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    Background Information

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Background Information

    Canada officially became The Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867. The


    formation of the Dominion of Canada was the result of the Charlottetown
    Conference and Quebec Conference.
    The Seventy-Two Resolutions established the framework under which the North
    American colonies of Great Britain would be unified into a federation.
    The resolutions were adopted by most Canadian provinces and became the
    basis for the London Conference, which took place in 1866.
    Sixteen delegates from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of
    Canada gathered with British officials to draft the British North America Act of
    1867.
    This conference was the last of the series of conferences of the Confederation.
    Sir John. A. MacDonald became the first Prime Minister.
    The federation emerged due to the fact that all major players pursued their
    interests.
    The Maritimes sought to have railroad connections, and the British Empire
    wanted the Dominion of Canada to defend itself. British-Canadian nationalists
    worked to unite all regions into one country, dominated by British culture and the
    English language. French-Canadians, on the other hand, sought to exert political
    control within the province of Quebec.
    The British North America Act was crafted to unite the old Province of Canada
    with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Important elements include: the division of
    power between the provinces and the federal government; the fact that the
    parliament was empowered to act and pursue good government, order, and
    peace.
    Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island opted out and joined in 1949 and 1871,
    respectively.
    The Colony of Vancouver Island and the Colony of British Columbia merged into
    one colony in 1866, called the Colony of British Columbia. In 1871, it was
    incorporated into the confederation.
    Alberta and Saskatchewan joined as provinces in 1905.
    Finally, at the Newfoundland Referendum of 1948, voters were given three
    choices. They could join Canada, return to Dominion status, or remain a crown
    colony. Joining the U.S. was not made one of the Newfoundland Referendum
    choices. Bitter debates followed and in 1949, Newfoundland voted to join Canada
    as a province.
    Ultimately, Canada officially became a country in 1982. Canada became an
    independent country as a result of small contributions made by several Prime
    Ministers in different periods.
    Sir Wilfrid Laurier who was the Prime Minister from 1896 to approximately 1911
    formed an independent Navy for Canada, without sharing Great Britains Navy.
    Another significant step taken towards Canadas independence was Bordens
    insisting that Canada should have its independent seat to sign the Treaty of
    Versailles, after World War I. It was an attempt at separating from Great Britains
    policies of international affairs.
    The last step was taken by Trudeau towards Canada becoming an independent
    nation. He brought home the Constitution in 1982 which legally allowed Canada
    to amend its own constitution instead of depending for it on Great Britain.

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