B r/) &ec. 302/ 193/ 419/ 468/ 471 3! and &ec. 25/ 27 of ,r%s ,ct A'>0#!!e- for all offences 5 'han !ar-ash G 9ic-y G 'heera* 6/s 1201B r/) &ec. 302/ 193/ 419/ 468/ 471 3! and &ec. 25/ 27 of ,r%s ,ct 6/s 302/ 307 r/) &ec. 34 3! 6/s 302/307 r/) &ec. 34 3! 6/s 307 3!5 25 >1B?/27 ,r%s ,ct A'>0#!!e- for all offences 6 9i*ay &in+h .ana G .a*u 6/s 1201B r/) &ec. 302/ 193/ 419/ 468/ 471 3! and &ec. 25/ 27 of ,r%s ,ct A'>0#!!e- for all offences 7 &urender &in+h 2e+i G &uri 6/s 1201B r/) &ec. 302/ 193/ 419/ 468/ 471 3! and &ec. 25/ 27 of ,r%s ,ct 6/s 419/ 468 3! A'>0#!!e- for all offences 8 !ar(een $ittal 6/s 1201B r/) &ec. 302/ 193/ 419/ 468/ 471 3! and &ec. 25/ 27 of ,r%s ,ct 25 >1B? ,r%s ,ct r/) &ec. 29 ,r%s ,ct A'>0#!!e- for all offences 9 ,%it .athi 6/s 1201B r/) &ec. 302/ 193/ 419/ 468/ 471 3! and &ec. 25/ 27 of ,r%s ,ct 25 >1B? ,r%s ,ct r/) &ec. 29 ,r%s ,ct A'>0#!!e- for all offences 11 &har)an 7u%ar 6/s 120B r/) &ec. 302/ 193/ 419/ 468/ 471 3! and u/s 25/ 27 ,r%s ,ct and 419/ 468/ 193 3! A'>0#!!e- for all offences 10 7esha( hauhan 6/s 201 3! A'>0#!!e- for offence u/s 201 3! ANNOUNCED IN THE OPEN COURT /BHARAT PARASHAR3 TODAD #.e. 05.05.2014 A--#!#o%a$ Sess#o%s J0-&e-01 Ne1 De$(# D#s!)#'! Pa!#a$a Ho0se Co0)!s Ne1 De$(# State v. Sher Singh Rana & Ors. Page 217 of 217