Pic16F7X7 Data Sheet: 28/40/44-Pin, 8-Bit Cmos Flash Microcontrollers With 10-Bit A/D and Nanowatt Technology

2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary DS30498B
PIC16F7X7
Data Sheet
28/40/44-Pin, 8-Bit CMOS Flash
Microcontrollers with 10-Bit A/D
and nanoWatt Technology
DS30498B-page ii Preliminary 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
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2003, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
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The Companys quality system processes and
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8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ

code hopping
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2003 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30498B-page 1
PIC16F7X7
Low-Power Features:
Power Managed modes:
- Primary Run (XT, RC oscillator, 76 A,
1 MHz, 2V)
- RC_RUN (7 A, 31.25 kHz, 2V)
- SEC_RUN (9 A, 32 kHz, 2V)
- Sleep (0.1 A, 2V)
Timer1 Oscillator (1.8 A, 32 kHz, 2V)
Watchdog Timer (0.7 A, 2V)
Two-Speed Oscillator Start-up
Oscillators:
Three Crystal modes:
- LP, XT, HS (up to 20 MHz)
Two External RC modes
One External Clock mode:
- ECIO (up to 20 MHz)
Internal Oscillator Block:
- 8 user-selectable frequencies (31 kHz,
125 kHz, 250 kHz, 500 kHz, 1 MHz, 2 MHz,
4 MHz, 8 MHz)
Analog Features:
10-bit, up to 14-channel Analog-to-Digital Converter:
- Programmable Acquisition Time
- Conversion available during Sleep mode
Dual Analog Comparators
Programmable Low Current Brown-out Reset
(BOR) Circuitry and Programmable Low-Voltage
Detect (LVD)
Peripheral Features:
High Sink/Source Current: 25 mA
Two 8-bit Timers with Prescaler
Timer1/RTC module:
- 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler
- Can be incremented during Sleep via
external 32 kHz watch crystal
Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) with
3-wire SPI
TM
and I
2
C
TM
(Master and Slave) modes
Addressable Universal Synchronous
Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (AUSART)
Three Capture, Compare, PWM modules:
- Capture is 16-bit, max. resolution is 12.5 ns
- Compare is 16-bit, max. resolution is 200 ns
- PWM max. resolution is 10 bits
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) 40/44-pin devices only
Special Microcontroller Features:
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor for protecting critical
applications against crystal failure
Two-Speed Start-up mode for immediate code
execution
Power-on Reset (POR), Power-up Timer (PWRT)
and Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
Programmable Code Protection
Processor Read Access to Program Memory
Power Saving Sleep mode
In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) via
two pins
MPLAB
In-Circuit Debug (ICD) via two pins

MCLR pin function replaceable with input only pin
Device
Program
Memory
(# Single-Word
Instructions)
Data
SRAM
(Bytes)
I/O
I
n
t
e
r
r
u
p
t
s
10-bit
A/D (ch)
C
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
o
r
s
CCP
(PWM)
MSSP
AUSART
Timers
8/16-bit
SPI
I
2
C
(Master)
PIC16F737 4096 368 25 16 11 2 3 Yes Yes Yes 2/1
PIC16F747 4096 368 36 17 14 2 3 Yes Yes Yes 2/1
PIC16F767 8192 368 25 16 11 2 3 Yes Yes Yes 2/1
PIC16F777 8192 368 36 17 14 2 3 Yes Yes Yes 2/1
28/40/44-Pin, 8-Bit CMOS Flash Microcontrollers with
10-Bit A/D and nanoWatt Technology
PIC16F7X7
DS30498B-page 2 Preliminary 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Pin Diagrams
P
I
C
1
6
F
7
3
7
/
7
6
7
10
11
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
7
9
12
13
14 15
16
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
26
27
28
22
21
MCLR/VPP/RE3
RA0/AN0
RA1/AN1
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
RA5/AN4/LVDIN/SS/C2OUT
VSS
OSC2/CLKO/RA6
OSC1/CLKI/RA7
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RB7/PGD
RB6/PGC
RB5/AN13/CCP3
RB4/AN11
RB3/CCP2
(1)
/AN9
RB2/AN8
RB1/AN10
RB0/INT/AN12
VDD
VSS
RC7/RX/DT
RC6/TX/CK
RC5/SDO
RC4/SDI/SDA
PDIP, SOIC, SSOP (28-pin)
2
3
4
5
6
1
7
M
C
L
R
/
V
P
P
/
R
E
3
R
A
0
/
A
N
0
R
A
1
/
A
N
1
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
RB0/INT/AN12
VDD
VSS
RC7/RX/DT
R
C
6
/
T
X
/
C
K
R
C
5
/
S
D
O
R
C
4
/
S
D
I
/
S
D
A
VSS
OSC2/CLKO/RA6
OSC1/CLKI/RA7
R
C
0
/
T
1
O
S
O
/
T
1
C
K
I
R
C
1
/
T
1
O
S
I
/
C
C
P
2
R
C
2
/
C
C
P
1
R
C
3
/
S
C
K
/
S
C
L
23 24 25 26 27 28 22
R
B
7
/
P
G
D
R
B
6
/
P
G
C
R
B
5
/
A
N
1
3
/
C
C
P
3
R
B
4
/
A
N
1
1
RB3/CCP2
(1)
/AN9
RB2/AN8
RB1/AN10
10 11 8 9 1213 14
QFN (28-pin)
PIC16F737
PIC16F767
Note 1: RB3 is the alternate pin for the CCP2 pin multiplexing.
10
11
2
3
4
5
6
1
1
8
1
9
2
0
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
3
8
8
7
4
4
4
3
4
2
4
1
4
0
3
9
1
6
1
7
29
30
31
32
33
23
24
25
26
27
28
3
6
3
4
3
5
9
PIC16F747
3
7
R
A
3
/
A
N
3
/
V
R
E
F
+
R
A
2
/
A
N
2
/
V
R
E
F
-
/
C
V
R
E
F
R
A
1
/
A
N
1
R
A
0
/
A
N
0
M
C
L
R
/
V
P
P
/
R
E
3
N
C
R
B
7
/
P
G
D
R
B
6
/
P
G
C
R
B
5
/
A
N
1
3
/
C
C
P
3
R
B
4
/
A
N
1
1
R
B
3
/
C
C
P
2
(
1
)
/
A
N
9
R
C
6
/
T
X
/
C
K
R
C
5
/
S
D
O
R
C
4
/
S
D
I
/
S
D
A
R
D
3
/
P
S
P
3
R
D
2
/
P
S
P
2
R
D
1
/
P
S
P
1
R
D
0
/
P
S
P
0
R
C
3
/
S
C
K
/
S
C
L
R
C
2
/
C
C
P
1
R
C
1
/
T
1
O
S
I
/
C
C
P
2
R
C
0
/
T
1
O
S
O
/
T
1
C
K
I
OSC2/CLKO/RA6
OSC1/CLKI/RA7
VSS
VDD
RE2/CS/AN7
RE1/WR/AN6
RE0/RD/AN5
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
RC7/RX/DT
RD4/PSP4
RD5/PSP5
RD6/PSP6
RD7/PSP7
VSS
VDD
RB0/INT/AN12
RB1/AN10
RB2/AN8
PIC16F777
QFN (44-pin)
VDD
VSS
NC
PIC16F7X7
Pin Diagrams (Continued)
10
11
2
3
4
5
6
1
1
8
1
9
2
0
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
3
8
8
7
4
4
4
3
4
2
4
1
4
0
3
9
1
6
1
7
29
30
31
32
33
23
24
25
26
27
28
3
6
3
4
3
5
9
PIC16F747
3
7
R
A
3
/
A
N
3
/
V
R
E
F
+
R
A
2
/
A
N
2
/
V
R
E
F
-
/
C
V
R
E
F
R
A
1
/
A
N
1
R
A
0
/
A
N
0
M
C
L
R
/
V
P
P
/
R
E
3
N
C
R
B
7
/
P
G
D
R
B
6
/
P
G
C
R
B
5
/
A
N
1
3
/
C
C
P
3
R
B
4
/
A
N
1
1
N
C
R
C
6
/
T
X
/
C
K
R
C
5
/
S
D
O
R
C
4
/
S
D
I
/
S
D
A
R
D
3
/
P
S
P
3
R
D
2
/
P
S
P
2
R
D
1
/
P
S
P
1
R
D
0
/
P
S
P
0
R
C
3
/
S
C
K
/
S
C
L
R
C
2
/
C
C
P
1
R
C
1
/
T
1
O
S
I
/
C
C
P
2
N
C
NC
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
OSC1/CLKI/RA7
OSC2/CLKO/RA6
VSS
VDD
RE2/CS/AN7
RE1/WR/AN6
RE0/RD/AN5
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
RC7/RX/DT
RD4/PSP4
RD5/PSP5
RD6/PSP6
RD7/PSP7
VSS
VDD
RB0/INT/AN12
RB1/AN10
RB2/AN8
RB3/CCP2
(1)
/AN9
TQFP (44-pin)
PIC16F777
RB7/PGD
RB6/PGC
RB5/AN13/CCP3
RB4/AN11
RB3/CCP2
(1)
/AN9
RB2/AN8
RB1/AN10
RB0/INT/AN12
VDD
VSS
RD7/PSP7
RD6/PSP6
RD5/PSP5
RD4/PSP4
RC7/RX/DT
RC6/TX/CK
RC5/SDO
RC4/SDI/SDA
RD3/PSP3
RD2/PSP2
MCLR/VPP/RE3
RA0/AN0
RA1/AN1
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
RE0/RD/AN5
RE1/WR/AN6
RE2/CS/AN7
VDD
VSS
OSC2/CLKO/RA6
OSC1/CLKI/RA7
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RD0/PSP0
RD1/PSP1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
P
I
C
1
6
F
7
4
7
/
7
7
7
PDIP (40-pin)
Note 1: RB3 is the alternate pin for the CCP2 pin multiplexing.
PIC16F7X7
Table of Contents
1.0 Device Overview......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 Memory Organization................................................................................................................................................................ 15
3.0 Reading Program Memory........................................................................................................................................................ 31
4.0 Oscillator Configurations........................................................................................................................................................... 33
5.0 I/O Ports.................................................................................................................................................................................... 49
6.0 Timer0 Module.......................................................................................................................................................................... 73
7.0 Timer1 Module.......................................................................................................................................................................... 77
8.0 Timer2 Module.......................................................................................................................................................................... 85
9.0 Capture/Compare/PWM Modules............................................................................................................................................. 87
10.0 Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module..................................................................................................................... 93
11.0 Addressable Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) ............................................................ 133
12.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module .............................................................................................................................. 151
13.0 Comparator Module ................................................................................................................................................................ 161
14.0 Comparator Voltage Reference Module ................................................................................................................................. 167
15.0 Special Features of the CPU .................................................................................................................................................. 169
16.0 Instruction Set Summary......................................................................................................................................................... 193
17.0 Development Support ............................................................................................................................................................. 201
18.0 Electrical Characteristics......................................................................................................................................................... 207
19.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables ..................................................................................................................... 237
20.0 Packaging Information ............................................................................................................................................................ 239
Appendix A: Revision History ........................................................................................................................................................... 249
Appendix B: Device Differences........................................................................................................................................................ 249
Appendix C: Conversion Considerations........................................................................................................................................... 250
Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 251
On-Line Support ................................................................................................................................................................................ 259
Systems Information and Upgrade Hot Line ..................................................................................................................................... 259
Reader Response ............................................................................................................................................................................. 260
PIC16F7X7 Product Identification System........................................................................................................................................ 261
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PIC16F7X7
1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW
This document contains device specific information
about the following devices:
PIC16F737/767 devices are available only in 28-pin
packages, while PIC16F747/777 devices are available
in 40-pin and 44-pin packages. All devices in the
PIC16F7X7 family share common architecture with the
following differences:
The PIC16F737 and PIC16F767 have one-half of
the total on-chip memory of the PIC16F747 and
PIC16F777.
The 28-pin devices have 3 I/O ports, while the
40/44-pin devices have 5.
The 28-pin devices have 16 interrupts, while the
40/44-pin devices have 17.
The 28-pin devices have 11 A/D input channels,
while the 40/44-pin devices have 14.
The Parallel Slave Port is implemented only on
the 40/44-pin devices.
Low-Power modes: RC_RUN allows the core and
peripherals to be clocked from the INTRC, while
SEC_RUN allows the core and peripherals to be
clocked from the low-power Timer1. Refer to
Section 4.7 Power Managed Modes for
further details.
Internal RC oscillator with eight selectable
frequencies, including 31.25 kHz, 125 kHz,
250 kHz, 500 kHz, 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz and
8 MHz. The INTRC can be configured as a primary
or secondary clock source. Refer to Section 4.5
Internal Oscillator Block for further details.
The Timer1 module current consumption has
been greatly reduced from 20 A (previous PIC16
devices) to 1.8 A typical (32 kHz at 2V), which is
ideal for real-time clock applications. Refer to
Section 7.0 Timer1 Module for further details.
Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT) that can have a
programmable period from 1 ms to 268s. The WDT
has its own 16-bit prescaler. Refer to Section 15.17
Watchdog Timer (WDT) for further details.
Two-Speed Start-up: When the oscillator is
configured for LP, XT or HS, this feature will clock
the device from the INTRC while the oscillator is
warming up. This, in turn, will enable almost
immediate code execution. Refer to
Section 15.17.3 Two-Speed Clock Start-up
Mode for further details.
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor: This feature will allow the
device to continue operation if the primary or
secondary clock source fails, by switching over to
the INTRC.
The available features are summarized in Table 1-1.
Block diagrams of the PIC16F737/767 and
PIC16F747/777 devices are provided in Figure 1-1 and
Figure 1-2, respectively. The pinouts for these device
families are listed in Table 1-2 and Table 1-3.
Additional information may be found in the PICmicro
Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual

(DS33023), which may be obtained from your local
Microchip Sales Representative or downloaded from
the Microchip web site. The Reference Manual should
be considered a complementary document to this data
sheet and is highly recommended reading for a better
understanding of the device architecture and operation
of the peripheral modules.
TABLE 1-1: PIC16F7X7 DEVICE FEATURES
PIC16F737 PIC16F767
PIC16F747 PIC16F777
Key Features PIC16F737 PIC16F747 PIC16F767 PIC16F777
Operating Frequency DC 20 MHz DC 20 MHz DC 20 MHz DC 20 MHz
Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR
(PWRT, OST)
POR, BOR
(PWRT, OST)
POR, BOR
(PWRT, OST)
POR, BOR
(PWRT, OST)
Flash Program Memory (14-bit words) 4K 4K 8K 8K
Data Memory (bytes) 368 368 368 368
Interrupts 16 17 16 17
I/O Ports Ports A, B, C Ports A, B, C, D, E Ports A, B, C Ports A, B, C, D, E
Timers 3 3 3 3
Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 3 3 3 3
Master Serial Communications MSSP, USART MSSP, USART MSSP, USART MSSP, USART
Parallel Communications PSP PSP
10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module 11 Input Channels 14 Input Channels 11 Input Channels 14 Input Channels
Instruction Set 35 Instructions 35 Instructions 35 Instructions 35 Instructions
Packaging 28-pin PDIP
28-pin SOIC
28-pin SSOP
28-pin QFN
40-pin PDIP
44-pin QFN
44-pin TQFP
28-pin PDIP
28-pin SOIC
28-pin SSOP
28-pin QFN
40-pin PDIP
44-pin QFN
44-pin TQFP
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 1-1: PIC16F737 AND PIC16F767 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Standard
Program
Memory
4K/8K x 14
13
Data Bus
8
14
Program
Bus
Instruction Register
Program Counter
8-Level Stack
(13-bit)
RAM
File
Registers
368 x 8
Direct Addr
7
RAM Addr
(1)
9
Addr MUX
Indirect
Addr
FSR reg
Status reg
MUX
ALU
WREG
Power-up
Timer
Oscillator
Start-up Timer
Power-on
Reset
Watchdog
Timer
Instruction
Decode &
Control
Timing
Generation
OSC1/CLKI
OSC2/CLKO
VDD, VSS
PORTA
PORTB
PORTC
PORTE
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
RA5/AN4/LVDIN/
RB0/INT/AN12
RB7/PGD:RB6/PGC
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
(1)
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RC4/SDI/SDA
RC5/SDO
RC6/TX/CK
RC7/RX/DT
MCLR/VPP/RE3
8
8
Brown-out
Reset
Note 1: Pin location of CCP2 is determined by CCPMX in Configuration Word Register 1.
USART
CCP1, 2, 3
MSSP
10-bit A/D Timer0 Timer1 Timer2
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
RA1/AN1
RA0/AN0
8
3
BOR/LVD
Addressable
Comparators
Flash
RB1/AN10
RB2/AN8
RB3/CCP2
(1)
/AN9
RB4/AN11
RB5/AN13/CCP3
SS/C2OUT
OSC2/CLKO/RA6
OSC1/CLKI/RA7
RA3/AN3/VREF+
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 1-2: PIC16F747 AND PIC16F777 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Standard
Program
Memory
4K/8K x 14
13
Data Bus
8
14
Program
Bus
Instruction Register
Program Counter
8-Level Stack
(13-bit)
RAM
File
Registers
368 x 8
Direct Addr
7
RAM Addr
(1)
9
Addr MUX
Indirect
Addr
FSR reg
Status reg
MUX
ALU
WREG
Power-up
Timer
Oscillator
Start-up Timer
Power-on
Reset
Watchdog
Timer
Instruction
Decode &
Control
Timing
Generation
OSC1/CLKI
OSC2/CLKO
VDD, VSS
PORTA
PORTB
PORTC
PORTD
PORTE
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
RA5/AN4/LVDIN/
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
(1)
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RC4/SDI/SDA
RC5/SDO
RC6/TX/CK
RC7/RX/DT
RD7/PSP7:RD0/PSP0
RE0/RD/AN5
RE1/WR/AN6
RE2/CS/AN7
8
8
Brown-out
Reset
Note 1: Pin location of CCP2 is determined by CCPMX in Configuration Word Register 1.
USART
CCP1, 2, 3 MSSP
10-bit A/D Timer0 Timer1 Timer2
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
RA1/AN1
RA0/AN0
Parallel Slave Port
8
3
Comparators BOR/LVD
Addressable
RB0/INT/AN12
RB7/PGD:RB6/PGC
RB1/AN10
RB2/AN8
RB3/CCP2
(1)
/AN9
RB4/AN11
RB5/AN13/CCP3
MCLR/VPP/RE3
Flash
SS/C2OUT
OSC2/CLKO/RA6
OSC1/CLKI/RA7
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 1-2: PIC16F737 AND PIC16F767 PINOUT DESCRIPTION
Pin Name
PDIP
SSOP
SOIC
Pin #
QFN
Pin #
I/O/P
Type
Buffer
Type
Description
OSC1/CLKI/RA7
OSC1
CLKI
RA7
9 7
I
I
I/O
ST/CMOS
(3)
ST
Oscillator crystal or external clock input.
Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input. ST
buffer when configured in RC mode; otherwise CMOS.
External clock source input. Always associated with pin
function OSC1 (see OSC1/CLKI, OSC2/CLKO pins).
Digital I/O.
OSC2/CLKO/RA6
OSC2
CLKO
RA6
10 6
O
O
I/O
ST
Oscillator crystal or clock output.
Oscillator crystal output.
Connects to crystal or resonator in Crystal Oscillator
mode.
In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO, which has 1/4 the
frequency of OSC1 and denotes the instruction cycle rate.
Digital I/O.
MCLR/VPP/RE3
MCLR
VPP
RE3
1 26
I
P
I
ST Master Clear (input) or programming voltage (output).
Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an active-low
Reset to the device.
Programming voltage input.
Digital input only pin.
PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.
RA0/AN0
RA0
AN0
2 27
I/O
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
Analog input 0.
RA1/AN1
RA1
AN1
3 28
I/O
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
Analog input 1.
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
RA2
AN2
VREF-
CVREF
4 1
I/O
I
I
0
TTL
Digital I/O.
Analog input 2.
A/D reference voltage input (low).
Comparator voltage reference output.
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA3
AN3
VREF+
5 2
I/O
I
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
Analog input 3.
A/D reference voltage input (high).
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
RA4
T0CKI
C1OUT
6 3
I/O
I
O
ST
Digital I/O Open-drain when configured as output.
Timer0 external clock input.
Comparator 1 output bit.
RA5
AN4
LVDIN
SS
C2OUT
7 4
I/O
I
I/O
I
O
TTL
Digital I/O.
Analog input 4.
Low-voltage detect input.
SPI slave select input.
Comparator 2 output bit.
Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power
= Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC Oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.
PIC16F7X7
PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be software
programmed for internal weak pull-up on all inputs.
RB0/INT/AN12
RB0
INT
AN12
21 18
I/O
I
I
TTL/ST
(1)
Digital I/O.
External interrupt.
Analog input channel 12.
RB1/AN10
RB1
AN10
22 19
I/O
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
RB2/AN8
RB2
AN8
23 20
I/O
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
RB3/CCP2/AN9
RB3
CCP2
AN9
24 21
I/O
I/O
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
CCP2 capture input, compare output, PWM output.
RB4/AN11
RB4
AN11
25 22
I/O
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
RB5/AN13/CCP3
RB5
AN13
CCP3
26 23
I/O
I
I/O
TTL
Digital I/O.
RB6/PGC
RB6
PGC
27 24
I/O
I/O
TTL/ST
(2)
Digital I/O.
In-circuit debugger and ICSP programming clock.
RB7/PGD
RB7
PGD
28 25
I/O
I/O
TTL/ST
(2)
Digital I/O.
In-circuit debugger and ICSP programming data.
TABLE 1-2: PIC16F737 AND PIC16F767 PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)
Pin Name
PDIP
SSOP
SOIC
Pin #
QFN
Pin #
I/O/P
Type
Buffer
Type
Description
PIC16F7X7
PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC0
T1OSO
T1CKI
11 8
I/O
O
I
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator output.
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC1
T1OSI
CCP2
12 9
I/O
I
I/O
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator input.
Capture2 input, Compare2 output, PWM2 output.
RC2/CCP1
RC2
CCP1
13 10
I/O
I/O
ST
Digital I/O.
RC3/SCK/SCL
RC3
SCK
SCL
14 11
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
Digital I/O.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for I
2
C mode.
RC4/SDI/SDA
RC4
SDI
SDA
15 12
I/O
I
I/O
ST
Digital I/O.
SPI data in.
I
2
C data I/O.
RC5/SDO
RC5
SDO
16 13
I/O
O
ST
Digital I/O.
SPI data out.
RC6/TX/CK
RC6
TX
CK
17 14
I/O
O
I/O
ST
Digital I/O.
USART asynchronous transmit.
USART1 synchronous clock.
RC7/RX/DT
RC7
RX
DT
18 15
I/O
I
I/O
ST
Digital I/O.
USART asynchronous receive.
USART synchronous data.
VSS 8, 19 5, 16 P Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
VDD 20 17 P Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.
Pin Name
PDIP
SSOP
SOIC
Pin #
QFN
Pin #
I/O/P
Type
Buffer
Type
Description
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 1-3: PIC16F747 AND PIC16F777 PINOUT DESCRIPTION
Pin Name
PDIP
Pin #
QFN
Pin #
TQFP
Pin #
I/O/P
Type
Buffer
Type
Description
OSC1/CLKI/RA7
OSC1
CLKI
RA7
13 32 31
I
I
I/O
ST/CMOS
(4)
ST
Oscillator crystal or external clock input.
Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input.
ST buffer when configured in RC mode; otherwise
CMOS.
External clock source input. Always associated with
pin function OSC1 (see OSC1/CLKI, OSC2/CLKO
pins).
Bidirectional I/O pin.
OSC2/CLKO/RA6
OSC2
CLKO
RA6
14 33 30
O
O
I/O
ST
Oscillator crystal or clock output.
Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or
resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode.
In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO, which has
1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the
instruction cycle rate.
Bidirectional I/O pin.
MCLR/VPP/RE3
MCLR
VPP
RE3
1 18 18
I
P
I
ST Master Clear (input) or programming voltage (output).
Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an
active- low Reset to the device.
Programming voltage input.
Digital input only pin.
PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.
RA0/AN0
RA0
AN0
2 19 19
I/O
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
Analog input 0.
RA1/AN1
RA1
AN1
3 20 20
I/O
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
Analog input 1.
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
RA2
AN2
VREF-
CVREF
4 21 21
I/O
I
I
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
Analog input 2.
A/D reference voltage input (low).
Comparator voltage reference output.
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA3
AN3
VREF+
5 22 22
I/O
I
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
Analog input 3.
A/D reference voltage input (high).
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
RA4
T0CKI
C1OUT
6 23 23
I/O
I
O
ST
Digital I/O Open-drain when configured as output.
Comparator 1 output.
RA5
AN4
LVDIN
SS
C2OUT
7 24 24
I/O
I
I
I
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
Analog input 4.
Low-voltage detect input.
SPI slave select input.
Comparator 2 output.
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as an external interrupt.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as a general purpose I/O and a TTL input when used in the Parallel
Slave Port mode (for interfacing to a microprocessor bus).
PIC16F7X7
PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be
software programmed for internal weak pull-up on all
inputs.
RB0/INT/AN12
RB0
INT
AN12
33 9 8
I/O
I
I
TTL/ST
(1)
Digital I/O.
External interrupt.
RB1/AN10
RB1
AN10
34 10 9
I/O
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
RB2/AN8
RB2
AN8
35 11 10
I/O
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
RB3/CCP2/AN9
RB3
CCP2
AN9
36 12 11
I/O
I/O
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
RB4/AN11
RB4
AN11
37 14 14
I/O
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
Analog input channel 11
RB5/AN13/CCP3
RB5
AN13
CCP3
38 15 15
I/O
I
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
RB6/PGC
RB6
PGC
39 16 16
I/O
I/O
TTL/ST
(2)
Digital I/O.
In-circuit debugger and ICSP programming clock.
RB7/PGD
RB7
PGD
40 17 17
I/O
I/O
TTL/ST
(2)
Digital I/O.
In-circuit debugger and ICSP programming data.
Pin Name
PDIP
Pin #
QFN
Pin #
TQFP
Pin #
I/O/P
Type
Buffer
Type
Description
PIC16F7X7
PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC0
T1OSO
T1CKI
15 34 32
I/O
O
I
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator output.
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC1
T1OSI
CCP2
16 35 35
I/O
I
I/O
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator input.
RC2/CCP1
RC2
CCP1
17 36 36
I/O
I/O
ST
Digital I/O.
RC3/SCK/SCL
RC3
SCK
SCL
18 37 37
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
Digital I/O.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for I
2
C mode.
RC4/SDI/SDA
RC4
SDI
SDA
23 42 42
I/O
I
I/O
ST
Digital I/O.
SPI data in.
I
2
C data I/O.
RC5/SDO
RC5
SDO
24 43 43
I/O
O
ST
Digital I/O.
SPI data out.
RC6/TX/CK
RC6
TX
CK
25 44 44
I/O
O
I/O
ST
Digital I/O.
USART asynchronous transmit.
USART1 synchronous clock.
RC7/RX/DT
RC7
RX
DT
26 1 1
I/O
I
I/O
ST
Digital I/O.
USART asynchronous receive.
USART synchronous data.
Pin Name
PDIP
Pin #
QFN
Pin #
TQFP
Pin #
I/O/P
Type
Buffer
Type
Description
PIC16F7X7
PORTD is a bidirectional I/O port or Parallel Slave Port
when interfacing to a microprocessor bus.
RD0/PSP0
RD0
PSP0
19 38 38
I/O
I/O
ST/TTL
(3)
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
RD1/PSP1
RD1
PSP1
20 39 39
I/O
I/O
ST/TTL
(3)
Digital I/O.
RD2/PSP2
RD2
PSP2
21 40 40
I/O
I/O
ST/TTL
(3)
Digital I/O.
RD3/PSP3
RD3
PSP3
22 41 41
I/O
I/O
ST/TTL
(3)
Digital I/O.
RD4/PSP4
RD4
PSP4
27 2 2
I/O
I/O
ST/TTL
(3)
Digital I/O.
RD5/PSP5
RD5
PSP5
28 3 3
I/O
I/O
ST/TTL
(3)
Digital I/O.
RD6/PSP6
RD6
PSP6
29 4 4
I/O
I/O
ST/TTL
(3)
Digital I/O.
RD7/PSP7
RD7
PSP7
30 5 5
I/O
I/O
ST/TTL
(3)
Digital I/O.
PORTE is a bidirectional I/O port.
RE0/RD/AN5
RE0
RD
AN5
8 25 25
I/O
I
I
ST/TTL
(3)
Digital I/O.
Read control for Parallel Slave Port.
Analog input 5.
RE1/WR/AN6
RE1
WR
AN6
9 26 26
I/O
I
I
ST/TTL
(3)
Digital I/O.
Write control for Parallel Slave Port.
Analog input 6.
RE2/CS/AN7
RE2
CS
AN7
10 27 27
I/O
I
I
ST/TTL
(3)
Digital I/O.
Chip select control for Parallel Slave Port.
Analog input 7.
VSS 31 P Analog ground reference.
VSS 12, 31 6, 30 6, 29 P Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
VDD 8 P Analog positive supply.
VDD 11, 32 7, 28 7, 28 P Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.
NC 13, 29 12, 13,
33, 34
These pins are not internally connected. These pins
should be left unconnected.
Pin Name
PDIP
Pin #
QFN
Pin #
TQFP
Pin #
I/O/P
Type
Buffer
Type
Description
PIC16F7X7
2.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION
There are two memory blocks in each of these
PICmicro
MCUs. The program memory and data

memory have separate buses so that concurrent
access can occur and is detailed in this section. The
program memory can be read internally by user code
(see Section 3.0 Reading Program Memory).
Additional information on device memory may be found
in the PICmicro
Mid-Range MCU Family Reference

Manual (DS33023).
2.1 Program Memory Organization
The PIC16F7X7 devices have a 13-bit program counter
capable of addressing an 8K word x 14-bit program
memory space. The PIC16F767/777 devices have
8K words of Flash program memory and the
PIC16F737/747 devices have 4K words. The program
memory maps for PIC16F7X7 devices are shown in
Figure 2-1. Accessing a location above the physically
implemented address will cause a wraparound.
The Reset vector is at 0000h and the interrupt vector is
at 0004h.
2.2 Data Memory Organization
The data memory is partitioned into multiple banks
which contain the General Purpose Registers and the
Special Function Registers. Bits RP1 (Status<6>) and
RP0 (Status<5>) are the bank select bits:
Each bank extends up to 7Fh (128 bytes). The lower
locations of each bank are reserved for the Special
Function Registers. Above the Special Function Regis-
ters are General Purpose Registers, implemented as
static RAM. All implemented banks contain Special
Function Registers. Some frequently used Special
Function Registers from one bank may be mirrored in
another bank for code reduction and quicker access.
2.2.1 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER
FILE
The register file (shown in Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3)
can be accessed either directly, or indirectly, through
the File Select Register (FSR).
FIGURE 2-1: PROGRAM MEMORY MAPS AND STACKS FOR PIC16F7X7 DEVICES
RP1:RP0 Bank
00 0
01 1
10 2
11 3
PC<12:0>
13
0000h
0004h
0005h
Stack Level 1
Stack Level 8
Reset Vector
Interrupt Vector
On-Chip
CALL, RETURN
RETFIE, RETLW
1FFFh
Stack Level 2
Program
Memory
Page 0
0FFFh
1000h
07FFh
0800h
Page 1
17FFh
1800h
Page2
Page 3
Memory available on all
PIC16F7X7.
Memory available on PIC16F767
and PIC16F777. The memory
wraps to 000h through 0FFFh on
the PIC16F737 and PIC16F747.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 2-2: DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC16F737 AND THE PIC16F767
Indirect addr.
(*)
TMR0
PCL
STATUS
FSR
PORTA
PORTB
PCLATH
INTCON
PIR1
OPTION_REG
PCL
STATUS
FSR
TRISA
TRISB
PCLATH
INTCON
PIE1
PCON
00h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
08h
09h
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
11h
12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
1Eh
1Fh
80h
81h
82h
83h
84h
85h
86h
87h
88h
89h
8Ah
8Bh
8Ch
8Dh
8Eh
8Fh
90h
91h
92h
93h
94h
95h
96h
97h
98h
99h
9Ah
9Bh
9Ch
9Dh
9Eh
9Fh
20h
A0h
7Fh FFh
Bank 0 Bank 1
Unimplemented data memory locations read as 0.
* Not a physical register.
File
Address
Indirect addr.
(*)
Indirect addr.
(*)
PCL
STATUS
FSR
PCLATH
INTCON
PCL
STATUS
FSR
PCLATH
INTCON
100h
101h
102h
103h
104h
105h
106h
107h
108h
109h
10Ah
10Bh
180h
181h
182h
183h
184h
185h
186h
187h
188h
189h
18Ah
18Bh
Indirect addr.
(*)
TMR0
OPTION_REG
PIR2 PIE2
ADRESH
ADCON0 ADCON1
General
Purpose
Register
accesses
70h-7Fh
TRISB PORTB
96 Bytes
10Ch
10Dh
10Eh
10Fh
110h
18Ch
18Dh
18Eh
18Fh
190h
PMDATA
PMADR
PMCON1
PMDATH
PMADRH
17Fh 1FFh
Bank 2 Bank 3
19Fh
1A0h
11Fh
120h
CVRCON
OSCCON
CMCON
ADRESL
TMR1L
TMR1H
T1CON
TMR2
CCPR1L
CCPR1H
CCP1CON
RCSTA
TXREG
RCREG
PR2
TXSTA
SPBRG
T2CON
OSCTUNE
WDTCON
EFh
F0h
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
16Fh
170h
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
1EFh
1F0h
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
General
Purpose
Register
16 Bytes
General
Purpose
Register
16 Bytes
accesses
70h-7Fh
accesses
70h-7Fh
SSPBUF
SSPCON
SSPADD
SSPSTAT
ADCON2
PORTC
PORTE
TRISC
TRISE
CCPR2L
CCPR2H
CCP2CON
SSPCON2
CCPR3L
CCPR3H
CCP3CON
LVDCON
File
Address
File
Address
File
Address
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 2-3: DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC16F747 AND THE PIC16F777
Indirect addr.
(*)
TMR0
PCL
STATUS
FSR
PORTA
PORTB
PCLATH
INTCON
PIR1
OPTION_REG
PCL
STATUS
FSR
TRISA
TRISB
PCLATH
INTCON
PIE1
PCON
00h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
08h
09h
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
11h
12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
1Eh
1Fh
80h
81h
82h
83h
84h
85h
86h
87h
88h
89h
8Ah
8Bh
8Ch
8Dh
8Eh
8Fh
90h
91h
92h
93h
94h
95h
96h
97h
98h
99h
9Ah
9Bh
9Ch
9Dh
9Eh
9Fh
20h
A0h
7Fh FFh
Bank 0 Bank 1
Unimplemented data memory locations read as 0.
* Not a physical register.
File
Address
Indirect addr.
(*)
Indirect addr.
(*)
PCL
STATUS
FSR
PCLATH
INTCON
PCL
STATUS
FSR
PCLATH
INTCON
100h
101h
102h
103h
104h
105h
106h
107h
108h
109h
10Ah
10Bh
180h
181h
182h
183h
184h
185h
186h
187h
188h
189h
18Ah
18Bh
Indirect addr.
(*)
TMR0
OPTION_REG
PIR2 PIE2
ADRESH
ADCON0 ADCON1
General
Purpose
Register
accesses
70h-7Fh
TRISB PORTB
96 Bytes
10Ch
10Dh
10Eh
10Fh
110h
18Ch
18Dh
18Eh
18Fh
190h
PMDATA
PMADR
PMCON1
PMDATH
PMADRH
17Fh 1FFh
Bank 2 Bank 3
19Fh
1A0h
11Fh
120h
CVRCON
OSCCON
CMCON
ADRESL
TMR1L
TMR1H
T1CON
TMR2
CCPR1L
CCPR1H
CCP1CON
RCSTA
TXREG
RCREG
PR2
TXSTA
SPBRG
T2CON
OSCTUNE
WDTCON
EFh
F0h
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
16Fh
170h
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
1EFh
1F0h
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
General
Purpose
Register
16 Bytes
General
Purpose
Register
16 Bytes
accesses
70h-7Fh
accesses
70h-7Fh
SSPBUF
SSPCON
SSPADD
SSPSTAT
ADCON2
PORTC
PORTE
TRISC
TRISE
CCPR2L
CCPR2H
CCP2CON
SSPCON2
PORTD TRISD
CCPR3L
CCPR3H
CCP3CON
LVDCON
File
Address
File
Address
File
Address
PIC16F7X7
2.2.2 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
The Special Function Registers are registers used by
the CPU and peripheral modules for controlling the
desired operation of the device. These registers are
implemented as static RAM. A list of these registers is
given in Table 2-1.
The Special Function Registers can be classified into
two sets: core (CPU) and peripheral. Those registers
associated with the core functions are described in
detail in this section. Those related to the operation of
the peripheral features are described in detail in the
peripheral feature section.
TABLE 2-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Value on:
POR, BOR
Details
on page
Bank 0
00h
(4) INDF Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 0000 0000 30, 180
01h TMR0 Timer0 Module Register xxxx xxxx 76, 180
02h
(4) PCL Program Counter (PC) Least Significant Byte 0000 0000 29, 180
03h
(4) STATUS IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 21, 180
04h
(4) FSR Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer xxxx xxxx 30, 180
05h PORTA PORTA Data Latch when written: PORTA pins when read xx0x 0000 55, 180
06h PORTB PORTB Data Latch when written: PORTB pins when read xx00 0000 64, 180
07h PORTC PORTC Data Latch when written: PORTC pins when read xxxx xxxx 66, 180
08h
(5) PORTD PORTD Data Latch when written: PORTD pins when read xxxx xxxx 67, 180
09h
(5) PORTE RE3 RE2 RE1 RE0 ---- x000 68, 180
0Ah
(1,4) PCLATH Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 29, 180
0Bh
(4) INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 0000 000x 23, 180
0Ch PIR1
PSPIF
(3)
ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 25, 180
0Dh PIR2 OSFIF CMIF LVDIF BCLIF CCP3IF CCP2IF 000- 0-00 27, 180
0Eh TMR1L Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx 83, 180
0Fh TMR1H Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx 83, 180
10h T1CON T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON -000 0000 83, 180
11h TMR2 Timer2 Module Register 0000 0000 86, 180
12h T2CON TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 86, 180
13h SSPBUF Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit Register xxxx xxxx 101, 180
14h SSPCON WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 101, 180
15h CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (LSB) xxxx xxxx 90, 180
16h CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (MSB) xxxx xxxx 90, 180
17h CCP1CON CCP1X CCP1Y CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 88, 180
18h RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 000x 134, 180
19h TXREG USART Transmit Data Register 0000 0000 139, 180
1Ah RCREG USART Receive Data Register 0000 0000 141, 180
1Bh CCPR2L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (LSB) xxxx xxxx 92, 180
1Ch CCPR2H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (MSB) xxxx xxxx 92, 180
1Dh CCP2CON CCP2X CCP2Y CCP2M3 CCP2M2 CCP2M1 CCP2M0 --00 0000 88, 180
1Eh ADRESH A/D Result Register Byte xxxx xxxx 160, 180
1Fh ADCON0 ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE CHS3 ADON 0000 0000 152, 180
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as 0, r = reserved.
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as 0.
Note 1: The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for the PC<12:8>, whose contents are
transferred to the upper byte of the program counter during branches (CALL or GOTO).
2: Other (non Power-up) Resets include external Reset through MCLR and Watchdog Timer Reset.
3: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.
4: These registers can be addressed from any bank.
5: PORTD, PORTE, TRISD and TRISE are not physically implemented on the 28-pin devices (except for RE3), read as 0.
6: This bit always reads as a 1.
7: OSCON<OSTS> bit resets to 0 with dual-speed start-up and LP, HS or HS-PLL selected as the oscillator.
8: RE3 is an input only. The state of the TRISE3 bit has no effect and will always read 1.
PIC16F7X7
Bank 1
80h
81h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 22, 180
82h
(4) PCL Program Counters (PC) Least Significant Byte 0000 0000 29, 180
83h
(4)
STATUS IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 21, 180
84h
(4)
FSR Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer xxxx xxxx 30, 180
85h TRISA PORTA Data Direction Register 1111 1111 55, 181
86h TRISB PORTB Data Direction Register 1111 1111 64, 181
87h TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 66, 181
88h
(5) TRISD PORTD Data Direction Register 1111 1111 67, 181
89h
(5) TRISE
IBF
(5)
OBF
(5)
IBOV
(5)
PSPMODE
(5)
(8) PORTE Data Direction bits 0000 1111 69, 181

8Ah
(1,4) PCLATH Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 23, 180
8Bh
(4) INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 0000 000x 25, 180
8Ch PIE1
PSPIE
(3)
ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 24, 181
8Dh PIE2 OSFIE CMIE LVDIE BCLIE CCP3IE CCP2IE 000- 0-00 26, 181
8Eh PCON SBOREN POR BOR ---- -1qq 28, 181
8Fh OSCCON IRCF2 IRCF1 IRCF0
OSTS
(8) IOFS SCS1 SCS0 -000 1000 38, 181
90h OSCTUNE TUN5 TUN4 TUN3 TUN2 TUN1 TUN0 --00 0000 36, 181
91h SSPCON2 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT ACKEN RCEN PEN RSEN SEN 0000 0000 105
92h PR2 Timer2 Period Register 1111 1111 86, 181
93h SSPADD
Synchronous Serial Port (I
2
C mode) Address Register
0000 0000 101, 181
94h SSPSTAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF 0000 0000 101, 181
95h CCPR3L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (LSB) xxxx xxxx 92
96h CCPR3H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (MSB) xxxx xxxx 92
97h CCP3CON CCP3X CCP3Y CCP3M3 CCP3M2 CCP3M1 CCP3M0 --00 0000 92
98h TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 145, 181
99h SPBRG Baud Rate Generator Register 0000 0000 145, 181
9Ah Unimplemented
9Bh ADCON2 ACQT2 ACQT1 ACQT0 --00 0--- 154
9Ch CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 0000 0111 55, 161
9Dh CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 000- 0000 55, 167
9Eh ADRESL A/D Result Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 180
9Fh ADCON1 ADFM ADCS2 VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 0000 0000 153, 181
TABLE 2-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
Value on:
POR, BOR
Details
on page
PIC16F7X7
Bank 2
100h
101h TMR0 Timer0 Module Register xxxx xxxx 76, 180
102h
103h
104h
105h WDTCON WDTPS3 WDTPS2 WDTPS1 WDTPS0 SWDTEN ---0 1000 187
106h PORTB PORTB Data Latch when written: PORTB pins when read xxxx xxxx 64, 180
107h Unimplemented
108h Unimplemented
109h LVDCON IRVST LVDEN LVDL3 LVDL2 LVDL1 LVDL0 --00 0101 176
10Ah
(1,4)
PCLATH Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 23, 180
10Bh
(4)
INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 0000 000x 25, 180
10Ch PMDATA EEPROM Data Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 32, 181
10Dh PMADR EEPROM Address Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 32, 181
10Eh PMDATH EEPROM Data Register High Byte --xx xxxx 32, 181
10Fh PMADRH EEPROM Address Register High Byte ---- xxxx 32, 181
Bank 3
180h
(4)
INDF Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 0000 0000 30, 180
181h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 22, 180
182h
183h
184h
185h Unimplemented
186h TRISB PORTB Data Direction Register 1111 1111 64, 181
187h Unimplemented
188h Unimplemented
189h Unimplemented
18Ah
(1,4)
PCLATH Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 23, 180
18Bh
(4)
INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 0000 000x 25, 180
18Ch PMCON1 RD ---- ---0 32, 181
18Dh Reserved, maintain clear 0000 0000
18Eh Reserved, maintain clear 0000 0000
18Fh Reserved, maintain clear 0000 0000
TABLE 2-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
Value on:
POR, BOR
Details
on page
PIC16F7X7
2.2.2.1 Status Register
The Status register contains the arithmetic status of the
ALU, the Reset status and the bank select bits for data
memory.
The Status register can be the destination for any
instruction, as with any other register. If the Status reg-
ister is the destination for an instruction that affects the
Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is dis-
abled. These bits are set or cleared according to the
device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not
writable, therefore, the result of an instruction with the
Status register as destination may be different than
intended.
For example, CLRF STATUS, will clear the upper three
bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the Status register as
000u u1uu (where u = unchanged).
It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF,
SWAPF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the
Status register because these instructions do not affect
the Z, C or DC bits from the Status register. For other
instructions not affecting any Status bits, see
Section 16.0 Instruction Set Summary.
REGISTER 2-1: STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS 03h, 83h, 103h, 183h)
Note 1: The C and DC bits operate as a borrow
and digit borrow bit, respectively, in sub-
traction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF
instructions for examples.
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-1 R-1 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x
IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 IRP: Register Bank Select bit (used for indirect addressing)
1 = Bank 2, 3 (100h-1FFh)
0 = Bank 0, 1 (00h-FFh)
bit 6-5 RP1:RP0: Register Bank Select bits (used for direct addressing)
11 = Bank 3 (180h-1FFh)
10 = Bank 2 (100h-17Fh)
01 = Bank 1 (80h-FFh)
00 = Bank 0 (00h-7Fh)
Each bank is 128 bytes.
bit 4 TO: Time-out bit
1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction or SLEEP instruction
0 = A WDT time-out occurred
bit 3 PD: Power-down bit
1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction
0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction
bit 2 Z: Zero bit
1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero
0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero
bit 1 DC: Digit Carry/borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW, SUBWF instructions)
1 = A carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result
bit 0 C: Carry/borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW, SUBWF instructions)
1 = A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
Note: For borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the twos
complement of the second operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is
loaded with either the high or low order bit of the source register.
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0
- n = Value at POR 1 = Bit is set 0 = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
PIC16F7X7
2.2.2.2 OPTION_REG Register
The OPTION_REG register is a readable and writable
register which contains various control bits to configure
the TMR0 prescaler/WDT postscaler (single assign-
able register known also as the prescaler), the external
INT interrupt, TMR0 and the weak pull-ups on PORTB.
REGISTER 2-2: OPTION_REG REGISTER (ADDRESS 81h, 181h)
Note: To achieve a 1:1 prescaler assignment for
the TMR0 register, assign the prescaler to
the Watchdog Timer.
R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit
1 = PORTB pull-ups are disabled
0 = PORTB pull-ups are enabled by individual port latch values
bit 6 INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit
1 = Interrupt on rising edge of RB0/INT pin
0 = Interrupt on falling edge of RB0/INT pin
bit 5 T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit
1 = Transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKO)
bit 4 T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit
1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
bit 3 PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit
1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT
0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module
bit 2-0 PS2:PS0: Prescaler Rate Select bits
Legend:
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
1 : 2
1 : 4
1 : 8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
1 : 256
1 : 1
1 : 2
1 : 4
1 : 8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
Bit Value TMR0 Rate WDT Rate
PIC16F7X7
2.2.2.3 INTCON Register
The INTCON register is a readable and writable regis-
ter which contains various enable and flag bits for the
TMR0 register overflow, RB port change and external
RB0/INT pin interrupts.
REGISTER 2-3: INTCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh)
Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
condition occurs regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the global
enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User
software should ensure the appropriate
interrupt flag bits are clear prior to
enabling an interrupt.
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-x
GIE PEIE TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 GIE: Global Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables all unmasked interrupts
0 = Disables all interrupts
bit 6 PEIE: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts
0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts
bit 5 TMR0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR0 interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR0 interrupt
bit 4 INT0IE: RB0/INT External Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the RB0/INT external interrupt
0 = Disables the RB0/INT external interrupt
bit 3 RBIE: RB Port Change Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the RB port change interrupt
0 = Disables the RB port change interrupt
bit 2 TMR0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR0 register did not overflow
bit 1 INT0IF: RB0/INT External Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The RB0/INT external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = The RB0/INT external interrupt did not occur
bit 0 RBIF: RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit RBIF. Reading PORTB will end the mismatch
condition and allow flag bit RBIF to be cleared.
1 = At least one of the RB7:RB4 pins changed state (must be cleared in software)
0 = None of the RB7:RB4 pins have changed state
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
2.2.2.4 PIE1 Register
The PIE1 register contains the individual enable bits for
the peripheral interrupts.
REGISTER 2-4: PIE1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Ch)
Note: Bit PEIE (INTCON<6>) must be set to
enable any peripheral interrupt.
PSPIE
(1)
ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 PSPIE
(1)
: Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the PSP read/write interrupt
0 = Disables the PSP read/write interrupt
Note 1: PSPIE is reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain this bit clear.
bit 6 ADIE: A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the A/D converter interrupt
0 = Disables the A/D converter interrupt
bit 5 RCIE: USART Receive Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the USART receive interrupt
0 = Disables the USART receive interrupt
bit 4 TXIE: USART Transmit Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the USART transmit interrupt
0 = Disables the USART transmit interrupt
bit 3 SSPIE: Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the SSP interrupt
0 = Disables the SSP interrupt
bit 2 CCP1IE: CCP1 Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the CCP1 interrupt
0 = Disables the CCP1 interrupt
bit 1 TMR2IE: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt
bit 0 TMR1IE: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR1 overflow interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR1 overflow interrupt
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
2.2.2.5 PIR1 Register
The PIR1 register contains the individual flag bits for
the peripheral interrupts.
REGISTER 2-5: PIR1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Ch)
condition occurs regardless of the state of its
corresponding enable bit or the global enable
bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User software should
ensure the appropriate interrupt bits are clear
prior to enabling an interrupt.
R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
PSPIF
(1)
ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 PSPIF
(1)
: Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Flag bit
1 = A read or a write operation has taken place (must be cleared in software)
0 = No read or write has occurred
Note: PSPIF is reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain this bit clear.
bit 6 ADIF: A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit
1 = An A/D conversion is completed (must be cleared in software)
0 = The A/D conversion is not complete
bit 5 RCIF: USART Receive Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The USART receive buffer is full
0 = The USART receive buffer is empty
bit 4 TXIF: USART Transmit Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The USART transmit buffer is empty
0 = The USART transmit buffer is full
bit 3 SSPIF: Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The SSP interrupt condition has occurred and must be cleared in software before returning
from the Interrupt Service Routine. The conditions that will set this bit are:
SPI:
A transmission/reception has taken place.
I
2
C Slave:
I
2
C Master:
The initiated Start condition was completed by the SSP module.
The initiated Stop condition was completed by the SSP module.
The initiated Restart condition was completed by the SSP module.
The initiated Acknowledge condition was completed by the SSP module.
A Start condition occurred while the SSP module was Idle (multi-master system).
A Stop condition occurred while the SSP module was Idle (multi-master system).
0 = No SSP interrupt condition has occurred
bit 2 CCP1IF: CCP1 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1 = A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1 = A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 1 TMR2IF: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR2 to PR2 match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR2 to PR2 match occurred
bit 0 TMR1IF: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR1 register did not overflow
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
2.2.2.6 PIE2 Register
The PIE2 register contains the individual enable bits for
the CCP2 and CCP3 peripheral interrupts.
REGISTER 2-6: PIE2 REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Dh)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
OSFIE CMIE LVDIE BCLIE CCP3IE CCP2IE
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 OSFIE: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 = Disabled
bit 6 CMIE: Comparator Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 = Disabled
bit 5 LVDIE: Low-Voltage Detect Interrupt Enable bit
1 = LVD interrupt is enabled
0 = LVD interrupt is disabled
bit 4 Unimplemented: Read as 0
bit 3 BCLIE: Bus Collision Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enable bus collision interrupt in the SSP when configured for I
2
C Master mode
0 = Disable bus collision interrupt in the SSP when configured for I
2
C Master mode
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
2.2.2.7 PIR2 Register
The PIR2 register contains the flag bits for the CCP2
interrupt.
REGISTER 2-7: PIR2 REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Dh)
condition occurs regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the global
enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User
software should ensure the appropriate
interrupt flag bits are clear prior to
enabling an interrupt.
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
OSFIF CMIF LVDIF BCLIF CCP3IF CCP2IF
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 OSFIF: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Flag bit
1 = System oscillator failed, clock input has changed to INTRC (must be cleared in software)
0 = System clock operating
bit 6 CMIF: Comparator Interrupt Flag bit
1 = Comparator input has changed (must be cleared in software)
0 = Comparator input has not changed
bit 5 LVDIF: Low-Voltage Detect Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The supply voltage has fallen below the specified LVD voltage (must be cleared in software)
0 = The supply voltage is greater then the specified LVD voltage
bit 3 BCLIF: Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit
1 = A bus collision has occurred in the SSP when configured for I
2
C Master mode
0 = No bus collision has occurred
Capture mode:
Compare mode:
PWM mode:
Capture mode:
Compare mode:
PWM mode:
Unused.
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
2.2.2.8 PCON Register
The Power Control (PCON) register contains flag bits
to allow differentiation between a Power-on Reset
(POR), a Brown-out Reset (BOR), a Watchdog Reset
(WDT) and an external MCLR Reset.
REGISTER 2-8: PCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Eh)
Note: BOR is unknown on POR. It must be set
by the user and checked on subsequent
Resets to see if BOR is clear, indicating a
brown-out has occurred. The BOR status
bit is not predictable if the brown-out circuit
is disabled (by clearing the BOREN bit in
the Configuration Word register).
U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-1
SBOREN POR BOR
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7-3 Unimplemented: Read as 0
bit 2 SBOREN: Software Brown-out Reset Enable bit
If BORSEN in Configuration Word 2 is a 1 and BOREN in Configuration Word 1 is 0, then:
1 = BOR enabled
0 = BOR disabled
bit 1 POR: Power-on Reset Status bit
1 = No Power-on Reset occurred
0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs)
bit 0 BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit
1 = No Brown-out Reset occurred
0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Brown-out Reset occurs)
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
2.3 PCL and PCLATH
The Program Counter (PC) is 13 bits wide. The low
byte comes from the PCL register, which is a readable
and writable register. The upper bits (PC<12:8>) are
not readable but are indirectly writable through the
PCLATH register. On any Reset, the upper bits of the
PC will be cleared. Figure 2-4 shows the two situations
for the loading of the PC. The upper example in the
figure shows how the PC is loaded on a write to PCL
(PCLATH<4:0> PCH). The lower example in the
figure shows how the PC is loaded during a CALL or
GOTO instruction (PCLATH<4:3> PCH).
FIGURE 2-4: LOADING OF PC IN
DIFFERENT SITUATIONS
2.3.1 COMPUTED GOTO
A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset
to the program counter (ADDWF PCL). When doing a
table read using a computed GOTO method, care
should be exercised if the table location crosses a PCL
memory boundary (each 256-byte block). Refer to the
Application Note, AN556, Implementing a Table Read
(DS00556).
2.3.2 STACK
The PIC16F7X7 family has an 8-level deep x 13-bit
wide hardware stack. The stack space is not part of
either program or data space and the stack pointer is
not readable or writable. The PC is PUSHed onto the
stack when a CALL instruction is executed or an
interrupt causes a branch. The stack is POPed in the
event of a RETURN, RETLW or a RETFIE instruction
execution. PCLATH is not affected by a PUSH or POP
operation.
The stack operates as a circular buffer. This means that
after the stack has been PUSHed eight times, the ninth
push overwrites the value that was stored from the first
push. The tenth push overwrites the second push (and
so on).
2.4 Program Memory Paging
PIC16F7X7 devices are capable of addressing a con-
tinuous 8K word block of program memory. The CALL
and GOTO instructions provide only 11 bits of address to
allow branching within any 2K program memory page.
When doing a CALL or GOTO instruction, the upper
2 bits of the address are provided by PCLATH<4:3>.
When doing a CALL or GOTO instruction, the user must
ensure that the page select bits are programmed so
that the desired program memory page is addressed. If
a return from a CALL instruction (or interrupt) is exe-
cuted, the entire 13-bit PC is POPed off the stack.
Therefore, manipulation of the PCLATH<4:3> bits is
not required for the RETURN instructions (which POPs
the address from the stack).
Example 2-1 shows the calling of a subroutine in
page 1 of the program memory. This example assumes
that PCLATH is saved and restored by the Interrupt
Service Routine (if interrupts are used).
EXAMPLE 2-1: CALL OF A SUBROUTINE
IN PAGE 1 FROM PAGE 0
PC
12 8 7 0
5
PCLATH<4:0>
PCLATH
Instruction with
ALU
GOTO,CALL
Opcode <10:0>
8
PC
12 11 10 0
11 PCLATH<4:3>
PCH PCL
8 7
2
PCLATH
PCH PCL
PCL as
Destination
Note 1: There are no Status bits to indicate stack
overflow or stack underflow conditions.
2: There are no instructions/mnemonics
called PUSH or POP. These are actions
that occur from the execution of the
CALL, RETURN, RETLW and RETFIE
instructions or the vectoring to an
interrupt address.
Note: The contents of the PCLATH are
unchanged after a RETURN or RETFIE
instruction is executed. The user must set
up the PCLATH for any subsequent CALLs
or GOTOs.
ORG 0x500
BCF PCLATH, 4
BSF PCLATH, 3 ;Select page 1
;(800h-FFFh)
CALL SUB1_P1 ;Call subroutine in
: ;page 1 (800h-FFFh)
:
ORG 0x900 ;page 1 (800h-FFFh)
SUB1_P1
: ;called subroutine
: ;page 1 (800h-FFFh)
:
RETURN ;return to Call
;subroutine in page 0
;(000h-7FFh)
PIC16F7X7
2.5 Indirect Addressing, INDF and
FSR Registers
The INDF register is not a physical register. Addressing
the INDF register will cause indirect addressing.
Indirect addressing is possible by using the INDF
register. Any instruction using the INDF register actu-
ally accesses the register pointed to by the File Select
Register, FSR. Reading the INDF register itself indi-
rectly (FSR = 0) will read 00h. Writing to the INDF reg-
ister indirectly results in a no operation (although Status
bits may be affected). An effective 9-bit address is
obtained by concatenating the 8-bit FSR register and
the IRP bit (Status<7>) as shown in Figure 2-5.
A simple program to clear RAM locations 20h-2Fh
using indirect addressing is shown in Example 2-2.
EXAMPLE 2-2: INDIRECT ADDRESSING
FIGURE 2-5: DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING
MOVLW 0x20 ;initialize pointer
MOVWF FSR ;to RAM
NEXT CLRF INDF ;clear INDF register
INCF FSR, F ;inc pointer
BTFSS FSR, 4 ;all done?
GOTO NEXT ;no clear next
CONTINUE
: ;yes continue
Note 1: For register file map detail, see Figure 2-2.
Data
Memory
(1)
Indirect Addressing Direct Addressing
Bank Select Location Select
RP1:RP0 6 0
From Opcode
IRP FSR Register
7 0
Bank Select Location Select
00 01 10 11
Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3
FFh
80h
7Fh
00h
17Fh
100h
1FFh
180h
PIC16F7X7
3.0 READING PROGRAM MEMORY
The Flash program memory is readable during normal
operation over the entire VDD range. It is indirectly
addressed through Special Function Registers (SFR).
Up to 14-bit numbers can be stored in memory for use
as calibration parameters, serial numbers, packed 7-bit
ASCII, etc. Executing a program memory location con-
taining data that forms an invalid instruction results in a
NOP.
There are five SFRs used to read the program and
memory. These registers are:
PMCON1
PMDATA
PMDATH
PMADR
PMADRH
The program memory allows word reads. Program
memory access allows for checksum calculation and
reading calibration tables.
When interfacing to the program memory block, the
PMDATH:PMDATA registers form a two-byte word
which holds the 14-bit data for reads. The
PMADRH:PMADR registers form a two-byte word
which holds the 13-bit address of the Flash location
being accessed. These devices can have up to
8K words of program Flash, with an address range
from 0h to 3FFFh. The unused upper bits in both the
PMDATH and PMADRH registers are not implemented
and read as 0s.
3.1 PMADR
The address registers can address up to a maximum of
8K words of program Flash.
When selecting a program address value, the MSByte
of the address is written to the PMADRH register and
the LSByte is written to the PMADR register. The upper
MSbits of PMADRH must always be clear.
3.2 PMCON1 Register
PMCON1 is the control register for memory accesses.
The control bit, RD, initiates read operations. This bit
cannot be cleared, only set, in software. It is cleared in
hardware at the completion of the read operation.
REGISTER 3-1: PMCON1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 18Ch)
R-1 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-x U-0 U-0 R/S-0
reserved RD
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 Reserved: Read as 1
bit 0 RD: Read Control bit
1 = Initiates a Flash read, RD is cleared in hardware. The RD bit can only be set (not cleared)
in software.
0 = Flash read completed
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
3.3 Reading the Flash Program
Memory
A program memory location may be read by writing two
bytes of the address to the PMADR and PMADRH reg-
isters and then setting control bit, RD (PMCON1<0>).
Once the read control bit is set, the microcontroller will
use the next two instruction cycles to read the data. The
data is available in the PMDATA and PMDATH regis-
ters after the second NOP instruction. Therefore, it can
be read as two bytes in the following instructions. The
PMDATA and PMDATH registers will hold this value
until the next read operation.
3.4 Operation During Code-Protect
Flash program memory has its own code-protect
mechanism. External read and write operations by
programmers are disabled if this mechanism is
enabled.
The microcontroller can read and execute instructions
out of the internal Flash program memory, regardless
of the state of the code-protect configuration bits.
EXAMPLE 3-1: FLASH PROGRAM READ
TABLE 3-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRAM FLASH
BSF STATUS, RP1 ;
BCF STATUS, RP0 ; Bank 2
MOVF ADDRH, W ;
MOVWF PMADRH ; MSByte of Program Address to read
MOVF ADDRL, W ;
MOVWF PMADR ; LSByte of Program Address to read
BSF STATUS, RP0 ; Bank 3 Required
Required BSF PMCON1, RD ; EEPROM Read Sequence
Sequence NOP ; memory is read in the next two cycles after BSF PMCON1,RD
NOP ;
BCF STATUS, RP0 ; Bank 2
MOVF PMDATA, W ; W = LSByte of Program PMDATA
MOVF PMDATH, W ; W = MSByte of Program PMDATH
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
10Dh PMADR Address Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
10Fh PMADRH Address Register High Byte ---x xxxx ---u uuuu
10Ch PMDATA Data Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
10Eh PMDATH Data Register High Byte --xx xxxx --uu uuuu
18Ch PMCON1
(1)
RD 1--- ---0 1--- ---0
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, r = reserved, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used
during Flash access.
Note 1: This bit always reads as a 1.
PIC16F7X7
4.0 OSCILLATOR
CONFIGURATIONS
4.1 Oscillator Types
The PIC16F7X7 can be operated in eight different oscil-
lator modes. The user can program three configuration
bits (FOSC2:FOSC0) to select one of these eight modes
(modes 5-8 are new PIC16 oscillator configurations):
1. LP Low-Power Crystal
2. XT Crystal/Resonator
3. HS High-Speed Crystal/Resonator
4. RC External Resistor/Capacitor with
FOSC/4 output on RA6
5. RCIO External Resistor/Capacitor with
I/O on RA6
6. INTIO1 Internal Oscillator with FOSC/4
output on RA6 and I/O on RA7
7. INTIO2 Internal Oscillator with I/O on RA6
and RA7
8. ECIO External Clock with I/O on RA6
4.2 Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic
Resonators
In XT, LP or HS modes, a crystal or ceramic resonator
is connected to the OSC1/CLKI and OSC2/CLKO pins
to establish oscillation (see Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2).
The PIC16F7X7 oscillator design requires the use of a
parallel cut crystal. Use of a series cut crystal may give
a frequency out of the crystal manufacturers
specifications.
FIGURE 4-1: CRYSTAL OPERATION
(HS, XT OR LP OSC
CONFIGURATION)
TABLE 4-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR (FOR
DESIGN GUIDANCE ONLY)
Note 1: See Table 4-1 for typical values of C1 and C2.
2: A series resistor (RS) may be required for AT
strip cut crystals.
3: RF varies with the crystal chosen (typically
between 2 M to 10 M).
C1
(1)
C2
(1)
XTAL
OSC2
RS
(2)

OSC1
RF
(3)

Sleep
To Internal
Logic
PIC16F7X7
Osc Type
Crystal
Freq
Typical Capacitor Values
Tested:
C1 C2
LP 32 kHz 33 pF 33 pF
200 kHz 15 pF 15 pF
XT 200 kHz 56 pF 56 pF
1 MHz 15 pF 15 pF
4 MHz 15 pF 15 pF
HS 4 MHz 15 pF 15 pF
8 MHz 15 pF 15 pF
20 MHz 15 pF 15 pF
Capacitor values are for design guidance only.
These capacitors were tested with the crystals listed
below for basic start-up and operation. These values
were not optimized.
Different capacitor values may be required to produce
acceptable oscillator operation. The user should test
the performance of the oscillator over the expected
VDD and temperature range for the application.
See the notes following this table for additional
information.
Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability
of oscillator but also increases the
start-up time.
2: Since each crystal has its own character-
istics, the user should consult the crystal
manufacturer for appropriate values of
external components.
3: Rs may be required in HS mode, as well
as XT mode, to avoid overdriving crystals
with low drive level specification.
4: Always verify oscillator performance over
the VDD and temperature range that is
expected for the application.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 4-2: CERAMIC RESONATOR
OPERATION (HS OR XT
OSC CONFIGURATION)
TABLE 4-2: CERAMIC RESONATORS (FOR
DESIGN GUIDANCE ONLY)

4.3 External Clock Input
The ECIO Oscillator mode requires an external clock
source to be connected to the OSC1 pin. There is no
oscillator start-up time required after a Power-on Reset
or after an exit from Sleep mode.
In the ECIO Oscillator mode, the OSC2 pin becomes
an additional general purpose I/O pin. The I/O pin
becomes bit 6 of PORTA (RA6). Figure 4-3 shows the
pin connections for the ECIO Oscillator mode.
FIGURE 4-3: EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT
OPERATION
(ECIO CONFIGURATION)
Typical Capacitor Values Used:
Mode Freq OSC1 OSC2
XT 455 kHz
2.0 MHz
4.0 MHz
56 pF
47 pF
33 pF
56 pF
47 pF
33 pF
HS 8.0 MHz
16.0 MHz
27 pF
22 pF
27 pF
22 pF
Capacitor values are for design guidance only.
These capacitors were tested with the resonators
listed below for basic start-up and operation. These
values were not optimized.
Different capacitor values may be required to produce
acceptable oscillator operation. The user should test
the performance of the oscillator over the expected
VDD and temperature range for the application.
See the notes following this table for additional
information.
Note: When using resonators with frequencies
above 3.5 MHz, the use of HS mode rather
than XT mode is recommended. HS mode
may be used at any VDD for which the
controller is rated. If HS is selected, it is
possible that the gain of the oscillator will
overdrive the resonator. Therefore, a
series resistor should be placed between
the OSC2 pin and the resonator. As a
good starting point, the recommended
value of RS is 330.
Note 1: See Table 4-2 for typical values of C1 and C2.
2: A series resistor (RS) may be required.
3: RF varies with the resonator chosen (typically
between 2 M to 10 M).
C1
(1)
C2
(1)
RES
OSC2
RS
(2)

OSC1
RF
(3)

Sleep
To Internal
Logic
PIC16F7X7
OSC1/CLKI
I/O (OSC2) RA6
Clock from
Ext. System
PIC16F7X7
PIC16F7X7
4.4 RC Oscillator
For timing insensitive applications, the RC and RCIO
device options offer additional cost savings. The RC
oscillator frequency is a function of the supply voltage,
the resistor (REXT) and capacitor (CEXT) values and the
operating temperature. In addition to this, the oscillator
frequency will vary from unit to unit due to normal man-
ufacturing variation. Furthermore, the difference in lead
frame capacitance between package types will also
affect the oscillation frequency, especially for low CEXT
values. The user also needs to take into account varia-
tion due to tolerance of external R and C components
used. Figure 4-4 shows how the R/C combination is
connected.
In the RC Oscillator mode, the oscillator frequency
divided by 4 is available on the OSC2 pin. This signal may
be used for test purposes or to synchronize other logic.
FIGURE 4-4: RC OSCILLATOR MODE
The RCIO Oscillator mode (Figure 4-5) functions like
the RC mode, except that the OSC2 pin becomes an
additional general purpose I/O pin. The I/O pin
becomes bit 6 of PORTA (RA6).
FIGURE 4-5: RCIO OSCILLATOR MODE
4.5 Internal Oscillator Block
The PIC16F7X7 devices include an internal oscillator
block which generates two different clock signals;
either can be used as the systems clock source. This
can eliminate the need for external oscillator circuits on
the OSC1 and/or OSC2 pins.
The main output (INTOSC) is an 8 MHz clock source
which can be used to directly drive the system clock. It
also drives the INTOSC postscaler which can provide a
range of six clock frequencies, from 125 kHz to 4 MHz.
The other clock source is the internal RC oscillator
(INTRC), which provides a 31.25 kHz (32 s nominal
period) output. The INTRC oscillator is enabled by
selecting the INTRC as the system clock source or
when any of the following are enabled:
Power-up Timer
Watchdog Timer
Two-Speed Start-up
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
These features are discussed in greater detail in
Section 15.0 Special Features of the CPU.
The clock source frequency (INTOSC direct, INTRC
direct or INTOSC postscaler) is selected by configuring
the IRCF bits of the OSCCON register (page 38).
OSC2/CLKO
CEXT
REXT
PIC16F7X7
OSC1
FOSC/4
Internal
Clock
VDD
VSS
Recommended values: 3 k REXT 100 k
CEXT > 20 pF
CEXT
REXT
PIC16F7X7
OSC1
Internal
Clock
VDD
VSS
Recommended values: 3 k REXT 100 k
CEXT > 20 pF
I/O (OSC2) RA6
Note: Throughout this data sheet, when referring
specifically to a generic clock source, the
term INTRC may also be used to refer to
the clock modes using the internal
oscillator block. This is regardless of
whether the actual frequency used is
INTOSC (8 MHz), the INTOSC postscaler
or INTRC (31.25 kHz).
PIC16F7X7
4.5.1 INTRC MODES
Using the internal oscillator as the clock source can
eliminate the need for up to two external oscillator pins,
after which it can be used for digital I/O. Two distinct
configurations are available:
In INTIO1 mode, the OSC2 pin outputs FOSC/4,
while OSC1 functions as RA7 for digital input and
output.
In INTIO2 mode, OSC1 functions as RA7 and
OSC2 functions as RA6, both for digital input and
output.
4.5.2 OSCTUNE REGISTER
The internal oscillators output has been calibrated at the
factory but can be adjusted in the application. This is
done by writing to the OSCTUNE register (Register 4-1).
The tuning sensitivity is constant throughout the tuning
range. The OSCTUNE register has a tuning range of
12.5%.
When the OSCTUNE register is modified, the INTOSC
and INTRC frequencies will begin shifting to the new fre-
quency. The INTRC clock will reach the new frequency
within 8 clock cycles (approximately 8 * 32 s = 256 s);
the INTOSC clock will stabilize within 1 ms. Code execu-
tion continues during this shift. There is no indication that
the shift has occurred. Operation of features that depend
on the 31.25 kHz INTRC clock source frequency, such
as the WDT, Fail-Safe Clock Monitor and peripherals,
will also be affected by the change in frequency.
REGISTER 4-1: OSCTUNE: OSCILLATOR TUNING REGISTER (ADDRESS 90h)
U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
TUN5 TUN4 TUN3 TUN2 TUN1 TUN0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 5-0 TUN<5:0>: Frequency Tuning bits
011111 = Maximum frequency
011110 =
000001 =
000000 = Center frequency. Oscillator module is running at the calibrated frequency.
111111 =
100000 = Minimum frequency

Legend:
-n = Value at POR 1 = Bit is set 0 = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
PIC16F7X7
4.6 Clock Sources and Oscillator
Switching
The PIC16F7X7 devices include a feature that allows
the system clock source to be switched from the main
oscillator to an alternate low-frequency clock source.
PIC16F7X7 devices offer three alternate clock sources.
When enabled, these give additional options for
switching to the various power managed operating
modes.
Essentially, there are three clock sources for these
devices:
Primary oscillators
Secondary oscillators
Internal oscillator block (INTRC)
The primary oscillators include the External Crystal
and Resonator modes, the External RC modes, the
External Clock mode and the internal oscillator block.
The particular mode is defined on POR by the contents
of Configuration Word 1. The details of these modes
are covered earlier in this chapter.
The secondary oscillators are those external sources
not connected to the OSC1 or OSC2 pins. These
sources may continue to operate even after the
controller is placed in a power managed mode.
PIC16F7X7 devices offer the Timer1 oscillator as a
secondary oscillator. This oscillator continues to run
when a SLEEP instruction is executed and is often the
time base for functions, such as a real-time clock.
Most often, a 32.768 kHz watch crystal is connected
between the RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI and RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
pins. Like the LP mode oscillator circuit, loading capaci-
tors are also connected from each pin to ground. The
Timer1 oscillator is discussed in greater detail in
Section 7.6 Timer1 Oscillator.
In addition to being a primary clock source, the internal
oscillator block is available as a power managed
mode clock source. The 31.25 kHz INTRC source is
also used as the clock source for several special fea-
tures, such as the WDT, Fail-Safe Clock Monitor,
Power-up Timer and Two-Speed Start-up.
The clock sources for the PIC16F7X7 devices are shown
in Figure 4-6. See Section 7.0 Timer1 Module for fur-
ther details of the Timer1 oscillator. See Section 15.1
Configuration Bits for Configuration register details.
4.6.1 OSCCON REGISTER
The OSCCON register (Register 4-2) controls several
aspects of the system clocks operation, both in full
power operation and in power managed modes.
The system clock select bits, SCS1:SCS0, select the
clock source that is used when the device is operating
in power managed modes. When the bits are cleared
(SCS<1:0> = 00), the system clock source comes from
the main oscillator that is selected by the FOSC2:FOSC0
configuration bits in Configuration Register 1. When the
bits are set in any other manner, the system clock
source is provided by the Timer1 oscillator
(SCS1:SCS0 = 01) or from the internal oscillator block
(SCS1:SCS0 = 10). After a Reset, SCS<1:0> are
always set to 00.
The internal oscillator select bits, IRCF2:IRCF0, select
the frequency output of the internal oscillator block that
is used to drive the system clock. The choices are the
INTRC source (31.25 kHz), the INTOSC source
(8 MHz) or one of the six frequencies derived from the
INTOSC postscaler (125 kHz to 4 MHz). Changing the
configuration of these bits has an immediate change on
the internal oscillators output.
The OSTS and IOFS bits indicate the status of the
primary oscillator and INTOSC source; these bits are
set when their respective oscillators are stable. In par-
ticular, OSTS indicates that the Oscillator Start-up
Timer has timed out.
4.6.2 CLOCK SWITCHING
Clock switching will occur for the following reasons:
The FCMEN (CONFIG2<0>) bit is set, the device
is running from the primary oscillator and the
primary oscillator fails. The clock source will be
31.25 kHz INTRC.
The FCMEN bit is set, the device is running from
the T1OSC and T1OSC fails. The clock source
will be 31.25 kHz INTRC.
Following a wake-up due to a Reset or a POR,
when the device is configured for Two-Speed
mode, switching will occur between the INTRC and
the system clock defined by the FOSC<2:0> bits.
A wake-up from Sleep occurs due to interrupt or
WDT wake-up and Two-Speed Start-up is
enabled. If the primary clock is XT, HS or LP, the
clock will switch between the INTRC and the
primary system clock after 1024 clocks (OST) and
8 clocks of the primary oscillator. This is
conditional upon the SCS bits being set equal
to 00.
SCS bits are modified from their original value.
IRCF bits are modified from their original value.
Note: Because the SCS bits are cleared on any
Reset, no clock switching will occur on a
Reset unless the Two-Speed Start-up is
enabled and the primary clock is XT, HS or
LP. The device will wait for the primary
clock to become stable before execution
begins (Two-Speed Start-up disabled).
PIC16F7X7
4.6.3 CLOCK TRANSITION AND WDT
When clock switching is performed, the Watchdog
Timer is disabled because the Watchdog Ripple
Counter is used as the Oscillator Start-up Timer.
Once the clock transition is complete (i.e., new oscilla-
tor selection switch has occurred), the Watchdog
Counter is re-enabled with the Counter Reset. This
allows the user to synchronize the Watchdog Timer to
the start of execution at the new clock frequency.
REGISTER 4-2: OSCCON: OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER
Note: The OST is only used when switching to
XT, HS and LP Oscillator modes.
U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
IRCF2 IRCF1 IRCF0 OSTS
(1)
IOFS SCS1 SCS0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 6-4 IRCF<2:0>: Internal RC Oscillator Frequency Select bits
000 = 31.25 kHz
001 = 125 kHz
010 = 250 kHz
011 = 500 kHz
100 = 1 MHz
101 = 2 MHz
110 = 4 MHz
111 = 8 MHz
bit 3 OSTS: Oscillator Start-up Time-out Status bit
(1)
1 = Device is running from the primary system clock
0 = Device is running from T1OSC or INTRC as a secondary system clock
Note 1: Bit resets to 0 with Two-Speed Start-up and LP, XT or HS selected as the oscillator
mode.
bit 2 IOFS: INTOSC Frequency Stable bit
1 = Frequency is stable
0 = Frequency is not stable
bit 1-0 SCS<1:0>: Oscillator Mode Select bits
00 = Oscillator mode defined by FOSC<2:0>
01 = T1OSC is used for system clock
10 = Internal RC is used for system clock
11 = Reserved
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 4-6: PIC16F7X7 CLOCK DIAGRAM
4.6.4 MODIFYING THE IRCF BITS
The IRCF bits can be modified at any time, regardless
of which clock source is currently being used as the
system clock. The internal oscillator allows users to
change the frequency during run-time. This is achieved
by modifying the IRCF bits in the OSCCON register.
The sequence of events that occur after the IRCF bits
are modified is dependent upon the initial value of the
IRCF bits before they are modified. If the INTRC
(31.25 kHz, IRCF<2:0> = 000) is running and the IRCF
bits are modified to any other value than 000, a 4 ms
clock switch delay is turned on. Code execution contin-
ues at a higher than expected frequency while the new
frequency stabilizes. Time sensitive code should wait
for the IOFS bit in the OSCCON register to become set
before continuing. This bit can be monitored to ensure
that the frequency is stable before using the system
clock in time critical applications.
If the IRCF bits are modified while the internal oscillator
is running at any other frequency than INTRC
(31.25 kHz, IRCF<2:0> 000), there is no need for a
4 ms clock switch delay. The new INTOSC frequency
will be stable immediately after the eight falling edges.
The IOFS bit will remain set after clock switching
occurs.
Secondary Oscillator
T1OSCEN
Enable
Oscillator
T1OSO
T1OSI
OSC1
OSC2
Sleep
Primary Oscillator
LP, XT, HS, RC, EC
T1OSC
CPU
Peripherals
P
o
s
t
s
c
a
l
e
r
M
U
X
M
U
X
8 MHz
4 MHz
2 MHz
1 MHz
500 kHz
125 kHz
250 kHz
OSCCON<6:4>
111
110
101
100
011
010
001
000
31.25 kHz
31.25 kHz
Source
Internal
Oscillator
Block
WDT, FSCM
31.25 kHz
8 MHz
Internal Oscillator
(INTRC)
(INTOSC)
CONFIG1 (FOSC2:FOSC0)
SCS<1:0> (T1OSC)
To Timer1
Note: Caution must be taken when modifying the
IRCF bits using BCF or BSF instructions. It
is possible to modify the IRCF bits to a fre-
quency that may be out of the VDD specifi-
cation range; for example, VDD = 2.0V and
IRCF = 111 (8 MHz).
PIC16F7X7
4.6.5 CLOCK TRANSITION SEQUENCE
The following are three different sequences for
switching the internal RC oscillator frequency:
Clock before switch: 31.25 kHz
(IRCF<2:0> = 000)
1. IRCF bits are modified to an INTOSC/INTOSC
postscaler frequency.
2. The clock switching circuitry waits for a falling
edge of the current clock, at which point CLKO
is held low.
3. The clock switching circuitry then waits for eight
falling edges of requested clock, after which it
switches CLKO to this new clock source.
4. The IOFS bit is clear to indicate that the clock is
unstable and a 4 ms delay is started. Time
dependent code should wait for IOFS to
become set.
5. Switchover is complete.
Clock before switch: One of INTOSC/INTOSC
postscaler (IRCF<2:0> 000)
1. IRCF bits are modified to INTRC
(IRCF<2:0> = 000).
is held low.
3. The clock switching circuitry then waits for eight
falling edges of requested clock, after which it
switches CLKO to this new clock source.
4. Oscillator switchover is complete.
Clock before switch: One of INTOSC/INTOSC
postscaler (IRCF<2:0> 000)
1. IRCF bits are modified to a different INTOSC/
INTOSC postscaler frequency.
is held low.
3. The clock switching circuitry then waits for
eight falling edges of requested clock, after
which it switches CLKO to this new clock
source.
4. The IOFS bit is set.
5. Oscillator switchover is complete.
4.6.6 OSCILLATOR DELAY UPON
POWER-UP, WAKE-UP AND CLOCK
SWITCHING
Table 4-3 shows the different delays invoked for
various clock switching sequences. It also shows the
delays invoked for POR and wake-up.
TABLE 4-3: OSCILLATOR DELAY EXAMPLES
Switch From Switch To Frequency Oscillator Delay Comments
Sleep/POR
INTRC
T1OSC
INTOSC/INTOSC
Postscaler
31.25 kHz
32.768 kHz
125 kHz-8 MHz
5 s-10 s (approx.)
CPU Start-up
(1)
Following a wake-up from Sleep
mode or POR, CPU start-up is
invoked to allow the CPU to
become ready for code execution.
INTRC/Sleep EC, RC DC 20 MHz
INTRC
(31.25 kHz)
EC, RC DC 20 MHz
Sleep LP, XT, HS 32.768 kHz-20 MHz
1024 Clock Cycles
(OST)
Following a change from INTRC, an
OST of 1024 cycles must occur.
INTRC
(31.25 kHz)
INTOSC/INTOSC
Postscaler
125 kHz-8 MHz 4 ms
Refer to Section 4.6.4 Modifying
the IRCF bits for further details.
Note 1: The 5 s-10 s start-up delay is based on a 1 MHz system clock.
PIC16F7X7
4.7 Power Managed Modes
4.7.1 RC_RUN MODE
When SCS bits are configured to run from the INTRC,
a clock transition is generated if the system clock is not
already using the INTRC. The event will clear the
OSTS bit and switch the system clock from the primary
system clock (if SCS<1:0> = 00) determined by the
value contained in the configuration bits, or from the
T1OSC (if SCS<1:0> = 01) to the INTRC clock option,
and shut down the primary system clock to conserve
power. Clock switching will not occur if the primary
system clock is already configured as INTRC.
If the system clock does not come from the INTRC
(31.25 kHz) when the SCS bits are changed and the
IRCF bits in the OSCCON register are configured for a
frequency other than INTRC, the frequency may not be
stable immediately. The IOFS bit (OSCCON<2> will be
set when the INTOSC or postscaler frequency is stable,
after approximately 4 ms.
After a clock switch has been executed, the OSTS bit
is cleared, indicating a low-power mode and the device
does not run from the primary system clock. The inter-
nal Q clocks are held in the Q1 state until eight falling
edge clocks are counted on the INTRC oscillator. After
the eight clock periods have transpired, the clock input
to the Q clocks is released and operation resumes (see
Figure 4-7).
FIGURE 4-7: TIMING DIAGRAM FOR XT, HS, LP, EC, EXTRC TO RC_RUN MODE
Q4 Q3 Q2
OSC1
SCS<1:0>
Program
PC + 1 PC
Note 1: TINP = 32 s typical.
2: TOSC = 50 ns minimum.
3: TSCS = 8 TINP.
4: TDLY = 1 TINP.
Q1
INTOSC
Q1
TSCS
(3)
Counter
Q1
TINP
(1)
System
Clock
TOSC
(2)
Q3 Q2 Q4 Q1 Q2
PC + 2 PC + 3
Q3 Q4 Q1
TDLY
(4)
PIC16F7X7
4.7.2 SEC_RUN MODE
The core and peripherals can be configured to be
clocked by T1OSC using a 32.768 kHz crystal. The
crystal must be connected to the T1OSO and T1OSI
pins. This is the same configuration as the low-power
timer circuit (see Section 7.6 Timer1 Oscillator).
When SCS bits are configured to run from T1OSC, a
clock transition is generated. It will clear the OSTS bit,
switch the system clock from either the primary system
clock or INTRC, depending on the value of SCS<1:0>
and FOSC<2:0>, to the external low-power Timer1
oscillator input (T1OSC) and shut down the primary
system clock to conserve power.
After a clock switch has been executed, the internal Q
clocks are held in the Q1 state until eight falling edge
clocks are counted on the T1OSC. After the eight clock
periods have transpired, the clock input to the Q clocks
is released and operation resumes (see Figure 4-8). In
addition, T1RUN (in T1CON) is set to indicate that
T1OSC is being used as the system clock.
FIGURE 4-8: TIMING DIAGRAM FOR SWITCHING TO SEC_RUN MODE
Note 1: The T1OSCEN bit must be enabled and it
is the users responsibility to ensure
T1OSC is stable before clock switching to
the T1OSC input clock can occur.
2: When T1OSCEN = 0, the following
possible effects result.
Original
SCS<1:0>
Modified
SCS<1:0>
Final
SCS<1:0>
00 01 00 no change
00 11 10 INTRC
10 11 10 no change
10 01 00 OSC
defined by
FOSC<2:0>
A clock switching event will occur if the
final state of the SCS bits is different from
the original.
Q4 Q3 Q2
OSC1
SCS<1:0>
Program
PC + 1 PC
Note 1: TT1P = 30.52 s.
3: TSCS = 8 TT1P
4: TDLY = 1 TT1P.
Q1
T1OSI
Q1
TSCS
(3)
Counter
Q1
TT1P
(1)
System
Clock
TOSC
(2)
Q3 Q2 Q4 Q1 Q2
PC + 2 PC + 3
Q3 Q4 Q1
TDLY
(4)
PIC16F7X7
4.7.3 SEC_RUN/RC_RUN TO PRIMARY
CLOCK SOURCE
When switching from a SEC_RUN or RC_RUN mode
back to the primary system clock, following a change of
SCS<1:0> to 00, the sequence of events that take
place will depend upon the value of the FOSC bits in the
Configuration register. If the primary clock source is
configured as a crystal (HS, XT or LP), then the
transition will take place after 1024 clock cycles. This is
necessary because the crystal oscillator has been pow-
ered down until the time of the transition. In order to
provide the system with a reliable clock when the
changeover has occurred, the clock will not be
released to the changeover circuit until the 1024 counts
have expired.
During the oscillator start-up time, the system clock
comes from the current system clock. Instruction exe-
cution and/or peripheral operation continues using the
currently selected oscillator as the CPU clock source
until the necessary clock count has expired to ensure
that the primary system clock is stable.
To know when the OST has expired, the OSTS bit
should be monitored. OSTS = 1 indicates that the
Oscillator Start-up Timer has timed out and the system
clock comes from the primary clock source.
Following the oscillator start-up time, the internal Q
clocks are held in the Q1 state until eight falling edge
clocks are counted from the primary system clock. The
clock input to the Q clocks is then released and
operation resumes with the primary system clock
determined by the FOSC bits (see Figure 4-10).
When in SEC_RUN mode, the act of clearing the
T1OSCEN bit in the T1CON register will cause
SCS<0> to be cleared, which causes the SCS<1:0>
bits to revert to 00 or 10 depending on what SCS<1>
is. Although the T1OSCEN bit was cleared, T1OSC will
be enabled and instruction execution will continue until
the OST time-out for the main system clock is com-
plete. At that time, the system clock will switch from the
T1OSC to the primary clock or the INTRC. Following
this, the T1 oscillator will be shut down.
4.7.3.1 Returning to Primary Clock Source
Sequence
Changing back to the primary oscillator from
SEC_RUN or RC_RUN can be accomplished by either
changing SCS<1:0> to 00 or clearing the T1OSCEN
bit in the T1CON register (if T1OSC was the secondary
clock).
The sequence of events that follows is the same for
both modes:
1. If the primary system clock is configured as EC,
RC or INTRC, then the OST time-out is skipped.
Skip to step 3.
2. If the primary system clock is configured as an
external oscillator (HS, XT, LP), then the OST
will be active, waiting for 1024 clocks of the
primary system clock.
3. On the following Q1, the device holds the
system clock in Q1.
4. The device stays in Q1 while eight falling edges
of the primary system clock are counted.
5. Once the eight counts transpire, the device
begins to run from the primary oscillator.
6. If the secondary clock was INTRC and the
primary is not INTRC, the INTRC will be shut
down to save current, providing that the INTRC
is not being used for any other function, such as
WDT or Fail-Safe Clock Monitoring.
7. If the secondary clock was T1OSC, the T1OSC
will continue to run if T1OSCEN is still set;
otherwise, the T1 oscillator will be shut down.
Note: If the primary system clock is either RC or
EC, an internal delay timer (5-10 s) will
suspend operation after exiting Secondary
Clock mode to allow the CPU to become
ready for code execution.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 4-9: TIMING FOR TRANSITION BETWEEN SEC_RUN/RC_RUN AND
PRIMARY CLOCK
Q4 Q1 Q3 Q4
OSC1
Program
PC PC + 1
Sec. Osc
Primary Clock
TOST
(6)
Q1
PC + 3
TOSC
(3)
TDLY
(5)
TT1P
(1)
or TINP
(2)
TSCS
(4)
Q2
OSC2
Q3 Q4 Q1
OSTS
System Clock
PC + 2
Counter
Q2
Q2 Q3 Q4
SCS<1:0>
Note 1: TT1P = 30.52 s.
2: TINP = 32 s typical.
4: TSCS = 8 TINP OR 8 TT1P.
5: TDLY = 1 TINP OR 1 TT1P.
6: Refer to parameter D032 in Section 18.0 Electrical Characteristics.
PIC16F7X7
4.7.3.2 Returning to Primary Oscillator with
a Reset
A Reset will clear SCS<1:0> back to 00. The
sequence for starting the primary oscillator following a
Reset is the same for all forms of Reset, including
POR. There is no transition sequence from the
alternate system clock to the primary system clock on
a Reset condition. Instead, the device will reset the
state of the OSCCON register and default to the
primary system clock. The sequence of events that
take place after this will depend upon the value of the
FOSC bits in the Configuration register. If the external
oscillator is configured as a crystal (HS, XT or LP), the
CPU will be held in the Q1 state until 1024 clock cycles
have transpired on the primary clock. This is
necessary because the crystal oscillator had been
powered down until the time of the transition.
During the oscillator start-up time, instruction
execution and/or peripheral operation is suspended.
If the primary system clock is either RC, EC or INTRC,
the CPU will begin operating on the first Q1 cycle
following the wake-up event. This means that there is
no oscillator start-up time required because the pri-
mary clock is already stable; however, there is a delay
between the wake-up event and the following Q2. An
internal delay timer of 5-10 s will suspend operation
after the Reset to allow the CPU to become ready for
code execution. The CPU and peripheral clock will be
held in the first Q1.
The sequence of events is as follows:
1. A device Reset is asserted from one of many
sources (WDT, BOR, MCLR, etc.).
2. The device resets and the CPU start-up timer is
enabled if in Sleep mode. The device is held in
Reset until the CPU start-up time-out is
complete.
external oscillator (HS, XT, LP), then the OST
will be active waiting for 1024 clocks of the pri-
mary system clock. While waiting for the OST,
the device will be held in Reset. The OST and
CPU start-up timers run in parallel.
4. After both the CPU start-up and OST timers
have timed out, the device will wait for one
additional clock cycle and instruction execution
will begin.
FIGURE 4-10: TIMING LP CLOCK TO PRIMARY SYSTEM CLOCK AFTER RESET (HS, XT, LP)
Note: If Two-Speed Clock Start-up mode is
enabled, the INTRC will act as the system
clock until the OST timer has timed out.
Q4 Q1 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
OSC1
Peripheral
Sleep
Program
PC 0000h
T1OSI
TOST
(4)
Q3
TT1P
(1)
Q4
OSC2
OSTS
System Clock
0001h
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Clock
Counter
0004h 0005h 0003h
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Reset
TEPU
(3)
Note 1: TT1P = 30.52 s.
3: TEPU = 5-10 s.
4: Refer to parameter D032 in Section 18.0 Electrical Characteristics.
CPU Start-up
TOSC
(2)
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 4-11: TIMING LP CLOCK TO PRIMARY SYSTEM CLOCK AFTER RESET
(EC, RC, INTRC)
Q4 Q1 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
OSC1
Program
PC 0000h
T1OSI
Q3
TT1P
(1)
Q4
OSC2
OSTS
System Clock
0001h
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Counter
0003h 0004h 0002h
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
MCLR
TCPU
(2)
Note 1: TT1P = 30.52 s.
2: TCPU = 5-10 s.
CPU Start-up
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 4-4: CLOCK SWITCHING MODES
Current
System
Clock
SCS bits <1:0>
Modified to:
Delay
OSTS
bit
IOFS
bit
T1RUN
bit
New
System
Clock
Comments
LP, XT, HS,
T1OSC,
EC, RC
10
(INTRC)
FOSC<2:0> = LP,
XT or HS
8 Clocks of
INTRC
0 1
(1)
0 INTRC
or
INTOSC
or
INTOSC
Postscaler
The internal RC oscillator
frequency is dependant upon
the IRCF bits.
LP, XT, HS,
INTRC,
EC, RC
01
(T1OSC)
FOSC<2:0> = LP,
XT or HS
8 Clocks of
T1OSC
0 N/A 1 T1OSC T1OSCEN bit must be
enabled.
INTRC
T1OSC
00
FOSC<2:0> = EC
or
FOSC<2:0> = RC
8 Clocks of
EC
or
RC
1 N/A 0 EC
or
RC
INTRC
T1OSC
00
FOSC<2:0> = LP,
XT, HS
1024 Clocks
(OST)
+
8 Clocks of
LP, XT, HS
1 N/A 0 LP, XT, HS During the 1024 clocks,
program execution is
clocked from the secondary
oscillator until the primary
oscillator becomes stable.
LP, XT, HS 00
(Due to Reset)
LP, XT, HS
1024 Clocks
(OST)
1 N/A 0 LP, XT, HS When a Reset occurs, there
is no clock transition
sequence. Instruction
execution and/or peripheral
operation is suspended
unless Two-Speed Start-up
mode is enabled, after which
the INTRC will act as the
system clock until the OST
timer has expired.
Note 1: If the new clock source is INTOSC or INTOSC postscaler, then the IOFS bit will be set 4 ms after the clock
change.
PIC16F7X7
4.7.4 EXITING SLEEP WITH AN
INTERRUPT
Any interrupt, such as WDT or INT0, will cause the part
to leave the Sleep mode.
The SCS bits are unaffected by a SLEEP command and
are the same before and after entering and leaving
Sleep. The clock source used after an exit from Sleep
is determined by the SCS bits.
4.7.4.1 Sequence of Events
If SCS<1:0> = 00:
1. The device is held in Sleep until the CPU start-up
time-out is complete.
external oscillator (HS, XT, LP), then the OST will
be active waiting for 1024 clocks of the primary
system clock. While waiting for the OST, the
device will be held in Sleep unless Two-Speed
Start-up is enabled. The OST and CPU start-up
timers run in parallel. Refer to Section 15.17.3
Two-Speed Clock Start-up Mode for details
on Two-Speed Start-up.
3. After both the CPU start-up and OST timers
have timed out, the device will exit Sleep and
begin instruction execution with the primary
clock defined by the FOSC bits.
If SCS<1:0> = 01 or 10:
1. The device is held in Sleep until the CPU start-up
time-out is complete.
2. After the CPU start-up timer has timed out, the
device will exit Sleep and begin instruction
execution with the selected oscillator mode.
Note: If a user changes SCS<1:0> just before
entering Sleep mode, the system clock
used when exiting Sleep mode could be
different than the system clock used when
entering Sleep mode.
As an example, if SCS<1:0> = 01, T1OSC
is the system clock and the following
instructions are executed:
BCF OSCCON,SCS0
SLEEP
then a clock change event is executed. If
the primary oscillator is XT, LP or HS, the
core will continue to run off T1OSC and
execute the SLEEP command.
When Sleep is exited, the part will resume
operation with the primary oscillator after
the OST has expired.
PIC16F7X7
5.0 I/O PORTS
Some pins for these I/O ports are multiplexed with an
alternate function for the peripheral features on the
device. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, that
pin may not be used as a general purpose I/O pin.
Additional information on I/O ports may be found in the
PICmicro
Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual,

(DS33023).
5.1 PORTA and the TRISA Register
PORTA is a 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-
sponding data direction register is TRISA. Setting a
TRISA bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTA pin
an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a
high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISA bit (= 0) will
make the corresponding PORTA pin an output (i.e., put
the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
Reading the PORTA register reads the status of the
pins, whereas writing to it, will write to the port latch.
The RA4 pin is multiplexed with the Timer0 module
clock input and one of the comparator outputs to
become the RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT pin. Pins RA6 and
RA7 are multiplexed with the main oscillator pins; they
are enabled as oscillator or I/O pins by the selection of
the main oscillator in Configuration Register 1H (see
Section 15.1 Configuration Bits for details). When
they are not used as port pins, RA6 and RA7 and their
associated TRIS and LAT bits are read as 0.
The other PORTA pins are multiplexed with analog
inputs, the analog VREF+ and VREF- inputs and the com-
parator voltage reference output. The operation of pins
RA3:RA0 and RA5 as A/D converter inputs is selected
by clearing/setting the control bits in the ADCON1 reg-
ister (A/D Control Register 1). Pins RA0 through RA5
may also be used as comparator inputs or outputs by
setting the appropriate bits in the CMCON register.
The RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT pin is a Schmitt Trigger input
and an open-drain output. All other PORTA pins have
TTL input levels and full CMOS output drivers.
The TRISA register controls the direction of the RA pins
even when they are being used as analog inputs. The
user must ensure the bits in the TRISA register are
maintained set when using them as analog inputs.
EXAMPLE 5-1: INITIALIZING PORTA
Note: On a Power-on Reset, RA5 and RA3:RA0
are configured as analog inputs and read
as 0. RA4 is configured as a digital input.
BCF STATUS, RP0 ;
BCF STATUS, RP1 ; Bank0
CLRF PORTA ; Initialize PORTA by
; clearing output
; data latches
BSF STATUS, RP0 ; Select Bank 1
MOVLW 0x0F ; Configure all pins
MOVWF ADCON1 ; as digital inputs
MOVLW 0xCF ; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
MOVWF TRISA ; Set RA<3:0> as inputs
; RA<5:4> as outputs
; TRISA<7:6>are always
; read as '0'.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 5-1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
RA0/AN0:RA1/AN1 PINS
FIGURE 5-2: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
RA3/AN3/VREF+ PIN
Data
Bus
Q D
Q CK
P
N
WR
PORTA
WR
TRISA
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
RD TRISA
RD PORTA
Analog
VSS
VDD
I/O pin
Q D
Q CK
Input Mode
D Q
EN
To Comparator
TTL
Input Buffer
To A/D Module Channel Input
Data
Bus
Q D
Q CK
P
N
WR
PORTA
WR
TRISA
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
RD TRISA
RD PORTA
Analog
VSS
VDD
I/O pin
Q D
Q CK
Input Mode
D Q
EN
To Comparator
TTL
Input Buffer
To A/D Module VREF+ Input
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 5-3: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF PIN
FIGURE 5-4: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT PIN
Data
Bus
Q D
Q CK
P
N
WR
PORTA
WR
TRISA
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
RD TRISA
RD PORTA
Analog
VSS
VDD
RA2/AN2/VREF-/
Q D
Q CK
D Q
EN
To Comparator
TTL
Input Buffer
Input Mode
CVROE
CVREF
To A/D Module VREF-
CVREF pin
Data
Bus
Q D
Q CK
N
WR
PORTA
WR
TRISA
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
RD TRISA
RD PORTA
VSS
RA4/T0CKI/
Q D
Q CK
D Q
EN
TMR0 Clock Input
Comparator 1 Output
Comparator Mode = 011, 101, 001
1
0
Analog
Input Mode
Schmitt Trigger
Input Buffer
C1OUT pin
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 5-5: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA5/AN4/LVDIN/SS/C2OUT PIN
Data
Bus
Q D
Q CK
N
WR
PORTA
WR
TRISA
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
RD TRISA
RD PORTA
VSS
RA5/AN4/LVDIN/
Q D
Q CK
D Q
EN
Comparator 2 Output
Comparator Mode = 011, 101
1
0
Analog
Input Mode
P
VDD
SS Input
LVDIN
TTL
Buffer
SS/C2OUT pin
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 5-6: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF OSC2/CLKO/RA6 PIN
Data
Bus
Q D
Q CK
P
N
WR
PORTA
WR
TRISA
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
RD TRISA
RD PORTA
VSS
VDD
OSC2/CLKO
Q
D
Q CK
D Q
EN
TTL
Buffer
Oscillator
Circuit
1
0
ERA6 pin
From OSC1
(FOSC = 1x1)
EMUL
(FOSC = 1x0,011)
P
N
VSS
VDD
EMUL + FOSC = 00x, 010
(FOSC = 1x0,011)
1
0
CLKO (FOSC/4)
(FOSC = 1x1)
VDD
RA6 pin
Note 1: CLKO signal is 1/4 of the FOSC frequency.
(FOSC = 1x1)
EMUL + FOSC = 00x,010
EMUL
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 5-7: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF OSC1/CLKI/RA7 PIN
Data
Bus
Q D
Q CK
P
N
WR
PORTA
WR
TRISA
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
RD TRISA
RD PORTA
VSS
VDD
OSC1/CLKI
Q D
Q CK
D Q
EN
Oscillator
Circuit
1
0
ERA7 pin
(FOSC = 10x) + EMUL
NEMUL
(FOSC = 10x)
P
N
VSS
VDD
(FOSC = 10x) + EMUL
(FOSC = 10x)
VDD
RA7 pin
(FOSC = 011)
TTL
Buffer
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 5-1: PORTA FUNCTIONS
TABLE 5-2: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA
Name Bit# Buffer Function
RA0/AN0 bit 0 TTL Input/output or analog input.
RA1/AN1 bit 1 TTL Input/output or analog input.
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF bit 2 TTL Input/output or analog input or VREF-.
RA3/AN3/VREF+ bit 3 TTL Input/output or analog input or VREF+.
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT bit 4 ST Input/output or external clock input for Timer0. Output is
open-drain type.
RA5/AN4/LVDIN/SS/C2OUT bit 5 TTL Input/output or slave select input for synchronous serial port or
analog input.
OSC2/CLKO/RA6 bit 6 ST Input/output, connects to crystal or resonator, oscillator output or
1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the instruction cycle in
RC mode.
OSC1/CLKI/RA7 bit 7 ST/CMOS
(1)
Input/output, connects to crystal or resonator or oscillator input.
Legend: TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC Oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
05h PORTA RA7 RA6 RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 xx0x 0000 uu0u 0000
85h TRISA PORTA Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
9Fh ADCON1 VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 --00 0000 --00 0000
9Ch CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 0000 0111 0000 0111
9Dh CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 000- 0000 000- 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by PORTA.
Note: When using the SSP module in SPI Slave mode and SS enabled, the A/D converter must be set to one of
the following modes, where PCFG2:PCFG0 = 100, 101, 11x.
PIC16F7X7
5.2 PORTB and the TRISB Register
PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-
sponding data direction register is TRISB. Setting a
TRISB bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTB
pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in
a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISB bit (= 0)
will make the corresponding PORTB pin an output (i.e.,
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
Each of the PORTB pins has a weak internal pull-up. A
single control bit can turn on all the pull-ups. This is per-
formed by clearing bit RBPU (OPTION_REG<7>). The
weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port
pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are
disabled on a Power-on Reset.
PORTB pins are multiplexed with analog inputs. The
operation of each pin is selected by clearing/setting the
appropriate control bits in the ADCON1 register.
Four of the PORTB pins (RB7:RB4) have an interrupt-
on-change feature. Only pins configured as inputs can
cause this interrupt to occur (i.e., any RB7:RB4 pin
configured as an output is excluded from the interrupt-
on-change comparison). The input pins (of RB7:RB4)
are compared with the old value latched on the last
read of PORTB. The mismatch outputs of RB7:RB4
are ORed together to generate the RB port change
interrupt with flag bit, RBIF (INTCON<0>).
This interrupt can wake the device from Sleep. The
user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the
interrupt in the following manner:
a) Any read or write of PORTB. This will end the
mismatch condition.
b) Clear flag bit RBIF.
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit RBIF.
Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and
allow flag bit RBIF to be cleared.
The interrupt-on-change feature is recommended for
wake-up on key depression operation and operations
where PORTB is only used for the interrupt-on-change
feature. Polling of PORTB is not recommended while
using the interrupt-on-change feature.
This interrupt on mismatch feature, together with soft-
ware configureable pull-ups on these four pins, allow
easy interface to a keypad and make it possible for
wake-up on key depression. Refer to the Application
Note AN552, Implementing Wake-up on Key Stroke
(DS00552).
RB0/INT is an external interrupt input pin and is
configured using the INTEDG bit (OPTION_REG<6>).
RB0/INT is discussed in detail in Section 15.15.1 INT
Interrupt.
PORTB is multiplexed with several peripheral functions
(see Table 5-3). PORTB pins have Schmitt Trigger
input buffers.
When enabling peripheral functions, care should be
taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTB pin. Some
peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an out-
put, while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to
make a pin an input. Since the TRIS bit override is in
effect while the peripheral is enabled, read-modify-
write instructions (BSF, BCF, XORWF) with TRISB as
destination should be avoided. The user should refer to
the corresponding peripheral section for the correct
TRIS bit settings.
Note: On a Power-on Reset, these pins are
configured as analog inputs and read as
0.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 5-8: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB0/INT/AN12 PIN
FIGURE 5-9: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB1/AN10 PIN
Note 1: To enable weak pull-ups, set the appropriate TRIS bit(s) and clear the RBPU bit.
Data Latch
RBPU
(1)
P
VDD
Q D
CK
Q D
CK
Q
D
EN
Data Bus
WR PORTB
WR TRISB
RD TRISB
RD PORTB
Weak
Pull-up
RD PORTB
I/O pin
TRIS Latch
To INT
TTL
Input Buffer
Input Mode
Analog
Input Mode
Analog
To A/D Channel Input
Input Mode
Analog
Data Latch
RBPU
(1)
P
VDD
Q D
CK
Q D
CK
Q
D
EN
Data Bus
WR PORTB
WR TRISB
RD TRISB
RD PORTB
Weak
Pull-up
RD PORTB
I/O pin
TRIS Latch
TTL
Input Buffer
Input Mode
Analog
Input Mode
Analog
PIC16F7X7
Data Latch
P
VDD
Q D
CK
Q D
CK
Q
D
EN
Data Bus
WR PORTB
WR TRISB
RD TRISB
RD PORTB
Weak
Pull-up
RD PORTB
I/O pin
TRIS Latch
TTL
Input Buffer
Input Mode
Analog
RBPU
(1)
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 5-11: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB3/CCP2/AN9 PIN
Data Latch
P
VDD
Q
D
CK
Q D
CK
Q D
EN
Data Bus
WR PORTB
WR TRISB
RD TRISB
RD PORTB
Weak
Pull-up
RD PORTB
I/O pin
Schmitt Trigger
Buffer
TRIS Latch
2: The SDA Schmitt conforms to the I
2
C specification.
1
0
CCP2 Output
P
N
VSS
VDD
Q
CCP2 Output Select and CCPMX
TTL
Input Buffer
Input Mode
Analog
Input Mode
Analog
Input Mode
Analog
To CCP Module Input
RBPU
(1)
PIC16F7X7
Data Latch
From other
P
VDD
I/O pin
Q D
CK
Q D
CK
Q D
EN
Q D
EN
Data Bus
WR PORTB
WR TRISB
Set RBIF
TRIS Latch
RD TRISB
RD PORTB
RB7:RB4 pins
Weak
Pull-up
RD PORTB
Latch
Q3
Q1
2: The SCL Schmitt conforms to the I
2
C specification.
To A/D channel input
P
N
VSS
VDD
Input Mode
Analog
TTL
Input Buffer
Input Mode
Analog
Input Mode
Analog
RBPU
(1)
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 5-13: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB5/AN13/CCP3 PIN
Data Latch
From other
RBPU
(1)
P
VDD
I/O pin
Q D
CK
Q D
CK
Q D
EN
Q D
EN
Data Bus
WR PORTB
WR TRISB
Set RBIF
TRIS Latch
RD TRISB
RD PORTB
RB7:RB4 pins
Weak
Pull-up
RD PORTB
Latch
Q3
Q1
CCP3 Output
1
0
CCP3 Output Select
TTL
Input Buffer
Input Mode
Analog
Input Mode
Analog
Schmitt Trigger
Buffer
Input Mode
Analog
To CCP Module Input
Input Mode
Analog
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 5-14: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB6/PGC PIN
Data Latch
From other
RBPU
(1)
P
VDD
I/O pin
Q D
CK
Q D
CK
Q D
EN
Q D
EN
Data Bus
WR PORTB
WR TRISB
Set RBIF
TRIS Latch
RD TRISB
RD PORTB
RB7:RB4 pins
Weak
Pull-up
RD PORTB
Latch
Q3
Q1
TTL
Input Buffer
Schmitt Trigger
Buffer
PGC
Program Mode/ ICD
Program Mode/ ICD
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 5-15: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB7/PGD PIN
Data Latch
From other
RBPU
(1)
P
VDD
I/O pin
Q D
CK
Q D
CK
Q D
EN
Q D
EN
Data Bus
WR PORTB
Set RBIF
TRIS Latch
RD TRISB
RD PORTB
RB7:RB4 pins
Weak
Pull-up
RD PORTB
Latch
Q3
Q1
PGD
PGD
1
0
PORT/Program Mode/ICD
TTL
Input Buffer
1
0
PGD DRVEN
Program Mode/ ICD
WR TRISB
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 5-3: PORTB FUNCTIONS
TABLE 5-4: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB
Name Bit# Buffer Function
RB0/INT/AN12 bit 0 TTL/ST
(1)
Input/output pin or external interrupt input. Internal software
programmable weak pull-up or analog input.
RB1/AN10 bit 1 TTL Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up or
analog input.
RB2/AN8 bit 2 TTL Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up or
analog input.
RB3/CCP2/AN9 bit 3 TTL Input/output pin or Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.
Internal software programmable weak pull-up or analog input.
RB4/AN11 bit 4 TTL Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software
programmable weak pull-up or analog input.
RB5/AN13/CCP3 bit 5 TTL Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software
programmable weak pull-up or analog input or Capture 2 input/
Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.
RB6/PGC bit 6 TTL/ST
(2)
Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software
programmable weak pull-up. Serial programming clock.
RB7/PGD bit 7 TTL/ST
(2)
Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software
programmable weak pull-up. Serial programming data.
Legend: TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
06h, 106h PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 xx00 0000 uu00 0000
86h, 186h TRISB PORTB Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
81h, 181h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111
9Fh ADCON1 ADFM ADCS2 VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged. Shaded cells are not used by PORTB.
PIC16F7X7
5.3 PORTC and the TRISC Register
PORTC is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-
sponding data direction register is TRISC. Setting a
TRISC bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTC
pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in
a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISC bit (= 0)
will make the corresponding PORTC pin an output (i.e.,
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
PORTC is multiplexed with several peripheral functions
(Table 5-5). PORTC pins have Schmitt Trigger input
buffers.
When enabling peripheral functions, care should be
taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTC pin. Some
peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an
output, while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to
make a pin an input. Since the TRIS bit override is in
effect while the peripheral is enabled, read-modify-
write instructions (BSF, BCF, XORWF) with TRISC as
destination should be avoided. The user should refer to
the corresponding peripheral section for the correct
TRIS bit settings and to Section 16.1 Read-Modify-
Write Operations for additional information on
read-modify-write operations.
FIGURE 5-16: PORTC BLOCK DIAGRAM
(PERIPHERAL OUTPUT
OVERRIDE) RC<2:0>,
RC<7:5> PINS
FIGURE 5-17: PORTC BLOCK DIAGRAM
(PERIPHERAL OUTPUT
OVERRIDE) RC<4:3> PINS
Port/Peripheral Select
(2)
Data Bus
WR
Port
WR
TRIS
RD
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
RD
Schmitt
Trigger
Q D
Q CK
Q D
EN
Peripheral Data Out
0
1
Q D
Q CK
P
N
VDD
VSS
Port
Peripheral
OE
(3)
Peripheral Input
I/O
pin
(1)
Note 1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.
2: Port/Peripheral Select signal selects between port
data and peripheral output.
3: Peripheral OE (Output Enable) is only activated if
Peripheral Select is active.
TRIS
Port/Peripheral Select
(2)
Data Bus
WR
Port
WR
TRIS
RD
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
RD
Schmitt
Trigger
Q D
Q CK
Q D
EN
Peripheral Data Out
0
1
Q D
Q CK
P
N
VDD
Vss
Port
Peripheral
OE
(3)
SSPl Input
I/O
pin
(1)
Note 1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.
2: Port/Peripheral Select signal selects between port data
and peripheral output.
3: Peripheral OE (Output Enable) is only activated if
Peripheral Select is active.
0
1
CKE
SSPSTAT<6>
Schmitt
Trigger
with
SMBus
Levels
TRIS
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 5-5: PORTC FUNCTIONS
TABLE 5-6: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTC
Name Bit# Buffer Type Function
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI bit 0 ST Input/output port pin or Timer1 oscillator output/Timer1 clock input.
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 bit 1 ST Input/output port pin or Timer1 oscillator input or Capture2 input/
Compare2 output/PWM2 output.
RC2/CCP1 bit 2 ST Input/output port pin or Capture1 input/Compare1 output/PWM1 output.
RC3/SCK/SCL bit 3 ST RC3 can also be the synchronous serial clock for both SPI and I
2
C
modes.
RC4/SDI/SDA bit 4 ST RC4 can also be the SPI data in (SPI mode) or data I/O (I
2
C mode).
RC5/SDO bit 5 ST Input/output port pin or Synchronous Serial Port data output.
RC6/TX/CK bit 6 ST Input/output port pin or USART asynchronous transmit or synchronous
clock.
RC7/RX/DT bit 7 ST Input/output port pin or USART asynchronous receive or synchronous
data.
Legend: ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
07h PORTC RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
87h TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged
PIC16F7X7
5.4 PORTD and TRISD Registers
This section is not applicable to the PIC16F737 or
PIC16F767.
PORTD is an 8-bit port with Schmitt Trigger input buff-
ers. Each pin is individually configureable as an input or
output.
PORTD can be configured as an 8-bit wide micro-
processor port (Parallel Slave Port) by setting control
bit, PSPMODE (TRISE<4>). In this mode, the input
buffers are TTL.
FIGURE 5-18: PORTD BLOCK DIAGRAM
(IN I/O PORT MODE)
TABLE 5-7: PORTD FUNCTIONS
TABLE 5-8: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTD
Data Bus
WR Port
WR TRIS
RD Port
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
RD TRIS
Schmitt
Trigger
Input
Buffer
I/O pin
(1)
Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.
Q D
CK
Q D
CK
EN
Q D
EN
RD0/PSP0 bit 0
ST/TTL
(1)
Input/output port pin or Parallel Slave Port bit 0.
RD1/PSP1 bit 1
ST/TTL
(1)
RD2/PSP2 bit 2
ST/TTL
(1)
RD3/PSP3 bit 3
ST/TTL
(1)
RD4/PSP4 bit 4
ST/TTL
(1)
RD5/PSP5 bit 5
ST/TTL
(1)
RD6/PSP6 bit 6
ST/TTL
(1)
RD7/PSP7 bit 7
ST/TTL
(1)
Legend: ST = Schmitt Trigger input, TTL = TTL input
Note 1: Input buffers are Schmitt Triggers when in I/O mode and TTL buffers when in Parallel Slave Port mode.
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
08h PORTD RD7 RD6 RD5 RD4 RD3 RD2 RD1 RD0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
88h TRISD PORTD Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
89h TRISE IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE
(1)
PORTE Data Direction bits 0000 1111 0000 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by PORTD.
Note 1: RE3 is an input only. The state of the TRISE3 bit has no effect and will always read 1.
PIC16F7X7
5.5 PORTE and TRISE Register
This section is not applicable to the PIC16F737 or
PIC16F767.
PORTE has four pins, RE0/RD/AN5, RE1/WR/AN6,
RE2/CS/AN7 and MCLR/VPP/RE3, which are individu-
ally configureable as inputs or outputs. These pins have
Schmitt Trigger input buffers. RE3 is only available as an
input if MCLRE is 0 in Configuration Word 1.
I/O PORTE becomes control inputs for the micro-
processor port when bit, PSPMODE (TRISE<4>), is
set. In this mode, the user must make sure that the
TRISE<2:0> bits are set (pins are configured as digital
inputs). Ensure ADCON1 is configured for digital I/O. In
this mode, the input buffers are TTL.
Register 5-1 shows the TRISE register, which also
controls the Parallel Slave Port operation.
PORTE pins are multiplexed with analog inputs. When
selected as an analog input, these pins will read as 0s.
TRISE controls the direction of the RE pins, even when
they are being used as analog inputs. The user must
make sure to keep the pins configured as inputs when
using them as analog inputs.
FIGURE 5-19: PORTE BLOCK DIAGRAM
(IN I/O PORT MODE)
TABLE 5-9: PORTE FUNCTIONS
TABLE 5-10: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTE
Note: On a Power-on Reset, these pins are
configured as analog inputs and read as 0.
Data Bus
WR Port
WR TRIS
RD Port
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
RD TRIS
Schmitt
Trigger
Input
Buffer
I/O pin
(1)
Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.
Q D
CK
Q D
CK
EN
Q D
EN
RE0/RD/AN5 bit 0 ST/TTL
(1)
Input/output port pin or read control input in Parallel Slave Port mode or analog input.
For RD (PSP mode):
1 = Idle
0 = Read operation. Contents of PORTD register output to PORTD I/O pins (if chip selected).
RE1/WR/AN6 bit 1 ST/TTL
(1)
Input/output port pin or write control input in Parallel Slave Port mode or analog input.
For WR (PSP mode):
1 = Idle
0 = Write operation. Value of PORTD I/O pins latched into PORTD register (if chip selected).
RE2/CS/AN7 bit 2 ST/TTL
(1)
Input/output port pin or chip select control input in Parallel Slave Port mode or analog input.
For CS (PSP mode):
1 = Device is not selected
0 = Device is selected
MCLR/VPP/RE3 bit 3 ST Input, Master Clear (Reset) or programming input voltage.
Legend: ST = Schmitt Trigger input, TTL = TTL input
Note 1: Input buffers are Schmitt Triggers when in I/O mode and TTL buffers when in Parallel Slave Port mode.
Addr Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
09h PORTE RE3 RE2 RE1 RE0 ---- x000 ---- -uuu
(1)
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by PORTE.
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 5-1: TRISE REGISTER (ADDRESS 89h)
R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE
(1)
TRISE2 TRISE1 TRISE0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 Parallel Slave Port Status/Control bits:
IBF: Input Buffer Full Status bit
1 = A word has been received and is waiting to be read by the CPU
0 = No word has been received
bit 6 OBF: Output Buffer Full Status bit
1 = The output buffer still holds a previously written word
0 = The output buffer has been read
bit 5 IBOV: Input Buffer Overflow Detect bit (in Microprocessor mode)
1 = A write occurred when a previously input word has not been read (must be cleared in
software)
0 = No overflow occurred
bit 4 PSPMODE: Parallel Slave Port Mode Select bit
1 = Parallel Slave Port mode
0 = General Purpose I/O mode
(1)
bit 2 PORTE Data Direction bits:
TRISE2: Direction Control bit for pin RE2/CS/AN7
1 = Input
0 = Output
bit 1 TRISE1: Direction Control bit for pin RE1/WR/AN6
1 = Input
0 = Output
bit 0 TRISE0: Direction Control bit for pin RE0/RD/AN5
1 = Input
0 = Output
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
5.6 Parallel Slave Port
The Parallel Slave Port (PSP) is not implemented on
the PIC16F737 or PIC16F767.
PORTD operates as an 8-bit wide Parallel Slave Port or
microprocessor port when control bit, PSPMODE
(TRISE<4>), is set. In Slave mode, it is asynchronously
readable and writable by an external system using the
read control input pin RE0/RD/AN5, the write control
input pin RE1/WR/AN6 and the chip select control input
pin RE2/CS/AN7.
The PSP can directly interface to an 8-bit micro-
processor data bus. The external microprocessor can
read or write the PORTD latch as an 8-bit latch. Setting
bit PSPMODE enables port pin RE0/RD/AN5 to be the
RD input, RE1/WR/AN6 to be the WR input and
RE2/CS/AN7 to be the CS (Chip Select) input. For this
functionality, the corresponding data direction bits of
the TRISE register (TRISE<2:0>) must be configured
as inputs (i.e., set). The A/D port configuration bits,
PCFG3:PCFG0 (ADCON1<3:0>), must be set to
configure pins RE2:RE0 as digital I/O.
There are actually two 8-bit latches, one for data output
(external reads) and one for data input (external
writes). The firmware writes 8-bit data to the PORTD
output data latch and reads data from the PORTD input
data latch (note that they have the same address). In
this mode, the TRISD register is ignored since the
external device is controlling the direction of data flow.
An external write to the PSP occurs when the CS and
WR lines are both detected low. Firmware can read the
actual data on the PORTD pins during this time. When
either the CS or WR lines become high (level trig-
gered), the data on the PORTD pins is latched and the
Input Buffer Full (IBF) status flag bit (TRISE<7>) and
interrupt flag bit, PSPIF (PIR1<7>), are set on the Q4
clock cycle following the next Q2 cycle to signal the
write is complete (Figure 5-21). Firmware clears the
IBF flag by reading the latched PORTD data and clears
the PSPIF bit.
The Input Buffer Overflow (IBOV) status flag bit
(TRISE<5>) is set if an external write to the PSP occurs
while the IBF flag is set from a previous external write.
The previous PORTD data is overwritten with the new
data. IBOV is cleared by reading PORTD and clearing
IBOV.
A read from the PSP occurs when both the CS and RD
lines are detected low. The data in the PORTD output
latch is output to the PORTD pins. The Output Buffer
Full (OBF) status flag bit (TRISE<6>) is cleared imme-
diately (Figure 5-22), indicating that the PORTD latch is
being read or has been read by the external bus. If
firmware writes new data to the output latch during this
time, it is immediately output to the PORTD pins but
OBF will remain cleared.
When either the CS or RD pins are detected high, the
PORTD outputs are disabled and the interrupt flag bit
PSPIF is set on the Q4 clock cycle following the next
Q2 cycle, indicating that the read is complete. OBF
remains low until firmware writes new data to PORTD.
When not in PSP mode, the IBF and OBF bits are held
clear. Flag bit IBOV remains unchanged. The PSPIF bit
must be cleared by the user in firmware; the interrupt
can be disabled by clearing the interrupt enable bit,
PSPIE (PIE1<7>).
FIGURE 5-20: PORTD AND PORTE
BLOCK DIAGRAM
(PARALLEL SLAVE PORT)
Data Bus
WR
Port
RD
RDx pin
Q D
CK
EN
Q D
EN
Port
One bit of PORTD
Set Interrupt Flag
PSPIF (PIR1<7>)
Read
Chip Select
Write
RD
CS
WR
Note: I/O pin has protection diodes to VDD and VSS.
TTL
TTL
TTL
TTL
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 5-21: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT WRITE WAVEFORMS
FIGURE 5-22: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT READ WAVEFORMS
TABLE 5-11: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PARALLEL SLAVE PORT
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
CS
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
WR
RD
IBF
OBF
PSPIF
PORTD<7:0>
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
CS
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
WR
IBF
PSPIF
RD
OBF
PORTD<7:0>
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
08h PORTD Port Data Latch when written: Port pins when read xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
09h PORTE RE3 RE2 RE1 RE0 ---- x000 ---- x000
(2)
0Ch PIR1
PSPIF
(1)
ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Ch PIE1
PSPIE
(1)
ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by the Parallel Slave Port.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16F737/767; always maintain these bits clear.
PIC16F7X7
NOTES:
PIC16F7X7
6.0 TIMER0 MODULE
The Timer0 module timer/counter has the following
features:
8-bit timer/counter
Readable and writable
8-bit software programmable prescaler
Internal or external clock select
Interrupt on overflow from FFh to 00h
Edge select for external clock
Additional information on the Timer0 module is
available in the PICmicro
Mid-Range MCU Family

Reference Manual (DS33023).
Figure 6-1 is a block diagram of the Timer0 module and
the prescaler shared with the WDT.
6.1 Timer0 Operation
Timer0 operation is controlled through the
OPTION_REG register (see Register 2-2). Timer mode
is selected by clearing bit T0CS (OPTION_REG<5>).
In Timer mode, the Timer0 module will increment every
instruction cycle (without prescaler). If the TMR0 regis-
ter is written, the increment is inhibited for the following
two instruction cycles. The user can work around this
by writing an adjusted value to the TMR0 register.
Counter mode is selected by setting bit, T0CS
(OPTION_REG<5>). In Counter mode, Timer0 will
increment, either on every rising or falling edge of pin
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT. The incrementing edge is deter-
mined by the Timer0 Source Edge Select bit, T0SE
(OPTION_REG<4>). Clearing bit T0SE selects the rising
edge. Restrictions on the external clock input are
discussed in detail in Section 6.3 Using Timer0 With
an External Clock.
The prescaler is mutually, exclusively shared between
the Timer0 module and the Watchdog Timer. The
prescaler is not readable or writable. Section 6.4
Prescaler details the operation of the prescaler.
6.2 Timer0 Interrupt
The TMR0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0 reg-
ister overflows from FFh to 00h. This overflow sets bit
TMR0IF (INTCON<2>). The interrupt can be masked
by clearing bit TMR0IE (INTCON<5>). Bit TMR0IF
must be cleared in software by the Timer0 module
Interrupt Service Routine before re-enabling this inter-
rupt. The TMR0 interrupt cannot awaken the processor
from Sleep since the timer is shut-off during Sleep.
FIGURE 6-1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
T0SE
pin
M
U
X
CLKO (= FOSC/4)
Sync
2
Cycles
TMR0 Reg
8-bit Prescaler
8 - to - 1 MUX
M
U
X
MUX
PSA
0
1
0
1
WDT Time-out
PS2:PS0
8
Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA and PS2:PS0 are (OPTION_REG<5:0>).
PSA
M
U
X
0
1 0
1
Data Bus
Set Flag bit TMR0IF
on Overflow
8
PSA
T0CS
Prescaler
31.25 kHz
WDT Timer
WDT Enable bit
16-bit
Prescaler
PIC16F7X7
6.3 Using Timer0 With an External
Clock
When no prescaler is used, the external clock input is
the same as the prescaler output. The synchronization
of T0CKI with the internal phase clocks is accom-
plished by sampling the prescaler output on the Q2 and
Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks. Therefore, it is
necessary for T0CKI to be high for at least 2 TOSC (and
a small RC delay of 20 ns) and low for at least 2 TOSC
(and a small RC delay of 20 ns). Refer to the electrical
specification of the desired device.
6.4 Prescaler
There is only one prescaler available, which is mutually
exclusively shared between the Timer0 module and the
Watchdog Timer. A prescaler assignment for the
Timer0 module means that the prescaler cannot be
used by the Watchdog Timer and vice versa. This
prescaler is not readable or writable (see Figure 6-1).

The PSA and PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION_REG<3:0>)
determine the prescaler assignment and prescale ratio.
When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions
writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF 1, MOVWF 1,
BSF 1,x....etc.) will clear the prescaler. When assigned
to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the prescaler
along with the Watchdog Timer. The prescaler is not
readable or writable.
Note: Although the prescaler can be assigned to
either the WDT or Timer0, but not both, a
new divide counter is implemented in the
WDT circuit to give multiple WDT time-out
selections. This allows TMR0 and WDT to
each have their own scaler. Refer to
Section 15.17 Watchdog Timer (WDT)
for further details.
Note: Writing to TMR0 when the prescaler is
assigned to Timer0 will clear the prescaler
count but will not change the prescaler
assignment.
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 6-1: OPTION_REG REGISTER
RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA
(1)
PS2 PS1 PS0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit
1 = PORTB pull-ups are disabled
0 = PORTB pull-ups are enabled
bit 6 INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit
1 = Interrupt on rising edge of RB0/INT pin
0 = Interrupt on falling edge of RB0/INT pin
bit 5 T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit
1 = Transition on T0CKI pin
0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKO)
bit 4 T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit
1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin
0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin
bit 3 PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit
(1)

1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT
0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module
Note 1: To avoid an unintended device Reset, the instruction sequence shown in the
PICmicro
Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual (DS33023) must be

executed when changing the prescaler assignment from Timer0 to the WDT. This
sequence must be followed even if the WDT is disabled.
bit 2-0 PS<2:0>: Prescaler Rate Select bits
Legend:
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
1 : 2
1 : 4
1 : 8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
1 : 256
1 : 1
1 : 2
1 : 4
1 : 8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
Bit Value TMR0 Rate WDT Rate
PIC16F7X7
EXAMPLE 6-1: CHANGING THE PRESCALER ASSIGNMENT FROM WDT TO TIMER0
TABLE 6-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0
CLRWDT ; Clear WDT and prescaler
BANKSEL OPTION ; Select Bank of OPTION
MOVLW b'xxxx0xxx' ; Select TMR0, new prescale
MOVWF OPTION ; value and clock source
Value on
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
01h,101h TMR0 Timer0 Module Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
0Bh,8Bh,
10Bh,18Bh
INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
81h,181h OPTION RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by Timer0.
PIC16F7X7
7.0 TIMER1 MODULE
The Timer1 module is a 16-bit timer/counter consisting
of two 8-bit registers (TMR1H and TMR1L), which are
readable and writable. The TMR1 register pair
(TMR1H:TMR1L) increments from 0000h to FFFFh
and rolls over to 0000h. The TMR1 interrupt, if enabled,
is generated on overflow which is latched in interrupt
flag bit, TMR1IF (PIR1<0>). This interrupt can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing TMR1 interrupt
enable bit, TMR1IE (PIE1<0>).
The Timer1 oscillator can be used as a secondary clock
source in low-power modes. When the T1RUN bit is set
along with SCS<1:0> = 01, the Timer1 oscillator is pro-
viding the system clock. If the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
is enabled and the Timer1 oscillator fails while
providing the system clock, polling the T1RUN bit will
indicate whether the clock is being provided by the
Timer1 oscillator or another source.
Timer1 can also be used to provide Real-Time Clock
(RTC) functionality to applications with only a minimal
addition of external components and code overhead.
7.1 Timer1 Operation
Timer1 can operate in one of three modes:
as a Timer
as a Synchronous Counter
as an Asynchronous Counter
The operating mode is determined by the clock select
bit, TMR1CS (T1CON<1>).
In Timer mode, Timer1 increments every instruction
cycle. In Counter mode, it increments on every rising
edge of the external clock input.
Timer1 can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing
control bit, TMR1ON (T1CON<0>).
Timer1 also has an internal Reset input. This Reset
can be generated by the CCP1 module as the special
event trigger (see Section 9.4 Capture Mode).
Register 7-1 shows the Timer1 Control register.
When the Timer1 oscillator is enabled (T1OSCEN is
set), the RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI and RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
pins become inputs. That is, the TRISB<7:6> value is
ignored and these pins read as 0.
Additional information on timer modules is available in
the PICmicro

Manual (DS33023).
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 7-1: T1CON: TIMER1 CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 10h)
U-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON
bit 7 bit 0
bit 6 T1RUN: Timer1 System Clock Status bit
1 = System clock is derived from Timer1 oscillator
0 = System clock is derived from another source
bit 5-4 T1CKPS<1:0>: Timer1 Input Clock Prescale Select bits
11 = 1:8 prescale value
bit 3 T1OSCEN: Timer1 Oscillator Enable Control bit
1 = Oscillator is enabled
0 = Oscillator is shut-off (the oscillator inverter is turned off to eliminate power drain)
bit 2 T1SYNC: Timer1 External Clock Input Synchronization Control bit
TMR1CS = 1:
1 = Do not synchronize external clock input
0 = Synchronize external clock input
TMR1CS = 0:
This bit is ignored. Timer1 uses the internal clock when TMR1CS = 0.
bit 1 TMR1CS: Timer1 Clock Source Select bit
1 = External clock from pin RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI (on the rising edge)
0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4)
bit 0 TMR1ON: Timer1 On bit
1 = Enables Timer1
0 = Stops Timer1
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
7.2 Timer1 Operation in Timer Mode
Timer mode is selected by clearing the TMR1CS
(T1CON<1>) bit. In this mode, the input clock to the
timer is FOSC/4. The synchronize control bit, T1SYNC
(T1CON<2>), has no effect since the internal clock is
always in sync.
7.3 Timer1 Counter Operation
Timer1 may operate in Asynchronous or Synchronous
mode depending on the setting of the TMR1CS bit.
When Timer1 is being incremented via an external
source, increments occur on a rising edge. After Timer1
is enabled in Counter mode, the module must first have
a falling edge before the counter begins to increment.
7.4 Timer1 Operation in Synchronized
Counter Mode
Counter mode is selected by setting bit TMR1CS. In
this mode, the timer increments on every rising edge of
clock input on pin RC1/T1OSI/CCP2, when bit
T1OSCEN is set, or on pin RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI, when
bit T1OSCEN is cleared.
If T1SYNC is cleared, then the external clock input is
synchronized with internal phase clocks. The synchro-
nization is done after the prescaler stage. The
prescaler stage is an asynchronous ripple counter.
In this configuration during Sleep mode, Timer1 will not
increment, even if the external clock is present since
the synchronization circuit is shut-off. The prescaler,
however, will continue to increment.
FIGURE 7-1: TIMER1 INCREMENTING EDGE
FIGURE 7-2: TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
T1CKI
(Default High)
T1CKI
(Default Low)
Note: Arrows indicate counter increments.
TMR1H TMR1L
T1OSC
T1SYNC
TMR1CS
T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0
Q Clock
T1OSCEN
Enable
Oscillator
(1)
FOSC/4
Internal
Clock
TMR1ON
On/Off
Prescaler
1, 2, 4, 8
Synchronize
det
1
0
0
1
Synchronized
Clock Input
2
T1OSI
T1OSO/T1CKI
Note 1: When the T1OSCEN bit is cleared, the inverter is turned off. This eliminates power drain.
Set Flag bit
TMR1IF on
Overflow
TMR1
PIC16F7X7
7.5 Timer1 Operation in
Asynchronous Counter Mode
If control bit, T1SYNC (T1CON<2>), is set, the external
clock input is not synchronized. The timer continues to
increment asynchronous to the internal phase clocks.
The timer will continue to run during Sleep and can
generate an interrupt on overflow that will wake-up the
processor. However, special precautions in software
are needed to read/write the timer (Section 7.5.1
Reading and Writing Timer1 in Asynchronous
Counter Mode).
In Asynchronous Counter mode, Timer1 cannot be
used as a time base for capture or compare operations.
7.5.1 READING AND WRITING TIMER1 IN
ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER MODE
Reading TMR1H or TMR1L while the timer is running
from an external asynchronous clock will ensure a valid
read (taken care of in hardware). However, the user
should keep in mind that reading the 16-bit timer in two
8-bit values itself, poses certain problems, since the
timer may overflow between the reads.
For writes, it is recommended that the user simply stop
the timer and write the desired values. A write conten-
tion may occur by writing to the Timer registers while
the register is incrementing. This may produce an
unpredictable value in the Timer register.
Reading the 16-bit value requires some care. The
example codes provided in Example 7-1 and
Example 7-2 demonstrate how to write to and read
Timer1 while it is running in Asynchronous mode.
EXAMPLE 7-1: WRITING A 16-BIT FREE RUNNING TIMER
EXAMPLE 7-2: READING A 16-BIT FREE RUNNING TIMER
; All interrupts are disabled
CLRF TMR1L ; Clear Low byte, Ensures no rollover into TMR1H
MOVLW HI_BYTE ; Value to load into TMR1H
MOVWF TMR1H, F ; Write High byte
MOVLW LO_BYTE ; Value to load into TMR1L
MOVWF TMR1H, F ; Write Low byte
; Re-enable the Interrupt (if required)
CONTINUE ; Continue with your code
; All interrupts are disabled
MOVF TMR1H, W ; Read high byte
MOVWF TMPH
MOVF TMR1L, W ; Read low byte
MOVWF TMPL
SUBWF TMPH, W ; Sub 1st read with 2nd read
BTFSC STATUS,Z ; Is result = 0
GOTO CONTINUE ; Good 16-bit read
; TMR1L may have rolled over between the read of the high and low bytes.
; Reading the high and low bytes now will read a good value.
MOVWF TMPH
MOVF TMR1L, W ; Read low byte
MOVWF TMPL ; Re-enable the Interrupt (if required)
CONTINUE ; Continue with your code
PIC16F7X7
7.6 Timer1 Oscillator
A crystal oscillator circuit is built between pins T1OSI
(input) and T1OSO (amplifier output). It is enabled by
setting control bit, T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). The oscil-
lator is a low-power oscillator, rated up to 32.768 kHz.
It will continue to run during all power managed modes.
It is primarily intended for a 32 kHz crystal. The circuit
for a typical LP oscillator is shown in Figure 7-3.
Table 7-1 shows the capacitor selection for the Timer1
oscillator.
The user must provide a software time delay to ensure
proper oscillator start-up.
FIGURE 7-3: EXTERNAL
COMPONENTS FOR THE
TIMER1 LP OSCILLATOR
TABLE 7-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR
THE TIMER1 OSCILLATOR
7.7 Timer1 Oscillator Layout
Considerations
The Timer1 oscillator circuit draws very little power dur-
ing operation. Due to the low-power nature of the oscil-
lator, it may also be sensitive to rapidly changing
signals in close proximity.
The oscillator circuit, shown in Figure 7-3, should be
located as close as possible to the microcontroller.
There should be no circuits passing within the oscillator
circuit boundaries other than VSS or VDD.
If a high-speed circuit must be located near the oscilla-
tor, a grounded guard ring around the oscillator circuit,
as shown in Figure 7-4, may be helpful when used on
a single sided PCB or in addition to a ground plane.
FIGURE 7-4: OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT
WITH GROUNDED
GUARD RING
7.8 Resetting Timer1 Using a CCP
Trigger Output
If the CCP1 module is configured in Compare mode to
generate a special event trigger" signal
(CCP1M3:CCP1M0 = 1011), the signal will reset
Timer1 and start an A/D conversion (if the A/D module
is enabled).
Timer1 must be configured for either Timer or Synchro-
nized Counter mode to take advantage of this feature.
If Timer1 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode,
this Reset operation may not work.
In the event that a write to Timer1 coincides with a
special event trigger from CCP1, the write will take
precedence.
In this mode of operation, the CCPR1H:CCPR1L
register pair effectively becomes the period register for
Timer1.
Osc Type Freq C1 C2
LP 32 kHz 33 pF 33 pF
Note 1: Microchip suggests this value as a starting
point in validating the oscillator circuit.
2: Higher capacitance increases the stability
of the oscillator but also increases the
start-up time.
3: Since each resonator/crystal has its own
characteristics, the user should consult
the resonator/crystal manufacturer for
appropriate values of external
components.
4: Capacitor values are for design guidance
only.
PIC16F7X7
T1OSI
T1OSO
C2
33 pF
C1
33 pF
XTAL
32.768 kHz
Note: See the Notes with Table 7-1 for additional
information about capacitor selection.
Note: The special event triggers from the CCP1
module will not set interrupt flag bit,
TMR1IF (PIR1<0>).
OSC1
VSS
OSC2
RC0
RC1
RC2
PIC16F7X7
7.9 Resetting Timer1 Register Pair
(TMR1H, TMR1L)
TMR1H and TMR1L registers are not reset to 00h on a
POR, or any other Reset, except by the CCP1 special
event triggers.
T1CON register is reset to 00h on a Power-on Reset or
a Brown-out Reset, which shuts off the timer and
leaves a 1:1 prescale. In all other Resets, the register
is unaffected.
7.10 Timer1 Prescaler
The prescaler counter is cleared on writes to the
TMR1H or TMR1L registers.
7.11 Using Timer1 as a Real-Time Clock
Adding an external LP oscillator to Timer1 (such as the
one described in Section 7.6 Timer1 Oscillator)
gives users the option to include RTC functionality in
their applications. This is accomplished with an inex-
pensive watch crystal to provide an accurate time base
and several lines of application code to calculate the
time. When operating in Sleep mode and using a
battery or supercapacitor as a power source, it can
completely eliminate the need for a separate RTC
device and battery backup.
The application code routine, RTCisr, shown in
Example 7-3, demonstrates a simple method to incre-
ment a counter at one-second intervals using an Inter-
rupt Service Routine. Incrementing the TMR1 register
pair to overflow, triggers the interrupt and calls the rou-
tine which increments the seconds counter by one;
additional counters for minutes and hours are
incremented as the previous counter overflows.
Since the register pair is 16 bits wide, counting up to
overflow the register directly from a 32.768 kHz clock
would take 2 seconds. To force the overflow at the
required one-second intervals, it is necessary to
preload it; the simplest method is to set the MSbit of
TMR1H with a BSF instruction. Note that the TMR1L
register is never preloaded or altered; doing so may
introduce cumulative error over many cycles.
For this method to be accurate, Timer1 must operate in
Asynchronous mode and the Timer1 overflow interrupt
must be enabled (PIE1<0> = 1) as shown in the
routine, RTCinit. The Timer1 oscillator must also be
enabled and running at all times.
EXAMPLE 7-3: IMPLEMENTING A REAL-TIME CLOCK USING A TIMER1 INTERRUPT SERVICE
RTCinit BANKSEL TMR1H
MOVLW 0x80 ; Preload TMR1 register pair
MOVWF TMR1H ; for 1 second overflow
CLRF TMR1L
MOVLW b00001111 ; Configure for external clock,
MOVWF T1CON ; Asynchronous operation, external oscillator
CLRF secs ; Initialize timekeeping registers
CLRF mins
MOVLW .12
MOVWF hours
BANKSEL PIE1
BSF PIE1, TMR1IE ; Enable Timer1 interrupt
RETURN
RTCisr BANKSEL TMR1H
BSF TMR1H, 7 ; Preload for 1 sec overflow
BCF PIR1, TMR1IF ; Clear interrupt flag
INCF secs, F ; Increment seconds
MOVF secs, w
SUBLW .60
BTFSS STATUS, Z ; 60 seconds elapsed?
RETURN ; No, done
CLRF seconds ; Clear seconds
INCF mins, f ; Increment minutes
MOVF mins, w
SUBLW .60
BTFSS STATUS, Z ; 60 seconds elapsed?
RETURN ; No, done
CLRF mins ; Clear minutes
INCF hours, f ; Increment hours
MOVF hours, w
SUBLW .24
BTFSS STATUS, Z ; 24 hours elapsed?
RETURN ; No, done
CLRF hours ; Clear hours
RETURN ; Done
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 7-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1 AS A TIMER/COUNTER
Value on
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh,
10Bh, 18Bh
INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
0Eh TMR1L Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
0Fh TMR1H Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
10h T1CON T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON -000 0000 -uuu uuuu
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16F737/767 devices; always maintain these bits clear.
PIC16F7X7
NOTES:
PIC16F7X7
8.0 TIMER2 MODULE
Timer2 is an 8-bit timer with a prescaler and a
postscaler. It can be used as the PWM time base for the
PWM mode of the CCP module(s). The TMR2 register
is readable and writable and is cleared on any device
Reset.
The input clock (FOSC/4) has a prescale option of 1:1,
1:4 or 1:16, selected by control bits,
T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0 (T2CON<1:0>).
The Timer2 module has an 8-bit period register, PR2.
Timer2 increments from 00h until it matches PR2 and
then resets to 00h on the next increment cycle. PR2 is
a readable and writable register. The PR2 register is
initialized to FFh upon Reset.
The match output of TMR2 goes through a 4-bit
postscaler (which gives a 1:1 to 1:16 scaling inclusive)
to generate a TMR2 interrupt, latched in flag bit,
TMR2IF (PIR1<1>).
Timer2 can be shut-off by clearing control bit, TMR2ON
(T2CON<2>), to minimize power consumption.
Register 8-1 shows the Timer2 Control register.
Additional information on timer modules is available in
the PICmicro

Manual (DS33023).
8.1 Timer2 Prescaler and Postscaler
The prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared
when any of the following occurs:
a write to the TMR2 register
a write to the T2CON register
any device Reset (POR, MCLR Reset, WDT
Reset or BOR)
TMR2 is not cleared when T2CON is written.
8.2 Output of TMR2
The output of TMR2 (before the postscaler) is fed to the
SSP module which optionally uses it to generate the
shift clock.
FIGURE 8-1: TIMER2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Comparator
TMR2
Sets Flag
TMR2 Reg
Output
(1)
Reset
Postscaler
Prescaler
PR2 Reg
2
FOSC/4
1:1, 1:4, 1:16
EQ
4
bit TMR2IF
Note 1: TMR2 register output can be software selected by the
SSP module as a baud clock.
1:1 to 1:16
T2OUTPS3:
T2OUTPS0
T2CKPS1:
T2CKPS0
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 8-1: T2CON: TIMER2 CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 12h)
TABLE 8-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER2 AS A TIMER/COUNTER
U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 6-3 TOUTPS3:TOUTPS0: Timer2 Output Postscale Select bits
0000 = 1:1 postscale

bit 2 TMR2ON: Timer2 On bit
1 = Timer2 is on
0 = Timer2 is off
bit 1-0 T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0: Timer2 Clock Prescale Select bits
00 = Prescaler is 1
01 = Prescaler is 4
1x = Prescaler is 16
Legend:
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh,8Bh,
10Bh, 18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
11h TMR2 Timer2 Module Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
12h T2CON TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000
92h PR2 Timer2 Period Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer2 module.
PIC16F7X7
9.0 CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM
MODULES
Each Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) module contains
a 16-bit register which can operate as a:
16-bit Capture register
16-bit Compare register
PWM Master/Slave Duty Cycle register
The CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3 modules are identical in
operation, with the exception being the operation of the
special event trigger. Table 9-1 and Table 9-2 show the
resources and interactions of the CCP module(s). In
the following sections, the operation of a CCP module
is described with respect to CCP1. CCP2 and CCP3
operate the same as CCP1, except where noted.
9.1 CCP1 Module
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (CCPR1) is
comprised of two 8-bit registers: CCPR1L (low byte)
and CCPR1H (high byte). The CCP1CON register con-
trols the operation of CCP1. The special event trigger
is generated by a compare match and will clear both
TMR1H and TMR1L registers.
9.2 CCP2 Module
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (CCPR1) is com-
prised of two 8-bit registers: CCPR1L (low byte) and
CCPR1H (high byte). The CCP2CON register controls
the operation of CCP2. The special event trigger is gen-
erated by a compare match; it will clear both TMR1H and
TMR1L registers and start an A/D conversion (if the A/D
module is enabled).
Additional information on CCP modules is available in
the PICmicro

Manual (DS33023) and in Application Note AN594,
Using the CCP Module(s) (DS00594).
9.3 CCP3 Module
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (CCPR1) is com-
prised of two 8-bit registers: CCPR1L (low byte) and
CCPR1H (high byte). The CCP3CON register controls
the operation of CCP3.
TABLE 9-1: CCP MODE TIMER
RESOURCES REQUIRED
TABLE 9-2: INTERACTION OF TWO CCP MODULES
CCP Mode Timer Resource
Capture
Compare
PWM
Timer1
Timer1
Timer2
CCPx Mode CCPy Mode Interaction
Capture Capture Same TMR1 time base.
Capture Compare Same TMR1 time base.
Compare Compare Same TMR1 time base.
PWM PWM The PWMs will have the same frequency and update rate (TMR2 interrupt).
The rising edges are aligned.
PWM Capture None.
PWM Compare None.
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 9-1: CCPxCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 17h, 1Dh, 97h)
U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
CCPxX CCPxY CCPxM3 CCPxM2 CCPxM1 CCPxM0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 5-4 CCPxX:CCPxY: PWM Least Significant bits
Capture mode:
Unused.
Compare mode:
Unused.
PWM mode:
These bits are the two LSbs of the PWM duty cycle. The eight MSbs are found in CCPRxL.
bit 3-0 CCPxM3:CCPxM0: CCPx Mode Select bits
0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM disabled (resets CCPx module)
0100 = Capture mode, every falling edge
0101 = Capture mode, every rising edge
0110 = Capture mode, every 4th rising edge
0111 = Capture mode, every 16th rising edge
1000 = Compare mode, set output on match (CCPxIF bit is set)
1001 = Compare mode, clear output on match (CCPxIF bit is set)
1010 = Compare mode, generate software interrupt on match (CCPxIF bit is set, CCPx pin is
unaffected)
1011 = Compare mode, trigger special event (CCPxIF bit is set, CCPx pin is unaffected);
CCP1 clears Timer1; CCP2 clears Timer1 and starts an A/D conversion (if A/D module
is enabled)
11xx = PWM mode
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
9.4 Capture Mode
In Capture mode, CCPR1H:CCPR1L captures the
16-bit value of the TMR1 register when an event occurs
on pin RC2/CCP1. An event is defined as one of the
following and is configured by CCPxCON<3:0>:
Every falling edge
Every rising edge
Every 4th rising edge
Every 16th rising edge
An event is selected by control bits, CCP1M3:CCP1M0
(CCP1CON<3:0>). When a capture is made, the inter-
rupt request flag bit, CCP1IF (PIR1<2>), is set. The
interrupt flag must be cleared in software. If another
capture occurs before the value in register CCPR1 is
read, the old captured value is overwritten by the new
captured value.
9.4.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION
In Capture mode, the RC2/CCP1 pin should be
configured as an input by setting the TRISC<2> bit.
FIGURE 9-1: CAPTURE MODE
OPERATION BLOCK
DIAGRAM
9.4.2 TIMER1 MODE SELECTION
Timer1 must be running in Timer mode or Synchro-
nized Counter mode for the CCP module to use the
capture feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the
capture operation may not work.
9.4.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT
When the Capture mode is changed, a false capture
interrupt may be generated. The user should keep bit,
CCP1IE (PIE1<2>), clear to avoid false interrupts and
should clear the flag bit, CCP1IF, following any such
change in operating mode.
9.4.4 CCP PRESCALER
There are four prescaler settings specified by bits,
CCP1M3:CCP1M0. Whenever the CCP module is
turned off, or the CCP module is not in Capture mode,
the prescaler counter is cleared. Any Reset will clear
the prescaler counter.
Switching from one capture prescaler to another may
generate an interrupt. Also, the prescaler counter will
not be cleared, therefore, the first capture may be from
a non-zero prescaler. Example 9-1 shows the
recommended method for switching between capture
prescalers. This example also clears the prescaler
counter and will not generate the false interrupt.
EXAMPLE 9-1: CHANGING BETWEEN
CAPTURE PRESCALERS
9.5 Compare Mode
In Compare mode, the 16-bit CCPR1 register value is
constantly compared against the TMR1 register pair
value. When a match occurs, the RC2/CCP1 pin is:
Driven high
Driven low
Remains unchanged
The action on the pin is based on the value of control
bits, CCP1M3:CCP1M0 (CCP1CON<3:0>). At the
same time, interrupt flag bit CCP1IF is set.
FIGURE 9-2: COMPARE MODE
OPERATION BLOCK
DIAGRAM
Note: If the RC2/CCP1 pin is configured as an
output, a write to the port can cause a
capture condition.
CCPR1H CCPR1L
TMR1H TMR1L
Set Flag bit CCP1IF
(PIR1<2>)
Capture
Enable
Qs
CCP1CON<3:0>
RC2/CCP1
Prescaler
1, 4, 16
and
Edge Detect
pin
CLRF CCP1CON ;Turn CCP module off
MOVLW NEW_CAPT_PS ;Load the W reg with
;the new prescaler
;move value and CCP ON
MOVWF CCP1CON ;Load CCP1CON with this
;value
CCPR1H CCPR1L
TMR1H TMR1L
Comparator
Q S
R
Output
Logic
Special Event Trigger
Set Flag bit CCP1IF
(PIR1<2>)
Match
RC2/CCP1
TRISC<2>
CCP1CON<3:0>
Mode Select
Output Enable
pin
Special Event Trigger will:
clear TMR1H and TMR1L registers
NOT set interrupt flag bit, TMR1F (PIR1<0>)
(for CCP2 only) set the GO/DONE bit (ADCON0<2>)
PIC16F7X7
9.5.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION
The user must configure the RC2/CCP1 pin as an
output by clearing the TRISC<2> bit.
9.5.2 TIMER1 MODE SELECTION
Timer1 must be running in Timer mode or Synchro-
nized Counter mode if the CCP module is using the
compare feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the
compare operation may not work.
9.5.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE
When Generate Software Interrupt mode is chosen, the
CCP1 pin is not affected. The CCP1IF or CCP2IF bit is
set, causing a CCP interrupt (if enabled).
9.5.4 SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER
In this mode, an internal hardware trigger is generated
which may be used to initiate an action.
The special event trigger output of CCP1 resets the
TMR1 register pair. This allows the CCPR1 register to
effectively be a 16-bit programmable period register for
Timer1.
The special event trigger output of CCP2 resets the
TMR1 register pair and starts an A/D conversion (if the
A/D module is enabled).
TABLE 9-3: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE, COMPARE AND TIMER1
Note: Clearing the CCP1CON register will force
the RC2/CCP1 compare output latch to
the default low level. This is not the
PORTC I/O data latch.
Note: The special event trigger from the CCP1
and CCP2 modules will not set interrupt
flag bit, TMR1IF (PIR1<0>).
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh,8Bh,
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
0Dh PIR2 OSFIF CMIF LVDIF BCLIF CCP3IF CCP2IF 000- 0--0 000- 0--0
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
8Dh PIE2 OSFIE CMIE LVDIE BCLIE CCP3IE CCP2IE 000- 0--0 000- 0--0
0Eh TMR1L Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
0Fh TMR1H Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
10h T1CON T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON --00 0000 --uu uuuu
15h CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
16h CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
17h CCP1CON CCP1X CCP1Y CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 --00 0000
1Bh CCPR2L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
1Ch CCPR2H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
1Dh CCP2CON CCP2X CCP2Y CCP2M3 CCP2M2 CCP2M1 CCP2M0 --00 0000 --00 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by Capture and Timer1.
Note 1: The PSP is not implemented on the PIC16F737/767 devices; always maintain these bits clear.
PIC16F7X7
9.6 PWM Mode (PWM)
In Pulse Width Modulation mode, the CCPx pin
produces up to a 10-bit resolution PWM output. Since
the CCP1 pin is multiplexed with the PORTC data latch,
the TRISC<2> bit must be cleared to make the CCP1
pin an output.
Figure 9-3 shows a simplified block diagram of the
CCP module in PWM mode.
For a step-by-step procedure on how to set up the CCP
module for PWM operation, see Section 9.6.3 Setup
for PWM Operation.
FIGURE 9-3: SIMPLIFIED PWM BLOCK
DIAGRAM
A PWM output (Figure 9-4) has a time base (period)
and a time that the output stays high (duty cycle). The
frequency of the PWM is the inverse of the period
(1/period).
FIGURE 9-4: PWM OUTPUT
9.6.1 PWM PERIOD
The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2
register. The PWM period can be calculated using the
following formula:
PWM Period = [(PR2) + 1] 4 TOSC
(TMR2 Prescale Value)
PWM frequency is defined as 1/[PWM period].
When TMR2 is equal to PR2, the following three events
occur on the next increment cycle:
TMR2 is cleared
The CCP1 pin is set (exception: if PWM duty
cycle = 0%, the CCP1 pin will not be set)
The PWM duty cycle is latched from CCPR1L into
CCPR1H
9.6.2 PWM DUTY CYCLE
The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the
CCPR1L register and to the CCP1CON<5:4> bits. Up
to 10-bit resolution is available. The CCPR1L contains
the eight MSbs and the CCP1CON<5:4> contains the
two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by
CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>. The following equation is
used to calculate the PWM duty cycle in time:
PWM Duty Cycle = (CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>)
TOSC (TMR2 Prescale Value)
CCPR1L and CCP1CON<5:4> can be written to at any
time, but the duty cycle value is not latched into
CCPR1H until after a match between PR2 and TMR2
occurs (i.e., the period is complete). In PWM mode,
CCPR1H is a read-only register.
The CCPR1H register and a 2-bit internal latch are
used to double-buffer the PWM duty cycle. This
double-buffering is essential for glitchless PWM
operation.
When the CCPR1H and 2-bit latch match TMR2,
concatenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock or 2 bits of
the TMR2 prescaler, the CCP1 pin is cleared.
The maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a given PWM
frequency is given by the formula:
Note: Clearing the CCP1CON register will force
the CCP1 PWM output latch to the default
low level. This is not the PORTC I/O data
latch.
CCPR1L
CCPR1H (Slave)
Comparator
TMR2
Comparator
PR2
(1)
R Q
S
Duty Cycle Registers CCP1CON<5:4>
Clear Timer,
CCP1 pin and
latch D.C.
TRISC<2>
RC2/CCP1
(Note 1)
Note 1: The 8-bit timer is concatenated with the 2-bit
internal Q clock or the 2 bits of the prescaler to
create the 10-bit time base.
Period
Duty Cycle
TMR2 = PR2
TMR2 = Duty Cycle
TMR2 = PR2
TMR2
Reset
TMR2
Reset
Note: The Timer2 postscaler (see Section 9.4
Capture Mode) is not used in the deter-
mination of the PWM frequency. The
postscaler could be used to have a servo
update rate at a different frequency than
the PWM output.
Note: If the PWM duty cycle value is longer than
the PWM period, the CCP1 pin will not be
cleared.
log(
FPWM
log(2)
FOSC
)
bits =
Resolution
PIC16F7X7
9.6.3 SETUP FOR PWM OPERATION
The following steps should be taken when configuring
the CCP module for PWM operation:
1. Set the PWM period by writing to the PR2 register.
2. Set the PWM duty cycle by writing to the
CCPR1L register and CCP1CON<5:4> bits.
3. Make the CCP1 pin an output by clearing the
TRISC<2> bit.
4. Set the TMR2 prescale value and enable Timer2
by writing to T2CON.
5. Configure the CCP1 module for PWM operation.
TABLE 9-4: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS (FOSC = 20 MHz)
TABLE 9-5: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PWM AND TIMER2
PWM Frequency 1.22 kHz 4.88 kHz 19.53 kHz 78.12 kHz 156.3 kHz 208.3 kHz
Timer Prescale (1, 4, 16) 16 4 1 1 1 1
PR2 Value 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0x3F 0x1F 0x17
Maximum Resolution (bits) 10 10 10 8 7 6.6
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh,8Bh,
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
0Dh PIR2 OSFIF CMIF LVDIF BCLIF CCP3IF CCP2IF 000- 0-00 000- 0-00
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
8Dh PIE2 OSFIE CMIE LVDIE BCLIE CCP3IE CCP2IE 000- 0-00 000- 0-00
11h TMR2 Timer2 Module Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
92h PR2 Timer2 Module Period Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
12h T2CON TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000
1Bh CCPR2L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
1Ch CCPR2H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
1Dh CCP2CON CCP2X CCP2Y CCP2M3 CCP2M2 CCP2M1 CCP2M0 --00 0000 --00 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by PWM and Timer2.
PIC16F7X7
10.0 MASTER SYNCHRONOUS
SERIAL PORT (MSSP)
MODULE
10.1 Master SSP (MSSP) Module
Overview
The Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) module is
a serial interface, useful for communicating with other
peripheral or microcontroller devices. These peripheral
devices may be serial EEPROMs, shift registers, dis-
play drivers, A/D converters, etc. The MSSP module
can operate in one of two modes:
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
Inter-Integrated Circuit (I
2
C)
- Full Master mode
- Slave mode (with general address call)
The I
2
C interface supports the following modes in
hardware:
Master mode
Multi-Master mode
Slave mode
10.2 Control Registers
The MSSP module has three associated registers.
These include a status register (SSPSTAT) and two
control registers (SSPCON and SSPCON2). The use
of these registers and their individual configuration bits
differ significantly, depending on whether the MSSP
module is operated in SPI or I
2
C mode.
Additional details are provided under the individual
sections.
10.3 SPI Mode
The SPI mode allows 8 bits of data to be synchronously
transmitted and received simultaneously. All four modes
of SPI are supported. To accomplish communication,
typically three pins are used:
Serial Data Out (SDO) RC5/SDO
Serial Data In (SDI) RC4/SDI/SDA
Serial Clock (SCK) RC3/SCK/SCL
Additionally, a fourth pin may be used when in a Slave
mode of operation:
Slave Select (SS) RA5/AN4/LVDIN/SS/C2OUT
Figure 10-1 shows the block diagram of the MSSP
module when operating in SPI mode.
FIGURE 10-1: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM
(SPI MODE)
Note: When the SPI is in Slave mode with SS pin
control enabled (SSPCON<3:0> = 0100),
the state of the SS pin can affect the state
read back from the TRISC<5> bit. The
Peripheral OE signal, from the SSP mod-
ule into PORTC, controls the state that is
read back from the TRISC<5> bit (see
Section 5.3 PORTC and the TRISC
Register for information on PORTC). If
Read-Modify-Write instructions, such as
BSF are performed on the TRISC register
while the SS pin is high, this will cause the
TRISC<5> bit to be set, thus disabling the
SDO output.
Read Write
Internal
Data Bus
SSPSR Reg
SSPM3:SSPM0
bit0
Shift
Clock
SS Control
Enable
Edge
Select
Clock Select
TMR2 Output
TOSC Prescaler
4, 16, 64
2
Edge
Select
2
4
Data to TX/RX in SSPSR
TRIS bit
2
SMP:CKE
RC4/SDI/
RC5/SDO
RA5/AN4/
( )
SSPBUF Reg
LVDIN/SS/
RC3/
SCK/
Peripheral OE
C2OUT
SDA
SCL
PIC16F7X7
10.3.1 REGISTERS
The MSSP module has four registers for SPI mode
operation. These are:
MSSP Control Register (SSPCON)
MSSP Status Register (SSPSTAT)
Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer (SSPBUF)
MSSP Shift Register (SSPSR) Not directly
accessible
SSPCON and SSPSTAT are the control and status
registers in SPI mode operation. The SSPCON
register is readable and writable. The lower 6 bits of
the SSPSTAT are read-only. The upper two bits of the
SSPSTAT are read/write.
SSPSR is the shift register used for shifting data in or
out. SSPBUF is the buffer register to which data bytes
are written to or read from.
In receive operations, SSPSR and SSPBUF together
create a double-buffered receiver. When SSPSR
receives a complete byte, it is transferred to SSPBUF
and the SSPIF interrupt is set.
During transmission, the SSPBUF is not double-
buffered. A write to SSPBUF will write to both SSPBUF
and SSPSR.
REGISTER 10-1: SSPSTAT: MSSP STATUS (SPI MODE) REGISTER (ADDRESS 94h)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0
SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 SMP: Sample bit
SPI Master mode:
1 = Input data sampled at end of data output time
0 = Input data sampled at middle of data output time
SPI Slave mode:
SMP must be cleared when SPI is used in Slave mode.
bit 6 CKE: SPI Clock Edge Select bit
When CKP = 0:
1 = Data transmitted on rising edge of SCK
0 = Data transmitted on falling edge of SCK
When CKP = 1:
1 = Data transmitted on falling edge of SCK
0 = Data transmitted on rising edge of SCK
bit 5 D/A: Data/Address bit
Used in I
2
C mode only.
bit 4 P: Stop bit
Used in I
2
C mode only. This bit is cleared when the MSSP module is disabled, SSPEN is cleared.
bit 3 S: Start bit
Used in I
2
C mode only.
bit 2 R/W: Read/Write bit Information
Used in I
2
C mode only.
bit 1 UA: Update Address bit
Used in I
2
C mode only.
bit 0 BF: Buffer Full Status bit (Receive mode only)
1 = Receive complete, SSPBUF is full
0 = Receive not complete, SSPBUF is empty
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 10-2: SSPCON: MSSP CONTROL (SPI MODE) REGISTER 1 (ADDRESS 14h)
WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit (Transmit mode only)
1 = The SSPBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word.
(Must be cleared in software.)
0 = No collision
bit 6 SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit
SPI Slave mode:
1 = A new byte is received while the SSPBUF register is still holding the previous data. In case
of overflow, the data in SSPSR is lost. Overflow can only occur in Slave mode. The user
must read the SSPBUF, even if only transmitting data, to avoid setting overflow.
(Must be cleared in software.)
0 = No overflow
Note: In Master mode, the overflow bit is not set since each new reception (and
transmission) is initiated by writing to the SSPBUF register.
bit 5 SSPEN: Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit
1 = Enables serial port and configures SCK, SDO, SDI and SS as serial port pins
0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins
Note: When enabled, these pins must be properly configured as input or output.
bit 4 CKP: Clock Polarity Select bit
1 = Idle state for clock is a high level
0 = Idle state for clock is a low level
bit 3-0 SSPM3:SSPM0: Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits
0101 = SPI Slave mode, clock = SCK pin. SS pin control disabled. SS can be used as I/O pin.
0100 = SPI Slave mode, clock = SCK pin. SS pin control enabled.
0011 = SPI Master mode, clock = TMR2 output/2
0010 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/64
Note: Bit combinations not specifically listed here are either reserved or implemented in
I
2
C mode only.
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
10.3.2 OPERATION
When initializing the SPI, several options need to be
specified. This is done by programming the appropriate
control bits (SSPCON<5:0> and SSPSTAT<7:6>).
These control bits allow the following to be specified:
Master mode (SCK is the clock output)
Slave mode (SCK is the clock input)
Clock Polarity (Idle state of SCK)
Data Input Sample Phase (middle or end of data
output time)
Clock Edge (output data on rising/falling edge of
SCK)
Clock Rate (Master mode only)
Slave Select mode (Slave mode only)
The MSSP consists of a transmit/receive shift register
(SSPSR) and a buffer register (SSPBUF). The SSPSR
shifts the data in and out of the device, MSb first. The
SSPBUF holds the data that was written to the SSPSR
until the received data is ready. Once the 8 bits of data
have been received, that byte is moved to the SSPBUF
register. Then, the Buffer Full detect bit, BF
(SSPSTAT<0>), and the interrupt flag bit, SSPIF, are
set. This double-buffering of the received data
(SSPBUF) allows the next byte to start reception before
reading the data that was just received. Any write to the
SSPBUF register during transmission/reception of data
will be ignored and the write collision detect bit, WCOL
(SSPCON<7>), will be set. User software must clear
the WCOL bit so that it can be determined if the follow-
ing write(s) to the SSPBUF register completed
successfully.
When the application software is expecting to receive
valid data, the SSPBUF should be read before the next
byte of data to transfer is written to the SSPBUF. Buffer
Full bit, BF (SSPSTAT<0>), indicates when SSPBUF
has been loaded with the received data (transmission
is complete). When the SSPBUF is read, the BF bit is
cleared. This data may be irrelevant if the SPI is only a
transmitter. Generally, the MSSP interrupt is used to
determine when the transmission/reception has com-
pleted. The SSPBUF must be read and/or written. If the
interrupt method is not going to be used, then software
polling can be done to ensure that a write collision does
not occur. Example 10-1 shows the loading of the
SSPBUF (SSPSR) for data transmission.
The SSPSR is not directly readable or writable, and
can only be accessed by addressing the SSPBUF
register. Additionally, the MSSP Status register
(SSPSTAT) indicates the various status conditions.
EXAMPLE 10-1: LOADING THE SSPBUF (SSPSR) REGISTER
LOOP BTFSS SSPSTAT, BF ;Has data been received (transmit complete)?
BRA LOOP ;No
MOVF SSPBUF, W ;WREG reg = contents of SSPBUF
MOVWF RXDATA ;Save in user RAM, if data is meaningful
MOVF TXDATA, W ;W reg = contents of TXDATA
MOVWF SSPBUF ;New data to xmit
PIC16F7X7
10.3.3 ENABLING SPI I/O
To enable the serial port, SSP Enable bit, SSPEN
(SSPCON<5>), must be set. To reset or reconfigure
SPI mode, clear the SSPEN bit, reinitialize the
SSPCON registers and then set the SSPEN bit. This
configures the SDI, SDO, SCK and SS pins as serial
port pins. For the pins to behave as the serial port func-
tion, some must have their data direction bits (in the
TRIS register) appropriately programmed. That is:
SDI is automatically controlled by the SPI module
SDO must have TRISC<5> bit cleared
SCK (Master mode) must have TRISC<3> bit
cleared
SCK (Slave mode) must have TRISC<3> bit set
SS must have TRISA<5> bit set
Any serial port function that is not desired may be
overridden by programming the corresponding data
direction (TRIS) register to the opposite value.
10.3.4 TYPICAL CONNECTION
Figure 10-2 shows a typical connection between two
microcontrollers. The master controller (Processor 1)
initiates the data transfer by sending the SCK signal.
Data is shifted out of both shift registers on their pro-
grammed clock edge and latched on the opposite edge
of the clock. Both processors should be programmed to
the same Clock Polarity (CKP), then both controllers
would send and receive data at the same time.
Whether the data is meaningful (or dummy data)
depends on the application software. This leads to
three scenarios for data transmission:
Master sends data Slave sends dummy data
Master sends data Slave sends data
Master sends dummy data Slave sends data
FIGURE 10-2: SPI MASTER/SLAVE CONNECTION
Serial Input Buffer
(SSPBUF)
Shift Register
(SSPSR)
MSb LSb
SDO
SDI
PROCESSOR 1
SCK
SPI Master SSPM3:SSPM0 = 00xxb
Serial Input Buffer
(SSPBUF)
Shift Register
(SSPSR)
LSb MSb
SDI
SDO
PROCESSOR 2
SCK
SPI Slave SSPM3:SSPM0 = 010xb
Serial Clock
PIC16F7X7
10.3.5 MASTER MODE
The master can initiate the data transfer at any time
because it controls the SCK. The master determines
when the slave (Processor 2, Figure 10-2) is to
broadcast data by the software protocol.
In Master mode, the data is transmitted/received as
soon as the SSPBUF register is written to. If the SPI is
only going to receive, the SDO output could be dis-
abled (programmed as an input). The SSPSR register
will continue to shift in the signal present on the SDI pin
at the programmed clock rate. As each byte is
received, it will be loaded into the SSPBUF register as
if a normal received byte (interrupts and status bits
appropriately set). This could be useful in receiver
applications as a Line Activity Monitor mode.
The clock polarity is selected by appropriately program-
ming the CKP bit (SSPCON<4>). This then, would give
waveforms for SPI communication as shown in
Figure 10-3, Figure 10-5 and Figure 10-6, where the
MSB is transmitted first. In Master mode, the SPI clock
rate (bit rate) is user programmable to be one of the
following:
FOSC/4 (or TCY)
FOSC/16 (or 4 TCY)
FOSC/64 (or 16 TCY)
Timer2 output/2
This allows a maximum data rate (at 40 MHz) of
10.00 Mbps.
Figure 10-3 shows the waveforms for Master mode.
When the CKE bit is set, the SDO data is valid before
there is a clock edge on SCK. The change of the input
sample is shown based on the state of the SMP bit. The
time when the SSPBUF is loaded with the received
data is shown.
FIGURE 10-3: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (MASTER MODE)
SCK
(CKP = 0
SCK
(CKP = 1
SCK
(CKP = 0
SCK
(CKP = 1
4 Clock
Modes
Input
Sample
Input
Sample
SDI
bit 7 bit 0
SDO bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
bit 7 bit 0
SDI
SSPIF
(SMP = 1)
(SMP = 0)
(SMP = 1)
CKE = 1)
CKE = 0)
CKE = 1)
CKE = 0)
(SMP = 0)
Write to
SSPBUF
SSPSR to
SSPBUF
(CKE = 0)
(CKE = 1)
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2
PIC16F7X7
10.3.6 SLAVE MODE
In Slave mode, the data is transmitted and received as
the external clock pulses appear on SCK. When the
last bit is latched, the SSPIF interrupt flag bit is set.
While in Slave mode, the external clock is supplied by
the external clock source on the SCK pin. This external
clock must meet the minimum high and low times, as
specified in the electrical specifications.
While in Sleep mode, the slave can transmit/receive
data. When a byte is received, the device will wake-up
from Sleep.
10.3.7 SLAVE SELECT
SYNCHRONIZATION
The SS pin allows a Synchronous Slave mode. The
SPI must be in Slave mode with SS pin control enabled
(SSPCON<3:0> = 4h). The pin must not be driven low
for the SS pin to function as an input. The data latch
must be high. When the SS pin is low, transmission and
reception are enabled and the SDO pin is driven. When
the SS pin goes high, the SDO pin is no longer driven,
even if in the middle of a transmitted byte and becomes
a floating output. External pull-up/pull-down resistors
may be desirable, depending on the application.
When the SPI module resets, the bit counter is forced
to 0. This can be done by either forcing the SS pin to
a high level or clearing the SSPEN bit.
To emulate two-wire communication, the SDO pin can
be connected to the SDI pin. When the SPI needs to
operate as a receiver, the SDO pin can be configured
as an input. This disables transmissions from the SDO.
The SDI can always be left as an input (SDI function)
since it cannot create a bus conflict.
FIGURE 10-4: SLAVE SYNCHRONIZATION WAVEFORM
Note 1: When the SPI is in Slave mode with SS pin
control enabled (SSPCON<3:0> = 0100),
the SPI module will reset if the SS pin is set
to VDD.
2: If the SPI is used in Slave mode with CKE
set, then the SS pin control must be
enabled.
SCK
(CKP = 1
SCK
(CKP = 0
Input
Sample
SDI
bit 7
SDO bit 7 bit 6 bit 7
SSPIF
Interrupt
(SMP = 0)
CKE = 0)
CKE = 0)
(SMP = 0)
Write to
SSPBUF
SSPSR to
SSPBUF
SS
Flag
bit 0
bit 7
bit 0
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 10-5: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 0)
FIGURE 10-6: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 1)
SCK
(CKP = 1
SCK
(CKP = 0
Input
Sample
SDI
bit 7 bit 0
SSPIF
Interrupt
(SMP = 0)
CKE = 0)
CKE = 0)
(SMP = 0)
Write to
SSPBUF
SSPSR to
SSPBUF
SS
Flag
Optional
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2
SCK
(CKP = 1
SCK
(CKP = 0
Input
Sample
SDI
bit 7 bit 0
SSPIF
Interrupt
(SMP = 0)
CKE = 1)
CKE = 1)
(SMP = 0)
Write to
SSPBUF
SSPSR to
SSPBUF
SS
Flag
Not Optional
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2
PIC16F7X7
10.3.8 SLEEP OPERATION
In Master mode, all module clocks are halted and the
transmission/reception will remain in that state until the
device wakes from Sleep. After the device returns to
normal mode, the module will continue to transmit/
receive data.
In Slave mode, the SPI Transmit/Receive Shift register
operates asynchronously to the device. This allows the
device to be placed in Sleep mode and data to be
shifted into the SPI Transmit/Receive Shift register.
When all 8 bits have been received, the MSSP interrupt
flag bit will be set and if enabled, will wake the device
from Sleep.
10.3.9 EFFECTS OF A RESET
A Reset disables the MSSP module and terminates the
current transfer.
10.3.10 BUS MODE COMPATIBILITY
Table 10-1 shows the compatibility between the
standard SPI modes and the states of the CKP and
CKE control bits.
TABLE 10-1: SPI BUS MODES
There is also an SMP bit which controls when the data
is sampled.
TABLE 10-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SPI OPERATION
Standard SPI Mode
Terminology
Control Bits State
CKP CKE
0, 0 0 1
0, 1 0 0
1, 0 1 1
1, 1 1 0
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Value on
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
SSPBUF Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
SSPCON WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 0000 0000
TRISA PORTA Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
SSPSTAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by the MSSP in SPI mode.
Note 1: The PSPIF, PSPIE and PSPIP bits are reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.
PIC16F7X7
10.4 I
2
C Mode
The MSSP module in I
2
C mode fully implements all
master and slave functions (including general call sup-
port) and provides interrupts on Start and Stop bits in
hardware to determine a free bus (multi-master func-
tion). The MSSP module implements the standard
mode specifications, as well as 7-bit and 10-bit
addressing.
Two pins are used for data transfer:
Serial clock (SCL) RC3/SCK/SCL
Serial data (SDA) RC4/SDI/SDA
The user must configure these pins as inputs or outputs
through the TRISC<4:3> bits.
FIGURE 10-7: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM
(I
2
C MODE)
10.4.1 REGISTERS
The MSSP module has six registers for I
2
C operation.
These are:
MSSP Control Register (SSPCON)
MSSP Control Register 2 (SSPCON2)
MSSP Status Register (SSPSTAT)
Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer (SSPBUF)
MSSP Shift Register (SSPSR) Not directly
accessible
MSSP Address Register (SSPADD)
SSPCON, SSPCON2 and SSPSTAT are the control
and status registers in I
2
C mode operation. The
SSPCON and SSPCON2 registers are readable and
writable. The lower 6 bits of the SSPSTAT are
read-only. The upper two bits of the SSPSTAT are
read/write.
SSPSR is the shift register used for shifting data in or
out. SSPBUF is the buffer register to which data bytes
are written to or read from.
SSPADD register holds the slave device address
when the SSP is configured in I
2
C Slave mode. When
the SSP is configured in Master mode, the lower
seven bits of SSPADD act as the baud rate generator
reload value.
In receive operations, SSPSR and SSPBUF together
create a double-buffered receiver. When SSPSR
receives a complete byte, it is transferred to SSPBUF
and the SSPIF interrupt is set.
During transmission, the SSPBUF is not double-
buffered. A write to SSPBUF will write to both SSPBUF
and SSPSR.
Read Write
SSPSR Reg
Match Detect
SSPADD Reg
Start and
Stop bit Detect
SSPBUF Reg
Internal
Data Bus
Addr Match
Set, Reset
S, P bits
(SSPSTAT Reg)
RC3/SCK/
RC4/
Shift
Clock
MSb
SDI/
LSb
SDA
SCL
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 10-3: SSPSTAT: MSSP STATUS (I
2
C MODE) REGISTER (ADDRESS 94h)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0
SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 SMP: Slew Rate Control bit
In Master or Slave mode:
1 = Slew rate control disabled for standard speed mode (100 kHz and 1 MHz)
0 = Slew rate control enabled for high-speed mode (400 kHz)
bit 6 CKE: SMBus Select bit
In Master or Slave mode:
1 = Enable SMBus specific inputs
0 = Disable SMBus specific inputs
bit 5 D/A: Data/Address bit
In Master mode:
Reserved.
In Slave mode:
1 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was data
0 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was address
bit 4 P: Stop bit
1 = Indicates that a Stop bit has been detected last
0 = Stop bit was not detected last
Note: This bit is cleared on Reset and when SSPEN is cleared.
bit 3 S: Start bit
1 = Indicates that a Start bit has been detected last
0 = Start bit was not detected last
Note: This bit is cleared on Reset and when SSPEN is cleared.
bit 2 R/W: Read/Write bit Information bit (I
2
C mode only)
In Slave mode:
1 = Read
0 = Write
Note: This bit holds the R/W bit information following the last address match. This bit is
only valid from the address match to the next Start bit, Stop bit or not ACK bit.
In Master mode:
1 = Transmit is in progress
0 = Transmit is not in progress
Note: ORing this bit with SEN, RSEN, PEN, RCEN or ACKEN will indicate if the MSSP is
in Idle mode.
bit 1 UA: Update Address bit (10-bit Slave mode only)
1 = Indicates that the user needs to update the address in the SSPADD register
0 = Address does not need to be updated
bit 0 BF: Buffer Full Status bit
In Transmit mode:
1 = Receive complete, SSPBUF is full
0 = Receive not complete, SSPBUF is empty
In Receive mode:
1 = Data transmit in progress (does not include the ACK and Stop bits), SSPBUF is full
0 = Data transmit complete (does not include the ACK and Stop bits), SSPBUF is empty
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 10-4: SSPCON: MSSP CONTROL (I
2
C MODE) REGISTER 1 (ADDRESS 14h)
WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit
In Master Transmit mode:
1 = A write to the SSPBUF register was attempted while the I
2
C conditions were not valid for
a transmission to be started. (Must be cleared in software.)
0 = No collision
In Slave Transmit mode:
1 = The SSPBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word. (Must be
cleared in software.)
0 = No collision
In Receive mode (Master or Slave modes):
This is a dont care bit.
bit 6 SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit
In Receive mode:
1 = A byte is received while the SSPBUF register is still holding the previous byte. (Must be
cleared in software.)
0 = No overflow
In Transmit mode:
This is a dont care bit in Transmit mode.
bit 5 SSPEN: Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit
1 = Enables the serial port and configures the SDA and SCL pins as the serial port pins
0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins
Note: When enabled, the SDA and SCL pins must be properly configured as input or output.
bit 4 CKP: SCK Release Control bit
In Slave mode:
1 = Release clock
0 = Holds clock low (clock stretch). (Used to ensure data setup time.)
In Master mode:
bit 3-0 SSPM3:SSPM0: Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits
1111 = I
2
C Slave mode, 10-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled
1110 = I
2
C Slave mode, 7-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled
1011 = I
2
C Firmware Controlled Master mode (slave Idle)
1000 = I
2
C Master mode, clock = FOSC/(4 * (SSPADD + 1))
0111 = I
2
C Slave mode, 10-bit address
0110 = I
2
C Slave mode, 7-bit address
Note: Bit combinations not specifically listed here are either reserved or implemented in
SPI mode only.
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 10-5: SSPCON2: MSSP CONTROL (I
2
C MODE) REGISTER 2 (ADDRESS 91h)
GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT ACKEN RCEN PEN RSEN SEN
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 GCEN: General Call Enable bit (Slave mode only)
1 = Enable interrupt when a general call address (0000h) is received in the SSPSR
0 = General call address disabled
bit 6 ACKSTAT: Acknowledge Status bit (Master Transmit mode only)
1 = Acknowledge was not received from slave
0 = Acknowledge was received from slave
bit 5 ACKDT: Acknowledge Data bit (Master Receive mode only)
1 = Not Acknowledge
0 = Acknowledge
Note: Value that will be transmitted when the user initiates an Acknowledge sequence at
the end of a receive.
bit 4 ACKEN: Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit (Master Receive mode only)
1 = Initiate Acknowledge sequence on SDA and SCL pins and transmit ACKDT data bit.
Automatically cleared by hardware.
0 = Acknowledge sequence Idle
bit 3 RCEN: Receive Enable bit (Master mode only)
1 = Enables Receive mode for I
2
C
0 = Receive Idle
bit 2 PEN: Stop Condition Enable bit (Master mode only)
1 = Initiate Stop condition on SDA and SCL pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.
0 = Stop condition Idle
bit 1 RSEN: Repeated Start Condition Enabled bit (Master mode only)
1 = Initiate Repeated Start condition on SDA and SCL pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.
0 = Repeated Start condition Idle
bit 0 SEN: Start Condition Enabled/Stretch Enabled bit
In Master mode:
1 = Initiate Start condition on SDA and SCL pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.
0 = Start condition Idle
In Slave mode:
1 = Clock stretching is enabled for both slave transmit and slave receive (stretch enabled)
0 = Clock stretching is enabled for slave transmit only (PIC16F87X compatibility)
Note: For bits ACKEN, RCEN, PEN, RSEN, SEN: If the I
2
C module is not in the Idle mode,
this bit may not be set (no spooling) and the SSPBUF may not be written (or writes
to the SSPBUF are disabled).
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
10.4.2 OPERATION
The MSSP module functions are enabled by setting
MSSP enable bit, SSPEN (SSPCON<5>).
The SSPCON register allows control of the I
2
C opera-
tion. Four mode selection bits (SSPCON<3:0>) allow
one of the following I
2
C modes to be selected:
I
2
C Master mode, clock = Osc/4 (SSPADD + 1)
I
2
C Slave mode (7-bit address)
I
2
C Slave mode (10-bit address)
I
2
C Slave mode (7-bit address), with Start and
Stop bit interrupts enabled
I
2
C Slave mode (10-bit address), with Start and
Stop bit interrupts enabled
I
2
C Firmware Controlled Master mode, slave is
Idle
Selection of any I
2
C mode, with the SSPEN bit set,
forces the SCL and SDA pins to be open-drain, pro-
vided these pins are programmed to inputs by setting
the appropriate TRISC bits. To ensure proper operation
of the module, pull-up resistors must be provided
externally to the SCL and SDA pins.
10.4.3 SLAVE MODE
In Slave mode, the SCL and SDA pins must be config-
ured as inputs (TRISC<4:3> set). The MSSP module
will override the input state with the output data when
required (slave-transmitter).
The I
2
C Slave mode hardware will always generate an
interrupt on an address match. Through the mode
select bits, the user can also choose to interrupt on
Start and Stop bits.
When an address is matched, or the data transfer after
an address match is received, the hardware automati-
cally will generate the Acknowledge (ACK) pulse and
load the SSPBUF register with the received value
currently in the SSPSR register.
Any combination of the following conditions will cause
the MSSP module not to give this ACK pulse:
The Buffer Full bit, BF (SSPSTAT<0>), was set
before the transfer was received.
The overflow bit, SSPOV (SSPCON<6>), was set
before the transfer was received.
In this case, the SSPSR register value is not loaded
into the SSPBUF, but bit SSPIF (PIR1<3>) is set. The
BF bit is cleared by reading the SSPBUF register, while
bit SSPOV is cleared through software.
The SCL clock input must have a minimum high and
low for proper operation. The high and low times of the
I
2
C specification, as well as the requirement of the
MSSP module, are shown in timing parameter #100
and parameter #101.
10.4.3.1 Addressing
Once the MSSP module has been enabled, it waits for
a Start condition to occur. Following the Start condition,
the 8 bits are shifted into the SSPSR register. All incom-
ing bits are sampled with the rising edge of the clock
(SCL) line. The value of register SSPSR<7:1> is com-
pared to the value of the SSPADD register. The
address is compared on the falling edge of the eighth
clock (SCL) pulse. If the addresses match and the BF
and SSPOV bits are clear, the following events occur:
1. The SSPSR register value is loaded into the
SSPBUF register.
2. The Buffer Full bit, BF, is set.
3. An ACK pulse is generated.
4. MSSP Interrupt Flag bit, SSPIF (PIR1<3>), is
set (interrupt is generated if enabled) on the
falling edge of the ninth SCL pulse.
In 10-bit Address mode, two address bytes need to be
received by the slave. The five Most Significant bits
(MSbs) of the first address byte specify if this is a 10-bit
address. Bit R/W (SSPSTAT<2>) must specify a write
so the slave device will receive the second address
byte. For a 10-bit address, the first byte would equal
11110 A9 A8 0, where A9 and A8 are the two
MSbs of the address. The sequence of events for
10-bit address is as follows, with steps 7 through 9 for
the slave-transmitter:
1. Receive first (high) byte of address (bits SSPIF,
BF and bit UA (SSPSTAT<1>) are set).
2. Update the SSPADD register with second (low)
byte of address (clears bit UA and releases the
SCL line).
3. Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and
clear flag bit SSPIF.
4. Receive second (low) byte of address (bits
SSPIF, BF and UA are set).
5. Update the SSPADD register with the first (high)
byte of address. If match releases SCL line, this
will clear bit UA.
7. Receive Repeated Start condition.
8. Receive first (high) byte of address (bits SSPIF
and BF are set).
PIC16F7X7
10.4.3.2 Reception
When the R/W bit of the address byte is clear and an
address match occurs, the R/W bit of the SSPSTAT
register is cleared. The received address is loaded into
the SSPBUF register and the SDA line is held low
(ACK).
When the address byte overflow condition exists, then
the no Acknowledge (ACK) pulse is given. An overflow
condition is defined as either bit BF (SSPSTAT<0>) is
set or bit SSPOV (SSPCON<6>) is set.
An MSSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer
byte. Flag bit, SSPIF (PIR1<3>), must be cleared in
software. The SSPSTAT register is used to determine
the status of the byte.
If SEN is enabled (SSPCON<0> = 1), RC3/SCK/SCL
will be held low (clock stretch) following each data
transfer. The clock must be released by setting bit,
CKP (SSPCON<4>). See Section 10.4.4 Clock
Stretching for more detail.
10.4.3.3 Transmission
When the R/W bit of the incoming address byte is set
and an address match occurs, the R/W bit of the
SSPSTAT register is set. The received address is loaded
into the SSPBUF register. The ACK pulse will be sent on
the ninth bit and pin RC3/SCK/SCL is held low regard-
less of SEN (see Section 10.4.4 Clock Stretching
for more detail). By stretching the clock, the master will
be unable to assert another clock pulse until the slave is
done preparing the transmit data. The transmit data
must be loaded into the SSPBUF register, which also
loads the SSPSR register. Then pin RC3/SCK/SCL
should be enabled by setting bit CKP (SSPCON<4>).
The eight data bits are shifted out on the falling edge of
the SCL input. This ensures that the SDA signal is valid
during the SCL high time (Figure 10-9).
The ACK pulse from the master-receiver is latched on
the rising edge of the ninth SCL input pulse. If the SDA
line is high (not ACK), then the data transfer is com-
plete. In this case, when the ACK is latched by the
slave, the slave logic is reset (resets SSPSTAT regis-
ter) and the slave monitors for another occurrence of
the Start bit. If the SDA line was low (ACK), the next
transmit data must be loaded into the SSPBUF register.
Again, pin RC3/SCK/SCL must be enabled by setting
bit CKP.
An MSSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer
byte. The SSPIF bit must be cleared in software and
the SSPSTAT register is used to determine the status
of the byte. The SSPIF bit is set on the falling edge of
the ninth clock pulse.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 10-8: I
2
C SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS)
S
D
A
S
C
L
S
S
P
I
F

B
F

(
S
S
P
S
T
A
T
<
0
>
)
S
S
P
O
V

(
S
S
P
C
O
N
<
6
>
)
S
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
P
A
7
A
6
A
5
A
4
A
3
A
2
A
1
D
7
D
6
D
5
D
4
D
3
D
2
D
1
D
0
D
7
D
6
D
5
D
4
D
3
D
1
D
0
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e
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v
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r
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o

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)
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 10-9: I
2
C SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION, 7-BIT ADDRESS)
S
D
A
S
C
L
S
S
P
I
F

(
P
I
R
1
<
3
>
)
B
F

(
S
S
P
S
T
A
T
<
0
>
)
A
6
A
5
A
4
A
3
A
2
A
1
D
6
D
5
D
4
D
3
D
2
D
1
D
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
S
P
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PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 10-10: I
2
S
D
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F

(
S
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PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 10-11: I
2
C SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION, 10-BIT ADDRESS)
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PIC16F7X7
10.4.4 CLOCK STRETCHING
Both 7-bit and 10-bit Slave modes implement
automatic clock stretching during a transmit sequence.
The SEN bit (SSPCON2<0>) allows clock stretching to
be enabled during receives. Setting SEN will cause
the SCL pin to be held low at the end of each data
receive sequence.
10.4.4.1 Clock Stretching for 7-bit Slave
Receive Mode (SEN = 1)
In 7-bit Slave Receive mode, on the falling edge of the
ninth clock, at the end of the ACK sequence if the BF bit
is set, the CKP bit in the SSPCON register is automati-
cally cleared, forcing the SCL output to be held low. The
CKP being cleared to 0 will assert the SCL line low.
The CKP bit must be set in the users ISR before recep-
tion is allowed to continue. By holding the SCL line low,
the user has time to service the ISR and read the
contents of the SSPBUF before the master device can
initiate another receive sequence. This will prevent
buffer overruns from occurring (see Figure 10-13).
Receive Mode (SEN = 1)
In 10-bit Slave Receive mode during the address
sequence, clock stretching automatically takes place
but CKP is not cleared. During this time, if the UA bit is
set after the ninth clock, clock stretching is initiated.
The UA bit is set after receiving the upper byte of the
10-bit address and following the receive of the second
byte of the 10-bit address, with the R/W bit cleared to
0. The release of the clock line occurs upon updating
SSPADD. Clock stretching will occur on each data
receive sequence as described in 7-bit mode.
Transmit Mode
7-bit Slave Transmit mode implements clock stretching
by clearing the CKP bit after the falling edge of the
ninth clock, if the BF bit is clear. This occurs
regardless of the state of the SEN bit.
The users ISR must set the CKP bit before transmis-
sion is allowed to continue. By holding the SCL line
low, the user has time to service the ISR and load the
contents of the SSPBUF before the master device can
initiate another transmit sequence (see Figure 10-9).
Transmit Mode
In 10-bit Slave Transmit mode, clock stretching is con-
trolled during the first two address sequences by the
state of the UA bit, just as it is in 10-bit Slave Receive
mode. The first two addresses are followed by a third
address sequence, which contains the high order bits
of the 10-bit address and the R/W bit set to 1. After
the third address sequence is performed, the UA bit is
not set, the module is now configured in Transmit
mode and clock stretching is controlled by the BF flag
as in 7-bit Slave Transmit mode (see Figure 10-11).
Note 1: If the user reads the contents of the
SSPBUF before the falling edge of the
ninth clock, thus clearing the BF bit, the
CKP bit will not be cleared and clock
stretching will not occur.
2: The CKP bit can be set in software
regardless of the state of the BF bit. The
user should be careful to clear the BF bit
in the ISR before the next receive
sequence in order to prevent an overflow
condition.
Note: If the user polls the UA bit and clears it by
updating the SSPADD register before the
falling edge of the ninth clock occurs and if
the user hasnt cleared the BF bit by read-
ing the SSPBUF register before that time,
then the CKP bit will still NOT be asserted
low. Clock stretching on the basis of the
state of the BF bit only occurs during a
data sequence, not an address sequence.
Note 1: If the user loads the contents of SSPBUF,
setting the BF bit before the falling edge of
the ninth clock, the CKP bit will not be
cleared and clock stretching will not occur.
2: The CKP bit can be set in software
regardless of the state of the BF bit.
PIC16F7X7
10.4.4.5 Clock Synchronization
and the CKP Bit
When the CKP bit is cleared, the SCL output is forced
to 0; however, setting the CKP bit will not assert the
SCL output low until the SCL output is already sam-
pled low. Therefore, the CKP bit will not assert the
SCL line until an external I
2
C master device has
already asserted the SCL line. The SCL output will
remain low until the CKP bit is set and all other
devices on the I
2
C bus have deasserted SCL. This
ensures that a write to the CKP bit will not violate the
minimum high time requirement for SCL (see
Figure 10-12).
FIGURE 10-12: CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION TIMING
SDA
SCL
DX-1 DX
WR
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
SSPCON
CKP
Master device
deasserts clock
Master device
asserts clock
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 10-13: I
2
S
D
A
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PIC16F7X7
10.4.5 GENERAL CALL ADDRESS
SUPPORT
The addressing procedure for the I
2
C bus is such that
the first byte after the Start condition usually deter-
mines which device will be the slave addressed by the
master. The exception is the general call address,
which can address all devices. When this address is
used, all devices should, in theory, respond with an
Acknowledge.
The general call address is one of eight addresses
reserved for specific purposes by the I
2
C protocol. It
consists of all 0s with R/W = 0.
The general call address is recognized when the Gen-
eral Call Enable bit (GCEN) is enabled (SSPCON2<7>
set). Following a Start bit detect, 8 bits are shifted into
the SSPSR and the address is compared against the
SSPADD. It is also compared to the general call
address and fixed in hardware.
If the general call address matches, the SSPSR is
transferred to the SSPBUF, the BF flag bit is set (eighth
bit) and on the falling edge of the ninth bit (ACK bit), the
SSPIF interrupt flag bit is set.
When the interrupt is serviced, the source for the inter-
rupt can be checked by reading the contents of the
SSPBUF. The value can be used to determine if the
address was device specific or a general call address.
In 10-bit mode, the SSPADD is required to be updated
for the second half of the address to match and the UA
bit is set (SSPSTAT<1>). If the general call address is
sampled when the GCEN bit is set and while the slave
is configured in 10-bit Address mode, then the second
half of the address is not necessary, the UA bit will not
be set and the slave will begin receiving data after the
Acknowledge (Figure 10-15).
FIGURE 10-15: SLAVE MODE GENERAL CALL ADDRESS SEQUENCE
(7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESS MODE)
SDA
SCL
S
SSPIF
BF (SSPSTAT<0>)
SSPOV (SSPCON<6>)
Cleared in software
SSPBUF is read
R/W = 0
ACK
General Call Address
Address is compared to general call address
GCEN (SSPCON2<7>)
Receiving Data ACK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
after ACK, set interrupt
0
1
PIC16F7X7
10.4.6 MASTER MODE
Master mode is enabled by setting and clearing the
appropriate SSPM bits in SSPCON and by setting the
SSPEN bit. In Master mode, the SCL and SDA lines
are manipulated by the MSSP hardware.
Master mode of operation is supported by interrupt
generation on the detection of the Start and Stop con-
ditions. The Stop (P) and Start (S) bits are cleared from
a Reset or when the MSSP module is disabled. Control
of the I
2
C bus may be taken when the P bit is set or the
bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear.
In Firmware Controlled Master mode, user code
conducts all I
2
C bus operations based on Start and
Stop bit conditions.
Once Master mode is enabled, the user has six
options:
1. Assert a Start condition on SDA and SCL.
2. Assert a Repeated Start condition on SDA and
SCL.
3. Write to the SSPBUF register, initiating
transmission of data/address.
4. Configure the I
2
C port to receive data.
5. Generate an Acknowledge condition at the end
of a received byte of data.
6. Generate a Stop condition on SDA and SCL.
The following events will cause SSP Interrupt Flag bit,
SSPIF, to be set (SSP interrupt if enabled):
Start condition
Stop condition
Data transfer byte transmitted/received
Acknowledge Transmit
Repeated Start
FIGURE 10-16: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM (I
2
C MASTER MODE)
Note: The MSSP module, when configured in
I
2
C Master mode, does not allow queueing
of events. For instance, the user is not
allowed to initiate a Start condition and
immediately write the SSPBUF register to
initiate transmission before the Start condi-
tion is complete. In this case, the SSPBUF
will not be written to and the WCOL bit will
be set, indicating that a write to the
SSPBUF did not occur.
Read Write
SSPSR
Start bit, Stop bit,
Start bit Detect
SSPBUF
Internal
Data Bus
Set/Reset S, P, WCOL (SSPSTAT)
Shift
Clock
MSb LSb
SDA
Acknowledge
Generate
Stop bit Detect
Write Collision Detect
Clock Arbitration
State Counter for
end of XMIT/RCV
SCL
SCL In
Bus Collision
SDA In
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Rate
Generator
SSPM3:SSPM0
PIC16F7X7
10.4.6.1 I
2
C Master Mode Operation
The master device generates all of the serial clock
pulses and the Start and Stop conditions. A transfer is
ended with a Stop condition or with a Repeated Start
condition. Since the Repeated Start condition is also
the beginning of the next serial transfer, the I
2
C bus will
not be released.
In Master Transmitter mode, serial data is output
through SDA while SCL outputs the serial clock. The
first byte transmitted contains the slave address of the
receiving device (7 bits) and the Read/Write (R/W) bit.
In this case, the R/W bit will be logic 0. Serial data is
transmitted 8 bits at a time. After each byte is transmit-
ted, an Acknowledge bit is received. Start and Stop
conditions are output to indicate the beginning and the
end of a serial transfer.
In Master Receive mode, the first byte transmitted con-
tains the slave address of the transmitting device
(7 bits) and the R/W bit. In this case, the R/W bit will be
logic 1. Thus, the first byte transmitted is a 7-bit slave
address followed by a 1 to indicate a receive bit. Serial
data is received via SDA while SCL outputs the serial
clock. Serial data is received 8 bits at a time. After each
byte is received, an Acknowledge bit is transmitted.
Start and Stop conditions indicate the beginning and
end of transmission.
The baud rate generator used for the SPI mode opera-
tion is used to set the SCL clock frequency for either
100 kHz, 400 kHz or 1 MHz I
2
C operation. See
Section 10.4.7 Baud Rate Generator for more
detail.
A typical transmit sequence would go as follows:
1. The user generates a Start condition by setting
the Start enable bit, SEN (SSPCON2<0>).
2. SSPIF is set. The MSSP module will wait the
required Start time before any other operation
takes place.
3. The user loads the SSPBUF with the slave
address to transmit.
4. Address is shifted out the SDA pin until all 8 bits
are transmitted.
5. The MSSP module shifts in the ACK bit from the
slave device and writes its value into the
SSPCON2 register (SSPCON2<6>).
6. The MSSP module generates an interrupt at the
end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the SSPIF
bit.
7. The user loads the SSPBUF with eight bits of
data.
8. Data is shifted out the SDA pin until all 8 bits are
transmitted.
9. The MSSP module shifts in the ACK bit from the
slave device and writes its value into the
SSPCON2 register (SSPCON2<6>).
10. The MSSP module generates an interrupt at the
end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the SSPIF
bit.
11. The user generates a Stop condition by setting
the Stop enable bit, PEN (SSPCON2<2>).
12. Interrupt is generated once the Stop condition is
complete.
PIC16F7X7
10.4.7 BAUD RATE GENERATOR
In I
2
C Master mode, the Baud Rate Generator (BRG)
reload value is placed in the lower 7 bits of the
SSPADD register (Figure 10-17). When a write occurs
to SSPBUF, the Baud Rate Generator will automatically
begin counting. The BRG counts down to 0 and stops
until another reload has taken place. The BRG count is
decremented twice per instruction cycle (TCY) on the
Q2 and Q4 clocks. In I
2
C Master mode, the BRG is
reloaded automatically.
Once the given operation is complete (i.e., transmis-
sion of the last data bit is followed by ACK), the internal
clock will automatically stop counting and the SCL pin
will remain in its last state.
Table 10-3 demonstrates clock rates based on
instruction cycles and the BRG value loaded into
SSPADD.
FIGURE 10-17: BAUD RATE GENERATOR BLOCK DIAGRAM
TABLE 10-3: I
2
C CLOCK RATE w/BRG
FCY FCY*2 BRG VALUE
FSCL
(2 Rollovers of BRG)
10 MHz 20 MHz 19h 400 kHz
(1)
10 MHz 20 MHz 20h 312.5 kHz
10 MHz 20 MHz 3Fh 100 kHz
4 MHz 8 MHz 0Ah 400 kHz
(1)
4 MHz 8 MHz 0Dh 308 kHz
(1)
1 MHz 2 MHz 0Ah 100 kHz
1 MHz 2 MHz 00h 1 MHz
(1)
Note 1: The I
2
C interface does not conform to the 400 kHz I
2
C specification (which applies to rates greater than
100 kHz) in all details, but may be used with care where higher rates are required by the application.
SSPM3:SSPM0
BRG Down Counter CLKO
FOSC/4
SSPADD<6:0>
SSPM3:SSPM0
SCL
Reload
Control
Reload
PIC16F7X7
10.4.7.1 Clock Arbitration
Clock arbitration occurs when the master, during any
receive, transmit or Repeated Start/Stop condition,
deasserts the SCL pin (SCL allowed to float high).
When the SCL pin is allowed to float high, the Baud
Rate Generator (BRG) is suspended from counting
until the SCL pin is actually sampled high. When the
SCL pin is sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is
reloaded with the contents of SSPADD<6:0> and
begins counting. This ensures that the SCL high time
will always be at least one BRG rollover count in the
event that the clock is held low by an external device
(Figure 10-18).
FIGURE 10-18: BAUD RATE GENERATOR TIMING WITH CLOCK ARBITRATION
SDA
SCL
SCL deasserted but slave holds
DX-1 DX
BRG
SCL is sampled high, reload takes
place and BRG starts its count
03h 02h 01h 00h (hold off) 03h 02h
Reload
BRG
Value
SCL low (clock arbitration)
SCL allowed to transition high
BRG decrements on
Q2 and Q4 cycles
PIC16F7X7
10.4.8 I
2
C MASTER MODE START
CONDITION TIMING
To initiate a Start condition, the user sets the Start Con-
dition Enable bit, SEN (SSPCON2<0>). If the SDA and
SCL pins are sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator
is reloaded with the contents of SSPADD<6:0> and
starts its count. If SCL and SDA are both sampled high
when the Baud Rate Generator times out (TBRG), the
SDA pin is driven low. The action of the SDA being
driven low while SCL is high is the Start condition and
causes the S bit (SSPSTAT<3>) to be set. Following
this, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded with the con-
tents of SSPADD<6:0> and resumes its count. When
the Baud Rate Generator times out (TBRG), the SEN bit
(SSPCON2<0>) will be automatically cleared by hard-
ware, the Baud Rate Generator is suspended, leaving
the SDA line held low and the Start condition is
complete.
10.4.8.1 WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes the SSPBUF when a Start sequence
is in progress, the WCOL is set and the contents of the
buffer are unchanged (the write doesnt occur).
FIGURE 10-19: FIRST START BIT TIMING
Note: If at the beginning of the Start condition,
the SDA and SCL pins are already sam-
pled low, or if during the Start condition, the
SCL line is sampled low before the SDA
line is driven low, a bus collision occurs,
the Bus Collision Interrupt Flag, BCLIF, is
set, the Start condition is aborted and the
I
2
C module is reset into its Idle state.
Note: Because queueing of events is not
allowed, writing to the lower 5 bits of
SSPCON2 is disabled until the Start
condition is complete.
SDA
SCL
S
TBRG
1st bit 2nd bit
TBRG
SDA = 1,
At completion of Start bit,
SCL = 1
Write to SSPBUF occurs here
TBRG
hardware clears SEN bit
TBRG
Write to SEN bit occurs here
Set S bit (SSPSTAT<3>)
and sets SSPIF bit
PIC16F7X7
10.4.9 I
2
C MASTER MODE REPEATED
START CONDITION TIMING
A Repeated Start condition occurs when the RSEN bit
(SSPCON2<1>) is programmed high and the I
2
C logic
module is in the Idle state. When the RSEN bit is set,
the SCL pin is asserted low. When the SCL pin is sam-
pled low, the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with the
contents of SSPADD<5:0> and begins counting. The
SDA pin is released (brought high) for one Baud Rate
Generator count (TBRG). When the Baud Rate Genera-
tor times out, if SDA is sampled high, the SCL pin will
be deasserted (brought high). When SCL is sampled
high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded with the
contents of SSPADD<6:0> and begins counting. SDA
and SCL must be sampled high for one TBRG. This
action is then followed by assertion of the SDA pin
(SDA = 0) for one TBRG while SCL is high. Following
this, the RSEN bit (SSPCON2<1>) will be automatically
cleared and the Baud Rate Generator will not be
reloaded, leaving the SDA pin held low. As soon as a
Start condition is detected on the SDA and SCL pins,
the S bit (SSPSTAT<3>) will be set. The SSPIF bit will
not be set until the Baud Rate Generator has timed out.
Immediately following the SSPIF bit getting set, the
user may write the SSPBUF with the 7-bit address in
7-bit mode or the default first address in 10-bit mode.
After the first eight bits are transmitted and an ACK is
received, the user may then transmit an additional eight
bits of address (10-bit mode) or eight bits of data (7-bit
mode).
If the user writes the SSPBUF when a Repeated Start
sequence is in progress, the WCOL is set and the con-
tents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesnt
occur).
FIGURE 10-20: REPEAT START CONDITION WAVEFORM
Note 1: If RSEN is programmed while any other
event is in progress, it will not take effect.
2: A bus collision during the Repeated Start
condition occurs if:
SDA is sampled low when SCL goes
from low-to-high.
SCL goes low before SDA is
asserted low. This may indicate that
another master is attempting to
transmit a data 1.
Note: Because queueing of events is not
allowed, writing of the lower 5 bits of
SSPCON2 is disabled until the Repeated
Start condition is complete.
SDA
SCL
Sr = Repeated Start
Write to SSPCON2
Write to SSPBUF occurs here
Falling edge of ninth clock.
End of Xmit.
At completion of Start bit,
hardware clears RSEN bit
1st bit
Set S (SSPSTAT<3>)
TBRG
TBRG
SDA = 1,
SDA = 1,
SCL (no change).
SCL = 1
occurs here.
TBRG TBRG TBRG
and sets SSPIF
PIC16F7X7
10.4.10 I
2
C MASTER MODE
TRANSMISSION
Transmission of a data byte, a 7-bit address or the
other half of a 10-bit address, is accomplished by sim-
ply writing a value to the SSPBUF register. This action
will set the Buffer Full flag bit, BF, and allow the Baud
Rate Generator to begin counting and start the next
transmission. Each bit of address/data will be shifted
out onto the SDA pin after the falling edge of SCL is
asserted (see data hold time specification parameter
#106). SCL is held low for one Baud Rate Generator
rollover count (TBRG). Data should be valid before SCL
is released high (see data setup time specification
parameter #107). When the SCL pin is released high, it
is held that way for TBRG. The data on the SDA pin
must remain stable for that duration and some hold
time after the next falling edge of SCL. After the eighth
bit is shifted out (the falling edge of the eighth clock),
the BF flag is cleared and the master releases SDA.
This allows the slave device being addressed to
respond with an ACK bit during the ninth bit time, if an
address match occurred or if data was received prop-
erly. The status of ACK is written into the ACKDT bit on
the falling edge of the ninth clock. If the master receives
an Acknowledge, the Acknowledge Status bit,
ACKSTAT, is cleared. If not, the bit is set. After the ninth
clock, the SSPIF bit is set and the master clock (Baud
Rate Generator) is suspended until the next data byte
is loaded into the SSPBUF, leaving SCL low and SDA
unchanged (Figure 10-21).
After the write to the SSPBUF, each bit of address will
be shifted out on the falling edge of SCL until all seven
address bits and the R/W bit are completed. On the fall-
ing edge of the eighth clock, the master will deassert
the SDA pin, allowing the slave to respond with an
Acknowledge. On the falling edge of the ninth clock, the
master will sample the SDA pin to see if the address
was recognized by a slave. The status of the ACK bit is
loaded into the ACKSTAT status bit (SSPCON2<6>).
Following the falling edge of the ninth clock transmis-
sion of the address, the SSPIF is set, The BF flag Is
cleared and the Baud Rate Generator is turned off until
another write to the SSPBUF takes place, holding SCL
low and allowing SDA to float.
10.4.10.1 BF Status Flag
In Transmit mode, the BF bit (SSPSTAT<0>) is set
when the CPU writes to SSPBUF and is cleared when
all 8 bits are shifted out.
If the user writes the SSPBUF when a transmit is
already in progress (i.e., SSPSR is still shifting out a
data byte), the WCOL is set and the contents of the
buffer are unchanged (the write doesnt occur).
WCOL must be cleared in software.
10.4.10.3 ACKSTAT Status Flag
In Transmit mode, the ACKSTAT bit (SSPCON2<6>) is
cleared when the slave has sent an Acknowledge
(ACK = 0) and is set when the slave does not Acknowl-
edge (ACK = 1). A slave sends an Acknowledge when
it has recognized its address (including a general call)
or when the slave has properly received its data.
10.4.11 I
2
C MASTER MODE RECEPTION
Master mode reception is enabled by programming the
Receive Enable bit, RCEN (SSPCON2<3>).
The Baud Rate Generator begins counting and on each
rollover, the state of the SCL pin changes (high-to-low/
low-to-high) and data is shifted into the SSPSR. After
the falling edge of the eighth clock, the receive enable
flag is automatically cleared, the contents of the
SSPSR are loaded into the SSPBUF, the BF flag bit is
set, the SSPIF flag bit is set and the Baud Rate Gener-
ator is suspended from counting, holding SCL low. The
MSSP is now in Idle state, awaiting the next command.
When the buffer is read by the CPU, the BF flag bit is
automatically cleared. The user can then send an
Acknowledge bit at the end of reception by setting the
Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit, ACKEN
(SSPCON2<4>).
10.4.11.1 BF Status Flag
In receive operation, the BF bit is set when an address
or data byte is loaded into SSPBUF from SSPSR. It is
cleared when the SSPBUF register is read.
10.4.11.2 SSPOV Status Flag
In receive operation, the SSPOV bit is set when 8 bits
are received into the SSPSR and the BF flag bit is
already set from a previous reception.
If the user writes the SSPBUF when a receive is
already in progress (i.e., SSPSR is still shifting in a data
byte), the WCOL bit is set and the contents of the buffer
are unchanged (the write doesnt occur).
Note: The MSSP module must be in an Idle state
before the RCEN bit is set or the RCEN bit
will be disregarded.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 10-21: I
2
C MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (TRANSMISSION, 7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESS)
S
D
A
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PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 10-22: I
2
C MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS)
P
9
8
7
6
5
D
0
D
1
D
2
D
3
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4
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6
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PIC16F7X7
10.4.12 ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE
TIMING
An Acknowledge sequence is enabled by setting the
Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit, ACKEN
(SSPCON2<4>). When this bit is set, the SCL pin is
pulled low and the contents of the Acknowledge data bit
are presented on the SDA pin. If the user wishes to gen-
erate an Acknowledge, then the ACKDT bit should be
cleared. If not, the user should set the ACKDT bit before
starting an Acknowledge sequence. The Baud Rate
Generator then counts for one rollover period (TBRG)
and the SCL pin is deasserted (pulled high). When the
SCL pin is sampled high (clock arbitration), the Baud
Rate Generator counts for TBRG. The SCL pin is then
pulled low. Following this, the ACKEN bit is automatically
cleared, the Baud Rate Generator is turned off and the
MSSP module then goes into Idle mode (Figure 10-23).
If the user writes the SSPBUF when an Acknowledge
sequence is in progress, then WCOL is set and the
contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesnt
occur).
10.4.13 STOP CONDITION TIMING
A Stop bit is asserted on the SDA pin at the end of a
receive/transmit by setting the Stop Sequence Enable
bit, PEN (SSPCON2<2>). At the end of a receive/
transmit, the SCL line is held low after the falling edge
of the ninth clock. When the PEN bit is set, the master
will assert the SDA line low. When the SDA line is sam-
pled low, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded and
counts down to 0. When the Baud Rate Generator
times out, the SCL pin will be brought high and one
TBRG (Baud Rate Generator rollover count) later, the
SDA pin will be deasserted. When the SDA pin is sam-
pled high while SCL is high, the P bit (SSPSTAT<4>) is
set. A TBRG later, the PEN bit is cleared and the SSPIF
bit is set (Figure 10-24).
If the user writes the SSPBUF when a Stop sequence
is in progress, then the WCOL bit is set and the
contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesnt
occur).
FIGURE 10-23: ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE WAVEFORM
FIGURE 10-24: STOP CONDITION RECEIVE OR TRANSMIT MODE
Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period.
SDA
SCL
Set SSPIF at the end
Acknowledge sequence starts here,
write to SSPCON2
ACKEN automatically cleared
Cleared in
TBRG TBRG
of receive
ACK
8
ACKEN = 1, ACKDT = 0
D0
9
SSPIF
software
Set SSPIF at the end
of Acknowledge sequence
Cleared in
software
SCL
SDA
SDA asserted low before rising edge of clock to setup Stop condition
Write to SSPCON2,
set PEN
Falling edge of
SCL = 1 for TBRG, followed by SDA = 1 for TBRG
9th clock
SCL brought high after TBRG
Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period.
TBRG TBRG
after SDA sampled high. P bit (SSPSTAT<4>) is set.
TBRG
ACK
P
TBRG
PEN bit (SSPCON2<2>) is cleared by
hardware and the SSPIF bit is set
PIC16F7X7
10.4.14 SLEEP OPERATION
While in Sleep mode, the I
2
C module can receive
addresses or data and when an address match or
complete byte transfer occurs, wake the processor
from Sleep (if the MSSP interrupt is enabled).
10.4.15 EFFECT OF A RESET
A Reset disables the MSSP module and terminates the
current transfer.
10.4.16 MULTI-MASTER MODE
In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the
detection of the Start and Stop conditions allows the
determination of when the bus is free. The Stop (P) and
Start (S) bits are cleared from a Reset or when the
MSSP module is disabled. Control of the I
2
C bus may
be taken when the P bit (SSPSTAT<4>) is set or the
bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear. When the
bus is busy, enabling the SSP interrupt will generate
the interrupt when the Stop condition occurs.
In multi-master operation, the SDA line must be moni-
tored for arbitration to see if the signal level is at the
expected output level. This check is performed in
hardware with the result placed in the BCLIF bit.
The states where arbitration can be lost are:
Address Transfer
Data Transfer
A Start Condition
A Repeated Start Condition
An Acknowledge Condition
10.4.17 MULTI-MASTER COMMUNICATION,
BUS COLLISION AND BUS
ARBITRATION
Multi-Master mode support is achieved by bus arbitra-
tion. When the master outputs address/data bits onto
the SDA pin, arbitration takes place when the master
outputs a 1 on SDA by letting SDA float high and
another master asserts a 0. When the SCL pin floats
high, data should be stable. If the expected data on
SDA is a 1 and the data sampled on the SDA pin = 0,
then a bus collision has taken place. The master will set
the Bus Collision Interrupt Flag, BCLIF, and reset the
I
2
C port to its Idle state (Figure 10-25).
If a transmit was in progress when the bus collision
occurred, the transmission is halted, the BF flag is
cleared, the SDA and SCL lines are deasserted and the
SSPBUF can be written to. When the user services the
bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and if the I
2
C
bus is free, the user can resume communication by
asserting a Start condition.
If a Start, Repeated Start, Stop or Acknowledge condi-
tion was in progress when the bus collision occurred,
the condition is aborted, the SDA and SCL lines are
deasserted and the respective control bits in the
SSPCON2 register are cleared. When the user
services the bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and
if the I
2
C bus is free, the user can resume
communication by asserting a Start condition.
The master will continue to monitor the SDA and SCL
pins. If a Stop condition occurs, the SSPIF bit will be set.
A write to the SSPBUF will start the transmission of
data at the first data bit, regardless of where the
transmitter left off when the bus collision occurred.
In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the
detection of Start and Stop conditions allows the determi-
nation of when the bus is free. Control of the I
2
C bus can
be taken when the P bit is set in the SSPSTAT register or
the bus is Idle and the S and P bits are cleared.
FIGURE 10-25: BUS COLLISION TIMING FOR TRANSMIT AND ACKNOWLEDGE
SDA
SCL
BCLIF
SDA released
SDA line pulled low
by another source
Sample SDA. While SCL is high,
data doesnt match what is driven
Set bus collision
interrupt (BCLIF)
by the master. Bus collision has occurred.
by master
Data changes
while SCL = 0
PIC16F7X7
10.4.17.1 Bus Collision During a Start
Condition
During a Start condition, a bus collision occurs if:
a) SDA or SCL are sampled low at the beginning of
the Start condition (Figure 10-26).
b) SCL is sampled low before SDA is asserted low
(Figure 10-27).
During a Start condition, both the SDA and the SCL
pins are monitored.
If the SDA pin is already low, or the SCL pin is already
low, then all of the following occur:
the Start condition is aborted,
the BCLIF flag is set and
the MSSP module is reset to its Idle state
(Figure 10-26).
The Start condition begins with the SDA and SCL pins
deasserted. When the SDA pin is sampled high, the
Baud Rate Generator is loaded from SSPADD<6:0>
and counts down to 0. If the SCL pin is sampled low
while SDA is high, a bus collision occurs because it is
assumed that another master is attempting to drive a
data 1 during the Start condition.
If the SDA pin is sampled low during this count, the
BRG is reset and the SDA line is asserted early
(Figure 10-28). If, however, a 1 is sampled on the SDA
pin, the SDA pin is asserted low at the end of the BRG
count. The Baud Rate Generator is then reloaded and
counts down to 0 and during this time, if the SCL pin is
sampled as 0, a bus collision does not occur. At the
end of the BRG count, the SCL pin is asserted low.
FIGURE 10-26: BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SDA ONLY)
Note: The reason that bus collision is not a factor
during a Start condition is that no two bus
masters can assert a Start condition at the
exact same time. Therefore, one master
will always assert SDA before the other.
This condition does not cause a bus colli-
sion because the two masters must be
allowed to arbitrate the first address fol-
lowing the Start condition. If the address is
the same, arbitration must be allowed to
continue into the data portion, Repeated
Start or Stop conditions.
SDA
SCL
SEN
SDA sampled low before
SDA goes low before the SEN bit is set.
S bit and SSPIF set because
SSP module resets into Idle state.
SEN cleared automatically because of bus collision.
S bit and SSPIF set because
Set SEN, enable Start
condition if SDA = 1, SCL = 1
SDA = 0, SCL = 1.
BCLIF
S
SSPIF
SDA = 0, SCL = 1.
SSPIF and BCLIF are
cleared in software
SSPIF and BCLIF are
cleared in software
Set BCLIF,
Start condition. Set BCLIF.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 10-27: BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SCL = 0)
FIGURE 10-28: BRG RESET DUE TO SDA ARBITRATION DURING START CONDITION
SDA
SCL
SEN
bus collision occurs. Set BCLIF.
SCL = 0 before SDA = 0,
sequence if SDA = 1, SCL = 1
TBRG TBRG
SDA = 0, SCL = 1
BCLIF
S
SSPIF
Interrupt cleared
in software
bus collision occurs. Set BCLIF.
SCL = 0 before BRG time-out,
0 0
0 0
SDA
SCL
SEN
Set S
Less than TBRG
TBRG
SDA = 0, SCL = 1
BCLIF
S
SSPIF
S
Interrupts cleared
in software set SSPIF
SDA = 0, SCL = 1,
SDA pulled low by other master.
Reset BRG and assert SDA.
SCL pulled low after BRG
time-out
Set SSPIF
0
sequence if SDA = 1, SCL = 1
PIC16F7X7
10.4.17.2 Bus Collision During a Repeated
Start Condition
During a Repeated Start condition, a bus collision
occurs if:
a) A low level is sampled on SDA when SCL goes
from low level to high level.
b) SCL goes low before SDA is asserted low,
indicating that another master is attempting to
transmit a data 1.
When the user deasserts SDA and the pin is allowed to
float high, the BRG is loaded with SSPADD<6:0> and
counts down to 0. The SCL pin is then deasserted and
when sampled high, the SDA pin is sampled.
If SDA is low, a bus collision has occurred (i.e., another
master is attempting to transmit a data 0, see
Figure 10-29). If SDA is sampled high, the BRG is
reloaded and begins counting. If SDA goes from high-
to-low before the BRG times out, no bus collision
occurs because no two masters can assert SDA at
exactly the same time.
If SCL goes from high-to-low before the BRG times out
and SDA has not already been asserted, a bus collision
occurs. In this case, another master is attempting to
transmit a data 1 during the Repeated Start condition
(Figure 10-30).
If at the end of the BRG time-out, both SCL and SDA are
still high, the SDA pin is driven low and the BRG is
reloaded and begins counting. At the end of the count,
regardless of the status of the SCL pin, the SCL pin is
driven low and the Repeated Start condition is complete.
FIGURE 10-29: BUS COLLISION DURING A REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 1)
FIGURE 10-30: BUS COLLISION DURING A REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 2)
SDA
SCL
RSEN
BCLIF
S
SSPIF
Sample SDA when SCL goes high.
If SDA = 0, set BCLIF and release SDA and SCL.
Cleared in software
0
0
S
SDA
SCL
BCLIF
RSEN
S
SSPIF
Interrupt cleared
in software
SCL goes low before SDA,
set BCLIF. Release SDA and SCL.
TBRG TBRG
0
PIC16F7X7
10.4.17.3 Bus Collision During a Stop
Condition
Bus collision occurs during a Stop condition if:
a) After the SDA pin has been deasserted and
allowed to float high, SDA is sampled low after
the BRG has timed out.
b) After the SCL pin is deasserted, SCL is sampled
low before SDA goes high.
The Stop condition begins with SDA asserted low.
When SDA is sampled low, the SCL pin is allowed to
float. When the pin is sampled high (clock arbitration),
the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with SSPADD<6:0>
and counts down to 0. After the BRG times out, SDA is
sampled. If SDA is sampled low, a bus collision has
occurred. This is due to another master attempting to
drive a data 0 (Figure 10-31). If the SCL pin is
sampled low before SDA is allowed to float high, a bus
collision occurs. This is another case of another master
attempting to drive a data 0 (Figure 10-32).
FIGURE 10-31: BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 1)
FIGURE 10-32: BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 2)
SDA
SCL
BCLIF
PEN
P
SSPIF
TBRG TBRG TBRG
SDA asserted low
SDA sampled
low after TBRG,
set BCLIF
0
0
SDA
SCL
BCLIF
PEN
P
SSPIF
TBRG TBRG TBRG
Assert SDA
SCL goes low before SDA goes high,
set BCLIF
0
0
PIC16F7X7
NOTES:
PIC16F7X7
11.0 ADDRESSABLE UNIVERSAL
SYNCHRONOUS
ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER
TRANSMITTER (USART)
The Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter (USART) module is one of the two serial
I/O modules. (USART is also known as a Serial
Communications Interface or SCI.) The USART can be
configured as a full-duplex asynchronous system that
can communicate with peripheral devices, such as
CRT terminals and personal computers, or it can be
configured as a half-duplex synchronous system that
can communicate with peripheral devices, such as A/D
or D/A integrated circuits, serial EEPROMs, etc.
The USART can be configured in the following modes:
Asynchronous (full-duplex)
Synchronous Master (half-duplex)
Synchronous Slave (half-duplex)
Bit SPEN (RCSTA<7>) and bits TRISC<7:6> have
to be set in order to configure pins RC6/TX/CK and
RC7/RX/DT as the Universal Synchronous
Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter.
The USART module also has a multi-processor
communication capability using 9-bit address detection.
REGISTER 11-1: TXSTA: TRANSMIT STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 98h)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R-1 R/W-0
CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC BRGH TRMT TX9D
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 CSRC: Clock Source Select bit
Asynchronous mode:
Dont care.
Synchronous mode:
1 = Master mode (clock generated internally from BRG)
0 = Slave mode (clock from external source)
bit 6 TX9: 9-bit Transmit Enable bit
1 = Selects 9-bit transmission
0 = Selects 8-bit transmission
bit 5 TXEN: Transmit Enable bit
1 = Transmit enabled
0 = Transmit disabled
Note: SREN/CREN overrides TXEN in Sync mode.
bit 4 SYNC: USART Mode Select bit
1 = Synchronous mode
0 = Asynchronous mode
bit 2 BRGH: High Baud Rate Select bit
Asynchronous mode:
1 = High speed
0 = Low speed
Synchronous mode:
bit 1 TRMT: Transmit Shift Register Status bit
1 = TSR empty
0 = TSR full
bit 0 TX9D: 9th bit of Transmit Data, can be Parity bit
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 11-2: RCSTA: RECEIVE STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 18h)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-x
SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 SPEN: Serial Port Enable bit
1 = Serial port enabled (configures RC7/RX/DT and RC6/TX/CK pins as serial port pins)
0 = Serial port disabled
bit 6 RX9: 9-bit Receive Enable bit
1 = Selects 9-bit reception
0 = Selects 8-bit reception
bit 5 SREN: Single Receive Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
Dont care.
Synchronous mode Master:
1 = Enables single receive
0 = Disables single receive
This bit is cleared after reception is complete.
Synchronous mode Slave:
Dont care.
bit 4 CREN: Continuous Receive Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
1 = Enables continuous receive
0 = Disables continuous receive
Synchronous mode:
1 = Enables continuous receive until enable bit CREN is cleared (CREN overrides SREN)
0 = Disables continuous receive
bit 3 ADDEN: Address Detect Enable bit
Asynchronous mode 9-bit (RX9 = 1):
1 = Enables address detection, enables interrupt and load of the receive buffer when
RSR<8> is set
0 = Disables address detection, all bytes are received and ninth bit can be used as parity bit
bit 2 FERR: Framing Error bit
1 = Framing error (can be updated by reading RCREG register and receiving next valid byte)
0 = No framing error
bit 1 OERR: Overrun Error bit
1 = Overrun error (can be cleared by clearing bit CREN)
0 = No overrun error
bit 0 RX9D: 9th bit of Received Data (can be parity bit, but must be calculated by user firmware)
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
11.1 USART Baud Rate Generator
(BRG)
The BRG supports both the Asynchronous and Syn-
chronous modes of the USART. It is a dedicated 8-bit
Baud Rate Generator. The SPBRG register controls
the period of a free-running 8-bit timer. In Asynchro-
nous mode, bit BRGH (TXSTA<2>) also controls the
baud rate. In Synchronous mode, bit BRGH is ignored.
Table 11-1 shows the formula for computation of the
baud rate for different USART modes, which only apply
in Master mode (internal clock).
Given the desired baud rate and FOSC, the nearest
integer value for the SPBRG register can be calculated
using the formula in Table 11-1. From this, the error in
baud rate can be determined.
It may be advantageous to use the high baud rate
(BRGH = 1), even for slower baud clocks. This is
because the FOSC/(16(X + 1)) equation can reduce the
baud rate error in some cases.
Writing a new value to the SPBRG register causes the
BRG timer to be reset (or cleared). This ensures the
BRG does not wait for a timer overflow before
outputting the new baud rate.
11.1.1 SAMPLING
The data on the RC7/RX/DT pin is sampled three times
by a majority detect circuit to determine if a high or a
low level is present at the RX pin.
TABLE 11-1: BAUD RATE FORMULA
TABLE 11-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH BAUD RATE GENERATOR
SYNC BRGH = 0 (Low Speed) BRGH = 1 (High Speed)
0
1
(Asynchronous) Baud Rate = FOSC/(64(X + 1))
(Synchronous) Baud Rate = FOSC/(4(X + 1))
Baud Rate = FOSC/(16(X + 1))
N/A
X = value in SPBRG (0 to 255)
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
98h TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 0000 -010
18h RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 000x 0000 000x
99h SPBRG Baud Rate Generator Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by the BRG.
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 11-3: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODE (BRGH = 0)
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 20 MHz FOSC = 16 MHz FOSC = 10 MHz
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
0.3 - - - - - - - - -
1.2 1.221 1.75 255 1.202 0.17 207 1.202 0.17 129
2.4 2.404 0.17 129 2.404 0.17 103 2.404 0.17 64
9.6 9.766 1.73 31 9.615 0.16 25 9.766 1.73 15
19.2 19.531 1.72 15 19.231 0.16 12 19.531 1.72 7
28.8 31.250 8.51 9 27.778 3.55 8 31.250 8.51 4
33.6 34.722 3.34 8 35.714 6.29 6 31.250 6.99 4
57.6 62.500 8.51 4 62.500 8.51 3 52.083 9.58 2
HIGH 1.221 - 255 0.977 - 255 0.610 - 255
LOW 312.500 - 0 250.000 - 0 156.250 - 0
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 4 MHz FOSC = 3.6864 MHz
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
0.3 0.300 0 207 0.3 0 191
1.2 1.202 0.17 51 1.2 0 47
2.4 2.404 0.17 25 2.4 0 23
9.6 8.929 6.99 6 9.6 0 5
19.2 20.833 8.51 2 19.2 0 2
28.8 31.250 8.51 1 28.8 0 1
33.6 - - - - - -
57.6 62.500 8.51 0 57.6 0 0
HIGH 0.244 - 255 0.225 - 255
LOW 62.500 - 0 57.6 - 0
TABLE 11-4: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODE (BRGH = 1)
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 20 MHz FOSC = 16 MHz FOSC = 10 MHz
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
0.3 - - - - - - - - -
1.2 - - - - - - - - -
2.4 - - - - - - 2.441 1.71 255
9.6 9.615 0.16 129 9.615 0.16 103 9.615 0.16 64
19.2 19.231 0.16 64 19.231 0.16 51 19.531 1.72 31
28.8 29.070 0.94 42 29.412 2.13 33 28.409 1.36 21
33.6 33.784 0.55 36 33.333 0.79 29 32.895 2.10 18
57.6 59.524 3.34 20 58.824 2.13 16 56.818 1.36 10
HIGH 4.883 - 255 3.906 - 255 2.441 - 255
LOW 1250.000 - 0 1000.000 0 625.000 - 0
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 4 MHz FOSC = 3.6864 MHz
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
0.3 - - - - - -
1.2 1.202 0.17 207 1.2 0 191
2.4 2.404 0.17 103 2.4 0 95
9.6 9.615 0.16 25 9.6 0 23
19.2 19.231 0.16 12 19.2 0 11
28.8 27.798 3.55 8 28.8 0 7
33.6 35.714 6.29 6 32.9 2.04 6
57.6 62.500 8.51 3 57.6 0 3
HIGH 0.977 - 255 0.9 - 255
LOW 250.000 - 0 230.4 - 0
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 11-5: INTRC BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODE (BRGH = 0)
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 8 MHz FOSC = 4 MHz FOSC = 2 MHz FOSC = 1 MHz
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
0.3 NA 0.300 0 207 0.300 0 103 0.300 0 51
1.2 1.202 +0.16 103 1.202 +0.16 51 1.202 +0.16 25 1.202 +0.16 12
2.4 2.404 +0.16 51 2.404 +0.16 25 2.404 +0.16 12 2.232 -6.99 6
9.6 9.615 +0.16 12 8.929 -6.99 6 10.417 +8.51 2 NA
19.2 17.857 -6.99 6 20.833 +8.51 2 NA NA
28.8 31.250 +8.51 3 31.250 +8.51 1 31.250 +8.51 0 NA
38.4 41.667 +8.51 2 NA NA NA
57.6 62.500 +8.51 1 62.500 8.51 0 NA NA
TABLE 11-6: INTRC BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODE (BRGH = 1)
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 8 MHz FOSC = 4 MHz FOSC = 2 MHz FOSC = 1 MHz
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
KBAUD
%
ERROR
SPBRG
value
(decimal)
0.3 NA NA NA 0.300 0 207
1.2 NA 1.202 +0.16 207 1.202 +0.16 103 1.202 +0.16 51
2.4 2.404 +0.16 207 2.404 +0.16 103 2.404 +0.16 51 2.404 +0.16 25
9.6 9.615 +0.16 51 9.615 +0.16 25 9.615 +0.16 12 8.929 -6.99 6
19.2 19.231 +0.16 25 19.231 +0.16 12 17.857 -6.99 6 20.833 +8.51 2
28.8 29.412 +2.12 16 27.778 -3.55 8 31.250 +8.51 3 31.250 +8.51 1
38.4 38.462 +0.16 12 35.714 -6.99 6 41.667 +8.51 2 NA
57.6 55.556 -3.55 8 62.500 +8.51 3 62.500 +8.51 1 62.500 +8.51 0
PIC16F7X7
11.2 USART Asynchronous Mode
In this mode, the USART uses standard Non-Return-
to-Zero (NRZ) format (one Start bit, eight or nine data
bits and one Stop bit). The most common data format
is 8-bits. An on-chip, dedicated, 8-bit Baud Rate Gen-
erator can be used to derive standard baud rate fre-
quencies from the oscillator. The USART transmits and
receives the LSb first. The transmitter and receiver are
functionally independent but use the same data format
and baud rate. The Baud Rate Generator produces a
clock, either x16 or x64 of the bit shift rate, depending
on bit BRGH (TXSTA<2>). Parity is not supported by
the hardware but can be implemented in software (and
stored as the ninth data bit). Asynchronous mode is
stopped during Sleep.
Asynchronous mode is selected by clearing bit, SYNC
(TXSTA<4>).
The USART asynchronous module consists of the
following important elements:
Baud Rate Generator
Sampling Circuit
Asynchronous Transmitter
Asynchronous Receiver
11.2.1 USART ASYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMITTER
The USART transmitter block diagram is shown in
Figure 11-1. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit
(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The Shift register obtains
its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer register,
TXREG. The TXREG register is loaded with data in
software. The TSR register is not loaded until the Stop
bit has been transmitted from the previous load. As
soon as the Stop bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded
with new data from the TXREG register (if available).
Once the TXREG register transfers the data to the TSR
register (occurs in one TCY), the TXREG register is
empty and flag bit, TXIF (PIR1<4>), is set. This inter-
rupt can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing
enable bit, TXIE (PIE1<4>). Flag bit TXIF will be set
regardless of the state of enable bit TXIE and cannot be
cleared in software. It will reset only when new data is
loaded into the TXREG register. While flag bit TXIF
indicates the status of the TXREG register, another bit,
TRMT (TXSTA<1>), shows the status of the TSR reg-
ister. Status bit TRMT is a read-only bit which is set
when the TSR register is empty. No interrupt logic is
tied to this bit, so the user has to poll this bit in order to
determine if the TSR register is empty.
Transmission is enabled by setting enable bit, TXEN
(TXSTA<5>). The actual transmission will not occur
until the TXREG register has been loaded with data
and the Baud Rate Generator (BRG) has produced a
shift clock (Figure 11-2). The transmission can also be
started by first loading the TXREG register and then
setting enable bit TXEN. Normally, when transmission
is first started, the TSR register is empty. At that point,
transfer to the TXREG register will result in an immedi-
ate transfer to TSR, resulting in an empty TXREG. A
back-to-back transfer is thus possible (Figure 11-3).
Clearing enable bit TXEN during a transmission will
cause the transmission to be aborted and will reset the
transmitter. As a result, the RC6/TX/CK pin will revert
to high-impedance.
In order to select 9-bit transmission, transmit bit TX9
(TXSTA<6>) should be set and the ninth bit should be
written to TX9D (TXSTA<0>). The ninth bit must be
written before writing the 8-bit data to the TXREG
register. This is because a data write to the TXREG
register can result in an immediate transfer of the data
to the TSR register (if the TSR is empty). In such a
case, an incorrect ninth data bit may be loaded in the
TSR register.
FIGURE 11-1: USART TRANSMIT BLOCK DIAGRAM
Note 1: The TSR register is not mapped in data
memory so it is not available to the user.
2: Flag bit TXIF is set when enable bit TXEN
is set. TXIF is cleared by loading TXREG.
TXIF
TXIE
Interrupt
TXEN Baud Rate CLK
SPBRG
Baud Rate Generator
TX9D
MSb LSb
Data Bus
TXREG Register
TSR Register
(8) 0
TX9
TRMT SPEN
RC6/TX/CK pin
Pin Buffer
and Control
8

PIC16F7X7
When setting up an Asynchronous Transmission,
follow these steps:
1. Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate
baud rate. If a high-speed baud rate is desired,
set bit BRGH (Section 11.1 USART Baud
Rate Generator (BRG)).
2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
bit SYNC and setting bit SPEN.
3. If interrupts are desired, then set enable bit TXIE.
4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, then set transmit
bit TX9.
5. Enable the transmission by setting bit TXEN,
which will also set bit TXIF.
6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded in bit TX9D.
7. Load data to the TXREG register (starts
transmission).
8. If using interrupts, ensure that GIE and PEIE
(bits 7 and 6) of the INTCON register are set.
FIGURE 11-2: ASYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION
FIGURE 11-3: ASYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION (BACK TO BACK)
TABLE 11-7: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh,
10Bh,18Bh
INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF R0IF 0000 000x 0000 000u
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
18h RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 -00x 0000 -00x
19h TXREG USART Transmit Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented locations read as 0. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous transmission.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.
Word 1
Stop bit
Word 1
Transmit Shift Reg
Start bit bit 0 bit 1 bit 7/8
Write to TXREG
Word 1
BRG Output
(Shift Clock)
RC6/TX/CK (pin)
TXIF bit
(Transmit Buffer
Reg. Empty Flag)
TRMT bit
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)
Transmit Shift Reg.
Write to TXREG
BRG Output
(Shift Clock)
RC6/TX/CK (pin)
TXIF bit
(Interrupt Reg. Flag)
TRMT bit
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)
Word 1 Word 2
Word 1 Word 2
Start bit
Stop bit
Start bit
Transmit Shift Reg.
Word 1 Word 2
bit 0 bit 1 bit 7/8 bit 0
Note: This timing diagram shows two consecutive transmissions.
PIC16F7X7
11.2.2 USART ASYNCHRONOUS
RECEIVER
The receiver block diagram is shown in Figure 11-4.
The data is received on the RC7/RX/DT pin and drives
the data recovery block. The data recovery block is
actually a high-speed shifter, operating at x16 times the
baud rate; whereas, the main receive serial shifter
operates at the bit rate or at FOSC.
Once Asynchronous mode is selected, reception is
enabled by setting bit, CREN (RCSTA<4>).
The heart of the receiver is the Receive (Serial) Shift
Register (RSR). After sampling the Stop bit, the
received data in the RSR is transferred to the RCREG
register (if it is empty). If the transfer is complete, flag
bit, RCIF (PIR1<5>), is set. The actual interrupt can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit, RCIE
(PIE1<5>). Flag bit RCIF is a read-only bit which is
cleared by the hardware. It is cleared when the RCREG
register has been read and is empty. The RCREG is a
double-buffered register (i.e., it is a two-deep FIFO). It
is possible for two bytes of data to be received and
transferred to the RCREG FIFO and a third byte to
begin shifting to the RSR register. On the detection of
the Stop bit of the third byte, if the RCREG register is
still full, the Overrun Error bit, OERR (RCSTA<1>), will
be set. The word in the RSR will be lost. The RCREG
register can be read twice to retrieve the two bytes in
the FIFO. Overrun bit OERR has to be cleared in soft-
ware. This is done by resetting the receive logic (CREN
is cleared and then set). If bit OERR is set, transfers
from the RSR register to the RCREG register are inhib-
ited and no further data will be received. It is, therefore,
essential to clear error bit OERR if it is set. Framing
Error bit, FERR (RCSTA<2>), is set if a Stop bit is
detected as clear. Bit FERR and the 9th receive bit are
buffered the same way as the receive data. Reading
the RCREG will load bits RX9D and FERR with new
values, therefore, it is essential for the user to read the
RCSTA register before reading the RCREG register, in
order not to lose the old FERR and RX9D information.
FIGURE 11-4: USART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIGURE 11-5: ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION
x64 Baud Rate CLK
SPBRG
Baud Rate Generator
RC7/RX/DT
Pin Buffer
and Control
SPEN
Data
Recovery
CREN
OERR FERR
RSR Register MSb LSb
RX9D RCREG Register
FIFO
Interrupt
RCIF
RCIE
Data Bus
8
64
16
or
Stop Start (8) 7 1 0
RX9

FOSC
Start
bit
bit 7/8 bit 1 bit 0 bit 7/8 bit 0 Stop
bit
Start
bit bit 7/8
RX (pin)
Reg
Rcv Buffer Reg
Rcv Shift
Read Rcv
Buffer Reg
RCREG
RCIF
(Interrupt Flag)
OERR bit
CREN
Word 1
RCREG
Word 2
RCREG
Stop
bit
Note: This timing diagram shows three words appearing on the RX input. The RCREG (receive buffer) is read after the third word,
causing the OERR (overrun) bit to be set.
bit Stop
bit
Start
PIC16F7X7
When setting up an Asynchronous Reception, follow
these steps:
set bit BRGH (Section 11.1 USART Baud
Rate Generator (BRG)).
2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
3. If interrupts are desired, then set enable bit
RCIE.
4. If 9-bit reception is desired, then set bit RX9.
5. Enable the reception by setting bit CREN.
6. Flag bit RCIF will be set when reception is
complete and an interrupt will be generated if
enable bit RCIE is set.
7. Read the RCSTA register to get the ninth bit (if
enabled) and determine if any error occurred
during reception.
8. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREG register.
9. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
enable bit CREN.
TABLE 11-8: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh,
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
1Ah RCREG USART Receive Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented locations read as 0. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous reception.
PIC16F7X7
11.2.3 SETTING UP 9-BIT MODE WITH
ADDRESS DETECT
When setting up an Asynchronous Reception with
address detect enabled:
Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate
set bit BRGH.
Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
If interrupts are desired, then set enable bit RCIE.
Set bit RX9 to enable 9-bit reception.
Set ADDEN to enable address detect.
Enable the reception by setting enable bit CREN.
Flag bit RCIF will be set when reception is
complete and an interrupt will be generated if
enable bit RCIE was set.
Read the RCSTA register to get the ninth bit and
determine if any error occurred during reception.
Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREG register to determine if the device is
being addressed.
If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
enable bit CREN.
If the device has been addressed, clear the
ADDEN bit to allow data bytes and address bytes
to be read into the receive buffer and interrupt the
CPU.
FIGURE 11-6: USART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM
x64 Baud Rate CLK
SPBRG
Baud Rate Generator
RC7/RX/DT
Pin Buffer
and Control
SPEN
Data
Recovery
CREN
OERR
FERR
RSR Register MSb LSb
RX9D RCREG Register
FIFO
Interrupt
RCIF
RCIE
Data Bus
8
64
16
or
Stop Start (8) 7 1 0
RX9

RX9
ADDEN
RX9
ADDEN
RSR<8>
Enable
Load of
Receive
Buffer
8
8
FOSC
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 11-7: ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION WITH ADDRESS DETECT
FIGURE 11-8: ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION WITH ADDRESS BYTE FIRST
TABLE 11-9: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION
Start
bit
bit 1 bit 0 bit 8 bit 0 Stop
bit
Start
bit bit 8 Stop
bit
RC7/RX/DT (pin)
Load RSR
Read
RCIF
Word 1
RCREG
bit 8 = 0, Data Byte bit 8 = 1, Address Byte
Note: This timing diagram shows a data byte followed by an address byte. The data byte is not read into the RCREG (receive buffer)
because ADDEN = 1.
Start
bit bit 1 bit 0 bit 8 bit 0 Stop
bit
Start
bit bit 8 Stop
bit
RC7/RX/DT (pin)
Load RSR
Read
RCIF
Word 1
RCREG
bit 8 = 1, Address Byte bit 8 = 0, Data Byte
Note: This timing diagram shows a data byte followed by an address byte. The data byte is not read into the RCREG (receive buffer)
because ADDEN was not updated and still = 0.
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh,
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented locations read as 0. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous reception.
PIC16F7X7
11.3 USART Synchronous
Master Mode
In Synchronous Master mode, the data is transmitted in
a half-duplex manner (i.e., transmission and reception
do not occur at the same time). When transmitting data,
the reception is inhibited and vice versa. Synchronous
mode is entered by setting bit, SYNC (TXSTA<4>). In
addition, enable bit, SPEN (RCSTA<7>), is set in order
to configure the RC6/TX/CK and RC7/RX/DT I/O pins
to CK (clock) and DT (data) lines, respectively. The
Master mode indicates that the processor transmits the
master clock on the CK line. The Master mode is
entered by setting bit, CSRC (TXSTA<7>).
11.3.1 USART SYNCHRONOUS MASTER
TRANSMISSION
The USART transmitter block diagram is shown in
Figure 11-6. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit
(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The Shift register obtains
its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer register,
TXREG. The TXREG register is loaded with data in
software. The TSR register is not loaded until the last
bit has been transmitted from the previous load. As
soon as the last bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded
with new data from the TXREG (if available). Once the
TXREG register transfers the data to the TSR register
(occurs in one TCYCLE), the TXREG is empty and inter-
rupt bit, TXIF (PIR1<4>), is set. The interrupt can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit, TXIE
(PIE1<4>). Flag bit TXIF will be set regardless of the
state of enable bit TXIE and cannot be cleared in soft-
ware. It will reset only when new data is loaded into the
TXREG register. While flag bit TXIF indicates the status
of the TXREG register, another bit, TRMT (TXSTA<1>),
shows the status of the TSR register. TRMT is a read-
only bit which is set when the TSR is empty. No
interrupt logic is tied to this bit so the user has to poll
this bit in order to determine if the TSR register is
empty. The TSR is not mapped in data memory so it is
not available to the user.
Transmission is enabled by setting enable bit, TXEN
(TXSTA<5>). The actual transmission will not occur
until the TXREG register has been loaded with data.
The first data bit will be shifted out on the next available
rising edge of the clock on the CK line. Data out is sta-
ble around the falling edge of the synchronous clock
(Figure 11-9). The transmission can also be started by
first loading the TXREG register and then setting bit
TXEN (Figure 11-10). This is advantageous when slow
baud rates are selected, since the BRG is kept in Reset
when bits TXEN, CREN and SREN are clear. Setting
enable bit TXEN will start the BRG, creating a shift
clock immediately. Normally, when transmission is first
started, the TSR register is empty so a transfer to the
TXREG register will result in an immediate transfer to
TSR, resulting in an empty TXREG. Back-to-back
transfers are possible.
Clearing enable bit TXEN during a transmission will
cause the transmission to be aborted and will reset the
transmitter. The DT and CK pins will revert to high-
impedance. If either bit CREN or bit SREN is set during
a transmission, the transmission is aborted and the DT
pin reverts to a high-impedance state (for a reception).
The CK pin will remain an output if bit CSRC is set
(internal clock). The transmitter logic, however, is not
reset, although it is disconnected from the pins. In order
to reset the transmitter, the user has to clear bit TXEN.
If bit SREN is set (to interrupt an on-going transmission
and receive a single word), then after the single word is
received, bit SREN will be cleared and the serial port
will revert back to transmitting since bit TXEN is still set.
The DT line will immediately switch from High-
Impedance Receive mode to transmit and start driving.
To avoid this, bit TXEN should be cleared.
In order to select 9-bit transmission, the TX9
(TXSTA<6>) bit should be set and the ninth bit should
be written to bit TX9D (TXSTA<0>). The ninth bit must
be written before writing the 8-bit data to the TXREG
register. This is because a data write to the TXREG can
result in an immediate transfer of the data to the TSR
register (if the TSR is empty). If the TSR was empty and
the TXREG was written before writing the new TX9D,
the present value of bit TX9D is loaded.
Steps to follow when setting up a Synchronous Master
Transmission:
baud rate (Section 11.1 USART Baud Rate
Generator (BRG)).
2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
setting bits SYNC, SPEN and CSRC.
3. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit TXIE.
4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set bit TX9.
5. Enable the transmission by setting bit TXEN.
7. Start transmission by loading data to the TXREG
register.
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 11-10: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION
FIGURE 11-9: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION
FIGURE 11-10: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (THROUGH TXEN)
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh,
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master transmission.
bit 0 bit 1 bit 7
Word 1
Q1Q2 Q3Q4 Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3 Q4Q1Q2Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3Q4 Q3Q4 Q1Q2 Q3Q4 Q1Q2Q3Q4 Q1Q2Q3 Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3 Q4
bit 2 bit 0 bit 1 bit 7
RC7/RX/DT
RC6/TX/CK
Write to
TXREG Reg
TXIF bit
(Interrupt Flag)
TXEN bit
1 1
Word 2
TRMT bit
Write Word 1
Write Word 2
Note: Sync Master mode, SPBRG = 0. Continuous transmission of two 8-bit words.
pin
pin
RC7/RX/DT pin
RC6/TX/CK pin
Write to
TXREG Reg
TXIF bit
TRMT bit
bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 6 bit 7
TXEN bit
PIC16F7X7
11.3.2 USART SYNCHRONOUS MASTER
RECEPTION
Once Synchronous mode is selected, reception is
enabled by setting either enable bit, SREN
(RCSTA<5>) or enable bit, CREN (RCSTA<4>). Data is
sampled on the RC7/RX/DT pin on the falling edge of
the clock. If enable bit SREN is set, then only a single
word is received. If enable bit CREN is set, the recep-
tion is continuous until CREN is cleared. If both bits are
set, CREN takes precedence. After clocking the last bit,
the received data in the Receive Shift Register (RSR)
is transferred to the RCREG register (if it is empty).
When the transfer is complete, interrupt flag bit, RCIF
(PIR1<5>), is set. The actual interrupt can be enabled/
disabled by setting/clearing enable bit, RCIE
(PIE1<5>). Flag bit RCIF is a read-only bit which is
reset by the hardware. In this case, it is reset when the
RCREG register has been read and is empty. The
RCREG is a double-buffered register (i.e., it is a two-
deep FIFO). It is possible for two bytes of data to be
received and transferred to the RCREG FIFO and a
third byte to begin shifting into the RSR register. On the
clocking of the last bit of the third byte, if the RCREG
register is still full, then Overrun Error bit, OERR
(RCSTA<1>), is set. The word in the RSR will be lost.
The RCREG register can be read twice to retrieve the
two bytes in the FIFO. Bit OERR has to be cleared in
software (by clearing bit CREN). If bit OERR is set,
transfers from the RSR to the RCREG are inhibited so
it is essential to clear bit OERR if it is set. The ninth
receive bit is buffered the same way as the receive
data. Reading the RCREG register will load bit RX9D
with a new value, therefore, it is essential for the user
to read the RCSTA register before reading RCREG, in
order not to lose the old RX9D information.
When setting up a Synchronous Master Reception:
baud rate (Section 11.1 USART Baud Rate
Generator (BRG)).
setting bits SYNC, SPEN and CSRC.
3. Ensure bits CREN and SREN are clear.
RCIE.
5. If 9-bit reception is desired, then set bit RX9.
6. If a single reception is required, set bit SREN.
For continuous reception, set bit CREN.
7. Interrupt flag bit RCIF will be set when reception
is complete and an interrupt will be generated if
enable bit RCIE was set.
during reception.
RCREG register.
bit CREN.
TABLE 11-11: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER RECEPTION
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh,
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master reception.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 11-11: SYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION (MASTER MODE, SREN)
CREN bit
RC7/RX/DT pin
RC6/TX/CK pin
Write to
bit SREN
SREN bit
RCIF bit
(Interrupt)
Read
RXREG
Note: Timing diagram demonstrates Sync Master mode with bit SREN = 1 and bit BRG = 0.
Q3Q4 Q1Q2Q3Q4 Q1 Q2Q3Q4 Q2 Q1Q2Q3 Q4Q1 Q2Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3Q4Q1 Q2Q3 Q4 Q1Q2Q3 Q4
0
bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7
0
Q1Q2 Q3Q4
PIC16F7X7
11.4 USART Synchronous Slave Mode
Synchronous Slave mode differs from the Master mode
in the fact that the shift clock is supplied externally at
the RC6/TX/CK pin (instead of being supplied internally
in Master mode). This allows the device to transfer or
receive data while in Sleep mode. Slave mode is
entered by clearing bit, CSRC (TXSTA<7>).
11.4.1 USART SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE
TRANSMIT
The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave
modes is identical, except in the case of the Sleep mode.
If two words are written to the TXREG and then the
SLEEP instruction is executed, the following will occur:
a) The first word will immediately transfer to the
TSR register and transmit.
b) The second word will remain in TXREG register.
c) Flag bit TXIF will not be set.
d) When the first word has been shifted out of TSR,
the TXREG register will transfer the second word
to the TSR and flag bit TXIF will now be set.
e) If enable bit TXIE is set, the interrupt will wake
the chip from Sleep and if the global interrupt is
enabled, the program will branch to the interrupt
vector (0004h).
When setting up a Synchronous Slave Transmission,
follow these steps:
1. Enable the synchronous slave serial port by
setting bits SYNC and SPEN and clearing bit
CSRC.
2. Clear bits CREN and SREN.
TXIE.
4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, then set bit TX9.
5. Enable the transmission by setting enable bit
TXEN.
7. Start transmission by loading data to the TXREG
register.
TABLE 11-12: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE TRANSMISSION
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh,
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave transmission.
PIC16F7X7
11.4.2 USART SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE
RECEPTION
The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave
modes is identical, except in the case of the Sleep
mode. Bit SREN is a don't care in Slave mode.
If receive is enabled by setting bit CREN prior to the
SLEEP instruction, then a word may be received during
Sleep. On completely receiving the word, the RSR reg-
ister will transfer the data to the RCREG register and if
enable bit RCIE bit is set, the interrupt generated will
wake the chip from Sleep. If the global interrupt is
enabled, the program will branch to the interrupt vector
(0004h).
When setting up a Synchronous Slave Reception,
follow these steps:
setting bits SYNC and SPEN and clearing bit
CSRC.
2. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit RCIE.
3. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit RX9.
4. To enable reception, set enable bit CREN.
5. Flag bit RCIF will be set when reception is com-
plete and an interrupt will be generated if enable
bit RCIE was set.
during reception.
RCREG register.
bit CREN.
TABLE 11-13: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE RECEPTION
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh,
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave reception.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on 28-pin devices, always maintain these bits clear.
PIC16F7X7
NOTES:
PIC16F7X7
12.0 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
CONVERTER (A/D) MODULE
The Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter module has 11
inputs for the PIC16F737 and PIC16F767 devices and
14 for the PIC16F747 AND PIC16F777 devices.
The A/D allows conversion of an analog input signal to
a corresponding 10-bit digital number.
A new feature for the A/D converter is the addition of
programmable acquisition time. This feature allows the
user to select a new channel for conversion and to set
the GO/DONE bit immediately. When the GO/DONE bit
is set, the selected channel is sampled for the pro-
grammed acquisition time before a conversion is actu-
ally started. This removes the firmware overhead
required to allow for an acquisition (sampling) period
(see Register 12-3 and Section 12.2 Selecting and
Configuring Automatic Acquisition Time).
The module has five registers:
A/D Result High Register (ADRESH)
A/D Result Low Register (ADRESL)
A/D Control Register 0 (ADCON0)
The ADCON0 register, shown in Register 12-1, controls
the operation of the A/D module and clock source. The
ADCON1 register, shown in Register 12-2, configures
the functions of the port pins, justification and voltage
reference sources. The ADCON2, shown in
Register 12-3, configures the programmed acquisition
time.
Additional information on using the A/D module can be
found in the PICmicro
Mid-Range MCU Family

Reference Manual (DS33023) and in Application Note
AN546, Using the Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter
(DS00546).
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 12-1: ADCON0: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 0 (ADDRESS 1Fh)
ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE CHS3 ADON
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7-6 ADCS1:ADCS0: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits
If ADCS2 = 0:
000 = FOSC/2
001 = FOSC/8
010 = FOSC/32
011 = FRC (clock derived from an RC oscillation)
If ADCS2 = 1:
00 = FOSC/4
01 = FOSC/16
10 = FOSC/64
11 = FRC (clock derived from an RC oscillation)
bit 5-3 CHS<2:0>: Analog Channel Select bits
0000 =Channel 00 (AN0)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1010 =Channel 10 (AN10)
1011 =Channel 11 (AN11)
1100 =Channel 12 (AN12)
1101 =Channel 13 (AN13)
111x =Unused
Note1:Selecting AN5 through AN7 on the 28-pin product variant (PIC16F737 and
PIC16F767) will result in a full-scale conversion as unimplemented channels are
connected to VDD.
bit 2 GO/DONE: A/D Conversion Status bit
1 = A/D conversion cycle in progress. Setting this bit starts an A/D conversion cycle. This bit is
automatically cleared by hardware when the A/D conversion has completed.
0 = A/D conversion completed/not in progress
bit 1 CHS<3>: Analog Channel Select bit (see bit 5-3 for bit settings)
bit 0 ADON: A/D Conversion Status bit
1 = A/D converter module is operating
0 = A/D converter is shut-off and consumes no operating current
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 12-2: ADCON1: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 1 (ADDRESS 9Fh)
ADFM ADCS2 VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 ADFM: A/D Result Format Select bit
1 = Right justified. Six Most Significant bits of ADRESH are read as 0.
0 = Left justified. Six Least Significant bits of ADRESL are read as 0.
bit 6 ADCS2: A/D Clock Divide by 2 Select bit
1 = A/D clock source is divided by two when system clock is used
0 = Disabled
bit 5 VCFG1: Voltage Reference Configuration bit 1
0 = VREF- is connected to VSS
1 = VREF- is connected to external VREF- (RA2)
bit 4 VCFG0: Voltage Reference Configuration bit 0
0 = VREF+ is connected to VDD
1 = VREF+ is connected to external VREF+ (RA3)
bit 3-0 PCFG<3:0>: A/D Port Configuration bits
Note: AN5 through AN7 are only available on the 40-pin product variant (PIC16F747 and
PIC16F777).
Legend:
AN13 AN12 AN11 AN10 AN9 AN8 AN7 AN6 AN5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0
0000 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
0001 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
0010 D A A A A A A A A A A A A A
0011 D D A A A A A A A A A A A A
0100 D D D A A A A A A A A A A A
0101 D D D D A A A A A A A A A A
0110 D D D D D A A A A A A A A A
0111 D D D D D D A A A A A A A A
1000 D D D D D D D A A A A A A A
1001 D D D D D D D D A A A A A A
1010 D D D D D D D D D A A A A A
1011 D D D D D D D D D D A A A A
1100 D D D D D D D D D D D A A A
1101 D D D D D D D D D D D D A A
1110 D D D D D D D D D D D D D A
1111 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Legend: A = Analog input, D = Digital I/O
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 12-3: ADCON2: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 2
The analog reference voltage is software selectable
to either the devices positive and negative supply
voltage (VDD and VSS) or the voltage level on the
RA3/AN3/VREF+ and RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF pins.
The A/D converter has a unique feature of being able
to operate while the device is in Sleep mode. To oper-
ate in Sleep, the A/D conversion clock must be derived
from the A/Ds internal RC oscillator.
The output of the sample and hold is the input into the
converter, which generates the result via successive
approximation.
A device Reset forces all registers to their Reset state.
This forces the A/D module to be turned off and any
conversion in progress is aborted.
Each port pin associated with the A/D converter can be
configured as an analog input or as a digital I/O. The
ADRESH and ADRESL registers contain the result of
the A/D conversion. When the A/D conversion is com-
plete, the result is loaded into the ADRESH/ADRESL
registers, the GO/DONE bit (ADCON0 register) is
cleared and A/D Interrupt Flag bit, ADIF, is set. The block
diagram of the A/D module is shown in Figure 12-1.
U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 U-0
ACQT2 ACQT1 ACQT0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 5-3 ACQT<2:0>: A/D Acquisition Time Select bits
000 = 0
(1)
001 = 2 TAD
010 = 4 TAD
011 = 6 TAD
100 = 8 TAD
101 = 12TAD
110 = 16 TAD
111 = 20 TAD
Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D
clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed.
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
The value in the ADRESH/ADRESL registers is not
modified for a Power-on Reset. The ADRESH/
ADRESL registers will contain unknown data after a
Power-on Reset.
After the A/D module has been configured as desired,
the selected channel must be acquired before the con-
version is started. The analog input channels must
have their corresponding TRIS bits selected as an
input. To determine acquisition time, see Section 12.1
A/D Acquisition Requirements. After this acquisi-
tion time has elapsed, the A/D conversion can be
started. An acquisition time can be programmed to
occur between setting the GO/DONE bit and the actual
start of the conversion.
The following steps should be followed to do an A/D
conversion:
1. Configure the A/D module:
Configure analog pins, voltage reference and
digital I/O (ADCON1)
Select A/D input channel (ADCON0)
Select A/D acquisition time (ADCON2)
Select A/D conversion clock (ADCON0)
Turn on A/D module (ADCON0)
2. Configure A/D interrupt (if desired):
Clear ADIF bit
Set ADIE bit
Set PEIE bit
Set GIE bit
3. Wait the required acquisition time (if required).
4. Start conversion:
Set GO/DONE bit (ADCON0 register)
5. Wait for A/D conversion to complete, by either:
Polling for the GO/DONE bit to be cleared
OR
Waiting for the A/D interrupt
6. Read A/D Result registers (ADRESH:ADRESL);
clear bit ADIF, if required.
7. For next conversion, go to step 1 or step 2, as
required. The A/D conversion time per bit is
defined as TAD. A minimum wait of 2 TAD is
required before the next acquisition starts.
FIGURE 12-1: A/D BLOCK DIAGRAM
(Input Voltage)
VIN
VREF+
(Reference
Voltage)
VDD
VCFG<1:0>
CHS<3:0>
AN3/VREF+
AN2/VREF-
AN1
AN0
0011
0010
0001
0000
A/D
Converter
VREF-
(Reference
Voltage)
VSS
VCFG<1:0>
AN12
AN13
AN11
1101
1100
1011
S

S
PIC16F7X7
12.1 A/D Acquisition Requirements
For the A/D converter to meet its specified accuracy,
the charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed
to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The
analog input model is shown in Figure 12-2. The
source impedance (RS) and the internal sampling
switch (RSS) impedance directly affect the time
required to charge the capacitor CHOLD. The sampling
switch (RSS) impedance varies over the device voltage
(VDD), see Figure 12-2. The maximum recom-
mended impedance for analog sources is 2.5 k.
As the impedance is decreased, the acquisition time
may be decreased. After the analog input channel is
selected (changed), this acquisition must be done
before the conversion can be started.
To calculate the minimum acquisition time,
Equation 12-1 may be used. This equation assumes
that 1/2 LSb error is used (1024 steps for the A/D). The
1/2 LSb error is the maximum error allowed for the A/D
to meet its specified resolution.
To calculate the minimum acquisition time, TACQ, see
the PICmicro

Manual (DS33023).
EQUATION 12-1: ACQUISITION TIME

FIGURE 12-2: ANALOG INPUT MODEL
TACQ
TC
TACQ
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Amplifier Settling Time + Hold Capacitor Charging Time + Temperature Coefficient
TAMP + TC + TCOFF
2 s + TC + [(Temperature -25C)(0.05 s/C)]
CHOLD (RIC + RSS + RS) In(1/2047)
-120 pF (1 k + 7 k + 10 k) In(0.0004885)
16.47 s
2 s + 16.47 s + [(50C 25C)(0.05 s/C)
19.72 s
Note 1: The reference voltage (VREF) has no effect on the equation since it cancels itself out.
2: The charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) is not discharged after each conversion.
3: The maximum recommended impedance for analog sources is 10 k. This is required to meet the pin
leakage specification.
4: After a conversion has completed, a 2.0 TAD delay must complete before acquisition can begin again.
During this time, the holding capacitor is not connected to the selected A/D input channel.
CPIN
VA
RS
ANx
5 pF
VDD
VT = 0.6V
VT = 0.6V
ILEAKAGE
RIC 1k
Sampling
Switch
SS
RSS
CHOLD
= DAC Capacitance
VSS
6V
Sampling Switch
5V
4V
3V
2V
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
(k)
VDD
= 51.2 pF
500 nA
Legend CPIN
VT
ILEAKAGE
RIC
SS
CHOLD
= input capacitance
= threshold voltage
= leakage current at the pin due to
= interconnect resistance
= sampling switch
= sample/hold capacitance (from DAC)
various junctions
PIC16F7X7
12.2 Selecting and Configuring
Automatic Acquisition Time
The ADCON2 register allows the user to select an
acquisition time that occurs each time the GO/DONE
bit is set.
When the GO/DONE bit is set, sampling is stopped and
a conversion begins. The user is responsible for ensur-
ing the required acquisition time has passed between
selecting the desired input channel and setting the
GO/DONE bit. This occurs when the ACQT2:ACQT0
bits (ADCON2<5:3>) remain in their Reset state (000)
and is compatible with devices that do not offer
programmable acquisition times.
If desired, the ACQT bits can be set to select a pro-
grammable acquisition time for the A/D module. When
the GO/DONE bit is set, the A/D module continues to
sample the input for the selected acquisition time, then
automatically begins a conversion. Since the acquisi-
tion time is programmed, there may be no need to wait
for an acquisition time between selecting a channel and
setting the GO/DONE bit.
In either case, when the conversion is completed, the
GO/DONE bit is cleared, the ADIF flag is set and the
A/D begins sampling the currently selected channel
again. If an acquisition time is programmed, there is
nothing to indicate if the acquisition time has ended or
if the conversion has begun.
12.3 Selecting the A/D Conversion
Clock
The A/D conversion time per bit is defined as TAD. The
A/D conversion requires a minimum 12 TAD per 10-bit
conversion. The source of the A/D conversion clock is
software selected. The seven possible options for TAD
are:
2 TOSC
4 TOSC
8 TOSC
16 TOSC
32 TOSC
64 TOSC
Internal A/D module, RC oscillator (2-6 s)
For correct A/D conversions, the A/D conversion clock
(TAD) must be selected to ensure a minimum TAD time
of 1.6 s.
Table 12-1 shows the resultant TAD times derived from
the device operating frequencies and the A/D clock
source selected.
TABLE 12-1: TAD vs. MAXIMUM DEVICE OPERATING FREQUENCIES (STANDARD DEVICES (F))
AD Clock Source (TAD) Maximum Device Frequency
Operation ADCS2:ADCS1:ADCS0 Max.
2 TOSC 000 1.25 MHz
4 TOSC 100 2.5 MHz
8 TOSC 001 5 MHz
16 TOSC 101 10 MHz
32 TOSC 010 20 MHz
64 TOSC 110 20 MHz
RC
(1, 2, 3)
x11 (Note 1)
Note 1: The RC source has a typical TAD time of 4 s but can vary between 2-6 s.
2: When the device frequencies are greater than 1 MHz, the RC A/D conversion clock source is only
recommended for Sleep operation.
3: For extended voltage devices (LF), please refer to Section 18.0 Electrical Characteristics.
PIC16F7X7
12.4 Operation in Power Managed
Modes
The selection of the automatic acquisition time and
A/D conversion clock is determined in part by the clock
source and frequency while in a power managed mode.
If the A/D is expected to operate while the device is in
a power managed mode, the ACQT2:ACQT0 and
ADCS2:ADCS0 bits in ADCON2 should be updated in
accordance with the power managed mode clock that
will be used. After the power managed mode is entered
(either of the Power Managed Run modes), an A/D
acquisition or conversion may be started. Once an
acquisition or conversion is started, the device should
continue to be clocked by the same power managed
mode clock source until the conversion has been
completed.
If the power managed mode clock frequency is less
than 1 MHz, the A/D RC clock source should be
selected.
Operation in Sleep mode requires the A/D RC clock to
be selected. If bits ACQT2:ACQT0 are set to 000 and
a conversion is started, the conversion will be delayed
one instruction cycle to allow execution of the SLEEP
instruction and entry to Sleep mode.
12.5 Configuring Analog Port Pins
The ADCON1, TRISA, TRISB and TRISE registers
control the operation of the A/D port pins. The port pins
that are desired as analog inputs must have their cor-
responding TRIS bits set (input). If the TRIS bit is
cleared (output), the digital output level (VOH or VOL)
will be converted.
The A/D operation is independent of the state of the
CHS2:CHS0 bits and the TRIS bits.
Note 1: When reading the Port register, all pins
configured as analog input channels will
read as cleared (a low level). Pins config-
ured as digital inputs will convert an analog
input. Analog levels on a digitally config-
ured input will not affect the conversion
accuracy.
2: Analog levels on any pin that is defined as
a digital input, but not as an analog input,
may cause the digital input buffer to con-
sume current that is out of the devices
specification.
PIC16F7X7
12.6 A/D Conversions
Figure 12-3 shows the operation of the A/D converter
after the GO bit has been set and the ACQT2:ACQT0
bits are cleared. A conversion is started after the follow-
ing instruction to allow entry into Sleep mode before the
conversion begins.
Figure 12-4 shows the operation of the A/D converter
after the GO bit has been set, the ACQT2:ACQT0 bits
are set to 010 and a 4 TAD acquisition time is selected
before the conversion starts.
Clearing the GO/DONE bit during a conversion will
abort the current conversion. The A/D Result register
pair will NOT be updated with the partially completed
A/D conversion sample. This means the
ADRESH:ADRESL registers will continue to contain
the value of the last completed conversion (or the last
value written to the ADRESH:ADRESL registers).
After the A/D conversion is completed or aborted, a
2 TAD wait is required before the next acquisition can
be started. After this wait, acquisition on the selected
channel is automatically started.
FIGURE 12-3: A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLES (ACQT<2:0> = 000, TACQ = 0)
FIGURE 12-4: A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLES (ACQT<2:0> = 010, TACQ = 4 TAD)
Note: The GO/DONE bit should NOT be set in
the same instruction that turns on the A/D.
TAD1 TAD2 TAD3 TAD4 TAD5 TAD6 TAD7 TAD8 TAD11
Set GO bit
Holding capacitor is disconnected from analog input (typically 100 ns)
TAD9 TAD10 TCY - TAD
Next Q4: ADRESH/ADRESL is loaded, GO bit is cleared,
ADIF bit is set, holding capacitor is connected to analog input.
Conversion starts
b0 b9 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b8 b7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11
Set GO bit
(Holding capacitor is disconnected)
9 10
Next Q4: ADRESH:ADRESL is loaded, GO bit is cleared,
ADIF bit is set, holding capacitor is reconnected to analog input.
Conversion starts
1 2 3 4
(Holding capacitor continues
acquiring input)
TACQT Cycles TAD Cycles
Automatic
Acquisition
Time
b0 b9 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b8 b7
PIC16F7X7
12.7 A/D Operation During Sleep
The A/D module can operate during Sleep mode. This
requires that the A/D clock source be set to RC
(ADCS1:ADCS0 = 11). When the RC clock source is
selected, the A/D module waits one instruction cycle
before starting the conversion. This allows the SLEEP
instruction to be executed which eliminates all digital
switching noise from the conversion. When the conver-
sion is completed, the GO/DONE bit will be cleared and
the result loaded into the ADRES register. If the A/D
interrupt is enabled, the device will wake-up from
Sleep. If the A/D interrupt is not enabled, the A/D
module will then be turned off, although the ADON bit
will remain set.
When the A/D clock source is another clock option (not
RC), a SLEEP instruction will cause the present conver-
sion to be aborted and the A/D module to be turned off,
though the ADON bit will remain set.
Turning off the A/D places the A/D module in its lowest
current consumption state.
12.8 Effects of a Reset
The A/D module is disabled and any conversion in
progress is aborted. All A/D input pins are configured
as analog inputs.
The ADRES register will contain unknown data after a
Power-on Reset.
12.9 Use of the CCP Trigger
An A/D conversion can be started by the special event
trigger of the CCP2 module. This requires that the
CCP2M3:CCP2M0 bits (CCP2CON<3:0>) be pro-
grammed as 1011 and that the A/D module is enabled
(ADON bit is set). When the trigger occurs, the
GO/DONE bit will be set, starting the A/D conversion,
and the Timer1 counter will be reset to zero. Timer1 is
reset to automatically repeat the A/D acquisition period
with minimal software overhead (moving the ADRES to
the desired location). The appropriate analog input
channel must be selected and an appropriate acquisi-
tion time should pass before the special event trigger
sets the GO/DONE bit (starts a conversion).
If the A/D module is not enabled (ADON is cleared),
then the special event trigger will be ignored by the
A/D module but will still reset the Timer1 counter.
TABLE 12-2: SUMMARY OF A/D REGISTERS
Note: For the A/D module to operate in Sleep,
the A/D clock source must be set to RC
(ADCS1:ADCS0 = 11). To perform an A/D
conversion in Sleep, ensure the SLEEP
instruction immediately follows the
instruction that sets the GO/DONE bit.
Value on:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh,8Bh,
10Bh, 18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF
(1)
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE
(1)
8Dh PIE2 OSFIE CMIE LVDIE BCLIE CCP3IE CCP2IE 000- 0--0 000- 0--0
1Eh ADRES A/D Result Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
1Fh ADCON0 ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE CHS3 ADON 0000 0000 0000 0000
85h TRISA PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111
09h PORTE
(2)
RE2 RE1 RE0 ---- x000 ---- x000
89h TRISE
(2)
IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE
(3)
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used for A/D conversion.
2: These registers are reserved on the PIC16F737/767 devices.
PIC16F7X7
13.0 COMPARATOR MODULE
The comparator module contains two analog com-
parators. The inputs to the comparators are
multiplexed with I/O port pins RA0 through RA3, while
the outputs are multiplexed to pins RA4 and RA5. The
on-chip voltage reference (Section 14.0 Comparator
Voltage Reference Module) can also be an input to
the comparators.
The CMCON register (Register 13-1) controls the com-
parator input and output multiplexers. A block diagram
of the various comparator configurations is shown in
Figure 13-1.
REGISTER 13-1: CMCON REGISTER
R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 C2OUT: Comparator 2 Output bit
When C2INV = 0:
1 = C2 VIN+ > C2 VIN-
0 = C2 VIN+ < C2 VIN-
When C2INV = 1:
1 = C2 VIN+ < C2 VIN-
0 = C2 VIN+ > C2 VIN-
bit 6 C1OUT: Comparator 1 Output bit
When C1INV = 0:
1 = C1 VIN+ > C1 VIN-
0 = C1 VIN+ < C1 VIN-
When C1INV = 1:
1 = C1 VIN+ < C1 VIN-
0 = C1 VIN+ > C1 VIN-
bit 5 C2INV: Comparator 2 Output Inversion bit
1 = C2 output inverted
0 = C2 output not inverted
bit 4 C1INV: Comparator 1 Output Inversion bit
1 = C1 output inverted
0 = C1 output not inverted
bit 3 CIS: Comparator Input Switch bit
When CM2:CM0 = 110:
1 = C1 VIN- connects to RA3/AN3
C2 VIN- connects to RA2/AN2
0 = C1 VIN- connects to RA0/AN0
C2 VIN- connects to RA1/AN1
bit 2-0 CM2:CM0: Comparator Mode bits
Figure 13-1 shows the Comparator modes and CM2:CM0 bit settings.
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
13.1 Comparator Configuration
There are eight modes of operation for the compara-
tors. The CMCON register is used to select these
modes. Figure 13-1 shows the eight possible modes.
The TRISA register controls the data direction of the
comparator pins for each mode. If the Comparator
mode is changed, the comparator output level may not
be valid for the specified mode change delay shown in
the Electrical Specifications (Section 18.0 Electrical
Characteristics).
FIGURE 13-1: COMPARATOR I/O OPERATING MODES
Note: Comparator interrupts should be disabled
during a Comparator mode change.
Otherwise, a false interrupt may occur.
C1
RA0/AN0
VIN-
VIN+
RA3/AN3
Off (Read as 0)
Comparators Reset
A
A
CM2:CM0 = 000
C2
RA1/AN1
VIN-
VIN+
RA2/AN2
Off (Read as 0)
A
A
C1
RA0/AN0
VIN-
VIN+
RA3/AN3
C1OUT
Two Independent Comparators
A
A
CM2:CM0 = 010
C2
RA1/AN1
VIN-
VIN+
RA2/AN2
C2OUT
A
A
C1
RA0/AN0
VIN-
VIN+
RA3/AN3
C1OUT
Two Common Reference Comparators
A
A
CM2:CM0 = 100
C2
RA1/AN1
VIN-
VIN+
RA2/AN2
C2OUT
A
D
C2
RA1/AN1
VIN-
VIN+
RA2/AN2
Off (Read as 0)
One Independent Comparator with Output
D
D
CM2:CM0 = 001
C1
RA0/AN0
VIN-
VIN+
RA3/AN3
C1OUT
A
A
C1
RA0/AN0
VIN-
VIN+
RA3/AN3
Off (Read as 0)
Comparators Off (POR Default Mode)
D
D
CM2:CM0 = 111
C2
RA1/AN1
VIN-
VIN+
RA2/AN2
Off (Read as 0)
D
D
C1
RA0/AN0
VIN-
VIN+
RA3/AN3
C1OUT
Four Inputs Multiplexed to Two Comparators
A
A
CM2:CM0 = 110
C2
RA1/AN1
VIN-
VIN+
RA2/AN2
C2OUT
A
A
From Comparator
CIS = 0
CIS = 1
CIS = 0
CIS = 1
C1
RA0/AN0
VIN-
VIN+
RA3/AN3
C1OUT
Two Common Reference Comparators with Outputs
A
A
CM2:CM0 = 101
C2
RA1/AN1
VIN-
VIN+
RA2/AN2
C2OUT
A
D
A = Analog Input, port reads zeros always D = Digital Input CIS (CMCON<3>) is the Comparator Input Switch
CVREF
C1
RA0/AN0
VIN-
VIN+
RA3/AN3
C1OUT
Two Independent Comparators with Outputs
A
A
CM2:CM0 = 011
C2
RA1/AN1
VIN-
VIN+
RA2/AN2
C2OUT
A
A
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
VREF Module
PIC16F7X7
13.2 Comparator Operation
A single comparator is shown in Figure 13-2, along with
the relationship between the analog input levels and
the digital output. When the analog input at VIN+ is less
than the analog input VIN-, the output of the comparator
is a digital low level. When the analog input at VIN+ is
greater than the analog input VIN-, the output of the
comparator is a digital high level. The shaded areas of
the output of the comparator in Figure 13-2 represent
the uncertainty due to input offsets and response time.
13.3 Comparator Reference
An external or internal reference signal may be used
depending on the comparator operating mode. The
analog signal present at VIN- is compared to the signal
at VIN+ and the digital output of the comparator is
adjusted accordingly (Figure 13-2).
FIGURE 13-2: SINGLE COMPARATOR
13.3.1 EXTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL
When external voltage references are used, the
comparator module can be configured to have the com-
parators operate from the same or different reference
sources. However, threshold detector applications may
require the same reference. The reference signal must
be between VSS and VDD and can be applied to either
pin of the comparator(s).
13.3.2 INTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL
The comparator module also allows the selection of an
internally generated voltage reference for the compara-
tors. Section 14.0 Comparator Voltage Reference
Module contains a detailed description of the compar-
ator voltage reference module that provides this signal.
The internal reference signal is used when comparators
are in mode CM<2:0> = 110 (Figure 13-1). In this
mode, the internal voltage reference is applied to the
VIN+ pin of both comparators.
13.4 Comparator Response Time
Response time is the minimum time after selecting a
new reference voltage or input source, before the
comparator output has a valid level. If the internal
reference is changed, the maximum delay of the inter-
nal voltage reference must be considered when using
the comparator outputs. Otherwise, the maximum
delay of the comparators should be used (Section 18.0
Electrical Characteristics).
13.5 Comparator Outputs
The comparator outputs are read through the CMCON
register. These bits are read-only. The comparator
outputs may also be directly output to the RA4 and RA5
I/O pins. When enabled, multiplexors in the output path
of the RA4 and RA5 pins will switch and the output of
each pin will be the unsynchronized output of the com-
parator. The uncertainty of each of the comparators is
related to the input offset voltage and the response time
given in the specifications. Figure 13-3 shows the
comparator output block diagram.
The TRISA bits will still function as an output enable/
disable for the RA4 and RA5 pins while in this mode.
The polarity of the comparator outputs can be changed
using the C2INV and C1INV bits (CMCON<4:5>).
+
VIN+
VIN-
Output
VIN
VIN+
Output
Output
VIN+
VIN-
Note 1: When reading the Port register, all pins
configured as analog inputs will read as a
0. Pins configured as digital inputs will
convert an analog input according to the
Schmitt Trigger input specification.
2: Analog levels on any pin defined as a dig-
ital input may cause the input buffer to
consume more current than is specified.
3: RA4 is an open collector I/O pin. When
used as an output, a pull-up resistor is
required.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 13-3: COMPARATOR OUTPUT BLOCK DIAGRAM
13.6 Comparator Interrupts
The comparator interrupt flag is set whenever there is
a change in the output value of either comparator.
Software will need to maintain information about the
status of the output bits, as read from CMCON<7:6>, to
determine the actual change that occurred. The CMIF
bit (PIR registers) is the Comparator Interrupt Flag. The
CMIF bit must be reset by clearing it (0). Since it is
also possible to write a 1 to this register, a simulated
interrupt may be initiated.
The CMIE bit (PIE registers) and the PEIE bit (INTCON
register) must be set to enable the interrupt. In addition,
the GIE bit must also be set. If any of these bits are
clear, the interrupt is not enabled, though the CMIF bit
will still be set if an interrupt condition occurs.

The user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the
interrupt in the following manner:
a) Any read or write of CMCON will end the
mismatch condition.
b) Clear flag bit CMIF.
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit CMIF.
Reading CMCON will end the mismatch condition and
allow flag bit CMIF to be cleared.
D Q
EN
To RA4 or
RA5 pin
Bus
Data
Read CMCON
Set
MULTIPLEX
CMIF
bit
- +
D Q
EN
CL
Port pins
Read CMCON
Reset
From
Other
Comparator
CxINV
Note: If a change in the CMCON register
(C1OUT or C2OUT) should occur when a
read operation is being executed (start of
the Q2 cycle), then the CMIF (PIR
registers) interrupt flag may not get set.
PIC16F7X7
13.7 Comparator Operation
During Sleep
When a comparator is active and the device is placed
in Sleep mode, the comparator remains active and the
interrupt is functional if enabled. This interrupt will
wake-up the device from Sleep mode when enabled.
While the comparator is powered up, higher Sleep
currents than shown in the power-down current
specification will occur. Each operational comparator
will consume additional current as shown in the com-
parator specifications. To minimize power consumption
while in Sleep mode, turn off the comparators
(CM<2:0> = 111) before entering Sleep. If the device
wakes up from Sleep, the contents of the CMCON
register are not affected.
A device Reset forces the CMCON register to its Reset
state, causing the comparator module to be in the
Comparator Off mode, CM<2:0> = 111. This ensures
compatibility to the PIC16F87X devices.
13.9 Analog Input Connection
Considerations
A simplified circuit for an analog input is shown in
Figure 13-4. Since the analog pins are connected to a
digital output, they have reverse biased diodes to VDD
and VSS. The analog input, therefore, must be between
VSS and VDD. If the input voltage deviates from this
range by more than 0.6V in either direction, one of the
diodes is forward biased and a latch-up condition may
occur. A maximum source impedance of 10 k is
recommended for the analog sources. Any external
component connected to an analog input pin, such as
a capacitor or a Zener diode, should have very little
leakage current.
FIGURE 13-4: ANALOG INPUT MODEL
TABLE 13-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR MODULE
Value on
POR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh,
10Bh,18Bh
8Dh PIE2 OSFIE CMIE LVDIE BCLIE CCP3IE CCP2IE 000- 0-00 000- 0-00
85h TRISA TRISA7 TRISA6 PORTA Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are unused by the comparator module.
VA
RS < 10K
AIN
CPIN
5 pF
VDD
VT = 0.6V
VT = 0.6V
RIC
ILEAKAGE
500 nA
VSS
Legend: CPIN = Input Capacitance
VT = Threshold Voltage
ILEAKAGE = Leakage Current at the pin due to various junctions
RIC = Interconnect Resistance
RS = Source Impedance
VA = Analog Voltage
PIC16F7X7
NOTES:
PIC16F7X7
14.0 COMPARATOR VOLTAGE
REFERENCE MODULE
The comparator voltage reference generator is a 16-tap
resistor ladder network that provides a fixed voltage
reference when the comparators are in mode 110. A
programmable register controls the function of the
reference generator. Register 14-1 lists the bit functions
of the CVRCON register.
As shown in Figure 14-1, the resistor ladder is seg-
mented to provide two ranges of CVREF values and has
a power-down function to conserve power when the
reference is not being used. The comparator reference
supply voltage (also referred to as CVRSRC) comes
directly from VDD. It should be noted, however, that the
voltage at the top of the ladder is CVRSRC VSAT,
where VSAT is the saturation voltage of the power
switch transistor. This reference will only be as
accurate as the values of CVRSRC and VSAT.
The output of the reference generator may be
connected to the RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF pin. This can
be used as a simple D/A function by the user if a very
high-impedance load is used. The primary purpose of
this function is to provide a test path for testing the
reference generator function.
REGISTER 14-1: CVRCON CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 9Dh)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
CVREN CVROE CVRR CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 CVREN: Comparator Voltage Reference Enable bit
1 = CVREF circuit powered on
0 = CVREF circuit powered down
bit 6 CVROE: Comparator VREF Output Enable bit
1 = CVREF voltage level is output on RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF pin
0 = CVREF voltage level is disconnected from RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF pin
bit 5 CVRR: Comparator VREF Range Selection bit
1 = 0 to 0.75 CVRSRC, with CVRSRC/24 step size
0 = 0.25 CVRSRC to 0.75 CVRSRC, with CVRSRC/32 step size
bit 3-0 CVR3:CVR0: Comparator VREF Value Selection bits 0 VR3:VR0 15
When CVRR = 1:
CVREF = (CVR<3:0>/24) (CVRSRC)
When CVRR = 0:
CVREF = 1/4 (CVRSRC) + (CVR3:CVR0/32) (CVRSRC)
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 14-1: COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE BLOCK DIAGRAM
TABLE 14-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE
CVRR
8R
CVR3
CVR0
16:1 Analog MUX
8R R R R R
CVREN
CVREF
16 Stages
Input to
Comparator
CVROE
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
VDD
CVR2
CVR1
Value on
POR
Value on
all other
Resets
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0.
Shaded cells are not used with the comparator voltage reference.
PIC16F7X7
15.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE
CPU
These devices have a host of features intended to max-
imize system reliability, minimize cost through elimina-
tion of external components, provide power saving
operating modes and offer code protection:
Reset
- Power-on Reset (POR)
- Power-up Timer (PWRT)
- Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
- Brown-out Reset (BOR)
- Low-Voltage Detect (LVD)
Interrupts
Watchdog Timer (WDT)
Two-Speed Start-up
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
Sleep
Code Protection
ID Locations
In-Circuit Serial Programming
There are two timers that offer necessary delays on
power-up. One is the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST),
intended to keep the chip in Reset until the crystal oscil-
lator is stable. The other is the Power-up Timer
(PWRT), which provides a fixed delay of 72 ms (nomi-
nal) on power-up only. It is designed to keep the part in
Reset while the power supply stabilizes and is enabled
or disabled using a configuration bit. With these two
timers on-chip, most applications need no external
Reset circuitry.
Sleep mode is designed to offer a very low current
power-down mode. The user can wake-up from Sleep
through external Reset, Watchdog Timer Wake-up or
through an interrupt.
Several oscillator options are also made available to
allow the part to fit the application. The RC oscillator
option saves system cost while the LP crystal option
saves power. Configuration bits are used to select the
desired oscillator mode.
Additional information on special features is available
in the PICmicro

Manual (DS33023).
15.1 Configuration Bits
The configuration bits can be programmed (read as 0)
or left unprogrammed (read as 1) to select various
device configurations. These bits are mapped in
program memory locations 2007h and 2008h.
The user will note that address 2007h is beyond the
user program memory space which can be accessed
only during programming.
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 15-1: CONFIGURATION WORD REGISTER 1 (ADDRESS 2007h)
R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 U-1 U-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1
CP CCPMX DEBUG BORV1 BORV0 BOREN MCLRE FOSC2 PWRTEN WDTEN FOSC1 FOSC0
bit 13 bit 0
bit 13 CP: Flash Program Memory Code Protection bits
1 = Code protection off
0 = 0000h to 1FFFh code-protected for PIC16F767/777 and 0000h to 0FFFh for PIC16F737/747 (all protected)
bit 12 CCPMX: CCP2 Multiplex bit
1 = CCP2 is on RC1
0 = CCP2 is on RB3
bit 11 DEBUG: In-Circuit Debugger Mode bit
1 = In-circuit debugger disabled, RB6 and RB7 are general purpose I/O pins
0 = In-circuit debugger enabled, RB6 and RB7 are dedicated to the debugger
bit 8-7 BORV<1:0>: Brown-out Reset Voltage bits
11 = VBOR set to 2.0V
bit 6 BOREN: Brown-out Reset Enable bit
BOREN combines with BORSEN to control when BOR is enabled and how it is controlled.
BOREN:BORSEN:
11 = BOR enabled and always on
10 = BOR enabled during operation and disabled during Sleep by hardware
01 = BOR controlled by software bit SBOREN (refer to PCON register (Register 2-8), bit 2)
00 = BOR disabled
bit 5 MCLRE: MCLR/VPP/RE3 Pin Function Select bit
1 = MCLR/VPP/RE3 pin function is MCLR
0 = MCLR/VPP/RE3 pin function is digital input only, MCLR gated to 1
bit 3 PWRTEN: Power-up Timer Enable bit
1 = PWRT disabled
0 = PWRT enabled
bit 2 WDTEN: Watchdog Timer Enable bit
1 = WDT enabled
0 = WDT disabled
bit 4, 1-0 FOSC2:FOSC0: Oscillator Selection bits
111 = EXTRC oscillator; CLKO function on OSC2/CLKO/RA6
110 = EXTRC oscillator; port I/O function on OSC2/CLKO/RA6
101 = INTRC oscillator; CLKO function on OSC2/CLKO/RA6 and port I/O function on OSC1/CLKI/RA7
100 = INTRC oscillator; port I/O function on OSC1/CLKI/RA7 and OSC2/CLKO/RA6
011 = EXTCLK; port I/O function on OSC2/CLKO/RA6
010 = HS oscillator
001 = XT oscillator
000 = LP oscillator
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 15-2: CONFIGURATION WORD REGISTER 2 (ADDRESS 2008h)
U-1 U-1 U-1 U-1 U-1 U-1 U-1 R/P-1 U-1 U-1 U-1 U-1 R/P-1 R/P-1
BORSEN IESO FCMEN
bit 13 bit 0
bit 6 BORSEN: Brown-out Reset Software Enable bit
Refer to Configuration Word Register 1, bit 6 for the function of this bit.
bit 1 IESO: Internal External Switch Over bit
1 = Internal External Switch Over mode enabled
0 = Internal External Switch Over mode disabled
bit 0 FCMEN: Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit
1 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor enabled
0 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor disabled
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
15.2 Reset
The PIC16F7X7 differentiates between various kinds of
Reset:
Power-on Reset (POR)
MCLR Reset during normal operation
MCLR Reset during Sleep
WDT Reset during normal operation
WDT Wake-up during Sleep
Brown-out Reset (BOR)
Some registers are not affected in any Reset condition.
Their status is unknown on POR and unchanged in any
other Reset. Most other registers are reset to a Reset
state on Power-on Reset (POR), on the MCLR and
WDT Reset, on MCLR Reset during Sleep and Brown-
out Reset (BOR). They are not affected by a WDT
wake-up which is viewed as the resumption of normal
operation. The TO and PD bits are set or cleared differ-
ently in different Reset situations, as indicated in
Table 15-3. These bits are used in software to deter-
mine the nature of the Reset. Upon a POR, BOR or
wake-up from Sleep, the CPU requires approximately
5-10 s to become ready for code execution. This
delay runs in parallel with any other timers. See
Table 15-4 for a full description of Reset states of all
registers.
A simplified block diagram of the on-chip Reset circuit
is shown in Figure 15-1.
FIGURE 15-1: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT
S
R Q
External
Reset
MCLR/VPP/RE3 pin
VDD
OSC1/
WDT
Module
VDD Rise
Detect
OST/PWRT
INTRC
(1)
WDT
Time-out
Power-on Reset
OST
10-bit Ripple Counter
PWRT
Chip_Reset
11-bit Ripple Counter
Reset
Enable OST
Enable PWRT
Sleep
Brown-out
Detect
BORSEN
BOREN
CLKI pin
Note 1: This is the 32 kHz INTRC oscillator. See Section 4.0 Oscillator Configurations for more information.
PIC16F7X7
15.3 MCLR
PIC16F7X7 devices have a noise filter in the MCLR
Reset path. The filter will detect and ignore small
pulses.
It should be noted that a WDT Reset does not drive
MCLR pin low.
The behavior of the ESD protection on the MCLR pin
has been altered from previous devices of this family.
Voltages applied to the pin that exceed its specification
can result in both MCLR and excessive current beyond
the device specification during the ESD event. For this
reason, Microchip recommends that the MCLR pin no
longer be tied directly to VDD. The use of an
RC network, as shown in Figure 15-2, is suggested.
The MCLR/VPP/RE3 pin can be configured for MCLR
(default) or as an input pin (RE3). This is configured
through the MCLRE bit in Configuration Word
Register 1.
FIGURE 15-2: RECOMMENDED MCLR
CIRCUIT
15.4 Power-on Reset (POR)
A Power-on Reset pulse is generated on-chip when
VDD rise is detected (in the range of 1.2V-1.7V). To take
advantage of the POR, tie the MCLR pin to VDD, as
described in Section 15.3 MCLR. A maximum rise
time for VDD is specified. See Section 18.0 Electrical
Characteristics for details.
When the device starts normal operation (exits the
Reset condition), device operating parameters (volt-
age, frequency, temperature,...) must be met to ensure
operation. If these conditions are not met, the device
must be held in Reset until the operating conditions are
met. For more information, see Application Note
AN607, Power-up Trouble Shooting (DS00607).
15.5 Power-up Timer (PWRT)
The Power-up Timer (PWRT) of the PIC16F7X7 is a
counter that uses the INTRC oscillator as the clock
input. This yields a count of 72 ms. While the PWRT is
counting, the device is held in Reset.
The power-up time delay depends on the INTRC and
will vary from chip-to-chip due to temperature and
process variation. See DC parameter #33 for details.
The PWRT is enabled by clearing configuration bit
PWRTEN.
15.6 Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) provides 1024
oscillator cycles (from OSC1 input) delay after the
PWRT delay is over (if enabled). This helps to ensure
that the crystal oscillator or resonator has started and
stabilized.
The OST time-out is invoked only for XT, LP and HS
modes and only on Power-on Reset or wake-up from
Sleep.
15.7 Brown-out Reset (BOR)
Three configuration bits (BOREN Configuration Word
Register 1, bit 6; BORSEN Configuration Word Reg-
ister 2, bit 6; SBOREN PCON, bit 2) together disable
or enable the Brown-out Reset circuit in one of its three
operating modes.
If VDD falls below VBOR (defined by BORV<1:0> bits in
Configuration Word Register 1) for longer than TBOR
(parameter #35, about 100 s), the brown-out situation
will reset the device. If VDD falls below VBOR for less
than TBOR, a Reset may not occur.
Once the brown-out occurs, the device will remain in
Brown-out Reset until VDD rises above VBOR. The
Power-up Timer (if enabled) will keep the device in
Reset for TPWRT (parameter #33, about 72 ms). If VDD
should fall below VBOR during TPWRT, the Brown-out
Reset process will restart when VDD rises above VBOR
with the Power-up Timer Reset. Unlike previous PIC16
devices, the PWRT is no longer automatically enabled
when the Brown-out Reset circuit is enabled. The
PWRTEN and BOREN configuration bits are
independent of each other.
C1
0.1 F
R1
1 k (or greater)
(optional, not critical)
VDD
MCLR
PIC16F7X7
PIC16F7X7
15.8 Low-Voltage Detect
In many applications, the ability to determine if the
device voltage (VDD) is below a specified voltage level
is a desirable feature. A window of operation for the
application can be created, where the application soft-
ware can do housekeeping tasks before the device
voltage exits the valid operating range. This can be
done using the Low-Voltage Detect module.
This module is a software programmable circuitry,
where a device voltage trip point can be specified.
When the voltage of the device becomes lower then the
specified point, an interrupt flag is set. If the interrupt is
enabled, the program execution will branch to the inter-
rupt vector address and the software can then respond
to that interrupt source.
The Low-Voltage Detect circuitry is completely under
software control. This allows the circuitry to be turned
off by the software which minimizes the current
consumption for the device.
Figure 15-3 shows a possible application voltage curve
(typically for batteries). Over time, the device voltage
decreases. When the device voltage equals voltage VA,
the LVD logic generates an interrupt. This occurs at
time TA. The application software then has the time,
until the device voltage is no longer in valid operating
range, to shut down the system. Voltage point VB is the
minimum valid operating voltage specification. This
occurs at time TB. The difference, TB TA, is the total
time for shutdown.
The block diagram for the LVD module is shown in
Figure 15-4. A comparator uses an internally gener-
ated reference voltage as the set point. When the
selected tap output of the device voltage crosses the
set point (is lower than), the LVDIF bit is set.
Each node in the resistor divider represents a trip
point voltage. The trip point voltage is the minimum
supply voltage level at which the device can operate
before the LVD module asserts an interrupt. When the
supply voltage is equal to the trip point, the voltage
tapped off of the resistor array is equal to the 1.2V
internal reference voltage generated by the voltage ref-
erence module. The comparator then generates an
interrupt signal setting the LVDIF bit. This voltage is
software programmable to any one of 16 values (see
Figure 15-4). The trip point is selected by programming
the LVDL3:LVDL0 bits (LVDCON<3:0>).
FIGURE 15-3: TYPICAL LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT APPLICATION
Time
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
VA
VB
TA
TB
VA = LVD trip point
VB = Minimum valid device
operating voltage
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 15-4: LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT (LVD) BLOCK DIAGRAM
The LVD module has an additional feature that allows
the user to supply the sense voltage to the module
from an external source. This mode is enabled when
bits LVDL3:LVDL0 are set to 1111. In this state, the
comparator input is multiplexed from the external input
pin, LVDIN (Figure 15-5). This gives users flexibility
because it allows them to configure the Low-Voltage
Detect interrupt to occur at any voltage in the valid
operating range.
FIGURE 15-5: LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT (LVD) WITH EXTERNAL INPUT BLOCK DIAGRAM
LVDIF
VDD
1
6

t
o

1

M
U
X
LVDEN
LVD Control
Register
Internally Generated
Reference Voltage
LVDIN
1.2V
LVD
EN
LVD Control
1
6

t
o

1

M
U
X
BGAP
BODEN
LVDEN
VxEN
LVDIN
Register
VDD
VDD
Externally Generated
Trip Point
PIC16F7X7
15.9 Control Register
The Low-Voltage Detect Control register controls the
operation of the Low-Voltage Detect circuitry.
REGISTER 15-3: LVDCON REGISTER
U-0 U-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-1
IRVST LVDEN LVDL3 LVDL2 LVDL1 LVDL0
bit 7 bit 0
bit 5 IRVST: Internal Reference Voltage Stable Flag bit
1 = Indicates that the Low-Voltage Detect logic will generate the interrupt flag at the specified
voltage range
0 = Indicates that the Low-Voltage Detect logic will not generate the interrupt flag at the
specified voltage range and the LVD interrupt should not be enabled
bit 4 LVDEN: Low-Voltage Detect Power Enable bit
1 = Enables LVD, powers up LVD circuit
0 = Disables LVD, powers down LVD circuit
bit 3-0 LVDL3:LVDL0: Low-Voltage Detection Limit bits
1111 = External analog input is used (input comes from the LVDIN pin)
1110 = 4.50V-4.78V
1101 = 4.20V-4.46V
1100 = 4.00V-4.26V
1011 = 3.80V-4.04V
1010 = 3.60V-3.84V
1001 = 3.50V-3.72V
1000 = 3.30V-3.52V
0111 = 3.00V-3.20V
0110 = 2.80V-2.98V
0101 = 2.70V-2.86V
0100 = 2.50V-2.66V
0011 = 2.40V-2.55V
0010 = 2.20V-2.34V
0001 = Reserved
0000 = Reserved
Note: LVDL3:LVDL0 modes which result in a trip point below the valid operating voltage
of the device are not tested.
Legend:
PIC16F7X7
15.10 Operation
Depending on the power source for the device voltage,
the voltage normally decreases relatively slowly. This
means that the LVD module does not need to be con-
stantly operating. To decrease the current require-
ments, the LVD circuitry only needs to be enabled for
short periods where the voltage is checked. After doing
the check, the LVD module may be disabled.
Each time that the LVD module is enabled, the circuitry
requires some time to stabilize. After the circuitry has
stabilized, all status flags may be cleared. The module
will then indicate the proper state of the system.
The following steps are needed to set up the LVD
module:
1. Write the value to the LVDL3:LVDL0 bits
(LVDCON register) which selects the desired
LVD trip point.
2. Ensure that LVD interrupts are disabled (the
LVDIE bit is cleared or the GIE bit is cleared).
3. Enable the LVD module (set the LVDEN bit in
the LVDCON register).
4. Wait for the LVD module to stabilize (the IRVST
bit to become set).
5. Clear the LVD interrupt flag, which may have
falsely become set, until the LVD module has
stabilized (clear the LVDIF bit).
6. Enable the LVD interrupt (set the LVDIE and the
GIE bits).
Figure 15-6 shows typical waveforms that the LVD
module may be used to detect.
FIGURE 15-6: LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT WAVEFORMS
VLVD
VDD
LVDIF
VLVD
VDD
Enable LVD
Internally Generated TIVRST
LVDIF may not be set
Enable LVD
LVDIF
LVDIF cleared in software
LVDIF cleared in software
LVDIF cleared in software,
CASE 1:
CASE 2:
LVDIF remains set since LVD condition still exists
Reference Stable
Internally Generated
Reference Stable
TIVRST
PIC16F7X7
15.10.1 REFERENCE VOLTAGE SET POINT
The internal reference voltage of the LVD module may
be used by other internal circuitry (the Programmable
Brown-out Reset). If these circuits are disabled (lower
current consumption), the reference voltage circuit
requires a time to become stable before a low-voltage
condition can be reliably detected. This time is invariant
of system clock speed. This start-up time is specified in
electrical specification parameter #36. The low-voltage
interrupt flag will not be enabled until a stable reference
voltage is reached. Refer to the waveform in Figure 15-6.
15.10.2 CURRENT CONSUMPTION
When the module is enabled, the LVD comparator and
voltage divider are enabled and will consume static cur-
rent. The voltage divider can be tapped from multiple
places in the resistor array. Total current consumption,
when enabled, is specified in electrical specification
parameter #D022B.
15.11 Operation During Sleep
When enabled, the LVD circuitry continues to operate
during Sleep. If the device voltage crosses the trip
point, the LVDIF bit will be set and the device will wake-
up from Sleep. Device execution will continue from the
interrupt vector address if interrupts have been globally
enabled.
This forces the LVD module to be turned off.
15.13 Time-out Sequence
On power-up, the time-out sequence is as follows: the
PWRT delay starts (if enabled) when a POR occurs.
Then, OST starts counting 1024 oscillator cycles when
PWRT ends (LP, XT, HS). When the OST ends, the
device comes out of Reset.
If MCLR is kept low long enough, all delays will expire.
Bringing MCLR high will begin execution immediately.
This is useful for testing purposes or to synchronize
more than one PIC16F7X7 device operating in parallel.
Table 15-3 shows the Reset conditions for the Status,
PCON and PC registers, while Table 15-4 shows the
Reset conditions for all the registers.
15.14 Power Control/Status Register
(PCON)
The Power Control/Status register, PCON, has two bits
to indicate the type of Reset that last occurred.
Bit 0 is Brown-out Reset Status bit, BOR. Bit BOR is
unknown on a Power-on Reset. It must then be set by
the user and checked on subsequent Resets to see if
bit BOR cleared, indicating a Brown-out Reset
occurred. When the Brown-out Reset is disabled, the
state of the BOR bit is unpredictable.
Bit 1 is Power-on Reset Status bit, POR. It is cleared on
a Power-on Reset and unaffected otherwise. The user
must set this bit following a Power-on Reset.
Note: If the LVD is enabled and the BOR module
is not enabled, the band gap will require a
start-up time of no more than 50 s before
the band gap reference is stable. Before
enabling the LVD interrupt, the user
should ensure that the band gap reference
voltage is stable by monitoring the IRVST
bit in the LVDCON register. The LVD could
cause erroneous interrupts before the
band gap is stable.
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 15-1: TIME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS
TABLE 15-2: STATUS BITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
TABLE 15-3: RESET CONDITION FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS
Oscillator Configuration
Power-up Brown-out Reset
Wake-up from
Sleep
PWRTE = 0 PWRTE = 1 PWRTE = 0 PWRTE = 1
XT, HS, LP TPWRT +
1024 TOSC
1024 TOSC TPWRT +
1024 TOSC
1024 TOSC 1024 TOSC
EXTRC, INTRC TPWRT 5-10 s
(1)
TPWRT 5-10 s
(1)
5-10 s
(1)
T1OSC 5-10 s
(1)
Note 1: CPU start-up is always invoked on POR, BOR and wake-up from Sleep. The 5 s-10 s delay is based on
a 1 MHz system clock.
POR BOR TO PD
0 x 1 1 Power-on Reset
0 x 0 x Illegal, TO is set on POR
0 x x 0 Illegal, PD is set on POR
1 0 1 1 Brown-out Reset
1 1 0 1 WDT Reset
1 1 0 0 WDT Wake-up
1 1 u u MCLR Reset during normal operation
1 1 1 0 MCLR Reset during Sleep or Interrupt Wake-up from Sleep
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown
Condition
Program
Counter
Status
Register
PCON
Register
Power-on Reset 000h 0001 1xxx ---- --0x
MCLR Reset during normal operation 000h 000u uuuu ---- --uu
MCLR Reset during Sleep 000h 0001 0uuu ---- --uu
WDT Reset 000h 0000 1uuu ---- --uu
WDT Wake-up PC + 1 uuu0 0uuu ---- --uu
Brown-out Reset 000h 0001 1uuu ---- --u0
Interrupt Wake-up from Sleep PC + 1
(1)
uuu1 0uuu ---- --uu
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as 0
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0004h).
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 15-4: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS
Register
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
MCLR Reset,
WDT Reset
Wake-up via WDT or
Interrupt
W xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
INDF N/A N/A N/A
TMR0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PCL 0000h 0000h PC + 1
(2)
STATUS 0001 1xxx 000q quuu
(3)
uuuq quuu
(3)
FSR xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTA xx0x 0000 uu0u 0000 uuuu uuuu
PORTB xx00 0000 uu00 0000 uuuu uuuu
PORTC xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTD xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTE (PIC16F737/767)
PORTE (PIC16F747/777)
---- x---
---- x000
---- u---
---- u000
---- u---
---- uuuu
PCLATH ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
INTCON 0000 000x 0000 000u uuuu uuuu
(1)
PIR1 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
(1)
PIR2 000- 0-00 000- 0-00 uuu- u-uu
TMR1L xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TMR1H xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
T1CON -000 0000 -uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu
TMR2 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
T2CON -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu
SSPBUF xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
SSPCON 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
SSPCON2 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
CCPR1L xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCPR1H xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCP1CON --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu
CCP2CON --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu
CCP3CON --00 0000 --00 0000 uuuu uuuu
RCSTA 0000 000x 0000 000x uuuu uuuu
TXREG 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
RCREG 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ADRESH xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
ADCON0 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
OPTION 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as 0, q = value depends on condition,
r = reserved, maintain clear
Note 1: One or more bits in INTCON, PIR1 and PR2 will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0004h).
3: See Table 15-3 for Reset value for specific condition.
PIC16F7X7
TRISA 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISB 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISC 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISD 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISE (PIC16F737/767)
TRISE (PIC16F747/777)
---- 1---
0000 1111
---- u---
0000 1111
---- 1---
uuuu uuuu
PIE1 0000 0000 0000 0000 -uuu uuuu
PIE2 000- 0-00 000- 0-00 uuu- u-uu
PCON ---- -1qq ---- -uuu ---- -uuu
OSCCON -000 1000 -000 1000 -uuu uuuu
OSCTUNE --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu
PR2 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111
SSPADD 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
SSPSTAT 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
TXSTA 0000 -010 0000 -010 uuuu -u1u
SPBRG 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
CMCON 0000 0111 0000 0111 uuuu uuuu
CVRCON 000- 0000 000- 0000 uuu- uuuu
WDTCON ---0 1000 ---0 1000 ---u uuuu
ADRESL xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
ADCON1 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ADCON2 --00 0--- --00 0--- uuuu uuuu
PMDATA xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PMADR xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PMDATH --xx xxxx --uu uuuu --uu uuuu
PMADRH ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu
PMCON1 ---- ---0 ---- ---u ---- ---u
LVDCON --00 0101 --00 0101 --uu uuuu
TABLE 15-4: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Register
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
MCLR Reset,
WDT Reset
Wake-up via WDT or
Interrupt
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as 0, q = value depends on condition,
r = reserved, maintain clear
Note 1: One or more bits in INTCON, PIR1 and PR2 will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0004h).
3: See Table 15-3 for Reset value for specific condition.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 15-7: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD THROUGH
PULL-UP RESISTOR)
RC NETWORK): CASE 1
RC NETWORK): CASE 2
TPWRT
TOST
VDD
MCLR
Internal POR
PWRT Time-out
OST Time-out
Internal Reset
TPWRT
TOST
VDD
MCLR
Internal POR
PWRT Time-out
OST Time-out
Internal Reset
VDD
MCLR
Internal POR
PWRT Time-out
OST Time-out
Internal Reset
TPWRT
TOST
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 15-10: SLOW RISE TIME (MCLR TIED TO VDD THROUGH RC NETWORK)
VDD
MCLR
Internal POR
PWRT Time-out
OST Time-out
Internal Reset
0V 1V
5V
TPWRT
TOST
PIC16F7X7
15.15 Interrupts
The PIC16F7X7 has up to 17 sources of interrupt. The
Interrupt Control register (INTCON) records individual
interrupt requests in flag bits. It also has individual and
global interrupt enable bits.
A global interrupt enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>),
enables (if set) all unmasked interrupts or disables (if
cleared) all interrupts. When bit GIE is enabled and an
interrupts flag bit and mask bit are set, the interrupt will
vector immediately. Individual interrupts can be
disabled through their corresponding enable bits in
various registers. Individual interrupt bits are set
regardless of the status of the GIE bit. The GIE bit is
cleared on Reset.
The return from interrupt instruction, RETFIE, exits
the interrupt routine, as well as sets the GIE bit which
re-enables interrupts.
The RB0/INT pin interrupt, the RB port change interrupt
and the TMR0 overflow interrupt flags are contained in
the INTCON register.
The peripheral interrupt flags are contained in the
Special Function Register, PIR1. The corresponding
interrupt enable bits are contained in Special Function
Register, PIE1 and the peripheral interrupt enable bit is
contained in Special Function Register, INTCON.
When an interrupt is serviced, the GIE bit is cleared to
disable any further interrupt, the return address is
pushed onto the stack and the PC is loaded with 0004h.
Once in the Interrupt Service Routine, the source(s) of
the interrupt can be determined by polling the interrupt
flag bits. The interrupt flag bit(s) must be cleared in soft-
ware before re-enabling interrupts to avoid recursive
interrupts.
For external interrupt events, such as the INT pin or
PORTB change interrupt, the interrupt latency will be
three or four instruction cycles. The exact latency
depends on when the interrupt event occurs relative to
the current Q cycle. The latency is the same for one or
two-cycle instructions. Individual interrupt flag bits are
set regardless of the status of their corresponding
mask bit, PEIE bit or the GIE bit.
FIGURE 15-11: INTERRUPT LOGIC
Note: Individual interrupt flag bits are set regard-
less of the status of their corresponding
mask bit or the GIE bit.
OSFIF
OSFIE
ADIF
ADIE
RCIF
RCIE
TXIF
TXIE
SSPIF
SSPIE
TMR2IF
TMR2IE
TMR1IF
TMR1IE
TMR0IF
TMR0IE
INTF
INTE
RBIF
RBIE
GIE
PEIE
Wake-up (If in Sleep mode)
Interrupt to CPU
PSPIF
(1)
PSPIE
(1)
CCP1IF
CCP1IE
CMIE
CMIF
BCLIF
BCLIE
CCP3IF
CCP3IE
CCP2IF
CCP2IE
Note 1: PSP interrupt is implemented only on PIC16F747/777 devices.
PIC16F7X7
15.15.1 INT INTERRUPT
External interrupt on the RB0/INT pin is edge-triggered,
either rising if bit INTEDG (OPTION<6>) is set or falling
if the INTEDG bit is clear. When a valid edge appears
on the RB0/INT pin, flag bit INTF (INTCON<1>) is set.
This interrupt can be disabled by clearing enable bit,
INTE (INTCON<4>). Flag bit INTF must be cleared in
software in the Interrupt Service Routine before re-
enabling this interrupt. The INT interrupt can wake-up
the processor from Sleep if bit INTE was set prior to
going into Sleep. The status of global interrupt enable
bit, GIE, decides whether or not the processor
branches to the interrupt vector following wake-up. See
Section 15.18 Power-down Mode (Sleep) for
details on Sleep mode.
15.15.2 TMR0 INTERRUPT
An overflow (FFh 00h) in the TMR0 register will set
flag bit, TMR0IF (INTCON<2>). The interrupt can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit,
TMR0IE (INTCON<5>), see Section 6.0 Timer0
Module.
15.15.3 PORTB INTCON CHANGE
An input change on PORTB<7:4> sets flag bit, RBIF
(INTCON<0>). The interrupt can be enabled/disabled
by setting/clearing enable bit, RBIE (INTCON<4>), see
Section 2.2 Data Memory Organization.
15.16 Context Saving During Interrupts
During an interrupt, only the return PC value is saved
on the stack. Typically, users may wish to save key
registers during an interrupt (i.e., W, Status registers).
Since the upper 16 bytes of each bank are common in
the PIC16F7X7 devices, temporary holding registers
W_TEMP, STATUS_TEMP and PCLATH_TEMP
should be placed in here. These 16 locations dont
require banking and therefore, make it easier for con-
text save and restore. The same code shown in
Example 15-1 can be used.
EXAMPLE 15-1: SAVING STATUS AND W REGISTERS IN RAM
MOVWF W_TEMP ;Copy W to TEMP register
SWAPF STATUS, W ;Swap status to be saved into W
CLRF STATUS ;bank 0, regardless of current bank, Clears IRP,RP1,RP0
MOVWF STATUS_TEMP ;Save status to bank zero STATUS_TEMP register
:
:(ISR) ;Insert user code here
:
SWAPF STATUS_TEMP, W ;Swap STATUS_TEMP register into W
;(sets bank to original state)
MOVWF STATUS ;Move W into STATUS register
SWAPF W_TEMP, F ;Swap W_TEMP
SWAPF W_TEMP, W ;Swap W_TEMP into W
PIC16F7X7
15.17 Watchdog Timer (WDT)
For PIC16F7X7 devices, the WDT has been modified
from previous PIC16 devices. The new WDT is code
and functionally backward compatible with previous
PIC16 WDT modules, and allows the user to have a
scaler value for the WDT and TMR0 at the same time.
In addition, the WDT time-out value can be extended to
268 seconds, using the prescaler with the postscaler
when PSA is set to 1.
15.17.1 WDT OSCILLATOR
The WDT derives its time base from the 31.25 kHz
INTRC; therefore, the accuracy of the 31.25 kHz will be
the same accuracy for the WDT time-out period.
The value of WDTCON is ---0 1000 on all Resets.
This gives a nominal time base of 16.38 ms, which is
compatible with the time base generated with previous
PIC16 microcontroller versions.
A new prescaler has been added to the path between
the internal RC and the multiplexors used to select the
path for the WDT. This prescaler is 16 bits and can be
programmed to divide the internal RC by 128 to 65536,
giving the time base used for the WDT a nominal range
of 1 ms to 2.097s.
15.17.2 WDT CONTROL
The WDTEN bit is located in Configuration Word
Register 1 and when this bit is set, the WDT runs
continuously.
The SWDTEN bit is in the WDTCON register. When the
WDTEN bit in the Configuration Word Register 1 is set,
the SWDTEN bit has no effect. If WDTEN is clear, then
the SWDTEN bit can be used to enable and disable the
WDT. Setting the bit will enable it and clearing the bit
will disable it.
The PSA and PS<2:0> bits (OPTION_REG) have the
same function as in previous versions of the PIC16
family of microcontrollers.
FIGURE 15-12: WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM
Note: When the OST is invoked, the WDT is held
in Reset because the WDT ripple counter
is used by the OST to perform the oscilla-
tor delay count. When the OST count has
expired, the WDT will begin counting (if
enabled).
TABLE 15-5: PRESCALER/POSTSCALER BIT STATUS
Conditions Prescaler Postscaler (PSA = 1)
WDTEN = 0
Cleared Cleared
CLRWDT command
Osc Fail detected
Exit Sleep + System Clock = T1OSC, EXTRC, INTRC, EXTCLK
Exit Sleep + System Clock = XT, HS, LP Cleared at end of OST Cleared at end of OST
31.25 kHz
PSA
16-bit Programmable Prescaler WDT
From TMR0 Clock Source
Postscaler
8
PS<2:0>
PSA
WDT Time-out
TO TMR0
WDTPS<3:0>
WDTEN from Configuration Word
1
1 0
0
SWDTEN from WDTCON
INTRC Clock
PIC16F7X7
REGISTER 15-4: WDTCON REGISTER
TABLE 15-6: SUMMARY OF WATCHDOG TIMER REGISTERS
U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
WDTPS3 WDTPS2 WDTPS1 WDTPS0 SWDTEN
bit 7 bit 0
bit 4-1 WDTPS<3:0>: Watchdog Timer Period Select bits
0000 = 1:32 prescale rate
bit 0 SWDTEN: Software Enable/Disable for Watchdog Timer bit
(1)

1 = WDT is turned on
0 = WDT is turned off
Note 1: If WDTEN configuration bit = 1, then WDT is always enabled irrespective of this
control bit. If WDTEN configuration bit = 0, then it is possible to turn WDT on/off with
this control bit.

Legend:
Value on
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
Resets
81h, 181h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111
2007h Configuration
bits
BORV0 BOREN MCLRE FOSC2 PWRTEN WDTEN FOSC1 FOSC0 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
105h WDTCON WDTPS3 WDTPS2 WSTPS1 WDTPS0 SWDTEN ---0 1000 ---0 1000
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the Watchdog Timer.
Note 1: See Register 15-1 for operation of these bits.
PIC16F7X7
15.17.3 TWO-SPEED CLOCK START-UP
MODE
Two-Speed Start-up minimizes the latency between
oscillator start-up and code execution that may be
selected with the IESO (Internal/External Switch Over)
bit in Configuration Word Register 2. This mode is
achieved by initially using the INTRC for code
execution until the primary oscillator is stable.
If this mode is enabled and any of the following condi-
tions exist, the system will begin execution with the
INTRC oscillator. This results in almost immediate
code execution with a minimum of delay.
POR and after the Power-up Timer has expired (if
PWRTEN = 0)
or following a wake-up from Sleep
or a Reset, when running from T1OSC or INTRC
(after a Reset, SCS<1:0> are always set to 00).
If the primary oscillator is configured to be anything
other than XT, LP or HS, then Two-Speed Start-up is
disabled because the primary oscillator will not require
any time to become stable after POR or an exit from
Sleep.
If the IRCF bits of the OSCCON register are configured
to a non-zero value prior to entering Sleep mode, the
secondary system clock frequency will come from the
output of the INTOSC. The IOFS bit in the OSCCON
register will be clear until the INTOSC is stable. This
will allow the user to determine when the internal
oscillator can be used for time critical applications.
Checking the state of the OSTS bit will confirm
whether the primary clock configuration is engaged. If
not, the OSTS bit will remain clear.
When the device is auto-configured in INTRC mode
following a POR or wake-up from Sleep, the rules for
entering other oscillator modes still apply, meaning the
SCS<1:0> bits in OSCCON can be modified before the
OST time-out has occurred. This would allow the
application to wake-up from Sleep, perform a few
instructions using the INTRC as the clock source and
go back to Sleep without waiting for the primary
oscillator to become stable.
15.17.3.1 Two-Speed Start-up Sequence
1. Wake-up from Sleep, Reset or POR.
2. OSCON bits configured to run from INTRC
(31.25 kHz).
3. Instructions begin execution by INTRC
(31.25 kHz).
4. OST enabled to count 1024 clock cycles.
5. OST timed out, wait for falling edge of INTRC.
6. OSTS is set.
7. System clock held low for eight falling edges of
new clock (LP, XT or HS).
8. System clock is switched to primary source (LP,
XT or HS).
The software may read the OSTS bit to determine
when the switch over takes place so that any software
timing edges can be adjusted.
FIGURE 15-13: TWO-SPEED START-UP
Note: Following any Reset, the IRCF bits are
zeroed and the frequency selection is
forced to 31.25 kHz. The user can modify
the IRCF bits to select a higher internal
oscillator frequency.
Note: Executing a SLEEP instruction will abort
the oscillator start-up time and will cause
the OSTS bit to remain clear.
Q4 Q1 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
OSC1
Sleep
Program
PC 0000h
INTRC
TOST
Q3 Q4
OSC2
OSTS
System Clock
0001h
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Counter
0004h 0005h 0003h
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
CPU Start-up
PIC16F7X7
15.17.4 FAIL-SAFE OPTION
The Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) is designed to
allow the device to continue to operate even in the
event of an oscillator failure.
FIGURE 15-14: FSCM BLOCK DIAGRAM
The FSCM function is enabled by setting the FCMEN
bit in Configuration Word Register 2.
In the event of an oscillator failure, the FSCM will
generate an oscillator fail interrupt and will switch the
system clock over to the internal oscillator. The system
will continue to come from the internal oscillator until
the Fail-Safe condition is exited. The Fail-Safe
condition is exited with either a Reset, the execution of
a SLEEP instruction or a write to the SCS bits of a
different value.
The frequency of the internal oscillator will depend
upon the value contained in the IRCF bits. Another
clock source can be selected via the IRCF and the
SCS bits of the OSCCON register.
The FSCM sample clock is generated by dividing the
INTRC clock by 64. This will allow enough time
between FSCM sample clocks for a system clock edge
to occur.
On the rising edge of the postscaled clock, the
monitoring latch (CM = 0) will be cleared. On a falling
edge of the primary or secondary system clock, the
monitoring latch will be set (CM = 1). In the event that
a falling edge of the postscaled clock occurs and the
monitoring latch is not set, a clock failure has been
detected.
While in Fail-Safe mode, a Reset will exit the Fail-Safe
condition. If the primary clock source is configured for
a crystal, the OST timer will wait for the 1024 clock
cycles for the OST time-out and the device will con-
tinue running from the internal oscillator until the OST
is complete. A SLEEP instruction, or a write to the SCS
bits (where SCS bits do not = 00), can be performed to
put the device into a low-power mode.
If Reset occurs while in Fail-Safe mode and the
primary clock source is EC or RC, then the device will
immediately switch back to EC or RC mode.
15.17.4.1 Fail-Safe in Low-Power Mode
A change of SCS<1:0> or the SLEEP instruction will
end the Fail-Safe condition. The system clock will
default to the source selected by the SCS bits, which
is either T1OSC, INTRC or none (Sleep mode). How-
ever, the FSCM will continue to monitor the system
clock. If the secondary clock fails, the device will
immediately switch to the internal oscillator clock. If
OSFIE is set, an interrupt will be generated.
FIGURE 15-15: FSCM TIMING DIAGRAM
Peripheral
INTRC
64
S
C
Q
31.25 kHz
(32 s)
488 Hz
(2.048 ms)
Clock Monitor
Latch (CM)
(edge-triggered)
Clock
Failure
Detected
Oscillator
Clock
Q
Note: Two-Speed Start-up is automatically
enabled when the Fail-Safe option is
enabled.
OSCFIF
CM Output
System
Clock
Output
Sample Clock
Failure
Detected
Oscillator
Failure
Note: The system clock is normally at a much higher frequency than the sample clock. The relative frequencies in
this example have been chosen for clarity.
(Q)
CM Test CM Test CM Test
PIC16F7X7
15.17.4.2 FSCM and the Watchdog Timer
When a clock failure is detected, SCS<1:0> will be
forced to 10 which will reset the WDT (if enabled).
15.17.4.3 POR or Wake from Sleep
The FSCM is designed to detect oscillator failure at any
point after the device has exited Power-on Reset
(POR) or low-power Sleep mode. When the primary
system clock is EC, RC or INTRC modes, monitoring
can begin immediately following these events.
For oscillator modes involving a crystal or resonator
(HS, LP or XT), the situation is somewhat different.
Since the oscillator may require a start-up time consid-
erably longer than the FSCM sample clock time, a false
clock failure may be detected. To prevent this, the inter-
nal oscillator block is automatically configured as the
system clock and functions until the primary clock is
stable (the OST and PLL timers have timed out). This
is identical to Two-Speed Start-up mode. Once the
primary clock is stable, the INTR returns to its role as
the FSCM source.
15.18 Power-down Mode (Sleep)
Power-down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP
instruction.
If enabled, the Watchdog Timer will be cleared but
keeps running, the PD bit (Status<3>) is cleared, the
TO (Status<4>) bit is set and the oscillator driver is
turned off. The I/O ports maintain the status they had
before the SLEEP instruction was executed (driving
high, low or high-impedance).
For lowest current consumption in this mode, place all
I/O pins at either VDD or VSS, ensure no external cir-
cuitry is drawing current from the I/O pin, power-down
the A/D and disable external clocks. Pull all I/O pins
that are high-impedance inputs, high or low externally,
to avoid switching currents caused by floating inputs.
The T0CKI input should also be at VDD or VSS for low-
est current consumption. The contribution from on-chip
pull-ups on PORTB should also be considered.
The MCLR pin must be at a logic high level (VIHMC).
15.18.1 WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP
The device can wake-up from Sleep through one of the
following events:
1. External Reset input on MCLR pin.
2. Watchdog Timer wake-up (if WDT was
enabled).
3. Interrupt from INT pin, RB port change or a
peripheral interrupt.
External MCLR Reset will cause a device Reset. All
other events are considered a continuation of program
execution and cause a wake-up. The TO and PD bits
in the Status register can be used to determine the
cause of the device Reset. The PD bit, which is set on
power-up, is cleared when Sleep is invoked. The TO bit
is cleared if a WDT time-out occurred and caused
wake-up.
The following peripheral interrupts can wake the device
from Sleep:
1. TMR1 interrupt. Timer1 must be operating as an
asynchronous counter.
2. CCP Capture mode interrupt.
3. Special event trigger (Timer1 in Asynchronous
mode using an external clock).
4. SSP (Start/Stop) bit detect interrupt.
5. SSP transmit or receive in Slave mode (SPI/I
2
C).
6. A/D conversion (when A/D clock source is RC).
7. EEPROM write operation completion.
8. Comparator output changes state.
9. USART RX or TX (Synchronous Slave mode).
Other peripherals cannot generate interrupts since
during Sleep, no on-chip clocks are present.
When the SLEEP instruction is being executed, the next
instruction (PC + 1) is prefetched. For the device to
wake-up through an interrupt event, the corresponding
interrupt enable bit must be set (enabled). Wake-up
occurs regardless of the state of the GIE bit. If the GIE
bit is clear (disabled), the device continues execution at
the instruction after the SLEEP instruction. If the GIE bit
is set (enabled), the device executes the instruction
after the SLEEP instruction and then branches to the
interrupt address (0004h). In cases where the execu-
tion of the instruction following SLEEP is not desirable,
the user should have a NOP after the SLEEP instruction.
Note: The same logic that prevents false oscilla-
tor failure interrupts on POR or wake from
Sleep, will also prevent the detection of
the oscillators failure to start at all follow-
ing these events. This can be avoided by
monitoring the OSTS bit and using a
timing routine to determine if the oscillator
is taking too long to start. Even so, no
oscillator failure interrupt will be flagged.
PIC16F7X7
15.18.2 WAKE-UP USING INTERRUPTS
When global interrupts are disabled (GIE cleared) and
any interrupt source has both its interrupt enable bit
and interrupt flag bit set, one of the following will occur:
If the interrupt occurs before the execution of a
SLEEP instruction, the SLEEP instruction will com-
plete as a NOP. Therefore, the WDT and WDT
prescaler and postscaler (if enabled) will not be
cleared, the TO bit will not be set and the PD bit
will not be cleared.
If the interrupt occurs during or after the
execution of a SLEEP instruction, the device will
immediately wake-up from Sleep. The SLEEP
instruction will be completely executed before the
wake-up. Therefore, the WDT and WDT prescaler
and postscaler (if enabled) will be cleared, the TO
bit will be set and the PD bit will be cleared.
Even if the flag bits were checked before executing a
SLEEP instruction, it may be possible for flag bits to
become set before the SLEEP instruction completes. To
determine whether a SLEEP instruction executed, test
the PD bit. If the PD bit is set, the SLEEP instruction
was executed as a NOP.
To ensure that the WDT is cleared, a CLRWDT instruction
should be executed before a SLEEP instruction.
FIGURE 15-16: WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP THROUGH INTERRUPT
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
OSC1
CLKO
(4)
INT pin
INTF Flag
(INTCON<1>)
GIE bit
(INTCON<7>)
INSTRUCTION FLOW
PC
Instruction
Fetched
Instruction
Executed
PC PC+1 PC+2
Inst(PC) = Sleep
Inst(PC - 1)
Inst(PC + 1)
Sleep
Processor in
Sleep
Interrupt Latency
(Note 2)
Inst(PC + 2)
Inst(PC + 1)
Inst(0004h) Inst(0005h)
Inst(0004h)
Dummy Cycle
PC + 2 0004h 0005h
Dummy Cycle
TOST
(2)
PC+2
Note 1: XT, HS or LP Oscillator mode assumed.
2: TOST = 1024 TOSC (drawing not to scale). This delay will not be there for RC Osc mode.
3: GIE = 1 assumed. In this case, after wake-up, the processor jumps to the interrupt routine.
If GIE = 0, execution will continue in-line.
4: CLKO is not available in these osc modes but shown here for timing reference.
PIC16F7X7
15.19 In-Circuit Debugger
When the DEBUG bit in the Configuration Word is pro-
grammed to a 0, the in-circuit debugger functionality is
enabled. This function allows simple debugging
functions when used with MPLAB
ICD. When the

microcontroller has this feature enabled, some of the
resources are not available for general use. Table 15-7
shows which features are consumed by the background
debugger.
TABLE 15-7: DEBUGGER RESOURCES
To use the in-circuit debugger function of the micro-
controller, the design must implement In-Circuit Serial
Programming connections to MCLR/VPP, VDD, GND,
RB7 and RB6. This will interface to the in-circuit
debugger module available from Microchip, or one of
the third party development tool companies.
15.20 Program Verification/Code
Protection
If the code protection bit(s) have not been
programmed, the on-chip program memory can be
read out for verification purposes.
15.21 ID Locations
Four memory locations (2000h-2003h) are designated
as ID locations, where the user can store checksum or
other code identification numbers. These locations are
not accessible during normal execution, but are
readable and writable during program/verify. It is
recommended that only the four Least Significant bits
of the ID location are used.
15.22 In-Circuit Serial Programming
PIC16F7X7 microcontrollers can be serially
programmed while in the end application circuit. This is
simply done with two lines for clock and data and three
other lines for power, ground and the programming
voltage (see Figure 15-17 for an example). This allows
customers to manufacture boards with unprogrammed
devices and then program the microcontroller just
before shipping the product. This also allows the most
recent firmware or a custom firmware to be
programmed.
For general information of serial programming, please
refer to the In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP)
Guide (DS30277).
FIGURE 15-17: TYPICAL IN-CIRCUIT
SERIAL PROGRAMMING
CONNECTION
I/O pins RB6, RB7
Stack 1 level
Program Memory Address 0000h must be NOP
Last 100h words
Data Memory 0x070 (0x0F0, 0x170, 0x1F0)
0x1EB-0x1EF
External
Connector
Signals
To Normal
Connections
To Normal
Connections
PIC16F7X7
VDD
VSS
MCLR/VPP/RE3
RB6
RB7
+5V
0V
VPP
CLK
Data I/O
VDD
* * *
*
* Isolation devices (as required).
PIC16F7X7
16.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
The PIC16 instruction set is highly orthogonal and is
comprised of three basic categories:
Byte-oriented operations
Bit-oriented operations
Literal and control operations
Each PIC16 instruction is a 14-bit word divided into an
opcode, which specifies the instruction type and one or
more operands, which further specify the operation of
the instruction. The formats for each of the categories
are presented in Figure 16-1, while the various opcode
fields are summarized in Table 16-1.
Table 13-2 lists the instructions recognized by the
MPASM
TM
Assembler. A complete description of each
instruction is also available in the PICmicro
Mid-Range
MCU Family Reference Manual (DS33023).
For byte-oriented instructions, f represents a file
register designator and d represents a destination
designator. The file register designator specifies which
file register is to be used by the instruction.
The destination designator specifies where the result of
the operation is to be placed. If d is zero, the result is
placed in the W register. If d is one, the result is placed
in the file register specified in the instruction.
For bit-oriented instructions, b represents a bit field
designator which selects the bit affected by the opera-
tion, while f represents the address of the file in which
the bit is located.
For literal and control operations, k represents an
eight or eleven-bit constant or literal value
One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods;
for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, this gives a normal
instruction execution time of 1 s. All instructions are
executed within a single instruction cycle, unless a
conditional test is true, or the program counter is
changed as a result of an instruction. When this occurs,
the execution takes two instruction cycles, with the
second cycle executed as a NOP.
All instruction examples use the format 0xhh to
represent a hexadecimal number, where h signifies a
hexadecimal digit.
16.1 Read-Modify-Write Operations
Any instruction that specifies a file register as part of
the instruction performs a Read-Modify-Write (R-M-W)
operation. The register is read, the data is modified,
and the result is stored according to either the instruc-
tion, or the destination designator d. A read operation
is performed on a register even if the instruction writes
to that register.
For example, a CLRF PORTB instruction will read
PORTB, clear all the data bits, then write the result
back to PORTB. This example would have the unin-
tended result that the condition that sets the RBIF flag
would be cleared for pins configured as inputs and
using the PORTB interrupt-on-change feature.
TABLE 16-1: OPCODE FIELD
DESCRIPTIONS
FIGURE 16-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR
INSTRUCTIONS
Note: To maintain upward compatibility with
future PIC16F7X7 products, do not use
the OPTION and TRIS instructions.
Field Description
f Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F)
W Working register (accumulator)
b Bit address within an 8-bit file register
k Literal field, constant data or label
x Dont care location (= 0 or 1).
The assembler will generate code with x = 0.
It is the recommended form of use for
compatibility with all Microchip software tools.
d Destination select; d = 0: store result in W,
d = 1: store result in file register f.
Default is d = 1.
PC Program Counter
TO Time-out bit
PD Power-down bit
Byte-oriented file register operations
13 8 7 6 0
d = 0 for destination W
OPCODE d f (FILE #)
d = 1 for destination f
f = 7-bit file register address
Bit-oriented file register operations
13 10 9 7 6 0
OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #)
b = 3-bit bit address
f = 7-bit file register address
Literal and control operations
13 8 7 0
OPCODE k (literal)
k = 8-bit immediate value
13 11 10 0
OPCODE k (literal)
k = 11-bit immediate value
General
CALL and GOTO instructions only
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 16-2: PIC16F7X7 INSTRUCTION SET
Mnemonic,
Operands
Description Cycles
14-Bit Opcode
Status
Affected
Notes
MSb LSb
BYTE-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS
ADDWF
ANDWF
CLRF
CLRW
COMF
DECF
DECFSZ
INCF
INCFSZ
IORWF
MOVF
MOVWF
NOP
RLF
RRF
SUBWF
SWAPF
XORWF
f, d
f, d
f
-
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f
-
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
Add W and f
AND W with f
Clear f
Clear W
Complement f
Decrement f
Decrement f, Skip if 0
Increment f
Increment f, Skip if 0
Inclusive OR W with f
Move f
Move W to f
No Operation
Rotate Left f through Carry
Rotate Right f through Carry
Subtract W from f
Swap nibbles in f
Exclusive OR W with f
1
1
1
1
1
1
1(2)
1
1(2)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0111
0101
0001
0001
1001
0011
1011
1010
1111
0100
1000
0000
0000
1101
1100
0010
1110
0110
dfff
dfff
lfff
0xxx
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
lfff
0xx0
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
ffff
ffff
ffff
xxxx
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
0000
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
C, DC, Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
C
C
C, DC, Z
Z
1, 2
1, 2
2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2, 3
1, 2
1, 2, 3
1, 2
1, 2
1,2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS
BCF
BSF
BTFSC
BTFSS
f, b
f, b
f, b
f, b
Bit Clear f
Bit Set f
Bit Test f, Skip if Clear
Bit Test f, Skip if Set
1
1
1 (2)
1 (2)
01
01
01
01
00bb
01bb
10bb
11bb
bfff
bfff
bfff
bfff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
1, 2
1, 2
3
3
LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS
ADDLW
ANDLW
CALL
CLRWDT
GOTO
IORLW
MOVLW
RETFIE
RETLW
RETURN
SLEEP
SUBLW
XORLW
k
k
k
-
k
k
k
-
k
-
-
k
k
Add literal and W
AND literal with W
Call subroutine
Clear Watchdog Timer
Go to address
Inclusive OR literal with W
Move literal to W
Return from interrupt
Return with literal in W
Return from Subroutine
Go into Standby mode
Subtract W from literal
Exclusive OR literal with W
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
11
11
10
00
10
11
11
00
11
00
00
11
11
111x
1001
0kkk
0000
1kkk
1000
00xx
0000
01xx
0000
0000
110x
1010
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
0110
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
0000
kkkk
0000
0110
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
0100
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
1001
kkkk
1000
0011
kkkk
kkkk
C, DC, Z
Z
TO, PD
Z
TO, PD
C, DC, Z
Z
Note 1: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself ( e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1), the value used will be that value
present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is 1 for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an
external device, the data will be written back with a 0.
2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if
assigned to the Timer0 module.
3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second cycle is
executed as a NOP.
Note: Additional information on the mid-range instruction set is available in the PICmicro
Mid-Range MCU
Family Reference Manual (DS33023).
PIC16F7X7
16.2 Instruction Descriptions
ADDLW Add Literal and W
Syntax: [ label ] ADDLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: (W) + k (W)
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
Description: The contents of the W register
are added to the eight-bit literal k
and the result is placed in the W
register.
ADDWF Add W and f
Syntax: [ label ] ADDWF f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: (W) + (f) (destination)
Description: Add the contents of the W register
with register f. If d is 0, the
result is stored in the W register. If
d is 1, the result is stored back
in register f.
ANDLW AND Literal with W
Syntax: [ label ] ANDLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: (W) .AND. (k) (W)
Status Affected: Z
Description: The contents of W register are
ANDed with the eight-bit literal
k. The result is placed in the W
register.
ANDWF AND W with f
Syntax: [ label ] ANDWF f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: (W) .AND. (f) (destination)
Status Affected: Z
Description: AND the W register with register
f. If d is 0, the result is stored in
the W register. If d is 1, the
result is stored back in register f.
BCF Bit Clear f
Syntax: [ label ] BCF f,b
Operands: 0 f 127
0 b 7
Operation: 0 (f<b>)
Status Affected: None
Description: Bit b in register f is cleared.
BSF Bit Set f
Syntax: [ label ] BSF f,b
Operands: 0 f 127
0 b 7
Operation: 1 (f<b>)
Description: Bit b in register f is set.
BTFSS Bit Test f, Skip if Set
Syntax: [ label ] BTFSS f,b
Operands: 0 f 127
0 b < 7
Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 1
Description: If bit b in register f is 0, the next
instruction is executed.
If bit b is 1, then the next
instruction is discarded and a NOP
is executed instead, making this a
2 TCY instruction.
BTFSC Bit Test, Skip if Clear
Syntax: [ label ] BTFSC f,b
Operands: 0 f 127
0 b 7
Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 0
Description: If bit b in register f is 1, the next
instruction is executed.
If bit b in register f is 0, the next
instruction is discarded and a NOP
is executed instead, making this a
2 TCY instruction.
PIC16F7X7
CALL Call Subroutine
Syntax: [ label ] CALL k
Operands: 0 k 2047
Operation: (PC)+ 1 TOS,
k PC<10:0>,
(PCLATH<4:3>) PC<12:11>
Description: Call Subroutine. First, return
address (PC+1) is pushed onto
the stack. The eleven-bit
immediate address is loaded into
PC bits<10:0>. The upper bits of
the PC are loaded from PCLATH.
CALL is a two-cycle instruction.
CLRF Clear f
Syntax: [ label ] CLRF f
Operands: 0 f 127
Operation: 00h (f)
1 Z
Status Affected: Z
Description: The contents of register f are
cleared and the Z bit is set.
CLRW Clear W
Syntax: [ label ] CLRW
Operands: None
Operation: 00h (W)
1 Z
Status Affected: Z
Description: W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z)
is set.
CLRWDT Clear Watchdog Timer
Syntax: [ label ] CLRWDT
Operands: None
Operation: 00h WDT
0 WDT prescaler,
1 TO
1 PD
Status Affected: TO, PD
Description: CLRWDT instruction resets the
Watchdog Timer. It also resets the
prescaler of the WDT. Status bits,
TO and PD, are set.
COMF Complement f
Syntax: [ label ] COMF f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: (f) (destination)
Status Affected: Z
complemented. If d is 0, the
result is stored in W. If d is 1, the
result is stored back in register f.
DECF Decrement f
Syntax: [ label ] DECF f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: (f) - 1 (destination)
Status Affected: Z
Description: Decrement register f. If d is 0,
the result is stored in the W
register. If d is 1, the result is
stored back in register f.
PIC16F7X7
DECFSZ Decrement f, Skip if 0
Syntax: [ label ] DECFSZ f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: (f) - 1 (destination);
skip if result = 0
decremented. If d is 0, the result
is placed in the W register. If d is
1, the result is placed back in
register f.
If the result is 1, the next
instruction is executed. If the
result is 0, then a NOP is
executed instead, making it a
2 TCY instruction.
GOTO Unconditional Branch
Syntax: [ label ] GOTO k
Operands: 0 k 2047
Operation: k PC<10:0>
PCLATH<4:3> PC<12:11>
Description: GOTO is an unconditional branch.
The eleven-bit immediate value is
loaded into PC bits<10:0>. The
upper bits of PC are loaded from
PCLATH<4:3>. GOTO is a
two-cycle instruction.
INCF Increment f
Syntax: [ label ] INCF f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: (f) + 1 (destination)
Status Affected: Z
incremented. If d is 0, the result
register f.
INCFSZ Increment f, Skip if 0
Syntax: [ label ] INCFSZ f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: (f) + 1 (destination),
skip if result = 0
incremented. If d is 0, the result
register f.
If the result is 1, the next
instruction is executed. If the
result is 0, a NOP is executed
instead, making it a 2 TCY
instruction.
IORLW Inclusive OR Literal with W
Syntax: [ label ] IORLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: (W) .OR. k (W)
Status Affected: Z
Description: The contents of the W register are
ORed with the eight-bit literal k.
The result is placed in the W
register.
IORWF Inclusive OR W with f
Syntax: [ label ] IORWF f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: (W) .OR. (f) (destination)
Status Affected: Z
Description: Inclusive OR the W register with
register f. If d is 0, the result is
placed in the W register. If d is
register f.
PIC16F7X7
MOVF Move f
Syntax: [ label ] MOVF f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: (f) (destination)
Status Affected: Z
moved to a destination dependant
upon the status of d. If d = 0,
the destination is W register. If
d = 1, the destination is file register
f itself. d = 1 is useful to test a file
register since status flag Z is
affected.
MOVLW Move Literal to W
Syntax: [ label ] MOVLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: k (W)
Description: The eight-bit literal k is loaded
into W register. The dont cares
will assemble as 0s.
MOVWF Move W to f
Syntax: [ label ] MOVWF f
Operands: 0 f 127
Operation: (W) (f)
Description: Move data from W register to
register f.
NOP No Operation
Syntax: [ label ] NOP
Operands: None
Operation: No operation
Description: No operation.
RETFIE Return from Interrupt
Syntax: [ label ] RETFIE
Operands: None
Operation: TOS PC,
1 GIE
RETLW Return with Literal in W
Syntax: [ label ] RETLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: k (W);
TOS PC
Description: The W register is loaded with the
eight-bit literal k. The program
counter is loaded from the top of
the stack (the return address).
This is a two-cycle instruction.
PIC16F7X7
RLF Rotate Left f through Carry
Syntax: [ label ] RLF f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: See description below
Status Affected: C
rotated one bit to the left through the
Carry flag. If d is 0, the result is
placed in the W register. If d is 1,
the result is stored back in register f.
RETURN Return from Subroutine
Syntax: [ label ] RETURN
Operands: None
Operation: TOS PC
Description: Return from subroutine. The stack
is POPed and the top of the stack
(TOS) is loaded into the program
counter. This is a two-cycle
instruction.
RRF Rotate Right f through Carry
Syntax: [ label ] RRF f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: See description below
Status Affected: C
rotated one bit to the right through
the Carry flag. If d is 0, the
result is placed in the W register.
If d is 1, the result is placed
back in register f.
Register f C
Register f C
SLEEP
Syntax: [ label ] SLEEP
Operands: None
Operation: 00h WDT,
0 WDT prescaler,
1 TO,
0 PD
Status Affected: TO, PD
Description: The power-down status bit, PD,
is cleared. Time-out status bit,
TO, is set. Watchdog Timer and
its prescaler are cleared.
The processor is put into Sleep
mode with the oscillator stopped.
SUBLW Subtract W from Literal
Syntax: [ label ] SUBLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: k - (W) (W)
Description: The W register is subtracted (2s
complement method) from the
eight-bit literal k. The result is
placed in the W register.
SUBWF Subtract W from f
Syntax: [ label ] SUBWF f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: (f) - (W) (destination)
Description: Subtract (2s complement method)
W register from register f. If d is
0, the result is stored in the W
PIC16F7X7
SWAPF Swap Nibbles in f
Syntax: [ label ] SWAPF f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: (f<3:0>) (destination<7:4>),
(f<7:4>) (destination<3:0>)
Description: The upper and lower nibbles of
register f are exchanged. If d is
0, the result is placed in the W
placed in register f.
XORLW Exclusive OR Literal with W
Syntax: [ label ] XORLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: (W) .XOR. k (W)
Status Affected: Z
Description: The contents of the W register
are XORed with the eight-bit
literal k. The result is placed in
the W register.
XORWF Exclusive OR W with f
Syntax: [ label ] XORWF f,d
Operands: 0 f 127
d [0,1]
Operation: (W) .XOR. (f) (destination)
Status Affected: Z
Description: Exclusive OR the contents of the
W register with register f. If d is
0, the result is stored in the W
2003 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30498B-page201
PIC16F7X7
17.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
The PICmicro
microcontrollers are supported with a

full range of hardware and software development tools:
Integrated Development Environment
- MPLAB
IDE Software
Assemblers/Compilers/Linkers
- MPASM
TM
Assembler
- MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C Compilers
- MPLINK
TM
Object Linker/
MPLIB
TM
Object Librarian
- MPLAB C30 C Compiler
- MPLAB ASM30 Assembler/Linker/Library
Simulators
- MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
- MPLAB dsPIC30 Software Simulator
Emulators
- MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator
- MPLAB ICE 4000 In-Circuit Emulator
In-Circuit Debugger
- MPLAB ICD 2
Device Programmers
- PRO MATE
II Universal Device Programmer

- PICSTART
Plus Development Programmer

Low-Cost Demonstration Boards
- PICDEM
TM
1 Demonstration Board
- PICDEM.net
TM
Demonstration Board
- PICDEM 2 Plus Demonstration Board
- PICDEM 3 Demonstration Board
- PICDEM 18R Demonstration Board
- PICDEM LIN Demonstration Board
- PICDEM USB Demonstration Board
Evaluation Kits
- KEELOQ
- PICDEM MSC
- microID
- CAN
- PowerSmart
- Analog
17.1 MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment Software
The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software
development previously unseen in the 8/16-bit micro-
controller market. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows
based application that contains:

An interface to debugging tools
- simulator
- programmer (sold separately)
- emulator (sold separately)
- in-circuit debugger (sold separately)
A full-featured editor with color coded context
A multiple project manager
Customizable data windows with direct edit of
contents
High-level source code debugging
Mouse over variable inspection
Extensive on-line help
The MPLAB IDE allows you to:
Edit your source files (either assembly or C)
One touch assemble (or compile) and download
to PICmicro emulator and simulator tools
(automatically updates all project information)
Debug using:
- source files (assembly or C)
- absolute listing file (mixed assembly and C)
- machine code
MPLAB IDE supports multiple debugging tools in a
single development paradigm, from the cost effective
simulators, through low-cost in-circuit debuggers, to
full-featured emulators. This eliminates the learning
curve when upgrading to tools with increasing flexibility
and power.
17.2 MPASM Assembler
The MPASM assembler is a full-featured, universal
macro assembler for all PICmicro MCUs.
The MPASM assembler generates relocatable object
files for the MPLINK object linker, Intel
standard HEX
files, MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol ref-
erence, absolute LST files that contain source lines and
generated machine code and COFF files for
debugging.
The MPASM assembler features include:
Integration into MPLAB IDE projects
User defined macros to streamline assembly code
Conditional assembly for multi-purpose source
files
Directives that allow complete control over the
assembly process
PIC16F7X7
17.3 MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18
C Compilers
The MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 Code Development
Systems are complete ANSI C compilers for
Microchips PIC17CXXX and PIC18CXXX family of
microcontrollers. These compilers provide powerful
integration capabilities, superior code optimization and
ease of use not found with other compilers.
For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide
symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE
debugger.
17.4 MPLINK Object Linker/
MPLIB Object Librarian
The MPLINK object linker combines relocatable
objects created by the MPASM assembler and the
MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C compilers. It can link
relocatable objects from precompiled libraries, using
directives from a linker script.
The MPLIB object librarian manages the creation and
modification of library files of precompiled code. When
a routine from a library is called from a source file, only
the modules that contain that routine will be linked in
with the application. This allows large libraries to be
used efficiently in many different applications.
The object linker/library features include:
Efficient linking of single libraries instead of many
smaller files
Enhanced code maintainability by grouping
related modules together
Flexible creation of libraries with easy module
listing, replacement, deletion and extraction
17.5 MPLAB C30 C Compiler
The MPLAB C30 C compiler is a full-featured, ANSI
compliant, optimizing compiler that translates standard
ANSI C programs into dsPIC30F assembly language
source. The compiler also supports many command-
line options and language extensions to take full
advantage of the dsPIC30F device hardware capabili-
ties and afford fine control of the compiler code
generator.
MPLAB C30 is distributed with a complete ANSI C
standard library. All library functions have been vali-
dated and conform to the ANSI C library standard. The
library includes functions for string manipulation,
dynamic memory allocation, data conversion, time-
keeping and math functions (trigonometric, exponential
and hyperbolic). The compiler provides symbolic
information for high-level source debugging with the
MPLAB IDE.
17.6 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker
and Librarian
MPLAB ASM30 assembler produces relocatable
machine code from symbolic assembly language for
dsPIC30F devices. MPLAB C30 compiler uses the
assembler to produce its object file. The assembler
generates relocatable object files that can then be
archived or linked with other relocatable object files and
archives to create an executable file. Notable features
of the assembler include:
Support for the entire dsPIC30F instruction set
Support for fixed-point and floating-point data
Command line interface
Rich directive set
Flexible macro language
MPLAB IDE compatibility
17.7 MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
The MPLAB SIM software simulator allows code devel-
opment in a PC hosted environment by simulating the
PICmicro series microcontrollers on an instruction
level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be
examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from
a file, or user defined key press, to any pin. The execu-
tion can be performed in Single-Step, Execute Until
Break or Trace mode.
The MPLAB SIM simulator fully supports symbolic
debugging using the MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18
C Compilers, as well as the MPASM assembler. The
software simulator offers the flexibility to develop and
debug code outside of the laboratory environment,
making it an excellent, economical software
development tool.
17.8 MPLAB SIM30 Software Simulator
The MPLAB SIM30 software simulator allows code
development in a PC hosted environment by simulating
the dsPIC30F series microcontrollers on an instruction
level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be
examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from
a file, or user defined key press, to any of the pins.
The MPLAB SIM30 simulator fully supports symbolic
debugging using the MPLAB C30 C Compiler and
MPLAB ASM30 assembler. The simulator runs in either
a Command Line mode for automated tasks, or from
MPLAB IDE. This high-speed simulator is designed to
debug, analyze and optimize time intensive DSP
routines.
PIC16F7X7
17.9 MPLAB ICE 2000
High-Performance Universal
In-Circuit Emulator
The MPLAB ICE 2000 universal in-circuit emulator is
intended to provide the product development engineer
with a complete microcontroller design tool set for
PICmicro microcontrollers. Software control of the
MPLAB ICE 2000 in-circuit emulator is advanced by
the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment,
which allows editing, building, downloading and source
debugging from a single environment.
The MPLAB ICE 2000 is a full-featured emulator sys-
tem with enhanced trace, trigger and data monitoring
features. Interchangeable processor modules allow the
system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of differ-
ent processors. The universal architecture of the
MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator allows expansion to
support new PICmicro microcontrollers.
The MPLAB ICE 2000 in-circuit emulator system has
been designed as a real-time emulation system with
advanced features that are typically found on more
expensive development tools. The PC platform and
Microsoft
Windows 32-bit operating system were

chosen to best make these features available in a
simple, unified application.
17.10 MPLAB ICE 4000
High-Performance Universal
In-Circuit Emulator
The MPLAB ICE 4000 universal in-circuit emulator is
intended to provide the product development engineer
with a complete microcontroller design tool set for high-
end PICmicro microcontrollers. Software control of the
MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator is provided by the
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment, which
allows editing, building, downloading and source
debugging from a single environment.
The MPLAB ICD 4000 is a premium emulator system,
providing the features of MPLAB ICE 2000, but with
increased emulation memory and high-speed perfor-
mance for dsPIC30F and PIC18XXXX devices. Its
advanced emulator features include complex triggering
and timing, up to 2 Mb of emulation memory and the
ability to view variables in real-time.
The MPLAB ICE 4000 in-circuit emulator system has
been designed as a real-time emulation system with
advanced features that are typically found on more
expensive development tools. The PC platform and
Microsoft Windows 32-bit operating system were
chosen to best make these features available in a
simple, unified application.
17.11 MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger
Microchips In-Circuit Debugger, MPLAB ICD 2, is a
powerful, low-cost, run-time development tool,
connecting to the host PC via an RS-232 or high-speed
USB interface. This tool is based on the Flash
PICmicro MCUs and can be used to develop for these
and other PICmicro microcontrollers. The MPLAB
ICD 2 utilizes the in-circuit debugging capability built
into the Flash devices. This feature, along with
Microchips In-Circuit Serial Programming
TM
(ICSP
TM
)
protocol, offers cost effective in-circuit Flash debugging
from the graphical user interface of the MPLAB Inte-
grated Development Environment. This enables a
designer to develop and debug source code by setting
breakpoints, single-stepping and watching variables,
CPU status and peripheral registers. Running at full
speed enables testing hardware and applications in
real-time. MPLAB ICD 2 also serves as a development
programmer for selected PICmicro devices.
17.12 PRO MATE II Universal Device
Programmer
The PRO MATE II is a universal, CE compliant device
programmer with programmable voltage verification at
VDDMIN and VDDMAX for maximum reliability. It features
an LCD display for instructions and error messages
and a modular detachable socket assembly to support
various package types. In Stand-Alone mode, the
PRO MATE II device programmer can read, verify and
program PICmicro devices without a PC connection. It
can also set code protection in this mode.
17.13 PICSTART Plus Development
Programmer
The PICSTART Plus development programmer is an
easy-to-use, low-cost, prototype programmer. It con-
nects to the PC via a COM (RS-232) port. MPLAB
Integrated Development Environment software makes
using the programmer simple and efficient. The
PICSTART Plus development programmer supports
most PICmicro devices up to 40 pins. Larger pin count
devices, such as the PIC16C92X and PIC17C76X,
may be supported with an adapter socket. The
PICSTART Plus development programmer is CE
compliant.
PIC16F7X7
17.14 PICDEM 1 PICmicro
Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 1 demonstration board demonstrates the
capabilities of the PIC16C5X (PIC16C54 to
PIC16C58A), PIC16C61, PIC16C62X, PIC16C71,
PIC16C8X, PIC17C42, PIC17C43 and PIC17C44. All
necessary hardware and software is included to run
basic demo programs. The sample microcontrollers
provided with the PICDEM 1 demonstration board can
be programmed with a PRO MATE II device program-
mer or a PICSTART Plus development programmer.
The PICDEM 1 demonstration board can be connected
to the MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator for testing. A
prototype area extends the circuitry for additional appli-
cation components. Features include an RS-232
interface, a potentiometer for simulated analog input,
push button switches and eight LEDs.
17.15 PICDEM.net Internet/Ethernet
Demonstration Board
The PICDEM.net demonstration board is an Internet/
Ethernet demonstration board using the PIC18F452
microcontroller and TCP/IP firmware. The board
supports any 40-pin DIP device that conforms to the
standard pinout used by the PIC16F877 or
PIC18C452. This kit features a user friendly TCP/IP
stack, web server with HTML, a 24L256 Serial
EEPROM for Xmodem download to web pages into
Serial EEPROM, ICSP/MPLAB ICD 2 interface con-
nector, an Ethernet interface, RS-232 interface and a
16 x 2 LCD display. Also included is the book and
CD-ROM TCP/IP Lean, Web Servers for Embedded
Systems, by Jeremy Bentham
17.16 PICDEM 2 Plus
Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 2 Plus demonstration board supports
many 18, 28 and 40-pin microcontrollers, including
PIC16F87X and PIC18FXX2 devices. All the neces-
sary hardware and software is included to run the dem-
onstration programs. The sample microcontrollers
provided with the PICDEM 2 demonstration board can
be programmed with a PRO MATE II device program-
mer, PICSTART Plus development programmer, or
MPLAB ICD 2 with a Universal Programmer Adapter.
The MPLAB ICD 2 and MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulators
may also be used with the PICDEM 2 demonstration
board to test firmware. A prototype area extends the
circuitry for additional application components. Some
of the features include an RS-232 interface, a 2 x 16
LCD display, a piezo speaker, an on-board temperature
sensor, four LEDs and sample PIC18F452 and
PIC16F877 Flash microcontrollers.
17.17 PICDEM 3 PIC16C92X
Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 3 demonstration board supports the
PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 in the PLCC package. All
the necessary hardware and software is included to run
the demonstration programs.
17.18 PICDEM 4 8/14/18-Pin
Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 4 can be used to demonstrate the capa-
bilities of the 8, 14 and 18-pin PIC16XXXX and
PIC18XXXX MCUs, including the PIC16F818/819,
PIC16F87/88, PIC16F62XA and the PIC18F1320 fam-
ily of microcontrollers. PICDEM 4 is intended to show-
case the many features of these low pin count parts,
including LIN and Motor Control using ECCP. Special
provisions are made for low-power operation with the
supercapacitor circuit and jumpers allow on-board
hardware to be disabled to eliminate current draw in
this mode. Included on the demo board are provisions
for Crystal, RC or Canned Oscillator modes, a five volt
regulator for use with a nine volt wall adapter or battery,
DB-9 RS-232 interface, ICD connector for program-
ming via ICSP and development with MPLAB ICD 2,
2x16 liquid crystal display, PCB footprints for H-Bridge
motor driver, LIN transceiver and EEPROM. Also
included are: header for expansion, eight LEDs, four
potentiometers, three push buttons and a prototyping
area. Included with the kit is a PIC16F627A and a
PIC18F1320. Tutorial firmware is included along with
the Users Guide.
17.19 PICDEM 17 Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 17 demonstration board is an evaluation
board that demonstrates the capabilities of several
Microchip microcontrollers, including PIC17C752,
PIC17C756A, PIC17C762 and PIC17C766. A pro-
grammed sample is included. The PRO MATE II device
programmer, or the PICSTART Plus development pro-
grammer, can be used to reprogram the device for user
tailored application development. The PICDEM 17
demonstration board supports program download and
execution from external on-board Flash memory. A
generous prototype area is available for user hardware
expansion.
PIC16F7X7
17.20 PICDEM 18R PIC18C601/801
Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 18R demonstration board serves to assist
development of the PIC18C601/801 family of Microchip
microcontrollers. It provides hardware implementation
of both 8-bit Multiplexed/Demultiplexed and 16-bit
Memory modes. The board includes 2 Mb external
Flash memory and 128 Kb SRAM memory, as well as
serial EEPROM, allowing access to the wide range of
memory types supported by the PIC18C601/801.
17.21 PICDEM LIN PIC16C43X
Demonstration Board
The powerful LIN hardware and software kit includes a
series of boards and three PICmicro microcontrollers.
The small footprint PIC16C432 and PIC16C433 are
used as slaves in the LIN communication and feature
on-board LIN transceivers. A PIC16F874 Flash
microcontroller serves as the master. All three micro-
controllers are programmed with firmware to provide
LIN bus communication.
17.22 PICkit
TM
1 Flash Starter Kit
A complete development system in a box, the PICkit
Flash Starter Kit includes a convenient multi-section
board for programming, evaluation and development of
8/14-pin Flash PIC
microcontrollers. Powered via

USB, the board operates under a simple Windows GUI.
The PICkit 1 Starter Kit includes the user's guide (on
CD ROM), PICkit

1 tutorial software and code for vari-
ous applications. Also included are MPLAB
IDE (Inte-
grated Development Environment) software, software
and hardware Tips 'n Tricks for 8-pin Flash PIC
Microcontrollers Handbook and a USB Interface

Cable. Supports all current 8/14-pin Flash PIC
microcontrollers, as well as many future planned
devices.
17.23 PICDEM USB PIC16C7X5
Demonstration Board
The PICDEM USB Demonstration Board shows off the
capabilities of the PIC16C745 and PIC16C765 USB
microcontrollers. This board provides the basis for
future USB products.
17.24 Evaluation and
Programming Tools
In addition to the PICDEM series of circuits, Microchip
has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software
for these products.
KEELOQ evaluation and programming tools for
Microchips HCS Secure Data Products
CAN developers kit for automotive network
applications
Analog design boards and filter design software
PowerSmart battery charging evaluation/
calibration kits
IrDA
development kit
microID development and rfLab
TM
development
software
SEEVAL
designer kit for memory evaluation and

endurance calculations
PICDEM MSC demo boards for Switching mode
power supply, high-power IR driver, delta sigma
ADC and flow rate sensor
Check the Microchip web page and the latest Product
Line Card for the complete list of demonstration and
evaluation kits.
PIC16F7X7
NOTES:
PIC16F7X7
18.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Ambient temperature under bias................................................................................................................ .-55 to +125C
Storage temperature .............................................................................................................................. -65C to +150C
Voltage on any pin with respect to VSS (except VDD, MCLR. and RA4) ......................................... -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ............................................................................................................ -0.3 to +6.5V
Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS (Note 2) ..............................................................................................0 to +13.5V
Voltage on RA4 with respect to Vss...................................................................................................................0 to +12V
Total power dissipation (Note 1) ............................................................................................................................... 1.0W
Maximum current out of VSS pin ........................................................................................................................... 300 mA
Maximum current into VDD pin .............................................................................................................................. 250 mA
Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD)..................................................................................................................... 20 mA
Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD) ............................................................................................................. 20 mA
Maximum output current sunk by any I/O pin..........................................................................................................25 mA
Maximum output current sourced by any I/O pin .................................................................................................... 25 mA
Maximum current sunk by PORTA, PORTB and PORTE (combined) (Note 3) .................................................... 200 mA
Maximum current sourced by PORTA, PORTB and PORTE (combined) (Note 3)............................................... 200 mA
Maximum current sunk by PORTC and PORTD (combined) (Note 3) .................................................................200 mA
Maximum current sourced by PORTC and PORTD (combined) (Note 3) ............................................................ 200 mA
Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: Pdis = VDD x {IDD - IOH} + {(VDD - VOH) x IOH} + (VOl x IOL)
2: Voltage spikes at the MCLR pin may cause latchup. A series resistor of greater than 1 k should be used
to pull MCLR to VDD, rather than tying the pin directly to VDD.
3: PORTD and PORTE are not implemented on the PIC16F737/767 devices.
NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the
device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those
indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 18-1: PIC16F7X7 VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH
FIGURE 18-2: PIC16LF7X7 VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH
Frequency
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
6.0V
5.5V
4.5V
4.0V
2.0V
20 MHz
5.0V
3.5V
3.0V
2.5V
16 MHz
Frequency
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
6.0V
5.5V
4.5V
4.0V
2.0V
5.0V
3.5V
3.0V
2.5V
FMAX = (12 MHz/V) (VDDAPPMIN - 2.5V) + 4 MHz
Note 1: VDDAPPMIN is the minimum voltage of the PICmicro

device in the application.
4 MHz 10 MHz
Note 2: FMAX has a maximum frequency of 10 MHz.
PIC16F7X7
18.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16F737/747/767/777 (Industrial, Extended)
PIC16LF737/747/767/777 (Industrial)
PIC16LF737/747/767/777
(Industrial)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial
PIC16F737/747/767/777
(Industrial, Extended)
Param
No.
Sym Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions
VDD Supply Voltage
D001 PIC16LF7X7 2.5
2.2
2.0
5.5
5.5
5.5
V
V
V
A/D in use, -40C to +85C
A/D in use, 0C to +85C
A/D not used, -40C to +85C
D001
D001A
PIC16F7X7 4.0
VBOR*
5.5
5.5
V
V
All configurations
BOR enabled (Note 7)
D002* VDR RAM Data Retention
Voltage (Note 1)
1.5 V
D003 VPOR VDD Start Voltage to
ensure internal Power-on
Reset signal
VSS V See section on Power-on Reset for details
D004* SVDD VDD Rise Rate to ensure
internal Power-on Reset signal
0.05 V/ms See section on Power-on Reset for details
VBOR Brown-out Reset Voltage
PIC16LF7X7 Industrial Low Voltage
D005 BORV1:BORV0 = 11 NA NA V Reserved
BORV1:BORV0 = 10 2.50 2.72 2.94 V
BORV1:BORV0 = 01 3.88 4.22 4.56 V
BORV1:BORV0 = 00 4.18 4.54 4.90 V
D005 PIC16F7X7 Industrial
BORV1:BORV0 = 1x NA NA V Not in operating voltage range of device
BORV1:BORV0 = 01 3.88 4.22 4.56 V
BORV1:BORV0 = 00 4.18 4.54 4.90 V
Legend: Shading of rows is to assist in readability of of the table.
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.
Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data.
2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors, such as I/O
pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern and temperature also have an
impact on the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from-rail to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is
measured with the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.
4: For RC osc configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be
estimated by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k.
5: Timer1 oscillator (when enabled) adds approximately 20 A to the specification. This value is from
characterization and is for design guidance only. This is not tested.
6: The current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be
added to the base IDD or IPD measurement.
7: When BOR is enabled, the device will operate correctly until the VBOR voltage trip point is reached.
PIC16F7X7
18.2 DC Characteristics: Power-down and Supply Current
PIC16F7X7 (Industrial)
PIC16LF7X7 (Industrial)
PIC16LF7X7
(Industrial)
PIC16F7X7
(Industrial)
Param
No.
Device Typ Max Units Conditions
Power-down Current (IPD)
(1)
PIC16LF7X7 0.1 0.4 A -40C
VDD = 2.0V 0.1 0.4 A +25C
0.4 1.5 A +85C
PIC16LF7X7 0.3 0.5 A -40C
VDD = 3.0V 0.3 0.5 A +25C
0.7 1.7 A +85C
All devices 0.6 1.0 A -40C
VDD = 5.0V 0.6 1.0 A +25C
1.2 5.0 A +85C
Legend: Shading of rows is to assist in readability of the table.
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 Oscillator, BOR, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated
by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k.
PIC16F7X7
Supply Current (IDD)
(2,3)
PIC16LF7X7 9 20 A -40C
VDD = 2.0V
FOSC = 32 kHZ
(LP Oscillator)
7 15 A +25C
7 15 A +85C
PIC16LF7X7 16 30 A -40C
VDD = 3.0V 14 25 A +25C
14 25 A +85C
All devices 32 40 A -40C
VDD = 5.0V 26 35 A +25C
26 35 A +85C
PIC16LF7X7 72 95 A -40C
VDD = 2.0V
FOSC = 1 MHZ
(RC Oscillator)
(3)
76 90 A +25C
76 90 A +85C
PIC16LF7X7 138 175 A -40C
VDD = 3.0V 136 170 A +25C
136 170 A +85C
VDD = 5.0V 290 360 A +25C
280 360 A +85C
PIC16LF7X7 270 315 A -40C
VDD = 2.0V
FOSC = 4 MHz
(RC Oscillator)
(3)
280 310 A +25C
285 310 A +85C
PIC16LF7X7 460 610 A -40C
VDD = 3.0V 450 600 A +25C
450 600 A +85C
VDD = 5.0V 890 1050 A +25C
890 1050 A +85C
PIC16LF7X7 (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC16LF7X7
(Industrial)
PIC16F7X7
(Industrial)
Param
No.
PIC16F7X7
(2,3)
All devices 1.8 2.3 mA -40C
VDD = 4.0V
FOSC = 20 MHZ
(HS Oscillator)
1.6 2.2 mA +25C
1.3 2.2 mA +85C
VDD = 5.0V 2.5 4.0 mA +25C
2.5 4.0 mA +85C
PIC16LF7X7
(Industrial)
PIC16F7X7
(Industrial)
Param
No.
PIC16F7X7
(2,3)
PIC16LF7X7 8 20 A -40C
VDD = 2.0V
FOSC = 31.25 kHz
(RC_RUN mode,
Internal RC Oscillator)
7 15 A +25C
7 15 A +85C
PIC16LF7X7 16 30 A -40C
VDD = 3.0V 14 25 A +25C
14 25 A +85C
VDD = 5.0V 29 35 A +25C
29 35 A +85C
PIC16LF7X7 132 160 A -40C
VDD = 2.0V
FOSC = 1 MHz
(RC_RUN mode,
126 155 A +25C
126 155 A +85C
PIC16LF7X7 260 310 A -40C
VDD = 3.0V 230 300 A +25C
230 300 A +85C
VDD = 5.0V 500 650 A +25C
500 650 A +85C
PIC16LF7X7 310 420 A -40C
VDD = 2.0V
FOSC = 4 MHz
(RC_RUN mode,
300 410 A +25C
300 410 A +85C
PIC16LF7X7 550 650 A -40C
VDD = 3.0V 530 620 A +25C
530 620 A +85C
VDD = 5.0V 1.1 1.4 mA +25C
1.1 1.4 mA +85C
PIC16LF7X7
(Industrial)
PIC16F7X7
(Industrial)
Param
No.
PIC16F7X7
(2,3)
PIC16LF7X7 .950 1.3 mA -40C
VDD = 3.0V
FOSC = 8 MHz
(RC_RUN mode,
.930 1.2 mA +25C
.930 1.2 mA +85C
VDD = 5.0V 1.7 2.8 mA +25C
1.7 2.8 mA +85C
PIC16LF7X7 9 13 A -10C
VDD = 2.0V
FOSC = 32 kHz
(SEC_RUN mode,
Timer1 as Clock)
9 14 A +25C
11 16 A +70C
PIC16LF7X7 12 34 A -10C
VDD = 3.0V 12 31 A +25C
14 28 A +70C
VDD = 5.0V 20 65 A +25C
25 59 A +70C
PIC16LF7X7
(Industrial)
PIC16F7X7
(Industrial)
Param
No.
PIC16F7X7
Module Differential Currents (IWDT, IBOR, ILVD, IOSCB, IAD)
D022
(IWDT)
Watchdog Timer 1.5 3.8 A -40C
VDD = 2.0V 2.2 3.8 A +25C
2.7 4.0 A +85C
2.3 4.6 A -40C
VDD = 3.0V 2.7 4.6 A +25C
3.1 4.8 A +85C
3.0 10.0 A -40C
VDD = 5.0V 3.3 10.0 A +25C
3.9 13.0 A +85C
D022A
(IBOR)
Brown-out Reset 17 35 A -40C to +85C VDD = 3.0V
47 45 A -40C to +85C VDD = 5.0V
0 0 A -40C to +85C VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 3.0V
VDD = 5.0V
BOREN:BORSEN = 10
in Sleep mode
D022B
(ILVD)
Low-Voltage Detect 14 25 A -40C to +85C VDD = 2.0V
18 35 A -40C to +85C VDD = 3.0V
21 45 A -40C to +85C VDD = 5.0V
D025
(IOSCB)
Timer1 Oscillator 1.7 2.3 A -40C
VDD = 2.0V
32 kHz on Timer1
1.8 2.3 A +25C
2.0 2.3 A +85C
2.2 3.8 A -40C
VDD = 3.0V 2.6 3.8 A +25C
2.9 3.8 A +85C
3.0 6.0 A -40C
VDD = 5.0V 3.2 6.0 A +25C
3.4 7.0 A +85C
D026
(IAD)
A/D Converter 0.001 2.0 A -40C to +85C VDD = 2.0V
A/D on, not converting 0.001 2.0 A -40C to +85C VDD = 3.0V
0.003 2.0 A -40C to +85C VDD = 5.0V
PIC16LF7X7
(Industrial)
PIC16F7X7
(Industrial)
Param
No.
PIC16F7X7
18.3 DC Characteristics: Internal RC Accuracy
PIC16F7X7 (Industrial, Extended)
PIC16LF7X7 (Industrial)
PIC16LF7X7
(Industrial)
PIC16F7X7
Param
No.
Device Min Typ Max Units Conditions
INTOSC Accuracy @ Freq = 8 MHz, 4 MHz, 2 MHz, 1 MHz, 500 kHz, 250 kHz, 125 kHz
(1)
PIC16LF7X7 -2 1 2 % +25C VDD = 2.7V-3.3V
-5 5 % -10C to +85C VDD = 2.7V-3.3V
-10 10 % -40C to +85C VDD = 2.7V-3.3V
PIC16F7X7 -2 1 2 % +25C VDD = 4.5V-5.5V
-5 5 % -10C to +85C VDD = 4.5V-5.5V
-10 10 % -40C to +85C VDD = 4.5V-5.5V
INTRC Accuracy @ Freq = 31 kHz
(2)
PIC16LF7X7 26.562 35.938 kHz -40C to +85C VDD = 2.7V-3.3V
PIC16F7X7 26.562 35.938 kHz -40C to +85C VDD = 4.5V-5.5V
Note 1: Frequency calibrated at 25C. OSCTUNE register can be used to compensate for temperature drift.
2: INTRC is used to calibrate INTOSC.
PIC16F7X7
PIC16LF737/747/767/777 (Industrial)
DC CHARACTERISTICS
-40C TA +125C for extended
Operating voltage VDD range as described in
Section 18.1 DC Characteristics.
Param
No.
VIL Input Low Voltage
I/O ports:
D030 with TTL buffer VSS 0.15 VDD V For entire VDD range
D030A VSS 0.8V V 4.5V VDD 5.5V
D031 with Schmitt Trigger buffer VSS 0.2 VDD V
D032 MCLR, OSC1 (in RC mode) VSS 0.2 VDD V (Note 1)
D033 OSC1 (in XT and LP mode) VSS 0.3V V
OSC1 (in HS mode) VSS 0.3 VDD V
VIH Input High Voltage
I/O ports:
D040 with TTL buffer 2.0 VDD V 4.5V VDD 5.5V
D040A 0.25 VDD + 0.8 V VDD V For entire VDD range
D041 with Schmitt Trigger buffer 0.8 VDD VDD V For entire VDD range
D042 MCLR 0.8 VDD VDD V
D042A OSC1 (in XT and LP mode) 1.6V VDD V
OSC1 (in HS mode) 0.7 VDD VDD V
D043 OSC1 (in RC mode) 0.9 VDD VDD V (Note 1)
D070 IPURB PORTB Weak Pull-up Current 50 250 400 A VDD = 5V, VPIN = VSS
IIL Input Leakage Current (Notes 2, 3)
D060 I/O ports 1 A VSS VPIN VDD, pin at
high-impedance
D061 MCLR, RE3/T0CKI 5 A VSS VPIN VDD
D063 OSC1 5 A VSS VPIN VDD, XT, HS
and LP osc configuration
Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the
PIC16F7X7 be driven with external clock in RC mode.
2: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified
levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input
voltages.
3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.
PIC16F7X7
VOL Output Low Voltage
D080 I/O ports 0.6 V IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40C to +125C
D083 OSC2/CLKO (RC osc config)
0.6
0.6
V
V
IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40C to +125C
IOL = 1.2 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40C to +125C
VOH Output High Voltage
D090 I/O ports (Note 3) VDD 0.7 V IOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40C to +125C
D092 OSC2/CLKO (RC osc config) VDD 0.7
VDD 0.7
V
V
IOH = -1.3 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40C to +125C
IOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40C to +125C
D150* VOD Open-Drain High Voltage 12 V RA4 pin
Capacitive Loading Specs on Output Pins
D100 COSC2 OSC2 pin 15 pF In XT, HS and LP modes
when external clock is used
to drive OSC1
D101 CIO All I/O pins and OSC2
(in RC mode)
50 pF
D102 CB SCL, SDA in I
2
C mode 400 pF
Program Flash Memory
D130 EP Endurance 100 1000 E/W 25C at 5V
D131 VPR VDD for Read 2.0 5.5 V
PIC16LF737/747/767/777 (Industrial) (Continued)
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Operating voltage VDD range as described in
Section 18.1 DC Characteristics.
Param
No.
Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the
PIC16F7X7 be driven with external clock in RC mode.
2: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified
levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input
voltages.
3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 18-1: COMPARATOR SPECIFICATIONS
TABLE 18-2: VOLTAGE REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
Operating Conditions: 3.0V < VDD < 5.5V, -40C < TA < +85C (unless otherwise stated).
Param
No.
Sym Characteristics Min Typ Max Units Comments
D300 VIOFF Input Offset Voltage 5.0 10 mV
D301 VICM Input Common Mode Voltage* 0 - VDD 1.5 V
D302 CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio* 55 - dB
300
300A
TRESP Response Time
(1)*
150 400
600
ns
ns
PIC16F7X7
PIC16LF7X7
301 TMC2OV Comparator Mode Change to
Output Valid*
10 s
Note 1: Response time measured with one comparator input at (VDD 1.5)/2, while the other input transitions from
VSS to VDD.
Operating Conditions: 3.0V < VDD < 5.5V, -40C < TA < +85C (unless otherwise stated).
Param
No.
Sym Characteristics Min Typ Max Units Comments
D310 VRES Resolution VDD/24 VDD/32 LSb
D311 VRAA Absolute Accuracy
1/4
1/2
LSb
LSb
Low Range (VRR = 1)
High Range (VRR = 0)
D312 VRUR Unit Resistor Value (R)* 2 k
310 TSET Settling Time
(1)*
10 s
Note 1: Settling time measured while VRR = 1 and VR<3:0> transitions from 0000 to 1111.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 18-3: LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT CHARACTERISTICS
TABLE 18-3: LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT CHARACTERISTICS
VLVD
LVDIF
VDD
(LVDIF set by hardware)
(LVDIF can be
cleared in software)
PIC16LF7X7
(Industrial)
PIC16F7X7
Param
No.
Symbol Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions
D420 LVD Voltage on VDD Transition High to Low Industrial
PIC16LF7X7 LVDL<3:0> = 0000 N/A N/A N/A V Reserved
LVDL<3:0> = 0001 N/A N/A N/A V Reserved
LVDL<3:0> = 0010 2.15 2.26 2.37 V
LVDL<3:0> = 0011 2.33 2.45 2.58 V
LVDL<3:0> = 0100 2.43 2.55 2.68 V
LVDL<3:0> = 0101 2.63 2.77 2.91 V
LVDL<3:0> = 0110 2.73 2.87 3.01 V
LVDL<3:0> = 0111 2.91 3.07 3.22 V
LVDL<3:0> = 1000 3.20 3.36 3.53 V
LVDL<3:0> = 1001 3.39 3.57 3.75 V
LVDL<3:0> = 1010 3.49 3.67 3.85 V
LVDL<3:0> = 1011 3.68 3.87 4.07 V
LVDL<3:0> = 1100 3.87 4.07 4.28 V
LVDL<3:0> = 1101 4.06 4.28 4.49 V
LVDL<3:0> = 1110 4.37 4.60 4.82 V
D420 LVD Voltage on VDD Transition High to Low Industrial
PIC16F7X7 LVDL<3:0> = 1011 3.68 3.87 4.07 V
LVDL<3:0> = 1100 3.87 4.07 4.28 V
LVDL<3:0> = 1101 4.06 4.28 4.49 V
LVDL<3:0> = 1110 4.37 4.60 4.82 V
Production tested at TAMB = 25C. Specifications over temperature limits ensured by characterization.
PIC16F7X7
18.5 Timing Parameter Symbology
The timing parameter symbols have been created
using one of the following formats:
FIGURE 18-4: LOAD CONDITIONS
1. TppS2ppS
3. TCC:ST (I
2
C specifications only)
2. TppS
4. Ts (I
2
T
F Frequency T Time
Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings:
pp
cc CCP1 osc OSC1
ck CLKO rd RD
cs CS rw RD or WR
di SDI sc SCK
do SDO ss SS
dt Data in t0 T0CKI
io I/O port t1 T1CKI
mc MCLR wr WR
Uppercase letters and their meanings:
S
F Fall P Period
H High R Rise
I Invalid (Hi-impedance) V Valid
L Low Z High-impedance
I
2
C only
AA output access High High
BUF Bus free Low Low
TCC:ST (I
2
CC
HD Hold SU Setup
ST
DAT DATA input hold STO Stop condition
STA Start condition
VDD/2
CL
RL
pin pin
VSS VSS
CL
RL = 464
CL = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2, but including PORTD and PORTE outputs as ports
15 pF for OSC2 output
Note: PORTD and PORTE are not implemented on the PIC16F737/767 devices.
Load Condition 1 Load Condition 2
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 18-5: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING
TABLE 18-4: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Param
No.
FOSC External CLKI Frequency
(Note 1)
DC 1 MHz XT Osc mode
DC 20 MHz HS Osc mode
DC 32 kHz LP Osc mode
Oscillator Frequency
(Note 1)
DC 4 MHz RC Osc mode
0.1 4 MHz XT Osc mode
4
5
20
200
MHz
kHz
HS Osc mode
LP Osc mode
1 TOSC External CLKI Period
(Note 1)
1000 ns XT Osc mode
50 ns HS Osc mode
5 ms LP Osc mode
Oscillator Period
(Note 1)
250 ns RC Osc mode
250 10,000 ns XT Osc mode
50 250 ns HS Osc mode
5 ms LP Osc mode
2 TCY Instruction Cycle Time
(Note 1)
200 TCY DC ns TCY = 4/FOSC
3 TOSL,
TOSH
External Clock in (OSC1)
High or Low Time
500 ns XT oscillator
2.5 ms LP oscillator
15 ns HS oscillator
4 TOSR,
TOSF
External Clock in (OSC1)
Rise or Fall Time
25 ns XT oscillator
50 ns LP oscillator
15 ns HS oscillator
Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period. All specified values are
based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type, under standard operating conditions, with
the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation
and/or higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested to operate at min. values with an
external clock applied to the OSC1/CLKI pin. When an external clock input is used, the max. cycle time
limit is DC (no clock) for all devices.
OSC1
CLKO
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
1
2
3 3 4 4
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 18-6: CLKO AND I/O TIMING
TABLE 18-5: CLKO AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Note: Refer to Figure 18-4 for load conditions.
OSC1
CLKO
I/O pin
(Input)
I/O pin
(Output)
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3
10
13
14
17
20, 21
19
18
15
11
12
16
Old Value New Value
Param
No.
10* TOSH2CKL OSC1 to CLKO 75 200 ns (Note 1)
11* TOSH2CKH OSC1 to CLKO 75 200 ns (Note 1)
12* TCKR CLKO Rise Time 35 100 ns (Note 1)
13* TCKF CLKO Fall Time 35 100 ns (Note 1)
14* TCKL2IOV CLKO to Port Out Valid 0.5 TCY + 20 ns (Note 1)
15* TIOV2CKH Port In Valid before CLKO TOSC + 200 ns (Note 1)
16* TCKH2IOI Port In Hold after CLKO 0 ns (Note 1)
17* TOSH2IOV OSC1 (Q1 cycle) to Port Out Valid 100 255 ns
18* TOSH2IOI OSC1 (Q2 cycle) to
Port Input Invalid (I/O in
hold time)
PIC16F7X7 100 ns
PIC16LF7X7 200 ns
19* TIOV2OSH Port Input Valid to OSC1 (I/O in setup time) 0 ns
20* TIOR Port Output Rise Time PIC16F7X7 10 40 ns
PIC16LF7X7 145 ns
21* TIOF Port Output Fall Time PIC16F7X7 10 40 ns
PIC16LF7X7 145 ns
22* TINP INT pin High or Low Time TCY ns
23* TRBP RB7:RB4 Change INT High or Low Time TCY ns
Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not
tested.
These parameters are asynchronous events not related to any internal clock edges.
Note 1: Measurements are taken in RC mode, where CLKO output is 4 x TOSC.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 18-7: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND
POWER-UP TIMER TIMING
FIGURE 18-8: BROWN-OUT RESET TIMING
TABLE 18-6: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER
AND BROWN-OUT RESET REQUIREMENTS
VDD
MCLR
Internal
POR
PWRT
Time-out
OSC
Time-out
Internal
Reset
Watchdog
Timer
Reset
33
32
30
31
34
I/O pins
34
VDD
VBOR
35
Param
No.
30 TMCL MCLR Pulse Width (low) 2 s VDD = 5V, -40C to +85C
31* TWDT Watchdog Timer Time-out Period
(no prescaler)
7 18 33 ms VDD = 5V, -40C to +85C
32 TOST Oscillation Start-up Timer Period 1024 TOSC TOSC = OSC1 period
33* TPWRT Power-up Timer Period 28 72 132 ms VDD = 5V, -40C to +85C
34 TIOZ I/O High-Impedance from MCLR Low or
Watchdog Timer Reset
2.1 s
35 TBOR Brown-out Reset Pulse Width 100 s VDD VBOR (D005)
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 18-9: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMINGS
TABLE 18-7: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS
Param
No.
40* TT0H T0CKI High Pulse Width No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 ns Must also meet
parameter 42
With Prescaler 10 ns
41* TT0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 ns Must also meet
parameter 42
With Prescaler 10 ns
42* TT0P T0CKI Period No Prescaler TCY + 40 ns
With Prescaler Greater of:
20 or TCY + 40
N
ns N = prescale
value (2, 4, ...,
256)
45* TT1H T1CKI High Time Synchronous, Prescaler = 1 0.5 TCY + 20 ns Must also meet
parameter 47
Synchronous,
Prescaler = 2, 4, 8
PIC16F7X7 15 ns
PIC16LF7X7 25 ns
Asynchronous PIC16F7X7 30 ns
PIC16LF7X7 50 ns
46* TT1L T1CKI Low Time Synchronous, Prescaler = 1 0.5 TCY + 20 ns Must also meet
parameter 47
Synchronous,
Prescaler = 2, 4, 8
PIC16F7X7 15 ns
PIC16LF7X7 25 ns
PIC16LF7X7 50 ns
47* TT1P T1CKI Input
Period
Synchronous PIC16F7X7 Greater of:
30 or TCY + 40
N
ns N = prescale
value (1, 2, 4, 8)
PIC16LF7X7 Greater of:
50 or TCY + 40
N
N = prescale
value (1, 2, 4, 8)
PIC16LF7X7 100 ns
FT1 Timer1 Oscillator Input Frequency Range
(oscillator enabled by setting bit T1OSCEN)
DC 200 kHz
48 TCKEZTMR1 Delay from External Clock Edge to Timer Increment 2 TOSC 7 TOSC
Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.
46
47
45
48
41
42
40
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
TMR0 or TMR1
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 18-10: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM TIMINGS (CCP1 AND CCP2)
TABLE 18-8: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM REQUIREMENTS (CCP1 AND CCP2)
and RC2/CCP1
(Capture Mode)
50 51
52
53 54
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
and RC2/CCP1
(Compare or PWM Mode)
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
Param
No.
50* TCCL CCP1, CCP2 and
CCP3 Input Low
Time
No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 ns
With Prescaler
PIC16F7X7 10 ns
PIC16LF7X7 20 ns
51* TCCH CCP1, CCP2 and
CCP3 Input High
Time
No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 ns
With Prescaler
PIC16F7X7 10 ns
PIC16LF7X7 20 ns
52* TCCP CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3 Input Period 3 TCY + 40
N
ns N = prescale
value (1,4 or 16)
53* TCCR CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3 Output
Rise Time
PIC16F7X7 10 25 ns
PIC16LF7X7 25 50 ns
54* TCCF CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3 Output
Fall Time
PIC16F7X7 10 25 ns
PIC16LF7X7 25 45 ns
Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 18-11: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT TIMING (PIC16F747/777 DEVICES ONLY)
TABLE 18-9: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT REQUIREMENTS (PIC16F747/777 DEVICES ONLY)
Param
No.
62 TDTV2WRH Data In Valid before WR or CS (setup time) 20
25
ns
ns Extended range only
63* TWRH2DTI WR or CS to Data In Invalid
(hold time)
PIC16F7X7 20 ns
PIC16LF7X7 35 ns
64 TRDL2DTV RD and CS to Data Out Valid
80
90
ns
ns Extended range only
65 TRDH2DTI RD or CS to Data Out Invalid 10 30 ns
RE2/CS/AN7
RE0/RD/AN5
RE1/WR/AN6
RD7/PSP7:RD0/PSP0
62
63
64
65
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 18-12: SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 0, SMP = 0)
FIGURE 18-13: SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 1, SMP = 1)
SS
SCK
(CKP = 0)
SCK
(CKP = 1)
SDO
SDI
70
71 72
73
74
75, 76
78 79
80
79 78
MSb LSb bit 6 - - - - - -1
MSb In LSb In bit 6 - - - -1
SS
SCK
(CKP = 0)
SCK
(CKP = 1)
SDO
SDI
81
71 72
74
75, 76
78
80
MSb
79
73
MSb In
bit 6 - - - - - -1
LSb In
bit 6 - - - -1
LSb
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 18-14: SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)
FIGURE 18-15: SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)
SS
SCK
(CKP = 0)
SCK
(CKP = 1)
SDO
SDI
70
71 72
73
74
75, 76
77
78 79
80
79 78
MSb LSb bit 6 - - - - - -1
MSb In bit 6 - - - -1 LSb In
83
SS
SCK
(CKP = 0)
SCK
(CKP = 1)
SDO
SDI
70
71 72
82
74
75, 76
MSb bit 6 - - - - - -1 LSb
77
MSb In bit 6 - - - -1 LSb In
80
83
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 18-10: SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS
FIGURE 18-16: I
2
C BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING
Param
No.
70* TSSL2SCH,
TSSL2SCL
SS to SCK or SCK Input TCY ns
71* TSCH SCK Input High Time (Slave mode) TCY + 20 ns
72* TSCL SCK Input Low Time (Slave mode) TCY + 20 ns
73* TDIV2SCH,
TDIV2SCL
Setup Time of SDI Data Input to SCK Edge 100 ns
74* TSCH2DIL,
TSCL2DIL
Hold Time of SDI Data Input to SCK Edge 100 ns
75* TDOR SDO Data Output Rise Time PIC16F7X7
PIC16LF7X7
10
25
25
50
ns
ns
76* TDOF SDO Data Output Fall Time 10 25 ns
77* TSSH2DOZ SS to SDO Output High-Impedance 10 50 ns
78* TSCR SCK Output Rise Time
(Master mode)
PIC16F7X7
PIC16LF7X7
10
25
25
50
ns
ns
79* TSCF SCK Output Fall Time (Master mode) 10 25 ns
80* TSCH2DOV,
TSCL2DOV
SDO Data Output Valid after
SCK Edge
PIC16F7X7
PIC16LF7X7
50
145
ns
ns
81* TDOV2SCH,
TDOV2SCL
SDO Data Output Setup to SCK Edge TCY ns
82* TSSL2DOV SDO Data Output Valid after SS Edge 50 ns
83* TSCH2SSH,
TSCL2SSH
SS after SCK Edge 1.5 TCY + 40 ns
91
92
93
SCL
SDA
Start
Condition
Stop
Condition
90
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 18-11: I
2
C BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS
FIGURE 18-17: I
2
C BUS DATA TIMING
Param
No.
90* TSU:STA Start condition 100 kHz mode 4700 ns Only relevant for Repeated
Start condition
Setup time 400 kHz mode 600
91* THD:STA Start condition 100 kHz mode 4000 ns After this period, the first clock
pulse is generated
Hold time 400 kHz mode 600
92* TSU:STO Stop condition 100 kHz mode 4700 ns
Setup time 400 kHz mode 600
93 THD:STO Stop condition 100 kHz mode 4000 ns
Hold time 400 kHz mode 600
90
91 92
100
101
103
106 107
109 109
110
102
SCL
SDA
In
SDA
Out
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 18-12: I
2
C BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS
Param.
No.
Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
100* THIGH Clock High Time 100 kHz mode 4.0 s Device must operate at a
minimum of 1.5 MHz
400 kHz mode 0.6 s Device must operate at a
minimum of 10 MHz
SSP module 1.5 TCY
101* TLOW Clock Low Time 100 kHz mode 4.7 s Device must operate at a
minimum of 1.5 MHz
400 kHz mode 1.3 s Device must operate at a
minimum of 10 MHz
SSP module 1.5 TCY
102* TR SDA and SCL Rise
Time
100 kHz mode 1000 ns
400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns CB is specified to be from
10-400 pF
103* TF SDA and SCL Fall
Time
100 kHz mode 300 ns
400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns CB is specified to be from
10-400 pF
90* TSU:STA Start Condition
Setup Time
100 kHz mode 4.7 s Only relevant for Repeated
Start
condition
400 kHz mode 0.6 s
91* THD:STA Start Condition Hold
Time
100 kHz mode 4.0 s After this period, the first
clock pulse is generated
400 kHz mode 0.6 s
106* THD:DAT Data Input Hold
Time
100 kHz mode 0 ns
400 kHz mode 0 0.9 s
107* TSU:DAT Data Input Setup
Time
100 kHz mode 250 ns (Note 2)
400 kHz mode 100 ns
92* TSU:STO Stop Condition
Setup Time
100 kHz mode 4.7 s
400 kHz mode 0.6 s
109* TAA Output Valid from
Clock
100 kHz mode 3500 ns (Note 1)
400 kHz mode ns
110* TBUF Bus Free Time 100 kHz mode 4.7 s Time the bus must be free
before a new transmission
can start
400 kHz mode 1.3 s
CB Bus Capacitive Loading 400 pF
Note 1: As a transmitter, the device must provide this internal minimum delay time to bridge the undefined region
(min. 300 ns) of the falling edge of SCL to avoid unintended generation of Start or Stop conditions.
2: A fast mode (400 kHz) I
2
C bus device can be used in a standard mode (100 kHz) I
2
C bus system, but the
requirement, TSU:DAT 250 ns, must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not
stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal. If such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal,
it must output the next data bit to the SDA line, TR max. + TSU:DAT = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (according to
the standard mode I
2
C bus specification), before the SCL line is released.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 18-18: USART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING
TABLE 18-13: USART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION REQUIREMENTS
FIGURE 18-19: USART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING
TABLE 18-14: USART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE REQUIREMENTS
121
121
122
RC6/TX/CK
RC7/RX/DT
pin
pin
120
Param
No.
120 TCKH2DTV SYNC XMIT (MASTER &
SLAVE)
Clock High to Data Out Valid
PIC16F7X7
80 ns
PIC16LF7X7 100 ns
121 TCKRF Clock Out Rise Time and Fall Time
(Master mode)
PIC16F7X7 45 ns
PIC16LF7X7 50 ns
122 TDTRF Data Out Rise Time and Fall Time PIC16F7X7 45 ns
PIC16LF7X7 50 ns
125
126
RC6/TX/CK
RC7/RX/DT
pin
pin
Param
No.
125 TDTV2CKL SYNC RCV (MASTER & SLAVE)
Data Setup before CK (DT setup time) 15 ns
126 TCKL2DTL Data Hold after CK (DT hold time) 15 ns
PIC16F7X7
TABLE 18-15: A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS: PIC16F7X7 (INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED)
PIC16LF7X7 (INDUSTRIAL)
Param
No.
A01 NR Resolution PIC16F7X7 8 bits bit VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS VAIN VREF
PIC16LF7X7 8 bits bit VREF = VDD = 2.2V
A02 EABS Total Absolute Error < 1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS VAIN VREF
A03 EIL Integral Linearity Error < 1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS VAIN VREF
A04 EDL Differential Linearity Error < 1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS VAIN VREF
A05 EFS Full-Scale Error < 1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS VAIN VREF
A06 EOFF Offset Error < 1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS VAIN VREF
A10 Monotonicity (Note 3) guaranteed VSS VAIN VREF
A20 VREF Reference Voltage 2.5
2.2
5.5
5.5
V
V
-40C to +125C
0C to +125C
A25 VAIN Analog Input Voltage VSS 0.3 VREF + 0.3 V
A30 ZAIN Recommended Impedance of
Analog Voltage Source
10.0 k
A40 IAD A/D Conversion
Current (VDD)
PIC16F7X7 180 A Average current
consumption when A/D
is on (Note 1)
PIC16LF7X7 90 A
A50 IREF VREF Input Current (Note 2) N/A
5
500
A
A
During VAIN acquisition.
During A/D conversion
cycle.
Note 1: When A/D is off, it will not consume any current other than minor leakage current. The power-down current
spec includes any such leakage from the A/D module.
2: VREF current is from the RA3 pin or the VDD pin, whichever is selected as a reference input.
3: The A/D conversion result never decreases with an increase in the input voltage and has no missing
codes.
PIC16F7X7
FIGURE 18-20: A/D CONVERSION TIMING
TABLE 18-16: A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS
131
130
132
BSF ADCON0, GO
Q4
A/D CLK
A/D DATA
ADRES
ADIF
GO
SAMPLE
OLD_DATA
SAMPLING STOPPED
DONE
NEW_DATA
(TOSC/2)
(1)
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction
to be executed.
1 TCY
134
Param
No.
130 TAD A/D Clock Period PIC16F7X7 1.6 s TOSC based, VREF 3.0V
PIC16LF7X7 2.0 s TOSC based,
2.0V VREF 5.5V
PIC16F7X7 2.0 4.0 6.0 s A/D RC mode
PIC16LF7X7 3.0 6.0 9.0 s A/D RC mode
131 TCNV Conversion Time (not including
S/H time) (Note 1)
9 9 TAD
132 TACQ Acquisition Time 5* s The minimum time is the
amplifier settling time. This
may be used if the new input
voltage has not changed by
more than 1 LSb (i.e.,
20.0 mV @ 5.12V) from the
last sampled voltage (as
stated on CHOLD).
134 TGO Q4 to A/D Clock Start TOSC/2 If the A/D clock source is
selected as RC, a time of TCY
is added before the A/D clock
starts. This allows the SLEEP
instruction to be executed.
Note 1: ADRES register may be read on the following TCY cycle.
2: See Section 12.1 A/D Acquisition Requirements for minimum conditions.
PIC16F7X7
NOTES:
PIC16F7X7
19.0 DC AND AC
CHARACTERISTICS GRAPHS
AND TABLES
Graphs and tables are not available at this time.
PIC16F7X7
NOTES:
PIC16F7X7
20.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION
20.1 Package Marking Information
28-Lead PDIP (Skinny DIP)
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
Example
PIC16F737-I/SP
0310017
28-Lead SOIC
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
Example
PIC16F767-I/SO
0310017
28-Lead SSOP
XXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
Example
PIC16F737
-I/SS
0310017
28-Lead QFN
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
Example
16F737
-I/ML
0310017
Legend: XX...X Customer specific information*
Y Year code (last digit of calendar year)
YY Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
WW Week code (week of January 1 is week 01)
NNN Alphanumeric traceability code
Note: In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will
be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters
for customer specific information.
* Standard PICmicro device marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, and
traceability code. For PICmicro device marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check
with your Microchip Sales Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP
price.
PIC16F7X7
Package Marking Information (Contd)
Example
PIC16F777-I/P
0310017
40-Lead PDIP
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
44-Lead TQFP
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
Example
PIC16F777
-I/PT
0310017
XXXXXXXXXX
44-Lead QFN
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
PIC16F777
Example
-I/ML
0310017
PIC16F7X7
20.2 Package Details
The following sections give the technical details of the
packages.
28-Lead Skinny Plastic Dual In-line (SP) 300 mil (PDIP)
15 10 5 15 10 5 Mold Draft Angle Bottom
15 10 5 15 10 5 Mold Draft Angle Top
10.92 8.89 8.13 .430 .350 .320 eB Overall Row Spacing
0.56 0.48 0.41 .022 .019 .016 B Lower Lead Width
1.65 1.33 1.02 .065 .053 .040 B1 Upper Lead Width
0.38 0.29 0.20 .015 .012 .008 c Lead Thickness
3.43 3.30 3.18 .135 .130 .125 L Tip to Seating Plane
35.18 34.67 34.16 1.385 1.365 1.345 D Overall Length
7.49 7.24 6.99 .295 .285 .275 E1 Molded Package Width
8.26 7.87 7.62 .325 .310 .300 E Shoulder to Shoulder Width
0.38 .015 A1 Base to Seating Plane
3.43 3.30 3.18 .135 .130 .125 A2 Molded Package Thickness
4.06 3.81 3.56 .160 .150 .140 A Top to Seating Plane
2.54 .100
p
Pitch
28 28 n Number of Pins
MAX NOM MIN MAX NOM MIN Dimension Limits
MILLIMETERS INCHES* Units
2
1
D
n
E1
c
eB
p
L
A2
B
B1
A
A1
Notes:
JEDEC Equivalent: MO-095
Drawing No. C04-070
* Controlling Parameter
Dimension D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010 (0.254mm) per side.
Significant Characteristic
PIC16F7X7
28-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SO) Wide, 300 mil (SOIC)
Foot Angle Top 0 4 8 0 4 8
0.51 0.42 0.36 .020 .017 .014 B Lead Width
0.33 0.28 0.23 .013 .011 .009 c Lead Thickness
1.27 0.84 0.41 .050 .033 .016 L Foot Length
0.74 0.50 0.25 .029 .020 .010 h Chamfer Distance
18.08 17.87 17.65 .712 .704 .695 D Overall Length
10.67 10.34 10.01 .420 .407 .394 E Overall Width
0.30 0.20 0.10 .012 .008 .004 A1 Standoff
2.64 2.50 2.36 .104 .099 .093 A Overall Height
1.27 .050
p
Pitch
2
1
D
p
n
B
E
E1
L
c
45
h
A2
A
A1
Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010 (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MS-013
Drawing No. C04-052
PIC16F7X7
28-Lead Plastic Shrink Small Outline (SS) 209 mil, 5.30 mm (SSOP)
Notes:
.010 (0.254mm) per side.
Drawing No. C04-073
0.38 0.32 0.25 .015 .013 .010 B Lead Width
203.20 101.60 0.00 8 4 0 Foot Angle
0.25 0.18 0.10 .010 .007 .004 c Lead Thickness
0.94 0.75 0.56 .037 .030 .022 L Foot Length
10.34 10.20 10.06 .407 .402 .396 D Overall Length
8.10 7.85 7.59 .319 .309 .299 E Overall Width
0.25 0.15 0.05 .010 .006 .002 A1 Standoff
1.98 1.85 1.73 .078 .073 .068 A Overall Height
0.65 .026
p
Pitch
MILLIMETERS* INCHES Units
2
1
D
p
n
B
E1
E
L
A2
A1
A
PIC16F7X7
28-Lead Plastic Quad Flat No Lead Package (ML) 6x6 mm Body, Punch Singulated (QFN)
Lead Width
*Controlling Parameter
Drawing No. C04-114
Notes:
Mold Draft Angle Top
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not
exceed .010" (0.254mm) per side.
B
.009
12
.011 .014 0.23
12
0.28 0.35
Pitch
Number of Pins
Overall Width
Standoff
Molded Package Length
Overall Length
Molded Package Width
Molded Package Thickness
Overall Height
MAX
Units
Dimension Limits
A2
A1
E1
D
D1
E
n
p
A
.026
.236 BSC
.000
.226 BSC
INCHES
.026 BSC
MIN
28
NOM MAX
0.65 .031
.002 0.00
6.00 BSC
5.75 BSC
MILLIMETERS*
.039
MIN
28
0.65 BSC
NOM
0.80
0.05
1.00
.008 REF Base Thickness A3 0.20 REF
JEDEC equivalent: mMO-220
0.85 .033
.0004 0.01
.236 BSC
.226 BSC
6.00 BSC
5.75 BSC
Lead Length
Tie Bar Width
L .020 .024 .030 0.50 0.60 0.75
R .005 .007 .010 0.13 0.17 0.23
Tie Bar Length Q .012 .016 .026 0.30 0.40 0.65
Chamfer CH .009 .017 .024 0.24 0.42 0.60
E2
D2
Exposed Pad Width
Exposed Pad Length .140 .146 .152 3.55 3.70 3.85
.140 .146 .152 3.55 3.70 3.85
D
E
E1
n
1
2
D1
A
A2
EXPOSED
METAL
PADS
BOTTOM VIEW
TOP VIEW
Q
L
R
p
A1
A3
CH X 45
B
D2
E2
PIC16F7X7
40-Lead Plastic Dual In-line (P) 600 mil (PDIP)
17.27 16.51 15.75 .680 .650 .620 eB Overall Row Spacing
0.56 0.46 0.36 .022 .018 .014 B Lower Lead Width
1.78 1.27 0.76 .070 .050 .030 B1 Upper Lead Width
0.38 0.29 0.20 .015 .012 .008 c Lead Thickness
3.43 3.30 3.05 .135 .130 .120 L Tip to Seating Plane
52.45 52.26 51.94 2.065 2.058 2.045 D Overall Length
15.88 15.24 15.11 .625 .600 .595 E Shoulder to Shoulder Width
0.38 .015 A1 Base to Seating Plane
4.83 4.45 4.06 .190 .175 .160 A Top to Seating Plane
2.54 .100
p
Pitch
A2
1
2
D
n
E1
c
eB
E
p
L
B
B1
A
A1
Notes:
.010 (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MO-011
Drawing No. C04-016
PIC16F7X7
44-Lead Plastic Thin Quad Flatpack (PT) 10x10x1 mm Body, 1.0/0.10 mm Lead Form (TQFP)
Notes:
Dimensions D1 and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010 (0.254mm) per side.
Drawing No. C04-076
1.14 0.89 0.64 .045 .035 .025 CH Pin 1 Corner Chamfer
1.00 .039 (F) Footprint (Reference)
(F)
A
A1 A2
E
E1
#leads=n1
p
B
D1 D
n
1
2
L
Units INCHES MILLIMETERS*
Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 44 44
Pitch
p
.031 0.80
Overall Height A .039 .043 .047 1.00 1.10 1.20
Molded Package Thickness A2 .037 .039 .041 0.95 1.00 1.05
Standoff A1 .002 .004 .006 0.05 0.10 0.15
Foot Length L .018 .024 .030 0.45 0.60 0.75
Foot Angle 0 3.5 7 0 3.5 7
Overall Width E .463 .472 .482 11.75 12.00 12.25
Overall Length D .463 .472 .482 11.75 12.00 12.25
Molded Package Width E1 .390 .394 .398 9.90 10.00 10.10
Molded Package Length D1 .390 .394 .398 9.90 10.00 10.10
Pins per Side n1 11 11
Lead Thickness c .004 .006 .008 0.09 0.15 0.20
Lead Width B .012 .015 .017 0.30 0.38 0.44
Mold Draft Angle Top 5 10 15 5 10 15
Mold Draft Angle Bottom 5 10 15 5 10 15
CH x 45
PIC16F7X7
44-Lead Plastic Quad Flat No Lead Package (ML) 8x8 mm Body (QFN)
Contact Width
*Controlling Parameter
Drawing No. C04-103
Notes:
1.
2.
B .008 .013 .013 0.20 0.33 0.35
Pitch
Number of Contacts
Overall Width
Standoff
Overall Length
Overall Height
MAX
Units
Dimension Limits
A1
D
E
n
p
A
.000
INCHES
.026 BSC
MIN
44
NOM MAX
.002 0
MILLIMETERS*
.039
MIN
44
0.65 BSC
NOM
0.05
1.00
.010 REF Base Thickness (A3) 0.25 REF
4.
0.90 .035
.001 0.02
.315 8.00
Contact Length L .014 .016 .019 0.35 0.40 0.48
E2
D2
Exposed Pad Width
Exposed Pad Length .246 .268 .274 6.25 6.80 6.95
.246 .268 .274 6.25 6.80 6.95
D2
D
A1
(A3)
A
TOP VIEW
n
1
L
E2
BOTTOM VIEW
B
E
2
PAD
METAL
EXPOSED
p
PIN 1
INDEX ON
EXPOSED PAD
TOP MARKING
INDEX ON
OPTIONAL PIN 1
.031 0.80
DETAIL: CONTACT VARIANTS
7.85 8.15 .321 .309
.309 .315 8.00 7.85 .321 8.15
2 2
1 1
BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances.
JEDEC equivalent: M0-220
REF: Reference Dimension, usually without tolerance, for information purposes only.
See ASME Y14.5M
See ASME Y14.5M
3. Contact profiles may vary.
(PROFILE MAY VARY)
PIC16F7X7
NOTES:
PIC16F7X7
APPENDIX A: REVISION HISTORY
Revision A (June 2003)
This is a new data sheet. However, these devices are
similar to the PIC16C7X devices found in the
PIC16C7X Data Sheet (DS30390) or the PIC16F87X
devices (DS30292).
Revision B (November 2003)
This revision includes updates to the Electrical Specifi-
cations in Section 18.0 Electrical Characteristics
and minor corrections to the data sheet text.
APPENDIX B: DEVICE
DIFFERENCES
The differences between the devices in this data sheet
are listed in Table B-1.
TABLE B-1: DEVICE DIFFERENCES
Difference PIC16F737 PIC16F747 PIC16F767 PIC16F777
Flash Program Memory
(14-bit words)
4K 4K 8K 8K
Data Memory (bytes) 368 368 368 368
I/O Ports 3 5 3 5
A/D 11 channels,
10 bits
14 channels,
10 bits
11 channels,
10 bits
14 channels,
10 bits
Parallel Slave Port no yes no yes
Interrupt Sources 16 17 16 17
Packages 28-pin PDIP
28-pin SOIC
28-pin SSOP
28-pin QFN
40-pin PDIP
44-pin QFN
44-pin TQFP
28-pin PDIP
28-pin SOIC
28-pin SSOP
28-pin QFN
40-pin PDIP
44-pin QFN
44-pin TQFP
PIC16F7X7
APPENDIX C: CONVERSION
CONSIDERATIONS
Considerations for converting from previous versions
of devices to the ones listed in this data sheet are listed
in Table C-1.
TABLE C-1: CONVERSION CONSIDERATIONS
Characteristic PIC16C7X PIC16F87X PIC16F7X7
Pins 28/40 28/40 28/40
Timers 3 3 3
Interrupts 11 or 12 13 or 14 16 or 17
Communication PSP, USART, SSP
(SPI, I
2
C Slave)
PSP, USART, SSP
(SPI, I
2
C Master/Slave)
PSP, AUSART, MSSP
(SPI, I
2
C Slave)
Frequency 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
A/D 8-bit 10-bit 10-bit
CCP 2 2 3
Program Memory 4K, 8K EPROM 4K, 8K Flash
(1,000 E/W cycles)
4K, 8K Flash
(100 E/W cycles)
RAM 192, 368 bytes 192, 368 bytes 368 bytes
EEPROM Data None 128, 256 bytes None
Other In-Circuit Debugger,
Low-Voltage Programming

PIC16F7X7
INDEX
A
A/D
A/D Converter Interrupt, Configuring ........................ 155
Acquisition Requirements ......................................... 156
ADRESH Register..................................................... 154
Analog Port Pins ......................................................... 68
Analog-to-Digital Converter....................................... 151
Associated Registers ................................................ 160
Automatic Acquisition Time....................................... 157
Calculating Acquisition Time..................................... 156
Configuring Analog Port Pins.................................... 158
Configuring the Module............................................. 155
Conversion Clock...................................................... 157
Conversion Requirements ........................................ 235
Conversion Status (GO/DONE Bit) ........................... 154
Conversions.............................................................. 159
Converter Characteristics ......................................... 234
Delays....................................................................... 156
Effects of a Reset...................................................... 160
Internal Sampling Switch (Rss) Impedance.............. 156
Operation During Sleep ............................................ 160
Operation in Power Managed Modes ....................... 158
Source Impedance.................................................... 156
Time Delays.............................................................. 156
Using the CCP Trigger.............................................. 160
Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................................. 207
ACKSTAT ......................................................................... 123
ADCON0 Register
GO/DONE Bit............................................................ 154
Addressable Universal Synchronous Asynchronous
Receiver Transmitter. See USART.
ADRESL Register ............................................................. 154
Application Notes
AN552 (Implementing Wake-up on Key Stroke) ......... 56
AN556 (Implementing a Table Read) ......................... 29
AN607 (Power-up Trouble Shooting)........................ 173
Assembler
MPASM Assembler................................................... 201
Asynchronous Reception
Associated Registers ........................................ 141, 143
Asynchronous Transmission
B
Banking, Data Memory ....................................................... 15
Baud Rate Generator ........................................................ 119
BF ..................................................................................... 123
Block Diagrams
A/D............................................................................ 155
Analog Input Model ........................................... 156, 165
Baud Rate Generator................................................ 119
Capture Mode Operation ............................................ 89
Comparator I/O Operating Modes............................. 162
Comparator Output ................................................... 164
Comparator Voltage Reference ................................ 168
Compare ..................................................................... 89
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor............................................. 189
In-Circuit Serial Programming Connections.............. 192
Interrupt Logic ........................................................... 184
Low-Voltage Detect (LVD) ........................................ 175
Low-Voltage Detect (LVD) with External Input.......... 175
MSSP (I
2
C Master Mode) ......................................... 117
MSSP (I
2
C Mode) ..................................................... 102
MSSP (SPI Mode) ...................................................... 93
On-Chip Reset Circuit............................................... 172
OSC1/CLKI/RA7 Pin................................................... 54
OSC2/CLKO/RA6 Pin................................................. 53
PIC16F737 and PIC16F767 ......................................... 6
PIC16F747 and PIC16F777 ......................................... 7
PORTC (Peripheral Output Override)
RC<2:0>, RC<7:5> Pins..................................... 65
PORTC (Peripheral Output Override)
RC<4:3> Pins ..................................................... 65
PORTD (In I/O Port Mode) ......................................... 67
PORTD and PORTE (Parallel Slave Port).................. 70
PORTE (In I/O Port Mode) ......................................... 68
PWM Mode................................................................. 91
RA0/AN0:RA1/AN1 Pins............................................. 50
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF Pin ........................................ 51
RA3/AN3/VREF+ Pin ................................................... 50
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT Pin.............................................. 51
RA5/AN4/LVDIN/SS/C2OUT Pin................................ 52
RB0/INT/AN12 Pin...................................................... 57
RB1/AN10 Pin ............................................................ 57
RB2/AN8 Pin .............................................................. 58
RB3/CCP2/AN9 Pin.................................................... 59
RB4/AN11 Pin ............................................................ 60
RB5/AN13/CCP3 Pin.................................................. 61
RB6/PGC Pin.............................................................. 62
RB7/PGD Pin.............................................................. 63
Recommended MCLR Circuit ................................... 173
System Clock.............................................................. 39
Timer0/WDT Prescaler ............................................... 73
Timer1 ........................................................................ 79
Timer2 ........................................................................ 85
USART Receive ............................................... 140, 142
USART Transmit ...................................................... 138
Watchdog Timer (WDT)............................................ 186
BOR. See Brown-out Reset.
BRG. See Baud Rate Generator.
BRGH Bit .......................................................................... 135
Brown-out Reset (BOR).................... 169, 172, 173, 179, 180
Bus Collision During a Repeated Start Condition............. 130
Bus Collision During a Start Condition.............................. 128
Bus Collision During a Stop Condition.............................. 131
C
C Compilers
MPLAB C17.............................................................. 202
MPLAB C18.............................................................. 202
MPLAB C30.............................................................. 202
Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) .......................................... 87
Capture Mode............................................................. 89
Prescaler ............................................................ 89
CCP Pin Configuration ......................................... 89, 90
Compare Mode........................................................... 89
Software Interrupt Mode..................................... 90
Special Event Trigger Output ............................. 90
Timer1 Mode Selection....................................... 90
Example PWM Frequencies and Resolutions ............ 92
Interaction of Two CCP Modules................................ 87
PWM Duty Cycle ........................................................ 91
PWM Mode................................................................. 91
PWM Period ............................................................... 91
Registers Associated with Capture,
Compare and Timer1.......................................... 90
Registers Associated with PWM and Timer2 ............. 92
PIC16F7X7
Setup for PWM Operation........................................... 92
Special Event Trigger.................................................. 90
Timer Resources......................................................... 87
CCP1 Module...................................................................... 87
CCP2 Module...................................................................... 87
CCP3 Module...................................................................... 87
CCPR1H Register ............................................................... 87
CCPR1L Register................................................................ 87
CCPxM<3:0> Bits................................................................ 88
CCPxX and CCPxY Bits...................................................... 88
Clock Sources..................................................................... 37
Selection Using OSCCON Register ............................ 37
Clock Switching................................................................... 37
Modes (table) .............................................................. 47
Transition and the Watchdog Timer ............................ 38
Code Examples
Call of a Subroutine in Page 1 from Page 0................ 29
Changing Between Capture Prescalers...................... 89
Changing Prescaler Assignment from
WDT to Timer0.................................................... 76
Flash Program Read................................................... 32
Implementing a Real-Time Clock Using a
Timer1 Interrupt Service ..................................... 82
Indirect Addressing ..................................................... 30
Initializing PORTA....................................................... 49
Loading the SSPBUF (SSPSR) Register .................... 96
Reading a 16-bit Free Running Timer......................... 80
Saving Status and W Registers in RAM ................... 185
Writing a 16-bit Free Running Timer ........................... 80
Code Protection ........................................................ 169, 192
Comparator Module .......................................................... 161
Analog Input Connection Considerations.................. 165
Configuration............................................................. 162
Interrupts................................................................... 164
Operation .................................................................. 163
Operation During Sleep ............................................ 165
Outputs ..................................................................... 163
Reference ................................................................. 163
Response Time......................................................... 163
Comparator Specifications................................................ 219
Comparator Voltage Reference ........................................ 167
Computed GOTO................................................................ 29
Configuration Bits.............................................................. 169
Conversion Considerations ............................................... 250
Crystal and Ceramic Resonators ........................................ 33
D
Data Memory....................................................................... 15
Bank Select (RP1:RP0 Bits) ....................................... 15
General Purpose Registers......................................... 15
Map for PIC16F737 and PIC16F767 .......................... 16
Map for PIC16F747 and PIC16F777 .......................... 17
Special Function Registers ......................................... 18
DC and AC Characteristics
Graphs and Tables ................................................... 237
DC Characteristics .................................................... 209, 217
Internal RC Accuracy ................................................ 216
Power-down and Supply Current .............................. 210
Demonstration Boards
PICDEM 1................................................................. 204
PICDEM 17............................................................... 204
PICDEM 18R PIC18C601/801.................................. 205
PICDEM 2 Plus......................................................... 204
PICDEM 3 PIC16C92X............................................. 204
PICDEM 4................................................................. 204
PICDEM LIN PIC16C43X......................................... 205
PICDEM USB PIC16C7X5 ....................................... 205
PICDEM.net Internet/Ethernet .................................. 204
Development Support ....................................................... 201
Device Differences............................................................ 249
Device Overview................................................................... 5
Features ....................................................................... 5
Direct Addressing ............................................................... 30
E
Electrical Characteristics .................................................. 207
Errata.................................................................................... 4
Evaluation and Programming Tools.................................. 205
External Clock Input............................................................ 34
External Reference Signal ................................................ 163
F
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ............................................ 169, 189
Firmware Instructions ....................................................... 193
FSR Register ...................................................................... 30
G
General Call Address Support .......................................... 116
I
I/O Ports.............................................................................. 49
I
2
C Mode
Registers .................................................................. 102
I
2
C Mode........................................................................... 102
ACK Pulse ........................................................ 106, 107
Acknowledge Sequence Timing ............................... 126
Baud Rate Generator ............................................... 119
Bus Collision
Repeated Start Condition ................................. 130
Start Condition.................................................. 128
Stop Condition.................................................. 131
Clock Arbitration ....................................................... 120
Effect of a Reset ....................................................... 127
General Call Address Support .................................. 116
Master Mode............................................................. 117
Operation.......................................................... 118
Repeated Start Condition Timing ..................... 122
Master Mode Reception............................................ 123
Master Mode Start Condition.................................... 121
Master Mode Transmission ...................................... 123
Multi-Master Communication, Bus Collision
and Arbitration .................................................. 127
Multi-Master Mode.................................................... 127
Read/Write Bit Information (R/W Bit) ................ 106, 107
Serial Clock (RC3/SCK/SCL).................................... 107
Slave Mode............................................................... 106
Addressing........................................................ 106
Reception ......................................................... 107
Transmission .................................................... 107
Sleep Operation........................................................ 127
Stop Condition Timing .............................................. 126
PIC16F7X7
ID Locations .............................................................. 169, 192
In-Circuit Debugger ........................................................... 192
In-Circuit Serial Programming........................................... 169
In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) ............................... 192
INDF Register ..................................................................... 30
Indirect Addressing ............................................................. 30
FSR Register .............................................................. 15
Instruction Format ............................................................. 193
Instruction Set ................................................................... 193
ADDLW..................................................................... 195
ADDWF..................................................................... 195
ANDLW..................................................................... 195
ANDWF..................................................................... 195
BCF........................................................................... 195
BSF........................................................................... 195
BTFSC...................................................................... 195
BTFSS ...................................................................... 195
CALL......................................................................... 196
CLRF......................................................................... 196
CLRW....................................................................... 196
CLRWDT................................................................... 196
COMF ....................................................................... 196
DECF ........................................................................ 196
DECFSZ.................................................................... 197
GOTO ....................................................................... 197
INCF.......................................................................... 197
INCFSZ..................................................................... 197
IORLW...................................................................... 197
IORWF...................................................................... 197
MOVF........................................................................ 198
MOVLW.................................................................... 198
MOVWF .................................................................... 198
NOP.......................................................................... 198
RETFIE..................................................................... 198
RETLW..................................................................... 198
RETURN................................................................... 199
RLF ........................................................................... 199
RRF........................................................................... 199
SLEEP ...................................................................... 199
SUBLW..................................................................... 199
SUBWF..................................................................... 199
SWAPF ..................................................................... 200
XORLW..................................................................... 200
XORWF..................................................................... 200
Summary Table......................................................... 194
INT Interrupt (RB0/INT). See Interrupt Sources.
INTCON Register
GIE Bit......................................................................... 23
INT0IE Bit.................................................................... 23
INT0IF Bit .................................................................... 23
PEIE Bit....................................................................... 23
RBIF Bit................................................................. 23, 56
TMR0IE Bit.................................................................. 23
Inter-Integrated Circuit. See I
2
C.
Internal Oscillator Block ...................................................... 35
INTRC Modes ............................................................. 36
Internal Reference Signal ................................................. 163
Interrupt Sources ...................................................... 169, 184
A/D Conversion Complete ........................................ 155
Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) ................................. 56
RB0/INT Pin, External ............................................... 185
TMR0 Overflow......................................................... 185
USART Receive/Transmit Complete ........................ 133
Interrupts
Exiting Sleep with ....................................................... 48
Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt .............................. 25
Interrupts, Context Saving During..................................... 185
Interrupts, Enable Bits
Global Interrupt Enable (GIE Bit)........................ 23, 184
Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) Enable
(RBIE Bit).......................................................... 185
Peripheral Interrupt Enable (PEIE Bit)........................ 23
RB0/INT Enable (INT0IE Bit)...................................... 23
TMR0 Overflow Enable (TMR0IE Bit)......................... 23
Interrupts, Flag Bits
Interrupt-on Change (RB7:RB4) Flag
(RBIF Bit)............................................................ 23
Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) Flag
(RBIF Bit).............................................. 23, 56, 185
RB0/INT Flag (INT0IF Bit) .......................................... 23
TMR0 Overflow Flag (TMR0IF Bit) ........................... 185
INTRC Modes
Adjustment.................................................................. 36
L
Load Conditions................................................................ 221
Loading of PC..................................................................... 29
Low-Voltage Detect .......................................................... 174
Characteristics.......................................................... 220
Effects of a Reset ..................................................... 178
Operation.................................................................. 177
Current Consumption ....................................... 178
Reference Voltage Set Point ............................ 178
Operation During Sleep............................................ 178
Low-Voltage Detect (LVD) ................................................ 169
LVD. See Low-Voltage Detect.
M
Master Clear (MCLR)
MCLR Reset, Normal Operation............... 172, 179, 180
MCLR Reset, Sleep.................................. 172, 179, 180
Operation and ESD Protection ................................. 173
Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP). See MSSP.
MCLR/VPP/RE3 Pin.............................................................. 8
MCLR/VPP/RE3 Pin............................................................ 11
Memory Organization ......................................................... 15
Data Memory .............................................................. 15
Program Memory........................................................ 15
Program Memory and Stack Maps ............................. 15
MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, Librarian................... 202
MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger ................................... 203
MPLAB ICE 2000 High-Performance
Universal In-Circuit Emulator.................................... 203
MPLAB ICE 4000 High-Performance
Universal In-Circuit Emulator.................................... 203
MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment Software .............................................. 201
MPLINK Object Linker/MPLIB Object Librarian................ 202
MSSP ................................................................................. 93
I
2
C Mode. See I
2
C.
SPI Mode.................................................................... 93
SPI Mode. See SPI.
MSSP Mode
SPI Slave Mode.......................................................... 99
PIC16F7X7
MSSP Module
Clock Stretching........................................................ 112
10-bit Slave Receive Mode (SEN = 1) .............. 112
10-bit Slave Transmit Mode.............................. 112
7-bit Slave Receive Mode (SEN = 1) ................ 112
7-bit Slave Transmit Mode................................ 112
Clock Synchronization and the CKP Bit .................... 113
Control Registers (General) ........................................ 93
Operation .................................................................. 106
Overview..................................................................... 93
SPI Master Mode ........................................................ 98
SSPBUF...................................................................... 98
SSPSR........................................................................ 98
Multi-Master Mode ............................................................ 127
O
Opcode Field Descriptions................................................ 193
OPTION_REG Register
INTEDG Bit ................................................................. 22
PS2:PS0 Bits .............................................................. 22
PSA Bit........................................................................ 22
RBPU Bit ..................................................................... 22
T0CS Bit...................................................................... 22
T0SE Bit ...................................................................... 22
OSC1/CLKI/RA7 Pin ....................................................... 8, 11
OSC2/CLKO/RA6 Pin ..................................................... 8, 11
Oscillator Configuration....................................................... 33
ECIO........................................................................... 33
EXTRC...................................................................... 179
HS....................................................................... 33, 179
INTIO1 ........................................................................ 33
INTIO2 ........................................................................ 33
INTRC....................................................................... 179
LP........................................................................ 33, 179
RC......................................................................... 33, 35
RCIO........................................................................... 33
XT ....................................................................... 33, 179
Oscillator Control Register
Modifying IRCF Bits .................................................... 39
Clock Transition Sequence................................. 40
Oscillator Delay upon Power-up, Wake-up
and Clock Switching.................................................... 40
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ................................ 169, 173
Oscillator Switching............................................................. 37
P
Packaging ......................................................................... 239
Marking ..................................................................... 239
Paging, Program Memory ................................................... 29
Parallel Slave Port
Associated Registers .................................................. 71
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) .............................................. 67, 70
RE0/RD/AN5 Pin......................................................... 68
RE1/WR/AN6 Pin........................................................ 68
RE2/CS/AN7 Pin......................................................... 68
Select (PSPMODE Bit) ......................................... 67, 68
PCL Register....................................................................... 29
PCLATH Register................................................................ 29
PCON Register ................................................................. 178
POR Bit ....................................................................... 28
Peripheral Interrupt (PEIE Bit)............................................. 23
PICkit 1 Flash Starter Kit ................................................... 205
PICSTART Plus Development Programmer ..................... 203
Pinout Descriptions
PIC16F737/PIC16F767 .......................................... 810
PIC16F747/PIC16F777 ........................................ 1114
PMADR Register ................................................................ 31
POP.................................................................................... 29
POR. See Power-on Reset.
PORTA ........................................................................... 8, 11
Associated Registers.................................................. 55
PORTA Register ......................................................... 49
TRISA Register........................................................... 49
PORTA Register ................................................................. 49
PORTB ........................................................................... 9, 12
PORTB Register ......................................................... 56
Pull-up Enable (RBPU Bit).......................................... 22
RB0/INT Edge Select (INTEDG Bit) ........................... 22
RB0/INT Pin, External............................................... 185
RB7:RB4 Interrupt-on-Change ................................. 185
RB7:RB4 Interrupt-on-Change Enable
(RBIE Bit).......................................................... 185
RB7:RB4 Interrupt-on-Change Flag
(RBIF Bit).............................................. 23, 56, 185
TRISB Register........................................................... 56
PORTB Register ................................................................. 56
PORTC......................................................................... 10, 13
PORTC Register......................................................... 65
RC3/SCK/SCL Pin.................................................... 107
RC6/TX/CK Pin......................................................... 134
RC7/RX/DT Pin................................................. 134, 135
TRISC Register................................................... 65, 133
PORTC Register................................................................. 65
PORTD............................................................................... 14
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Function............................. 67
PORTD Register......................................................... 67
TRISD Register........................................................... 67
PORTD Register................................................................. 67
PORTE ............................................................................... 14
Analog Port Pins......................................................... 68
Input Buffer Full Status (IBF Bit) ................................. 69
Input Buffer Overflow (IBOV Bit)................................. 69
PORTE Register ......................................................... 68
PSP Mode Select (PSPMODE Bit) ....................... 67, 68
RE0/RD/AN5 Pin ........................................................ 68
RE1/WR/AN6 Pin........................................................ 68
RE2/CS/AN7 Pin......................................................... 68
TRISE Register........................................................... 68
PORTE Register ................................................................. 68
Postscaler, WDT
Assignment (PSA Bit) ................................................. 22
Rate Select (PS2:PS0 Bits) ........................................ 22
Power Managed Modes...................................................... 41
RC_RUN..................................................................... 41
SEC_RUN................................................................... 42
SEC_RUN/RC_RUN to Primary Clock Source........... 43
Power-down Mode. See Sleep.
Power-on Reset (POR)..................... 169, 172, 173, 179, 180
POR Status (POR Bit) ................................................ 28
Power Control (PCON) Register............................... 178
Power-down (PD Bit) ................................................ 172
Time-out (TO Bit) ................................................ 21, 172
PIC16F7X7
Power-up Timer (PWRT) .......................................... 169, 173
PR2 Register....................................................................... 85
Prescaler, Timer0
Assignment (PSA Bit) ................................................. 22
Rate Select (PS2:PS0 Bits) ........................................ 22
PRO MATE II Universal Device Programmer ................... 203
Program Counter
Reset Conditions....................................................... 179
Program Memory
Flash
Associated Registers .......................................... 32
Interrupt Vector ........................................................... 15
Memory and Stack Maps ............................................ 15
Operation During Code-Protect .................................. 32
Organization................................................................ 15
Paging......................................................................... 29
PMADR Register......................................................... 31
PMADRH Register ...................................................... 31
Reading....................................................................... 31
Reading Flash............................................................. 32
Reading, PMADR Register ......................................... 31
Reading, PMADRH Register....................................... 31
Reading, PMCON1 Register....................................... 31
Reading, PMDATA Register ....................................... 31
Reading, PMDATH Register ....................................... 31
Reset Vector ............................................................... 15
Program Verification ......................................................... 192
Programming, Device Instructions .................................... 193
PUSH.................................................................................. 29
R
RA0/AN0 Pin................................................................... 8, 11
RA1/AN1 Pin................................................................... 8, 11
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF Pin............................................. 8, 11
RA3/AN3/VREF+ Pin........................................................ 8, 11
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT Pin .................................................. 8, 11
RA5/AN4/LVDIN/SS/C2OUT Pin .................................... 8, 11
RAM. See Data Memory.
RB0/INT/AN12 Pin .......................................................... 9, 12
RB1/AN10 Pin................................................................. 9, 12
RB2/AN8 Pin................................................................... 9, 12
RB3/CCP2/AN9 Pin ........................................................ 9, 12
RB4/AN11 Pin................................................................. 9, 12
RB5/AN13/CCP3 Pin ...................................................... 9, 12
RB6/PGC Pin .................................................................. 9, 12
RB7/PGD Pin .................................................................. 9, 12
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI Pin ................................................ 10, 13
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 Pin................................................... 10, 13
RC2/CCP1 Pin .............................................................. 10, 13
RC3/SCK/SCL Pin ........................................................ 10, 13
RC4/SDI/SDA Pin ......................................................... 10, 13
RC5/SDO Pin................................................................ 10, 13
RC6/TX/CK Pin............................................................. 10, 13
RC7/RX/DT Pin............................................................. 10, 13
RCIO Oscillator ................................................................... 35
RCSTA Register
ADDEN Bit ................................................................ 134
CREN Bit................................................................... 134
FERR Bit ................................................................... 134
OERR Bit .................................................................. 134
RX9 Bit ...................................................................... 134
RX9D Bit ................................................................... 134
SPEN Bit ........................................................... 133, 134
SREN Bit................................................................... 134
RD0/PSP0 Pin .................................................................... 14
RD1/PSP1 Pin .................................................................... 14
RD2/PSP2 Pin .................................................................... 14
RD3/PSP3 Pin .................................................................... 14
RD4/PSP4 Pin .................................................................... 14
RD5/PSP5 Pin .................................................................... 14
RD6/PSP6 Pin .................................................................... 14
RD7/PSP7 Pin .................................................................... 14
RE0/RD/AN5 Pin ................................................................ 14
RE1/WR/AN6 Pin................................................................ 14
RE2/CS/AN7 Pin................................................................. 14
Read-Modify-Write Operations ......................................... 193
Register File........................................................................ 15
Registers
ADCON0 (A/D Control 0).......................................... 152
ADCON1 (A/D Control 1).......................................... 153
CCPxCON (CCPx Control)......................................... 88
CMCON (Comparator Control) ................................. 161
CVRCON (Voltage Reference Control) .................... 167
Initialization Conditions (table).......................... 180181
INTCON (Interrupt Control) ........................................ 23
LVDCON (LVD Control)............................................ 176
OPTION_REG...................................................... 22, 75
OSCCON (Oscillator Control)..................................... 38
OSCTUNE (Oscillator Tuning).................................... 36
PCON (Power Control) ............................................... 28
PIE1 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 1) .......................... 24
PIE2 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 2) .......................... 26
PIR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Request 1) ........................ 25
PIR2 (Peripheral Interrupt Request 2) ........................ 27
PMCON1 (Program Memory Control 1) ..................... 31
RCSTA (Receive Status and Control) ...................... 134
Special Function, Summary.................................. 1820
SSPCON (MSSP Control) Register 1
(I
2
C Mode) ........................................................ 104
SSPCON (MSSP Control) Register 1
(SPI Mode) ......................................................... 95
SSPCON2 (MSSP Control) Register 2
(I
2
C Mode) ........................................................ 105
SSPSTAT (MSSP Status), I
2
C Mode ....................... 103
SSPSTAT (MSSP Status), SPI Mode......................... 94
Status ......................................................................... 21
T1CON (Timer1 Control) ............................................ 78
T2CON (Timer2 Control) ............................................ 86
TRISE......................................................................... 69
TXSTA (Transmit Status and Control)...................... 133
WDTCON (WDT Control) ......................................... 187
Reset ........................................................................ 169, 172
Brown-out Reset (BOR). See Brown-out Reset (BOR).
MCLR Reset. See MCLR.
Power-on Reset (POR). See Power-on Reset (POR).
Reset Conditions for All Registers.................... 180, 181
Reset Conditions for PCON Register ....................... 179
Reset Conditions for Program Counter .................... 179
Reset Conditions for Status Register ....................... 179
WDT Reset. See Watchdog Timer (WDT).
Revision History................................................................ 249
S
SCI. See USART.
SCK .................................................................................... 93
SDI...................................................................................... 93
SDO.................................................................................... 93
Serial Clock, SCK............................................................... 93
Serial Communication Interface. See USART.
PIC16F7X7
Serial Data In, SDI .............................................................. 93
Serial Data Out, SDO.......................................................... 93
Serial Peripheral Interface. See SPI.
Slave Select Synchronization.............................................. 99
Slave Select, SS ................................................................. 93
Sleep................................................................. 169, 172, 190
Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM)..................................... 202
Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM30)................................. 202
Special Features of the CPU............................................. 169
Special Function Registers ..................................... 18, 1820
SPI Mode ...................................................................... 93, 99
Bus Mode Compatibility ............................................ 101
Enabling SPI I/O ......................................................... 97
Master Mode............................................................... 98
Master/Slave Connection............................................ 97
Serial Clock................................................................. 93
Serial Data In .............................................................. 93
Serial Data Out ........................................................... 93
Slave Select ................................................................ 93
Slave Select Synchronization ..................................... 99
Sleep Operation ........................................................ 101
SPI Clock .................................................................... 98
Typical Connection ..................................................... 97
SS ....................................................................................... 93
SSP
SPI Master/Slave Connection ..................................... 97
SSPIF Bit............................................................................. 25
SSPOV.............................................................................. 123
SSPSTAT Register
R/W Bit .............................................................. 106, 107
Stack ................................................................................... 29
Overflows .................................................................... 29
Underflow.................................................................... 29
Status Register
C Bit ............................................................................ 21
DC Bit.......................................................................... 21
IRP Bit ......................................................................... 21
PD Bit .................................................................. 21, 172
TO Bit .................................................................. 21, 172
Z Bit............................................................................. 21
Synchronous Master Reception
Synchronous Master Transmission
Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Flag Bit (SSPIF) ............ 25
Synchronous Slave Reception
Synchronous Slave Transmission
T
T1CKPS0 Bit ....................................................................... 78
T1CKPS1 Bit ....................................................................... 78
T1OSCEN Bit ...................................................................... 78
T1SYNC Bit ......................................................................... 78
T2CKPS0 Bit ....................................................................... 86
T2CKPS1 Bit ....................................................................... 86
TAD.................................................................................... 157
Time-out Sequence........................................................... 178
Timer0................................................................................. 73
Clock Source Edge Select (T0SE Bit) ........................ 22
Clock Source Select (T0CS Bit).................................. 22
External Clock............................................................. 74
Interrupt ...................................................................... 73
Operation.................................................................... 73
Overflow Enable (TMR0IE Bit).................................... 23
Overflow Flag (TMR0IF Bit) ...................................... 185
Overflow Interrupt ..................................................... 185
Prescaler .................................................................... 74
T0CKI ......................................................................... 74
Timer1................................................................................. 77
Asynchronous Counter Mode ..................................... 80
Reading and Writing........................................... 80
Capacitor Selection..................................................... 81
Counter Operation ...................................................... 79
Operation.................................................................... 77
Operation in Synchronized Counter Mode.................. 79
Operation in Timer Mode............................................ 79
Oscillator..................................................................... 81
Oscillator Layout Considerations................................ 81
Prescaler .................................................................... 82
Resetting Timer1 Register Pair................................... 82
Resetting Timer1 Using a CCP Trigger Output .......... 81
Use as a Real-Time Clock.......................................... 82
Timer2................................................................................. 85
Output ......................................................................... 85
Postscaler ................................................................... 85
Prescaler .................................................................... 85
Prescaler and Postscaler............................................ 85
Timing Diagrams
A/D Conversion......................................................... 235
Acknowledge Sequence ........................................... 126
Asynchronous Master Transmission......................... 139
Asynchronous Master Transmission
(Back to Back) .................................................. 139
Asynchronous Reception.......................................... 140
Asynchronous Reception with
Address Byte First ............................................ 143
Asynchronous Reception with
Address Detect ................................................. 143
Baud Rate Generator with Clock Arbitration............. 120
BRG Reset Due to SDA Arbitration During
Start Condition.................................................. 129
Brown-out Reset ....................................................... 224
Bus Collision During a Repeated Start
Condition (Case 1)............................................ 130
Bus Collision During a Repeated Start
Condition (Case 2)............................................ 130
Bus Collision During a Stop Condition
(Case 1)............................................................ 131
Bus Collision During a Stop Condition
(Case 2)............................................................ 131
Bus Collision During Start Condition
(SCL = 0) .......................................................... 129
Bus Collision During Start Condition
(SDA Only) ....................................................... 128
Bus Collision for Transmit and Acknowledge ........... 127
Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP1 and CCP2)............. 226
PIC16F7X7
CLKO and I/O ........................................................... 223
Clock Synchronization .............................................. 113
External Clock........................................................... 222
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor............................................. 189
First Start Bit ............................................................. 121
I
2
C Bus Data............................................................. 231
I
2
C Bus Start/Stop Bits.............................................. 230
I
2
C Master Mode (Reception,
7-bit Address) ................................................... 125
I
2
C Master Mode (Transmission,
7 or 10-bit Address) .......................................... 124
I
2
C Slave Mode (Transmission,
10-bit Address) ................................................. 111
I
2
C Slave Mode (Transmission,
7-bit Address) ................................................... 109
I
2
C Slave Mode with SEN = 0 (Reception,
10-bit Address) ................................................. 110
I
2
7-bit Address) ................................................... 108
I
2
10-bit Address) ................................................. 115
I
2
7-bit Address) ................................................... 114
Low-Voltage Detect................................................... 177
LP Clock to Primary System Clock after
Reset (EC, RC, INTRC) ...................................... 46
LP Clock to Primary System Clock after
Reset (HS, XT, LP) ............................................. 45
Parallel Slave Port .................................................... 227
Parallel Slave Port Read............................................. 71
Parallel Slave Port Write............................................. 71
Power-up Timer ........................................................ 224
PWM Output ............................................................... 91
Repeat Start Condition.............................................. 122
Reset......................................................................... 224
Slave Mode General Call Address Sequence
(7 or 10-bit Address Mode) ............................... 116
Slave Synchronization ................................................ 99
Slow Rise Time (MCLR Tied to VDD
Through RC Network) ....................................... 183
SPI Master Mode (CKE = 0, SMP = 0) ..................... 228
SPI Master Mode (CKE = 1, SMP = 1) ..................... 228
SPI Mode (Master Mode)............................................ 98
SPI Mode (Slave Mode with CKE = 0) ...................... 100
SPI Mode (Slave Mode with CKE = 1) ...................... 100
SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 0) ....................................... 229
SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 1) ....................................... 229
Start-up Timer ........................................................... 224
Stop Condition Receive or Transmit Mode ............... 126
Switching to SEC_RUN Mode .................................... 42
Synchronous Reception
(Master Mode, SREN) ...................................... 147
Synchronous Transmission....................................... 145
Synchronous Transmission (Through TXEN) ........... 145
Time-out Sequence on Power-up (MCLR
Tied to VDD Through Pull-up Resistor) ............. 182
Tied to VDD Through RC Network): Case 1...... 182
Tied to VDD Through RC Network): Case 2...... 182
Timer0 ...................................................................... 225
Timer1 ...................................................................... 225
Timer1 Incrementing Edge ......................................... 79
Transition Between SEC_RUN/RC_RUN
and Primary Clock .............................................. 44
Two-Speed Start-up ................................................. 188
USART Synchronous Receive
(Master/Slave) .................................................. 233
USART Synchronous Transmission
(Master/Slave) .................................................. 233
Wake-up from Sleep via Interrupt ............................. 191
Watchdog Timer ....................................................... 224
XT, HS, LP, EC, EXTRC to RC_RUN Mode .............. 41
Timing Parameter Symbology .......................................... 221
Timing Requirements
Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP1 and CCP2)............. 226
CLKO and I/O........................................................... 223
External Clock .......................................................... 222
I
2
C Bus Data............................................................. 232
I
2
C Bus Start/Stop Bits ............................................. 231
Parallel Slave Port .................................................... 227
Reset, Watchdog Timer, Oscillator
Start-up Timer, Power-up Timer
and Brown-out Reset........................................ 224
SPI Mode.................................................................. 230
Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock ........................... 225
USART Synchronous Receive ................................. 233
USART Synchronous Transmission......................... 233
TMR1CS Bit........................................................................ 78
TMR1ON Bit ....................................................................... 78
TMR2ON Bit ....................................................................... 86
TOUTPS<3:0> Bits............................................................. 86
TRISA Register................................................................... 49
TRISB Register................................................................... 56
TRISC Register................................................................... 65
TRISD Register................................................................... 67
TRISE Register................................................................... 68
IBF Bit ......................................................................... 69
IBOV Bit ...................................................................... 69
PSPMODE Bit ...................................................... 67, 68
Two-Speed Clock Start-up Mode...................................... 188
Two-Speed Start-up.......................................................... 169
TXSTA Register
BRGH Bit .................................................................. 133
CSRC Bit .................................................................. 133
TRMT Bit .................................................................. 133
TX9 Bit ...................................................................... 133
TX9D Bit ................................................................... 133
TXEN Bit ................................................................... 133
U
USART ............................................................................. 133
Address Detect Enable (ADDEN Bit)........................ 134
Asynchronous Mode................................................. 138
Asynchronous Receive (9-bit Mode) ........................ 142
Asynchronous Receive with Address Detect.
See Asynchronous Receive (9-bit Mode).
Asynchronous Receiver............................................ 140
Asynchronous Reception.......................................... 141
Asynchronous Transmitter........................................ 138
PIC16F7X7
Baud Rate Generator (BRG)..................................... 135
Associated Registers ........................................ 135
Baud Rate Formula........................................... 135
Baud Rates, Asynchronous Mode
(BRGH = 0) ............................................... 136
Baud Rates, Asynchronous Mode
(BRGH = 1) ............................................... 136
High Baud Rate Select (BRGH Bit)................... 133
INTRC Baud Rates, Asynchronous Mode
(BRGH = 0) ............................................... 137
INTRC Baud Rates, Asynchronous Mode
(BRGH = 1) ............................................... 137
Sampling........................................................... 135
Clock Source Select (CSRC Bit) ............................... 133
Continuous Receive Enable (CREN Bit) ................... 134
Framing Error (FERR Bit) ......................................... 134
Overrun Error (OERR Bit) ......................................... 134
Receive Data, 9th bit (RX9D Bit) .............................. 134
Receive Enable, 9-bit (RX9 Bit) ................................ 134
Serial Port Enable (SPEN Bit)........................... 133, 134
Single Receive Enable (SREN Bit) ........................... 134
Synchronous Master Mode ....................................... 144
Synchronous Master Reception................................ 146
Synchronous Master Transmission........................... 144
Synchronous Slave Mode ......................................... 148
Synchronous Slave Reception.................................. 149
Synchronous Slave Transmit .................................... 148
Transmit Data, 9th Bit (TX9D)................................... 133
Transmit Enable (TXEN Bit)...................................... 133
Transmit Enable, Nine-bit (TX9 Bit) .......................... 133
Transmit Shift Register Status (TRMT Bit)................ 133
V
Voltage Reference Specifications..................................... 219
W
Wake-up from Sleep................................................. 169, 190
Interrupts .......................................................... 179, 180
MCLR Reset ............................................................. 180
WDT Reset ............................................................... 180
Wake-up Using Interrupts ................................................. 191
Watchdog Timer (WDT)............................................ 169, 186
Associated Registers................................................ 187
WDT Reset, Normal Operation................. 172, 179, 180
WDT Reset, Sleep.................................... 172, 179, 180
WCOL............................................................... 121, 123, 126
WCOL Status Flag............................................................ 121
WWW, On-Line Support ....................................................... 4
PIC16F7X7
ON-LINE SUPPORT
Microchip provides on-line support on the Microchip
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042003
PIC16F7X7
READER RESPONSE
It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip prod-
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DS30498B PIC16F7X7
1. What are the best features of this document?
2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?
3. Do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? If not, why?
4. What additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject?
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PIC16F7X7
PIC16F7X7 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office.

PART NO. X /XX XXX
Pattern Package Temperature
Range
Device

Device PIC16F7X7
(1)
, PIC16F7X7T
(1)
; VDD range 4.0V to 5.5V
PIC16LF7X7
(1)
, PIC16LF7X7T
(1)
; VDD range 2.0V to 5.5V
Temperature Range I = -40C to +85C (Industrial)
E = -40C to +125C (Extended)
Package ML = QFN (Micro Lead Frame)
PT = TQFP (Thin Quad Flatpack)
SO = SOIC
SP = Skinny Plastic DIP
P = PDIP
SS = SSOP
Pattern QTP, SQTP, Code or Special Requirements
(blank otherwise)
Examples:
a) PIC16F777-I/P 301 = Industrial temp., PDIP
package, normal VDD limits, QTP pattern #301.
b) PIC16LF767-I/SO = Industrial temp., SOIC
package, extended VDD limits.
c) PIC16F747-E/P = Extended temp., PDIP
package, normal VDD limits.
Note 1: F = CMOS Flash
LF = Low-Power CMOS Flash
2: T = in tape and reel SOIC, SSOP,
TQFP packages only.
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07/28/03
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2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

In-Circuit Debug (ICD) via two pins

Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual

MCUs. The program memory and data

Mid-Range MCU Family Reference

(8) PORTE Data Direction bits 0000 1111 69, 181

100000 = Minimum frequency

Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual,

Mid-Range MCU Family

Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual (DS33023) must be

Mid-Range MCU Family Reference

Mid-Range MCU Family Reference

1111 = 1:16 postscale

Mid-Range MCU Family Reference

Mid-Range MCU Family

Mid-Range MCU Family Reference

Mid-Range MCU Family Reference

ICD. When the

microcontrollers are supported with a

II Universal Device Programmer

Plus Development Programmer

based application that contains:

Windows 32-bit operating system were

microcontrollers. Powered via

Microcontrollers Handbook and a USB Interface

designer kit for memory evaluation and

2003 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30498B-page 251

Internet Explorer. Files are also available for FTP

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