7-.

D. S. LEE
S. P. PLATANIA
G. H. BURGESS
North Carolina Biological Survey
Contribution No. 1983-6
1
ATLAS OF
NORTH AMERICAN
FRESHWATER
FISHES
1983 Supplement

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Occasional Papers of the
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1983 by the North Carolina Biological Survey and the
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A Division of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture
James A. Graham, Commissioner
ATLAS OF
NORTH AMERICAN
FRESHWATER
FISHES
1983 Supplement
D. S. LEE
S. P. PLATANIA
G. H. BURGESS
Illustrations by R. Kuhler
ROL/N,
0 /AP

LP 0
4
7
North Carolina Biological Survey
Contribution No. 1983-6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction 1
Freshwater Fishes of the Greater Antilles 3
Families:
Lepisosteidae gars 7
Bythitidae cusk-eels 8
Poeciliidae livebearers 11
Cyprinodontidae killifishes 52
Rivulidae rivulids 57
Synbranchidae swamp-eels 62
Cichlidae cichlids 63
Index
66
INTRODUCTION
At the request of Richard Franz, we decided back in 1979 to include the
freshwater fishes of the Greater Antilles in the Atlas of North American Fresh-
water Fishes. As deadlines approached, it became apparent that the accounts of
these species would not be available in time for their inclusion in the 1980 edi-
tion. At first we assumed that these species would simply be printed later so
they could be inserted into the Atlas. The number of species and inclusion of
several additional orders makes this impractical.
The accounts presented in this Supplement will interest mostly a small core
of ardent ichthyologists. Nevertheless, collectively the accounts represent an
important contribution compiled from a wide array of publications, many of
which are obscure and were issued over a rather protracted period of time. As in
the 1980 edition of the Atlas, the information presented here is a first attempt to
assemble pertinent materials. Critical persons will have little trouble recogniz-
ing the shortcomings of this Supplement. Unfortunately, they probably will not
also appreciate the difficult task of compiling the information, the illustrations,
and the maps. Franz, Rivas, and Burgess are to be commended for the effort put
into this Supplement.
Appreciation is extended to Renaldo Kuhler, scientific illustrator of the
North Carolina State Museum, for preparation of many of the illustrations that
appear here. The co-editors, Platania and Burgess, assisted with production and
helped obtain many of the more obscure details presented.
Much of the introductory material, as well as addresses of compilers, which
appeared in the first printing of the Atlas, is also pertinent to this Supplement.
Although the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service did not fund this portion of the
project, I thank them, particularly James A. McCann, for encouragement and
support.
For the record, 19 accounts of mainland North American freshwater fishes
accompany this Supplement. These represent mostly species undescribed in
1980. It is intended that they be inserted in the 1980 et sequel edition of the
Atlas and included under that volume in future citation. For practical and logis-
tical purposes, however, this 1983 Supplement is best cited as a separate work.
DAVE LEE
N.C. State Museum
September 1983
FLORIDA
ATLANTICOCEAN
HISPANIOL A
VIRGIN
=fT iSLANDS
11=
7
PUERTO RICO
JAMAICA
_ -
MIDDLE
AMERICA
SEA CARIBBEAN
fD.
CS'GUADELOUPE
10 0MmI N:C ol.
STLUCIA
SY VINCENT 0 15
BARBADOS
O''GRENADA
BAHAMA
-
ISLE Of PINES
CAYMAN
ISLANDS
GULF OF
MEXICO
FRESHWATER FISHES OF THE GREATER ANTILLES
The freshwater ichthyofauna of the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Puerto Rico, and the smaller islands making up the Greater Antilles includes at
least 59 species of native freshwater fishes, 24 exotics, and 50 marine invaders.
These fishes live in a broad range of habitats, including small and large rivers,
coastal mangrove swamps, streams, mountain torrents, springs, freshwater
swamps, ponds and lakes, subterranean waters, and hypersaline lakes and pools.
The greatest number of species occurs on the two largest islands, Cuba and His-
paniola, where the greatest diversity of aquatic habitats exists (Table 1). Oddly,
Puerto Rico has no native freshwater species. Local endemism is the rule among
freshwater fishes in this region, with many species confined to single sites or
restricted areas of an island; only Gambusia puncticulata is relatively wide-
spread throughout the region. The high rate of endemism can be attributed not
only to the insular nature of the region but also to the complexity of the local
topography and geological history.
The marine species that commonly invade freshwater habitats on these
islands are listed in Table 2, but are not included in the species accounts pre-
sented here. Some of them already have been dealt with in the 1980 edition of
the Atlas, and their inclusion with the insular fishes would have necessitated
duplication and revision of a number of pre-existing accounts. Additionally, dis-
tributional records for many of these species are scant and/or so widely scat-
tered in collections that an uneven treatment would result. Typically these
marine invaders are widely distributed in both insular and continental habitats
throughout the region, where they form an important component of the fresh-
water fauna. Exotic species are listed in Table 3, but are not covered in the
species accounts, owing to the paucity of reliable records. Some, however, have
been treated in previously published sections of the Atlas.
The native fish fauna of the neighboring Lesser Antilles is sparse; only five
freshwater species are known: Ophisternon aenigmaticum, Poecilia reticulata, P.
vivipara, Rivulus harti, and R. marmoratus. The last two are marine invaders
and the two Poecilia species have zoogeographic affinities with South America.
Ophisternon aenigmaticum, which is found in Trinidad, ranges into the Greater
Antilles (Cuba).
The inclusion of Antillean species in the Atlas was prompted by several fac-
tors. Most importantly, this fauna has its greatest affinity with fish faunas in the
southern portions of North America, especially Mexico and Central America.
The fauna has never been categorically summarized, and some of the species had
never been illustrated. The biology of many of the species has not been studied.
This is an unfortunate situation because, as it is in many adjacent areas, wide-
spread habitat destruction is occurring, and many of the species discussed here
appear in jeopardy. In recent years this region has become the focus of many
biogeographical studies, and our accounts should provide additional support for
the formulation of viable biogeographical hypotheses.
Ordinal and familial designations involving killifishes follow Parenti (1981.
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 168:335-557) rather than the American Fisheries
Society checklist, which appeared in 1980. Thus, Rivulidae is used for fishes of
the genus Rivulus, and Cyprinidontiformes replaces Atheriniformes as the order
for the Cyprinodontidae, Poeciliidae, and Rivulidae. We also choose to accept
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-3
TABLE 1. Freshwater fishes of the Bahamas, Cuba, the Cayman Islands,
Jamaica, and Hispaniola.
Bahamas Cuba Cayman Is. Jamaica Hispaniola
Lepisosteiformes
Lepisosteidae
Atractosteus tristoechus
Ophidiiformes
Bythitidae
Lucifuga dentatus
Lucifuga spelaeotes
Lucifuga subterraneus
Cyprinodontiformes
Poeciliidae
Gambusia beebei
Gambusia dominicensis
Gambusia his paniolae
Gambusia mela pleura
Gambusia pseudo punctata
Gambusia punctata
Gambusia puncticulata
Gambusia wrayi
Gambusia xanthosoma
Girardinus creolus
Girardinus cubensis
Girardinus denticulatus
Girardinus falcatus
Girardinus metallicus
Girardinus microdactylus
Girardinus serri penis
Girardinus uninotatus
Limia caymanensis
Limia dominicensis
Limia fuscomaculata
Limia garnieri
Limia grossidens
Limia immaculata
Limia melanogaster
Limia melanoizotata
Limia miragoanensis
Limia nigrofasciata
Limia ornata
Limia pauciradiata
Limia perugiae
Limia rivasi
Limia sulphurophilia
Limia tridens
Limia versicolor
Limia vittata
Limia yaguajali
Limia zonata
Poecilia dominicensis
Poecilia elegans
Poecilia his paniolana
Quintana atrizona
Cyprinodontidae
Cyprinodon bondi
Cyprinodon laciniatus
Cyprinodon variegatus baconi
Cubanichthys cubensis
Cubanichthys pengelleyi
Supplement 1983-4
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
TABLE 1 ,
Bahamas
continued
Cuba Cayman Is. Jamaica Hispaniola
Rivulidae
Rivulus cylindraceus
Rivulus garciai
Rivulus heyei
Rivulus insulaepinorum
Rivulus roloffi
Synbranchiformes
Synbranchidae
Ophisternon aenigmaticum
Perciformes
Cichlidae
Cichlasoma haitiensis
Cichlasoma ramsdeni
Cichlasoma tetracanthus
TOTALS
Order (5) 1 5 1 1 2
Family (7) 2 7 1 2 4
Genus (12) 2 10 2 3 7
Species (59) 3 23 3 5 28
TABLE 2. Marine species of the Greater Antilles known or expected
to occur in fresh waters.
Elopidae: Elops saurus, Megalops atlanticus
Anguillidae: Anguilla rostrata
Clupeidae: Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, Harengula clupeola
Engraulidae: Anchoa hepsetus, A. parva
Ariidae: Bagre marinus
Belonidae: Strongylura notata, S. timucu
Atherinidae: Chriodorus atherinoides
Syngnathidae: Oostethus brachyurus, Pseudo phallus midi
Centropomidae: Centropomus ensiferus, C. parallelus, C. pectinatus, C. undecimalis
Carangidae: Caranx hippos, C. latus
Lutjanidae: Lutjanus apodus, L. griseus, L. jocu
Gerreidae: Diapterus auratus, Eucinostomus argenteus, E. gula, Eugerres plumieri, Gerres
cinereus
Haemulidae: Pomadasys crocro
Mugilidae: Agonostomus monticola, Joturus pichardi, Mugil cephalus, M. curema,
M. hospes, M. liza, M. trichodon
Eleotridae: Dormitator maculatus, Eleotris pisonis, Gobiomorus dormitor, Guavina gua-
vina
Gobiidae: Awaous tajasica, Gobiodes broussoneti, Gobionellus boleosoma, G. pseudofasci-
ata, G. spes, Lophogobius cyprinoides, Sic ydium plumieri
Gobiesocidae: Gobiesox nudus
Soleidae: Trinectes inscriptus
Tetraodontidae: Sphoeroides testudineus
Rivulidae: Rivulus marmoratus
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -5
TABLE 3. Established exotic species.
Species
Dorosoma petenense
Carassius aura tus
Barbus conch onius
Pimephales promelas
Ictalurus catus
Ictalurus nebulosus
Ictalurus punctatus
Gambusia affinis
Poecilia helleri
Poecilia maculatus
Poecilia reticulata
Lepomis auritus
Lepomis gulosus
Lepomis macrochirus
Lepomis microlophus
Micro pterus coosae
Micro pterus salmoides
Astronotus ocellatus
Cichla ocellaris
Tilapia aurea
Tilapia honorum
Tilapia mossambica
Tilapia nilotica
Tilapia rendalli
Where found
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Hispaniola, Puerto Rico
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico
Jamaica, Puerto Rico
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Wiley's (1976. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 64:1-111) elevation of
Atractosteus to generic status in the A. tristoechus account, rather than relegat-
ing it to the subgeneric level as was done in the 1980 checklist.
R. FRANZ
G. H. BURGESS
Florida State Museum
Gainesville
August 1983
Supplement 1983-6 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Atractosteus tristoechus (Bloch and
Schneider)
Cuban gar or Manjuari
Order Lepisosteiformes
Family Lepisosteidae
TYPELOCALITY: Cuba (Bloch and
Schneider 1801. Systema Ichthyologiae Iconi-
bus CX Illustratum, 1-584).
SYSTEMATICS: Atractosteus elevated to
generic level by Wiley (1976. Univ. Kans.
Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Pub!. 64:1-111); consi-
dered a subgenus of Lepisosteus by Suttkus
(1963. Order Lepisostei, in Mem. Sears Found.
Mar. Res. 1[3]:61-88). Other extant Atractos-
teus are tropicus and spatula, the latter con-
sidered most closely related to tristoechus by
Wiley (1976).
Cuba: ca. 85 mm SL (Wiley
1977).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known
only from western Cuba and Isle of Pines,
especially Cienaga de Zapata, Cuba. Inhabits
rivers and lakes (Alayo 1973. Torreia 29:1-
55).
BIOLOGY: Grows to about 30 cm at end of
first year. Young are fed on by introduced
Micropterus salmoides. Feeds on fishes and
birds (Wiley in Fishes 1978. W. Fischer [ed.];
FAO Species Identification Sheets, Central
Western Atlantic, Vol. 3).
ADULTSIZE: Female, 470 mm; 2000 mm
maximum.

Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Supplement 1983-7
Lucifuga dent atus (Poey)
Toothed Cuban cusk-eel
TYPE LOCALITY: Cave of Cajio, 8.4 km s
of La Guira de Melena, Cuba (Poey 1861.
Memorias Sobre la Historia Natural de la
Isla de Cuba 2:95-114).
SYSTEMATICS: Subfamily Brosomophy-
cinae, subgenus Stygicola (Cohen and Nielson
1978. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 417: 1-
72). Closest relative is L. spelaeotes, endemic
to New Providence Island, Bahamas (Cohen
and Robins 1970. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
83:133-44).
Order Ophidiiformes
Family Bythitidae
Cuba (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: In
numerous caves in southern Cuba, frequently
syntopically with L. subterraneus. Water in
these sink-hole limestone caves is usually
covered with a crust of carbonate of lime due
to evaporation and discharge of carbon diox-
ide from the surface of the still water
(Eigenmann 1902. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm.
[1903] 22:213-36).
ADULT SIZE: Male 152 mm maximum,
female 120 mm maximum.
BIOLOGY: Viviparous. Food includes ciro-
lanid isopods (Eigernmann 1902). Males usu-
ally larger than females.
Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
Supplement 1 9 8 3 -8
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Lucifuga spelaeotes Cohen and Robins
New Providence cusk-eel
TYPE LOCALITY: Mermaid's Pool, a lime-
stone sink near Nassau, New Providence
Island, Bahamas (Cohen and Robins 1970.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 83:133-44).
SYSTEMATICS: Subfamily Brosmophy-
cinae, tribe Brosmophycini, subgenus Stygic-
ola (Cohen and Nielsen 1978. NOAA Tech.
Rep. NMFS Circ. 417: 1-72). Most primitive
member of the genus; closest relative is the
Cuban endemic L. dentatus (Cohen and Rob-
ins 1970).
Order Ophidiiformes
Family Bythitidae
New Providence Island near
Nassau. 109 mm SL (NCSM).
BAHAMAS
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: A sin-
gle limestone sink on New Providence Island,
Bahamas. Vegetation surrounding the sink is
predominantly pine and scrub growth; water
level is several feet below the surface and
represents the exposed water table. Salinity
one meter below surface measured 4.6 ppt
(Cohen and Robins 1970).
ADULT SIZE: Male 109 mm SL (holotype).
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -9
Lucifuga subterraneus Poey
Cuban cusk-eel
TYPE LOCALITY: Caves of San Antonio in
southern Cuba (Poey 1861. Memorias Sobre
la Historia Natural de la Isla de Cuba
2:95-114).
SYSTEMATICS: Subfamily Brosmophy-
cinae, tribe Brosmophycini, subgenus Lucif-
uga (Cohen and Nielsen 1978. NOAA Tech.
Rep. NMFS Circ. 417: 1-72). Most specialized
member of the genus (Cohen and Robins 1970.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 83:133-44).
Order Ophidiiformes
Family Bythitidae
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: A
number of caves in southern Cuba, where
frequently found syntopically with L. denta-
tus. The caves are sink-holes formed by solu-
tion of underlying limestone. Water is usu-
ally covered with a crust of carbonate of lime
due to evaporation and discharge of carbon
dioxide from the surface of the still water
(Eigenmann 1902. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm.
[1903] 22:213-36).
ADULT SIZE: Male, 94 mm maximum,
female, 93 mm maximum.
BIOLOGY: Viviparous; a 65 mm female
contained four 20 mm young. Food includes
cirolanid isopods (Eigenmann 1902). Females
usually larger than males.
Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
Supplement 1 9 8 3 -1 0 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Gambusia beebei Myers
Miragoane gambusia
TYPELOCALITY: Etang de Miragoane,
sw end of lake, from Aux Cayes Road, Haiti
(Myers 1935. Zoologica 10:301-16).
SYSTEMATICS: Gambusia punctata species
group (Rivas 1963. Copeia: 331-47; Rosen and
Bailey 1963. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 126:1-
176). More closely related to G. pseudopunc-
tata than to other members of the G. punc-
tata group (Rivas 1969. Copeia: 778-95).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Haiti: Lake Miragoane, male,
32 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Appar-

BIOLOGY: Unknown.
ently endemic to Etang de Miragoane in the
central portion of the Tiburon Peninsula, in
southwestern Haiti (Rivas 1969).
ADULTSIZE: Males 26-33 mm SL, females Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
32-59 mm SL. ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -1 1
Gambusia dominicensis Regan
Dominican gambusia
TYPE LOCALITY: "Haiti" (Regan 1913.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1 977-1018).
SYSTEMATICS: Gambusia nobilis species
group (Fink 1971. Publ. Gulf Coast Res. Lab
Mus. 2:47-77). Only member of this species
group in the West Indies. Known only from
the type series.
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Haiti: Male 20 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Un-
known. Despite extensive collecting in His-
paniola the species has not been re-collected.
It is not known for sure that the type series
actually originated from Hispaniola.
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
ADULT SIZE: The original series consisted
of a female 53 mm SL and two males, each Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
25 mm TL. ary 1983.
Supplement 1 9 8 3 -1 2 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Gambusia his paniolae Fink
Hispaniolan gambusia
TYPE LOCALITY: Source Trou-Caiman,
Cul-de-Sac Plain, Dept. de l'Quest, Haiti (Fink
1971. Publ. Gulf Coast Res. Lab. Mus. 2:
47-77).
SYSTEMATICS: In G. nicaraguensis spe-
cies group (Fink 1971).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Haiti: Source Trou-Caiman,
Cul-de-Sac Plain, Dept. de
l'Ouest, male 27 mm SL
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Fresh-
water habitats in central Haiti and southw-
est Dominican Republic. Common in springs
entering the large brackish and salt water
lakes in the Cul-de-Sac and Valle-de-Neiba
plains. Fink (1971) speculated that G. hispa-
niolae replaced G. beebei, and G. pseudopunc-
tata throughout most of the island which
resulted in the confinement of the latter spe-
cies to the Tiburon Peninsula.
ADULT SIZE: Males 18.1-29.8 mm SL,
females 19.7-51.8 mm SL.
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -1 3
Gambusia mela pleura (Gosse)
Striped gambusia
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
TYPE LOCALITY: "Bluefields, Jamaica"
(Gosse 1851. A. Naturalists's Sojourn in
Jamaica).
SYSTEMATICS: Gambusia nicaraguensis
species group (Fink 1971. Publ. Gulf Coast
Res. Lab. Mus. 2:47-77). Gambusia melapleura
closely related to G. wrayi, and one may be
the ancestral stock of the other (Fink 1971).
Jamaica: Bluefields River
male, 34 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known
only from Bluefields River at Old Rest House
and from the headwaters spring of the
Shrewsberry River, about 12 km northeast of
Savanna la Mar (Fink 1971).
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
ADULT SIZE: Males 20.9-34.2 mm SL, Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
females 25.4-59.1 mm SL. ary 1983.
Supplement 1983-14
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Gambusia pseudo punctata Rivas
Tiburon Peninsula gambusia
TYPE LOCALITY: Spring at Roseau, 15
km e of Jeremie, Dept. du Sud, Haiti (Rivas
1969. Copeia: 778-95).
SYSTEMATICS: In G. punctata species
group (Rosen and Bailey 1963. Bull. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist. 126:1-176; Rivas 1963. Copeia:
331-47). Closely related to G. beebei (Rivas
1969).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Haiti: Spring at Roseaux, male,
31 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known BIOLOGY: Unknown.
only from springs and clear streams in the
western half of the Tiburon Peninsula from
Les Cayes west, Dept. du Sud, Haiti.
ADULT SIZE: Males 22-32 mm SL, females Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
31-55 mm SL. ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -1 5
Gambusia punctata Poey
Cuban gambusia
TYPELOCALITY: Havana, Cuba (Poey
1854. Memorias Sobre la Historia de la Isle
de Cuba 1:374-92).
SYSTEMATICS: Gantbusia punctata species
group (Rivas 1963. Copeia:331-47; Rosen and
Bailey 1963. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 126:1-
176). Closely related to G. rhizophorae (Rivas
1969. Copeia:778-95). Isle of Pines populations
show no geographic differentiation from those
of the Cuban mainland (Rivas 1969).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Cuba: Province of Havana,
Arroyo Hondo, male, 35 mm
SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Abun-
dant in freshwater ponds, lakes, and streams
of Cuba and Isle of Pines. Usually occurs in
schools, close to shore. Prefers stagnant or
slow-flowing streams, although may be found
in mountain streams at elevations up to 600
m (Rivas 1969).
BIOLOGY: Carnivorous surface feeder.
Sympatric, but not syntopic with northwest
Cuban populations of G. rhizophorae; sym-
patric and syntopic with G. puncticulata
throughout Cuba and Isle of Pines.
ADULTSIZE: Males 30-48 mm SL, females

Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
39-70 mm SL.

ary 1983.
Supplement 1 9 8 3 -1 6 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Gambusia puncticulata Poey
Caribbean gambusia
TYPE LOCALITY: Havana, Cuba (Poey
1854. Memorias Sobre la Historia Natural de
la Isla de Cuba 1:374-92).
SYSTEMATICS: Fink (1971. Publ. Gulf
Coast Res. Lab. Mus. 2:17-22) provided an
extensive account of this species. Six subspe-
cies recognized: G. p. puncticulata (Poey
1854), G. p. yucatana (Regan 1914. Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. [Ser. 8] 14:65-67), G. p. manni
(Hubbs 1927. Copeia: 61-65), G. p. oucnert
(Rivas 1944. Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club 23:41-
53), G. p. baracoana (Rivas 1944), and G. p.
monticola (Rivas 1971. Publ. Gulf Coast Res.
Lab. Mus. 2:5-9).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Cuba: Prov. of Oriente, Rio
Jicoteu, male 27 mm SL
(NCSM).
Modified from Fink 1971.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: In
fresh, brackish and salt waters in coastal and
lowland areas. Gambusia p. puncticulata
occurs throughout Cuba, Isle of Pines,
Jamaica, Cayman Islands, and Bahamas; G.
p. manni in two lakes on New Providence
Island in the Bahamas; G. p. yucatana from
near Coatzacoalcos in Veracruz (Mexico) to
the outer parts of Yucatan, the Lake Peten
region of Guatemala and northern Belize; G.
p. bucheri from Jicotea in the Moa River sys-
tem in Oriente Province, Cuba; G. p. bara-
coana in a backwater lagoon near the mouth
of the Rio Baracoa on the northeast coast of
Cuba; and G. p. monticola from the Rio Yao
of the Rio Cauto system in southeastern Cuba.
ADULT SIZE: Males 13.3-35.8 mm SL,
females 17.0-54.7 mm SL.
BIOLOGY: Information available in Krum-
holz (1963. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 48:201-56),
Hubbs and Miller (1942. Occas. Pap. Mus.
Zool. Univ. Mich. 458:1-12), and Breder (1934.
Am. Mus. Novit. 719:1-3; 1934. Zoologica
18:57-88).
Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Supplement 1983-17
TYPE LOCALITY: "Jamaica" (Regan 1913.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 11:977-1018).
Gambusia wrayi Regan
Wray's gambusia
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
SYSTEMATICS: Belongs to the G. nicara-
guensis species group (Fink 1971. Publ. Gulf
Coast Res. Lab. Mus. 2:47-77).
Jamaica: Male 31 mm SL
( NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Occurs
in freshwater habitats on Jamaica, particu-
larly in the southern drainages; replaced in
brackish and salt-water areas by G. p. punc-
ticulata, although both occasionally occur
together (Fink 1971).
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
ADULT SIZE: Males 16.2-32.2 mm SL, Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
females 21.0-56.4 mm SL. ary 1983.
Supplement 1983-18 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Gambusia xanthosoma Greenfield
Cayman gambusia
TYPELOCALITY: Mosquito control ditch
(Herringbone system 25) constructed along a
road opposite the Taraquin Manor at West
Bay, Grand Cayman Island, BWI (Greenfield
1983. Copeia 1983:457-464).
SYSTEMATICS: Greenfield (1983) provided
comparisons between G. xanthosoma and
several other species of Gambusia. He did not
assign this species to any species group since
he considered such placement premature at
this time.
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Grand Cayman Island: Male
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type

BIOLOGY: Unknown.
locality. Water temperature in the ditch was
32C; salinity was 30%.
ADULTSIZE: Males 22.8-34.4 mm SL;

Compilers: R. Franz and G. H. Burgess,
females 23.0-35.8 mm SL.

August 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Supplement 1983-19
Girardinus creolus Garman
Creole topminnow
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeeiliidae
TYPELOCALITY: Cuba (Garman 1895.
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 19:1-179).
SYSTEMATICS: Closely related to G. ser-
ripenis (Rivas 1958. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.
102:281-320).
Cuba: Pinar del Rio Province,
male 28 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Prefers BIOLOGY: Food includes algae, aquatic
pools and areas along banks of swift, clear, plants, and occasionally insect larvae (Rivas
cool, well-oxygenated highland streams in 1558).
southern drainages of Sierra de los Organos
(30-150 m elevation), Pinar del Rio Province,
Cuba. Midwater swimmers, never at the sur-
face and seldom on the bottom, over hard
substrates composed of smooth rocks, gravel,
or sand (mostly from Rivas 1958).
ADULTSIZE: Males to 44 mm SL, females Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
to 70 mm SL. ary 1983.
Supplement 1 9 8 3 -20 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Girardinus cubensis (Eigenmann)
Cuban topminnow
TYPE LOCALITY: Los Palacios, Pinar del
Rio Province, Cuba (Eigenmann 1903. Bull
U.S. Fish Comm. [1902] 22:211-36).
SYSTEMATICS: Considered ancestral to G.
denticulatus, G. metallicus, G. microdactylus,
G. falcatus, and G. uninotatus (Rivas 1958.
Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 102:281-320).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Cuba: Pinar del Rio Province,
male, 24.5 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Prefers
stagnant water in ponds, lakes, and streams
in southern drainage of Sierra de los Orga-
nos (15-150 m elevation), Pinar del Rio Pro-
vince, Cuba. Occurs in midwater and on the
bottom, seldom at the surface, over soft bot-
toms, frequently with abundant aquatic
vegetation (Rivas 1958).
ADULT SIZE: Males to 26 mm SL, females
to 46 mm SL.
BIOLOGY: Feeds on the bottom and in
aquatic vegetation mostly by scraping and
sucking algae, mud, detritus, and occasion-
ally insect larvae (Rivas 1958).
Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -21
TYPE LOCALITY: Remedios, Cuba (Gar-
man 1895. Mem. Mug. Comp. Zoo!. 19:1-179).
Girardinus denticulatus Garman
Toothy topminnow
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeeiliidae
SYSTEMATICS: Rivas (1958. Proc. Am.
Philos. Soc. 102:281-320) recognized the sub-
species G. d. denticulatus and G. d. ramscleni
(1944. Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club 23:41-53).
Cuba: Oriente Province, Rio
Rancho Nueva, male, 38 mm
SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Typi-
cal subspecies occurs in central and eastern
Cuba, except Rio Guaso and Rio Yateras in
southeastern drainages of Sierra Maestra,
Oriente Province, where it is replaced by G.
d. ramsdeni. Found in ponds, lakes, and
streams but prefers clear sluggish streams.
BIOLOGY: Feeds on the bottom and on
aquatic vegetation, scraping and sucking
diatoms, algae, detritus, mud., and occasion-
ally insect larvae (Rivas 1958).
ADULT SIZE: Males to 50 mm SL, females Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
to 93 mm SL. ary 1983.
Supplement 1983-22
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Girardinus falcatus (Eigenmann)
Goldbelly topminnow
TYPE LOCALITY: San Cristobal, Pinar del
Rio Province, Cuba (Eigenmann 1903. Bull.
U.S. Fish Comm. [1902] 22:211-36).
SYSTEMATICS: Closely related to G. uni-
notatus (Rivas 1958. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.
102:281-320).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Cuba: male (NCSM, from
Eigenmann 1903).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: In
ponds, lakes, and lowland streams (2-150,
usually less than 30, m elevation) of central
and western Cuba and Isle of Pines (Rivas
1958). Prefers stagnant water over muddy
substrate with abundant aquatic vegetation.
BIOLOGY: Feeds by gnawing and biting on
diatoms, algae, leaves of aquatic plants,
detritus, and occasionally insect larvae (Rivas
1958).
ADULT SIZE: Males to 37 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
to 85 mm SL. ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-23
Girardinus metallicus Poey
Metallic topminnow
TYPE LOCALITY: Jardin Botanico, Habana
Province, Cuba (Poey 1854. Memorias Sobre
la Historia Natural de la Isle de Cuba 1:374-
92).
SYSTEMATICS: Closely related to G.
microdactylus (Rivas 1958. Proc. Am. Philos.
Soc. 102:281-320).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Cuba: Province of Havana,
male, 28 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Ponds,
lakes, and streams throughout Cuba, except
easternmost area at 200-300 m elevation.
Thrives best in clear, stagnant, or very slug-
gish water (Rivas 1958).
BIOLOGY: Feeds by scraping and sucking
diatoms, algae, detritus, mud, and occasion-
ally insect larvae from the bottom and from
aquatic vegetation (Rivas 1958).
ADULT SIZE: Males to 45 mm SL, females

Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-

to 79 mm SL.

ary 1983.
Supplement 1983-24 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Girardinus microdactylus Rivas
Smallfinger topminnow
TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Taco Taco, Jardin
de Blain. Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba (Rivas
1944. Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club 23:41-53).
SYSTEMATICS: Closely related to G.
metallicus (Rivas 1958. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.
102:281-320).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Cuba: Pinar del Rio Province,
male, 29 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Occurs
in pools and along banks, occasionally in swift
water, in highland streams of the southern
drainage of the Sierra de los Organos (15-150
m elevation), western Cuba and Isle of Pines.
Midwater and bottom swimmers occasionally
at or near the surface; sensitive to high chlo-
rine content and warm, turbid, poorly oxy-
genated, stagnant water.
ADULT SIZE: Males to 33 mm SL, females
to 63 mm SL.
BIOLOGY: Food consists of diatoms, algae,
detritus, mud, and occasionally insect larvas
(Rivas 1958).
Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -25
TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Taco Taco at Ran-
gel, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba (Rivas 1958.
Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 102:281-320).
Girardinus serripenis Rivas
Serrated topminnow
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
SYSTEMATICS: Most primitive member of
the genus and most closely related to G. creo-
lus (Rivas 1958).
Cuba: Pinar del Rio Province,
male, 31 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Occurs
in headwater streams of the Rio Taco Taco
(245 to 300 m elevation), Pinar del Rio Pro-
vince, Cuba. Apparently isolated from down-
stream populations of poeciliid fishes by a
series of water falls, totaling about 90 m,
which are impassible to fishes (Rivas 1958).
BIOLOGY: Feeds by gnawing, biting,
scraping, and sucking on algae, aquatic
plants, detritus, and rarely insect larvae
(Rivas 1958).
ADULT SIZE: Males 27-36 mm SL, females Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
to 60 mm SL. ary 1983.
Supplement 1 9 8 3 -26 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Girardinus uninotatus Poey
Singlespot topminnow
TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Taco Taco, Pinar
del Rio Province, Cuba (Poey 1860. Memorias
Sobre la Historia Natural de la Isla de Cuba,
acompanadas Sumarios Latinos y
Extractos en Frances 2:115-356).
SYSTEMATICS: Two subspecies recognized
by Rivas (1958. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.
102:281-320): G. u. uninotatus and G. U. tor-
ralbasi.
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Cuba: Pinar del Rio, male, 33
mm (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Prefers
pools and areas along banks occasionally in
swift water, in streams of southern and
northwestern drainages of the Sierra de los
Organos (30 to 150 m elevation) in western
Cuba. Girardinus u. uninotatus occurs from
the Rio Guama east; G. u. torralbasi from the
Rio Guama west (Rivas 1958).
ADULT SIZE: Males to 47 mm SL, females
to 84 mm SL.
BIOLOGY: Feeds by gnawing or biting on
aquatic vegetation, thus ingesting diatoms,
algae, leaves of plants, detritus, and occa-
sionally larval insects.
Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES . Supplement 1 9 8 3 -27
Limia caymanensis Rivas and Fink
Grand Cayman limia
TYPELOCALITY: Coastal lagoon, 3.2 km
w of Old Man Bay, Grand Cayman Island,
West Indies (Rivas and Fink 1970. Copeia:
270-74).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia (Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38). Rosen and
Bailey (1963. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.
126:1-176) relegated genus Limia to subge-
nus of Poecilia; however, Rivas (1978. Nor-
theast Gulf Sci. 2:98-112) presented evidence
for maintaining as valid genus. Closely
related to L. vi,ttata of Cuba (Rivas and Fink
1970).
Order
Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Grand Cayman Island: West of
Old Man Bay, male, 28 mm SL
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known
from Grand Cayman Island, but not from the
other Cayman Islands. In brackish water in
mangrove coastal lagoons and fresh water in
limestone depressions (Rivas and Fink 1970).
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
ADULTSIZE: Males to 28.2 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
31.8 mm SL.
ary 1983.
Supplement 1 9 8 3 -28 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Limia dominicensis (Valenciennes)
Tiburon Peninsula limia
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
TYPE LOCALITY: Haiti, Santo Domingo
(Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes.
1846. Histoire NatureIle des Poissons
18:1-503).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia (Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
Haiti: Creek 3 miles n. of Camp
Pekin, male 26 mm SL
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Streams BIOLOGY: Unknown
of the southern slope of Tiburon Peninsula,
southwestern Haiti.
ADULT SIZE: Males to 26 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
to 27 mm SL. ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICANFRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-29
Limia fuscomaculata Rivas
Blotched limia
TYPE LOCALITY: Southwest bight of Lake
Miragoane, Dept. de l'Ouest, Haiti (Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Odontolimia
(Rivas 1980).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Haiti: Lake Miragoane, female,
32 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Re-

BIOLOGY: Unknown.
stricted to Etang de Miragoane, in south-
western Haiti (Rivas 1980).
ADULT SIZE: 26.4-39.0 mm SL (females

Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-

only).

ary 1983.
Supplement 1983-30

ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES

Limia garnieri Rivas
Garnier's limia
TYPE LOCALITY: Northern end of Lake
Miragoane, Dept. de l'Ouest, Haiti (Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Odontolimia
(Rivas 1980).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Haiti: North end of Lake
Miragoane, male, 26 mm SL
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Re- BIOLOGY: Unknown.
stricted to Etang de Miragoane in south-
western Haiti (Rivas 1980).
ADULT SIZE: Only male 26.0 mm SL, only Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
female 28.8 mm SL. ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -3 1
Limia grossidens Rivas
Largetooth limia
TYPE LOCALITY: North end, Lake Mira-
goane, Dept. de l'Ouest, Haiti (Rivas 1980.
Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Odontolimia
(Rivas 1980).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Haiti: Lake Miragoane male, 48
mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Re- BIOLOGY: Unknown.
stricted to Etang de Miragoane, in south-
western Haiti (Rivas 1980).
ADULT SIZE: Males 27.5-39.2 mm SL, Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
females 29.6-39.5 mm SL. ary 1983.
Supplement 1983-32 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Limia immaculata Rivas
Plain limia
TYPE LOCALITY: North end of Lake
Miragoane, Dept. de l'Ouest, Haiti (Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Odontolimia
(Rivas 1980).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Haiti: North end of Lake
Miragoane, male, 21 mm SL
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Re- BIOLOGY: Unknown.
stricted to Etang de Miragoane, in south-
western Haiti (Rivas 1980).
ADULT SIZE: Species known only from one
male 21.3 mm SL, three females 23.9-37.7
mm SL.
Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-33
Limia melanogaster (Gunther)
Blackbelly limia
TYPE LOCALITY: Unspecified locality in
Jamaica (Gunther 1866. Catalogue of the
Fishes in the British Museum 6:1-368).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia (Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38). Limia
melanogaster is considered the only valid
species of the genus Limia in Jamaica. Limia
caudofasciata is synonym of L. melanogaster.
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Jamaica: Spring at town of
Black River, male 38 mm SL
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Streams BIOLOGY: Unknown
in southern and western Jamaica.
ADULT SIZE: Males to 40 mm SL, females Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
to 50 mm SL.
ary 1983.
Supplement 1983-34 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Limia melanonotata Nichols and
Myers
Blackbanded limia
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
TYPE LOCALITY: Las Lajas, on Etang
Saumatre, Santo Domingo (Haiti) (Nichols
and Myers 1923. Am. Mus. Novit. No. 79).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia ( Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
1'
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Lower BIOLOGY: Unknown.
Artibonite system, and streams, springs, and
lakes in the Cul de Sac/Valle de Neiba Plain,
Haiti; and southwestern Dominican Republic.
ADULT SIZE: Males to 50 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
to 60 mm SL. ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-35
Limia miragoanensis Rivas
Miragoane limia
TYPE LOCALITY: North end of Lake Mira-
goane, Dept. de l'Ouest, Haiti (Rivas 1980.
Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Odontolimia
(Rivas 1980).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Haiti: North end of Lake
Miragoane, male, 30 mm SL
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Re- BIOLOGY: Unknown
stricted to Etang de Miragoane, in south-
western Haiti (Rivas 1980).
ADULT SIZE: Males 23.3-30.2 mm SL, Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
females 22.5-39.6 mm SL. ary 1983.
Supplement 1 9 8 3 -3 6 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Limia nigrofasciata Regan
Humpback limia
TYPE LOCALITY: Miragoane, Haiti
( Regan 1913. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
11:977-1018).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia (Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Haiti: Etang de Miragoane
male, 38 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Re-
stricted to Etang de Miragoane, in south-
western Haiti. Only member of the subgenus
Limia known to occur syntopically with
members of the other subgenus Odarttolimia.
Usually lives in large schools over a variety
of bottom types; young hide in vegetation.
ADULT SIZE: Males to 52 mm SL, females
to 51 mm SL.
BIOLOGY: In aquaria, individuals (particu-
larly older males) are sensitive to water
changes, appearing to prefer constant tem-
peratures between 24-26C with good oxyge-
nation and water circulation. Territorial
males very aggressive toward each other,
females usually not aggressive. Females pro-
duce 15-30 large young (up to 13 mm) per
delivery. Adults cannibalistic on the young
(Sorensen 1974. Trop. Fish Hobbyist
23:37-45).
Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-37
TYPE LOCALITY: "Haiti" (Regan 1913.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 11:977-1018).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Odontolimia
(Rivas 1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
Limia ornata Regan
Ornate limia
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Haiti: Etang de Miragoane
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: En- BIOLOGY: Unknown.
demic to Etang de Miragoane, in south-
western Haiti (Rivas 1980).
ADULT SIZE: Males to 40 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
to 45 mm SL.
ary 1983.
Supplement 1983-38 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Limia pauciradiata Rivas
Few-rayed limia
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
TYPE LOCALITY: Grand Riviere du Nord
at town of Grand Riviere, Dept. du Nord,
Haiti (Rivas 1980. Northeast Gulf Sci.
4:28-38).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia ( Rivas
1980).
Haiti: Grand Riviere du Nord
at Grand Riviere, male, 35 mm
SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known BIOLOGY: Unknown.
only from Grand Riviere du Nord, in north-
eastern Haiti (Rivas 1980).
ADULT SIZE: Males 20.3-35.0 mm SL, Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
females 33.0-51.8 mm SL. ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-39
Lim ia p e r u g ia e ( Evermann and
Clark)
Perugia's limia
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
TYPELOCALITY: San Francisco Moun-
tains, Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)
(Evermann and Clark 1906. Proc. U.S. Natl.
Mus. 3:851-55).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia (Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
,. . ,- - ,- - ; - - - - - ,. : .
**,
14 t
t, I : A 4 . 1 .
#' . 7" - -- . Cg : . . - - - : .
-
. . .
:f..4' '
. .
:
4?
- -. ......
- -
esrici ....--- ... .
. 1e ,- -
-
^. . It
-
71
f
o,
-
...
...:F.-..
-4
-
.A .A .--
-
4 .
..-!---.-- :.- :
, .7 . ...;, .., ' :' -..i., ..6ta.......-- -...--
-
2 4- :::. .- -
,
- :----z.

(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Streams BIOLOGY: Unknown.
of the southern slope of Dominican Republic.
ADULTSIZE: Males to 30 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
to 50 mm SL. ary 1983.
Supplement 1983-40 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Limia rivasi Franz and Burgess
Rivas's limia
TYPE LOCALITY: Tidal creek in a red
mangrove swamp, 1 km se of Anse a Galet,
La Gonave Island, Dept. of L'Ouest, Haiti.
(Franz and Burgess 1983. Northeast Gulf
Sci. 6:51-54).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia in the
dominicensis species group (Franz and Bur-
gess 1983).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Haiti: La Gonave Island male,
19.5 mm SL. (Franz and
Burgess 1983).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known
only from the type locality, but suspected to
occur in other mangrove areas on the island,
and possibly on the adjacent mainland. Orig-
inal specimens were retrieved from "a shal-
low tidal creek in a red mangrove swamp as
the tide was receding. Immature specimens
of Cyprinodon cf. variegatus were associated
with Limia rivasi at the site. Fishes were
collected in 5-10 cm deep water over organic
mud. Springs originating in the adjacent
limestone bluff may have contributed some
freshwater to the tidal stream." (Franz and
Burgess 1983).
ADULT SIZE: 17-31 mm SL.
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
Compilers: R. Franz and G. H. Burgess. Jan-
uary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Supplement 1983-41
Limia sulphurophilia Rivas
Sulfur limia
TYPELOCALITY: Balneario (spa) La
Zurza, sulfur spring 5 km wnw Duverge,
Province Independencia, Dominican Repub-
lic (Rivas 1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia (Rivas
1980).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Dominican Republic: Balneario
La Zurza near Duverge, male,
32 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known

BIOLOGY: Unknown.
only from the type locality (Rivas 1980).
ADULTSIZE: Males 25.0-39.2 mm SL,

Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
females 33.4-42.7 mm SL.

ary 1983.
Supplement 1 9 8 3 -42
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Limia tridens (Hilgendorf)
Trident limia
Order Cyprinodontiforrnes
Family Poeciliidae
TYPE LOCALITY: Port-au-Prince, Haiti
( Hilgendorf 1889. Sitzber. Gesell. Naturf. Fr.
Berlin 2:51-55).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia (Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
Haiti: Dept. du Sud, Maniche,
male 28 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Lower
Artibonite system, lakes, streams and springs
Cul de Sac! Valle de Neiba Plain, and streams
of both slopes of Tiburon Peninsula, south-
western Haiti.
BIOLOGY: Unknown
ADULT SIZE: Males to about 30 mm SL. Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-43
Limia versicolor (Gunther)
Varicolored limia
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
TYPE LOCALITY: Santo Domingo
(Dominican Republic) (Gunther 1866. Cata-
logue of the Fishes in the British Museum
6:1-368).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia (Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38). (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Rio BIOLOGY: Unknown.
Haina, and streams of southern slope of
Dominican Republic.
ADULT SIZE: Males 24-33 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
32-45 mm SL. ary 1983.
Supplement 1983- 44 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Limia vittata (Guichenot)
Cuban limia
TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba (Guichenot in
Ramon de la Sagra, D. 1853. Histoire Phy-
sique, Politique et NatureIle de l'Lle de Cuba
2:1-206).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus LAntia (Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Streams,
lakes, estuaries, coastal lagoons, and man-
grove swamps throughout Cuba and Isle of
Pines.
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
ADULT SIZE: Males to 50 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
to 70 mm SL. ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-45
Limia yaguajali Rivas
Yaguajal limia
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Yaguajal at Santi-
ago Rodriguez (Sabaneta), Province Santiago
Rodriquez, Dominican Republic (Rivas 1980.
Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia (Rivas
1980).
Dominican Republic: Rio
Yaguajal at Sabaneta, male, 34
mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Rio
Yaguajal, a tributary of Rio Yaque del Norte,
Dominican Republic. A series from Riviere
du Limbe at Limbe, Dept. du Nord, in north-
eastern Haiti may also be referred to this
species (Rivas 1980).
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
ADULT SIZE: Males 23.0-37.5 mm SL, Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
females 32.0-50.6 mm SL. ary 1983.
Supplement 1983-46 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Limia zonata (Nichols)
Striped limia
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
TYPE LOCALITY: Railroad station at
Sanchez, Samana, Santo Domingo (Dominican
Republic) (Nichols 1915. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist. 34:603-04).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia (Rivas
1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38). Limia
nicholsi considered synonym of L. zonata. (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Streams BIOLOGY: Unknown.
of Samana Peninsula and northern slope of
Dominican Republic.
ADULT SIZE: Males 25-30 mm SL, females
28-32 mm SL.
Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-47
Poecilia dominicensis (Evermann and
Clark)
Dominican molly
TYPE LOCALITY: San Francisco Moun-
tains, 64 km from Santo Domingo city, Santo
Domingo (Dominican Republic) (Evermann
and Clark 1906. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus.
30:851-55).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Poecilia. Rosen
and Bailey (1963. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.
126:1-176) synonymized Mollienisia, Platy-
poecilus, Limia,, and other related genera with
Poecilia and retained Limia as a subgenus.
Under this consolidation, Platypoecilus
dominicensis became a junior homonym of
Limia dominicensis; therefore, Rosen and
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Dominican Republic: Rio Camu,
male, 26 mm SL (NCSM).
Bailey (1963) established the substitute name
montana for Platypoecilus dominicensis. Rivas
(1978. Northeast Gulf Sci. 2:98-112) restored
Limia to generic status and reinstated the
specific name dominicensis according to
Article 59 (c) of the International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Rio
Massacre to Rio Yuna systems in northern
Dominican Republic and from the headwat-
ers of the Rio Haina and Rio Ozama. Prefers
sluggish water over sandy or muddy bottom
(Rivas 1978).
ADULT SIZE: Males 20-27 mm SL, females
23-52 mm SL.
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
ary 1983.
Supplement 1983-48 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Poecilia elegans (Trewavas)
Elegant molly
TYPE LOCALITY: Jarabocoa, Dominican
Republic (Trewavas 1948. Proc. Zoo!. Soc.
Lond. 118:408-15).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Poecilia (Rosen
and Bailey 1963. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.
126:1-176).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeeiliidae
Dominican Republic: Rio del
Norte Jarabocoa, male 33.0 mm
SL (F SM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Swift
headwater streams in Rio Nizao, Rio Yaque
del Norte, and Rio Yuna drainages from 170
to 840 m (elevation), LaVega and Peravia
provinces, Dominican Republic. Occurs syn-
topically with P. daminicensis and P. hispa-
niolana at several localities.
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
ADULT SIZE: Males 27-36 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
27-46 mm SL. ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-49
Poecilia his paniolana Rivas
Hispaniola molly
TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Mijo, at road from
A zua to San Juan, Province of Benefactor,
Dominican Republic (Rivas 1978. Northeast
Gulf Sci. 2:98-112).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Poecilia. Closely
related to P. dominicensis (Rivas 1978).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
Dominican Republic: Rio Yaque
del North at Jarabacoa, male
(NCSM).
HISPANIOLA
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Con-
fined to highland streams of central Hispani-
ola, on north slope from upper Trois Rivieres
and Artibonite systems of northwest Haiti to
upper Rio Yuna system of northern Domini-
can Republic, and on the south slope from the
Rio Yaque del Sur, Rio Ocoa, and a stream
emptying into Lao Enriquillo in southwest
Dominican Republic (Rivas 1978). In streams
over shallow riffles.
ADULT SIZE: Males 21-36 mm SL, females
28-59 mm SL.
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
ary 1983.
Supplement 1 9 8 3 -50 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Quintana atrizona Hubbs
Barred topminnow
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae
TYPE LOCALITY: An "aquarium bred fish,
a descendant of aquarium stock said to have
been collected in the vicinity of Baracoa,
eastern Cuba" (Hubbs 1934. Occas. Pap. Mus.
Zool. Univ. Mich. 301:1-8).
SYSTEMATICS: Monotypic genus related
to the genera Girardinus of Cuba and Carl-
hubbsia of Yucatan, Mexico; both Quintana
and Girardinus are thought to have arisen
"on Cuba from invasion of a single or of two
closely related forms" (Rosen and Bailey 1959.
Zoologica 44:1-44).
Cuba (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Small
ponds in western Cuba and the Isle of Pines;
prefers dense thickets of aquatic vegetation
(Rosen and Bailey 1963. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist. 126:1-176; Rivas 1958. Proc. Am. Phi-
los. Soc. 102:281-320; Rivas pers. observ.).
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
ADULT SIZE: Males 14.0-19.5 mm SL,
females 19.0-34.0 mm SL.
Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -51
Cyprinodon bondi Myers
Hispaniola pupfish
TYPE LOCALITY: Etang Saumatre, Haiti
(Myers 1935. Zoologica 10:301-16).
SYSTEMATICS: Relationships within the
genus uncertain. Of the nominal species des-
cribed from the West Indian region, only C.
bondi and the Bahamian C. laciniatus stand
out sharply from the C. variegatus complex
(Miller 1962. Copeia:836-37). Ordinal desig-
nation follows Parenti (1981. Bull. Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist. 168:335-557).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Cyprinodontidae
Dominican Republic: Lago
Enriguillo (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Two
Hispaniolan saline lakes: Lago Enriquillo,
Dominican Republic is hypersaline (48.9 ppt),
while Etang Saumatre, Haiti is brackish (7.4
ppt) (Woodring et al. 1924. Geology of the
Republic of Haiti).
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
ADULT SIZE: At least 66 mm SL. Compilers: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
Supplement 1983-52 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Cyprinodon laciniatus Hubbs and
Miller
Bahama pupfish
TYPE LOCALITY: Lake Cunningham, New
Providence Island, Bahamas (Hubbs and
Miller 1942. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.
Mich. 458:1-11).
SYSTEMATICS: Relationships within the
genus uncertain. Of the nominal species des-
cribed from the West Indian region, only C.
laciniatus and the Hispaniolan C. bondi stand
out sharply from the C. variegatus complex
( Miller 1962. Copeia:836-37). Ordinal desig-
nation follows Parenti (1981. Bull. Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist. 168:335-557).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Cyprinodontidae
Bahamas: New Providence
Island (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Com-
mon in marl-limestone bottom lakes on New
Providence Island, Great Bahama Bank,
Bahamas (Bohlke and Chaplin 1968. Fishes
of the Bahamas). Occurs in shallow (1.5 m or
less), brackish (10-13 ppt) waters containing
much algae in association with Gambusia
puncticulata manni (Hubbs and Miller 1942).
ADULT SIZE: Male 65.5 mm SL maximum,
female 52.0 mm SL maximum.
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
Compilers: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-53
Cyprinodon variegatus baeoni (Breder)
Bahama sheepshead minnow
TYPELOCALITY: Lake Forsyth, Andros
Island, Bahamas (Breder 1932. Amer. Mus.
Nov. 551, 8 p.).
SYSTEMATICS: Member of the variegatus
complex, which also includes the nominal
West Indian forms dearborni, jamaicensis,
riverendi, martae, and felicianus (=riverendi),
and the continental subspecies hubbsi, oviceps
and variegatus. Systematics of group badly
needs revision. Some nominal forms may
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Cyprinodontidae
(NCSM).
eventually warrant specific status, others
subspecific. The subspecific designation for
baconi follows Miller (In press. Pisces, in
Aquatic Biota of Central America, Mexico,
and the West Indies), who earlier (1962.
Copeia 1962:836-37) rejected specific status
and noted that it might emerge as a good
subspecies after study. Ordinal designation
follows Parenti (1981. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist. 168:335-557).
DISTRIBUTION ANDHABITAT: Through-
out the Bahamas, from freshwater (Lake
Forsyth) to fully marine situations (Bohlke
and Chaplin 1968. Fishes of the Bahamas).
ADULTSIZE: Grows to about half the size
of the continental U.S. C. v. variegatus, not
achieving 50 mm SL (Bohlke and Chaplin
1968).
BIOLOGY: A number of physiological, eco-
logical, and behavioral studies have been
performed on this subspecies by Breder (1934.
Zoologica 18[3]:57-88; 1959. Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist. 117:430-31), Breder and Rasquin
(1950. Science 111:10-12; 1951. Copeia 1951
[1]:95-96), Fries (1952. Copeia 1952: 147-52),
and Rosen and Gordon (1953. Zoologica
381:1-47).
Compiler: George H. Burgess, August 1982.
Supplement 1983-54

ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Cubanichthys cubensis (Eigenmann)
Cuban killifish
TYPE LOCALITY: Streams of Pinar del
Rio, Cuba (Eigenmann 1903. Bull. U.S. Fish
Comm. [1902] 22:211-36).
SYSTEMATICS: Subfamily Cubanich-
thyinae, composed of C. cubensis and C. pen-
gelleyi (Parenti 1981. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist. 168:335-557). Originally included in the
genus Fundulus by Eigenmann (1903); genus
Cubanichthys erected by Hubbs (1926. Misc.
Publ. Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool. 16:1-87). Ordi-
nal designation follows Parenti (1981).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Cyprinodontidae
Cuba (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: West-
ern Cuba and Isle of Pines (Alayo 1973. Tor-
reia 29:1-59; de la Cruz et al. 1976. Misc.
Zool. Acad. Cienc. Cuba Inst. Zool. 2:2). Taken
in freshwater to nearly totally marine situa-
tions (de la Cruz et al.1976).
ADULT SIZE: At least 45 mm.
BIOLOGY: Troemner (1932. The Aquarium
1:70,82; 1941. The Aquarium 10:129-30) first
described eggs (ca. 1 mm diameter) and
reproduction. Mayer (1933. Blatt. Aquar.-
Terrarienk. 44:375-76), Innes (1935. Exotic
Aquarium Fishes), Sterba (1962. Freshwater
Fishes of the World), and Axelrod and Vor-
derwinkler (1979. Encyclopedia of Tropical
Fishes) further discuss reproduction and
aquarium culture.
Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-55
Cubanichthys pengelleyi (Fowler)
Jamaican killifish
TYPE LOCALITY: "Jamaica" (Fowler 1939.
Not. Nat. 35:1-16). Subsequently restricted by
Foster (1969. J. Am. Killifish Assoc. 6:17-25)
to Middle Quarters Spring, south of Middle
Quarters proper, adjacent to route A-2, about
9.6 km north of Black River (town), St. Eli-
zabeth Parish, Jamaica.
SYSTEMATICS: Subfamily Cubanichthy-
inae, composed of C. pengelleyi and C. cuben-
sis (Parenti 1981. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.
168:335-557). Originally placed in the mono-
typic genus Chriopeoides by Fowler (1939).
Ordinal designation follows Parenti (1981).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Cyprinodontidae
Jamaica: Middle Quarters
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Springs
of Manchester, St. Elizabeth, and Westmore-
land parishes, southwestern Jamaica. Occurs
in shallow (1.5 m), crystal clear waters (pH
8.2; 24-26 C) with a bottom of marly sand
and some soft patches of silt. Hides among
submerged (Ceratophyllum, Potamogeton,
Najas) and floating aquatic vegetation (Fos-
ter 1969).
ADULT SIZE: Males 60 mm, females 50
MM.
BIOLOGY: Natural predators probably are
Dormitator maculatus and Eleotri,s sp. (Eleo-
tridae), and wading birds. Food includes
damselfly and dragonfly nymphs, other aqua-
tic larvae, ostracods, copepods, and snails.
Eggs 1.2-1.4 mm in diameter and hatch in
ca. 9 days (Foster 1969). Reproductive behav-
ior described by Itzkowitz (1981. Copeia:
473-74).
Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
Supplement 1983-56 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Rivulus cylindraceus Poey
Cuban rivulus
TYPE LOCALITY: Stream at Mardazo, near
Havana, Cuba (Poey 1861. Memorias Sobre
la Historia Natural de la Isla de Cuba
2:95-114).
SYSTEMATICS: Genotype relationships
within the genus discussed by Myers (1927.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 19:115-29) and Hoede-
man (1959. Stud. Fauna Suriname Guyanas
3:44-98: 1961. Bull. Aquat. Biol. 2:65-74), but
the genus is in need of review. Ordinal and
familial designations follow Parenti (1981.
Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 168:335-557).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Rivulidae
(NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Abun-
dant in rivers and lakes with clear water and
abundant vegetation throughout western
Cuba (Alayo 1973. Torreia 29:1-59).
BIOLOGY: Frequently exhibited by aquar-
ists. An abundance of aquarium-related
literature available, including summaries by
Innes (1966. Exotic Aquarium Fishes), Sterba
(1967. Freshwater Fishes of the World), and
Axelrod and Vorderwinkler (1978. Encyclo-
pedia of Tropical Fishes).
ADULT SIZE: ca. 50 mm. Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-57
Rivulus garciai de la Cruz and
Dubitsky
Matanzas rivulus
TYPE LOCALITY: Varadero, Matanzas,
Cuba (de la Cruz and Dubitsky 1976. Poeyana
155:1-6).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Rivulidae
ILLUSTRATION
NOT AVAILABLE
SYSTEMATICS: Relationships within genus
uncertain. Ordinal and familial designations
follow Parenti (1981. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist. 168:335-557).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known BIOLOGY: Unknown.
only from the holotype, taken from a brack-
ish water pool at Varadero, Matanzas, Cuba.
ADULT SIZE: Female 27 mm SL (holo-
type). Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
Supplement 1983-58 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Rivulus heyei Nichols
Saona rivulus
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Rivulidae
TYPE LOCALITY: Saona Island at eastern
extremity of Haiti (Nichols 1914. Bull. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist. 33:143-44).
SYSTEMATIC S: Specific status uncertain
since it is known only from the small, poorly
preserved holotype. Myers (1935. Zoologica
10:301-16) noted it is not well distinguished
from the Cuban R. cylindraceus. Hoedeman
(1959. Stud. Fauna Suriname Guyanas 3:44-
98; 1961. Bull. Aquat. Biol. 2:65-74) recog-
nized the species without discussion. Ordinal
and familial designations follow Parenti (1981.
Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 168:335-557).
ILLUSTRATION
NOT AVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known BIOLOGY: Unknown.
only from type locality.
ADULT SIZE: 20 mm (holotype). Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-59
Rivulus insulaepinorum de la Cruz
and Dubitsky
Isle of Pines rivulus
TYPE LOCALITY: Canals and pools of a
rice paddy, 3 km n of Cayo Piedras, La Fe,
Isle of Pines, Cuba (de la Cruz and Dubitsky
1976. Poeyana 155:1-6).
SYSTEMATICS: Relationships within the
genus unknown. Ordinal and familial desig-
nations follow Parenti (1981. Bull. Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist. 168:335-557).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Rivulidae
ILLUSTRATION
NOT AVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known
only from Isle of Pines, Cuba, where it inhab-
its permanent and temporary water situa-
tions. Prefers clean water without much
aquatic vegetation, frequenting bottoms of
small stones or course sand. Hides in the sub-
strate, often staying for considerable periods
of time. Juveniles occur in the same envir-
onment, indicating reproduction also takes
place there. Largest adults were collected in
small puddles in rice fields that had dried up
after irrigation was suspended. Species asso-
ciates include Gambusia punctata, G. punc-
ticulata and Cichlasoma tetracanthus (de la
Cruz and Duditsky 1976).
ADULT SIZE: 38 mm SL maximum.
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
Supplement 1983-60 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Rivulus roloffi Trewavas
Hispaniolan rivulus
TYPE LOCALITY: Between Ciudad Tru-
jillo (Santo Domingo) and Puerto Plata,
Dominican Republic, Hispaniola (Trewavas
1948. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 118:408-15).
SYSTEMATICS: Specific status and rela-
tionships uncertain. Hoedeman (1959. Stud.
Fauna Suriname Guyanas 3:44-98; 1961. Bull.
Aquat. Biol. 2:65-74) recognized the species
without discussion. Ordinal and familial
designations follow Parenti (1981. Bull. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist. 168:335-557).
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Rivulidae
Dominican Republic: Rio
Banilejas, 39 mm SL (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Occurs
in headwater streams in the Rio Yuna, Rio
Yaque de Norte and Rio Haina drainages of
La Vegas, Peravia and San Cristobal provin-
ces, Dominican Republic, Hispaniola. Asso-
ciates in small, sand-bottomed creeks with
fast currents include Poecilia hispaniolana,
Poecilia dominicensis and several Limia spe-
cies.
ADULT SIZE: Unknown. Maximum size ca.
40 mm TL.
BIOLOGY: Unknown.
Compilers: G. H. Burgess and R. Franz. Jan-
uary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -6 1
Ophisternon aenigmaticum Rosen and
Greenwood
Swamp eel
Order Synbranchiformes
Family Synbranchidae
TYPELOCALITY: Woodland pool ca. 13
km sw of Sebol, valley of Rio Chajmaic, Alta
Verapaz, Guatemala (Rosen and Greenwood
1976. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 157:1-70).
SYSTEMATICS: Subfamily Synbranchinae.
Probably all earlier references to Synbran-
chus marmoratus from the Atlantic slope of
Guatemala and Mexico, and Cuba, refer to
this species.
Cuba (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Ranges
from northeastern South America, through-
out the Atlantic slope of Guatemala and Mex-
ico, to Cuba. Occurs in a variety of habitats
from standing water in small muddy pools to
clear running water in streams, and larger
bodies of water such as lakes (Rosen and
Greenwood 1976).
ADULTSIZE: 500-800 mm.
BIOLOGY: Breder and Rosen (1966. Modes
of Reproduction in Fishes) summarized known
reproductive biology. Nests in a horizontal
tunnel made in mud of marshes in 0.30 - 1.22
m of water. Male stays with eggs (spherical,
ca. 3.4 mm in diameter, translucent, grayish
color). Breder (1927. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist. 57:91-176) thought spawning occurred
during the latter part of the rainy season in
Panama.
Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.
Supplement 1 9 8 3 -6 2 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Cichlasoma haitiensis Tee-Van
Odo
TYPELOCALITY: Etang Saumatre, near
Maneville, Cul-de-Sac Plain, Haiti (Tee-Van
1935. Zoologica 10:281-300).
SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Parapetenia,
sensu Regan (1905. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
7:316-40). Related species include C. tetra-
canthus, C. dovii, C. managuense, C. mota-
guense, C. friedrichsthali, and Petenia splen-
dida (Loiselle 1980. Freshw. Mar. Aquar.
3:39-47, 71-74).
Order Perciformes
Family Cichlidae
Haiti: Cul-de-Sac Plain, near
Maneville, 108 mm SL
(NCSM).
HISPANIOLA
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Fresh
and brackish lakes and streams probably
throughout Hispaniola. Particularly common
in springs associated with Lago Enriquillo,
Independencia Province, Dominican Repub-
lic. Occurs with introduced cichlids at
numerous localities. Adult C. haitiensis swim
in open water, taking refuge in small cavities
under debris or in rocks when pursued.
Young frequently found in aquatic vegetation.
ADULTSIZE: 75 mm.
BIOLOGY: Largely found solitarily or in
pairs, rarely in groups of 6-8, often in associ-
ation with poecilids and the mugilid Agonos-
tomus wmttcola. Diet includes algae and other
water plants, and turret shells. An 87 mm
female collected in March had ca. 300 eggs
(1.5 mm x 2 mm diameter) ready for spawn-
ing and a 112 mm male taken on the same
day had enlarged gonads (Tee-Van 1935).
Compilers: G. H. Burgess and R. Franz. Jan-
uary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -6 3
Cichlasoma ramsdeni Fowler
Joturo
Order Perciformes
Family Cichlidae
TYPELOCALITY: Arroyo Hondo, Yateras,
Guantanamo, Cuba (Fowler 1938. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila. 90:143-47).
SYSTEMATICS: Closely related to C. tetra-
canthus (Fowler 1938).
Cuba: Yateras River, male 110
mm SL (NCSM)
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known

BIOLOGY: Unknown.
from Guaso and Yateras rivers, Oriente Prov.,
Cuba.
Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-
ADULTSIZE: To 128 mm SL. ary 1983.
Supplement 1983-64 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Cichlasoma tetracanthus
(Valenciennes)
Biajaca
TYPE LOCALITY: Havana, Cuba (Valen-
ciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831.
Histoire NatureIle des Poissons 7:1-406).
Eigenmann (1903. U.S. Fish Comm. Bull.
[19021:211-36) states that the Almendares
/liver, near Havana, is the type locality of
Centrachus tetracanthus of Valenciennes.
SYSTEMATICS: Eigernmann (1903) de-
scribed numerous chichlid taxa from Cuba.
However, currently only C. tetracanthus and
C. ramsdeni are recognized.
Order Perciformes
Family Cichlidae
Cuba: Almendares River near
Havana (NCSM).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Wide- BIOLOGY: Unknown.
spread in Cuba. Occurs in most freshwater
habitats on the island.
Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-
ADULT SIZE: To 200 mm SL.
ary 1983.
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -6 5
INDEX TO COMMON AND
SCIENTIFIC NAMES
A
Agonostomus manticola, 5
Anchoa hepsetus, 5
Anchoa parva, 5
Anguilla rostrata, 5
Anguillidae, 5
Ariidae, 5
Astronotus ocellatus, 6
Atherinidae, 5
Atractosteus tristoechus, 4, 6, 7
Awaous tajasica, 5
Bagre marinus, 5
Barbus conchonius, 6
Belonidae, 5
biajaca, 65
Bythitidae, 4, 8
Carangidae, 5
Caranx hippos, 5
Caranx latus, 5
Carassius auratus, 6
Centropomidae, 5
Centropomus ensiferus, 5
Centropomus parallelus, 5
Centropomus pectinatus, 5
Centropomus undecimalis, 5
Cichla ocellaris, 6
Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, 5
Chriodorus atherinoides, 5
Cichla,soma haitiensis, 5, 63
Cichlasoma ramsdeni, 5, 64
Cichlasoma tetracanthus, 5, 65
Cichlidae, 5, 63
Clupeidae, 5
Cubanichthys cubensis, 4, 55
Cubanichthys pengelleyi, 4, 56
cusk-eel, Cuban, 10
cusk-eel, New Providence, 9
cusk-eel, toothed Cuban, 8
Cyprinodon bondi, 4, 52
Cyprinodon laciniatus, 4, 53
Cyprinodon variegatus baccmi, 4, 54
Cyprinodontidae, 3, 52
Di,apterus auratus, 5
Dormitator maculatus, 5
Dorosoma petenense, 6
Eleotridae, 5
Eleotris pisonis, 5
Elopidae, 5
Elops saurus, 5
Engraulidae, 5
Eucinostomus argenteus, 5
Eucinostomus gula, 5
Eugerres plumieri, 5
Gambusia affinis, 6
Gambusia beebei, 4, 11
gambusia, Caribbean, 17
gambusia, Cayman, 19
gambusia, Cuban, 16
gambusia, Dominican, 12
Gambusia daminicensis, 4, 12
Gambusia hispaniolae, 4, 13
gambusia, Hispaniolan, 13
gambusia, Miragoane, 11
Gambusia melapleura, 4, 14
Gambusia pseudopunctata, 4, 15
Gambusia punctata, 4, 16
Gambusia puncticulata, 3, 4, 17
gambusia, striped, 14
gambusia, Tiburon Peninsula, 15
Gambusia wrayi, 4, 18
gambusia, Wray's, 18
Gambusia xanthosoma, 4, 19
gar, Cuban, 7
Gerreidae, 5
Gerres cinereus, 5
Girardinus creolus, 4, 20
Girardinus cubensis, 4, 21
Girardinus denticulatus, 4, 22
Girardinusfa/catus, 4, 23
Girardinus metallicus, 4, 24
Girardinus microdactylus, 4, 25
Girardinus serripenis, 4, 26
Girardinus uninotatus, 4, 27
Gobiesocidae, 5
Gobiesox nudus, 5
Gobiidae, 5
Gobiodes broussoneti, 5
Gobiomorus dormitor, 5
Gobionellus boleosoma, 5
Gobionellus pseudofasciata, 5
Gobionellus spes, 5
Guavina guavina, 5
Haemulidae, 5
Harengula clupeola, 5
Ictalurus catus, 6
Ictalurus nebulosus, 6
Ictalurus punctatus, 6
joturo, 64
Joturus pichardi, 5
killifish, Cuban, 55
killifish, Jamaican, 56
Supplement 1 9 8 3 -6 6 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
Lepisosteidae, 4, 7
Lepomis auritus, 6
Lepomis gulosus, 6
Lepomis macrochirus, 6
Lepomis microlophus, 6
limia, blackbanded, 3 5
limia, blackbelly, 3 4
limia, blotched, 3 0
Limia caymanensis, 4, 28
limia, Cuban, 45
Limia dominicensis, 4, 29
limia, few-rayed, 3 9
Limia fuscomaculata, 4, 3 0
Limia garnieri, 4, 3 1
limia, Garnier's, 3 1
limia, Grand Cayman, 28
Limia grossidens, 4, 3 2
limia, humpback, 3 7
Limia immaculata, 4, 3 3
limia, large toothed, 3 2
Limia melanogaster, 4, 3 4
Limia melanonotata, 4, 3 5
limia, Miragoane, 3 6
Limia miragoanensis, 4, 3 6
Limia nigrofasciata, 4, 3 7
Limia ornata, 4, 3 8
limia, ornate, 3 8
Limia pauciradiata, 4, 3 9
Limia perugiae, 4, 40
limia, Perugia's, 40
limia, plain, 3 3
Limia rivasi, 4, 41
limia, Rivas's, 41
limia, striped, 47
Limia sulphurophilia, 4, 42
limia, sulfur, 42
limia, Tiburon Peninsula, 29
Limia tridens, 4, 43
limia, trident, 43
limia, varicolored, 44
Limia versicolor, 4, 44
Limia vittata, 4, 45
limia, Yaguajal, 46
Limia yaguajali, 4, 46
Limia zonata, 4, 47
Lophogobius cyprinoides, 5
Lucifuga dentatus, 4, 8
Lucifuga spelaeotes, 4, 9
Lucifuga subterraneus, 4, 1 0
Lutjanidae, 5
Lutjanus apodus, 5
Lutjanus griseus, 5
Lutjanus jocu, 5
Manjuari, 7
Megalops atlantica, 5
Micropterus coosae, 6
Micro pterus salmoides, 6
molly, Dominican, 48
molly, elegant, 49
molly, Hispaniola, 50
Mugil cephalus, 5
Mugil curema, 5
Mugil hospes, 5
Mugil liza, 5
Mugil trichodon, 5
Mugilidae, 5
0
odo, 6 3
Oostethus brachyurus, 5
Ophisternon aenigmaticum, 3 , 5, 6 2
Pimephales promelas, 6
Poecilia dominicensis, 4, 48
Poecilia elegans, 4, 49
Poecilia helleri, 6
Poecilia hispaniolana, 4, 50
Poecilia maculatus, 6
Poecilia reticulata, 3 , 6
Poecilia vivipara, 3
Poeciliidae, 3 , 4, 1 1
Pomadasys crocro, 5
Pseudophallus midi, 5
pupfish, Hispaniola, 52
pupfish, Bahama, 53
Quintana atrizona, 4, 51
Rivulidae, 3 , 5, 57
rivulus, Cuban, 57
Rivulus cylindraceus, 5, 57
Rivulus garciai, 5, 58
Rivulus harti, 3
Rivulus heyei, 5, 59
rivulus, Hispaniolan, 6 1
Rivulus insulaepinorum, 5, 6 0
rivulus, Isle of Pines, 6 0
Rivulus marmoratus, 3 , 5
rivulus, Matanzas, 58
Rivulus roloffi, 5, 6 1
rivulus, Saona, 59
sheepshead minnow, Bahama, 54
Sicydium plumieri, 5
Soleidae, 5
Sphoeroides testudineus, 5
Strongylura notata, 5
Strongylura timucu, 5
swamp eel, 6 2
Synbranchidae, 5, 6 2
Syngnathidae, 5
Tetraodontidae, 5
Tilapia aurea, 6
Tilapia hartorum, 6
Tilapia mossambica, 6
Tilapia nilotica, 6
Tilapia rendalli, 6
topminnow, barred, 51
topminnow, creole, 20
topminnow, Cuban, 21
topminnow, goldbelly, 23
topminnow, metallic, 24
topminnow, serrated, 26
topminnow, singlespot, 27
topminnow, smallfinger, 25
topminnow, toothy, 22
Trinectes inscriptus, 5
ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1 9 8 3 -6 7
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE NORTHCAROLINA
BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 1982
Potter, Eloise F. Bill-vibrating feeding behavior in the Snowy Egret. The Chat 46(1):18. 1982-1
Grant, Gilbert S. Common Mynas attack Black Noddies and White Terns on Midway Atoll. 1982-2
Elepaio 42:97-98.
Grant, Gilbert S. Wildlife on Midway Atoll during the winter and spring of 1980-1981. Elepaio. 43:1-4. 1982-3
Pettit, T. N., G. S. Grant, G.C. Whittow, H. Rahn, and C. V. Paganelli. Respiratory gas exchange and 1982-4
growth of Bonin Petrel embryos. Physiological Zoology 55:162-170.
Irvin, E. Wayne. A Nandy Conure in coastal North Carolina. The Chat 46(2):43-44. 1982-5
Grant, G. S., T. N. Pettit, H. Rahn, G. C. Whittow, and C. V. Paganelli. Regulation of water loss from 1982-6
Bonin Petrel (Pterodroma hypoleuca) eggs. Auk 99:236-242.
Grant, G. S., C. V. Paganelli, T. N. Pettit, G. C. Whittow, and H. Rahn. Determination of fresh egg mass 1982-7
during natural incubation. Condor 84:121-122.
Pettit, T. N., G. S. Grant, G. C. Whittow, H. Rahn, and C. V. Paganelli. Embryonic oxygen consumption 1982-8
and growth of Laysan and Black-footed Albatross. American Journal of Physiology 237:121-128.
Grant, Gilbert S. Avian Incubation: Egg Temperature, Nest Humidity, and Behavioral Thermo- ' 1982-9
regulation in a Hot Environment. Ornithological Monographs No. 30. 75 pages.
Lee, David S., John B. Funderburg Jr., and Mary Kay Clark. A Distributional Survey of North Carolina 1982-10
Mammals. Occasional Papers of the North Carolina Biological Survey. 72 pages.
Potter, Eloise F. (editor). A Survey of the Vertebrate Fauna of Mainland Dare County, North Carolina. 1982-11
Project completion report on file at U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Ecological Services,
Raleigh, N.C. (14-16-0004-81-056). 190 pages.
Clark, Mary K., and Eloise F. Potter. Third annual breeding bird foray: Hoke County, N.C. The Chat 1982-12
46(2):29-37.
Lee, David S., and John B. Funderburg. Marmots Marmota monax and allies. Chapter 9, pages 176-191, 1982-13
in Wild Mammals of North America (Chapman and Feldhamer, editors). Johns Hopkins University
Press Baltimore.
Pettit, T. N., G. S. Grant, and G. C. Whittow. Body temperature and growth of Bonin Petrel chicks. 1982-14
Wilson Bulletin 94:358-361.
Grant, G. S., T. N. Pettit, C. V. Paganelli, H. Rahn, and G. C. Whittow. Water loss from Laysan and 1982-15
Black-footed Albatross eggs. Physiological Zoology 55:405-414.
Franz, Richard, and David S. Lee. Distribution and evolution of Florida's troglobitic crayfishes. Bulletin 1982-16
of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 28(3):53-78.
Shelley, Rowland M. Revision of the milliped genus Auturus (Polydesmida: Platyrhacidae). Canadian 1982-17
Journal of Zoology 60(12):3249-3267.
Shelley, Rowland M. A new Xystodesmid milliped genus and three new species from the eastern Blue 1982-18
Ridge Mountains of North Carolina (Polydesmida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash-
ington 95(3):458-477.
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