Location Based Services: From Promise To Reality: Ravi Jain and Google LBS Team

Location Based Services: From Promise to Reality
Ravi Jain and Google LBS Team

10 Sep 2008
Outline
Introduction Determining Geographical Location My Location from Google Location-Based Services Summary
Types of locations and services

Location Based Service: An end-user service that provides information or value based on the user or device's location Location Service: A service that provides the location
More abstract
Descriptive location or tag: Public: "Woodside Mall", or Personal: "My house" Street address: "123 Main St" Geographical location: lat/long Network location: Cell ID, IP address
Determining geographical location

RF measurement RF to Geo: RF methods (TDoA etc) RF fingerprinting GPS / AGPS Geo location: Lat/Long Network to Geo conversion
Network info
Network location: Cell ID WiFi IP
Location Technologies: Accuracy

~ 1 - 50 m RFID Sonar / Ultrasound GPS, AGPS WiFi-Network positioning e.g. RADAR Bluetooth ~ 50 - 500 m WiFi AP ID Cellular-Network positioning e.g. for E-911 ~ 500m - 5 km Cell ID 5 km + IP address
Location Technologies: Selection Criteria

Accuracy is not the only dimension Other criteria Coverage: Indoor vs outdoor National vs regional vs local Time to first fix Power consumption CPU and bandwidth requirements Infrastructure: New deployment vs reuse existing Freshness: wardriving, calibration, or download Cost No one technology satisfies all criteria
Outline
Determining geographical location

RF measurement RF to Geo: RF methods (TDoA etc) RF fingerprinting GPS / AGPS Geo location: Lat/Long Network to Geo conversion
Network info
Network location: Cell ID WiFi IP
Geographic Location: GPS Basics

Six planes with four satellites each Orbits arranged so at least 6 satellites are always within line of sight from almost everywhere on Earth's surface.
GPS Signals
GPS orbit data: Almanac (coarse, long-term orbit info).This tells your receiver what to listen for. Ephemeris (precise, current orbit info.) Weak : (-13-dBm) == 0.5w baby monitor 1000 miles away Slow : 50 bits/s. To obtain the data Ephemeris: 20 sec. Entire almanac from a single satellite: 12.5 minutes Noisy . Ionospheric effects, Ephemeris errors , Satellite clock errors, Multipath distortion, etc.
Assisted GPS
Assisted GPS combines the accuracy of GPS with much greater speed
GPS-enabled phone
SUPL is standards-based AGPS protocol

1. Send
approx loc
2. Return epheme ris data for GPS fix
AGPS SUPL Server
AGPS Benefits
1. Significantly improves GPS time to first fix. TTFF is < 10 second with assistance and > 60 seconds without assistance 2. Less computation on the handset - less battery drain. 3. Higher accuracy. 4. Supports E-911 (in SUPL Network Initiated mode).
Network location: Cell Id

Cellular networks consist of radio cells of various size
Rural up to 30km Suburban up to a few kilometers Urban 100s of meters Femtocell residential home
BTS BTS BS S BTS BTS
cel l
BTS
Phone attaches to cell with strong signal Hence, cellid-based localization Uses physical footprint of cell to estimate handset location Accuracy: a few 100m to few km
BTS
BTS
BTS base transceiver station BSS base station subsystem BSC base station controller
Why is it useful?
Complements GPS solution Fast : no waiting for time-to-first-fix Reliable : where GPS suffers in indoor or urban canyon Power-friendly : enhance battery lifetime Across the walled garden
Carrier agnostic No country barrier Works with all cellular technologies Lower accuracy showstopper Many applications need only coarse location Feeds Assisted GPS (AGPS)
Outline
Google Maps for Mobile w/ My Location

"Think of it as a road atlas which always opens to the right page "
Launched Nov '07 industry's first global cell tower location database Location without GPS Global cell tower-based location
200+ supported countries 200+ carriers 2G, 3G, CDMA
Phones supported
Blackberry Windows Mobile Symbian SonyEricsson iPhone Palm Centro Android
Privacy
A balance between respecting user privacy and providing good useful functionality to the user How does My Location do this? Anonymous: No user login User has full control User is informed
Communication, Privacy policy, User education (via Help, You Tube videos, etc), Outreach
Behind The Scenes

Collect geocontextual information along with a cell-id Cell Tower Identifier (cell-id) Location: GPS vs. center of the map
Location, cell-id
Location Platform
Storage
Clustering Algorithm
Clustering Algorithm
GPS Clustering Vs. non-GPS Use data diversity to calculate accuracy
Challenges
Area of interest vs. actual location
Noisy data:
Oklahoma points
GPS errors Towers in the water!
Platform Support
Hey, My Location seems very cool but why is it not working on my cell phone?
None
Some WinMo devices (e.g. Samsung, MotQ, Palm Treo 700w
Partial
BB V4.0
Good
Full
BB V4.2
neighbor information, average RSSI, TA
Data Collection
Outline
My Location Timeline
Google Maps for mobile v2.0
2007
Android SDK w/ Location
2008
2007
Android SDK w/ Location Google Maps on iPhone
2008
Google Gears Location API
iPhone SDK
2007
2008
Google Maps on iPhone Google Gears Location API
iPhone SDK
2007
2008
Google Mobile App
Google Maps on iPhone Google Gears Location API
Location Based Applications

Google Maps for Mobile
Google Maps for Mobile, Google Mobile App
Google Location Server
Location Based Applications

The location of a wireless device such as a cellphone is always known, to some degree of accuracy The challenge is: how can an application get access to it? Options Access on-board geographical location information directly e.g. from GPS, AGPS Access a network location and convert to geographical location e.g. Cell ID, WiFi access point, IP address In either case, some API is required Native device API Abstract device-independent API e.g. J2ME JSR 179 Browser-based API
The Coming Wave

Enabling location for 3rd parties via: Android, iPhone, Gears (browser)
Browser App Gears API
Native App Android
Google Maps for Mobile, Google Mobile App
Android SDK
Google Location Server
Gears JavaScript API

One-shot position requests for recommendations sites -- "where am I right now?" Repeated position updates for continuously updating one's location on a map Ability to get the last-known position but cheaply before doing an expensive new request
Gears JavaScript API Interface

interface Geolocation { readonly Position lastPosition; void getCurrentPosition(function successCallback, function errorCallback, optional PositionOptions options); int watchPosition(function successCallback, function errorCallback, optional PositionOptions options); void clearWatch(int watchId); };
Outline
Summary
LBS is finally becoming a reality Critical factors converging Location technology, device and network capabilities Diminishing costs Emerging applications Google My Location Service Powering Google apps Providing APIs Issues and challenges Diversity of location technologies Proven business models Innovative apps
How can you help?
Build innovative locationbased applications
http://www.google.com/gmm http://code.google.com/android/ http://code.google.com/apis/gears/

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Location Based Services: From Promise to Reality

Ravi Jain and Google LBS Team

Types of locations and services

Determining geographical location

Network location: Cell ID WiFi IP

Location Technologies: Accuracy

Location Technologies: Selection Criteria

Determining geographical location

Network location: Cell ID WiFi IP

Geographic Location: GPS Basics

SUPL is standards-based AGPS protocol

2. Return epheme ris data for GPS fix

AGPS SUPL Server

Network location: Cell Id

Google Maps for Mobile w/ My Location

Behind The Scenes

GPS Clustering Vs. non-GPS Use data diversity to calculate accuracy

GPS errors Towers in the water!

neighbor information, average RSSI, TA

Google Gears Location API

Google Maps on iPhone Google Gears Location API

Google Maps on iPhone Google Gears Location API

Location Based Applications

Google Maps for Mobile, Google Mobile App

Google Location Server

Location Based Applications

The Coming Wave

Browser App Gears API

Native App Android

Google Maps for Mobile, Google Mobile App

Google Location Server

Gears JavaScript API

Gears JavaScript API Interface

How can you help?

Build innovative locationbased applications

http://www.google.com/gmm http://code.google.com/android/ http://code.google.com/apis/gears/

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