Cultural globalization is a phenomenon by which the experience of

everyday life, as influenced by the diffusion of commodities and ideas,

reflects a standardization of cultural expressions around the world.
Propelled by the efficiency or appeal of wireless communications,
electronic commerce, popular culture, and international travel,
globalization has been seen as a trend toward homogeneity that will
eventually make human experience everywhere essentially the same.
How national identities are formed
It is said that nations are more than blood and soil. Nations are social
construction, reflecting political and cultural interest and changing over
time. Nations are geographical, but national identity may equally be
shaped by cultural factors such as religion, language, history, wars, etc.
Colonialism can also reinforce national identity. Despite the development
of globalization, national identity is still important
In Philippine context
Our Philippine flag is a crucial icon in binding the Filipino together
which carries the Philippines history itself. We sometime see national
identity as emotional and cultural attachment. The ritual of national
ceremonies like commemorating the EDSA revolution or the Independence Day
and even the holidays of respected religious group give nations the
cohesion and unity they need. Rituals and symbols play a crucial role in
reinforcing identity. National identity can only be forged from pre-
existing community, bound by language or culture or religion. When
national identity becomes threatened people embrace idea of we group or
Magka-isa. Filipinos are geographically and culturally divided but when
we are in trouble from different factors like calamities we tend to unite
as one country.
The reality of most nations is that they are cultural hybrids because of
global culture and globalization.

Media and telecommunication bring culture, westernizing everyone
Technology has now created the possibility and even the likelihood of a
global culture. The Internet, fax machines, satellites, and cable TV are
sweeping away cultural boundaries. Global entertainment companies shape
the perceptions and dreams of ordinary citizens, wherever they live. This
spread of values, norms, and culture tends to promote Western ideals of
capitalism. Which some fears that local cultures inevitably fall victim to
this global "consumer" culture brought by the Americans. English became
international language and it is the standard unit of telecommunication.
From different multi-companies changes consumer values which overwhelm
peoples' sense of community and social solidarity of its own culture. And
by this common culture we can say that it has a positive effect on leading
the way to greater shared values and political unity of different
countries by westernizing.

Spread of capitalism and consumer culture
Some says globalization is the transcendence of global culture where it
opens the borders of different countries. With the global reach afforded
by telecommunications, computerization and air travel, a company can
develop any promising market site, wherever in the world it might be
situated. Since the 1970s a number of companies have also developed trans-
border chains of retail outlets: 7-Eleven, Benetton, IKEA, and so on.
Sometimes buyers of a global product will have been prodded by the same
trans-border promotion campaign. So with global market, advertising
agencies had to have departments that specialized in the production of
global commercials. In these ways, globalization intensifies consumerism
to global cultures.

Influences of international organizations
International organizations like the United Nations (UN), the World Bank
(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), the International
Committee of the Red Cross, and Greenpeace symbolize the hope for
international peace and security through global cooperation and mutual
economic development. Most of them operate as part of one or more
international regimes. An international regime is a set of rules,
standards, and procedures that govern national behaviour in a particular
area. Examples of international regimes include arms control, foreign
trade, and exploration.
Issues of global migration of clash of culture
The growth of mass communications has big help in nourishing western
culture to dominate in every continent. Different minor culture expressed
great fear of losing their own cultural identity by major cultures like
western cultures.
To have power today you must be influential enough economical.
Accordingly, many countries fights over to incorporation its own culture
to be at the top of the pyramid.
The increase of capitalism and consumerism leads to the monopoly of
certain goods and mass production of products traded which increase the
global problem like population growth, all kinds of pollution, fast
depletion of natural resources, etc..

Role of global manager and their responsibility
One of a good manager you minimize and contain these issues of global
culture and at the same time globally competitive. To be globally
competitive you must be culturally oriented to easily adapt in situations
you will encounter like cross-cultural barriers of different cultures.
Dealing with those, need great skills you have to put the pieces of
culture into a whole new culture accepted by everybody so that it will
diminished the difference of your employee or your management. Being
culturally oriented you are sensitive and responsive to your costumers
needs even though there is national differences by managing the best route
of two conflicting demands. Another is being exceptional innovator where
in you can innovate the local products to be accepted globally.

Recognizing culture and various factor aiding or hindering communication
in business management
Factors aiding communication in business
Reduces Language-barrier
Having and knowing the international languages easily interprets the
business itself.
Nonverbal Communication
The saying "Actions speak louder than words" is especially true in cross-
cultural communication. Learning the dos and don'ts of nonverbal
communication helps to establish positive, respectful interactions. To
train employees to recognize that gestures, eye contact and personal space
issues that Americans take for granted can seem rude or insulting to other
cultures. For example, in most of the Arab world, pointing is considered
an offensive gesture.

Cultural Implications
International businesses must respect the values and beliefs inherent
within the cultures in each of the countries or regions it serves. While
paying your employees a cash bonus is accepted and welcomed in the United
States, other cultures regard this as a form of bribery. Still other
countries may expect baksheesh--what Americans call bribes -- before they
will do business with you. Shaking your boss's wife's hand is a normal,
acceptable greeting in the United States, but in China, it is considered
highly inappropriate for a man to touch a woman in public.
Creating a Diverse Workforce
Positive cross-cultural business communication means respecting one
another across the board and showing it in every level of your business.
If you're going to celebrate Christmas at the office, then you must also
celebrate Hanukkah, Kwanzaa and the Chinese New Year.

Cross-Cultural Training
Hiring a cross-cultural communication expert to review the companys
policies, procedures, and messages, and to help train you and your
employees in the intricacies of the importance of culture in business
communications. Experts help employee practice cultural sensitivity
through role play, games, and online training.



These are some factors hindering the communication in business management
Cultural Diversity
Although many companies seek to have cultural diversity, cultural
diversity itself can bring its own set of problems for management
professionals if they are inadequately prepared to deal with such
diversity. Cultural differences can hamper the sense of togetherness and
belonging that many companies seek to create when consciously developing a
cultural identity for workers. The University of Colorado points out that
one of the primary issues created by cultural diversity is the potential
inability to effectively communicate with workers of various backgrounds.
Religion
Another cultural problem that can arise in the workplace is the
differences in religious worldview or belief. This can be a problem in
more than one way. For instance, if certain individuals are required by
their religious faith to dress in a certain manner or wear a particular
piece of cultural garb that others might find offensive, this can create
cultural division within the workplace. Differences in religious ideas can
also cause division, especially if those ideas are discussed freely during
times when workers are idle.
Conflict Resolution
Cultural differences can also create problems in terms of conflict
resolution. However, problems with conflict resolution are not necessarily
a result of cultural differences. Cultural differences can create
additional problems when attempting to resolve conflicts, though. The
inability to communicate, for one, can make it difficult to effectively
resolve a problem. Conflict resolution is something that companies can
deal with effectively if they have established policies and procedures for
when major disputes arise between workers in the context of workplace
culture.
Cultural Awareness
Cultural awareness, or a lack thereof, is yet another problem that may be
encountered in workplace culture. A lack of cultural awareness in a
multicultural environment can create a sense of division among workers.
Workers can develop cliques that make it hard to create a sense of
teamwork and unity. Instead, the "us" versus "them" mentality that can
develop from a lack of cultural awareness can divide workers. Having plans
to educate workers on cultural differences can heighten awareness and
eliminate any fear or suspicion that might arise from not knowing enough
about another person's differences.