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    Plant Tissue Culture

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    dushyantrocky
    Plant tissue culture allows plant cells to be grown in isolation from intact plants. Pieces of plant tissue will divide into a mass of undifferentiated cells, called callus, if placed in a growth medium with hormones and nutrients. These callus cells can be maintained indefinitely and induced to regenerate into whole plants. Plant tissue culture has applications in micropropagation, screening cells for desirable traits, producing secondary metabolites, and genetic engineering of plants.

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    Plant Tissue Culture

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    dushyantrocky
    628 views9 pages
    Plant tissue culture allows plant cells to be grown in isolation from intact plants. Pieces of plant tissue will divide into a mass of undifferentiated cells, called callus, if placed in a growth medium with hormones and nutrients. These callus cells can be maintained indefinitely and induced to regenerate into whole plants. Plant tissue culture has applications in micropropagation, screening cells for desirable traits, producing secondary metabolites, and genetic engineering of plants.

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    Plant tissue culture allows plant cells to be grown in isolation from intact plants. Pieces of plant tissue will divide into a mass of undifferentiated cells, called callus, if placed in a growth medium with hormones and nutrients. These callus cells can be maintained indefinitely and induced to regenerate into whole plants. Plant tissue culture has applications in micropropagation, screening cells for desirable traits, producing secondary metabolites, and genetic engineering of plants.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    628 views9 pages

    Plant Tissue Culture

    Uploaded by

    dushyantrocky
    Plant tissue culture allows plant cells to be grown in isolation from intact plants. Pieces of plant tissue will divide into a mass of undifferentiated cells, called callus, if placed in a growth medium with hormones and nutrients. These callus cells can be maintained indefinitely and induced to regenerate into whole plants. Plant tissue culture has applications in micropropagation, screening cells for desirable traits, producing secondary metabolites, and genetic engineering of plants.

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    of 9

    What is Plant Tissue Culture?

    Induction of onion tissue culture from onion seedlings (LHS), through callus tissue proliferating on seedling tissue to isolated callus in
    culture (RHS).

    Plant cells can be grown in isolation from intact plants in tissue culture systems. The cells
    have the characteristics of callus cells, rather than other plant cell types. These are the
    cells that appear on cut surfaces when a plant is wounded and which gradually cover and
    seal the damaged area.

    Pieces of plant tissue will slowly divide and grow into a colourless mass of cells if they
    are kept in special conditions. These are:

    • initiated from the most appropriate plant tissue for the particular plant variety
    • presence of a high concentration of auxin and cytokinin growth regulators in the
    growth media
    • a growth medium containing organic and inorganic compounds to sustain the cells
    • aseptic conditions during culture to exclude competition from microorganisms

    The plant cells can grow on a solid surface as friable, pale-brown lumps (called callus),
    or as individual or small clusters of cells in a liquid medium called a suspension culture.
    These cells can be maintained indefinitely provided they are sub-cultured regularly into
    fresh growth medium.

    Tissue culture cells generally lack the distinctive features of most plant cells. They have a
    small vacuole, lack chloroplasts and photosynthetic pathways and the structural or
    chemical features that distinguish so many cell types within the intact plant are absent.
    They are most similar to the undifferentiated cells found in meristematic regions which
    become fated to develop into each cell type as the plant grows. Tissue cultured cells can
    also be induced to re-differentiate into whole plants by alterations to the growth media.

    Plant tissue cultures can be initiated from almost any part of a plant. The physiological
    state of the plant does have an influence on its response to attempts to initiate tissue
    culture. The parent plant must be healthy and free from obvious signs of disease or decay.
    The source, termed explant, may be dictated by the reason for carrying out the tissue
    culture. Younger tissue contains a higher proportion of actively dividing cells and is more
    responsive to a callus initiation programme. The plants themselves must be actively
    growing, and not about to enter a period of dormancy.
    The exact conditions required to initiate and sustain plant cells in culture, or to regenerate
    intact plants from cultured cells, are different for each plant species. Each variety of a
    species will often have a particular set of cultural requirements. Despite all the
    knowledge that has been obtained about plant tissue culture during the twentieth century,
    these conditions have to be identified for each variety through experimentation.

    PLANT TISSUE CULTURE


    Uses of plant tissue culture
    INTRODUCTION

    WHAT IS IT?

    USES

    CASE STUDY 1
    Anther culture for cold hardiness

    CASE STUDY 2
    Somaclones for disease resistance

    CASE STUDY 3
    Demonstration of tissue culture for teaching

    PUBLICATIONS

    Callus cultures derived from onion

    Plant tissue culture now has direct commercial applications as well as value in basic
    research into cell biology, genetics and biochemistry. The techniques include culture of
    cells, anthers, ovules and embryos on experimental to industrial scales, protoplast
    isolation and fusion, cell selection and meristem and bud culture. Applications include:

    • micropropagation using meristem and shoot culture to produce large numbers of


    identical individuals
    • screening programmes of cells, rather than plants for advantageous characters
    • large-scale growth of plant cells in liquid culture as a source of secondary
    products
    • crossing distantly related species by protoplast fusion and regeneration of the
    novel hybrid
    • production of dihaploid plants from haploid cultures to achieve homozygous lines
    more rapidly in breeding programmes
    • as a tissue for transformation, followed by either short-term testing of genetic
    constructs or regeneration of transgenic plants
    • removal of viruses by propagation from meristematic tissues

    4-Bromo-antibiotic A23187
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    Alamethicin system
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    Amikacin
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    Antibiotic, Amoxicillin
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    Antibiotic, Amphotericin B
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    Antibiotic, Ampicillin
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    Antibiotic, Anisomycin
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    Antibiotic, Antimycotics
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    Antibiotic, Aureobasidin A
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    Antibiotic, Bacitracin
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    Antibiotic, Blasticidin
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    Antibiotic, Bleomycin
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    Antibiotic, Carbenicillin
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    Antibiotic, Cefamandole
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    Antibiotic, Cefazolin
    (3 companies)

    Antibiotic, Cefotaxime
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    Antibiotic, Cefuroxime
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    Antibiotic, Cephalosporin C
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    Antibiotic, Chloramphenicol
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    Antibiotic, Chlorotetracycline
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    Antibiotic, Cinoxacin
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    Antibiotic, Ciprofloxacin
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    Antibiotic, Clindamycin
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    Antibiotic, Concanamycin
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    Antibiotic, Coumermycin
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    Antibiotic, Dihydrostreptomycin
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    Antibiotic, Duramycin
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    Antibiotic, Erythromycin
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    Antibiotic, G 418 (Dry)


    (13 companies)

    Antibiotic, G 418 (Solution)


    (6 companies)

    Antibiotic, Geldanamycin
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    Antibiotic, Gentamicin
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    Antibiotic, Hygromycin B
    (14 companies)

    Antibiotic, Kanamycin
    (17 companies)

    Antibiotic, Kasugamycin
    (2 companies)

    Antibiotic, Kirromycin
    (1 company)

    Antibiotic, Lincomycin
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    Antibiotic, Lomefloxacin
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    Antibiotic, Miscellaneous Antibiotics


    (5 companies)

    Antibiotic, Mitomycin C
    (5 companies)

    Antibiotic, Mycophenolic Acid


    (3 companies)
    Antibiotic, Narasin
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    Antibiotic, Neomycin Sulfate


    (9 companies)

    Antibiotic, Netilmicin
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    Antibiotic, Nigericin
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    Antibiotic, Nikkomycin Z
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    Antibiotic, Normocin
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    Antibiotic, Nourseothricin
    (1 company)

    Antibiotic, Novobiocin
    (1 company)

    Antibiotic, Nystatin
    (3 companies)

    Antibiotic, Ofloxacin
    (2 companies)

    Antibiotic, Oleandomycin
    (1 company)

    Antibiotic, Oligomycin
    (4 companies)

    Antibiotic, Oxytetracycline
    (3 companies)

    Antibiotic, Paromomycin
    (2 companies)

    Antibiotic, Penicillin G
    (11 companies)
    Antibiotic, Penicillin Streptomycin
    (7 companies)

    Antibiotic, Penicillin Streptomycin L Glutamine


    (1 company)

    Antibiotic, Penicillin V
    (4 companies)

    Antibiotic, PenicillinStreptomycinNeomycin
    (1 company)

    Antibiotic, Phleomycin
    (2 companies)

    Antibiotic, Phosphomycin
    (1 company)

    Antibiotic, Pimaricin
    (2 companies)

    Antibiotic, Piperacillin
    (2 companies)

    Antibiotic, Plasmocin
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    Antibiotic, Polymyxin B Sulfate


    (5 companies)

    Antibiotic, Primocin
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    Antibiotic, Puromycin
    (8 companies)

    Antibiotic, Rapamycin
    (7 companies)

    Antibiotic, Rifampicin
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    Antibiotic, Rifamycin
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    Antibiotic, Roxithromycin
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    Antibiotic, Salinomycin
    (1 company)

    Antibiotic, Spectinomycin
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    Antibiotic, Spiramycin
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    Antibiotic, Streptomycin
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    Antibiotic, Streptozotocin
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    Antibiotic, Tautomycin
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    Antibiotic, Tetracycline
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    Antibiotic, Thiamphenicol
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    Antibiotic, Ticarcillin
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    Antibiotic, Tobramycin
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    Antibiotic, Trimethoprim
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    Antibiotic, Valinomycin
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    Antibiotic, Vancomycin
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    Antibiotic, Virginiamycin
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    Antibiotic, Zeocin
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    Ascomycin
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