Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos 2013-14 PAPER GUIDE 2013/14: POL 6 THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT

SINCE c.1890 AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY Course organiser: David Runciman [email protected] Department of Politics and International Studies Alison Richard Building 7 West Road

Outline: This paper is divided into two parts. The first part (Section A) is organised around a series of authors or themes in the history of political thought since c.1890 and focusses on the study and analysis of set texts and their context. The second part (Section B) is organised around topics in contemporary political philosophy and the reading draws on a range of classic and more recent pieces of writing. There are no set texts for Section B; instead students are encouraged to explore different approaches and sources for the topics they choose to study. Section B should not be treated simply as an extension of the history of political thought and all students should make sure that they are familiar with some contemporary as well as historical sources when writing about political philosophy. All students are required to study both parts of the paper though there is some freedom to decide how much emphasis to put on either. In the exam, all candidates have to answer three questions, with either two from Section A and one from Section B, or two from Section B and one from Section A. There are questions on each of the topics from both sections in the exam. Students are encouraged to choose authors and philosophical topics that fit together and where possible to make links between different parts of the paper. They can take advice on how to do this from their supervisors. There is the scope within this paper to focus on certain broad historical themes: German political thought (A1, A4, A8, A9); Anglo-American liberal political thought (A2, A11, A13, A14); Marxist and post-Marxist political thought (A3, A5, A6, A10). But it is also possible to find a wide variety of links between different authors and topics and there is no set path through the paper. Most students begin with Nietzsche but this is by no means compulsory or even necessarily desirable. What is important is to choose authors and topics that allow students to develop particular interests and to study them in sufficient detail. Section A A1. Nietzsche A2. British Theorists of the State A3. The Rise of Marxism A4. Weber

A5. Marxism and the Revolutionary Crisis of WWI A6. Lukacs A7. Theorists and Critics of Imperialism A8. The Crisis of Weimar A9. The Earlier Frankfurt School A10. The Later Frankfurt School A11. Liberal Critics of Totalitarianism A12. Hayek A13. Theorists of Welfare and Democracy A14. Rawls Section B B15. Politics and Morality B16. State, Sovereignty and Political Obligation B17. Rights and Utilitarianism B18. Concepts of Liberty B19. Punishment B20. Democracy and Representation B21. Feminism B22. Patriotism, Nationalism, Post-colonialism B23. Multiculturalism, Toleration and Recognition B24. International Relations and War B25. Equality Needs and Welfare B26. Property and Markets B27. Global Justice B28. Ecology and the Future of Humanity B29. Political Philosophy and the History of Political Thought Introductory reading:

There are a number of good collections and anthologies that give introductions to many of the authors and philosophical topics covered by this paper. The first two listed are primarily useful for section A; the remainder are primarily useful for section B of the paper.

T.R. Baldwin (ed.) The Cambridge History of Philosophy 1870-1945 (Cambridge, 2003) [available at www.histories.cambridge.org]

T. Ball and R. Bellamy (eds.) The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2003) [available at www.histories.cambridge.org]

D. Estlund, The Oxford Handbook of Political Philosophy (Oxford, 2012)

W. Kymlicka, Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction 2nd ed. (Oxford 2001)

R. Goodin, P. Pettit, and T. Pogge (eds.), A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy, 2nd ed., 2 vols. (Oxford, 2007)

P. Pettit and R. Goodin (eds.) Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology (Malden, MA, 2006)

J. S. Dryzek, B. Honig and A. Phillips (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory (Oxford, 2006)

Lectures: Lectures are not intended to cover every author and topic for this paper. Instead, lectures cover certain themes and particular authors. The full lecture list published at the start of academic year will list which authors and topics are going to be covered in which lectures. The lecture courses for 2013-14 will include: David Runciman, Ideas of Crisis (Michaelmas): 8 lectures Duncan Kelly, Histories of Modern Political Thought (Michaelmas): 8 lectures Duncan Kelly, Philosophical Theories of Modern Politics (Lent): 8 lectures Joel Isaac, The Crisis of Democratic Theory: Dewey to Dahl (Michaelmas): 6 lectures Joes Isaac, Rawls and His Critics (Lent): 6 lectures 3

Katrina Forrester, Political Realism and Political Philosophy (Lent): 2 lectures. There will also be a series of seminars and revision classes to cover both general themes and allow for discussion of particular texts. Full details of these will be published with the lecture list at the start of the year. This will also list lectures in the Philosophy Faculty that might be of interest to students taking this paper. Exam papers and examiners reports: Past exams and examiners reports are available via the HSPS website: http://www.hsps.cam.ac.uk/pps/current/undergraduate/part2.html. Students are encouraged to consult these for guidance and examples of essay questions. The examiners report for last year is given here for guidance: Pol 6 examiners report 2012-13: There were 31 PPS students for this paper. Overall the standard was somewhat down on previous years, with 4 agreed firsts awarded and no other firsts from either examiner. There were more 2.2s and thirds than there were firsts. There was also more bunching around questions and topics than in some previous years. In Section A the most popular questions by far were those on Nietzsche, Weber and Weimar thought. In Section B the most popular question was the one on punishment. There were a number of questions that received no answers (2, 3, 7, 11, 17, 27). What was most striking was the lack of takers for questions on Marxist and post-Marxist thought. The best scripts were extremely good and showed an excellent grasp both of a range of texts and of contextual detail. However, too many answers, particularly on Nietzsche/Weber/Schmitt, were rather formulaic and did not pay enough attention to the terms of the question. In the case of Nietzsche, who was written about by more than half of the candidates, there was not enough focus on the specific claims about politics in his writing and too much generalising about the difficulty of categorising his thought. It is true that the question asked for him to be categorised but it was still necessary to justify any answer with detailed knowledge of the texts. A number of answers on Weimar assumed the questions was simply about Schmitt and didnt do enough to contextualise his thought against others in the period. In section B the question about punishment produced some good answers but also a number that simply reproduced standard essays on the topic without focussing on the key term in the question (repression). Likewise there were too many essays on liberty than ignored the fact that it was a question specifically about political liberty and assumed it was simply about liberty per se. In all cases the best answers showed a wide enough grasp of the literature to be able to adapt the argument to the terms of the question being asked.

Reading List: The full reading list for this paper is given below.

In Section A core readings are listed under Set texts while starred entries under Further reading suggestions provide useful starting points. Where additional primary texts are listed under further reading they are not normally starred but are often helpful to read. In Section B there are no primary set texts but core readings are listed with an asterisk.

SECTION A A1. NIETZSCHE Set texts: On the Geneaology of Morality and The Greek State, in On the Genealogy of Morality and Other Writings, ed. K. Ansell-Pearson (Cambridge, 1994). Beyond Good and Evil, ed. R.-P. Horstmann and J. Norman (Cambridge, 2001). On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life, in Untimely Meditations, ed. D. Breazeale (Cambridge, 1997). Further reading suggestions: A Glance at the State in Nietzsche, Human, All Too Human (Cambridge, 1996). On the New Idol in Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Cambridge, 2001). What the Germans Lack, 4, in Nietzsche, Twilight of the Idols (Cambridge, 2005). Discipline and Breeding in Nietzsche, The Will to Power, ed. Kaufmann (Vintage, 1968). J. Young, Friedrich Nietzsche: A Philosophical Biography (Cambridge, 2010). T. Strong, Politics without Vision: Thinking without a Bannister in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, 2012), ch, 2. T. Shaw, Nietzsches Political Skepticism (Princeton, 2007). A. Nehamas, Nietzsche: Life as Literature (Cambridge, MA, 1985). B. Williams, Nietzsches Minimal Moral Psychology, in his Making Sense of Humanity (Cambridge, 1995); see also ch. 1 of his Truth and Truthfulness (Princeton, 2002). M. Lane, Honesty as the best policy?: Nietzsche on Redlichkeit and the contrast between Stoic and Epicurean strategies of the self, in M. Bevir, J. Hargis and S. Rushing (eds) Histories of Postmodernism (London, 2007), pp. 25-51. * M.A. Ruehl, Politeia 1871: Young Nietzsche on the Greek State, in Paul Bishop (ed.), Nietzsche and Antiquity: His Reaction and Response to the Classical Tradition (Rochester, 2004), pp. 79-97.

* R. Geuss, Nietzsche and Genealogy (pp. 1-28) and Nietzsche and Morality (pp.167-198) in his Morality, Culture and History (Cambridge, 1999). * R. Abbey and F. Appel, Nietzsche and the Will to Politics, The Review of Politics 60:1 (1998), pp. 83-114. J.F. Dienstag, Nietzsches Dionysian Pessimism, American Political Science Review 95:4 (2001), pp. 923-937; see also his Pessimism (Princeton, 2006). T. B. Strong, Nietzsches Political Misappropriation, in The Cambridge Companion to Nietzsche, eds. B. Magnus and K.M. Higgins (Cambridge, 1996), available from Cambridge Companions Online. T. Brobjer, Nietzsches View of the Value of Historical Studies and Methods, Journal of the History of Ideas 65:2 (2004), pp.301-22. B. Detwiler, Nietzsche and the Politics of Aristocratic Radicalism (Chicago, 1990). * F. Appel, Nietzsche contra Democracy (Ithaca and London, 1999). W. Sokel, Political Uses and Abuses in Walter Kaufmanns Image of Nietzsche, Nietzsche-Studien 12 (1983), pp. 429435. * T. Brobjer, The Absence of Political Ideals in Nietzsches Writings: The Case of the Laws of Manu and the Associated Caste-Society, Nietzsche-Studien 27 (1998), pp. 300318. * D. Dombowsky, A Response to Thomas Brobjers The Absence of Political Ideals in Nietzsches Writings and Brobjers reply, Nietzsche-Studien 30 (2001), pp. 387396. J. Golomb and R. S. Wistrich, Nietzsches Politics, Fascism and Jews, Nietzsche-Studien 30 (2001), pp. 305321. J. Ratner-Rosenhagen, American Nietzsche: A History of an Icon and His Ideas (Chicago, 2012) D. Conway, Nietzsche and the Political (London, 1997). * K. Ansell-Pearson, An Introduction to Nietzsche as Political Thinker: The Perfect Nihilist (Cambridge, 1994). T. L. Pangle, The Warrior Spirit as an Inlet to the Political Philosophy of Nietzsches Zarathustra, Nietzsche-Studien 15 (1986), pp. 140179. P. Bergmann, Nietzsche, the last antipolitical German (Bloomington, 1987). L. Gossman, Basel in the Age of Burckhardt: A Study in Unseasonable Ideas (Chicago, 2000). R. Safranski, Nietzsche: A Philosophical Biography (New York, 2001). S. Aschheim, The Nietzsche Legacy in Germany, 18901990 (Berkeley, 1992). B. Reginster, The Affirmation of Life: Nietzsche on Overcoming Nihilism (Cambridge, MA, 2006). * C.J. Emden, Friedrich Nietszche and the Politics of History (Cambridge, 2008). 6

A2. BRITISH THEORISTS OF THE STATE Set texts: H. Sidgwick, Elements of Politics B. Bosanquet, The Philosophical Theory of the State E. Barker, The Discredited State F. W. Maitland, State, Trust and Corporation L.T. Hobhouse, The Metaphysical Theory of the State H. Laski, Authority in the Modern State

N.B.: Sidgwick, Elements of Politics, 4th edn (London 1919), reprinted in The Works of Henry Sidgwick, 15 vols, ed. J. Slater (Bristol, 1996). Maitland text is ed. D. Runciman and M. Ryan (Cambridge, 2003). The Barker text is in The Political Quarterly 5 (1915) 101-21; rpt. in Barker, Church, State and Study (London, 1930).

Further reading suggestions: T.H. Green, Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation, eds. P. Harris and J. Morrow (Cambridge, 1986). E. Barker, Political Thought in England, 1848 to 1914, 2nd edn (London, 1928). E. Barker et al., Why we are at war: Great Britains case, by members of the Oxford Faculty of Modern History (Oxford, 1914). H. Sidgwick, Practical Ethics (New York, 1998). P. Q. Hirst (ed.), The Political Theory of the State: Selected Writings of G. D. H. Cole, J. N. Figgis, and H. J. Laski (London, 1989). J. H. Muirhead (ed.), B. Bosanquet and H. Bosanquet: works on economics & social welfare: the philosophy of the state and the practice of welfare, with new intro. by D. Gladstone (London, 1996). R. Harrison, Cambridge Philosophers VI: Henry Sidgwick, Philosophy 71: 277 (1996), pp. 423-38. J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, ed. S. Freeman (Cambridge, MA, 2007), Lectures on Sidgwick. B. Blandshard, Sidgwick the Man, Monist 58 (1974), pp. 349-70. * M. Richter, The Politics of Conscience: T. H. Green and His Age (Cambridge, MA, 1964). 7

* D. J. Kelly, Idealism and Revolution: T.H. Greens Four Lectures on the English Commonwealth, History of Political Thought 27 (2006), pp. 505-42. * B. Schultz, Henry Sidgwick, Eye of the Universe (New York, 2004) [biography]. J. B. Schneewind, Sidgwicks Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy (Oxford, 1977), pts I and II. W.C. Havard, Henry Sidgwick and Later Utilitarian Political Philosophy (Gainesville, FL, 1959). S. Collini, Public Moralists: Political Thought and Intellectual Life in Britain, 18501930 (Oxford, 1991). C. Harvie, The Lights of Liberalism: Academic Liberals and the Challenge of Democracy, 18601886 (London, 1976). C.D. Broad, Five Types of Ethical Theory (London, 1930), ch. 5. B. Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (London, 1985), ch. 6. * S. Collini, The Ordinary Experience of Civilized Life: Sidgwicks Politics and the Method of Reflective Analysis, in B. Schultz (ed), Essays on Henry Sidgwick (Cambridge, 1992), pp. 333368. M. Stears, Progressives, pluralists, and the problems of the state: ideologies of reform in the United States and Britain, 1909-26 (Oxford, 2002). * D. Runciman, Pluralism and the personality of the state (Cambridge, 1997). J. Stapleton, The national character of Ernest Barkers political science, Political Studies 37 (1989), pp. 171-87. * J. Stapleton, Englishness and the Study of Politics: The Social and Political Thought of Ernest Barker (Cambridge, 1994). G.R. Elton, F.W. Maitland (London, 1985). * P.F. Clarke, Liberals and Social Democrats (Aldershot, 1993; originally published Cambridge, 1978). * J.A. Hobson and M. Ginsberg, L.T. Hobhouse: his life and works (London, 2002; facsimile of 1924 edn). * I. Kramnick and B. Sheerman, Harold Laski: a life on the left (London, 1993). M. Newman, Harold Laski: A Political Biography (Basingstoke, 1993).

A3. THE RISE OF MARXISM Set texts: F. Engels, On Authority F. Engels, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific 8

E. Bernstein, The Preconditions of Socialism K. Kautsky, The Class Struggle (The Erfurt Programme) V. I. Lenin, What is to be Done? R. Luxemburg, Organizational Questions of the Russian Social Democracy G. Sorel, Reflections on Violence Most of these texts are available online at http://www.marxists.org/archive (search by author, then by work). Selected printed versions may be found in: R. C. Tucker (ed.), The Marx-Engels Reader, 2nd edn (New York, 1978) and Marx-Engels, Selected Works (New York, 1968); Bernstein, The Preconditions of Socialism, ed. H. Tudor (Cambridge, 1993) K. Kautsky, The Class Struggle (Erfurt Program), trans. W.E. Bohn, with introd. by R.C. Tucker (New York, 1971)) R.C. Tucker (ed.), The Lenin Anthology (New York, 1975) and Essential Works of Lenin: What is to be Done? and Other Writings, ed. H. M. Christman (New York, 1987) Selected Political Writings of Rosa Luxemburg, ed. D. Howard (New York, 1989) G. Sorel, Reflections on Violence, ed. J. Jennings (Cambridge, 1999). The Bernstein text was also earlier translated as Evolutionary Socialism (e.g. New York. 1961, also available through marxists.org), but the later Cambridge edn. is greatly to be preferred. The Luxemburg text is also known as Leninism or Marxism? Further reading suggestions: * G. Stedman Jones, Introduction, in Marx-Engels, The Communist Manifesto, ed. G. Stedman Jones (Harmondsworth, 2002). T. Carver, Friedrich Engels: His Life and Thought (London, 1989); see also his Engels: A Very Short Introduction (2003). T. Carver, Art and Ambiguity: The Politics of Friedrich Engels, International Political Science Review 12:1 (1991), pp. 5-14. M. B. Steger and T. Carver (eds), Engels after Marx (Manchester, 1999). J. D. Hunley, The Life and Thought of Frederick Engels (New Haven, 1991). F. Nova, Friedrich Engels: His Contributions to Political Theory (New York, 1967). I. Fetscher, Marx and Marxism (New York, 1971), pp.148181. 9

* G. Stedman Jones, Engels and the History of Marxism, in E. Hobsbawm (ed.), The History of Marxism, Volume I: Marxism in Marxs Day (Brighton, 1982), pp. 290326. L. Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism: Its Origins, Growth and Dissolution , 3 vols (Oxford, 1978), vol. I, ch. 15. R. Adamiak, The Withering Away of the State: A Reconsideration, Journal of Politics 32 (1970), pp. 318. L. Krieger, Marx and Engels as Historians, Journal of the History of Ideas 14 (1953), pp. 381403. * R. Weikart, Marx, Engels and the Abolition of the Family, History of European Ideas 18.5 (1994), pp. 65772. * J. L. Stanley, Marx, Engels and the Administration of Nature, History of Political Thought 12.4 (1991), pp. 64770. T. Carver, Engels Feminism, History of Political Thought 6 (1985), pp. 47990. * S. E. Bronner, Karl Kautsky and the Twilight of Orthodoxy, Political Theory 10, 4 (1982), pp. 580605. * M. Donald, Marxism and Revolution: Karl Kautsky and the Russian Marxists, 1900-1924 (New Haven and London, 1993). J. H. Kautsky, Karl Kautsky: Marxism, Revolution and Democracy (New Brunswick, NJ, 1994). G. P. Steenson, Karl Kautsky, 1854-1938: Marxism in the Classical Years (Pittsburgh and London, 1978). M. Salvadori, Karl Kautsky and the Socialist Revolution, 1880-1938, trans. J. Rothschild (London, 1979). * H. K. Rogers, Before the Revisionist Controversy: Kautsky, Bernstein, and the meaning of Marxism, 1895-1898 (London, 1992). * L. T. Lih, Lenin Rediscovered: What Is To Be Done? in context (Leiden, 2005). R. Mayer, Lenin and the Concept of the Professional Revolutionary, History of Political Thought 14 (1993), pp. 249263. D. B. Reynolds, Rediscovering Western Marxisms Heritage: Rosa Luxemburg and the Role of the Party, Research and Society 3 (1990), pp. 134. R. Lekhi, The Pluralisms of Rosa Luxemburg (Manchester, 1996). J. C. Scott, Seeing Like a State (New Haven, 1998), ch.5 The Revolutionary Party: A Plan and a Diagnosis, pp.147-179. * J. Jennings, Georges Sorel: The Character and Development of his Thought (London, 1985).

10

K.S. Vincent, Interpreting Georges Sorel: Defender of Virtue or Apostle of Violence, History of European Ideas 12 (1990), pp. 239257. L. Wilde, Sorel and the French Right, History of Political Thought 7 (1986), pp. 36174. I. Berlin, Georges Sorel, in I. Berlin, Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, ed. H. Hardy (Oxford, 1981), pp. 296332. D. Beetham, Sorel and the Left, Government and Opposition 4 (1969), pp. 30823. M. Desai, Marxs Revenge: the resurgence of capitalism and the death of statist socialism (London, 2002). T. Strong, Politics without Vision: Thinking without a Bannister in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, 2012), ch. 5.

A4. WEBER Set texts: From Political Writings, ed. P. Lassmann and R. Speirs (Cambridge, 1994): The Nation State and Economic Policy (Inaugural Lecture) Suffrage and Democracy in Germany Parliament and Government in Germany under a New Political Order Socialism The President of the Reich The Profession and Vocation of Politics Further reading suggestions: For political background: J. Breuilly (ed.) Nineteenth-century Germany: Politics, Culture and Society 1780-1918, chs. 8, 10 by K. A. Lerman. W. J. Mommsen, Max Weber and German Politics (Chicago, 1994). From Webers other writings: From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, ed. H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (London, 1998), ch. 9 (The Sociology of Charismatic Authority). From Economy and Society, ed. G. Roth and C. Wittich, 2 vols (Berkeley, 1978): pt I, ch. 3; pt II, chs 1011, 1314.

11

From The Vocation Lectures, ed. T. Strong and D. Owen (Hackett, 2004): Science as a Vocation * F. Ringer, Max Weber: An Intellectual Biography (Chicago, 2004). * D. J. Kelly, The State of the Political: Conceptions of Politics and the State in the Thought of Max Weber, Carl Schmitt and Franz Neumann (Oxford, 2003). D. J. Kelly, Max Weber and the Rights of Citizens, Max Weber Studies, 4:1 (2004), pp. 23-49; rpt. in P. Lassman (ed.) Max Weber: International Library of Essays in the History of Social and Political Thought (Aldershot, 2006), pp. 591-617. T. Strong, Politics without Vision: Thinking without a Bannister in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, 2012), ch. 3 J. Werner-Mller, Contesting Democracy: Political Ideas in Twentieth-Century Europe (New Haven, CT, 2011), ch. 1 *W. Hennis, Max Webers Central Question, and Max Webers Science of Man, trans. K. Tribe (Aldershot, 2003). L. Scaff, Max Weber in America (Princeton, 2011). R.F. Titunik, The Continuation of History: Max Weber on the Advent of a New Aristocracy, Journal of Politics 59:3 (1997), pp. 680-700. P. Baehr, The Iron Cage and the Shell Hard as Steel: Parsons, Weber, and the Stahlhartes Gehuse Metaphor in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, History and Theory 40:2 (2001), pp. 153-69. B. S. Turner (ed.), Max Weber: Critical Responses (Routledge, 1999); browse, esp. vol. I: Man, Context and Politics. K. Palonen, Webers Reconceptualization of Freedom, Political Theory 27:4 (1999), pp. 523-44. *L. Scaff, Fleeing the Iron Cage (California, 1989) * P. Breiner, Max Weber and Democratic Politics (Ithaca, 1996). * W.J. Mommsen, The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber: Collected Essays (Cambridge, 1992). K. Tribe (ed.) Reading Weber (Routledge, 1989). D. Beetham, Max Weber and the Theory of Politics 2nd edn (Cambridge, 1985). K. Lwith, Max Weber and Karl Marx, ed. T. Bottomore and W. Outhwaite (London, 1993). S. Turner (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Weber (Cambridge 2000), chs 4 (Lassman) and 7 (Eliaeson) S. P. Turner and R. Factor, Max Weber: The Lawyer as Social Thinker (Routledge, 1994). 12

R. Aron, Max Weber and Power-Politics, in O. Stammer (ed.), Max Weber and Sociology Today (Oxford, 1971), pp. 83132. * R. Slagstad, Liberal Constitutionalism and its Critics: Carl Schmitt and Max Weber, in J. Elster and R. Slagstad (eds.), Constitutionalism and Democracy (Cambridge, 1988), pp. 10330. B. Turner, Nietzsche, Weber and the Devaluation of Politics, Sociological Review 30 (1982), pp. 367 91, or B. Turner, For Weber (Routledge, 1996), Part I. D. Sayer, Capitalism and Modernity: An Excursus on Marx and Weber (London, 1991). * M. Warren, Max Webers Liberalism for a Nietzschean World, American Political Science Review 82 (1988), pp. 3150. A. Ryan, Mill and Weber on History, Freedom and Reason, in W.J. Mommsen and J. Osterhammel (eds.), Max Weber and His Contemporaries (London, 1987), pp. 17081. L. Scaff, Max Weber and Robert Michels, American Journal of Sociology 86,6 (1981), pp. 12691285. [Maybe star] G. Poggi, Max Weber (Polity, 2005)

A5. MARXISM AND THE REVOLUTIONARY CRISIS OF WWI Set texts: V. I. Lenin, State and Revolution V. I. Lenin, Left-wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder R. Luxemburg, The Russian Revolution G. Lukcs, Lenin: A Study in the Unity of his Thought K. Korsch, Marxism and Philosophy K. Kautsky, The Dictatorship of the Proletariat A. Gramsci, The Modern Prince, in Prison Notebooks Many of these texts are available online at http://www.marxists.org/archive (search by author, then by work). Selected printed versions may be found in: Lenin, The State and Revolution, ed. R. Service (Harmondsworth, 1992); R.C. Tucker (ed.),The Lenin Anthology (New York, 1975) Selected Political Writings of Rosa Luxemburg, ed. D.Howard (New York, 1989) G. Lukcs, Lenin: A Study in the Unity of His Thought (London, 1970)

13

K. Korsch, Marxism and Philosophy, in Korsch, Marxism and Philosophy, trans. F. Halliday (London, 1972) K. Kautsky, The Dictatorship of the Proletariat, trans. H. J. Stenning (Ann Arbor, 1964) A. Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, trans. Q. Hoare (New York, 1971).

Further reading suggestions: * G. Lukcs, Critical Observations on Rosa Luxemburgs Critique of the Russian Revolution, in Lukcs, Political Writings 191929: The Question of Parliamentarism and Other Essays, ed. R. Livingstone (London, 1972). P. Anderson, Considerations on Western Marxism (London, 1976). R. Jacoby, Dialectic of defeat: contours of Western Marxism (Cambridge, 1981). C. Read, Lenin: A Revolutionary Life (London, 2005). * N. Harding, Lenins Political Thought, 2 vols (London, 1977 and 1981). * S. Bronner, A Revolutionary for our Times: Rosa Luxemburg, 3rd edn (University Park, 1997). F.L. Carsten, Freedom and Revolution: Rosa Luxemburg, in L. Labedz (ed.), Revisionism: Essays on the History of Marxist Ideas, 2nd edn (London, 1974). * N. Geras, Democracy and the Ends of Marxism, New Left Review 203 (January-February 1994), pp. 92107. A. Evans, Rereading Lenins State and Revolution, The Slavic Review 46 (1987), pp. 119. R. Lanning, Ethics and self-mastery: revolution and the fully developed person in the work of Georg Lukcs, Science and Society 65:3 (2001) pp. 327-49. N. Levine, Lukcs on Lenin, Studies in Soviet Thought 18 (1978), pp. 1731. * P. Goode, Karl Korsch: a study in Western Marxism (London, 1979). D. Kellner (ed.), Karl Korsch: revolutionary theory (Austin, Texas, 1977). M. Donald, Marxism and Revolution: Karl Kautsky and the Russian Marxists, 1900-1924 (New Haven and London, 1993). J.H. Kautsky, Karl Kautsky: Marxism, Revolution and Democracy (New Brunswick, NJ, 1994). G.P. Steenson, Karl Kautsky, 1854-1938: Marxism in the Classical Years (Pittsburgh and London, 1978). M. Salvadori, Karl Kautsky and the Socialist Revolution, 1880-1938, trans. J. Rothschild (London, 1979). 14

M. Clark, Antonio Gramsci and the revolution that failed (New Haven, 1977). * D. Germino, Antonio Gramsci: architect of a new politics (Baton Rouge, LA, 1990). G. Fiori, Antonio Gramsci: Life of a Revolutionary, trans. T. Nairn (London, 1990). J. Joll, Antonio Gramsci (Harmondsworth, 1978). P. Spriano, Antonio Gramsci and the party: the prison years, trans. J. Fraser (London, 1979). M.A. Finocchiaro, Antonio Gramsci and the history of dialectical thought (Cambridge, 2002). * M.A. Finocchiaro, Beyond right and left: democratic elitism in Mosca and Gramsci (New Haven and London, 1999). P. Togliatti, On Gramsci, in On Gramsci, and other writings, trans. and ed. D. Sassoon (London, 1979).

A6. LUKCS Set texts: From Political Writings 191929: The Question of Parliamentarism and Other Essays, ed. R. Livingstone (London, 1972): Tactics and Ethics, The Question of Parliamentarism. From History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, trans. R. Livingstone (London, 1971): What is Orthodox Marxism, Class Consciousness, Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat, Critical Observations on Rosa Luxemburgs Critique of the Russian Revolution. Lenin: A Study in the Unity of his Thought (London, 1970). Further reading suggestions: G. Lukcs, A Defence of History and Class Consciousness: Tailism and the Dialectic, trans. E. Leslie (London, 2000), including S. Zizek, Georg Lukcs as the Philosopher of Leninism, pp. 151-82. H.F. Pitkin, Rethinking Reification, Theory and Society 16:2 (1987), pp. 263-93. V. Zitta, Georg Lukcs Marxism: Alienation, Dialectics, Revolution: A Study in Utopia and Ideology (The Hague, 1964). 15

R. Lanning, Ethics and self-mastery: revolution and the fully developed person in the work of Georg Lukcs, Science and Society 65:3 (2001) 327-49. A. Kadarkay, Georg Lukcs: Life, Thought and Politics (Oxford, 1991). G.H.R. Parkinson, Georg Lukcs, 2nd edn (London, 1985). * M. Gluck, Georg Lukacs and His Generation, 19001918 (Cambridge/Mass., 1985). * . Kardi, Ernst Bloch and Georg Lukcs in Max Webers Heidelberg, in W.J. Mommsen and J. Osterhammel (eds), Max Weber and His Contemporaries (London, 1987), pp. 499 514. A. Arato and P. Breines, The Young Lukcs ands the Origins of Western Marxism (New York, 1979). * M. Lwy, Georg Lukcs From Romanticism to Bolshevism, trans. P. Camiller (London, 1979). L. Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, 3 vols (Oxford 1978), ch. 7. * G. Stedman Jones, The Marxism of the Early Lukcs, in P. Anderson (ed.), Western Marxism: A Critical Reader (London, 1977), pp. 1160. F. Fehr, The Last Phase of Romantic Anticapitalism: Lukcss Response to the War, New German Critique 10 (Winter 1977), pp. 139154. N. Levine, Lukcs on Lenin, Studies in Soviet Thought 18 (1978), pp. 1731. * M. Jay, Georg Lukcs and the Origins of the Western Marxist Paradigm, in M. Jay, Marxism and Totality The Adventures of a Concept from Lukcs to Habermas (Berkeley, 1984). E. L. Corredor, Lukcs after Communism: Interviews with Contemporary Intellectuals (Durham, 1997). P. Breines, Young Lukcs, Old Lukcs, New Lukcs, Journal of Modern History 51 (1979), pp. 533 546. P. Anderson, Considerations on Western Marxism (London, 1980). A7. THEORISTS AND CRITICS OF IMPERIALISM Set texts: J.A. Hobson, Imperialism V. I. Lenin, Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism T. Veblen, An Enquiry into the Nature of Peace and the Terms of its Perpetuation J. Schumpeter, Imperialism and Social Classes F. Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth

16

N.B.: Veblen title may be found as republished by Routledge / Thoemmes (London, 1994) as the fifth volume of The Collected Works of Thorstein Veblen; Schumpeter is the title of the text edited by P. Sweezy (New York, 1990). Further reading suggestions: N. Bukharin, Imperialism and World Economy (New York, 1930 / 1972; London, 1973). R. Luxemburg, The Accumulation of Capital, trans. A. Schwarzschild, with introd. by J. Robinson (London, 1951). See also with reply by Bakunin in Imperialism and the Accumulation of Capital, trans. R. Wichmann, ed. with introd. by K.J. Tarbuck (London, 1972). M. Blaug (ed.), Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929) (Aldershot, 1992). J. C. Wood, Thorstein Veblen: critical assessments, 3 vols (London, 1993). * P. Cain, Hobson and Imperialism: Radicalism, New Liberalism, and Finance 1887- 1938 A. M. Eckstein, Is There a Hobson-Lenin Thesis on Late Nineteenth-Century Colonial Expansion? Economic History Review, new series, 44:2 (1991), pp.297-318. * D.H. Krueger, Hobson, Lenin, and Schumpeter on Imperialism, Journal of the History of Ideas 16 (1955), pp. 25259. * A. Brewer, Marxist Theories of Imperialism: A Critical Survey, 2nd ed (London, 1990). E. Stokes, Late Nineteenth-Century Colonial Expansion and the Attack on the Theory of Economic Imperialism: A Case of Mistaken Identity?, The Historical Journal, vol. 12 (1969), pp. 285-301. * N. Etherington, Reconsidering Theories of Imperialism, History and Theory 21 (1982), pp. 1-36. D. Long, Towards a New Liberal Internationalism: The International Theory of J.A. Hobson (Cambridge, 1996). * M. Freeden, J. A. Hobson as a Political Theorist, in J. Pheby (ed.) J. A. Hobson After 50 Years (New York, 1994), pp. 19-33; rpt. in M. Freeden, Liberal Languages: ideological imaginations and twentieth-century progressive thought (Princeton, 2005), pp.94-108. * B. Semmel, The liberal ideal and the demons of empire: theories of imperialism from Adam Smith to Lenin (Baltimore, 1993). D. Macey, Frantz Fanon: A Life (New York, 2000).

A8. THE CRISIS OF WEIMAR Set texts: C. Schmitt, The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy 17

C. Schmitt, The Concept of the Political H. Kelsen, The Pure Theory of Law M. Weber, The President of the Reich The Weimar Constitution Recommended editions: C. Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, expanded edn, ed. G. Schwab (Chicago, 2007). C. Schmitt, The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy, ed. E. Kennedy (Cambridge, MA, 1985). H. Kelsen, Pure Theory of Law, trans. M. Knight from the second (rev. and enl.) German edn (Berkeley, 1970). M. Weber, The President of the Reich, in Political Writings, ed. P. Lassmann and R. Speirs (Cambridge, 1994). Further reading suggestions: For political background: J. Breuilly (ed.) Nineteenth-century Germany: Politics, Culture and Society 1780-1918, chs. 8, 10 by K. A. Lerman. H. Kraus, The crisis of German democracy: a study of the spirit of the constitution of Weimar, ed. W.S. Myers, with English translation of the German Constitution by M. Wolff (Princeton, 1932). C. Schmitt, Political Theology, ed. G. Schwab (Cambridge, MA, 1985). C. Schmitt, Legality and Legitimacy, trans and ed. J. Seitzer (Durham, NC, 2004). C. Schmitt, The Age of Neutralizations and Depoliticizations, [1929] Telos, no. 96 (1993), pp. 130142. * D. J. Kelly, The State of the Political: Conceptions of Politics and the State in the Thought of Max Weber, Carl Schmitt and Franz Neumann (Oxford, 2003). W. Scheuerman, Carl Schmitts Critique of Liberal Constitutionalism, Review of Politics 58: 2 (1996), pp. 299-322. * W. Scheuerman, Carl Schmitt: The End of Law (Lanham, MD, 1999) J. Werner-Mller, Contesting Democracy: Political Ideas in Twentieth-Century Europe (New Haven, CT, 2011), ch. 3. T. Strong, Politics without Vision: Thinking without a Bannister in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, 2012), ch. 6 J. Seitzer, Comparative History and Legal Theory: Carl Schmitt in the First German Democracy (Westport, CT, 2001).

18

H. Meier, Carl Schmitt and Leo Strauss (Chicago, 1995); also: The Lesson of Carl Schmitt: Four Chapters on the Distinction between Political Theology & Political Philosophy, trans. M. Brainard (Chicago, 1995). J.-W. Mller, A Dangerous Mind: Carl Schmitt in Post-War European Thought (New Haven, 2003). [Star] * E. Kennedy, Constitutional Failure: Carl Schmitt in Weimar (Durham, NC, 2004) P.M. Stirk, Carl Schmitt, crown jurist of the Third Reich: on preemptive war, military occupation, and world empire (Lewiston, NY, 2005). R. Wolin, The Frankfurt School Revisited: and other essays on politics and society (London, 2006), ch. on The disoriented left: a critique of left Schmittianism, also Labyrinths (Amherst, MA, 1995). P.C. Caldwell [review article]: Controversies over Carl Schmitt: a review of recent literature, Journal of Modern History 77 (2005), pp.357-87. * P. C. Caldwell, Popular Sovereignty and the Crisis of German Constitutional Law (Durham NC, 1997). L. Strauss, German Nihilism, Interpretation: A Journal of Poiltical Philosophy, vol. 26 (1999), pp.35378. J. Bendersky, Carl Schmitt: Theorist for the Reich (Princeton, 1983). D. Dyzenhaus (ed.) Law as Politics: Carl Schmitts Critique of Liberalism (Durham, 1998). * D. Dyzenhaus, Legality and Legitimacy: Carl Schmitt, Hans Kelsen, and Hermann Heller in Weimar (Oxford, 1997). J. P. McCormick, Carl Schmitts Critique of Liberalism: Against Politics as Technology (Cambridge, 1997). C. Mouffe (ed.), The Challenge of Carl Schmitt (London, 1999). R. Cristi, Carl Schmitt and Authoritarian Liberalism (Cardiff, 1997). G. Balakrishnan, The Enemy: an intellectual portrait of Carl Schmitt (London, 2000). P. Gordon, Continental Divide (Harvard, 2010). B. Lazier, God Interrupted (Princeton, 2008). *D. Bates, Political Theology and the Nazi State: Carl Schmitts Conception of the Institution, Modern Intellectual History, vol. 3, no. 3 (2006), pp. 415-442. * W. Scheuerman, The Rule of Law under Siege: Carl Schmitt and the Death of the Weimar Republic, History of Political Thought, 14 (1993), pp. 265280. D. Diner, Constitutional Theory and the State of Emergency in the Weimarer Republik: The Case of Carl Schmitt, Tel Aviver Jahrbuch fr deutsche Geschichte 17 (1988), pp. 303322. 19

* D. Kelly, Carl Schmitts Political Theory of Representation, Journal of the History of Ideas 65:1 (2004), pp. 11334. *J. P. McCormick, Fear, Technology and the State: Carl Schmitt, Leo Strauss, and the Revival of Hobbes in Weimar and National Socialist Germany, Political Theory 22, 4 (1994), pp. 619-52. P. C. Caldwell and W. E. Scheuerman, From Liberal Democracy to Fascism: Legal and Political Thought in the Weimar Republic (Boston, 2000). * D. Diner and M. Stolleis (eds) Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt: a juxtaposition (Gerlingen, 1989). L. Vinx, Hans Kelsens pure theory of law: legality and legitimacy (Oxford, 2007). * U. Preuss, Political order and democracy: Carl Schmitt and his influence, in C. Mouffe (ed.) The Challenge of Carl Schmitt (London, 1999), pp. 155-79.

A9. THE EARLIER FRANKFURT SCHOOL: Critical Theory and the Critique of the Nazi State Set texts: O. Kirchheimer, Changes in the Structure of Political Compromise F. Pollock, State Capitalism: its Possibilities and Limitations M. Horkheimer, The Authoritarian State F. Neumann, Behemoth: the structure and practice of National Socialism The three articles above can be found in The Essential Frankfurt School Reader, ed. A. Arato and E. Gebhardt (New York, 1982); the Neumann book exists in editions published in London, 1942 or New York, 1967. Further reading suggestions: Additional text in The Essential Frankfurt School Reader as above: Max Horkheimer, The End of Reason. Additional texts in Social Democracy and the Rule of Law, ed. K. Tribe (London, 1987): F. Neumann, Rechtsstaat, The Division of Powers and Socialism F. Neumann, On the Marxist Theory of the State O. Kirchheimer, Legality and Legitimacy O. Kirchheimer and N. Leites, Remarks on Carl Schmitts Legalitt und Legimitt

20

Also see W. E. Scheuerman (ed.) The Rule of Law under Siege: Selected Essays of Franz L. Neumann and Otto Kirchheimer (California, 1996). * W. E. Scheuerman, Between the Norm and the Exception: the Frankfurt School and the rule of law (Cambridge, MA, 1994). W. E. Scheuerman, Neumann vs. Habermas: the Frankfurt School and the Case of the Rule of Law, Praxis International 13,1 (1993), pp. 50-67. * D. J. Kelly, Rethinking Franz Neumanns route to Behemoth, History of Political Thought 23: 3 (2002), pp. 458-96. * D. J. Kelly, State of the political: conceptions of politics and the state in the thought of Max Weber, Carl Schmitt and Franz Neumann (Oxford, 2003). P. Stirk, Max Horkheimer: A New Interpretation (London, 1992). * B. M. Katz, The Criticism of Arms: The Frankfurt School Goes to War, Journal of Modern History 59 (1987), pp. 439478. E. Bahr, The Anti-Semitism Studies of the Frankfurt School, in J. Marcus and Z. Tar (eds), Foundations of the Frankfurt School of Social Research (New Brunswick, NJ, 1984). * R. Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History, Theories, and Political Significance, trans. M. Robertson (Cambridge, MA, 1994). * M. Jay, The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute for Social Research, 19231950 (Boston, 1973). C. Offe, The Problem of Social Power in Franz L. Neumanns Thought, Constellations 10 (2003), pp. 211-27. H. Buchstein, A Heroic Reconciliation of Freedom and Power: On the Tension between Democratic and Social Theory in the Late Works of Franz L. Neumann, Constellations 10 (2003), pp. 228-46. R. Cotterell, The Rule of Law in Corporate Society: Neumann, Kirchheimer and the Lessons of Weimar [review article], Modern Law Review 51 (1988), pp. 126-40.

A10. THE LATER FRANKFURT SCHOOL: The Cultural Critique of Capitalism Set texts: T. Adorno, Freudian Theory and the Pattern of Fascist Propaganda H. Marcuse, Technology, War and Fascism H. Marcuse, One-Dimensional Man

21

J. Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action J. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms The Adorno text may be found in The Essential Frankfurt School Reader, ed. A. Arato and E. Gebhardt (New York, 1982). Further reading suggestions: * T. W. Adorno and M. Horkheimer, Dialectic of Enlightenment (London, 1972). H. Marcuse, Heideggerian Marxism, eds. R. Wolin and J. Abromeit (Lincoln, Nebraska, 2005) [texts written 1928-1932]. * R. Wolin, The Frankfurt School Revisited: and other essays on politics and society (London, 2006), chs. on The Frankfurt School Revisited, The Adorno Centennial: the apotheosis of negative dialectics, and Critical Reflections on Marcuses Theory of Revolution. D. Gusejnova, Concepts of culture and technology in Germany, 1916-1933, Journal of European Studies 36:1 (2006) pp. 5-30. H. Liebersohn, Fate and Utopia in German Sociology, 1870-1923 (Cambridge MA, 1988). [STAR] R. Geuss, Dialectics and the revolutionary impulse, in The Cambridge Companion to Critical Theory, ed. F. Rush (Cambridge, 2004), pp. 103-138, available from Cambridge Companions Online. R. Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History, Theories, and Political Significance, trans. M. Robertson (Cambridge, MA, 1994). M. Jay, The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute for Social Research, 19231950 (Boston, 1973). P. Stirk, Critical Theory, Politics and Society (London, 2000). G. Friedman, The Political Philosophy of the Frankfurt School (Ithaca, 1981). * P. Connerton, Tragedy of the Enlightenment: An Essay on the Frankfurt School (Cambridge, 1981) D. Held, Introduction to Critical Theory: Horkheimer to Habermas (London, 1980). S. Jarvis, Adorno: A Critical Introduction (Cambridge, 1998). S. Jarvis, Adorno, Marx, Materialism, in T. Huhn (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Adorno (Cambridge, 2004), pp.79-100, available from Cambridge Companions Online. * A. Honneth, A Social Pathology of Reason, in F. Rush (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Critical Theory (Cambridge, 2004), pp.336-360, available from Cambridge Companions Online. * S. Chambers, The politics of Critical Theory, in F. Rush (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Critical Theory (Cambridge, 2004), pp.219-247, available from Cambridge Companions Online. * D. Kellner, Herbert Marcuse and the Crisis of Marxism (London, 1984). 22

M. Specter, Habermas: An Intellectual Biography (Cambridge, 2010). R. von Schomberg and K. Baynes (eds), Discourse and Democracy: essays on Habernas Between Facts and Norms (Albany, NY, 2002). R. Coles, Identity and difference in the ethical positions of Adorno and Habermas, in S.K. White (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Habermas (Cambridge, 1995), pp.19-45, available from Cambridge Companions Online. * K. Baynes, Democracy and the Rechtsstaat: Habermas Faktizitt und Geltung [Beyond Facts and Norms], in S.K. White (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Habermas (Cambridge, 1995), pp.201-232, available from Cambridge Companions Online. * R. Geuss, The Idea of a Critical Theory: Habermas and the Frankfurt School (1981). A. D. Moses, German Intellectuals and the Nazi Past (Cambridge, 2007).

A11. LIBERAL CRITICS OF TOTALITARIANISM Set texts: K. Popper, The Open Society and its Enemies F. Hayek, The Road to Serfdom I. Berlin, Two Concepts of Liberty R. Aron, Democracy and Totalitarianism G. Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn J. Talmon, The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy N.B.: Hayek, The Road to Serfdom [1944] may be found in The Collected Work of F.A. Hayek, vol. II (London, 2007). Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn, may be found in P. Davison (ed.) Complete Works of George Orwell, vol.12, or in S. Orwell and I. Angus (eds) Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, vol.2: My Country Right or Left (Harmondsworth, 1970). Berlin may be found in I. Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford, 1969). Further reading suggestions: F. Draus (ed.), History, Truth, Liberty: selected writings of Raymond Aron, with a memoir by Edward Shils (Chicago, 1985). I. Berlin, Freedom and its Betrayal: six enemies of human liberty (Princeton, 2002). R. Colquhoun, Raymond Aron, 2 vols. [esp. vol.1: The philosopher in history, 1905- 1955] (London, 1986).

23

A. OHear (ed.), Karl Popper: critical assessments (London, 2004), vols. 1 [biography /background] and 4 [politics and social science]. * M. Hacohen, Karl Popper: the formative years, 1902-1945: politics and philosophy in interwar Vienna (Cambridge, 2000). J. Shearmur, The political thought of Karl Popper (Routledge, 1996). * E. Feser (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Hayek (Cambridge, 2006), esp. chs. By Caldwell (Hayek and the Austrian Tradition), Boettke (Hayek and Market Socialism), Gamble (Hayek on Knowledge, Economics, and Society), OHear (Hayek and Popper), Shearmur (Hayeks Politics), and Skoble (Hayek the Philosopher of Law), available from Cambridge Companions Online. A. Ebenstein, Hayeks Journey: the mind of Friedrich Hayek (Basingstoke, 2003). R. Kley, Hayeks Social and Political Thought (Oxford, 1994). J. Gray, Hayek on Liberty (Oxford, 1984). * A. Gamble, Hayek. The Iron Cage of Liberty (Westview, 1996). C. Kukathas, Hayek and Modern Liberalism (Oxford, 1989). M. Ignatieff, Isaiah Berlin: a life (London, 1998). J. Gray, Isaiah Berlin (London, 1995). M. Lilla, R. Dworkin, and R. Silvers, eds, The Legacy of Isaiah Berlin (New York, 2001). * R. Pezzimenti, The Open Society and its Friends: with letters from Isaiah Berlin and the late Karl R. Popper (Leominster, 1997). P. Manent et al., European liberty: Raymond Aron, Isaiah Berlin, Leszek Kolakowski, Marguerite Yourcenar: four essays on the 25th anniversary of the Erasmus Prize Foundation (The Hague, 1983). Z. Sternhell (ed.), The intellectual revolt against liberal democracy 1870-1945: international conference in memory of Jacob L. Talmon (Jerusalem, 1996). Totalitarian democracy and after: international colloquium in memory of Jacob L. Talmon (Jerusalem, 1984). P. Davison (ed.), Orwell and Politics: Animal Farm in the context of essays, reviews and letters selected from the complete works of George Orwell (London, 2001). B. Crick, George Orwell. A Life (London, 1980). * J. Newsinger, Orwells Politics (Basingstoke, 1999; republished 2001). B. Clarke, Orwell and Englishness, The Review of English Studies 57 (2006), pp.83- 105. * D. Runciman, Political Hypocrisy: The Mask of Power from Hobbes to Orwell and Beyond (Princeton, 2008), ch. on Orwell. 24

A12. HAYEK Set texts: [See where possible The Collected Works of F.A. Hayek, founding editor W.W. Bartley III; editor Stephen Kresge (London: Routledge, 1988- [ongoing]) = CW] From Collectivist Economic Planning (New York, 1977) = CW X: Socialism and War: The Nature and History of the Problem, The Present State of the Debate. The Road to Serfdom [1944] (London, 2007 = CW II) * From Hayek, Individualism and Economic Order (Chicago, 1980): Individualism: True and False [1945], Economics and Knowledge [delivered 1936; published 1937], The Use of Knowledge in Society [1945], The Constitution of Liberty (London, 1976) Law. Legislation and Liberty: A new statement of the liberal principles of justice and political economy, single vol. edn (London, 1982), alternatively: Vol. 1 Rules and Order (1973) Vol. 2 The Mirage of Social Justice (1976) Vol. 3 The Political Order of a Free People (1979) Further reading suggestions: L. von Mises, Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth, in F. A. Hayek (ed.), Collectivist Economic Planning: Critical Studies on the Possibilities of Socialism (London, 1935). * E. Feser (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Hayek (Cambridge, 2006), esp. chs. By Caldwell (Hayek and the Austrian Tradition), Boettke (Hayek and Market Socialism), Gamble (Hayek on Knowledge, Economics, and Society), OHear (Hayek and Popper), Shearmur (Hayeks Politics), and Skoble (Hayek the Philosopher of Law), available from Cambridge Companions Online. A. Ebenstein, Friedrich Hayek: a biography (Chicago, 2003). * A. Ebenstein, Hayeks Journey: the mind of Friedrich Hayek (Basingstoke, 2003). R. Kley, Hayeks Social and Political Thought (Oxford, 1994). J. Gray, Hayek on Liberty (Oxford, 1984). * A. Gamble, Hayek. The Iron Cage of Liberty (Westview, 1996). C. Kukathas, Hayek and Modern Liberalism (Oxford, 1989). S. Fleetwood, Hayeks Political Economy: The Socio-Economics of Order (London, 1995). D.R. Steele, From Marx to von Mises: Post-Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation (La Salle, IL, 1992). 25

J. Gray, Liberalism (Oxford, 1986). * J. Shearmur, The Austrian Connection: Hayeks Liberalism and the Thought of Carl Menger, in W.Grassl and B. Smith (eds.), Austrian Economics (New York, 1986), pp. 21024. J.C. Nyiri, Intellectual Foundations of Austrian Liberalism, in W.Grassl and B.Smith (eds.), Austrian Economics (New York, 1986), pp. 10238. R. Walther, Economic Liberalism, Economy and Society 13 (1984), pp. 178207. * D. Shapiro, Reviving the Socialist Calculation Debate: A Defense of Hayek against Lange, in E.F. Paul et al. (eds), Socialism (Oxford, 1989), pp. 13959. * J. ONeill, Who Won the Socialist Calculation Debate? History of Political Thought 17,3 (1996), pp. 431442. R. Holton and B. Turner, Max Weber, Austrian Economics and the New Right, in R. Holton and B. Turner, Max Weber on Economy and Society (London, 1989). B. Caldwell, Hayeks Challenge: An Intellectual Biography of F.A. Hayek (Chicago, 2004). * M. Desai, Marxs Revenge: the resurgence of capitalism and the death of statist socialism (Verso, 2002).

A13. THEORISTS OF WELFARE AND DEMOCRACY Set texts: J. Dewey, The Public and its Problems K. Arrow, Social Choice and Individual Values J. Schumpeter, The crisis of the tax state J. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy R. Dahl, A Preface to Democratic Theory N.B.: Schumpeter, The Crisis of the Tax State, International Economic Papers 4 (1954), pp. 538. Further reading suggestions: * R.A. Dahl, Pluralist democracy in the United States: conflict and consent (Chicago, 1967). W. Lippmann, Public opinion (New York, 1922). J. Isaac, The Human Sciences in Cold War America, Historical Journal 50 (September 2007), pp.72546. * G. Slomp and M. LaManna, Hobbes, Arrow and Absolutism (Glasgow, 1997).

26

* B. Crick, The American science of politics: its origins and conditions (Berkeley, 1959). A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, 1957). M. Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: public goods and the logic of groups (Cambridge, MA, 1965). *S. M. Amadae, Rationalizing capitalist democracy: the Cold War origins of rational choice liberalism (Chicago, 2003). * J. Medaris, Schumpeter, the New Deal and Democracy, American Political Science Review 91 (1997), pp. 81932. * R. Bellamy, Schumpeter and the Transformation of Capitalism, Liberalism and Democracy, Government and Opposition 26 (Autumn 1991), pp. 50019. * J. Dunn, Capitalism, Socialism, Democracy: Compatibilities and Contradictions, in J. Dunn (ed.), The Economic Limits to Modern Politics (Cambridge, 1990), pp. 195219. E. Marz, Joseph Schumpeter: Scholar, Teacher and Politician (New Haven, 1991). J. C. Wood (ed.), J. A. Schumpeter: Critical Assessments (New York, 1991). R. Swedberg, Schumpeter: A Biography (Princeton, 1991). R. B. Westbrook, John Dewey and American democracy (Ithaca, NY, 2001). * A. Ryan, John Dewey and the high tide of American liberalism (New York, 1995). J.E. Tiles (ed.), John Dewey: critical assessments (London, 1992), vol.2: Political theory and social practice. * T. Ball, An Ambivalent Alliance: Political Science and American Democracy, in J. Farr, J. S. Dryzek, and S. T. Leonard (eds) Political Science in History: Research Programs and Political Traditions (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 41-65. * R. Tuck, Free Riding (Cambridge, MA, 2008). J. Isaac, Working Knowledge: Making the Human Sciences from Parsons to Kuhn (Cambridge, MA, 2012)

A14. RAWLS Set texts: A Theory of Justice, revised edn (Oxford, 1999). Political Liberalism, paperback edition (New York, 1996) [this edn has new Introduction and includes the Reply to Habermas]

27

Further reading suggestions: [See Rawls, Collected Papers, ed. S. Freeman (Cambridge, MA, 1999) = CP] J. Rawls, The Law of Peoples (Cambridge, MA, 1999). J. Rawls, Justice as Fairness: A Restatement (Cambridge, MA, 2001) J. Rawls, Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical, Philosophy & Public Affairs 14:3 (1985), pp. 22351, repr. in CP. * T. Pogge, John Rawls: his life and theory of justice, trans. M. Kosch (Oxford, 2007). T. Brooks and F. Freyenhagen (eds.) The Legacy of John Rawls (New York, 2005): articles by Wenar*, Laden*, Mahoney, and Talisse. [Laden originally published as: 'Taking the Distinction between Persons Seriously', Journal of Moral Philosophy 1 (2004) pp. 277-292.] C. Kukathas (ed.) John Rawls: critical assessments of leading political philosophers, 4 vols. (New York, 2003): Vol. I, Foundations and Method: articles by Nagel*, Dworkin*, Lyons, Kymlicka; Vol. II, Principles of Justice I: articles by Pettit, Barry, Altham, Waldron, Fishkin, Sabl; Vol. III, Principles of Justice II: articles by Okin, Feder Kittay, Sandel*, Walzer*, Habermas*. Vol. IV, Political Liberalism and The Law of Peoples: articles by Scheffler, Estlund, Kelly & McPherson, Raz*, Hampton*. S. Freeman (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Rawls (Cambridge/UK, 2003): articles by Scanlon, Dreben*, ONeill, Larmore, Scheffler, available through Cambridge Companions Online. * R. Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia (New York, 1974), Part I and ch.7. * C. Taylor, Cross-Purposes: the Liberal-Communitarian Debate, in N. Rosenblum (ed.) Liberalism and the Moral Life (Cambridge, 1982), pp. 159-82. * B. Barry, Review: John Rawls and the Search for Stability, Ethics, 105 (1995), pp. 874-915. C. Kukathas and P. Pettit, Rawls: A Theory of Justice and its Critics (Cambridge, 1990). R. M. Hare, Rawlss Theory of Justice I and II, Philosophical Quarterly 23 (1973), pp. 144-155 and 241-252 C. Audard, John Rawls (Stocksfield, 2007). R. Geuss, Outside Ethics (Princeton, 2005), ch. 2 Neither History nor Praxis, pp. 29-39. M. Nussbaum, Frontiers of Justice (Cambridge, MA, 2006), esp. ch. 1. E. F. Kittay, Human Dependency and Rawlsian Equality, in D.T. Meyers (ed.) Feminists Rethink the Self (Westview, 1997). C. Beitz, Justice and International Relations, Philosophy & Public Affairs 4 (1975), pp. 360-89.

28

T. Pogge, An Egalitarian Law of Peoples, Philosophy & Public Affairs 23 (1994), pp. 195-224. M. Blake, International Justice, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, available online at: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/international-justice/#3 [Some of the above articles, or similar pieces by the same authors, originally appeared in N. Daniels (ed.) Reading Rawls (New York, 1973)].

SECTION B B15. POLITICS AND MORALITY C. Schmitt, The Concept of the Political. * J. Dunn, The Cunning of Unreason (London, 2000). R. Hardin, Collective Action (Baltimore and London, 1982). M. Oakeshott, On Human Conduct (Oxford, 1975), Parts I & II. S. Hampshire, Justice is Conflict (London, 1999). M. Walzer, Spheres of Justice (New York, 1983). J. Rawls, The domain of the political and overlapping consensus in Rawls, Collected Papers (Cambridge, MA, 1999). A. Camus, Camus at Combat: Writing 1944-1947, ed. J. Levi-Valensi, trans. A. Goldhammer (Princeton, 207). I. Berlin, Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, ed. H. Hardy (Princeton, 2001). * A. MacIntyre, After Virtue: a study in moral theory, 25th anniv. edn (London, 2007). I. Murdoch, The Sovereignty of Good (London, 2001 [1971]). *S. Mendus, Politics and Morality (Polity, 2009). R. Geuss, History and Illusion in Politics (Cambridge, 2001). * B. Williams, Realism and Moralism in Political Theory, In the Beginning Was the Deed, and Modernity and the Substance of Ethical Life, in his In the Beginning Was the Deed, eg. G.Hawthorn (Princeton, 2005), pp.117, 1828, and 4051. F. Kamm, Intricate Ethics (Oxford, 2007), ch. 10. D. J. Kelly, The Political Thought of Isaiah Berlin, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 4 (2002), pp. 29-45. D. R. Villa, Politics, Philosophy, Terror: Essays on the Thought of Hannah Arendt (Princeton, 2000).

29

K. A. Appiah, Experiments in Ethics (Harvard, 2008). * M. Philp, Political Conduct (Cambridge, MA, 2007). J. Bourg, From Revolution to Ethics: May 1968 and Contemporary French Thought (Montreal, 2009) D.W. Runciman, Political Hypocrisy: The Mask of Power from Hobbes to Orwell and Beyond (Princeton, 2008).

B16. STATE, SOVEREIGNTY AND POLITICAL OBLIGATION * T.H. Green, Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation. V. I. Lenin, State and Revolution. * B. Bosanquet, The Philosophical Theory of the State, 4th edn (Aldershot, 1993). M. Horkheimer, The Authoritarian State. M. Oakeshott, On Human Conduct (Oxford, 1975), Part III. * M. Weber, The Nation-State and Economic Policy, in M. Weber, Political Writings, ed. P. Lassman and R. Speirs (Cambridge, 1994). R. Aron, Macht, Power, Puissance, in S. Lukes (ed.), Power (Oxford, 1986). R. Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia (Oxford, 1984). * Q. Skinner, The State, in T. Ball et al. (eds.), Political Innovation and Conceptual Change (Cambridge, 1989). * Q. Skinner and B. Strth (eds.), States and Citizens: History, Theory, Prospects (Cambridge, 2003), Part I: chs.13 (by Q. Skinner, States and the freedom of citizens, pp. 1127; D. Runciman, The concept of the state: the sovereignty of a fiction, pp. 2838, and G. Poggi, Citizens and the state: retrospect and prospect, pp. 3948). * R. Geuss, History and Illusion in Politics (Cambridge, 2001), ch. 1. O. Hintze, The Formation of States and Constitutional Development: A Study in History and Politics, and Military Organisation and the Organisation of the State, in The Historical Essays of Otto Hintze, ed. F. Gilbert (New York, 1975), pp. 15777 and pp. 178215. P. Bobbitt, The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace and the Course of History (Penguin, 2002), Book I. * J. Bartelson, The Critique of the State (Cambridge 2001) P. Steinberger, The Idea of the State (Cambridge, 2005). R. Geuss, History and Illusion in Politics (Princeton, 2001), ch.1 The State, pp. 14-68. D. Runciman, Is the State a Corporation? Government and Opposition 35 (2000), pp. 90-104. 30

J. Simmons, Justification and Legitimacy (Cambridge, 2001). P. Singer, Democracy and Disobedience (Oxford, 1973). John Dunn, Political Obligation in its Historical Context (Cambridge, 1980). R.P. Wolff, In Defense of Anarchism (New York, 1970). * C. Pateman, The Problem of Political Obligation (Chichester, 1979). H.Pitkin, Obligation and Consent, Philosophy, Politics and Society (4th series), P. *Laslett and W. G. Runciman (eds.) (Oxford, 1972). *J. Rawls, Legal Obligation and the Duty of Fair Play in Rawls, Collected Papers(Cambridge, MA, 1999). D. McDermott, Fair Play Obligations, Political Studies 52:2 (2004), pp. 216-232. J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, rev. edition (Cambridge/Mass., 1999), ch. 6 Duty and Obligation, secs. 559. J. L. Cohen, Globalization and Sovereignty: Rethinking Legality, Legitimacy, and Constitutionalism (Cambridge, 2012) T. Fazal, State Death: The Politics and Geography of Conquest, Annexation, and Occupation (Princeton, 2007) J. Raz (ed.), Authority (Oxford, 1990). * J. Raz, The Obligation to Obey: Revision and Tradition and Government by Consent in Raz, Ethics in the Public Domain (Oxford, 1994). * W. Edmundson, Three Anarchical Fallacies (Cambridge, 1998). T. R. Tyler, Why People Obey the Law, 2nd edn (Princeton, 2006).

B17. RIGHTS AND UTILITARIANISM R. Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (Oxford, 1974), Part I. H.L.A. Hart, Essays on Bentham (Oxford, 1982) . * H.L.A. Hart, Between Utility and Rights in A. Ryan (ed.) The Idea of Freedom (Oxford, 1979). * H.L.A. Hart, Are There Any Natural Rights?; D. Lyons, Utility and Rights; T. M. Scanlon, Rights, Goals, and Fairness; and R. Dworkin, Rights as Trumps, all rpt. in J. Waldron (ed.), Theories of Rights (Oxford, 1984). * R. Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously (London, 1978).

31

* J. Waldron, Rights and Majorities: Rousseau Revisited, and When Justice Replaces Affection, in Waldron, Liberal Rights (Cambridge, 1993). J. Waldron, The Role of Rights in Practical Reasoning: Rights versus Needs, The Journal of Ethics 4 (2000), pp. 115-35. * J. Dunn, Rights and Political Conflict in Dunn, Interpreting Political Responsibility (Cambridge, 1990). S. James, Rights as Enforceable Claims, in A. Kuper (ed.) Global Responsibilities: Who Must Deliver on Human Rights? (London, 2005). STAR * R. Geuss, History and Illusion in Politics (Princeton, 2001), ch.3 Democracy and rights, pp. 110152. A. Pagden, Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europes Imperial Legacy, Political Theory 31: 2 (2003), pp. 171-99. A. Sen, Elements of a Theory of Human Rights, Philosophy & Public Affairs 32:4 (2004), pp. 315-56. * A. Sen and B. Williams, Introduction; T. Scanlon, Contractualism and Utilitarianism; and J. Elster, Sour Grapes: Utilitarianism and the Genesis of Wants, in A. Sen and B. Williams (eds.) Utilitarianism and Beyond (Cambridge, 1982). J. J. C. Smart and B. Williams, Utilitarianism: For and Against (Cambridge, 1973). T. Scanlon, Rights, Goals and Fairness; and B. Williams, Consequentialism and Integrity in S. Scheffler (ed.) Consequentialism and its Critics (Oxford, 1988), esp. articles by Nagel, Sen, Williams, and Schefflers introduction. P. Kelly, Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice: Jeremy Bentham and the Civil Law (Oxford, 1990). * R. Goodin, Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy (Cambridge, 1995). * J. Rawls, Two Concepts of Rules, rpt. in The Collected Papers of John Rawls, ed. S. Freeman (Cambridge, MA, 1999). W. Kymlicka, Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction (Oxford, 1990), ch. 2 Utilitarianism.

B18. CONCEPTS OF LIBERTY * I. Berlin, Two Concepts of Liberty in Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford, 1969), pp. 11872. * C. Taylor, Whats Wrong with Negative Liberty? in A. Ryan (ed.) The Idea of Freedom (Oxford,1979). * G.A. Cohen, The Structure of Proletarian Unfreedom, Philosophy & Public Affairs 12 (1983), pp. 333. 32

J. Feinberg, The Idea of a Free Man in Rights, Justice, and the Bounds of Liberty (Princeton, 1980). * G. MacCallum, Negative and Positive Freedom, Philosophical Review 76 (1967) pp. 31234. * J. Raz, The Morality of Freedom (Oxford, 1986), esp. chapters 10, 14, 15. Q. Skinner, The Idea of Negative Liberty in Philosophy in History, eds. R. Rorty, J.B. Schneewind, and Q.R.D. Skinner (Cambridge, 1984). Q. Skinner, Liberty before Liberalism (Cambridge, 1998). R. Nozick, Coercion, in P. Laslett, W.G. Runciman, and Q. Skinner, eds., Philosophy, Politics and Society 4th Series (Oxford, 1972). R. Flathman, The Philosophy and Politics of Freedom (Chicago & London, 1987), ch.7. R. Geuss, History and Illusion in Politics (Cambridge, 2001), ch.2 Liberalism. * G. A. Cohen, Self-ownership, Freedom and Equality (Cambridge, 1996). S. Olsaretti, Liberty, Desert and the Market: a philosophical study (Cambridge, 2004). M.H. Kramer, The Quality of Freedom (Oxford, 2003), chs. 1-2 (ch. 1: Introduction, pp. 1-13; ch. 2: Fine Distinctions, pp. 14-149). B. Williams, From Freedom to Liberty: The Construction of a Political Value and Conflicts of Liberty and Equality, in his In the Beginning Was the Deed, ed. G. Hawthorn (Princeton, 2005), pp. 7596 and 115127. * E. Nelson, Liberty one concept too many?, Political Theory 33:1 (2005), pp.58-78 [also the response by J. Christman, Saving positive freedom, Political Theory 33 (2005), pp. 79-88.] P. Pettit, A Theory of Freedom: from the psychology to the politics of agency (Oxford, 2001). [Two collections which include a number of the pieces listed above are R. E. Goodin and P. Pettit, eds., Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology (Oxford, 1997); and D. Miller, The Liberty Reader (Edinburgh, 2006). Excerpts are presented in I. Carter, M. H. Kramer, and H. Steiner (eds.) Freedom: A Philosophical Anthology (Malden, MA, 2006).]

B19. PUNISHMENT * H.L.A. Hart, Punishment and Responsibility (Oxford, 1968/88). H.L.A. Hart, Bentham and Beccaria in his Essays on Bentham (Oxford, 1982). T. Honderich, Punishment: The Supposed Justifications (Cambridge, 1984). * N. Walker, Why Punish? (Oxford, 1991). C. L. Ten, Crime, Guilt and Punishment (Oxford, 1987). 33

N. Lacey, State Punishment: Political Principles and Community Values (London, 1988). * P. Strawson, Freedom and Resentment, in Strawson, Studies of the Philosophy of Thought and Action (London, 1968). H. B. Acton (ed.) The Philosophy of Punishment (London, 1969). * J. Feinberg, The Expressive Function of Punishment, in Feinberg, Doing and Deserving: Essays in the Theory of Responsibility (Princeton, 1970). D. S. Allen, The World of Prometheus: Politics and Punishing in Democratic Athens (Princeton, 2000). * M. Foucault, Discipline and Punish (New York, 1977), ch.1. J. Glover, Responsibility, ch.8 (London, 1970). F. Schoeman (ed.) Responsibility, Character and the Emotions (Cambridge, 1987). See Part II, esp. essays by Moore, Burgh, and Dworkin. * J. Braithwaite and P. Pettit, Not Just Deserts: A Republican Theory of Criminal Justice (Oxford, 1990). M. Matravers, Justice and Punishment (Oxford, 2000). B20. DEMOCRACY AND REPRESENTATION C. Schmitt, The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy [see A10, Schmitt]. M. Weber, Suffrage and Democracy in Germany, in Weber, Political Writings (Cambridge, 1994) [see A6, Weber]. * J. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (1942), chapters on democracy. J. Ober and C. Hendrick (eds.), The Birth of Democracy (Princeton 1993). J. Dunn (ed.), Democracy: The Unfinished Journey (Oxford, 1992). H. Pitkin, The Concept of Representation (Berkeley, 1967). B. Manin, The Principles of Representative Government (Cambridge, 1997) * R. Harrison, Democracy (London, 1993). * J. Dunn, Setting the People Free: The Story of Democracy (London, 2005). R. A. Dahl , Democracy and its Critics (New Haven and London, 1989). P. Rosanvallon, Democracy Past and Future (New York, 2008). F. Prochaska, Eminent Victorians on American Democracy: The View from Albion (Oxford, 2011) C. Pateman, Participation and Democratic Theory (Cambridge, 1976).

34

N. Bobbio, Liberalism and Democracy, trs. M. Ryle and K. Soper (London, 1990). J. Cohen, Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy, in A. Hamlin and P. Pettit, eds., The Good Polity (Oxford, 1991) [also in R.E. Goodin & P. Pettit, eds., Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology (Blackwell, 1997)]. S. Holmes, Precommitment and the Paradox of Democracy in Holmes, Passions and Constraint: On the Theory of Liberal Democracy (Chicago, 1995). * J. Waldron, Law and Disagreement (Oxford, 1999). N. Urbinati, Representative Democracy (Chicago, 2008). D. Estlund, Democratic Authority (Princeton, 2007). P. Pettit and C. List, Group Agency: The Possibility, Design, and Status of Corporate Agents (Oxford, 2011). * R. Geuss, History and Illusion in Politics (Princeton, 2001), ch. 3 Democracy and rights, pp. 110-152. * D. Runciman, The Paradox of Political Representation, Journal of Political Philosophy 15 (1) 2007, pp. 93-114. I. Shapiro, The State of Democratic Theory (Princeton, 2006). * M. Brito Vieira and D. Runciman, Representation (Cambridge, Polity, 2008). J. Ober, Democracy and Knowledge: Innovation and Learning in Classical Athens (Princeton, 2008).

B21. FEMINISM * S. Knott and B. Taylor (eds.) Women, Gender and Enlightenment (Palgrave, 2005), esp. K. Soper, Feminism and Enlightenment Legacies, pp.70515. G. Fraisse, Reasons Muse: Sexual Difference and the Birth of Democracy, trans. J.M. Todd (Chicago, 1994). S. M. Okin, Justice, Gender and the Family (New York, 1989). * E. F. Kittay, Human Dependency and Rawlsian Equality, in D.T. Meyers (ed.) Feminists Rethink the Self (Westview, 1997). * C. Mackinnon, Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (Cambridge, MA, 1989). * C. Pateman, The Sexual Contract (Polity, 1988). From D.T. Meyers (ed.) Feminist Social Thought: A Reader (Routledge, 1997), which includes Spelman, Woman: The One and the Many (pp.161179); Calhoun, 35

Separating Lesbian Theory from Feminist Theory (pp.200218); Babbitt, Feminism and Objective Interests: The Role of Transformation Experiences in Rational Deliberation (pp.36984); Ruddick, Maternal Thinking (pp.584603; and Benhabib, The Generalized and the Concrete Other: The Kohlberg-Gilligan Controversy and Moral Theory (pp.736756). B. Hooks, Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (South End, 1994/2nd edn 2000), esp. chs.12. M. Nussbaum, Sex and Social Justice (Oxford, 1999), esp. ch.1, Women and Cultural Universals, pp. 2954; ch.2, The Feminist Critique of Liberalism, pp. 5580; ch. 3, Religion and Womens Human Rights, pp. 81117. * M. Nussbaum, Women and Human Development: the Capabilities Approach (Cambridge, 2000), ch.2, Adaptive Preferences and Womens Options, pp. 111166. * J. Butler, Undoing Gender (Routledge, 2005), chs.1, 2, and 4. R.W. Connell, Masculinities, 2nd edn (Berkeley, 2005). * D. Cornell, At the Heart of Freedom: Feminism, Sex, and Equality (Princeton, 1998), esp. chs.1, 3, 6, 7. D. T. Meyers, Gender in the Mirror: cultural imagery and womens agency (Oxford, 2002), ch.1. D. Bubeck, Feminism in Political Philosophy: Womens Difference, in M. Fricker and J. Hornsby (eds.) The Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 185204. A. Dworkin, Pornography: men possessing women (New York, 1981). * C. Chambers, Sex, Culture, and Justice: the limits of choice (University Park, PA, 2008). C. Mackinnon, Are Women Human? And Other International Dialogues (Cambridge, MA, 2006).

B22. PATRIOTISM, NATIONALISM, POSTCOLONIALISM Lord Acton, Nationality, rpt. as in Essays on Freedom and Power, ed. G. Himmelfarb (London, 1956). F. Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (London, 1965). * T. Todorov, On Human Diversity. Nationalism, Racism and Exoticism in French Thought, trans. C. Porter (Cambridge, MA and London, 1993), Chs. 13. I. Hannaford, Race: The History of an Idea in the West (Baltimore, 1996). A. Margalit and J. Raz, National Self-Determination, Journal of Philosophy 87 (1990), pp. 439-61; rpt. in Raz, Ethics in the Public Domain (Oxford, 1994), pp. 125-45. * D. Miller, On Nationality (Oxford, 1995). Y. Tamir, Liberal Nationalism (Princeton, 1993). 36

* A. Abizadeh, Historical Truth, National Myths and Liberal Democracy: On the Coherence of Liberal Nationalism, The Journal of Political Philosophy, 12.3 (2004), pp. 291-313. I. Hont, The Permanent Crisis of a Divided Mankind: Contemporary Crisis of the Nation State in historical perspective, Political Studies 42 (1994), rept. in Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, MA, 2005), pp. 447-528. M. Canovan, Nationhood and political theory (Cheltenham, 1996). * C. Taylor, Nationalism and Modernity; S. Scheffler, Liberalism, Nationalism, Egalitarianism, both in R. McKim & J. McMahan, eds., The Morality of Nationalism (Oxford, 1997). B. Yack, Popular Sovereignty and Nationalism, Political Theory 29, 4 (2001), pp. 517536. A. Buchanan, Whats So Special About Nations, in J. Couture et.al. (eds.) Rethinking Nationalism (Alberta, 1998), pp.283-309. O. ONeill, Identities, Boundaries and States, in her Bounds of Justice (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 168185. J. Habermas, The Postnational Constellation: political essays, ed. M. Pensky (Cambridge [Polity], 2001). * J.-W. Mller, Constitutional Patriotism (Princeton, 2007). P. Markell, Making Affect Safe for Democracy? On Constitutional Patriotism, Political Theory 28 (2000), pp.38-63. STAR M. Nussbaum et.al. For Love of Country? (Boston, 2002). D. J. Kelly, From Moralism to Modernism: Robert Michels on the History, Theory and Sociology of Patriotism, History of European Ideas, 29 (2003), pp.339-363. T. Shelby, We Who Are Dark: the Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity (Cambridge, MA, 2005).

B23. MULTICULTURALISM, TOLERATION, AND RECOGNITION J. Rawls, Political Liberalism (New York, 1993), Lectures II, III, IV and VI. P. Zagorin, How the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West (Princeton, 2003). R. P. Wolff, B. Moore, Jr., and H. Marcuse, A Critique of Pure Tolerance (Boston, 1969). G. Harrison, Relativism and Tolerance, in Laslett and Fishkin (eds.), Philosophy, Politics & Society, 5th series (Oxford, 1979), pp. 273290. B. Williams, Subjectivism and Toleration, in A. Phillips Griffiths (ed.) A.J. Ayer: Memorial Essays (Cambridge and New York, 1991). 37

* B. Williams, Toleration, a Political or Moral Question? in his In the Beginning Was the Deed, ed. G. Hawthorn (Princeton, 2005), pp. 128138. * D. Heyd (ed.) Toleration: An Elusive Virtue (Princeton, 1996), articles by Williams, Fletcher and Scanlon. J. Raz, Autonomy, Toleration and the Harm Principle in R. Gavison (ed.), Issues in Contemporary Legal Philosophy (Oxford, 1987), pp. 31333. * J. Raz, The Morality of Freedom (Oxford, 1986), chs.56, 1415. R. Dworkin, Why Liberals Should Care About Neutrality, in A Matter of Principle (Cambridge, 1985). * J. Waldron, Legislation and Moral Neutrality in A. Reeve and R. Goodin (eds.), Liberal Neutrality (London, 1989). * J. Dunn, The Claim to Freedom of Conscience: Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Thought, Freedom of Worship? in Dunn, The History of Political Theory and Other Essays (Cambridge, 1996). C. Larmore, Patterns of Moral Complexity (Cambridge, 1987). S. Mendus (ed.), Justifying Toleration: Conceptual and Historical Perspectives (Cambridge, 1988). S. Mendus, Toleration and the Limits of Liberalism (Palgrave, 1989). J. Carens, Culture, Citizenship and Community (Oxford, 2000). * B. Barry, Culture and Equality: An Egalitarian Critique of Multiculturalism (Polity, 2000). A. S. Tuckness, Locke and the Legislative Point of View: toleration, contested principles, and the law (Princeton, 2002), Part I = pp. 1114. A. E. Galeotti, Toleration as Recognition (Cambridge, 2002). * J. Tully, Strange multiplicity: constitutionalism in an age of diversity (Cambridge, 1995). * W. Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship (Oxford, 1995). R. Tuck, Rights and Pluralism, in J. Tully (ed) Philosophy in an Age of Pluralism: The Philosophy of Charles Taylor in Question (Cambridge, 1994). * I. M. Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (Princeton, 1990). * C. Taylor and A. Gutmann, eds., Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition (Princeton, 1992), esp. essay by Taylor, The Politics of Recognition. * A. Honneth, The Struggle for Recognition: the moral grammar of social conflicts (Cambridge [Polity], 1995). J. Raz, Multiculturalism: a Liberal Perspective, in his Ethics in the Public Domain (Oxford, 1995), chs. 5-6.

38

M. Nussbaum, Sex and Social Justice (Oxford, 1999). A. Shachar, Multicultural Jurisdictions: Cultural Differences and Womens Rights (Cambridge, 2001). R. Forst, Contexts of Justice: political philosophy beyond liberalism and communitarianism, trans. J. M. M. Farrell (Berkeley, 2002).

B24. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WAR * M. Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars (London, 1978). R. Holmes, On War and Morality (Princeton 1989). S. Hoffman, Duties Beyond Borders (Syracuse, N.Y., 1981). * J.T. Johnson, Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War: a moral and historical inquiry (Princeton, 1981). J.T. Johnson, Can Modern War Be Just? (Yale, 1984). * John Dunn, The Dilemma of Humanitarian Intervention: The Executive Power of the Law of Nature, After God, Government and Opposition 29, 2 (Spring 1994) 24861. Michael Doyle, Liberalism and International Relations in R. Beiner and W.J. Booth (eds.) Kant and Political Philosophy (New Haven and London,1993). B. Barry, Can States Be Moral? in A. Ellis (ed) Ethics and International Relations (Machester, 1986). * R. Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant (Oxford, 1999). * J. Rawls, The Law of Peoples (Harvard, 1999). T. Pogge, An egalitarian law of peoples, Philosophy & Public Affairs 23:3 (1994), pp. 195224. * P. Bobbitt, The Shield of Achilles (Penguin 2002), Book II. N. Rengger, On the Just War Tradition in the Twenty-First Century, International Affairs 78:2 (2002), pp. 353-63. J. B. Elshtain, Just War Against Terror: Ethics and the Burden of American Power in a Violent World (New York, 2003). Also response by N. Rengger, Just a War Against Terror? Jean Bethke Elshtain's Burden and American Power, International Affairs 80:1 (2004): pp. 107-116. N. Wheeler, Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society (Oxford, 2000). M. Walzer, The Politics of Rescue, Dissent, Winter 1995, pp. 35-40, rept. In his Arguing about War (New Haven, 2004), ch. 5.

39

M. Walzer, The Argument about Humanitarian Intervention, Dissent Winter 2002, pp. 29-37; available at http://them.polylog.org/5/awm-en.htm

B25. EQUALITY, NEEDS AND WELFARE * A. Sen, Equality of What?, Tanner Lectures vol. I (Cambridge, 1980). * B. Williams, The Idea of Equality, in In the Beginning Was the Deed, ed. G. Hawthorn (Princeton, 2005), pp.97114. R.E. Goodin & P. Pettit, eds., Contemporary Political Theory: An Anthology (Blackwell, 1997). This edition reprints the Sen and Williams articles, above; see also in this collection: M. Walzer, Complex Equality, and M. Minow, Justice Engendered. L. Pojman and R. Westmoreland (eds.) Equality: Selected Readings (Oxford, 1997). This volume reprints the Williams article, above; see also in this collection Babeuf and Marechal, The Manifesto of Equality; Nozick, Justice Does Not Imply Equality and Life is Not a Race; Lucas, Against Equality, and Frankfurt, Equality as a Moral Ideal. T. Nagel, Equality and Partiality (Oxford, 1991). M. Walzer, Spheres of Justice (New York, 1983). * R. Dworkin, What is Equality? Parts I & II, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 10, 34 (1981) pp. 185246, 283345. * R. Dworkin, Sovereign Virtue: The Theory and Practice of Equality (Harvard, 2000). R. H. Tawney, Equality (4th. ed., 1952; or London, 1994, ed. D. Reisman). * J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA, 1971), chs. 2, 3, 5, 9. * R. Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (Oxford, 1984), ch. 7. * G.A. Cohen, Self-Ownership, World-Ownership and Equality, in F. Lucash (ed.) Justice and Equality Here and Now (Ithaca, 1986). A. Mason, Ideals of Equality (Oxford, 1998). M. Clayton and A. Williams, The Ideal of Equality (London, 2002). G.A. Cohen, If Youre An Egalitarian, How Come Youre So Rich? (Cambridge, MA, 2001). G. A. Cohen, On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice (Princeton, 2011). * E.S. Anderson, Whats the Point of Equality?, Ethics, 109 (1999), 287337; see also E.Anderson, R. Arneson, T. Christiano and D. Sobel, Symposium on Whats the Point of Equality?, BEARS: http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Philosophy/bears/symp-anderson.html. * D. Parfit, Equality and priority', Ratio, vol. 10, no. 3 (December, 1997), pp. 202-221.

40

* M. ONeill, What Should Egalitarians Believe?, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 36:2 (2008), pp. 119156. * J. Wolff and A. de-Shalit, Disadvantage (Oxford, 2007). D. Miller, Principles of Social Justice (Harvard, 1999) A. Sen and M .Nussbaum (eds.) The Quality of Life (1993), articles by Cohen, Sen and Scanlon. N. Fraser, Talking about Needs: Interpretive Contests as Political Conflicts in Welfare- State Societies, Ethics 99 (1989), pp. 291313. S. Holmes, Passions and Constraint: On The Theory of Liberal Democracy (Chicago, 1995), ch. 8: Welfare and the liberal conscience. C. Pateman, The Patriarchal Welfare State, in Pateman, The Disorder of Women: Feminism, Democracy and Political Theory (Cambridge, 1989). T. Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class, 2nd edn (London, 1994). G. Brock (ed.) Necessary Goods (London, 1998). D. Braybrook, Meeting Needs (Princeton, 1992). M. Nussbaum, Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach (Cambridge, 2000), intro. and chs.12. * L. Hamilton, The Political Philosophy of Needs (Cambridge, 2003). R. Kraut, What is Good and Why: the Ethics of Well-Being (Cambridge, MA, 2007).

B26. PROPERTY AND MARKETS R. Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia (Oxford, 1984), chs. 13, 78. A. Ryan, Property and Political Theory (Oxford, 1984). J. Tully, The Framework of Natural Rights in Lockes Analysis of Property in his An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts (Cambridge, 1993). * J. Waldron, The Right to Private Property (Oxford, 1988) H. Steiner, Slavery, Socialism, and Private Property, in J. Chapman and R. Pennock (eds.), Property, Nomos, XXII (1980), pp. 24465. C.R. Sunstein, Disrupting Voluntary Transactions, in Markets and Justice, ed. by J. W. Chapman and J. R. Pennock (New York, 1989), pp. 279-302. J. Dunn, Property, Justice and Common Good after Socialism, in The History of Political Theory and Other Essays (Cambridge, 1996). 41

J. Christman, The Myth of Property (Oxford, 1994). * P. Garnsey, Thinking about Property: from antiquity to the age of revolution (Cambridge, 2007). F.A. Hayek, Competition as a Discovery Procedure, in P. Pettit, ed., Contemporary Political Theory (Macmillan, 1991). * F.A. Hayek, Economics and Knowledge [delivered 1936; published 1937], and The Use of Knowledge in Society [1945], in Hayek, Individualism and Economic Order (Chicago, 1980 ). K. Polanyi, The Great Transformation (London, 1944). O. Hintze, Economics and Politics in the Age of Capitalism, in The Historical Essays of Otto Hintze, ed. F. Gilbert (New York, 1975), pp. 42252. * A. Hirschman, Rival Views of Market Society, in Rival Views of Market Society and Other Recent Essays (1986), pp. 10541. * J. Dunn, The Economic Limits to Modern Politics, in Dunn (ed.), The Economic Limits to Modern Politics (Cambridge, 1990), pp. 1540.) J.M. Keynes, The End of Laissez Faire, Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Can Lloyd George Do It? The Means to Prosperity, all in his Essays in Persuasion, rpt. in Collected Works of J.M. Keynes, vol.9. J. Elster, The Market and the Forum, in P.Pettit, ed., Contemporary Political Theory (Macmillan, 1991). M. Otsuka, Libertarianism without Inequality (Oxford, 2003). * S. Olsaretti, Liberty, Desert and the Market: a philosophical study (Cambridge, 2004) * I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade: International Competition and the Nation-State in Historical Perspective (Cambridge/Mass., 2005), Introduction, pp.1156

B27. GLOBAL JUSTICE * B. Barry, Humanity and Justice in Global Perspective, in Ethics, Economics and the Law, Nomos vol.24, eds. J.R. Pennock and J.W. Chapman (New York, 1982), pp. 219-52. B. Barry, Statism and Nationalism: A Cosmopolitan Critique, in I. Shapiro and L. Brilmayer (eds) Global Justice (New York, 1999). M. Blake, Distributive Justice, State Coercion, and Autonomy, Philosophy & Public Affairs 30 (2001), pp.257-96. * S. Caney, Justice Beyond Borders (Oxford, 2005); see also his Review Article: International Distributive Justice, Political Studies 49 (2002), pp. 974-97; and David Millers critique with Caneys reply, Political Studies 50 (2002). 42

A. James, Constructing Justice for Existing Practice: Rawls and the Status Quo, Philosophy & Public Affairs 33 (2005), pp. 281-316. * T. Nagel, The Problem of Global Justice, Philosophy & Public Affairs 33 (2005), pp. 113-47. M. Nussbaum, Frontiers of Justice (Cambridge, MA, 2006). T. Pogge, Realizing Rawls (Ithaca, NY, 1989), Part III. * T. Pogge, World Poverty and Human Rights (Cambridge [Polity], 2002), esp. chs. 4, 5, 7, 8. J. Rawls, The Law of Peoples (Cambridge, MA, 1999). M. Risse, How Do We Harm the Global Poor? Philosophy & Public Affairs 33 (2005), pp. 349-76. * A. Sangiovanni, Global Justice, Reciprocity, and the State, Philosophy & Public Affairs 35 (2007), 239. S. Scheffler, Conceptions of Cosmopolitanism, Philosophy & Public Affairs 26 (1993), pp. 189-209; rpt. in his Boundaries and Allegiances (Oxford, 2001), pp. 111-30. * P. Singer, Famine, Affluence, and Morality, Philosophy & Public Affairs 1 (1972), pp. 229-44. K. Tan, Justice without Borders (Cambridge, 2004). * J. Waldron, What is Cosmopolitan?, Journal of Political Philosophy 8 (2000), pp. 227-43. L. Wenar, Why Rawls is not a Cosmopolitan Egalitarian, in R. Martin and D.A. Reidy (eds), Rawls Law of Peoples: A Realistic Utopia (Oxford [Blackwell], 2006) [ch.6]. D. Butt, Rectifying International Injustice: Principles of Compensation and Restitution between Nations (Oxford, 2008).

B28. ECOLOGY AND THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY A. Dobson, Green Political Thought, 4th edn (London, 2007). * A. Dobson and R. Eckersley (eds), Political Theory and the Ecological Challenge (Cambridge, 2006), esp. chs. by T. Ball, Democracy, pp. 131-47, and J.P. Sterba, Justice, pp. 148-64. A. Light and A. de-Shalit (eds), Moral and Political Reasoning in Environmental Practice (Cambridge, MA [MIT], 2003). B. Barry, Sustainability and intergenerational justice, in A. Dobson (ed.), Fairness and Futurity: Essays on Environmental Sustainability and Social Justice (Oxford, 1999). M. Bookchin, Ecology of freedom (Palo Alto, 1982). * A. Naess, Ecology, Community and Lifestyle (Cambridge, 1989). V. Plumwood, Feminism and the Mastery of Nature (London, 1993). 43

J. Dryzek, The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses (Oxford, 1997). P. Singer, One Atmosphere, in his One World (New Haven, 2002). R. Goodin, International Ethics and the Environmental Crisis, in Ethics and International Affairs, pp. 435-54. B. Barry, The Ethics of Resource Depletion, in his Liberty and Justice (Oxford, 1991), pp. 259-73. * B. Barry, Justice between Generations, in P. Hacker and J. Raz (eds) Law, Morality and Society (Oxford, 1977), pp.268-84. D. Parfit, Overpopulation and the Quality of Life, in P. Singer (ed.) Applied Ethics (Oxford, 1986), pp. 145-65. J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Oxford, 1999), secs. 22, 44, 45. * S. Caney, Cosmopolitan Justice, Responsibility and Global Climate Change, Leiden Journal of International Law 18 (2005), pp.747-75. * T. Hayward, Political Theory and Ecological Values (Cambridge [Polity], 1998). S. Vanderheiven, Atmospheric Justice: A Political Theory of Climate Change (Oxford, 2008). S. Vanderheiven (ed.) Political Theory and Climate Change (Cambridge, MA [MIT], 2008).

B29. POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY AND THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT * R.G. Collingwood, An Autobiography (London, 1939). * P. Laslett, Introduction to John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, ed. Laslett (Cambridge, 1960). * J.G.A. Pocock, The History of Political Thought: A Methodological Enquiry, in P. Laslett and W.G. Runciman (eds) Philosophy, Politics and Society, 2nd series (Oxford, 1962), pp. 183-202. * J. M. Dunn, The Identity of the History of Ideas, Philosophy 43 (1968), pp. 85-104; rpt. in P. Laslett et.al. (eds), Philosophy, Politics and Society, 4th series (Oxford, 1972), pp. 158-73. * Q.R.D. Skinner, Meaning and understanding in the History of Ideas, History and Theory 8 (1969), pp. 3-53 (see also Visions of Politics, vol.1). J. G.A. Pocock, Introduction: the state of the art, in his Virtue, Commerce and History (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 1-36. J.G.A. Pocock, The concept of a language and the mtier dhistorien: some considerations on practice, in A. Pagden (ed.), The Languages of Political 44

Theory in Early-Modern Europe (Cambridge, 1987), pp. 19-40. J.G.A. Pocock, Present at the Creation: With Laslett to the Lost Worlds, International Journal of Public Affairs 2 (2006), pp. 7-17. * J.G.A. Pocock, Languages and their implications: the transformation of the study of political thought, in his Politics, Language and Time (London, 1960), pp. 3-41. J.G.A. Pocock, Quentin Skinner. The History of Politics and the Politics of History, Common Knowledge 10 (2004), pp. 532-550. D. LaCapra, Rethinking Intellectual History and Reading Texts, in D. LaCapra and S. Kaplan (eds) Modern European Intellectual History (Ithaca, 1982), pp. 47-85. D. R. Kelley, The Descent of Ideas: The History of Intellectual History (Aldershot, 2002). M. Richter, Begriffsgeschichte and the History of Ideas, Journal of the History of Ideas, 1987, 48:2 (1987), pp. 247-263 * M. Richter, Reconstructing the History of Political Languages: Pocock, Skinner and Begriffsgeschichte, Political Theory 29 (1990), pp. 38-70. R. Rorty et al., Philosophy in History (Cambridge, 1984), esp. articles by Taylor, Rorty and Skinner. * J. Tully (ed.) Meaning and Context: Quentin Skinner and his critics (Cambridge [Polity], 1988). * R. Tuck, History of Political Thought, in P. Burke (ed.) New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge [Polity], 1991), pp. 193-205. * R. Tuck, The contribution of history, in R. Goodin and P. Pettit (eds), A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy (Oxford [Blackwell], 1993), pp. 72-89. * J. Dunn, What is living and what is dead in the political theory of John Locke?, in his Interpreting Political Responsibility (Princeton, 1990), pp. 9-25. D.R. Kelley, What is happening to the history of ideas?, Journal of the History of Ideas 51 (1990), pp. 3-25. A. Bloom, The Study of Texts, in M. Richter (ed.) Political Theory and Political Education (Princeton, 1980), pp. 113-138. G. Schochet, Why should history matter? Political theory and the history of discourse, in J.G.A. Pocock et.al. (eds), The Varieties of British Political Thought 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1994), pp. 32157. * Q. Skinner, Visions of Politics, esp. vol.1, Regarding Method (Cambridge, 2002) [also available as an e-book]: esp. Moral Principles and Social Change, pp. 145-57; The Idea of a Cultural Lexicon, pp. 158-74. A. S. Brett and J. Tully, with H. Hamilton-Bleakley (eds), Rethinking the Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006).

45

* A. S. Brett, What is Intellectual History Now, in D. Cannadine (ed.) What is History Now? (Basingstoke, 2002), pp. 113-32. J. Tully, Public Philosophy in a New Key, 2 vols (Cambridge, 2009).

46