Australian Institute of Music

Style Guide
2012

AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF MUSIC

2012 Australian Institute of Music

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Australian Institute of Music 1-51 Foveaux Street Sydney NSW 2000 Australia All Rights Reserved. 3rd ed. May 2012
Prepared by David Cashman, Academic Studies Department

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Introduction
This document will demonstrate how to present your assignments that you submit to the Australian Institute of Music. All assignments submitted to AIM must comply with these standards. There is not a single assignment that can be submitted to AIM that does not utilise these standards. An assignment that does not do so is subject to the penalties outlined in the AIM Student Handbook. An assignment that does not follow these standards of presentation and citation may lose marks. In extreme cases of disregard of citation requirements, assessments may even be considered plagiarism.

Why is this important?

When you leave AIM to work in the professional world there will be professional standards you are expected to follow. Conforming to a standard style guide for submitted work is part of training for professional life after AIM and will set you in good stead for presenting written work of all kinds in your career. There is also an important benefit for teaching staff: having a standard style makes assignments much easier to read. A high degree of legibility ensures there is a fast turnaround in getting marks back to you. Whilst creative flair is encouraged at AIM, applying it to font and layout styles can genuinely slow down the marking process.

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Layout/Format
Guidelines for Hard Copy Submission
Paper Orientation Margins Font Referencing Line Spacing Paragraph Spacing A4 white. Single sided only Portrait only. 2.5cm on all sides. Times New Roman, Arial, Cambria or Calibri only. 12 point Handwritten assignments are not acceptable. Must be in Harvard (AIM) Style (See page 6) 1 spacing.
In Word, this is done using the Paragraph Format function. Click on the Paragraph box, and set line spacing to 1.5.

Cover page

Backup

Identification

Bibliography

One carriage return between paragraphs All assignments must have a cover page containing Your name Your student number Your unit name Your lecturers name The title and number of assignment. Check your EUO (Extended Unit Outline for this information) Date due. This is in addition to the official AIM cover sheet. Students must keep a computer and/or hard backup copy of all assignments. At the top right-hand corner of all pages, the assignment must include: Your name Your student number The page number in the format Page x of y. At the end of the assignment, you must include a bibliography entitled Bibliography.
Note the difference between a bibliography and a citation list.

Musical Examples

Unless otherwise specified in the EUO, all musical examples must be typeset using a musical notation program (eg Musescore, Finale or Sibelius). If you are permitted to use a published score you must cite this correctly (including publisher and date of publication). If you are using a catalogued work, you must use the catalogue number correctly, eg. K.317,

BWV232 or H1/101. If using Opus numbers, use Op.19/2 for Chopins Nocturne Opus 19, number 2.
Musescore is available free of charge from http://www.musescore.org

Accompanying CDs

Dictionary

Accompanying CDs must comply with the following standards: Audio CDs must be presented according to the Red Book standard. Most computers burn this by default. All CDs must be readable. Corrupted or badly burned CDs will result in a your being required to resubmit the assignment. Late penalties may be imposed CDs must be clearly labeled with the students name, the students number, the assignment number and name, the unit number and name and the lecturers name CDs must be presented in a clear plastic sleeve. Do not attach jewel cases directly to paper with sticky-tape. All audio tracks used in CDs presented as part of AIM assessments must be obtained legally. The dictionary used at AIM is the fifth edition of the Macquarie Dictionary, a copy of which is held in the library. All spelling should be as in the Macquarie Dictionary

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Guidelines for Soft Copy (pdf) Submission

In some cases, assignment submission by pdf may be permitted. In this case, the submission process will be clearly outlined in the EUO. All relevant hard copy layout protocols (such as paper size, font, spacing, cover pages etc.) should be observed in this case. Unless otherwise specified in the EUO, the filename should be in the form UnitCode YearTimester AssignmentNumber Surname Student Number e.g. G1MM2 12T2 Assign1 SMITH 123123.pdf"

Guidelines for Data Submission (Production Projects)

In addition to the standard AIM style guide requirements, many production units have specific delivery requirements that are detailed in their EUO. It is the students responsibility to meet these specific requirements, including the readability of any files submitted. If files are unreadable, a late penalty may be applied.

Layout
Figure 1 below shows the correct layout for a page of an assignment.
Student details at top of each page

Correct citation 1 spacing

2.5 cm margin

Carriage return between paragraphs Font Cambria 12 point Figure 1 - Correct Layout of an Assignment Page

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The Harvard (AIM) Style

AIMs approved style for citation is the Harvard (AIM) Style. It is most important to acknowledge your sources by citing them accurately within your work, and listing them in the bibliography at the end of your document. Having an agreed standard for citing these references makes it much clearer for the reader and enables others to follow-up on your reading. Citation is an important academic convention. In your submissions to AIM, you must use it because: it ensures that you are not open to accusations of plagiarism. Plagiarism is the appropriation or imitation of another's ideas and manner of expressing them, as in art, literature, etc., to be passed off as one's own. (Macquarie Dictionary Online 2009). Plagiarism is a serious offence at AIM and can lead to various penalties as outlined in the AIM Student Handbook. it shows the reader the extent to which you know the literature that is considered acceptable and current in the field of study. it helps you to take a position, demonstrate the validity or credibility of your position and introduce alternative viewpoints. it identifies the source of your material for your readers, which enables them to physically locate it if desired. Ensure that you do not use an endnote or footnote system, such as Chicago or MLA style. While these are excellent styles, they are not what we use at AIM

There are two parts to using Harvard (AIM) Style.

The Citation, which is contained in the text. It is actually called an in-text citation. This gives basic information on the source for your information. The Bibliography, which is placed at the end of your document under a heading called Bibliography. This lists detailed information on what books youve used to write your essay.

Both of these are essential. To leave out the bibliography, but include the citations means your marker doesnt know who your sources are. To include the bibliography but not citations is straight plagiarism. To leave both out is to invite a failing grade.

Zotero
Before we get started on the mechanics of creating citations and a bibliography, we should consider Zotero. Zotero is an open-source bibliographic tool which will assist you in the layout of your citations and bibliographies. If you are searching Google Scholar for sources, or you are looking up journal articles on JSTOR, you can import these references into Zotero by clicking the small icon that appears in the address bar of your browser (see Figure 2). When you are writing your assignment, you may insert a citation into your Word or Libreoffice document (including the page number). At the end of your document, you

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insert a bibliography, and all the documents you have referenced will be inserted and correctly referenced1. Zotero is a free download from www.zotero.org (though you can pay for more storage space on their website should you wish). It works within the Firefox or Chrome browsers and as a standalone program with other browsers. AIM does not insist upon, but encourages its use. It will make citation easier for undergraduate and graduate students. A great deal of documentation is available on the Zotero website.

Figure 2 - Google Scholar and Zotero. Click on the folder icon to import items into Zotero.

Quoting
If you are quoting the text from a normal source (book, article etc), there are two rules. If the quotation is under four lines in length, quote in-text with quotation marks. As a solo artist, Diana Ross is one of the most successful female singers of the rock era. As Ruhlmann notes If you factor in her work as the lead singer of the Supremes in the 1960s, she may be the most successful (Ruhlmann 2009, 32) Motown initially paired her with writer/producers Nicholas Ashford and Valarie Simpson

Ensure you use Zoteros Harvard Reference format 1 (Author-Date) to comply with AIM Style.

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If the quotation is over four lines in length, place in ten point, indent from the rest of your text, and place in single spacing. As a solo artist, Diana Ross is one of the most successful female singers of the rock era. As Ruhlmann says
If you factor in her work as the lead singer of the Supremes in the 1960s, she may be the most successful. With her friends Mary Wilson, Florence Ballard, and Barbar Martin, Ross formed the Primettes vocal quartet in 1959. In 1960, they were signed to local Motown Records, changing their name to the Supremes (renamed Diana Ross and the Supremes in 1967 when Cindy Birdsong replaced Ballard) and scored twelve number one pop hits. (Ruhlmann 2009, 32)

Motown initially paired her with writer/producers Nicholas Ashford and Valarie Simpson You may choose to italicise the quote if you wish. There are a few special cases you may come across that vary this method. Quoting From a Script For a short quote from a film, from a single character, use quotation marks. In Lantana, a series of marital crises provoke the films turning points. Im still in love with my wife, Jane Leon confesses, leaving Jane devastated. (Lantana Scene 46.) If you are quoting a longer passage of dialogue, set it out as it would appear in a film script, with the characters names ABOVE their lines: LEON Im still in love with my wife, Jane. Jane withdraws her hand. Im sorry. JANE Thenwhy have you been seeing me? LEON I dont know. Its not something I planned. (Lantana Scene 46.)

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Figures
Supporting graphics (such as musical notation, photos or diagrams) should be labeled below the graphic as Figure x with an explanatory synopsis. Numbering should be sequential. They should be centred on the page with no word wrap (see Figure 1 on page 5). Tables should follow the same protocol, but with their own sequential numbering, and be labeled above the table.

Footnotes
While footnotes are not used for citation in Harvard (AIM) Style, they may be used to provide additional information. Footnotes should be implemented numerically and sequentially.

Citation
A citation tells your lecturer from where you got this particular information. If, for example, you claim that Creams first album went to number 1, we need to know that you are not just pulling that information out of the air. Who said it? Why do they have the authority to claim that? Therefore, you must cite whenever you use information that is not your own. This can include: Data (for example, data on record sales). A direct quote (using someone elses words exactly). Paraphrasing (using someone elses idea, but recasting it in your own words). A picture. A diagram. Anything else that you have used to support your argument.

The Harvard (AIM) Style requires that you include a citation at the point where you are using the information. You do this by including the authors name, year of publication and page number in brackets after the data. Note that the full stop goes after the citation.
The Yardbirds gained a large following in London after they took over the Rolling Stones residency at Richmonds Crawdaddy Club (Garofalo 2008, p.55).

You include nothing else apart from the authors name, year and page number. The order must be as above, ie the surname of the author, a space, the year of publication, a comma, a space, p followed by a full stop and another space and the page number. The entire citation must be enclosed in rounded brackets. A single page is abbreviated to p. and more than two or more pages are abbreviated to pp.. Web documents Increasingly, as students cite websites, the problem of citing a website that has no single author or page number is becoming increasingly prevalent. This can be approached in a few ways.

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Look for the copyright information that can sometimes be found at the bottom of the page Look in the page source for the website (accessed in your browser by View/Page Source) Cite the organization who put the website together

Do not simply include the url of the website as a citation, for example Berry Gordy had shown that a black man could own and operate his own record company (http://history-of-rock.com/ motown_records.htm)

Dates can be hard to find on some web documents. Check the page source or look for copyright information. If you are sure that there is no date, write (n.d.) in place of the date. Page numbers are not usually consistent in web documents. Instead of page numbers, use paragraph numbers or section numbers eg (Smith 2008, para 3) or (Smith 2008, section 1.3) Manners of Citation There are several ways you may cite depending on how you have worded your source information. The rule is: if you have used the authors name in your own text, you dont need to repeat it in the citation.
Table 1 - Method of Citation

Citing works from which youve got general information.

Garofalo talks of the early days of the Yardbirds in her book Rocking Out (2008). As Garofalo asserts, the Yardbirds gained a large following in London after they took over the Rolling Stones residency at Richmonds Crawdaddy Club (2008, p.55) The Yardbirds gained a large following in London after they took over the Rolling Stones residency at Richmonds Crawdaddy Club (Garofalo 2008, p.55) Garofalo says the Yardbirds gained a large following in London after they took over the Roling Stones residency at Richmonds Crawdaddy Club (2008, p.55) The Yardbirds gained a large following in London after they took over the Rolling Stones residency at Richmonds Crawdaddy Club (Garofalo 2008, p.55) It was at this time Clapton fell in love with the guitar. He said the sound of an amplified guitar in a room full of people was so hypnotic and addictive to me, that I could cross any kind of border to get on there. (Clapton qtd Garofalo 2009, p.55)

Paraphrasing

Direct Quotation

A quotation in a source

Special Rules In a play, cite by scene number (eg. Scene 17). In a classic text (eg. Shakespeare) cite according to the following format: Act V: Scene V: ll 16 -23. In a movie, cite by timecode (eg. 00:43:21).

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In a modern piece of music, cite by songwriter, work and bars eg. Joel, B., Uptown Girl, bb.15-19. In a classical work, cite by composer, work (Movement), catalogue number and bars eg. Mozart, W.A., Coronation Mass, II Gloria, K317, bb.49-55. If a classical work uses opus numbers rather than a catalogue number, cite by this eg. Chopin, F. Nocturne, Op 9/2, bb.21-25.

Bibliography
Bibliographies list all the sources you have used to write the assignment whether or not you have cited them in your assignment. It shows your lecturer what you have read, and allows them to assess whether you have been successful in determining what is useful and what is not. Bibliographies are: ordered alphabetically by the surname of the author. not sectioned (everything is in one list, not a list for the websites, another for books, another for journal articles etc.). not bullet pointed. They are just a list.

A standard bibliographic reference for a book in Harvard (AIM) Style will look like this:
Garafalo, J., 2008. Rockin Out: Popular Music in the USA. Upper Saddle River: Pearson.

Because standard Harvard style has no central body to co-ordinate it (unlike, say, MLA style) you will see a huge range of Harvard styles on the internet. Some capitalize the authors name. Some have brackets around the date. Some do not underline the title of the book. The reason the Australian Institute of Music has developed the Harvard (AIM) style is to clarify your formats for submission to AIM. If you use a bibliographic tool like Endnote, or a website that says Click here to cite, you may find it differs from the Harvard (AIM) style. You will need to edit your bibliographies so they conform to AIM standards. In some cases, the location of the publisher may not be clear. Upper Saddle River, for example, the location of Pearson is not well known, so the standard abbreviation is Upper Saddle River, N.J. (for New Jersey). There are Oxfords in the United States and Britain, so if a book is published in the British one, you may abbreviate as Oxford, U.K.

How to Format your Bibliography

There are a few basic rules to follow in creating a bibliography. You must include all information listed below. Not as much as a full-stop or a space may be changed. Capitalisation is maximal at AIM. That means everything except participles should be capitalised. The citation tells the author what book to look for in the bibliography.

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The three most common citations you will use are those for books, journal articles or websites. How to Reference a Book in your Bibliography A book is the easiest to cite. You need to include the author, the year of publication, the name of the book, the publisher and the location of publication. Year of Author of publication the book

Title of the book

Reising, R., 2005. Speak to Me: The Legacy of Pink Floyds The Dark Side of the Moon. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing .
Where the publisher is located Publisher of the book

How to Reference a Journal Article in your Bibliography A journal article citation is slightly more involved, but still straightforward. You need to include the author, the year of publication, the article title, the journal title, the volume and issue of the journal (available at the front of the journal), and the pages of the journal which include the article. Author of
Year of the article publication Title of the article Title of the journal.

Haus, G., 2004. A Score Driven Approach to Music Information Retrieval. Journal of the American
Society for Information Society and Technology. 55(12). pp.12-16.
Volume and number of the journal. Page in which the article is contained

The largest source of journal articles available at AIM is on the online J-STOR catalogue, available from the librarys website. You should cite them as journal articles rather than websites. How to Reference a Website in your Bibliography A website can be trickier to cite, as vital information is sometimes unlisted. (It is for this reasons that your lecturer may dissuade you from relying too heavily on websites.) Still, there are some useful websites out there, and you do need to know how to reference them. You will need the author of the article/website, the year of publication (look for the copyright date), the title of the website (as shown in the status barthe topmost bar of your browser), the url and the date you accessed the website.

Year of Title of the The name The url of Author of the article publication article of the website the website Ruhlmann, W., 2009. Diana Ross. Allmusic. Available from: http://www.allmusic.com. [Accessed 16

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December 2009].
Date of accession

How to Reference a Film in your Bibliography A film is referenced by the directors name. Also included is the year of release, the title of the film and the distributor. Director Film Title Lawrence, R., 2001. Lantana, Palace Films.
Year of Release Distributor

Plays are referenced in the same way as other published documents. Different References Not all references are as easy. Below are various methods of citing some of the documents you may come across. Type of reference
A book with one author A book with two authors A book with three authors A book with four authors No listed author An edited book A section of a book A section of an edited book A journal article

Zotero Reference Example Type

Book Book Book Book Book Book2 Book Section Schuller, G., 1989. The Swing Era: The Development of Jazz, 19301945, New York: Oxford University Press. Pine, B.J. & Gilmore, J.H., 2011. The Experience Economy, Boston: Harvard Business Review Press. Burkholder, J.P., Grout, D.J. & Palisca, C.V., 2009. A History of Western Music 8th ed., New York: Norton. Dalgarno, B., et al., 2011. An Australian and New Zealand scoping study on the use of 3D immersive virtual worlds in higher education. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(1), pp.115. Anon., 1913. Marine Review, New York, Penton Publishing Company Reising, R (ed.) 2005. Speak to Me: the Legacy of Pink Floyds The Dark Side of the Moon. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing. Mendelsohn, D., 2009. Double Take. In How Beautiful It Is and How Easily It Can Be Broken: Essays. Sydney: Harper Collins, pp.358368. Covach, J., 2005. Form in Rock Music: A Primer. In D. J. Stein, ed. Engaging Music: Essays in Music Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 6576. Alperson, P., 1991. What Should One Expect from a Philosophy of Music Education? Journal of Aesthetic Education, 25(3), pp.215242.

Book Section2 Journal Article

For these citations, you need to enter an editor as well as an author in Zotero.

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Type of reference
A conference paper in a published proceedings3 A newspaper article with a known author A newspaper article with no known author A movie Released Audio Recording Thesis A document on the World Wide Web Document on WWW (no date) Document on WWW (no author) A post on a Blog

Zotero Reference Example Type

Conference Paper Cashman, D., 2011. Tahitian Choreo-Musical Performance on Cruise Ships: Staged Authenticity and Postmodern Tourism. In K. Barney, ed. Proceedings of 7th International Small Island Cultures Conference. 7th International Small Island Cultures Conference. Airlie Beach, Queensland: Small Island Cultural Research Institute, pp.2027. Considine, A., 2005. A Little Traveling Music: Songs That Can Transport You. New York Times, 11 September, p.D9. New York Times, 1912. Sinking Ships Band Chose Fitting Hymn, 21 April, p.4. Baker, R.W., 1958. A Night to Remember, The Rank Organisation. Davis, M., 1959. Kind of Blue, New York: Columbia. Servadei, A., 1996. A Critical Edition and Exploration of Percy Graingers The Warriors - Music to an Imaginary Ballet. Master of Music. Melbourne: University of Melbourne. Taylor, D.J., 2011. George Shearing. British Modern Jazz. Available at: http://vzone.virgin.net/davidh.taylor/shearing.htm. [Accessed April 16, 2012]. Europe Jazz Nework, n.d. Ornette Coleman. EuropeJazz. Available at: http://www.europejazz.net/mus/coleman.htm. [Accessed January 12, 2012]. Behaviour modification 2007, Available at: http://www.educational.org.uk/behaviour.html. Accessed 31 August 2011]. Brggen, F., 2012. Frans Brggen on Gustav Leonhardt. Semibrevity. Available at: http://www.semibrevity.com/2012/04/fransbruggen-on-gustav-leonhardt/. [Accessed April 16, 2012].

Newspaper Article Newspaper Article4 Film5 Audio Recording Thesis Web Page Web Page Web Page Blog

Capitalisation in titles should be maximal. This means the following are capitalized: the first word, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs and subordinate conjunctions. However, articles, propositions and coordinating conjunctions are not capitalised. Thus, you may get a title like An Ethnographic Study of Music Information Seeking: Implications for the Design of a Music Digital Library. If you come across a source that is not listed in our examples, ask your lecturer for assistance.

Note when mentioning the editor of a proceedings or a book within the body of the bibliographic entry (as opposed to at the front of the entry) the authors initial comes before the surname. This is because the authors surname is not being used to alphabeticise the list. 4 Enter newspaper title as author. 5 The director will be attributed.
3

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A sample bibliography
Armstrong Biography. 2002. [online]. Available from: http://www.satchmo.net/bio/. Accessed 30 December 2009. The Beatles. 1967. Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band . EMI Records Ltd. Bofinger, I. 2005. Foundation Studies in Western Art Music: Music History 2. Sydney, NSW: Australian Institute of Music Publications. Cunningham, S. J. & Reeves, N. 2003. An Ethnographic Study of Music Information Seeking: Implications for the Design of a Music Digital Library. Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. 25 July 2003. Houston, TX.: IEEE. Dapogny, J. 2006. Armstrong, Louis: Life, Grove Music Online [online]. ed. L. Macy. Available fConsiderations rom: http://www.grovemusic.com. Accessed 30 November, 2009. Special

No author means article is listed by article title Article is listed by B for Beatles, not T for The

Erlewin, .T., n.d. BKindle ob Dylan edition, Biographyinsert [online]. Available If S using a Kindle Edition where the edition number would from:http://www.allmusic.com. Accessed 16 February 2006. Gioia, T. 1997. The History of Jazz. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Haus, G. 2004, A Score Driven Approach to Music Information Retrieval, Journal of the American Society for Information Society and Technology, 55(12), pp. 12-16. IFPI:06 Digital Music Report. 2006. International Federation of the Phonographic Musical Examples Industry (IFPI). London. Jones, R. (dir.) 1996. Dancing in the S treet: Volume 1: Whole L otta Shakin', So You using a musical All musical examples included in your documents must be typeset Want To Be A Rock'n'Roll Star and R.E.S.P.E.C.T. BBC Worldwide Ltd. London. typesetting program. AIM also recommends the use of the open source Musescore Kemp, A.E. & Mills, J. 2as 002, Musical Potential i n Parncutt, R. & McPherson, G.E. (eds) Finale and program, available a free download from http://www.musescore.org. The Science and Psychology of Music Performance, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Sibelius are available for purchase at a reduced price on a student license. pp. 56-98. Tirro, Frank 997, Jazz: A Historyto , Wcopy-and-paste .W. Norton & Company, New York. Note that it 1 is not sufficient examples from scanned pdf scores. All examples must re typeset unless otherwise specified in the EUO.

go. To cite, use location numbers if there are no page numbers. The abbreviation for location is loc. eg. (Jones 2010, loc.551-559)

In most instances, if you are writing for a contemporary or jazz course, you will use an inkpen font that simulates handwritten music. If you are writing for a classical or academic course, you will use an engraved font.
Example of engraved font used for classical or academic courses.

Example of inkpen font used for contemporary or jazz courses

Figure 3 - Examples of Acceptable Fonts

Ensure that your submissions are formal.

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Drum Notation
AIM uses the notation advocated by the Percussive Arts Society (P.A.S. Notation). This is laid out in the book Guide to Standardized Drumset Notation by Norman Weinberg available in the AIM library on closed reserve.

Common notations
Degrees of the scale are written with a caret above the Arabic character, eg. 5 is the fifth degree of the scale Chords based on degrees of the scale are written in roman numerals o Upper case indicate major or augmented IV = the major chord built on degree 4. V(#5) = the augmented chord built on degree 5. o Lower case indicate minor or augmented vi = the minor chord built on degree 6. ii(5) or iio = the diminished triad build on degree 2.

Contemporary Chord Notation

The notation advocated by AIM for contemporary chordal notation is laid out in the following rules Triads The major triad is notated with the capital letter indicating the root of the chord and nothing following, eg. C = C major triad. o Note that C under no circumstances indicates the C major triad. The minor triad is notated with the capital letter indicating the root of the chord and a hyphen following, eg. C- = C minor triad. The diminished triad is notated with the capital letter indicating the root of the chord and a superscript circle following eg. C = C diminished triad. The augmented triad is notated with the capital letter indicating the root of the chord and the superscript alteration (#5) following eg. C(#5) = C augmented triad. Sevenths The interval of a major seventh is indicated by a superscript triangle eg. . o C = C major seventh (C major triad + major seventh). Alternative forms include CMaj7 and C7. o C- = C minor/major Seventh (C minor triad + major seventh). The interval of a minor seventh (or diminished seventh as noted below) is indicated by a superscript Arabic numeral 7 e.g. 7. o C7 = C dominant seventh (C major triad + minor seventh). o C-7 = C minor seventh (C minor triad + minor seventh). An alternative acceptable form is Cm7. o C7 = C diminished seventh (C diminished triad + diminished seventh). o C7(#5) = C augmented seventh (C augmented triad + minor seventh). An alternative form is C7+.

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The half diminished seventh (also known as the minor seven flat five) is notated by a superscript circle with a stroke through it e.g. C = C half diminished seven. o An alternative form is C-7(b5).

Further Alterations A higher range chord with no chromatic alterations falls into 2 categories o A chord notated with just a superscript number falls into the dominant family e.g. C13 = C dominant thirteen (C thirteen with a minor seven). o A chord notated with a triangle prior to the superscript number falls into the major family e.g. C 13 = C major 13 (C thirteen with a major seven). Chromatic alterations o Chromatic alterations are listed after the principle suffix. C9(#5), not C(#5)9. o If there are more than one chromatic alterations, they are notated in ascending order. C thirteen sharp five sharp nine = C13(#5#9) Altered chords (C7 with a sharp or flat five and a sharp or flat nine) may be written either as o C7(#5#9). o C7alt. Other chords The power chord may be notated with a superscript 5 eg. C5 = the power chord build on C.

Intervals
Intervals are to be abbreviated as follows: o Major intervals as Maj, eg. Maj 7 o Minor intervals as Min, eg Min 7 o Diminished intervals as Dim, eg Dim 7 o Augmented intervals as Aug, eg Aug 7 M/m for Major/Minor are not to be used due to the problems in distinguishing a handwritten M from m.

General Rules
Ensure you follow the following general rules. Capitalisation Do not use capital letters unnecessarily. Only proper nouns use capital letters, not common nouns. For example: A saxophone is a common noun because it describes many saxophones and does not require a capital. Ornette Coleman is a particular saxophonist and thus a proper noun. References to Coleman require capitalization.

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In discussing musical styles, the noun uses a capital letter, the adjective does not. Thus, we can talk of music of the Baroque or of Jazz, but this music is baroque music or jazz music.

Voice Adopt a formal tone with your writing. An essay should contain fact, not personal opinion. Do not write in the first person (eg. I think, I believe). Always write in the third person (eg. it can be seen, one could hypothesise). Do not use contractions (eg. can't, wouldn't etc.). This is informal and colloquial language. When writing an essay always write the full word (eg. cannot, would not). If you are backing up your assertions with excerpts from the score, be sure to label your examples correctly - composer, movement number, bar numbers, instrumentation etc. Do not use long rambling sentences. Similarly, do not use single-sentence paragraphs. Common Errors Be careful of similarly spelled words with different meanings. (These are known as heterographs.) Its/its. Its is a contraction of it is. Its is the possessive of it. Theyre/their/there. Stationery/stationary Complimentary/complementary Be careful of relying on spell check too much. Such can result in the use of incorrect words that are correctly spelled, for example this is a very cleaver device and the roof of the chord. Always proof-read your work. Do not use an apostrophe for pluralising awkward words or numbers. The decade is the 1960s, not the 1960s. More than one mp3 are called mp3s, not mp3s. You may have one CD or two CDs, but not two CDs Centuries vary in presentation depending on their usage. Nouns are not hyphenated, but adjectives are. Thus, we can talk of the eighteenth century, but of eighteenth-century music. Spelling should be in Australian English, not American. If in doubt, you should consult the Macquarie Australian Dictionary. A copy is held in the library. It is important to use grammar correctly in submissions to AIM. For example: The past tense of I sing is I sang, not I sung. In correct use of more thick as more thicker Numbers under 100 must be spelled out (eg. seventy-six trombones, when Im sixtyfour, four score and seven years). Items over 100 are written as numbers, eg 1,001 Strings Presents, 101 Dalmatians, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. Collections of things are italicized. Items within that collection are put in inverted commas. Thus, an album may be called Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, but a song is I Am The Walrus.