13.1 Hooke's Law: Chapter 13, Vibrations and Waves

Chapter 13, Vibrations and Waves
13.1 Hookes Law

1. The SI base units for spring constant are which of the following?
a. kgs
2
b. kg/m
2
c. kg/s
2
d. kgm
2
3. A 0.20-kg object is attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10 N/m and moves with
simple harmonic motion over a horizontal frictionless surface. At the instant that it is
displaced from equilibrium by 0.050 m, what is its acceleration?
a. 1 000 m/s
2
b. 40 m/s
2
c. 0.1 m/s
2
d. 2.5 m/s
2
5. Tripling the displacement from equilibrium of an object in simple harmonic motion will
bring about a change in the magnitude of the object's acceleration by what factor?
a. 0.33
b. 1.0
c. 3.0
d. 9.0
7. A mass of 0.40 kg, attached to a spring with a spring constant of 80 N/m, is set into simple
harmonic motion. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the mass when at its
maximum displacement of 0.10 m from the equilibrium position?
a. zero
b. 5 m/s
2
c. 10 m/s
2
d. 20 m/s
2
9. Suppose there is an object for which F = +kx. What will happen if the object is moved away
from equilibrium (x = 0) and released?
a. It will return to the equilibrium position.
b. It will move further away with constant velocity.
c. It will move further away with constant acceleration.
d. It will move further away with increasing acceleration.
11. If it takes 4.0 N to stretch a spring 6.0 cm and if the spring is then cut in half, what force does
it take to stretch one of the halves 3.0 cm?
a. 2.0 N
b. 4.0 N
c. 8.0 N
d. 16 N
13. A 0.20-kg object is oscillating on a spring with a spring constant of k = 15 N/m. What is the
potential energy of the system when the object displacement is 0.040 m, exactly half the
maximum amplitude?
a. zero
b. 0.006 0 J
c. 0.012 J
d. 2.5 J
15. A mass of 0.40 kg, hanging from a spring with a spring constant of 80 N/m, is set into an
up-and-down simple harmonic motion. What is the speed of the mass when moving through
the equilibrium point? The starting displacement from equilibrium is 0.10 m.
a. zero
b. 1.4 m/s
c. 2.0 m/s
d. 3.4 m/s
182
17. A runaway railroad car, with mass 30 10
4
kg, coasts across a level track at 2.0 m/s when it
collides with a spring-loaded bumper at the end of the track. If the spring constant of the
bumper is 2.0 10
6
N/m, what is the maximum compression of the spring during the
collision? (Assume the collision is elastic.)
a. 0.77 m
b. 0.58 m
c. 0.34 m
d. 1.07 m
19. A 0.20-kg block rests on a frictionless level surface and is attached to a horizontally aligned
spring with a spring constant of 40 N/m. The block is initially displaced 4.0 cm from the
equilibrium point and then released to set up a simple harmonic motion. What is the speed of
the block when it passes through the equilibrium point?
a. 2.1 m/s
b. 1.6 m/s
c. 1.1 m/s
d. 0.57 m/s
1. C 1
3. D 2 41. D 2
5. C 1 43. C 2
7. D 2 45. D 2
9. D 2 47. D 2
13. C 2 51. B 1
15. B 2 53. C 2
17. A 2 55. C 1
19. D 2 57. D 1
13.8 Frequency, Amplitude, and Wavelength
53. If the frequency of a traveling wave train is increased by a factor of three in a medium where
the speed is constant, which of the following is the result?
a. amplitude is one third as big
b. amplitude is tripled
+c. wavelength is one third as big
d. wavelength is tripled
55. A traveling wave train has wavelength 0.50 m, speed 20 m/s. Find the wave frequency.
a. 0.025 Hz
b. 20 Hz
+c. 40 Hz
d. 10 Hz
57. If a radio wave has speed 3.00 10
8
m/s and frequency 94.7 MHz, what is its wavelength?
a. 8.78 m
b. 1.20 m
+c. 2.50 m
d. 3.17 m

A
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
o
183
59. Bats can detect small objects such as insects that are of a size approximately that of one
wavelength. If bats emit a chirp at a frequency of 60 kHz, and the speed of sound waves in
air is 330 m/s, what is the smallest size insect they can detect?
a. 1.5 mm
b. 3.5 mm
+c. 5.5 mm
d. 7.5 mm
61. An earthquake emits both P-waves and S-waves that travel at different speeds through the
Earth. A P-wave travels at 8 000 m/s and an S-wave at 4 000 m/s. If P-waves are received at
a seismic station 30.0 s before an S-wave arrives, how far is the station from the earthquake
center?
a. 2 420 km
b. 1 210 km
+c. 240 km
d. 120 km
22.1 The Nature of Light
1. According to the photon energy formula, tripling the frequency of the radiation from a
monochromatic source will change the energy content of the individually radiated photons by
what factor?
a. 0.33
b. 1.0
c. 1.73
d. 3.0
3. Photon A has an energy of 2.0 10
-19
J. Photon B has 4 times the frequency of Photon A.
What is the energy of Photon B?
a. 0.50 10
-19
J
b. 1.0 10
-19
J
c. 8.0 10
-19
J
d. 32 10
-19
J
5. The wave-particle duality of light means that, in the same experiment:
a. light will act both like a wave and like a particle.
b. light will act either like a wave or like a particle.
c. light will not act like either a wave or a particle.
d. light always exists as two waves or as two particles.
7. One phenomenon that demonstrates the particle nature of light is:
a. the photoelectric effect.
b. diffraction effects.
c. interference effects.
d. the prediction by Maxwells electromagnetic theory.
9. Helium-neon laser light has a wavelength in air of 632.8 nm. What is the energy of a single
photon in the beam? (h = 6.626 10
34
Js and c = 3.00 10
8
m/s).
a. 3.14 10
19
J
b. 5.40 10
19
J
c. 7.62 10
19
J
d. 1.15 10
18
J
11. The photoelectric effect was discovered by:
a. Maxwell.
b. Einstein.
c. Hertz.
d. Planck.
22.2 Reflection and Refraction
184
13. A ray of light strikes a thick sheet of glass (n = 1.5) at an angle of 25 with the normal. Find
the angle of the ray reflected off the glass surface with respect to the normal.
a. 56
b. 46
c. 39
d. 25
15. Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on an air-to-glass
boundary?
a. total reflection
b. total transmission
c. partial reflection, partial transmission
d. partial reflection, total transmission
17. A line representing a wave front for a wave should be drawn:
a. from the source to the receiver.
b. from one crest to the preceding crest.
c. along one of the crests of the wave.
d. in the direction the wave is moving.
19. When viewing your image in a hand-held mirror, if you move the mirror away at a speed v,
the image appears to:
a. also move away at v.
b. move away at 2v.
c. move away at v/2.
d. not move.
22.3 The Law of Refraction
21. Water has an index of refraction of 1.333. What is the speed of light through it? (c = 3.00
10
8
m/s)
a. 4.00 10
8
m/s
b. 2.25 10
8
m/s
c. 4.46 10
8
m/s
d. 1.46 10
8
m/s
23. Dez pours carbon tetrachloride (n = 1.46) into a container made of crown glass (n = 1.52).
The light ray in glass incident on the glass-to-liquid boundary makes an angle of 30 with the
normal. Find the angle of the corresponding refracted ray.
a. 55.5
b. 29.4
c. 31.4
d. 19.2
25. A light ray in air is incident on an air-to-glass boundary at an angle of 30.0 and is refracted
in the glass at an angle of 21.0 with the normal. Find the index of refraction of the glass.
a. 2.13
b. 1.74
c. 1.23
d. 1.40
27. A beam of light in air is incident on the surface of a rectangular block of clear plastic (n =
1.49). If the velocity of the beam before it enters the plastic is 3.00 10
8
m/s, what is its
velocity inside the block?
a. 3.00 10
8
m/s
b. 1.93 10
8
m/s
c. 2.01 10
8
m/s
d. 1.35 10
8
m/s
185
29. As a monochromatic light ray is transmitted through an air-to-glass boundary, what happens
to the wavelength?
a. increases
b. decreases
c. remains unchanged
d. approaches zero value
31. If the speed of light through an unknown liquid is measured at 1.80 10
8
m/s, what is the
index of refraction of this liquid? (c = 3.00 10
8
m/s)
a. 1.80
b. 1.67
c. 1.20
d. 0.600
33. What is the angle of incidence on an air-to-glass boundary if the angle of refraction in the
glass (n = 1.52) is 25?
a. 16
b. 25
c. 40
d. 43
35. Fused quartz has an index of refraction of 1.56 for light from a 560-nm source. What is the
speed of light for this wavelength within the quartz? (c = 3.00 10
8
m/s)
a. 1.56 10
8
m/s
b. 1.92 10
8
m/s
c. 2.19 10
8
m/s
d. 4.68 10
8
m/s
37. A ray of light travels from a glass-to-liquid interface at an angle of 35.0. Indices of
refraction for the glass and liquid are, respectively, 1.52 and 1.63. What is the angle of
refraction for the ray moving through the liquid?
a. 23.2
b. 32.3
c. 38.4
d. 46.0
39. A beam of monochromatic light goes from material 1 with index of refraction n1 into material
2 with index of refraction n2. The frequency of light in material 1 is f1 and in material 2 is f2.
What is the ratio of f1/f2?
a. n
1
/n
2
b. n2/n1
c. 1
d. The values of n1 and n2 must be known to find the answer.
22.4 Dispersion and Prisms
57. Dispersion occurs when:
a. some materials bend light more than other materials.
b. a material slows down some wavelengths more than others.
c. a material changes some frequencies more than others.
d. light has different speeds in different materials.
59. When white light disperses as it passes through a prism, which of the following colors moves
at the lowest speed in the prism?
a. blue
b. green
c. yellow
d. red
186
22.7 Total Internal Reflection
65. Diamond has an index of refraction of 2.419. What is the critical angle for internal reflection
inside a diamond that is in air?
a. 24.4
b. 48.8
c. 155
d. 131
187
67. Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on an
air-to-glass boundary at less than the critical angle?
a. total reflection
b. total transmission
c. partial reflection, partial transmission
d. partial reflection, total transmission
69. A ray of light travels across a liquid-to-glass interface. If the indices of refraction for the
liquid and glass are, respectively, 1.75 and 1.52, what is the critical angle at this interface?
a. 30.0
b. 52.2
c. 60.3
d. Critical angle does not exist.
71. If total internal reflection occurs at a glass-air surface:
a. no light is refracted.
b. no light is reflected.
c. light is leaving the air and hitting the glass with an incident angle greater than the critical
angle.
d. light is leaving the air and hitting the glass with an incident angle less than the critical
angle.
CHAPTER 22 - ANSWERS
# Ans Diff. # Ans Diff.
1. D 2 39. C 2
2. A 2 40. C 2
3. C 2 41. B 2
4. D 2 42. C 3
5. B 1 43. B 3
6. A 2 44. B 2
7. A 1 45. C 2
8. D 1 46. A 1
9. A 2 47. B 1
10. B 2 48. A 2
11. C 1 49. C 2
12. D 1 50. D 2
13. D 1 51. C 2
14. D 1 52. B 1
15. C 1 53. B 3
16. C 1 54. D 2
17. C 1 55. C 2
18. C 1 56. B 2
19. B 2 57. B 2
20. A 1 58. B 2
21. B 2 59. A 2
22. D 2 60. D 1
23. C 2 61. B 1
24. A 2 62. D 1
25. D 2 63. A 1
26. C 2 64. A 1
27. C 2 65. A 2
188
28. D 1 66. B 3
29. B 1 67. C 1
30. A 2 68. A 1
31. B 2 69. C 2
32. D 2 70. B 2
33. C 2 71. A 1
34. C 2 72. D 2
35. B 2 73. C 3
36. B 2 74. C 2
37. B 2 75. D 1
38. C 2 76. A 1
189

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