51.

In which of the following, emission of electrons does not take

place

(a) thermionic emission

(b) X-rays emission

(c) photoelectric emission

(d) secondary emission

. (b) : Thermionic emission : When a metal is heated to a high
temperature, the free electron gain kinetic energy and escape from
the surface of the metal.
Secondary emission : When an electron strikes the surface of a
metallic plate, it emits other electrons from the surface.
Photoelectric emission : Emission of electrons from the metal
surface on irradiation with radiation of suitable frequency.
X-rays emission : They are due to transitions in the inner energy
levels of the atom.
52. Thermions are

(a) protons

(b) Electrons

(c) photons

(d) positrons.
52. (b) : When a metal is heated, electrons are ejected out of it,
which are called thermions.
53. In photoelectric emission process from a metal of work function
1.8 eV, the kinetic energy of most energetic electrons is 0.5 eV. The
corresponding stopping potential is

(a) 1.8 V

(b) 1.3 V

(c) 0.5 V

(d) 2.3 V
53. (c) : The stopping potential Vs is related to the
maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons Kmax
through the relation
Kmax = eVs
0.5 eV = eVs or Vs = 0.5 V
54. Number of ejected photoelectrons increases with
increase

(a) in intensity of light

(b) in wavelength of light

(c) in frequency of light

(d) never.
54. (a) : Photoelectric current is directly proportional
to the intensity of incident light.
55. When a metallic surface is illuminated with radiation of
wavelength λ, the stopping potential is V. If the same surface is
illuminated with radiation of wavelength 2λ, the stopping potential
is V/4. The threshold wavelength for the metallic surface is

(a) 5/2λ

(b) 3λ

(c) 4λ

(d) 5λ
55. (b) : According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation,
56. According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation, the graph
between the kinetic energy of photoelectrons ejected and the
frequency of incident radiation is
56. (d) : The maximum kinetic
energy of photoelectron ejected is
given by
K.E. = hu – W = hu – hu0
where work function depends on the type of material.
If the frequency of incident radiation is greater than u0
only then the ejection of photoelectrons start. After that
as frequency increases kinetic energy also increases.
57. The value of Planck’s constant is

(a) 6.63 × 10–³⁴ J/sec

(b) 6.63 × 10–³⁴ kg m²/sec

(c) 6.63 × 10–³⁴ kg m²

(d) 6.63 × 10–³⁴ J sec

57. (d) : The value of Planck’s constant is 6.63 × 10–³⁴ J s.
58. When light of wavelength 300 nm (nanometer) falls on a
photoelectric emitter, photoelectrons are liberated. For another
emitter, however, light of 600 nm wavelength is sufficient for
creating photoemission. What is the ratio of the work functions of
the two emitters?

(a) 1 : 2

(b) 2 : 1

(c) 4 : 1

(d) 1 : 4
58.
59. The momentum of a photon of energy 1 MeV in kg m/s will be

(a) 5 × 10–²²

(b) 0.33 × 10⁶

(c) 7 × 10–²⁴

(d) 10–²²
59. (a) : Energy of photon E = 1 MeV
Momentum of photon p = E/c
∴p = E = 1×10⁶×1.6×10–¹⁹ J = 0.53×10–²¹
c 3×10⁸ ms–¹
≈ 5 × 10–22 kg m/s.
60. The velocity of photons is proportional to (where υ = frequency)

(a) 1/√ υ

(b) υ²

(c) υ

(d) √υ
60. (*) : The velocity of a photon in vacuum is a constant. c = υλ. But
c = constant and one cannot say that it is proportional to υ or λ but
only c = υλ.
In media, for a particular medium, u remain the same, velocity
changes. Therefore λ changes. The question is wrong.
61. Momentum of photon of wavelength λ is

(a) hc/υ

(b) zero

(c) hλ/c²

(d) hλ/c
61. (a) : Momentum of the photon = hυ/c
62. An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of
10,000 V. Its de Broglie wavelength is, (nearly) (me = 9 × 10–³¹ kg)

(a) 12.2 nm

(b) 12.2 × 10–¹³ m

(c) 12.2 × 10–¹² m

(d) 12.2 × 10–¹⁴ m

62. (c) : de Broglie wavelength of electron,
63. Which one of the following phenomena is not explained by
Huygen’s construction of wavefront ?

(a) Refraction

(b) Reflection

(c) Diffraction

(d) Origin of spectra

63. (d) : Huygen’s construction of wavefront does not
apply to origin of spectra which is explained by quantum
theory.
64. The frequency of a light wave in a material is 2 × 10¹⁴ Hz
and wavelength is 5000 Å. The refractive index of material will be

(a) 1.50

(b) 3.00

(c) 1.33

(d) 1.40
64. (b) : µ = velocity of light in vacuum (c)
velocity of light in medicum (v)
v = ul = 2 × 10¹⁴ × 5000 × 10–¹⁰ = 10⁸ m/s
65. An electromagnetic radiation of frequency n, wavelength λ,
travelling with velocity v in air, enters a glass slab of refractive
index μ. The frequency, wavelength and velocity of light in the glass
slab will be respectively
65. (d) : Frequency = n; Wavelength = λ; Velocity of light in air = v
and refractive index of glass slab = μ Frequency of light remains the
same, when it changes the medium. Refractive index is the ratio of
wavelengths in vacuum and in the given medium. Similarly
refractive index is also the ratio of velocities in vacuum and in the
given medium.
66. The refractive index of water is 1.33. What will be the speed of
light in water?

(a) 4 × 10⁸ m/s

(b) 1.33 × 10⁸ m/s

(c) 3 × 10⁸ m/s

(d) 2.25 × 10⁸ m/s

66. (d) : Refractive index of water (m2) = 1.33.
67. Light travels through a glass plate of thickness t and having a
refractive index m. If c is the velocity of light in vacuum, the time
taken by light to travel this thickness of glass is

(a) t/µc

(b) µt/c

(c) tμc

(d) tc/µ
67.
68. A star, which is emitting radiation at a wavelength of 5000 Å, is
approaching the earth with a velocity of 1.5 × 10⁴ m/s. The change
in wavelength of the radiation as received on the earth is

(a) 25 Å

(b) 100 Å

(c) zero

(d) 2.5 Å
68. (a) : Wavelength (λ) = 5000 Å and velocity (v) = 1.5 × 10⁴ m/s
Wavelength of the approaching star,
69. A beam of monochromatic light is refracted from vacuum into a
medium of refractive index 1.5. The wavelength of refracted light
will be

(a) depend on intensity of refracted light

(b) Same

(c) smaller

(d) larger
69. (c) : λ′ of refracted light is smaller, because λ′ = λ/µ
70. The interference pattern is obtained with two coherent light
sources of intensity ratio n. In the interference pattern, the ratio
70. (b) : Here, I1/I2 = n
71. In a double slit experiment, when light of wavelength 400 nm
was used, the angular width of the first minima formed on a screen
placed 1 m away, was found to be 0.2°. What will be the angular
width of the first minima, if the entire experimental apparatus is
immersed in water? (mwater = 4/3)

(a) 0.1°

(b) 0.266°

(c) 0.15°

(d) 0.05°
71. (c) : Angular width for first minima in Young’s
double slit experiment, θ = λ/a For given value of a, θ ∝ l
72. In a Young’ double slit experiment if there is no initial phase
difference between the light from the two slits, a point on the screen
corresponding to the fifth minimum has path difference.

(a) 5 2/λ

(b) 10 2/λ

(c) 9 2/λ

(d) 11 2/λ
72. (c) : Given, there is no initial phase difference.
Initial phase = d = 0
Again, phase difference = 2π/λ × path difference
73. Two slits in Young’s experiment have widths in the ratio 1 : 25.
The ratio of intensity at the maxima and minima in the interference
pattern, Imax is
Imin

(a) 49/121

(b) 4/9

(c) 9/4

(d) 121/49
73. (c) : As, intensity I ∝ width of slit W
Also, intensity I ∝ square of amplitude A
74. Green light of wavelength 5460 Å is incident on an air-glass
interface. If the refractive index of glass is 1.5, the wavelength of
light in glass would be (c = 3 × 10⁸ m s–¹)

(a) 3640 Å

(b) 5460 Å

(c) 4861 Å

(d) none of these.

74. (a) : λg = λa/μ = 5460 = 3640Å
1.5
75.An object is placed at a distance of 40 cm from a concave mirror
of focal length 15 cm. If the object is displaced through a distance of
20 cm towards the mirror, the displacement of the image will be

(a) 30 cm away from the mirror

(b) 36 cm away from the mirror

(c) 30 cm towards the mirror

(d) 36 cm towards the mirror.

75.
76. A beam of light from a source L is incident normally on a plane
mirror fixed at a certain distance x from the source. The beam is
reflected back as a spot on a scale placed just above the source L.
When the mirror is rotated through a small angle q, the spot of the
light is found to move through a distance y on the scale. The angle q
is given by

(a) y/x

(b) x/2y

(c) x/y

(d) y/2x
76. (d) : When mirror is rotated by θ angle reflected ray will be
rotated by 2θ.
For small angle θ,
Tan2θ ≈ 2θ = y/x
∴θ=y
2x
77. Two plane mirrors are inclined at 70°. A ray incident on one
mirror at angle, θ after reflection falls on second mirror and is
reflected from there parallel to first mirror. The value of θ is

(a) 45°

(b) 30°

(c) 55°

(d) 50°
77. (d) : Different angles as shown in the figure.
78. An air bubble in a glass slab with refractive index 1.5 (near
normal incidence) is 5 cm deep when viewed from one surface and 3
cm deep when viewed from the opposite face. The thickness (in cm)
of the slab is

(a) 8

(b) 10

(c) 12

(d) 16.
78. (c) : Here m = 1.5
l = length of the slab
x = position of air bubble from one side
As per question, total apparent length of slab = 5 + 3
79. A beam of light composed of red and green ray is incident
obliquely at a point on the face of rectangular glass slab. When
coming out on the opposite parallel face, the red and green ray
emerge from

(a) two points propagating in two different non parallel directions

(b) two points propagating in two different parallel directions

(c) one point propagating in two different directions

(d) one point propagating in the same directions.

79. (b) : The velocities of different colours is different in
a given medium. Red and green are refracted at different
angle of refraction.
80. In total internal reflection when the angle of incidence is equal
to the critical angle for the pair of media in contact, what will be
angle of refraction?

(a) 90°

(b) 180°

(c) 0°

(d) equal to angle of incidence

80. (a) : When the angle of refraction is equal to 90°,
the angle of incidence is called the critical angle.
81. Optical fibre are based on

(a) total internal reflection

(b) less scattering

(c) Refraction

(d) less absorption coefficient.

81. (a) : no explanation
82. A boy is trying to start a fire by focusing sunlight on a piece of
paper using an equiconvex lens of focal length 10 cm. The diameter
of the sun is 1.39 × 10⁹ m and its mean distance from the earth is 1.5
× 10¹¹ m. What is the diameter of the sun’s image on the paper?

(a) 6.5 × 10–⁵ m

(b) 12.4 × 10–⁴ m

(c) 9.2 × 10–⁴ m

(d) 6.5 × 10–⁴ m

82.

size of the image = 9.2 × 10–⁴ m

83. A ray is incident at an angle of incidence i on one surface of a
small angle prism (with angle of prism A) and emerges normally
from the opposite surface. If the refractive index of the material of
the prism is m, then the angle of incidence is nearly equal to

(a) A/2μ

(b) 2A/μ

(c) μA

(d) μA/2
83. (c) : Light ray emerges normally from another surface
so angle of emergence (e) = 0
r2 = 0
r1 + r2 = A ⇒ r1 = A
Using Snell’s law on first surface,
1 × sin i = m sin r1
sin i = m sin A
For small angles, sin A ≈ A
Hence, i = mA
84. The angle of incidence for a ray of light at a refracting surface of
a prism is 45°. The angle of prism is 60°. If the ray suffers minimum
deviation through the prism, the angle of minimum deviation and
refractive index of the material of the prism respectively, are

(a) 45°;√2

(b) 30°;1/√2

(c) 45°;1/√2

(d) 30°;√2
84. (d) : Given, i = 45°, A = 60°
Since the ray undergoes minimum deviation, therefore,
angle of emergence from second face, e = i = 45°
85. The refracting angle of a prism is A, and refractive index of the
material of the prism is cot (A/2). The angle of minimum deviation
is

(a) 90° – A

(b) 180° + 2A

(c) 180° – 3A

(d) 180° – 2A
85.
86. The angle of a prism is A. One of its refracting surfaces is
silvered. Light rays falling at an angle of incidence 2A on the first
surface returns back through the same path after suffering reflection
at the silvered surface. The refractive index m, of the prism is

(a) 2sinA

(b) 2cosA

(c) 1/2cos A

(d) tanA
86. (b) : On reflection from the silvered surface, the incident ray will
retrace its path, if it falls normally on the surface.
By geometry, r = A
Applying Snell’s law at surface PQ,
1sini = μsinr
87. A ray of light is incident on a 60° prism at the minimum
deviation position. The angle of refraction at the first face (i.e.,
incident face) of the prism is

(a) zero

(b) 30°

(c) 45°

(d) 60°
87. (b) : Angle of prism,
A = r1 + r2
For minimum deviation
r1 = r2 = r i.e A = 2r
Given, A = 60°
Hence, r = A/2 = 60°/2 = 30°
88. Rainbow is formed due to

(a) scattering and refraction

(b) internal reflection and dispersion

(c) reflection only

(d) diffraction and dispersion.

88. (b) : The rainbow is an example of the dispersion of
sunlight by the water drops in the atmosphere. This is a
phenomenon due to a combination of the refraction of
sunlight by spherical water droplets and of internal (not
total) reflection.
89. A 100 W resistance and a capacitor of 100 W reactance are
connected in series across a 220 V source. When the capacitor is
50% charged, the peak value of the displacement current is

(a) 2.2 A

(b) 11 A

(c) 4.4 A

(d) 11 √2 A
89. (a) : Here, R = 100 Ω, Xc = 100 W
90. Light with an average flux of 20 W/cm² falls on a
non-reflecting surface at normal incidence having surface area 20
cm². The energy received by the surface during time span of 1
minute is

(a) 10 × 10³ J

(b) 12 × 10³ J

(c) 24 × 10³ J

(d) 48 × 10³ J
90. (c) : Energy received in 1 minute = Intensity × Area× Time
E = (20 W/cm²) × (20 cm²) × (1 × 60 s) = 24 × 10³ J
91. The ratio of contributions made by the electric field and
magnetic field components to the intensity of an electromagnetic
wave is (c = speed of electromagnetic waves)

(a) c : 1

(b) 1 : 1

(c) 1 : c

(d) 1 : c²
91. (b) : Energy of electromagnetic wave is equally
distributed in the form of electric and magnetic field
energy, so ratio UE = 1
UB 1
92. For a transparent medium relative permeability and permittivity,
µr and er are 1.0 and 1.44 respectively. The velocity of light in this
medium would be

(a) 2.5 × 10⁸ m/s

(b) 3 × 10⁸ m/s

(c) 2.08 × 10⁸ m/s

(d) 4.32 × 10⁸ m/s

92. (a) : Given : relative permittivity, er = 1.44 and relative
permeability, μr = 1
93. In an electromagnetic wave in free space the root mean
square value of the electric field is Erms = 6 V m–¹. The peak value
of the magnetic field is

(a) 2.83 × 10–⁸ T

(b) 0.70 × 10–⁸ T

(c) 4.23 × 10–⁸ T

(d) 1.41 × 10–⁸ T

93. (a) : Given: Erms = 6 V m–1
94. Light with an energy flux of 25 × 10⁴ W m–² falls on a
perfectly reflecting surface at normal incidence. If the surface area is
15 cm², the average force exerted on the surface is

(a) 1.25 × 10–⁶ N

(b) 2.50 × 10–⁶ N

(c) 1.20 × 10–⁶ N

(d) 3.0 × 10–⁶ N

94. (b) : Here, Energy flux, I = 25 × 10⁴ W m–²
Area, A = 15 cm² = 15 × 10–⁴ m²
Speed of light, c = 3 × 10⁸ m s–¹
For a perfectly reflecting surface, the average force exerted on the
surface is
95. Which of the following statement is false for the properties of
electromagnetic waves ?

(a) Both electric and magnetic field vectors attain the maxima and
minima at the same place and same time.

(b) The energy in electromagnetic wave is divided equally between

electric and magnetic vectors.

(c) Both electric and magnetic field vectors are parallel to each other
and perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave.

(d) These waves do not require any material medium for

propagation
95. (c) : In an electromagnetic wave both electric and
magnetic vectors are perpendicular to each other as well
as perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave.
96. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave in free
space is given by Ē = 10cos(10⁷t + Kx)j^ V/m, where t and x are in
seconds and metres respectively. It can be inferred that
(1) the wavelength l is 188.4 m.
(2) the wave number k is 0.33 rad/m.
(3) the wave amplitude is 10 V/m.
(4) the wave is propagating along +x direction.

Which one of the following pairs of statements is correct?

(a) (3) and (4)
(b) (1) and (2)
(c) (2) and (3)
(d) (1) and (3)
96. (d) : As given E = 10cos(10⁷t + kx). …..(i)
97. The velocity of electromagnetic wave is parallel to

(a) B×E

(b) E×B

(c) E

(d) B
97. (b) : According to Maxwell, the electromagnetic waves are those
waves in which there are sinusoidal variation of electric and
magnetic field vectors at right angles to each other as well as at
right angles to the direction of wave propagation.

If the electric field (E) and magnetic field (B) are vibrating along Y
and Z direction, propagation of electromagnetic wave will be along
the X-axis. Therefore, the velocity of electromagnetic wave is
parallel to E×B.
98. If e0 and m0 are the electric permittivity and magnetic
permeability in a free space, e and m are the corresponding
quantities in medium, the index of refraction of the medium is
98
99. The frequency of electromagnetic wave, which best suited to
observe a particle of radius 3 × 10–⁴ cm is of the order of

(a) 10¹⁵

(b) 10¹⁴

(c) 10¹³

(d) 10¹²
99. (b) : The wave length of radiation used should be
less than the size of the particle

However, when frequency is higher than this, wavelength

is still smaller. Resolution becomes better.
100. A signal emitted by an antenna from a certain point can be
received at another point of the surface in the form of

(a) sky wave

(b) ground wave

(c) sea wave (d) both

(a) and (b)

100. (d) no explanation