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    Java 1.5 - Features

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    kumar554
    This document summarizes several new features in JDK 1.5 including generics, enhanced for loops, autoboxing/unboxing, typesafe enums, static imports, and metadata. Generics allow type-safety for collections by specifying the type of objects a collection accepts. Enhanced for loops make iterating over collections more readable. Autoboxing eliminates manual conversion between primitive and wrapper types. Typesafe enums provide benefits of the enum pattern with compile-time type safety. Static imports and metadata features reduce boilerplate code.

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    Java 1.5 - Features

    Uploaded by

    kumar554
    37 views4 pages
    This document summarizes several new features in JDK 1.5 including generics, enhanced for loops, autoboxing/unboxing, typesafe enums, static imports, and metadata. Generics allow type-safety for collections by specifying the type of objects a collection accepts. Enhanced for loops make iterating over collections more readable. Autoboxing eliminates manual conversion between primitive and wrapper types. Typesafe enums provide benefits of the enum pattern with compile-time type safety. Static imports and metadata features reduce boilerplate code.

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    Java 1.5_ Features

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    This document summarizes several new features in JDK 1.5 including generics, enhanced for loops, autoboxing/unboxing, typesafe enums, static imports, and metadata. Generics allow type-safety for collections by specifying the type of objects a collection accepts. Enhanced for loops make iterating over collections more readable. Autoboxing eliminates manual conversion between primitive and wrapper types. Typesafe enums provide benefits of the enum pattern with compile-time type safety. Static imports and metadata features reduce boilerplate code.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    37 views4 pages

    Java 1.5 - Features

    Uploaded by

    kumar554
    This document summarizes several new features in JDK 1.5 including generics, enhanced for loops, autoboxing/unboxing, typesafe enums, static imports, and metadata. Generics allow type-safety for collections by specifying the type of objects a collection accepts. Enhanced for loops make iterating over collections more readable. Autoboxing eliminates manual conversion between primitive and wrapper types. Typesafe enums provide benefits of the enum pattern with compile-time type safety. Static imports and metadata features reduce boilerplate code.

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    of 4

    In this article, we'll discuss several of the new language features of JDK 1.

    5, including:
    GenericsProvides compiletime t!pe safet! for collections and eliminates the need for casting
    ever! time !ou get an o"#ect out of Collections.
    Enhanced For loop$liminates errorproneness of iterators.
    Autoboxing/unboxing$liminates need of manual conversion "etween primitive t!pes %such as
    double& and wrapper t!pes %such as Double&.
    Typesafe enumsProvides all "enefits of the '!pesafe enum pattern.
    Static import$liminates the need for using class names prior to using the static mem"er
    varia"les of other classes. 'his will ma(e the code a "it neater.
    Metadata)llows programmers to avoid writing "oiler plate code and gives the opportunit! for
    declarative programming.
    Generics
    *enerics is one of the coolest features of JDK 1.5. +! introducing generics, we will have compiletime t!pe
    safet! and possi"l! fewer ClassCastExceptions during run time. In JDK 1.5, !ou can declare the t!pe of o"#ects
    one collection will accept,return. In JDK 1.-, creating a .ist of emplo!ee names re/uires a collection o"#ect li(e
    the following statement:
    List listOfEmployeeName = new ArrayList();
    In JDK 1.5, !ou would use this statement:
    List<String> listOfEmployeeName = new ArrayList<String>();
    'he cool part is that if !ou tr! to insert something that's not a string, !ou will find out at compile time and then
    !ou can fi0 the pro"lem. 1ithout generics, !ou discover such a "ug when !our customer calls and tells !ou that
    the program !ou shipped crashed with a ClassCastException.
    'he other cool thing is that !ou don't have to cast when !ou get an element out of the collection. 2o instead of
    this t!pe of statement:
    String employeeName = ((String) listOfEmployee.get(i));
    It's simpl!:
    String employeeName = listOfEmployee.get(i);
    3asting o"#ects without (nowing the t!pe of o"#ect is not good, and more importantl!, it can fail at run time.
    2uppose the user accidentall! passes in a collection that contains string "uffers rather than strings. In Listing
    A, the client is re/uired to pass in a collection of strings that the compiler can't enforce.Listing B shows how
    the same method loo(s with generics.
    4ow it's clear from the method signature that the input collection must contain onl! strings. If the client tries to
    pass in a collection of string "uffers, the program won't compile. )nd notice that the method doesn't contain
    an! casts. It's one line shorter and, once !ou get used to reading generics, it's clearer too.
    Enhanced For Loop
    5ere's the s!nta0 for the For loop in the current version of the JDK:
    void printAll(olle!tion !) "
    for (#terator i = !.iterator(); i.$asNe%t(); ) "
    Employee emp = (Employee)i.ne%t();
    System.o&t.println(emp.getName());
    '
    '
    4ow here's the same method with an enhanced For statement:
    void printAll(olle!tion !) "
    for (O()e!t o * !)
    System.o&t.println((+imer+as,)o).getName());
    '
    In this For loop, !ou should read the 6:6 as 6in,6 so the e0ample reads 6for 7"#ect o in c6. 8ou can see this For
    loop has more reada"ilit!.
    Autoboxing and unboxing
    In Java, we have primitive data t!pes and wrapper classes around these primitive t!pes. 9ost often
    programmers need to convert one t!pe to another. 'a(e a loo( at the code snippet in Listing .
    Listing C
    p&(li! !lass Employee "
    private stati! final #nteger -#L. = new #nteger(/);


    p&(li! stati! void main(String args01) "
    22!ode for adding n to an #nteger

    int n=3/;
    #nteger age= new #nteger(4/);
    Integer ageAfterTenYear= new Integer(age.intValue +10);
    '
    '
    4otice how mess! the innerloop code that calculates ageAfterTenYear loo(s. 4ow ta(e a loo( at the same
    program rewritten with auto"o0ing, as shown in Listing !.
    Listing D
    p&(li! !lass Employee "
    p&(li! stati! void main(String args01) "
    int n=3/;
    #nteger age= new #nteger(4/);
    #nteger ageAfter+en5ear= age 63/;
    '
    '
    7ne thing worth noting: Previousl!, if !ou un"o0ed 4ull, it "ecame :ero. In this code, the compiler would
    automaticall! convert Integer to int and add 1; to it, then convert that "ac( to Integer.
    Enhanced For Loop
    5ere's the s!nta0 for the For loop in the current version of the JDK:
    void printAll(olle!tion !) "
    for (#terator i = !.iterator(); i.$asNe%t(); ) "
    Employee emp = (Employee)i.ne%t();
    System.o&t.println(emp.getName());
    '
    '
    4ow here's the same method with an enhanced For statement:
    void printAll(olle!tion !) "
    for (O()e!t o * !)
    System.o&t.println((+imer+as,)o).getName());
    '
    In this For loop, !ou should read the 6:6 as 6in,6 so the e0ample reads 6for 7"#ect o in c6. 8ou can see this For
    loop has more reada"ilit!.
    Typesafe enums
    '!pesafe enums provide the following features:
    'he! provide compiletime t!pe safet!.
    'he! are o"#ects, so !ou can put them in collections.
    'he! are implemented as a class, so !ou can add some methods.
    'he! provide a proper name space for the enumerated t!pe.
    'heir printed values are informative<if !ou print an int enum, !ou #ust see a num"er, which ma! not
    "e that informative.
    Example "#
    en&m Season " winter7 spring7 s&mmer7 fall '
    Example $#
    p&(li! en&m oin "
    penny(3)7 ni!,el(8)7 dime(3/)7 9&arter(:8);
    oin(int val&e) " t$is.val&e = val&e; '
    private final int val&e;
    p&(li! int val&e() " ret&rn val&e; '
    '
    Static imports
    2tatic imports ma(e code more reada"le. 3urrentl!, !ou use constants defined in other classes, li(e this:
    import org.yyy.p,g.#n!rement;
    !lass Employee "
    p&(li! .o&(le !al!&lateSalary(.o&(le salary"
    ret&rn salary 6 #n!rement.#N;E<EN+ = salary;
    '
    '
    +ut with static import, we can use those constants without providing the name of the class prior to constant
    name, li(e this:
    import stati! org.yyy.p,g.#n!rement;
    !lass Employee "
    p&(li! .o&(le !al!&lateSalary(.o&(le salary"
    ret&rn salary 6 #N;E<EN+ = salary;
    '
    '
    4ote that we are a"le to call the I43=$9$4' constant without using the class name Increment.
    Metadata
    'he metadata feature is focused on ma(ing a developer's life simpler with the support of tools provided "!
    vendors. 'a(e a loo( at the code in Listing E.
    1ith metadata support, !ou can write the code in Listing E li(e this:
    import org.yyy.$r;
    p&(li! !lass Employee "
    >;emote p&(li! String getName() "
    ...
    '
    >;emote p&(li! p&(li! String getLo!ation() "
    ...
    '
    '
    )s !ou can see, all the "oilerplate's code is gone.
    'he new features and specifications that will "e implemented in JDK 1.5 offer the Java programming
    communit! man! more options for writing ro"ust, scala"le code. 2erious Java programmers would do well to
    "egin familiari:ing themselves with the pending version of the Java programming language.

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