UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level

THINKING SKILLS Paper 2 Critical Reasoning Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper

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October/November 2010 1 hour 30 minutes

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READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the booklet. Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all the questions. Start each question on a new answer sheet. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question.

This document consists of 6 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

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2 1 Study the evidence and answer the questions that follow. Dinesh and Amrita Patel are suing the makers of the television series KCI: Kolkata Criminal Investigations. They claim that, in revenge for an unsuccessful business deal, a writer on the drama series deliberately named two dishonest and unpleasant characters after them. KCI follows fictional police investigations into murders. It has spin-off shows in Delhi, Sydney and Buenos Aires. The Indian audience is estimated at 75 million each week, and KCI is broadcast in 200 countries. Source A Statement from Dinesh Patel Date: 03 August 2011 My wife and I are property dealers in Sydney, Australia. We have lived here all our lives, but we have cousins in Kolkata. Five years ago, my cousin Kumar, who is a sound technician, put us in touch with Arundhati Merchant, who is a scriptwriter for KCI. Mrs Merchant wanted to buy a house on Bondi Beach from one of our clients. Unfortunately, there was a disagreement, and our client sold to another buyer. These things happen. We were disappointed. We would have been very happy to count Mrs Merchant as a happy customer. But it was not to be. The first we knew of her revenge was when I googled my own name six months ago. I came across an unofficial website about KCI. This site detailed the plot of several future episodes of KCI. In one episode, a property-dealing couple called Dinesh and Amrita Patel are involved in some very dishonest deals. Dinesh is even accused of murdering Amrita. There are web links to extremely unsuitable sites. Anyone who tried to find our company on the internet would first find this KCI site which shows a married couple with our names and our jobs, but who are immoral and dishonest. Our business is doing very badly and we are losing business because of this misuse of our names. Amrita and I are hard-working, honest and trustworthy in our private and business lives. Mrs Merchant should compensate us for loss of business and unfair damage to our reputations.

Source B Statement from Mrs Merchants Lawyers Date: 17 August 2011 Mrs Merchant has no memory of dealing with Mr and Mrs Patel. She does not own a property in Australia.

Source C Statement from KCI s Lawyers Date: 04 October 2011 KCI changed the names of the couple in the episode after Mr and Mrs Patel complained, to avoid further issues. Patel is a very common name, and there was no deliberate attempt to damage the reputations or businesses of any individuals.

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3 Source D Emails from Arundhati Merchant to her daughter Ivory 12 September 2006 I found a lovely beach villa for sale on Bondi. The property dealers are a lovely couple. 15 September 2006 placed an offer on the Bondi villa today. I hope well be able to spend a holiday here later this spring before it gets too hot. Just imagine, we can bring your father here for a barbecue on the beach at Christmas! 21 September 2006 can you imagine darling? The stupid, useless incompetent property dealers say their owner wont sell to me because I am not an Australian. I have been cheated! I am so angry, I dont think Ill ever get over it.

(a) How reliable is Dinesh Patels statement? Justify your answer.

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(b) How useful is the statement from Arundhati Merchants lawyers in helping to decide what happened in this situation? Justify your answer. [3] (c) How probable is it that this television programme and the websites in Source A have actually damaged Dinesh and Amrita Patels business? Justify your answer. [3] (d) How likely is it that Arundhati Merchant deliberately used Dinesh and Amrita Patels names for unpleasant characters as revenge? Support your answer with critical reference to the evidence and a consideration of the plausibility of different courses of events. [6]

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4 2 Study the evidence and answer the questions that follow. Source A United Nations (UN) Population Predictions At present, there are 6.8 billion people in the world. According to the UN, the world population in 2050 will be 9.1 billion. The vast majority of the additional 2.3 billion people will be born in the developing world. 9 countries will account for half the worlds projected population increase, including India, China and the US. Most of the fastest-growing populations are in the least developed countries, as classed by the UN. For example, in Niger, a dry country with insufficient food resources, the average woman has 7.15 children. 45 countries will experience a population decrease, including Germany, Japan and Poland. Source B Newspaper Report Scientific Gazette
Population growth is a major contributor to all the worlds environmental problems, from increasing harmful emissions to competition over limited water resources. If we dont act soon, the natural resources we all depend on will vanish. By 2050 more than 2 billion people in 48 countries are likely People without adequate access to resources in 2009
1.6 billion 1.1 billion 850 million

to be short of water. World demand for food and energy will increase by 50% by 2030. The richest 7% of the worlds population are responsible for 50% of the worlds carbon emissions. The poorest 50% are responsible for just 7%.

Water

Energy

Food

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5 Source C Readers Letter to the Scientific Gazette

Dear Sir We must control the population. Its simple. The worlds resources are like a cake. The more people you share with, the smaller the piece of cake. Eventually, there just wont be enough cake to go round. At some point, human population growth must stop. Either we take control and there are fewer births, or there will be more deaths because of starvation, illness and war. There is no third way of indefinite population growth. In my view, the options for population control are: Encourage family planning. The Optimum Population Trust promotes a Stop at Two policy, encouraging people to see a third child as a drain on world resources. Make reliable contraceptives available. Pass laws to restrict the number of children people can have. The Chinese one child policy has been in place since 1978 and has probably prevented 4OO million births. Forced sterilisation. We must do something now before it is too late. Yours Faithfully Peter Jones
(a) According to the UN, the world population in 2050 will be 9.1 billion. (Source A). Suggest one factor that might affect the accuracy of this prediction. Explain your answer. [3] (b) If we dont act soon, the natural resources we all depend on will disappear. (Source B). How reasonable is this claim? Justify your answer. (c) The worlds resources are like a cake. (Source C). How effective is this analogy? Justify your answer. (d) Should controlling population growth be a top priority for world leaders? Write a short, reasoned argument to support your conclusion, using and evaluating the information provided in Sources A to C. [3] [3]

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6 3 1 Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Some people argue that the increasing use of English around the world is a new form of imperialism and that we should therefore put more effort into promoting local languages. Poor people who do not have access to education, or people who are just not good at learning languages, have a serious disadvantage. In addition, the constant use of English means that films and books in other languages never gain a world audience. These people claim that we are all being drowned by English-language culture. However, we should actively promote the use of English because there are many advantages to having one world language. Using just one language to communicate is efficient. In business it is faster if people can speak directly to each other rather than using translators. For example, a deal can be done between companies in China, Brazil and Swaziland, and all partners can use English. If companies can easily communicate in one language with potential business partners then they are less likely to lose business. There are currently businesses in the UK, for example, which lose business in Spain because they do not have enough Spanish speakers. Science also gains from the use of a shared language. Scientists from around the world can read each others work and build on it. This means that scientists speaking different languages do not need to repeat each others work, and progress can be made more quickly. If we educate as many children as possible in English, these children will be able to share their understanding, and soon everyone will have access to English and all its benefits. English does not need to be the main language spoken in a country. Many people use English for business and a different language at home. Khowar speakers talk of this language of the hearth and home being the language of the heart; English will not replace this, merely add to it. (a) Identify the main conclusion. (b) Identify three reasons given to support the main conclusion. [1] [3]

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(c) Evaluate the reasoning in the argument. In your answer you could consider any strengths, weaknesses, flaws and unstated assumptions. [6] (d) It is important to encourage films, songs and books in local languages. Write your own short argument to support this claim. [5]

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