Commodore Power-Play 1985 Issue 13 V4 N01.Feb Mar

commodore
March, 1985 <§£ 02289

U.S. $2.50 Canada$3 50 ISSN 0739-8016
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WE PROMISE YOU WON'T
USE THE COMMODORE 64
MORE THAN 24 HOURS
A DAY.
ir
.;■
\l
—.
^
Viduzzles
It's 6 a.m. Do you know the64K IBM PCjrruorthe higher game scores or higher
where your husband is? Apple lie™—it's one affordable SAT. scores, for words or
It's 8 a.m. Do you know computer. (In fact, you can add music. For all hours of the day.
where your daughter is? a disk drive, a printer or a And night.
It's 11 a.m. Do you know modem and get a powerful So if you're looking for a
where you are? computing system for just computer, it pays to look into
We do. about the price of those other the Commodore 64.
We make the Commodore computers alone.) You'll definitely have
64,1U the computer that's in more And with all the enough money for it. Just make
homes , businesses and schools Commodore software programs sure you have enough time for it.
than any other computer. we make for it, it's one useful
With its 64K memory, its computer. COMMODORE 64'
high fidelity sound and its high What can you use it for? IT'S NOT HOW LITTLE IT COSTS,
resolution sprite graphics, it's Just about anything you want IT'S HOW MUCH YOU GET.
one powerful computer. With its to. For fun or profit, for
price—about one third that of homework or housework, for
aking music was never this much fun.
^41 ■
g yourself in a professinn.il recording THE MELODIAN RHYTHMMASTER"

studio, manipulating richly muBlcal sounds software package Starts with your own nat
from .my of sixteen different instruments. ural sense of rhythm.. .the building blorfc of
Imagine creating your own musical compo music, ..and takes ii to perfection. Meel the
sitions, just like it recording superstar. Imag challenge of RhythmMaster as you learn
ine starling as a novice and becoming .i the busies uf ihythm .ind pitch. irBCk your
musit.il master. Now the luluri1 uf musical progress until you make it .ill the way to
entertainment Is as close as your home com virtuoso.
AFFORDABLE BREAKTHROUGH
puter. .. Introducing MELODIAN"
THE COMMODORE-64- COMIWI'IBLE TECHNOLOGY...ONLY Sm.90. The
MELODIAN KEYBOARD plugs rij;lit into MELODIAN system is the result ot break
through computer design Innovations, in
THE7 MELOD1AN CONCERTMASTER* vented by the same leam who developed
software package allows you to record .nut high-tech music systems for recording
mtx inutli-lTock music |usl like .< professional superstars, Th.it's why for less than 5200,
recording engineer. Put down the bass tr.ick you can start ivilh the Melodi.in Keyboard
.ind get it just right. Then .idd guitar, hrîss and ConcerlM.ister and start making music
or woodwinds, Experiment with right jway. KhythmMaster cm be added
MELODIAN'S unique ADSR synthesizer tor only S39.9?. And other exciting pre
your home computer. ..and then the fun be window to custom design your own new recorded programs will be available soon.
gins. The menu driven display screen lets Instrument sounds...and before you know MFLODIAN products .ire available at
you experiment with infinite varieties of in It, you h.ive a completely new musical ar computer and musk1 slates'. Or you can call
strumentation .u'd orchestration .ill with rangement. Or you can study the intricacies Melodion directly at l-800-MELODIA and
only four simple cuminJnd keys. And the of prerecorded musical pieces, note for note charge it on all major credll cards All
colorlul UM'r-triundly graphics invite you to ...and then rearrange tliem to your heart's Melodian products have a 15 day money-
leam the basics of music .it your own pace. content. back guarantee.
TM
MAJOR CREDIT CARDS CALL l-800-MELODIA

ACCEPTED IN NEW YORK STATED CALL
0 198.1 Melodlan Int. COLLECT 1-212-513-7330
All rights reserved.
The new, fun way to learn, play and compose music.
Circle Header Service No. 18
COtiTEHTS
VOLUME 4, NUMBER 1, ISSUE 13 FEBRUARY/MARCH, 1985
DEPARTMENTS
LETTERS 6
NEWS FROM THE FRONT 8
BUTTERFIELD 12
GAME REVIEWS
Space Taxi reviewed oy Howard Millman 16
D-Bug reviewed by Peter Deal 17
Oil's Wflll reviewed by Ian Adam 18
Death in the Caribbean reviewed by Mike Bums 19
Popeye reviewed by Mark Cotone 20
Star Trek reviewed by Mark Cotone 24
Seven Cities of Gold reviewed by Jell Seiken 28
Ptiaroah's Curse reviewed by Robert Baker 32
Star Ranger reviewed by Ted Salamone 34
Puzzle Mania reviewed 6y Robel Baker
FEATURES
36
JOYSTICK LUNATIC 38 WHO WILL DESIGN THE

PERFECT GAME? . 66
JIFFIES
The Software Acquisition Manager of a leading software com
Hail (or PET and 64 by Jerry A. Sturdivonl 40
pany reveals what it fakes to break into the markef. by Keiiyn Beeck
Color Intemiptor for the 64 by Harold Droid 42
1541 Directory AlphObetizer by Louis Sander 44 THE MAKING OF A GAME PROGRAMMER 70
Defined Functions on the 64 by John stiiweii 46
A behind-the-scenes look at how a Commodore game program
COMPUTER TUTOR mer won her Wings, by Judy Bradflick
Guitar Chord Finder by Andy Gamble 47 LEGAL ISSUES IN MARKETING

A Round for the VIC 20 by Danold J. Eddington 52 SOFTWARE 72
Quick Load by Jerry A Slurdivant 54
Legal issues you must consider if you intend to take your
Sprite Catalog by Andy Gamble 55
program into production, by Herbert Swartz
Birthday Card by Mark Jordan 58
Alarm Clock by Greg Kudos; 88 PROBING QUESTPROBE 74
Hands-On, Beginning Programmersi byJoneReh 100
A revealing interview with the father of adventure games, Scott
TELE/SCOPE Adams, by John Jermaine
The Conversing Commodore by Howord Millman 63
FOR GAMERS
BOOK REVIEW
At War with your Computer by g. scott Wright 80
Brought to You by Sybex by Linda Lee 112
GAME PROGRAMS
USER GROUPS
In Between: A Computer Card Gome by Bruce Jaeger 94
User Group List 114
KIDS' CORNER
GLITCH FIX 124
Hug a Robot Today by Betsy Byrne 98
HOW TO ENTER PROGRAMS in Pow/Picy 125
NO MORE PENCILS
Tiny FORTH in LOGO by David Malmoerg 104 ADVERTISERS'INDEX 128
POWERPLAY 3
POIUERPLBV
Publisher
Robert M. Kenney
Assistontto ihe Publisher
Virginia 0. Dike
Editor
Diane LeBold
Technical Editor
Jim Gracely
Assistant Editor
Carol Minion
Staff Writers
Sieve Finkel, John O'Brien
Art Director
Robert C.Andersen
Cover Illustration
Maik Desman
Advertising Coordinator
Sharon Stelnhofer
Advertising Assistant
Cheryl Griffith
Circulation Manager
John O'Brien
Circulation Assistant
Kothy Relgel
Advertising Representatives
SOUTHEAST
Warren Longer
1337 NW 84th Drive
Coral Springs, FL 33065
305/753-4124
HIDATLANTIC
AND NEW ENGLAND
Bob D'Ambioslo
Target Media
114 E. Main Street
Bogota, NJ 07603
201/488-7900
WEST
Roger Leen
1417 Dolores Street
San Francisco, CA 94110
415/282-6000
MIDWEST
Pamela S. Fedor
700 River Road
Fair Haven, MJ 07701
201/741-5784
Cibwjot Pomer/lta/, Volume 4, taw 1, Issue '3, Frtru-
ISBNO-88731-039-7
y u Marwimg Inc. 1200 Wison Drive. Wssl

f. FA (9360 li S.I IS suKtrita tale 15 S!5 00 pel |W
Canadian sgtwriber rate is $!0 00 po year Ortrseas susscriwr
rsle is 125 00 pet year. Oueswns conceirvng subscnpiians should
be direttea in Comernpnraiy Matkeimi) EuOscriotion Department.
Box BS1. Ho'mes. FA 19043 phone (BOD} 3J5-B112 In Pennsylva
nia (500| 662-24" Copyright t 1985 by Ccnlempmary MM-
ing. lie All rigMs laatta.
Coniemporaty Markgtintj also publishes Commoaore
Application to mail at Second Class Dosiaye raws is pending at

WeH Chaster. Pennsylvania 193B0 and aaditintal mailinc ollic«.
POSTMASTER send address ctonges 10 Contemporary Markelmg
6w tel. HolmB. PA 19043
VIC 20~. ComrnMOis 64'* and S^perPEI~ are [rafjemjr»s ol
CoraiTOdo'e EJectfDKtcs Lid PET* is a reg'Slerea traitemdr* ol
Coromodo'e Business Wartimes. Inc CBM" 15 a registered Trade
mark, ol Commence ElKtrtiriiCS Ltd.
ABC Membaiship applied lot
RCHKl'AKV/MAKCH S5
The OKIMATE 10 Personal Color
Printer's got it for $238.
Fully equipped for Handbook will teach you Everything Included.
reading, writing and how to get your wildest For 9238you get both the
rithmetlc. ideas and images down on printer and the PLUG 'N
The OKIMATE 10's word paper. Now you're set, PRINT package plus
processing capability deliv- OKIMATE 10 makes it
erscrisp. clean term papers, easy to get color from the
school reports and home screen to paper because it
work. At 240 words per comes with its own "Color
minute. So now you can Screen Print" program.
print an assignment off your lust plug Ihe OKIMATE 10
Commodore personal into your Commodore per
The first affordable computer in minutes, in sonal computer with the
color printer. stead of typing it in hours. PLUG "N PRINT package.'
Commodore® computer And the OKIMATE 10 lets And print.
owners, meet the one and you highlight words It's that
only. The new OKIMATE 10 headlines, easy.
paragraphs everything you need to
Persona] Color Printer. The
and charts print: black ribbon, color rib
first personal printer that
with bon, data cable. PLUG 'N
lets you print in a rainbow of
wide, PRINT control cartridge,
36 dazzling colors.
bold, "Learn-to-Print" program,
"Color Screen Print" soft
or fine
ware package, computer
print.
paper, and an easy to read
So you
and your in handbook.
formation really stand out.
If you use your Commo
dore personal computer to
keep track of mortgage
payments, tuition payments,
your checkbook or beat
Dow lones to the punch,
here's good news: the
OKIMATE 10 gets down to
business quickly. And easily.
Now your Commodore

personal computer has new Easy to learn,
OKPATA
meaning, Because the easy to use.
OKIMATE 10 can bring the "Learn-to-Print" software
information on your screen comes with OKIMATE 10 to
^k an OKI AMERICA company
npany
to life. Printing on plain show you how to start print
paper. In brilliant color. For ing. And the OKIMATE 10 Mt. Laurel. N| 08054
very little green.
Available at retailers everywhere.
Commcdorc is a registered trademark of Commodore Business Mrfunes. Inc. Circle Reader Service No. 22
■ PLUG N PRINT packages (or Commodore computers sold separately.
Trie 64 and PLUS A require disk dnve
commodore
i:\ softiyaiii>
Supporting »H COMMODORE compufari
* GAMES * UlILl Hi :. * EDUCATIONAL *
P.DI PROGRAM MANUAL- S& 00 the color of the cursor using CTRL |1
H p«oflrim will hay* initr«[K>nI B<1 OpifiUnrv Ul*. ll*yboild
to 8j on the VIC and C64 or C = [1 to
8| on the C64 only. And last, cursor up
and make your changes.
fl4 cqIIscMcmu ■ 1 Ehnj \2 It's now easier to see where the

25 + orog'*mi ptr coHeclion-TiOB or Duk 11 COO etch
cursor is and to see what changes
COMMUDOflE 4* COLLECTION 411 have been made. If you are using a
Aii"iitLi mi. h# Ar'îhl ^. '1 L ^n-j jf"^ 9 Co ornôn l_Q4u t r
■ -*':•-. :..•-■■■
S*C Cl
black-and-white or monochrome
monitor, then use white for your list
ing, black for your changes, and a
Matching Songbooks/Records
light gray for the background.
To the Editor:
Thomas Trocco
vic»<r If you have many song books, re
Bronx, New York
c 70 callocuonB * 1 thru 12
£0 + pio OBr collo<:l*an Tnpn or Otik SI0.00
cordings and tapes, it is possible to
find yourself wondering which song is
on which record and in which song- Simon's BASIC
DLVSET"; HciKt Switch
book. I did. But I've found a way to To the Editor:
Wo'ki nn Vit 20 uc Cum rrtodor* 64 — 15 00
find and match recordings with song- Simon's BASIC contains a conve
SERIAL TABLES
lOFl-JlOOO 16FI —11500 books by treating it like a sorting nient function, PAUSE, which allows
LO4VLITE"" o, - ;,r*u.3 h-.ii. -.1.. problem. the programmer to specify a pause in
Kit w/irm $16.00

AHBmblfld and Tailed 120 00
Bo*W w/irtiT 17.50
Here's how I match song titles on the program for a specified number of
records with titles in songbooks: I use seconds. In Commodore 64 BASIC, a
Pricti includ* U.S. shipping »nd handling nnly.
CHECK. MONEY ORDERS. VISA ind MASTEBCARD an alphabetize: program on my Com pause is often created with a
■cCBpttd NO COD'i
WmsFoiAFronFlYofClr SondflOC In Coin Or Slairio* Fo'A
modore 64 copied from the book, Por FOR ... NEXT loop.
Com plain CatoloQ
ter's Programs for the Commodore 64. Using a FOR ... NEXT loop to cre
l'l ill HIHIMAIV, 11VC You can buy a copy of this book in ate a delay has two disadvantages.
5025 5 Binj.lm. Hd MI Villon. OH *&3B3
10 00 i m. - 6.00 p m EST — Mon. lhri> FrL most area bookstores. First, unless you use the technique
|513|fl9a-583B nr [SI 3) 339-1 'IS
First, I enter the titles of songs with frequently enough to have a feel for it,
the record and side number in the you must experiment to find the
Circle Reader Service No. 26
alphabetizes Then, I save the pro proper range for your loop counter.
gram on disk. Next, I print out an Second, if you use one of the com
LEROY'S CHEATSHEET" alphabetized list of the recorded pilers now on the market, you will
songs. Then, I check the alphabetized need to redetermine all of your loop
list against the song book index and I counters, since the compiler makes
can quickly tell for which of the re the loops run faster.
corded songs I have music. There is another way to create a
How does this sorting benefit me? delay in the program for a specified
Recently, I bought a Clancy Broth number of seconds, without the
FOR COMMODORE 64
ers and Tommy Makem song book bother of experimentation, and which
LEROr'S ClU ANKLETS .1. i : , i.- larnhfllcd »ey&t
dvd/[b» *wontd Iof ilia w»m popular lofrwara * when I was in Edinburgh. My family will be unaffected by compiling the
Tham cul-H-oul you'Mll overUpi vo doi^grHd lo M o-nr

had given me several records by this program. Set the value of S in line 500
the ktybuurd purroundlng Iria Keys «ith cornninndJ fund
group I had only to compare my al equal to the desired delay in seconds:
phabetized song titles against the in ... program read for pause
LEROY'S CHEATSHEETS'"
makD i fi- oaiJtr for ,c. dex of the songbook to find out if I had 500 S = 30GOSUB 900:REM PAUSE
the music for the recordings. It will 30 SECONDS
save me time finding music in the ... more program after pause
future when I want to play along with ...END
a record. 900 T = TI + 60*S:REM PAUSE SUB
Perhaps not everybody has the ROUTINE
problem of organizing their music and 910 IF T = TI THEN RETURN
record files, but if you have, the above 920 GOTO 910
is one way to minimize confusion. Since this technique makes use of
John Walley the internal clock, rather than the
Midland, Michigan time required to execute a
FOR.. NEXT loop, it requires no ex
Easier Screen Editing perimentation and is immune to a
To the Editor: compiler. And, if desired, you could
If you change the color of your even insert a GOSUB between 910
cursor before you make any editing and 920 for a routine which does
changes, it makes edits easier to see. something during the pause.
First, list the part of the program Jack Ryan
that needs editing. Second, change El Dorado, Arkansas
6 FEBRUARY/MARCH '85
\.v- '.:■■■■■ '■■:-■:
ARE • • • INVALUABLE HELPMATES AND TIMESAVERS
"Basedon thepowerfulCONSULTANT™', a professional database manager, theHOME

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but without the headaches. Each ofthese dedicatedprograms-has the screens andformatted
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...e cabinets. Each program has special functions built right in, to help .you belt,
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as you enter data, with the "Checkbook" program.
much much more, to $ave yt

<™t help you
ii KM1 i --I
'mi
r)'
The second best thing about

the HOME ORGANIZERS is that it's so easy to use.
don't have to program anything, or set up formats—it's
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and enter data. What's the best thing? The price. ONLY $29.95*, an unbeatable
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^■Wm^^SSîmS^NSNXWKS
V izi £5?*
■FOB* RIPRINT OF THE AltTICLE AS IT OftrfllNAUV APPEARED WHITE TO US.WEWItLBE OIAD TO SEND *0UA COPY. WE'RE '1010 OF IT
O 1984 BATTERIES INCLUDED. AIL HIOHTS HESERVED C0MU0D0RE IS » BEC15TEBED THAUE UAHC OF COMUQDQHI BUSINESS UACHINES . IN
NEWS
POWER PLAY'S FROM THE FRONT
Keyboard Overlays
Uheatsheet Products of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has designed 13
new Cheatsheets for the Commodore 64. This brings the total
number of Leroy's Cheatsheets to 33. Leroy's Cheatsheets are ■ 7* R ,' ■ 1 '. i
durable, plastic-coated out-out templates that overlay your VIC 20 II i4 r l| ■ 1
or 64 keyboard.
1
■1
■ - 1
Each Leroy's Cheatsheet is designed for a particular program or

s
.
device. The Cheatsheet acts as a reference card that becomes part of

your keyboard. Commands, starting instructions, marked function
sIL 1
keys and many other helps are right there for your use,
The latest list of available Cheatsheets include: LOGO (sheet 1),
L0U0 (sheet 2, advanced), Pilot, EasyCalc, Printer 1526, The
Manager, Hnltlplan, PractiCalc 64 (and Fins), Printer (Epson-RS-60), Superbase 64, The Consultant, Sprites Only
and a set of three blanks. Each Leroy's Cheatsheet Is priced at only $3.95 plus $1.00 shipping per order (PA residents add 6% sales tax).
Crossword Puzzle
Games
Compuzzlor, a game of strategy developed from the traditional
crossword puzzle, has been released by Uptown Software of Boston,
Massachusetts. A full-color crossword puzzle that is filled In by
competing teams, Compuszler requires each team to beat a clock
as they take their turn, immediately removes errors from the grid,
scores points for correct words, allows one team to challenge the
entry of another and guarantees group participation.
Double CrosUc is another crossword puzzle game by Uptown
Software. This game adds advanced computer features to the
original by giving isolated clues to complete words and transposing
letters at seemingly random locations.
Commodore Association Plans 1985 Convention

i. he West Coast Commodore Association will hold a two-day exhibition In San Francisco that will feature software and peripheral vendors
and noted speakers exclusively for the Commodore 64 and VIC 20 market. The convention will be In early February of 1985, after the January
Consumer Electronics Show, to allow the software vendors the opportunity to test their new software products on the consumers. For
more information, contact the West Coast Commodore Association, P.O. Box 210310, San Francisco, CA 94121, (The telephone number is
415-567-5046.)
Scrabble
Software
E pyx, a Sunnyvale, California, software
publisher, has released Monty Plays
Scrabble, a computer version of the popular
word game Scrabble. The software plays
exactly like the original game except you
don't need a human opponent. The gaine
provides four skill levels and a playing
vocabulary of over 12,000 words. It
accommodates three players,
8 FEBRUARY/MARC] TH5
POWER PLAY'S FROM THE FRONT
Video
Acquisition
System
-Uigital Vision of Needham, Massachusetts,
announces the introduction of Computer-
eyes, the company's low-cost video
acquisition system for the Commodore 64.
Computereyes is a slow-scan device that
plugs into the Commodore's User I/O Port and
connects to any standard video source (video
tape recorder, video camera, video disk).
Under simple software control, a black and
white Image is produced in less than six
seconds. A multi-scan mode also provides the
realistic gray-acale images, Computerayes produces a dijtUied Image In lens than ill: seconds,
Some applications include: pattern recognition, security, quality control, spatial measurement, robotics and artificial intelligence,
Industrial controls, computer art, education and entertainment.
The Computereyes package includes interface module, complete software support on disk, owner's manual and a one-year warranty. A
complete system including Computereyes and a video camera is also available from Digital Vision.
Break Dancing
f!
\Jreative Software of Sunnyvale, California, has released Break Street, the break dance game
for the Commodore 64 that includes street gymnastics, mime and funk. Using either a
keyboard or joystick, players manipulate the break dancer through antics such as head spins,
the moonwalk, snaking and the tut. Each break dance movement has its own level of difficulty
and players challenge one another to dance duels.
Your dancer can moonwalk, do head splm—

andmore—In Creative Software's £re«i
Street.
Everything You Can Do with Your

Commodore 64
-Alfred Publishing of Sherman Oaks, California, has released the book Everything Ton Can
Do with Tour Commodore 64 by Richard Q. Peddicord.
The book includes illustrations, charts, tables, photos, step-by-step instruction in word
processing, electronic spreadsheets, record keeping, finance and accounting, games,
education, music, graphics and communications. It also contains product reviews,
recommendations on purchasing peripherals and an appendix which features a product
directory with names, addresses and phone numbers of Commodore software and hardware
manufacturers and their products. A directory of 64 User Groups Is also include!
More News, on /iff. 121
POWKKPL.AY 9
COMMODORE MAKES SOFTWARE FOR
EVERY MEMBER OF THE FAMILY.
Commodore makes software You see. Commodore makes and barcharting. And even with
for uncles, cousins, aunts who software for fun, profit, homework, color options.
teach, nieces, nephews, brothers, housework and office work. Fish Metic™ (upper right) is an
sisters preparing for exams, fathers, Our Easy-Calc (upper left) is educational math program in a game
mothers and brothers-in-law in an electronic spreadsheet that's 63 format. With our Manager program
roofing and tiling. columns x 254 rows with graphics (lower left), you get a sophisticated
ALMOST.
database system with four built-in

filing applications. Or you can design
But we're working on it.
Incidentally, we also make the
COMMODORE 64
your own. perfect place to use all these soft IT'S NOT HOW LITTLE IT COSTS,
Why, in the lower right hand ware programs (except the last one): IT'S HOW MUCH YOU GET.
corner, there's even a... oh, we don't the all purpose Commodore 64,'" the
make that one yet. world's best selling computer.
BUTTERHELD HVJIMBISTTKRFIEIJ)
Notes Toward Flowcharting

"Conventional" flowcharts are no
One of the world's
Creating Better longer favored for the development or
documentation of large programs,
leading experts in They are still good for showing intu
Programs Commodore
itive concepts such as loops and deci
sions, but for real programming tasks
Part 2 computing offers they tend to get the programmer
bogged down in excess detail. Subse
a few simple quent program modifications would
Output call for massive flowchart revision, an
programming unproductive task.
MT RINT generates all output. It New charting methodologies are
might go to the screen, to the printer,
suggestions. Part 1 now in use. Some are keyed to pro
to a disk or tape file, or to other inter
faces such as a communications line.
appeared in the gramming
("structured",
structure considerations
"top-down", and
No matter how your PRINT state December/January "GOTO-loss" programming). One
ment reads, your output will always such is the Nassi-Shneiderman dia
be eight-bit characters. PRINT 6 + 7 issue. gram. (Reference: I. Nassi and B
will output the value 13. On PET/CBM Shneiderman, "Flowchart Technique
units prior to 4.0. it will also output a for Structured Programming," ACM
linefeed SIGPLAN Notices 8.6, August 1973)
Do not use comma punctuation or printed after. V1+V2 should not ex See Figure 1.
the TAB function except when print ceed nine; BASIC'S numeric accuracy
ing to the screen. Even then, it's best starts to fall off at this point. Simple Key Tricks
to avoid these because as your pro Well known: The RETURN key
See Listing 1 below.
gram develops, you may want to redi takes the cursor to the start of the
rect output to a printer or a file. If the number is too big to fit, you'li next line, and executes whatever ac
Instead, use string functions to ar get a string of asterisks instead of a tion is indicated on the previous line:
range things in columns. To left-jus- wrong number. enter a new BASIC line, perform a
tify o name NS within a ten-column The following program may be direct command, or nothing. As the
area and then right-justify a value V used to test the above subroutine. It cursor goes to the next line, it drops
in six columns, you would write cod prints each number in three different all special printing modes such as
ing similar to: formats: RVS or prog rammed-cursor ("quotes'
PRINT LEFTS(NS+ " ".10); See Listing 2 below.
RIGHT${" ■1 + STR$(V),6)
The concatontation in each case pro Listing 1
vides the "filler" spaces. Then the 50000 HEM 'USING' ARRANGE IN COLUMNS
string functions chop the output to 50010 KEM V IS VALUE; VI.V2 POSITIONS
the desired size. Don't forget that 50020 V4=lNT(V*10"V2+.5)
spaces can be pre-defined {S$ = "") to 50030 VS=RIGHTS("[SPACE7]"+STHS{V4),V1+V2+1)
save space and time. 53040 IF V2<1 GOTO 50080
When outputting to disk and 50050 FOR V5=Vl+2 TO V1+V2+1:IF ASC(MID$(V$,
printer, you must avoid the linefeed V5))<48 THEN NEXT V5
character. On the 4.0 PET/CBM, VIC 50060 V6=VS-V1~1
20, and Commodore 64, this happens 5(1070 VS=MID$ (VS,V6, Vl+l)+LEfcT$(".80O00" ,
automatically if you pick a logical file V6)+MIDS(V$,V5)
number less than 128. On early 500HC IF ASC(VS)>47 THEN V$=LEFT${"**•*•*******",
PET/CBM systems, you must end VI+V2+2+{V2=0))
each PRINT# line with the sequence 50090 RETURN
;CHR$(13); (do not forget the semi
colon at the end). Listing 2
100 data 123,3.33333,6.66666,-45.25555,9999,
Numbers in Columns .01234,-5678,0
The following subroutine converts 110 READ V
a value into a string of fixed length.
120 V1=4:V2=0:GOSUB 50000:PRINT V$;" ";
The user should set VI to equal the 130 V1=3:V2=1:GOSUB 50000:PRINT VS;" ";
number of characters to be printed 140 V1=3:V2=3:GOSUB 50000:PRINT V$
before the decimal point and V2 to 150 IF VO0 GOTO 110
equal the number of characters to be
160 EtiD Continuedmpff,
12 FI-HHUARV/MARCH'KS
Simulator n
»w*
from New York to Los Angeles. High speed color-filled 3D graphics will give you a beautiful panoramic vie
as you practice takeoffs, landings, and aerobatics. Complete documentation will get you airborne quickly
even if you've never flown before. When you think you're ready, you can play the World War I Ace aerial battle
game. Flight Simulator II features include ■ animated color 3D graphics ■ day, dusk, and night flying mode:
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Instrumentation ■ VOR, ILS, ADF, and DME radio equipped ■ navigation facilities and course plotting ■ World
War I Ace aerial battle game ■ complete information manual and flight handbook.
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tor shipping and specify UPS or llrsl class mail delivery. American Express,
Diner s Club, MasterCard, and Visa accepted.
o)LOGIC
713 Edgebrook Drive
Order Line: 800 / 637-4983 Champaign IL 61820

(217) 359-8482Telex: 206995
Circle Reader Service No.:
BUTTERFIELD
position cursor, draw a figure, or
both. After GET, they can test if a
Figure 1. The Three certain key has been pressed, e.g.,
Basic Elements the RVS key. or a function key. Even
function keys have reverse-font
START START START codes.
Go With the Flow

PROCESS One of the most useful things to
PROCESS
TO BE
leacn is to make programs "flow"
REPEATED
rather than hop around. A preoccupa
tion with GOTO can be a bad habit.
END END END
DECISION
Consider the following simple exer
PROCi SS ITERATION
cise. Given this first line:
♦ 100A=10:B = 34:C = 29:D = 61:E = 47
INPUT A PROCESS IS SET SUM - 0 . . . how would you code a follow

INPUT
OFTEN MADE UP ing program to print the largest value
DO TOTAL TOTAL FOR ALL ITEMS.
OF SMALLER among A, B, C, D and E? Beginners
OUTPUT ADD AMOUNT
OUTPUT PROCESSES
TO SUM always start with , . IF A<B
GOTO . . and get into trouble right
ANY PROCESS MAY BE DRAWN away. Most programmers quickly
IN FINER DETAIL
M> 12
learn that the best coding is along the
A DECISION
/ V following lines:
N t -
MAY OFTEN HAVE
f ■y »i
A "BLANK" (UNUSED) INPUT N
ARM
FOR 1 TO N
100 A=10:B=34:C = 29
INPUT V
:D=61:E=47
PROGRAM lit) G=A
AN ITERATION STRUCTURE 120 IF B>G THEN G=B
PRKESS MAY HAVE THE IS VISIBLE 130 IF OG THEN G=C
TERMS OF REPETITION N\J,/ Y AND NEAT! 140 IF D>G THEN G=D
UNTIL T<0 AT START OR END
150 IF E>G THEN G=E
160 PRINT G
UNTIL . . .
PRINT
Note how the above program flows
from one statement to the next. Once
mode). space and won't behave like a space the principle—assuming an answer
Not well known: The SHIFT-RE when entered. and then correcting it—is under
TURN key takes the cursor to the start Why it's useful: Typing a single stood, it is easy to write and to read.
of the next line, but does not perform SHIFT-SPACE immediately behind Review your programs for how well
any action from the previous line. All the line number of a program line they flow. Use subroutines liberally;
special printing modes are dropped. causes following SPACE characters to learn to use boolean variables. A good
Why it's useful: The screen may be be retained. Thus, a program can be program often "leaves notes for it
used as a notepad or sketch pad. As given indentation. Without the self." Instead of departing the flow to
each line is completed, SHIFT-RE SHIFT-SPACE, the indentation will handle a special condition, it notes
TURN will take the cursor to the next disappear when the program is listed. the condition and handles it when the
line without a syntax error or similar Well known: We may write a PRINT correct place arrives in the coding.
message. And if an existing program statement which contains cursor Beginners often view a program
line is being edited on the screen and movement and color control charac somewhat like a road map—where
the programmer botches the job (usu ters; these show up as coded reverse you are represents what decisions
ally by getting into programmed characters. have been made recently. More ex
cursor mode), pressing SHIFT-RE Not well known: The same charac perienced programmers view it like a
TURN will exit cleanly to the next ters may be assigned to a variable passenger train—you may pick up a
line, without entering the badly and used when needed. They don't different set of passengers on each
edited line into memory. need to be printed right away, or ever trip and may skip some stops along
Well known: The SPACE key prints for that matter. the way, but it's very seldom that
a space when pressed. Why it's useful: We can form you'll go off onto a spur line or
Not well known: The SHIFT- "canned" string variables containing siding. C
SPACE prints a character identical to cursor movements. When printed,
a spaco onto the screen; but it isn't a they can do useful jobs on demand:
BREAK!
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LOGIC
Corporation
Order Line: 800 / 637-4983 713 Edgebrook Drive

Champaign IL61820
(217) 359-8482 Telex: 206995

GOmEREUIEUJS REVIEWED BY HOWARD MIL1.MAN
Space Taxi
screens, that's an accomplishment by
Computer: Commodore 64
Publisher: Muse Software
Huge magnets and itself. Let's also assume that in the
process, you didn't land on or inciner
347 N. Charles Street
Baltimore, MD 21201
black holes pull you to ate your fare. The commuter walks
Medium: Disk ward sure destruction, over, climbs aboard and with the
same synthesized voice, states his
1/lfhen I was a young man—quite electric interference destination. In true spacer style, the
some time ago, thank you—my father
destination is a pad number, actually
drove a cab in Brooklyn. fields propel you ever just numbered flat spots usually lo
Many a night I remember him cated in some almost inaccessible
grousing about stingy tippers, stalled
closer to doom or chasm or planetary niche. Upon arriv
ing, the passenger exits, walks to the
traffic and soaring tempers. These
were just commonplace concerns;
lasers trap you in a pad's edge and conveniently dis
never once did he contend with lethal crossfire. solves. After a moment, a distant new
figure shouts out to be picked up.
shooting stars, alien force fields or
deadly lasers. But that was thirty This all appears and could be rather
years ago. Now things are different, lethal crossfire, There's shifting ter simple except you do not have pre
thanks to the captivating magic of rain, asteroid barriers, invisible cise control of the taxi's movements.
Space Taxi. minefields and shooting stars. If Here's why.
This ingenious game from Muse dodging these dangers isn't enough All movement is controlled entirely
Software heralds a trend in home en to fret about, you also can't touch any by joystick. Changing direction re
tertainment software. Its fast pace solid object except to land. Fortu sults in a mini exhaust blast impelling
combines with first-rate color graph nately, all this isn't happening at the taxi across the screen. But there
ics and sound effects to provide supe once, but even contending with these are no brakes. After accelerating, the
rior noncombative entertainment perils one at a time—it's still a tough taxi doesn't stop dead in its tracks,
And what sound effects—it actually way to make a living. Naturally, your but tends to coast a bit, how far de
talks! True, the syntax isn't particu fare either hails you from or wants pending upon how fast you were trav
larly picturesque, but who expects to transportation to, the other side of elling. And it's almost impossible to
hear the king's English in an alien whatever risk is in vogue. stay put. Unless under power, the cab
galaxy anyway. There are 25 separate screens. slowly sinks. It's like driving a car on
Taxi's central theme casts you as a Each represents an amusing new quicksand with a rubber steering
space-hopping cab driver. You're challenge to your skill while making it wheel. Overcoming these realistic,
hailed by a husky-voiced fare calling increasingly difficult to get your cab but often fatal, features requires skill
out, "Hey, Taxi". The raspy, yet rec from here to there. When the inevita ful coordination. Maybe more than
ognizable shout doesn't belong to a ble encounter occurs, your taxi ex most casual players can muster.
three-pack-a-day bruiser, but to a plodes into colored dots and, A few more added elements en
small animated figure waving for your accompanied by a sinking whistle, hance the game. Practicalities such
attention. And so starts the adventure falls to the bottom of the screen. as fuel supply (indicated by a bar
iww ■-■■■■■..-...- ■....
■VrtVi AUWViVMVHV'
Since time is money and you're an But all isn't lost. You are provided graph on the control panel at the bot
experienced space jockey, you blast with six taxis one at a time to help tom of the screen), a digital tip meter
right over to your fare at full throttle. you survive al! these astral terrors. that starts decrementing from the
But beware of the many dangers lurk Some of the hazards are so cleverly moment you're hailed and stops
ing in these alien landscapes. fiendish, you will certainly need all six when your passenger is safely deliv
Huge magnets and black holes pull and maybe more. Why? Let's take a ered and a control light that flashes
you towards sure destruction, electric typical ride. blue when your airspeed is slow
interference fields propel you ever Assume that you reach the pickup enough to safely land aro included.
closer to doom or lasers trap you in a spot safely and, in the advanced Scoring is simple. You are awarded
cnmE reuieujs REVIEWED BY PETER DEAL
D-Bug KHK P.HH

HEMORV
RHH CPU T C3
Computer: Commodoce 64 KHK KBH RRK KHM
Publisher: Electronic Arts

2755 Campus Drive
San Mateo, CA 94403
Medium: Disk
hat wouid it be like to take a trip

inside a computer? If you have always
wanted to "see" how a computer
works, D-Bug is for you.
The program begins with a simple
game which is interrupted by gar
bage sounds, bad graphics oi other
such catastrophe. You are trans
formed into Moe Dem, Dot Matrix or
MAX (Mechanical Antibug X-pert)
the robot, and it is up to you and
Charlie Fixit to bring the computer push them in or check if they are hot sound effects are superb. The manual
back into flawless operation. You can or defective. On the harder levels, the" is thorough and contains everything
travel anywhere inside the computer chips don't flash, so diagnosis is that you need.
in your search for trouble spots. much harder. 1 highly recommend D-Bug to any
The screen is divided into chip sec D-Bug has graphics so detailed that one who wants an insight on the in
tions which flash if there is a "bug" in you are able to see the little legs on ner workings of a computer. At the
them (easy levels), Once inside a sec the chips, fuses, fan and filter. The same time, you can strengthen your
tion, you can move over the chips to music is oniy acceptable, but the problem-solving skills. C
$5.00 for every ride successfully com using the same joystick. You are ini unquestionably limited: "Hey Taxi,"
pleted, an extra $10.00 if your fare tially offered a choice of five various "Pad—Please," "Up Please" and a
requests to be delivered Co another shifts: Morning, Afternoon, Night, 24- very annoyed "Hey!" when you acci
screen, plus the amount of the tip hour or nandom. The shifts are the dentally land on your fare. The gruff
shown on the decrementing meter, difficulty levels. hoarse voice comes through clear
assuming the meter hasn't reached In the Morning (easiest) mode, the enough to understand but the mes
zero. Earning any amount over $50.00 first screen, entitled "Short and sage is also printed below on the con
entitles you. accompanied by a suit Sweet," requires picking up and trol panel for easy verification. All the
able musical fanfare, to list your name delivering from one to three fares. On graphics and animation are excellent
in the cabbie's hall of fame. Entering all screens, when the last fare calls, as are the standard sound effects.
your name, incidentally, is one of only "Up Please," you ease the taxi The program also contains a dem
three actions requiring keyboard use through a narrow break in a force field onstration mode which runs through
at the top of the screen. That in turn four screens, illustrating exactly what
earns you an extra $10.00 and takes perils await in each. Exiting the demo
you to the next progressively harder mode is accomplished by simply
screen entitled "The Beach". Here pressing the RUN/STOP key As an
too, you are required to pick up and enjoyable, even spellbinding, intro
deliver additional fares while dodging duction to this amusing program, sit
an increasing number of challenging back and let the demo automatically
obstacles. Your last fare says, once run. Since the manual does not ex
again, "Up Please," and so it goes. plain each screen's hazards, the
But not for me. demo mode is instructional as well as
So far I've not passed the fifth entertaining.
since the game is played almost ex screen, because the complexity sig If 1 were to fault the program for any
clusively with a joystick. The other nificantly increases with the intro shortcomings, and nothing is really
two are freezing the action when it's duction of moving hazards. The ever perfect, I think that surviving
time to take a breath or exiting the overriding challenge, once again, is in some, if not most, of the hazards is
smoothly controlling the movement of almost impossible. Perhaps, when it
program at any time. Single key
comes to being a space cabbie, I just
strokes are all that's required, so the taxi.
anytime a new screen is offered, you Aside from the creative theme, the don't have enough of the right stuff.
most intriguing aspect of Space Taxi Next week my father gets his turn
have to play or pass.
As many as four cabbies can play is the voice. The vocabulary is and then I'll know for sure. C
POWEHPLAY 17
GRfllE REUIEU1S REVIEWED BV IAN ADAM
PYSCO SOFTWARE
■for the Commodore 64
9.95 each! on disk.

Oil's Well moving When all the oil has been
Computer: Commodore 64 drained, you pull up stakes Oust like
Publisher: Sierra the real oil companies) and move on
HANGMAN nunir.d. ot l«.iJi onB
kit kHfd illtl au&libbLa In th« futura- Sierra On-Line Building to a new well with a more compli
Coarsegold. CA 93614 cated maze. As each screen is com
SNOWMAN thud..« «th «n
ulth antart&inme erapMct- 11't fuftl Medium: Disk pleted, you build another piece onto
your refinery; after eight screens, the
MICRO-GAME ..« .< iu=v Ud
Hvry, .■■» you dititft lh« ibH boudt. refinery is complete.
M. his last-action game leaves even The most fascinating part of the
CROSSWORD ,u«i«, d.u,hi. game is the protection of your dril
LhauBtridi of pmitii. far 1-4 cLay«'«. the spectator thoroughly captivated.
Although Oil's Well may have started pipe. As you move through the maze,
NUMBERS i« „„„, p.opl.. the pipe becomes longer and longer.
axciilant 8'ipMci tfl anutc and (•ftcf.,
out as a simple offshoot of the usual
maze-game theme, it picked up a life It takes a good deal of coordination to
DUnLrCJ mLK r. lc* graphic* and of its own along the way. protect your "tail." Try to keep mov
sauftd. Can you b«at Iha tyaitn 77?
The concept of Oil's Well is sim ing and scoring points for as long as
plus a FREE program ple—you are drilling for oil. First, you you can, of course, but when trouble
with each purchase! choose one of three levels of difficulty is imminent, press the fire button anc
(regular, unleaded or premium). Then the drill pipe will retract, dragging
P.O. BOX 381 you use the joystick to maneuver your you back to safety at the top of the
Br istol , CT 06010 drill bit through a series of under well. Helplessly watching it reel in
ground passages. (The drill bit bears a while the meanies converge upon
Write about Joining strange resemblance to that well you, all the while hoping that you
our PROGRAMMING staff known pack rat of the mazes.) As it didn't leave too late, is true suspense.
CaameQot* 04 l> a tradaiArlt moves underground sucking up oil, During all this, a clock is counting
al CDmODOFE ELECTRONICS LTD.
however, the bit drags around a "tail" down at the top of the screen. If you
Circle Reader Service No. 25 of drill pipe. It is this drill pipe that don't drain the well of oil by the time
makes the game so interesting. it reaches zero, you lose one of your
[CfflPUJER rSHIRTS You see, beneath the ground lies a

wide variety of hazards. There are fe
three drill bits.
The squeaky noises, wide variety o
FOR HOME, SCHOOL AND OFFICE!
rocious meanies that will attack your demons and excruciating mazes wil
pipe, unless you can get to them first keep you occupied for hours. The
with the drill. There are also bombs game draws heavily from Pacman, yet
(placed by a competitive oi! company) the added dimensions result in a
that attack the bit but ignore the product that I find more enjoyable;
pipe. There are dead ends to avoid one that just may well hold its enter
and bonus points if you can keep tainment value longer. C
r i u 11L TI u * T F'; c i s *■. i ■ i ■

Command ins! am alienfK>n'
AMUSTIot o .-;.-■■ ■,ersl When all the
BRIGHT GREEN IL C D ) LETTERS
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oil has been
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COMPUTER NOVELTY CORP

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FREEPORT. TEXAS 77^1
Irvlow Hft pod wit n nn ft** it
NAME.
SMTf J|P_

18 PEBRUARY/MARCH "83
cnmE renews REVIEWED BY MICHAEL HUH
Death in the
Caribbean High-resolution
Publisher: MicroFun screens, text descrip
2699 Skokie Valley Road
Highland Park, IL 60035 tions and a map ofthe
Medium: Disk
island help you pro
MJeath in the Caribbean is a graphic
adventure game in which you are a
gress in this graphic
treasure hunter exploring a desert is adventure game.
land, all the while avoiding potentially
fatal pitfalls. High-resolution screens,
informative text descriptions and a
map of the island are included to help
you chart your progress. The map il
lustrates the paths on the island and
all of the major landmarks, which in
clude an old church, a bottomless cre
vasse, an upside-down pyramid and
Voodoo Cave. The only area not
mapped out for you is Voodoo Cave;
that you must do yourself if you reach
it, Also, the map does not show you
specifically where any of the objects
that you need to find for protection ghost, you can save your game at any direction you would not expect. This
are located. point. This allows you to save those happens to save memory space; only
Changes in position are accom games in which you have not lost one high-resolution screen was made
plished by the touch of a key. Any of many weapons. Also, sinco each for each intersection. To lesson confu
the four compass directions or the screen takes about 15 seconds to sion about what direction you are
"L", "R", "F" and "B" keys (left, load, the save feature will save you a heading, use compass directions.
right, forward, backwards) can be lot of time in retracing your steps. This is especially true when investi
used to move around the island. If The only drawback of Death in the gating Voodoo Cave where the only
there is no path in the direction you Caribbean, other than the load delay directions given are compass
want, the program will simply inform and the pesky ghost, both of which headings.
you that a path does not lead in that can be minimized by using the save The text description is very impor
direction. If there is a path, the pro feature, is the absence of any sound. tant, not only because it informs you
gram will load and present a graphics Personally, however, I've grown ac of the direction you arc facing, but
screen along with a text description customed to screen-loading type because it may also give you hints
of the new location. games and as for the sound, I don't after you have died. For instance,
Because of the memory require think I could stand listening to a after dying at the anthill, you may
ments of the screens, Death in the sound menagerie during the long receive this message: "The hole was
Caribbean is contained on both sides hours spent laboring over the solu not covered. The ants got you." Now
of two disks Insert the correct disk tions to some of the screens. On the you know that you have to "cover"
and side at the appropriate time and whole, Death in the Caribbean is a the hole with something before you
press the space bar. The next screen great game that will keep you occu can pass by it.
will automatically load. The insertion pied for hours. The wagon is at the end of a path in
of a new side of a disk occurs at two the fust section. However, the path is
natural land divisions—at the cliff and Survival Kit not shown on the map. Without the
river and at Voodoo Cave. Tips for the Novice wagon, it is possible to carry only four
Two of the most unique features Carefully study both the high-reso items at a time. But don't forget that
are an unpredictable ghost and the lution screens and the descriptions of you can wear some of the items; an
ability to save your game in progress. them. Sometimes an item will be item you are wearing does not count
While playing Death in the Carib shown on the screen but won't be as one that you are carrying.
bean, a ghost will occasionally fly mentioned in the text description. One last hint: when you enter Voo
across the screen and try to steal your For example, frequently you will be doo Cave, a match will stay lit for
weapons. To offset the effects of the placed at an intersection facing in a three commands before going out! C
19
GflniE REUIEIUS RMEWKI) BY MARK COTOM-.
Popeye
Publisher: Peiksi Brothers
50 Dunham Road
He has a
Beverly. MA 01915
Medium: Disk chronic wink,
t year.Popeye, Nintendo's origi a honeydew
nal arcade game based on Segar's
characters, appeared and quickly
head and
captured a monster portion of player oversized,
popularity. Parker Brothers, realizing
the appeal of the contest, recently drooping
translated the hit for the Commodore
64. And credit is due to all of the
jowls. His
anonymous designers, for this pro forearms are
gram captures all the charm, excite
ment and challenge of its coin-op larger than
counterpart.
his biceps
Anyone familiar with Popeye car
toons or comics will immediately rec and his
ognize the game's theme, Popeye
loves Olive Oyl. Olive Oyl loves ever-present
Popeye and the local bully Brutus is
corn pipe
crazed with jealousy. All this is
wrapped around a game structure rarely burns.
that is a brilliant cross between the
gobbling-maze format and a climbing
He is the
contest.
homeliest,
Each of the three different screens
is comprised of four platforms on yet, perhaps
which the characters move about. Ol
ive stands atop these various stair
the most
way-connected ledges and tosses her
loved,
tokens of affection down to the
joystick-controlled Popeye. He then cartoon hero
must move from side to side, climb
ing and descending steps to catch
ofall time.
these objects, while avoiding the
emotionally-confused Brutus and his
envious comrades. If Popeye seizes all or squat and swat him if you loiter cock and release a blow, enabling
of Olive's offerings, he wins her ado below. your player to break oncoming bottles
ration and continues onto the next Finally, death may knock with an or grab an evasive can of spinach.
level. But he can be foiled in three empty beer bottle. Throughout the This vegetable acts as a power pill.
different ways. game, Brutus and his despicable part turning Popeye green and allowing
First, if any of tho falling keepsakes ner. Sea Hag, will try to polt Popeye him to taste revenge by pulverizing
reach the bottom of the screen and with their drained nonretumables; an Brutus. But this metamorphosis is
sink into the water below. Popeye for appropriate title for these unusual short lived and before you'll be
feits Olive's devotion and dies (of a weapons. One shot and it's lights out. scampering back to a defensive style.
broken heart, I suppose). But Popeye aiso has a few tricks up Because of the variety of possible
Brutus's touch must also be his short sleeves. He is the fastest of player strategies and the randomness
avoided. A mere tap from this blubber the onscreen characters, which will of the computer-controlled obstacles,
ball will send your Popeye to a quick allow for some skillful fleet-footed ma this game is fast moving, virtually
burial at sea. Don't be fooled, this neuvers if the situation becomes less patternloss and destined to become a
browbeating attacker may be obese, than comfortable. And he is allowed "let-me-try-just-one-more-time" clas
but he's also fairly agile. Although he to jump down any number of ledges sic.
won't jump from ledge to ledge like without harm, a useful trait when es One could not imagine Parker
the nimble double of arcade fame, he caping his lumbering enemy. Brothers matching the incredible ani
is limber enough to leap at Popeye's Also, our sailor packs his famed mation of the arcade version, but they
feet should you try to pass from above punch. A press of the firo button will do come close. Each character moves
20 FEBRUARY/MARCH 85 Continued on I'g, 22
NEW! A game of mystery and adventure
he year is 1900 and some of the most famous

of the Victorian era have gathered at Hampstead
Manor to lend their scholarly minds to solving
one of history's most fascinating mysteries: who is
Jack the Ripper? Scotland Yard has assigned you
to the case, and the latest series of cities lead you
to believe that the Ripper—in a feat ol' insane
ingenuity—stalks 1 lampstead Manor itself.
IPPEH! is an intriguing adventure with

audio and visual enhancements. Prowl
Hampstead Manor, exploring iis ancient halls,
collecting clues and hints, and meeting some of
history's famous people. But beware: if the Ripper
does indeed walk among diem, you must watch your
back as well!
IPPEH! is a solitaire game between you and your

microcomputer. Match your deductive skills with
Sherlock Holmes. Discover who ihe man is in the
straight jacket and why is that Doctor always
writing about dreams? Unravel the mystery
of the Giant Rat- Should you irust that
dwarf? The answers lie within RIPPER!
IPPER! is ready 10 run on the

Commodore (54® system with disk
drive. Available for 825 at leading
Computer and Hobby Stores
everywhere, or call toll-free:
1(800)1*58-9292 for more
detailed information. When
you call, please ask lor
Operator R
1 Trademark of Commodore Businras Machines
microcomputer games
DIVISION OF THE AVALON HILL GAM
GAME COMPANY
4;M7 Harford Road • Baltimore, Maryland 21214 • (301) I
Cucle Reader Service No. 6
GRITIE REUIEUI5
SUBSCRIBE NOW!
GETTING YOUR SEA LEGS
HINTS FOR THE NOVICE
• The maximum number of descending tokens which will appear on the
screen at the same time is seven. Try to grab your spinach only when the
onscreen objects approach this amount. This will allow you to take full
advantage of your temporary character change, which includes double
point value for all touched tokens.
• If two Sea Hags appear simultaneously at opposite ends of the same
platform on which your Popeye is currently stationed, move away from the
screen's center. When both baddies unleash their bottles, you want to be
able to bash them one at a time. If you were caught in the middle, you would
be faced with the dilemma of two projectiles reaching you at the same time;
Get the inside story a losing situation at best.

• Through-ledges are incorporated in the first and second screens. They
on Commodore allow you to wrap-around; that is move off either edge of the screen to
reappear on the opposite side. No other character is given this privilege, so
computers. you can use this tactic to draw Brutus away from an area you would like to
work in.
• On the Sweet Heart screen (Round #1), you will notice a small punch
ing bag located near the center, topmost part of the screen. Next to this is a
Use the bucket, which will fall straight down anytime the bag is hit. If Brutus is
directly beneath this snare, he will be momentarily trapped, allowing free
subscription card player movement around the screen. Use this device when Brutus is on the
enclosed. ledge directly underneath. Some players will try to gain points by attempt
ing to nail Brutus on the higher valued lower ledges. But this situation
occurs infrequently and more often than not, the pitfall is wasted or forgot
ten.
• On the Love Notes screen (Round #2), be wary of the possible perils of
COMMODORE 64 tm using Wimpy's see-saw. It's supposed to help Popeye in a tight situation by
allowing him Co spring up to higher levels. But when our sailor is rising
upward, he cannot punch, leaving him defenseless if he happens to confront
SQFTUUflRE Brutus or a bottle. Remember, always look before you leap.
• The H-E-L-P screen (Round #3), although designed to be the hardest of
the three screens, turns out to be the simplest. The setup looks intimidat
35 PRQGRflMS {DISK ONLY)

ing, since there is no through-ledge and very limited running room. But for
some odd reason, Brutus is bashful!
To conquer this round, simply move your player to the bottom ledge of the
$ is/as
boat and wait for Olive's descending cries. Although the tokens won't be as
valuable, you will remain virtually undaunted, aside from an occasional Sea
Hag or a wandering vulture. It appears as if our bully has developed an acute
plu* 92.00 ihipping and handling
(foreign, except Canada - S3.00)
case of hydrophobia, for he will rarely venture off of the second platform.
Don't be surprised if he spends the entire round pacing to and fro on the
TIid-,o ara •elected public domain upper ledge, oblivious of the heroics below,
programt dev#lopad especially for the
Continued from pg. 20
COMMODORE 64.
smoothly and is very recognizable. well aware of what's in store. And, if
GAMES. UTILITIES, The screens' backdrops and our hero tags him, he bounds wide-
BUSINESS. EDUCATION, playfields are beautifully designed, eyed from wall to wall before his final
GRAPHICS, & MUSIC with so many variables, you'll be dis splashdown at the screen's base
(DOCUMENTATION INCLUDED) covering fresh nuances with each Popeye is highly recommended for
reset. arcade lovers of all ages. The younger
•end check or monay order to The different background tunes audience will adore the cute charac
SMADA SOFTWARE which accompany each screen are ters, easy to follow documentation
light and likeable melodies, which and buffered violence, while the
P.O. BOX 1382
add to the game's rhythm and charm. seasoned arcader will enjoy the rapid-
Beilevue, NE. 68005
I especially enjoyed the visual and paced comical challenge in a contest
audio effect displayed when Popeye's that tests you from the start and re
COMMODORE B4 !■ • spinach puts him on the offensive. mains, as its namesake would imply,
Commodore Elmtr
The well-known theme song is cued strong to the finish.
Circle Reader Service No. 27 while Brutus flees in a frenzied sprint,
22 KKHRUAKV/MAKCH B5
Attention
Commodore Lofltl AMiinl- i»f
Computer
Owners
Super Di
Drive ■
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Looking for a versatile disk drive that efficiently interfaces with your Commodore-
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but two — the SD-1 and the SD-2 Super Disk Drives.
With the SD-1 Super Disk's 4K buffer memory, you can open more files at any one
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Call MSD today for more information or the location of the dealer or distributor
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SYSTEMS. INC.
10031 Monroe. Suite 206 Dallas. Texas 75229 (214) 357-4434

ramE reuieius REVIEWED BY MARK COTONE
StarTrek
Computer:Commodore 64
Publisher: Sega Enterprises. Inc. Sega'shome
360 N. Sepulveda Blvd
El Segundo, CA 90245 version of
Medium: Cartridge their Pay-
M.ho contest's theme is not new. In
For-Play Hit,
its primary form, it's no more than Star Trek:
another outer space blast-or-be-
blasted. But this recipe for success
Strategic
takes this leftover subject matter,
Operations
mixes in some imagination with a
pincli of novelty and creates an Simulator, j
attractive program that would be a
welcome addition to any computer's
captures all
library. ofthe
Much of the initial appeal of this
ma'.ch is the immediate feeling of in exciting
timacy Sega creates. By licensing the
Star Trek name, they hove given the
gameplay
gamo personality; where banal elec that
tric blips become familiar antagonists
to anyone who has ever seen the cor established
responding movie or television show.
the original
This depth endowment helps pull the
player into the battle, suspending his as an
superficial disbeliefs.
The idea here is to save the Feder addicting
ation from its most powerful enemy,
coin grabber.
the infamous Nomad. This adversary
has a nasty habit of littering the final
frontier with a never-ending supply of
deadly mines, making travel unsafe
for any space vehicle. Your assign
ment venture into this explosive field
and pulverize this elusive fiend with
out destroying yourself. It's a tough
job, even for a seasoned pilot after a minimal number of plays, it's check your position in relation to the
There are ten levels of progressive nice this creative approach to in Klongon vessels and your Starbases,
difficulty, consisting of five rounds structing. where you can revitalize all your
apiece. The Nomad confrontation oc The second fresh idea is in the drained energy supplies
curs during the final segment of each structure of the game screen itself, Finally, stretching across the entire
level. To get there, you must first fight To reign as victor at the helm of bottom half of your display, is a first
off four squadrons of various your Starship, there are several fac person cockpit view of the neighbor
marauding Klingons tors you must constantly monitor. ing universe. It's here where you
Some noteworthy designer innova Sega, with a design that will surely come eye to eye with your opponents:
tions arc apparent m the two out become the standard for future games supervising their extinction firsthand
standing features; one onscreen, the of this genre, has developed a split The instantaneous availability of all
other in-hand screen viewing system, allowing you the ship's vitals quickens the pace of
The latter is a device called a Com to keep tabs on all of your ship's vitals the conflict, calling on each potential
bat Control Panel. This sturdy plastic simultaneously. captain to make split-second battle
overlay fits snugly on most standard In the upper left portion of the decisions based on this ever-chang
joysticks and is intended to orientate screen are youi gauges. These track ing information. This, along with the
the novice captain with the Enter your score while minding the Enter variety of enemy craft—and the ran
prise's navigational functions. Al prise's defenses and weapons. domness of their positioning—
though most players will find these The top right section houses your heightens Star Trek's payability; re
controls easy enough to remember overhead radar, enabling you to quiring flexible strategy with each
24 [■■KHRUARY/MARCII'H.1; Continued on I'g. 26
Introducing PlayNet
C PLMHCT. INC 19M
PlayNet™ Brings People Together! Call PlayNet at

PlayMet brings you the excitement you've been wailing for your
computer to deliver. With PlayNet's unique system, you can communi 1-800-PLAYNET
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Meet fascinating people, make new friends, exchange private mes
sages, post public announcements, and play all our exciting games with SEND TO PLAYNET, IMC. 25
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PiayNet has many terrific games with full color graphics, and they re YES! 1 WANT PLAYNET TO PUT THE WHOLE COUNTRY AT MY
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Join The Telecommunications Revolutionl Bill me on my charge card for $34.95. No checks, cash or money
Only $2.00 An Hour On Line! orders accepted. Please send me the PlayNet Software, user
Now if you own a Commodore 64*, a disc drive, and any compatible manual, and 90 minutes of free on-line time.
modem like The Commodore VICMODEM', you can access PlayNefs
Please print.
wide range of services—Games, Bulletin Boards, Electronic Mail. File
Transfer and more. Here's all it costs:
Name
• $2.00 an hour on-line—less than a long distance phone
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The network that has people talking. •Commodore 6t an<l VICMODEW ate uodcmoikj of Commodore BuilmH MocWnts Inc.
REUIEUJS Continued from I'g. 24
reset. But like all our fantasy voyages, this

And lest anyone think that this space trip will inevitably come to an
FREE PC BOOK contest is simply a cerebral exercise,

one game will quickly remind you
end. Whether you are overpowered by
a frantic pack of Klingon attackers or
that this encounter was born and a friendly call to the dinner table,
raised in the arcades. Lightning re there will come a time when your
flexes, agile hands and an itchy trig joystick will be placed down and you
ger finger will undoubtedly increase will be forced to move from your cock
Or*.*, in iShup rir yout score. pit ... uh. I mean, chair. And this is
MM 1B*HC, fO"TP< nrf mpthlM l.-yuig.
Add to this the coin-op polish of where 1 would like to make my final
tones and tunes which barrage the observation.
urn *ai* tW hU
player and compliment the enemy As a young man gets older, his toys
onslaughts. Plus, if you're skilled also get bigger and much harder to
enough to demolish Nomad, you'll be transport.
treated to a short computerized rendi Does anyone know where 1 can get
tion of that familiar theme song. A a pair of kangaroo-style jeans''
true Trekkie delight
HJlllSHlHO. IhC
FA'VIHI OmI V13A.HC
t» i*_M«u kM ■« HIM ai
(fcjDMf uu hH m p^ •h44.
EARNING YOUR WINGS
AID FOR THE ANXIOUS TYRO
The four-page instruction booklet ton Torpedo and Phaser Strikes. The
Circle Reader Service No. 16 that comes packaged with Sega's first-person viewer might be more ap
Star Trek: Strategic Operations Simu pealing visually, but it's only use in
lator cartridge, dedicates a section on combat situations is in fine-tuning a
helpful hints to be used during your shot.
early missions. Read it over carefully; • Warp Drive is an overlooked
it's a solid foundation on which to weapon. The Enterprise cannot be
build your own player technique, hurt in any way while this instrument
Below, I've listed some pointers is engaged. This not only acts as a
which expand on the tips that have great defensive plus, but can be used
already been provided. in an aggressive manner—to ram op
• Klingon Encounters—There are posing craft!
COMPUTEREYES two types of Klingon vessels and each • Never take the time out to chase
should be dealt with in its own fash an anti-matter Saucer. Their main
VIDEO JMAGES ON YOUR COMMODOPEr
' "Lilly - .n mfqi ion: purpose in this contest is to distract
The Blue Klingon—These cruisers you and they can do a good job of it.
will position themselves in an at Don't be lured. Challenge them only
tempt to destroy your Starbases, when they become threatening to the
ignoring the Enterprise until their well-being of your ship,
task is completed. Attack these • The instruction booklet claims
ships first. This will secure your that both Klingon models will turn
valuable bases and help clear the white and ram the Enterprise when
cluttered battlefield as you move your Starbases have been destroyed.
into your next assault. Forget it. After dozens of hours play
The Grey Klingon—These antago ing this contest, that transition lias
nists seek to demolish your ship yet to occur. The Blue ship will turn
with Plasma Energy Orbs. Aftei Grey, but it will only take on that col
annihilating the Blue Klingons, try or's characteristics and nothing more.
to draw these remaining cruisers And, while we're on the subject,
into clusters for destruction with a this booklet also states that, as Cap
■ ■IIIIIID1GIT0L solo Photon Torpedo. Or, if a single tain, you will have to pick youi way
DIGITAL VISION, INC. opponent is remaining, circle be "through perilous fields of asteroids
14 Oak Street — Suite 2 hind it. The Klingon ships are slug and blazing meteors." Although it
Neednam, MA 02192
1617)444-9040
gish when trying to track you in sounds like quite a challenge, I
this manner, leaving themselves wouldn't sweat it. These space rocks
vulnerable to your Phaser fire. are nonexistent and are never con
Circle Reader Service No. 14 • When engaged in battle, use fronted in this rendition of the game.
your radar screen to line up your Pho
26 I-EBKUARY/MAKCH'85
YOUR COMMODORE 64
CAN NOW USE STANDARD
APPLE II+HARDWARE
AND SOFTWARE
SO: APPARAT MICROPRO

-ARCH STONEWAR i
VIICROSOFT
ORVUS
XAN , -
WITH THIS
At Mimic we believe that you and your computer should
dictate the choices of hardware and software you can use.
■ ■
The Spartan™ was developed to allow you to choose the
hardware and software that best suits your needs.
Our goal in designing the Spartan'" was simple. A
To take what you already have and give you more.
Mimic Systems is proud to give you the SpartantM

The Apple'" II + emulator for the Commodore 64™
Spartan™ Suggested Retail Prices:

The Spartan'" (includes BUSS. CPU, and DOS cards) S599.00
FOR INFORMATION WRITE:
BUSS card S299.00
MIMIC SYSTEMS INC.
CPU card (requires BUSS card) SI99.00 1 1 12 FORT ST.,. FL..6B
VICTORIA, B.C.
DOS card (requires BUSS and CPU card) SI99.00 CANADA V8V AM 2
[All prices In U.S. Funds. Freight not Included.)
American Express. Visaona McsterCard acceptea.
CommodQr«6d ond Corrirnodoro 1090 arnfraaemoru of Commodes H*ctron<ct IW and or To Order Call:
ComrTKHiore6ullr»eisMocNnMlnc Applo'K- II 0 tradomnrk or Apple CompJTer. l<ic
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md«r hcsfU* gronred tiy A1G EiacCronct inc of vicTono.BC. Canada [663-8527)
reuieuis REVIEWED BY JEFF SEIKEN
Seven Cities of
Included in this game
Gold
of exploration is a ten-
Publisher: Electronic Arts
2755 Campus Drive
page manual filled
San Mateo. CA 94403 with atmosphere-set
Medium: Disk
ting illustrations, play
.Electronic Arts' The Seven Cities of
Gold is set in the era of exploration ing tips, historical
and exploitation of the New World. A
solitaire game. Seven Cities trans
notes and a bibliogra
forms the player into a Spanish ex
plorer leading an expedition across
phy with suggestions lage. Scurrying
companied
natives appear, ac
by an ominous
tho Atlantic Ocean into the uncharted for further reading. background drumbeat which is an in
dicator of the natives' attitude. As the
expanse of the western continents.
Seven Cities comes packaged in tempo of the drum beat increases, so,
the usual Electronic Arts double- and the month and year. Additionally, too, does the natives' hostility.
sleeved album and features striking the player can transfer to an alterna The expedition, represented by the
cover art—a reproduction of a 17th- tive screen showing latitude and a figure of a single Conquistador, be
century Spanish painting depicting a map of all explored areas within a gins at the outskirts of the settlement.
dramatic encounter between natives 960-mile square. In order to trade with the natives, the
and conquistadors on the shores of On land, most expeditions can player must guide the Conquistador
the Gulf of Mexico. Included with the carry no more than an eight-weok across the scrolling grounds of the vil
disk and reference card is a ten-page supply of food, thus limiting the dis lage and locate the native chief, who
manual filled with atmosphere-set tance an explorer can stray from his resides in the village center. How
ting illustrations, playing tips and his ships. Expeditions have three possi ever, contact between the Conquista
torical notes. The manual even ble rates of land travel—cautious, dor and any of the native figures
provides a bibliography with sugges moderate or reckless—each of which results in the immediate elimination
tions for further reading. The docu involves a correspondingly greater of the native, thereby adding to the
mentation, written in the form of risk of party attrition due to disease hostility of the remaining villagers.
advice to explorers, is generally suffi and accidents. The local geography Hostile tribes, or even simply curious
cient—though purposefully vague in further affects an expedition's move ones, tend to crowd around the Con
many areas, to reserve the joy (and ment speed. In the New World, ex quistador. Thus, gaining an audience
frustration) of discovering the specif plorers stumble across all sorts of with the native chief often requires a
ics for the user. vegetation and terrain, from lush bit of arcade-like maneuvering with
Seven Cities begins in Spain. In a green forests to tremendous moun the joystick on the player's part. To
richly colored, animated sequence, tain ranges. Besides influencing pacify the natives and open a path
the player guides his explorer via movement, distinctive terrain fea through their ranks, the player may
joystick through the streets of a Span tures also serve as important land also wish to dispense gifts or attempt
ish city toward the waterfront. For the marks. Since an explorer will never to amaze the village with feats of
beginning explorer, the Crown has al know more than his latitude, the use technology.
ready assembled an expedition at the of landmarks to avoid getting lost be Once the chief agrees to trade,
quay. All that a novice explorer needs comes necessary. Rivers, in particu goods can be exchanged for food and
to do is board his ships and set sail. lar, are valuable avenues of gold. Only by gaining food from na
Once an expedition departs Spain, exploration in a world devoid of roads. tive villages will an expedition be able
movement takes place across a Of course, the New World was new to venture far from its ships without
scrolling map in the center of the only to the Europeans and, in fact, fear of running out of supplies. Native
screen delineating an area of approxi contained the seats of some of the bearers may also bo taken on,
mately 120 miles. A white compass oldest civilizations known to man. permitting greater quantities of food
represents the expedition's position Natives in Seven Cities are found only and gold to be transported. Explorers
on the map and direction of move in settlements, ranging from the of a more martial frame of mind have
ment is controlled witli the joystick. crude huts of simple hunting tubes to a second option apart from trade that
The computer screen also displays in the great stone pyramids of the Az can be adopted when dealing with
formation concerning the status of tecs and Incas. When an expedition natives-—conquest! Expeditions can
the party (number of men, weeks of encounters a settlement, the screen take what they want from defeated
food remaining), its current environs presents a blow-up of the native vil native villages and can also set up
28 KEBRUARV/MAKCH '85 Continued on i'y. :io

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CnitlEREUIELUS Continued from Pg, 28
forts and missions by leaving some riously treacherous bunch.)

men behind, The main drawback to Seven Cities includes three levels
this approach, besides the cost of The documentation, of play: novice, journeyman and mas
men killed in battle, is that it in
creases the hostility of neighboring
written in the form of ter The latter two levels add a consid
erable number of pitfalls that can trip
villages and makes the
susceptible to native ambushes.
expedition
advice to explorers, is up an unsuspecting expedition. Men
may panic in battle, food may spoil or
As the name The Seven Cities of purposely vague in ships may founder on unseen shoals,
Gold implies, it is gold which lies at Expedition time also increases an ex
the heart of most explorers' desires. many areas to reserve pedition's rate of food consumption.
Gold can be found in villages and in Furthermore, villages do not auto
the numerous hidden gold mines the joy (and frustra matically appear on the screen unless
sprinkled throughout the New World.
Native bearers will divulge the loca
tion) of discovering the they are first detected or an expedi
tion has a native to guide them.
tion of some mines, but the others will
have to be discovered through careful
specifics for the user. In addition to variable levels of ex
pertise, Seven Cities contains one
exploration (and frequently blind other, very significant option—a
luck). Back in Europe, gold can be first snowfall, and back again to green world generation system. After a
used to outfit larger expeditions as as spring approaches. Of course, player completes the exploration of
well as to establish the explorer's pri these seasonal changes vary accord the historic New World, the computer
vate fortune. ing to latitude, too. Likewise, the will create worlds truly deserving of
Once a player feels that his expedi amount of food available in the native the denomination "new." However,
tion has accomplished enough for one villages depends on the season and these "New Worlds," as the manual
voyage, he may return to Spain and to the village's location. Besides the ex is careful to point out, are not simply
the accolades of an adoring public. cellent graphics and animation, random associations of terrain and
There, he must pay a visit to the Pal Seven Cities also makes nice use of native villages. The computer builds
ace, where the Court will rate his re the 64's sound capabilities, respond each world according to geological
cent performance, bestow titles of ing with the appropriate musical and cultural principles. Only in the
honor upon those judged worthy, and themes, sound effects and fanfare. exploration of one of the computer-
possibly issue loans to finance further Gaining a degree of proficiency in generated worlds will a player experi
expeditions. Be forewarned, though, Seven Cities is mostly a matter of ence some of the true sense and
the Court is a harsh judge. After a experience. However, some general wonder of discovery that must have
voyage lasting several years in which do's and don't's may prove helpful. overwhelmed the historical explorers
I had explored over 33% of the New First and foremost, do not get lost. of the 15th century.
World and brought back the spoils of Always anchor your ships near a land When Columbus originally left
two rich mines, the Court rated my mark, preferably the mouth of a river Spain in 1492, he hoped to discover a
performance as merely fair and dis and always check the latitude before short sea route to the lucrative spice
missed me from the Palace. moving ashore. When venturing in markets of the Indies. Of course, he
Once in Spam, an explorer can also land, again use landmarks, rivers and did not succeed in his intentions, al
visit his home, in which can be found tho latitude as your guide. Should the though he first thought otherwise.
a summary and map of all his discov unmentionable occur and you find Ironically, this also happens to be
eries to date, and the Outfitters, yourself unsure of your location, head Seven Cities' chief fault: the game
where the necessities for new expedi towards the coast. Regaining your lacks a certain amount of spice. Once
tions can be purchased. Finally, at the bearings by following the coastline is a player gains familiarity with Seven
Pub, a player can preserve his past much easier than wandering the inte Cities, the mechanics of movement,
discoveries (i.e., save the game) in a rior looking for a familiar sight. exploration and dealings with the na
commendably painless manner sim Secondly, the Court tends to frown tives often become more repetitious
ply by pressing a function key, wait upon a policy of excessive violence than exciting.
ing 15 seconds, and then—if he so toward the natives. Nonetheless, if Perhaps what is needed are a few
desires—continue playing with no the blood of Cortes boils too greatly in more options in handling native en
need to reboot the disk. your veins, it is best to enter a village counters, as well as the occurrence of
Seven Cities contains a number of under friendly pretenses and seek an. more frequent random events—some
features that can best be described as audience with the chief. Once the harmful, some beneficial and others of
chrome; though not integral to the Conquistador confronts the chief, slay mere nuisance value—to add variety.
game, they do enhance player enjoy him and then do battle with the rest In spite of the lack of spice, though,
ment and help create a feel for the of the natives. With their chief gone, playing The Seven Cities of Gold does
game's subject in the player's mind most villages generally put up a half have an addictive quality. Moreover,
For example, as the seasons change, hearted fight before capitulating. a game which presents us with both
so does the color of the vegetation, (Note that there is much historical the old and new worlds to explore and
from green to brown marking the arri precedence for a maneuver such as conquer, makes us unapprociative if
val of autumn, then to white with the this—the Conquistadors were a noto we ask for more. C
30 FEBRUARY/ MARCH '85

Commodore 64"
Disk $24.95
REALISTIC AIRCRAFT RESPONSE

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"Has a Quality of realism which "This is the best typing tutor
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CHH1E REUIEUIS REVIKWKI) I!V ROBERT BAKEK
The Pharaoh's
Curse To succeed
Computer: Commodore 64 in stealing
Publisher: Synapse Software
5221 Centra! Avenue the treasures,
Richmond, CA 94804
Medium: Disk you'll have
iJomewhere in the swirling sands of
to move
the Sahara stands a secret tomb that
has stood for centuries undisturbed,
quickly to
unknown and unentered. An ancient slip past
pharaoh lies buried within the vast
twisting underground chambers. His the sentries
treasures of gold, art and jewel-en
crusted sacred scarabs all lie with and death
him in the untouched chambers of
the crypt.
traps that riddle the passages
The pharaoh vowed before his
death that he and his hideous min The traps of the tomb were subtly not a crown then it's an arrow and
ions of the underworld must protect crafted by the architects of old. They you'll lose a life instead.
the treasure from ail who dare defile are tripped by the slightest pressure There are 16 treasures scattered
the timeless tomb. You've spent and cause you to lose one of your throughout the chambers. As with
months finding the ruins and finally many lives. There are elevators and the keys and other objects, treasures
you're here above the fabled spot. As ropes throughout the chambers that are claimed by touching them with
you descend into the first chamber help you move from level to level. Just your player. As each treasure is cap
you hear footsteps. You'll have to be careful before stepping on what tured, one of the 16 markers at the top
move quickly to slip past the sentries you think is an elevator, it may also be of the screen is removed. Thus you
and death traps that riddle the pas a trap. If you step on at the wrong can keep track of the number of trea
sages in order to steal the treasures time you'll be burnt to a crisp. sures left within the tomb. As an
before you perish. The winged avenger flies through added bonus, you're awarded an ex
As you start this real-time adven the very walls of stone, stalking every tra life for each treasure found. You
ture, you appear above the pyramid corner of the crypt. He won't harm start the game with a limited number
and go down into the first chamber you directly, but he will clutch you in of lives and add or lose lives as you
using the joystick to control your play his talons and carry you off into the go. The game ends when you lose
er's movements. You can walk by dark recesses of the tomb. Sometimes your last life or find the last treasure.
moving the joystick directly left or this can be a real help, but usually you The function keys let you select
right or jump by moving it diagonally wind up somewhere you'd rather not game options and start the game.
left or right Pushing the joystick be. If you're a sharpshooter, you can There are three levels of game play,
straight forward causes your player to shoot the bird and protect yourself. but you'll need the secret word before
jump up or climb. Don't worry about There are various keys scattered being allowed to play the more diffi
falling, you wont be hurt. within the tomb that unlock hidden cult games. To learn the secret words
The pharaoh stalks the chambers passages. In order to claim the keys, you'll need to complete the lower dif
eternally. He is beyond death, yet you you must make contact with them. ficulty levels successfully. It all
may stop and dematenalize him tem Once you've picked up a key, it will sounds simple enough but it really
porarily by shooting him. The pha- stay with you until you unlock the takes time and practice. The pharaoh
raoh's mummy is sworn to his service matching door. Some of the passages built his tomb well.
and searches the crypt for intruders are only convenient shortcuts while This is really an exceptional game
who would steal his master's prizes. others offer the only access to a par on the Commodore 64, with excellent
He too walks eternally but can be ticular area of the crypt. graphics and sound. The play action
dematcrialized temporarily. To fire Other objects will occasionally ma is very good and relatively easy to
btilloLs at either of tho sentries, you terialize within the time during the handle. The game is simple to play
simply press the fire button and push quest Touching a crown will endow but challenging for gamesters of all
the joystick in the direction you wish you with an additional life. Since the ages. As with other Synapse games, a
to shoot. Be sure to get in the first obiects appear only for a short time, short sample of the game is available
shot, though, since both will shoot at you have to move quickly when you on a separate demo disk or as a demo
you once they're within range. see them. Be careful, though, if it's on other game disks from Synapse. C
32 I-'EHRUARY/MARCH'SS
Required Reading for
yPHECOMMODORE 64
TRICKS ft TIPS FOR YOUR C-64 ANATOMY OF 1541 DISK DRIVE - PEEKS & POKES FOR THE C-64 -
treasure cries! ot easy-to-use programming techni ' bestselling handbook available on using the (loppy programming quickies that will simply amaze you.
ques. Advanced graphics, easy data input, enhanced disk Clearly explains disk files with many examples This guide is packed full of techniques (or the BASIC
BASIC, CP/M. character sets, transferring data bet and utilities. Includes complete commented 1541 programmer.
ween computers, more. ROM listings. ISEUJ« 0-916439-13-5 1B0 pages $14.95
ISBN* D-916439-03-8 275 pages S19.95 ISBN* 0-916439-01-1 3ZD pages S19.95
ADVANCED MACHINE LANGUAGE
GRAPHICS BOOK FOR C-64 - ANATOMY OF COMMODORE 64 ■
FOR C-64 - covers topics such as video con
fundamentals to advanced topics this is most com insider's guide to the 64 internals. Describes
troller, timer and real time clock, serial and parallel
plete reference available. Sprite animation. Hires, graphics, sound synthesis, I/O. kernal routines,
I/O. extending BASIC commands, interrupts. Dozens
Multicolor, lightpen. IRQ, 3D graphics, projections more. Includes complete commented ROM listings,
of sample listings.
Dozens of samples. Fourth printing.
ISBN* 0-916439-06-2 210 pages $14.96
ISBN/; 0-916439-05-4 350 pages S19.95 ISBN* 0-916439-003 300 pages S19.95
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING ON IDEAS FOR USE ON YOUR C-64 - ADVENTURE GAMEWRITER'S
THE C-64 - starts by discussing variable types, Wonder what to do with your '64? Dozers of usetul HANDBOOK - is a step-by-step guide to
computational accuracy, sort algorithms, more. ideas including complete listings for auto expenses, designing and writing your own adventure games.
Topics from chemistry, physics, biology, electronic calculator, store window advertising, Includes listing (or an automated adventure game
astronomy, electronics. Many programs. recipe file, more. generator.
ISBN* 0-916439-09-7 250 pages S19.95 ISBNS 0-916439-07-0 ZOO pages S1Z.95 ISBN* 0-916439-14-3 200 pages $14.95
Call today for the name of your nearest local dealer Phone:(616) 241-5510
flthpr titles arp availnhlo rail nr For P°s'age and handling include S4.00 ($6 00 foreign! per order. Money order |BL.|[«—« ^5Pi
ULliei Lines die rtVdlldUie, Ldl Ul and checks in U.S. dollars only Masiercaid, VISA and American Express accepled ■UL _J, I
Write tor a Complete free Catalog. Michigan residents include 4% sales la*. CANADA: Book Center. Montreal Phone; (514) 332-4154
1 1
Software
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REUIEIU5 REVIEWED 11V TED SAL\MONE
Star Ranger
Publisher: Commodore Business
Machines
1200 Wilson Drive
West Chester, PA 19380
Medium: Cartridge
Vnee Star Rangor is booted up, the

game automatically enters a demo
routine. Watch it, study it, do what
you must, but learn the characteris
tics of each of the colorful attackers,
because it may take some time for
even the most adept gamers to reach
the final sections in the "arcade"
level of difficulty.
Neophytes can pilot the lecon
scout ship in the "play" or "trainee"
versions to become more familiar
with the joystick control, enemy as
sault patterns and required survival
tactics. The "play" level doesn't tally
the score and gamers have an unlim
ited supply of vessels at their dis
posal. In addition, the enemy doesn't
even shoot back! Now it's time to take your first solo of the arc from a point outside of their
"Trainees" are given a fleet of five flight. Once you are out of the space weapon's range and you'll turn the
craft, as well as a crack at the port, the Nasties make their appear tide of battle.
Moonbase, a cavern-like area filled ance. Moving in from the screen Invisons. unfortunately for you, be
with treacherous access routes and edges, one variety homes right in on come invisible for protection against
numerous man-made obstacles. Suc your craft, With several on-screen at your firepower. Unfortunately for
cessful completion does not, how any given time, the action can get them, they must reappear to attack.
ever, advance home arcaders to a pretty hairy, especially the first cou Mark their last location and direction
more difficult level of play. Instead, ple of times around. of travel so you can time your shots to
the trainee round repeats indefinitely. Once over those obstacles, a green arrive at the place and time they
The true test of skills lies in the alien comes out with a Hollywood- reappear. It's a challenge.
"arcade" version. As in the trainee style take-card to identify the next The asteroid field looks a bit
level, a full set of attackers (Nasties, wave of attackers. This allows a brief shabby after the excellent multi
Bombers, Cibihans and Invisons) intermission to adjust things like fir colored sprites which make up the
makes its intentions known. But once ing stance or to grab a swig of the enemy and the Star Ranger itself. The
you get past these hurdles, the aster long neglected soda. For more in graphics do, however, pick up again
oid field must be negotiated and a volved breaks, you can freeze the inside the Moonbase.
delicate docking performed at the game up to three times by hitting the Sound is basically limited to realis
Moonbase. The reward: advance Fl key. The limitation is a nice touch tic explosions, though a short musical
ment to harder levels of play. because it eliminates possible abuse interlude does play before the game
Luckily, this increase in difficulty of the pause feature. starts. Thruster burn and the sizzle of
levels doesn't continue exponentially. The Bombers lay space mines high energy weapons enlivens this.
Six is tops, for as long as you can hold which look like cut gems. They ap With multi-tier scoring options and
out. (Six is also the number of players pear to be semi-precious aqua well-rounded bonus routine, players
that can compete simultaneously.) marines, judging by their intriguing can earn enough points to add to the
Sensitive joysticks, like the Pride color scheme. Needless to say, con fleet of armed recon ships, vital to the
(ex-Amiga) Power-Stick and the tact is very deadly. freedom of the galaxy.
Comrex CR-301, are recommended Probably the most difficult to defeat Smooth action, adequate audio ef
for all but the Moonbase stage. The are the Cibolians, rapid firing, highly fects, above average sprites and a lot
latter requires a controller that has mobile creatures which spit fire from of challenge; all these combine to
more oomph. Any of the Coin Con all angles. Stay high on the screen make Star Ranger a worthy addition
trols Competition-Pro sticks will do and do a quick dive-and-pullout to to every game library. C
just fine for that stage. destroy them. Fire at the lowest part
34 KEURUARV/MARCH '85
Makeyour '64
work fniltime
MAKE YOUR OWN CHARTS... CHART YOUR OWN STOCKS...
CHARTPAK-64 »«les._coit._ total exp « »ci pironr TAS-64
produces professional * sophisticated technical
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DETAIL YOUR DESIGNS... DO YOUR OWN WORD PROCESSING

CADPAK-64 TEXTOMAT-64
superb lightpen design
flexible worprocessing
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object using our Accu-
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Point positioning. Has
tal scrolling. Commands
two complete screens.
are clearly displayed on
Draw LINES, BOXes.
the screen awaning your
CIRCLES, ELLIPSES;
choice. Quickly move from
pattern FILLmg; Ireehand 1115Ctufuttr-Jidfd dtsijn Hi»MtBB editing to formatting to
DRAW; COPY sections
merging to utilities. Will
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to popular do! matrix printers. ISBNS 0-916439-18-6 S49.95 ter. ISBN# 0-916439-12-7 S39.95
CREATE SPREADSHEETS & GRAPHS. ORGANIZE YOUR DATA...

POWER PLAN-64 Cnnrflirmt: u\« P0W« ClU-tl DATAMAT-64
INVENTORY
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1 Bill Oran 18.1 a.? design ol screen using
page manual has tutorial Location
up to 50 fields per
section and HELP screens 0 113.3
1
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i 2000 records per
Features field protection; I latirUII 9.1 t.l diskette. Complete and CQ«t
lext formatting, windowing; 10 OH m 1,0 LI flexible reporting. Sort
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13 10.) 10.7 ting in desired format. ISBN# 0-916439-16-X S39.95
ISBN* 0-916439-22-4
$49.95 13 sa.o 41.9
li Other llllst aviltabla. For FREE CATALOG and namt ol ncarcs! dealer, writs or call (li!(i)
17 Profit 35.1 ii a 241-5510. For pcslage and handling, include S4 00 |S6 00 foreign) ner order Money Older
and checks in U S dollars only Maslercard. VISA jnu American E.press accepled Micninjn
FREE PEEKS A POKES POSTER WITH SOFTWARE residents include 4% sales lai
For name & address of your nearest dealer call (616) 241-5510 CAKA!)ft Flcuk Ccniirr, Montreal |514) 332-J154 : "n
Software
You Can Count On
P.O. Box 7211 Grand Rapids, Ml 49510 - Telex 709-101 - Phone 616/241-5510
GRIM REUIEUU5 REVIEWED BY ROBERT BAKER
Puzzle Mania
Publisher: Readers Digest
PleasamviUe, NY 10570
Medium: Disk
Muzzle Mania adds an interesting

twist to computer graphics by letting
you create and solve jigsaw puzzles
on your home computer. There are
seven puzzles supplied on disk and
each puzzle can be solved at any of
six difficult levels. Easy levels give
you something to start with, help if
you need it and only a few pieces to
insert. Harder levels have more
pieces, a limited number of tries or a
time limit.
In all levels of play, your total num
ber of tries is recorded so you can
compete either with others or just
yourself. If you don't get time to com
plete a puzzle, you can save what
you've done on disk and finish it later.
The best part is that Puzzle Mania is tries for each piece. within the picture area.
more than solving pre-fab puzzles; After selecting the puzzle and a Each puzzle is the full 40-column
not only can you change the existing level of difficulty, you'll see a list of screen width, but only 19 lines high.
puzzles, but you can create your own. instructions for solving the puzzle. As you use the cursor keys to move
The Puzzle Mania screen directions The cursor keys are used to move a the cursor, the current position will be
are easy to follow, with additional de piece up, down, left and right as you indicated at the bottom of the screen.
tailed information provided in the try to position the piece in the puzzle. While you are painting, the selected
manual. Functions are selected from Other keys let you turn a piece color will appear as you move the
simple command menus until you're around, get another piece, look at the cursor. If a graphic character is se
actually solving a puzzle If you forget entire picture, get help with position lected, that character will be dis
what the commands are, you can al ing, switch the sound effects on or off played at each location in the
ways return to the menus for help. or return to the menu. When you selected color.
The first menu to appear after you think a piece is correctly positioned, You can even make a puzzle from
load the program lists the main func you simply press the space bar and any standard character mode graphic
tions. You can choose a puzzle to the sound effects will quickly let you found on disk or from a picture you
solve, finish a puzzle you saved or know if you're right or wrong. have created. You don't need to start
create your own. When choosing a While solving a puzzle, you can al with the Puzzle Mania program to
puzzle, another menu shows a list of ways return to the puzzle mini-menu. make a puzzle; just follow the easy
the seven standard puzzles to pick From that menu, you can ask for help step-by-step instructions at the end
from, as well as an option to get a with positioning a piece, see the of the manual.
puzzle from another disk. instructions again, look at the entire The program controls and menu
After the puzzle is selected, an picture or see more menu options. options provided make the program
other menu lets you select the desired The additional options let you save extremely simple to use. Just be sure
difficulty level. Each puzzle has 32 the current puzzle, paint in changes, to follow the menu step by step, be
pieces and the least difficult level or stop and return to the main menu. cause often you cannot go back. My
leaves nine pieces for you to insert. When you're tired of the supplied only disappointment with the entire
Higher levels leave 18, 22, and finally puzzles, you can paint in changes to package was the fact that the high-
all 32 pieces to be found, On all of those puzzles or create your own puz resolution graphic capabilities of the
these levels, help is available. When zle from scratch. The menu for creat 64 were not used. The character
requested, a red dot will show you ing puzzles lets you select a new color graphics are much less impressive
where the piece belongs, but you'll or graphic character, fill a large area and make positioning some pieces
still have to find the correct orienta of the puzzle or replace an existing more guesswork than skill. As a
tion. The two highest difficulty levels color in the picture. You can also start whole, though, the package is well
do not offer help and only allow and stop painting or switch to text done with excellent documentation. C
limited time and a limited number of mode to type in character strings
Break the
language barrier
VIDEO BASIC-64 • ADO 50+ graphic and ADA TRAINING COURSE - teaches XREF-64 - indispensible tool for BASIC pro
sound commands to your programs with this super you the language of the future. Comprehensive grammer cross-references all references to variable
development package. You can distribute Iree RUN subset of the language, editor, syntax and line numbers
TIME version without paying royalties! checker/compiler, assembler, disassembler, 120+ ISBN* 0-916439-27-5 $17.95
ISBN" Q-916439-26-7 S59.95 page guide.
ISBN* 0-916439-15-1 $59.95 OTHER TITLES ALSO AVAIL
BASIC COMPILER 64 - compiles the
ABLE - WRITE OR CALL FOR A
complete BASIC language into either fast 6510 FORTRAN-64 - based on Fortran 77. Com
FREE COMPLETE CATALOG
machine language and/or compact speedcode. Gel mon. Data, Dimension, Equivalence. External. Im
Call today for the name and address of
your programs into high gear and protecl them by plicit. Goto, Else II, Do, Continue. Stop. Subroutine,
your nearest local dealer,
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ISBN* Q-916439-1T-B $39.95 ISBN/f 0-916439-29-1 $39.95 PHONE: (616) 241-5510
C LANGUAGE COMPILER • a full C For postage and handling include $4.00
MASTER-64 -professional development
language compiler. Conforms to the Kemighan & (56.00 foreign) per order. Money order and
package lor serious applications. Indexed file
Ritchie standard, but without bit fields. Package in checks in U.S. dollars only. Mastercard,
system, lull screen management, programmer's
cludes editor, compiler and linker. VISA and American Express accepted.
aid. BASIC extensions, 100 commands.
ISDN/,' 0-B16439-ZB-3 S79.95 Michigan rodents
ISBN* 0-916439-21-6 $39.95 VISA'
inc!4% sales tax.
ASSEMBLER MONITOR-64 -a
PASCAL-64 ■ lull Pascal with extensions for macro assembler and extended monitor package
graphics, sprites, file management, more. Compiles Assembler supports floating point constants
1o 6510 machine code and can link to FREE PEEKS & POKES WALL
Monitor supports bank switching, quick trace, single
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ISBN* 0-916439-10-0 $39.95 ISBN* 0-916439-11-9 $39.95 EVERY SOFTWARE PURCHASE
You Can Count On
Software
■ I ■ • ■
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P.O. Box 7211 Grand Rapids, Ml 49510 - Telex 709-101 - Phone 616/241-5510
J0V5TICK LUnnTIC BY STEVE F1NKEI.
The Joystick Lunatic

Home Gamer Workout
ieople are often born to be great Benefits of this exercise: from your body at a 90-degree angle.
artists Picasso was. Van Gogh was. • You can make sure no one is Swiftly bring your hand to your fore
Rembrandt was born to be two great sneaking up on you while you head. Accentuate this exercise by
artists, which possibly explains his play. shouting an expression of dismay or
rather impressive girth. • If you chew tobacco, you can disappointment.
Even with their natural gifts, these place a spitoon behind you so Benefits of this exercise1
men had to undergo rigorous training you won't have to worry about • People will know that you take
to fulfill their destinies. It's the same getting tobacco juice on your your gaming seriously.
with great athletes, great chefs, great monitor screen. • Any flies that are buzzing around
actors and actresses (except for those your forehead will fall victim to
Exercise #2: Ear Closing
who write workout books), great mu your well practiced motion. (Be
sicians and even great gamers. It's sure to wash your forehead well
dedicated practice—working out ev after this application.)
ery day—that transforms a simply tal
ented person into an outstanding Exercise #4: Forearm Swing
achiever in his or her field.
Look at your hands ... notice the
palms, the fingers (five) and the way
you can manipulate them. It's as if
your hand were created to hold a
joystick. Your eyes ... stare straight
ahead, look left, then right... perfect
for following aliens around the screen.
Reflexes are important also . . walk Store straight ahead Ignore all
out into traffic from between two sound. Ignore the sound with your left
parked cars .. . see what quick and ear. Ignore the sound with your right
sure reactions you have! It's obvious ear. Ignore with both ears. If you can
Cup your four fingers together and
that you were intended to be a gamer, read lips, close your eyes as well.
touch your thumb to your middle fin
and you have the potential to be a Benefits of this exercise: ger, forming a ring with your hand
great one. All you need to do is hone • Allows you to focus your concen Keeping your elbow at your side,
and strengthen those natural abilities tration solely on the game at move your forearm left and right, front
with the exercises in this guide. hand. and back, while maintaining the
• Helps you completely ignore ev same hand position.
Exercise #1: Loosening Up
erything that's going on around Benefits of this exercise:
you, such as noise from your • Improves flexibility and control
competitor, children crying, of joystick.
dogs barking, munitions fac • When practiced in movie the
tories exploding, etc. aters, you won't have to worry
Exercise #3: Forehead Slap about people (particularly moth
ers with young children)
crowding you.
Exercise #5; Breathing
Turn your head slightly to the left.

Then turn your head slightly to the
right. Now turn your head even fur
ther to the left, then even further to
the right. Now turn your head in a
360-degree rotation. You are now suf Extend your fingers, holding them
ficiently loose. rigidly together Hold your arm away
38 FliURUARY/MAKCIt'85
jovstkk mnnnc
Inhale deeply. Then exhale. Take Benefits of this exercise: are tightly closed. Curl your upper
another breath. Now let it out, mak • Strengthens the necessary mus and lower lips to expose your teeth
ing a slightly "whoosh" sound. Re cles for hours of hard staring at Wrinkle your nose menacingly and
peat indefinitely. monitor screens. grimace. Uncurl your lips. Curl. Un
• Discourages unwanted social in curl. Continue until you feel your chin
Benefits of this exercise:
teraction, since people will tend falling off.
• Provides interesting sound ef
to leave you alone.
fects on tougher rounds. Benefits of this exercise:
• Keeps them from hooking you up Exercise#8: Elbow Endurance • HelPs v°u bear down and
to the respirator. tough.
• Scares small children.
Exercise #6: Thumb Press
Exercise #10: Thumb-Ups
Plant your right elbow on the right

armrest of your chair. Make a fist with
Tape a penny onto your thumbnail.
your right hand. Hold yout left hand
Lift your thumb into a straight-up po
slightly cupped about two inches be
sition, then lower your thumb. Repeat,
neath your right hand. Practice mov Make a fist by curling your four fin
this ten times. Remove the penny and
ing both hands in any direction while gers, but extend your thumb straight
replace it with a nickel and repeat
keeping your elbow firmly planted. up. Then touch the tip of your nose
the ten up-and-down thumb-lifts.
Turn on a fan that blows air directly with your thumb Now extend your
Progress to heavier objects: quarter,
into your face: keep your elbow firmly fingers. Repeat facing different peo
half dollar, silver dollar, Volkswagen.
planted. Put ice cubes down the back ple and objects in the room
of your shirt; keep your elbow firmly Benefits of this exercise:
• Bulging thumb muscles. planted. Have someone hit you up
• Good preparation for hitch-hik • Strengthens your nose-scratch
side your head with a croquet mallet
ing. ing efficiency, since this prac
and lose consciousness; keep your el
tice will eventually enable you to
Exercise #7: Eye-Building bow firmly planted.
touch your nose without looking.
• Satisfying gesture toward moni
• Contributes to a rock-solid play tor screen when you fail or oppo
concentration.
nent when you lose,
• Improves your ability to hold
This ten-step workout improves the
poses for portraits painted by ex
necessary skills to make you into a
cruciatingly slow artists.
first-rate, top-notch, head-and-shoul-
Exercise #9: Teeth Gritting ders-above-the-crowd, All-American
(and-any-other-term-with-a-Iot-of-
hypens) gamer. A true dedication to
this workout is required to become a
truly great gamer; if you commit your
\
self to this workout regimen with a
real heart-felt vigor and you fail to
Shift both eyes to the left. Shift improve your gaming ability, then
them both to the right. Look up. Look you probably had no potential in the
down. Cross your eyes. Look left with first place. In that case, you can con
one and right with the other. Narrow J sole yourself with the fact that you
your eyes. Raise Che left eyebrow, gave it your best shot. Loser.
then the right. Now raise them both.
Open your eyes as wide as you can.
i But if you do have the right stuff,
, .- . you can indeed become a great one,
Stare straight ahead. Maintain a with a lot of work. Remember, nobody
"glassy-eyed" look. Stay in this posi Close your mouth. Keep your upper ever said that videogaming was sup
tion for several hours. and lower jaw shut, so that your teeth posed to be fun! C
F'OWKKE'LAY 39
JIFFIES BVJERRVA. STURDIVANT
Hail for PET and A hail stone is placed in a random location on the
second line down. The cursor goes to the top right of the
Commodore 64 screen (by going home, down and back one) and does
an insert, scrolling the screen down and the person off.
The poke tells memory that it did not scroll the screen.
it doesn't rain all the time where I live in Oregon. When entering the abbreviated BASIC words, enter
the first letter and then hold down the SHIFT key and hit
Sometimes we have hail.
the second letter. That is your BASIC word. On the word
As the hail stones come down, you must keep your
TAB, it will also include the left parenthesis: TAB(. C
constantly moving man from getting hit on the head. He
won't stand still. He will move to the left unless you hold 64 Version
down a key, which causes him to move to the right. If 1 PRINT" [CLEAR] " : S = 200 3 : B=S : K=20 3 : L=6<1
you keep him from harm long enough (about 40 sec :D=214;X=1984:F=4B:H=81:C=198
onds), you win. If not, you lose and receive your score. :ES(O)="WIN":ES{1)="LOSE
The idea behind this program is to write a game on as 2 S=S+(PEEK(K)=L)*2+l:POKE D,23:PRINT
few lines as possible. This program squeezes into three :PRINT TAB(S-X)"[SHFT X.HOMEJ"
lines if you use abbreviations. Or you can spread the :IF T=K OR P£EK(S-F)=H THEN PRINT
program out to additional lines, ES((T=K)+1)T:POKE C,0:END
Line 1 initializes variables. In line 2, screen location 3 T=T+.5:S=S+((S>B+lS)-(S<b-18))*3
(S) changes. If keyboard memory (K) shows no key is :PRINT"[HOME,DOWN]"TAB(39*RND(0))"
held down (L), one is subtracted from S. Otherwise one [SHFT Q,HOME,DOWN,LEFT,INST]"
is added. ;POKE 218,132:GOTO 2
D is poked to send the cursor down the screen, the
PET Version
location on the line is figured (S-X) and the person
printed. On the PET the person (P) is poked in. 1 PRINT"[CLEAR]":S=3 374 7:B=S:K=151
The IF statement checks if time (T) is up or if the :L=255:P=88:F=40:H=81:C=158
person has a hail stone on his head. If either is true, then :ES(0)="WINNER":ES(1)="LOOSER
the proper end (ES) is printed, followed by the score (T). 2 S=S+(PEEK(K)=L)*2+1:POKE S,P
The keyboard entries you have been making are can :IF T=K OR PEEK(S-F)=H THEN PRINT
celled with a poke (C) and the program ends, E${(T=K)+1)T*2-2:POKE C,0:END
In line 3, time keeping (T) is updated by a half. The 3 T=T+.5:S=S+{ (S>B+iy}-(S<B~18) )*3
screen location of the person is checked to see if he has : PRINT" [HOME, DOWN] "TAB { F*RND (L!) ) "
bumped into either wall. If so, S is changed to bounce [SHFT Q,HOME,DOWN,LEFT,INST]"
him back into the fray (no hiding in the corners). :POKE 225,128:GOTO 2
40 PEHKUARV/MARCH 'BS
HESWrmr Cart 29 95 fraction Fevtr Cart
Logo-D Microsoft Mullipian-D 65 95 Grandma's house-[)
ui Buner Panic- D lne Manager-[J Minnesota Fate' Pool-Can 19 [J5 Jukeboi-Can 20 95
S« IWih HKJe'n Swk OeneraiLNgerD 37 95 Missing Lints-0 19 95 Kid s on *eys- Can
ACCESS CBS SOFTWARE SucctSJ Decanlls Accli fi« 0 37 95 Mr INT-Cart 19 96 Kidwnter-D
Neutral Zone-Q/T 20 9- Argos Eipeonion-D 29 95 (Wfl/SuOD-D/I 1-195 Accls Pay-0 37 95 Kindercomp-Cart 17 95
Sprnemaslti-D/T 20 9C Our its Goren's Bnrjge-D 49 95 Success Decimal! MajicCesk-D 52 95 Ommsrwll-D 49 95 Fanch-Can
Beach mm-D/I 20 9i CMC Notes D 19 9b (Mutt/IM-D'T Zwkl.llorlil-D 2995 Boom TooinvCan 23 95 Faiymes/BuWies'O 17 95
Meter Compour-O 21 g« Ducks Mwy-D 23 95 Success Fradons SusoenoedO 29 95 Syntftesouno-D Search/
15.95
Emu's Magic Shapes-D 23 95 (AM/SuM|'D/T 14 95 Sracrras-O Ti 95 TntPii-Can 1995 Amazing Thing'D 24 95
ACCESSORIES Mastering me SAT-0 104 95 Success Fracnons Ooadlma-D 29 95 lime Money Manager-D Jfl 95 Snooper HO 24 95
WICQ Joysticks Cat Movie Musical IMuH/Divl-D/1 UK TudleGraDhicSII-Wrl 50 95 Sreopfr12-D
Flip n File-D 20 95 MM ness-D !4 9b HESWARE Tun e Toyland Jr -D/I 22 95 Sliw Machine-Can 20 95
Hip'n'Fie Can 20 95 MurMr tiyint (l)/tn P 23 96 WeDstir W«o GameD Su(W ZUIOK 22 95 Type n1 Wiitp-D 19 96 Trains 0 24 95
Joysensor Call 64 Forth-Cart 40.95 tlESMWOnl 49 95 Up For Oraos-Can 20 95
M CO Irak Bill 37 95 CQMMODDRE 660?FiottssOevSys-T 19 95
KRAFT JoySIKk 15 95 Coco-D/T 26 95 SPINNAKER
19 95 TOUCH TABLETS
Assembler-D 17 9S FaciBy-D 16 95 MtMuit Dum-Can 21 9b Koala Touch Tabiei D 4J 95
Easy Finance I Finance Managei-D J6 95 Aerobics-D 35 95 Koala touch lablet'Cal 49 95
Easy Calc-D W 95 Chosl Manor/Spike Pk-D 1B95 tegean voijge-Cari 21 95 Muppei Learning Keys Call
Price reductions may have been Easy Maii-D &apl«s Basic-D 23 95 *I1 m Ihs Cow Caws-C il 95
made since this ad was placed. Easy Scrict-D 39 95 HESCat-O 18 95 WprjBW Jgo-Can »»
Easy Spell- D 19 95 HES Fonl-Cafl 1595 OuDble Bursl-Cart 71 95 Concoroe (riira Pjrty C*sk
Call us (or our latest price quotes. HEEGames'S4'[j ?3 95 Cosmic Liie-Cart Jo.95 Dine lor Commodore 64
HES Kit-Can . 33 95 DWI» Ownrain-Cm !i 95 naranei 5 serial rwfleis
HES Mon-Can 25 95 FactmaktrCjIl 20 96 available 169'

JIFFIES BY HAROLD DROiD
Commodore 64 Color
Interrupter
M he color interrupter is a short program which allows
the user to change screen colors while a BASIC program
is running. This is especially useful for owners of black
and white monitors who prefer high-contrast color com
bos, but it can find a home on every 64 owner's gadget
disk.
The program occupies Che last 100 bytes of the free
RAM, which extends from 49152 to 53247. This location
is out of the way of most programs and won't interfere
with the DOS wedge if it's in place. To enable the color
interrupter, simply type in the BASIC program listed
here and run it. Then load and run any other BASIC
program,
The program works by changing the vector to the

routine that checks the stop key, rerouting to check the
back arrow key on the upper left of the keyboard, and
restoring the stop-key check. This means the program
will work only if the stop-key check or interrupt vectors
haven't been changed. This is true of most BASIC pro
grams.
Pressing the back arrow during program execution

freezes the program. The function keys then toggle the
various color registers. Function 7 resumes the program
from where it left off
The color interrupter is especially useful if a program
changes screens a lot. The extra key check only requires 140 DATA 116,120,169,0,133,198,32,
two machine language instructions so it slows BASIC by 159'BDNE
very little. If you own a black and white screen, there's 150 DATA 255,32,228,255,201,0,240,
246'BDDF
no reason not to make it a habit. You'll find it eases
160 DATA 201,133,240,15,201,134,240,
eyestrain and makes your world more readable. C
23'BEDH
170 DATA 201,135,240,31,201,136,240,
10 REM ■• COLOHRUPTOR **'BPLB 84'BEMI
20 FOR A=53U88 TO 53247:READ 1 180 DATA 76,130,207,173,32,208,24,
:POKE A,I:NEXT'GSNF 105'BDFI
30 SYS 53088'BFPA 190 DATA 1,141,32,208,76,130,207,
40 PRINT"[CLEAR,DOWN2]COLORRUPTOR IS 173'BCCJ
NOW IN PLACE."'BAMJ 200 DATA 33,208,24,105,1,141,33,
50 PRINT:PRINT"BACK ARROW KEY HALTS 208'BBVB
PROGRAM EXECUTION.":PRINT'DCBN 210 DATA 76,130,207,165,243,141,252,
60 PRINT"FUNCTION KEYS: 1.CHANGE 207'BFCD
BORDER COLOR"'BALM 220 DATA 165,244,141,253,207,159,0,
70 PRINT"[SPACE15]3.CHANGE SCREEN 133'BEDE
COLOR"'BASL 230 DATA 243,169,216,133,244,173,134,
80 PRINT"[SPACE15]5.CHANGE TEXT 2'BEFF
COLOR"'BAAL 240 DATA 24,105,1,141,134,2,162,4'BYRF
90 PRINT"(SPACE15]7.RESUME PROGRAM" 250 DATA 160,0,145,243,136,208,251,
:PRINT:NEW'DCON 202'BERH
100 DATA 120,173,40,3,141,248,207, 260 DATA 240,5,230,244,76,216,207,
173'BDCA 173'BDJH
110 DATA 41,3,141,249,207,173,250, 270 DATA 252,207,133,243,173,253,207,
207'BDGB 133'BGAJ
120 DATA 141,40,3,173,251,207,141, 280 DATA 244,76,130,207,88,108,248,
41'BCUC 207'BERK
130 DATA 3,88,96,155,145,201,253, 290 DATA 237,246,123,207,2,0,255,
208'BCWD 255'BCIK
42 KEHRUARY/MARCH -85
What you get ifjrou cross
a Commodore 64 with a Fferrari.
\ you get the incredible And, you get the only disk drive LED display that keeps you in
cLb Indus GT'" diskdrive. thai comes with free software. control of your Commodore to
You Ret brains. You get beauty. Word processing. Spreadsheet. Ihe air-piston operated dust
Bui, that's not nil you gel. Database manager. Plus, a carry cover thai protects your disks
You gel ,i disk drive th.it can ing case that doubles as >v\ 00 and drive.
handle 100% of Commodore's disk storage file. So, you know what you really
software. Up to 400% faster. Most of all, you get luxury. get if you cross a
You get the disk drive with the From the sleek lines of its sound Commodore 64
best service record around. With proofed chassis to the respon with a Ferrari?
a one year warranty on parts and sive AccuTouch™ control:; at the You gel I he
labor to prove it. Induv CommandPosC From the best.
INDUS
G Indilt SnlciTO 930-t Deering Avenues Chdiworrh. CA 91311 <8IBl 882-%00 The Indie C,T h J [iroducr of Indus Systems. Cummodow \- .1
reglltored n.idpmdrk ol Commodore Business Machine*, Inc. Ferrari 1- .1 registered 1rjdpni.uk ol Ft-rrjri North America, tn.
Circle Header Service No. 17

JIFFIES BY LOUIS F. SANDER
1541 Directory
Alphabetize lines 470-500. Typically, the program takes 30 seconds
or so to do its work, but with very full diskettes it can
take several minutes. Reading the directory is the time-
X he 1541 disk directory is a wonderful tool, but it's a consuming process; I've searched in vain for a way to
tool with a major drawback: the sequence in which the read it instantaneously into an array. (Not that the way
recorded items, (called files), are listed. shown here is long, mind you, it just seems that it
The directory lists files in order of their physical loca should be instantaneous.)
tion on the diskette, which is not necessarily the order Sorting the array takes only a few seconds. On one
in which they were saved. Nor is there any other hu diskette with 143 programs, it took almost a minute. If
manly comprehensible order. you wanted to, you could save time by replacing lines
Here's why. On a newly formatted diskette, each new 300-460 with a machine language sort routine. You
file is added to the end of the directory. But when a file could also add this line, which will suspend printing as
is scratched, it leaves an invisible opening in the direc long as SHIFT or SHIFT LOCK are depressed:
tory, and that opening will be taken by the; next file to be
495 IF PEEK(653) THEN 495
recorded. After a diskette has been used for a while,
with many files scratched and replaced, you can't tell This is particularly useful when you"re printing a long
wheie the next directory entry will pop up. Finding any directory onto the screen.
given file in a long directory can be most unrewarding. That's all there is to the Directory Alphabetizer. With
The program listed here solves the problem by a minute or so of work, it can give you an easy-to-use
alphabetizing the directory and printing it on the screen hardcopy alphabetized directory listing, which can save
or printer. The alphabetized directory has the same form you many minutes of searching and frustration. C
as the standard one, and adds a count of the files on the
diskette. I've found this program to be worth its weight 100 PRINT"[CLEAR,DOWN) THIS PRINTS A
in gold, and I think you'll like it, too. DIRECTORY11
Lines 150-290 read the directory from the 1541, stor 110 PRINT"[DOWN] IN ALPHABETICAL
ing the file names and other information in array F$ ORDER."
Lines 300-460 sort the array, which is then printed by 120 PRINT"[DOWN] PRINT ON [RVS]S
44 KEBRLIARV/MAKCH '85
[RVOFFJCREEN OR 400 SW=SW+1 PRINT"[CLEAR]
[RVS]P[RVOFF] 410 I = I-M 490 C=2:FOR 1=0 TO N
RINTER?" 420 IF Kl THEN 440 :PRINT RIGHTS(F$
130 GET ODS:IF 430 GOTO 360 (I) ,C)LEFT$(F$(I) ,
OD$="P"OR 440 J=J + 1 LEN(FSd) )-C) :C=5

0D$O""THEN 150 450 IF J>K THEN 320 500 NEXT:PRINT BF$
140 GOTO 130 460 GOTO 350 510 IF OD$="P"THEN
150 PRINT"[DOWN] 470 IF OD$="P"THEN PRINT:PRINT:PRINT
** READING THE OPEN 4,4:PRINT" :PRINT#4:CLOSE 4
DIRECTORY **" [DOWN] ** 520 IF 0D$O"P"THEN
160 DIM FS{144):B=6 PRINTING PRINT"[DOWN]
:C=2:QS=CHR5(34) DIRECTORY **" USE 'GOTO 480' TO
:R5="[RVS]" :CMD 4 VIEW LISTING
:SP$=N[SPACE17]" 480 IF OD$<>"P"THEN AGAIN"
170 OPEN 1,8,0,"S"
:GET#1,A$,B$
180 GET#1,A$,B$
:REM LINK
190 G£TU,AS,B$
:NB=ASC(A$+CHR$(0) There's more to choosing
)+256*ASC(B$+CHR$ the right software/hardware source
(0)):REM S Of
BLOCKS than just the price.
200 GETgl,B$: IF STO0 The truth is, It takes more computer sources, Computer
THEN 290 than price to make one mail Warehouse really can do
order computer source the more tor you. Better prices,
210 IF B$OCHRS{34)
best choice. sure. Bui even better, delivery
THEN 200 Moybo that's why so many on lime. One call to Computer
220 GET#1,B§:IF people are calling Computer Warehouse and your order
Warehouse. As one ol the goes out the next day. Call us
B$OCHR$(34) THEN nation's largest mall otder and see for yourself.
S$=SS+BS:GOTO 220
MONITORS MODEMS
230 GETI1,B$;IF
Commodore Color S249.00 Westndge Auromodem S69.95
BS=CHR$(32}THEN BMC 13 Color $229.00 Anchor Volksmodem S59.00
230 Panasonic (composite 8 MPP 1000 (C 64) S79.95
RGB) S289.00 1650 Aulo Modem S84.95
240 C$="n:IF A-0 THEN Gorilla (green) S 79.00 Mighty Mo Modem by
C$ = " " Gorilla (amber) S 99.00 U.S.I. S89.00
Zenith [green) $ 89.00
250 C$=C$+B$:GET#1,B$
Zemlh (amber) S 99.00 PRINTER INTERFACES
: IF B$O""THEN 250 Cardco B S39.95
PRINTERS Cardco G+ $69.95
260 F$[A)=LEFT$
Commodore 803 S169.00 TYMACConnection S79.9S
(R$+Q$+S$+Q$+SP$, Gemini 10X S259.00 TURBOGT SG9.9S
19)+LEFT$(C$,B)+" Gemini 15X $385.00 AXIOM Interface S69.95
Delta 10 S399.00
[RVOFF]"+MIDS Power Type S369.00 SOFTWARE
<STR$(NB)+SP$,2,C) AXIOM AT 700 (cold) S499.00 Flight Simulator II S36.95
ELITE 5 CD (Daisy Wheel) Super Base 64
270 S$="":R$="":A=A+1 Direct connect for
S64.95
Paper Clip (w/spell) S74.9S
:B=3:C=5 Commodore S299.00 Home Accountant S59.95
280 IF ST=0 THEN 180 AXIOM AT 550 S259.00 Bank Street Writer 549,95
Commodore 1526 S279.00 EasyScnpt(64) S34.95
290 CLOSE 1:N=A-1 Okidata82,83.B4,92 93 Write Now (Cardco) S39.9S
:BFS=MID$(STR$(NB) Climate 10 CALL Koala Light Pen $69.95
Panasonic 1091 $299.00 Gibson Light Pen $74.95
+" BLOCKS FREE,
"+STH${N)+" DISK DRIVES DISKETTES'
Commodore 1541 S232.00 Computer Warehouse
FILES.",2)
Rana1000 S289.00 ss/dd S14.95
300 PRINT"[DOWN] Indus GT S299.00 Elephanl ss/sd S1S.95
** SORTING MSD S299.00 Elephant ss/dd $18.95
MSD Dual Drive S569.00 Maxell MDi S22.95
DIRECTORY **" Verbatim ds/dd S24.95
310 M=N COMPUTERS SKC ss/sd S13.95
Commodore 64 S 1B9.00 SKC ss/dd
320 M=INT(M/2) Sanyo 550-2 S 799.00
S16.95
330 IF M=0 THEN 470 Sanyo555-2 S1099.00 "Prices per Doi of 10

340 J=1:K=N-M ColecoADAM S 499.00
350 I=J We car'v a fuH hug qI CommocJO'e Hardware and ',
360 L=I+M
COMPUTER
1-800-432-0368
370 CM=CM+1
380 IF F$tI)<F${L)
1-800-372-0214 (in Ffa.)
WAREHOUSE
THEN 440 7222 S.W. 117th Avenue
390 TS=FS(I):FS(I)=F$ Miami, FL 33183
(L):FS(L)=T$ Add 3"(, lor snipping and handing chuigps Ad pncos 'o1loct3% cash Discount.
C'editcarOordorssnnukl artd3»B Puces suoiect lo change witnout noiico
Circle Header Service No. 12 POWEKl'L-W 45

JIFFIES BYJ0HNST1LWKLL
Defined Functions on
the VIC and 64
•defined functions are a nice way to simplify one's
code. They not only reduce line lengths but are easier to
read than subroutines. They do have one limitation that
subroutines don't have. Functions can be only one
equation, whereas a subroutine can be an entire pro
gram.
A user function must be defined before it is ever used.

As with DIM, it is good practice to define all functions in
the beginning of the program.
Let's create a simple user-defined function,
lODEFFNDB(x) = x* 2
The DEF tells the computer thai the function is being
defined. The FN means that the function is user-defined
and the DB is the name of the function. The name can
be up to two characters long and the second character
may be a numeral.
Now that the function has been defined, we can use it
just like a SQRorINT,
20 A = FNDB(A)
Line 20 takes the number in "A," doubles it, then
puts the now value in "A." To help clarify things, line 20
could be written like this.
20 A = A * 2
If the function is used, the value in "A" is moved to
"x" so that the math in line 10 can be done. The answer
is assigned to FNDB(A) which can be thought of as a
kind of super variable. In actuality, it is only shorthand
for an equation.
For the next example, we want a function that rolls a
die. To make things interesting, we'll allow the die to
have any number of sides.
15 DEF FNDI(y) = INT(RND(.) * y) + 1
Just for the record, the "y" could have been an "x" as -UK": ■■
in line 10. It doesn't matter what variable is used be
cause it has the special quality of being transparent. In
other words, the value assigned to the "y" in our func
tion is not necessarily the same as "y" elsewhere in the
program. This applies only to the variable in the paren
theses of a DEF statement.
';'■. ■;■..;.'
If you have trouble digesting this, think of the variable ■-'!'-•
as a special memory that exists only when the function
is used. For convenience's (or inconvenience's) sake,
we may use the same name as another variable in the
program.
30 PRINT FNDI(6) 15 DEFDI(y) - INT(RND(.) * y) + z

40 PRINT FNDI(10) The "z" is the smallest value our random number can
When you run the program, line 30 will give you a be. Since it's not in the parentheses on the left side of
random number between one and six. Line 40 will give the equation, it is the same variable as the "z" that
you a number between one and ten. appears elsewhere in the program. We can pass only
Unfortunately, a function can pass only one number to one variable through a function, so the "z" must get its
the equation via a transparent variable. If there is more value somewhere else.
than one variable used in a function, then the rest are 25 z = 3
not unique. For example, let's change the equation so Now when we run the program, line 30 will give us a
that we can set both the upper limit and the lower limit number between three and six and line 40 will give us a
of the random number. number between three and ten. C
46 FEBRUARY/'MARCH PH5
JIFFIES BY ANDY GAMBLE
Guitar Chord Finder Musicians did not like Strauss'' 'Elektra''

For the PET, 64, and Expanded VIC 20
at all. One eminent British composer,
Family, friends and neighbors of beginner guitar
upon leaving the theater, was asked what
players do not need to be reminded of what a C major
chord sounds like. The guitar is widely recognized as he thought of it. "Words fail me," he
being an easy instrument to learn and it is true that
replied, "and I'm going home at once to
many popular songs can be played with only three
chords. This is why the C. F and G7 seem to be the ones play the chord of C major twenty times
with which to begin.
over to satisfy myself that it still exists."
As a result, many guitarists become stuck in this
three-chord syndrome and few progress beyond ^b^m^^^^^^^^^^b ISir Thomas Beecham, A Mingled Chime).
learning a dozen or so chords in the easiest positions. language (at least for guitarists). D flat is the same as C
The remedy is to purchase a chord dictionary. There you sharp, for instance. In order to save memory space in
will see hundreds, if not thousands, of possible chords this program, this redundancy is removed. Try
Need to know what an A sharp minor seventh is7 Just retrieving a flat chord—D flat for example. As soon as D
look it up. flat is entered, the program changes this to C sharp.
This program is essentially a chord dictionary, but Customizing the chord dictionary to your own
one with a difference: it can be customized. You don't preferences is just as easy. A glance at the data lines
like the sound of a particular chord? Then delete it. shows that any chord is characterized by a three-letter
Found another shape for a chord or a whole new chord? name, a one-digit number and several six-digit
Then add it. numbers. For instance:
To use the chord finder as it stands is child's play. line 280 DATA ASD.2,113121.686696
Follow the directions that appear on the top line of the The first letter of the three-letter group is the key, A to
screen. Suppose you wanted to know how to play that A G, modified by S, F or N as the second letter (sharp, flat
sharp minor seventh chord. Clear the title page by or natural). The third letter is the chord type as shown in
pressing RETURN. You are now asked for the root of the the diagram above. Thus, ASD is A sharp minor
chord. In this case, press "A". Any key outside the seventh. The single digit that follows the chord type
range A to G will be ignored. You are then asked gives the number of different ways the chord can be
whether you want flat, sharp or natural, so press "S" for written—in this case, two. If you find another way or
sharp. Any key other than S. F or N is ignored. would like to delete a chord shape, this number should
Next, a menu appears offering a selection of 23 be changed.
chords. The minor seventh is letter D. Press that and The next two groups of six digits are the standard
after a few seconds the first chord shape will be given, way of writing the chord shapes in terms of frets,
as shown in Figure 1, starting from the bass E string to the top E string. So,
Most chords have more than one shape. To see 113121 represents the configuration in Figure 3.
different ways of playing this chord, press RETURN. Feel free to add to or delete chord shapes from the
Figure 2, for instance, shows another shape for A sharp dictionary In this way. An X in these numbers means
minor seventh. (The "5" here means the fifth fret.) that the particular string should not be played and a zero
Pressing RETURN will let you choose another chord and means that the open string should be played. Notice
Q will quit the program. Notice that the chords are also that this method can only handle chord shapes up
positioned on the guitar neck either by labelling the nut to the ninth fret.
or the starting fret. This program needs about 10K bytes and works on
There is considerable redundancy in musical the PET, expanded VIC or 64. VIC and 64 users should
Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Continued on pg. 48
P tl*
NUT 5TH NUT
•
il
■-Y-V
• !' -
1 ■ .^p • ■ ■
v': < ■ 1 ■ (■ ■ ■:
'■'':> % 1 ■- "■ 1 ■ ■*'-" *

. ' ,■■".'-
■T
:.";. d
■ -
ASHARP ASHARP Lti' ■ " ' .
ASHARP
MIN.7TH MIN.7TH
1 MIN.7TH
POWERI'LAY 47
190 DATA ANH,2,002222,5X7675,ANI,2,
GUITHR CHORD 200
002212,5X7575'BOCM
DATA ANJ,3,002423,X05455,X05657,
delete lines 2670 and 2680 which merely put a border ANK,2,002413,X05557'BVDG
around the screen for PET users. VIC users should 210 DATA ANL,2,002100,54645X,ANM,3,
additionally set the variable LL in line 1500 to 22 and X0420fl,X04 4 55,X0767 7'BVPH
perhaps adjust the TAB positions in lines 2720 and 2730. 220 DATA ANN,2,X02523,X05658,ANO,2,
For anatomists of programs, there follows a 5453XX,5X5656'BOJH

dissection. 230 DATA ANP,3,X4322X,5432XX,XX3221,
ANQ,2,X0 3021,5X566 5'BVPK
The Program
240 DATA ANR,3,2312XX,X3424X,XX1212,
Lines 150-1490: Data for all the chords, A natural to
ANS,2,X0122X,X0764 5'BVWL
G sharp.
250 DATA ANT,2,X0102X,Xf!5645,ANU,3,
Lines 1520-1800: Initializing variables, NotethatBLS
X010 0X,5454 4 5,X07887'BVOL
in line 1550 contains 40 blank.
260 DATA ANV,3,X00000,X05433,X07787,
Lines 1810-2920: Enter the root and S, F or N.
ANW,2,X0 54 22,5X5677'BVJM
Lines 1930-1960: Checks for B sharp, etc.
270 DATA ASA,2,113331,688766,ASB,2,
Lines 1970-1990: Converts flats to sharps.
113131,686796,ASC,2,113321,
Lines 2000-2040: Prints chosen chord at bottom of
688666'BJSP
screen.
280 DATA ASD,2,113121,686696,ASE,2,
Lines 2050-2130: Choose chord type and print it. 113231,68776X'BOKM
Lines 2140-2190: Search for chord in data state 290 DATA ASF,3,113341,XX3346,668866,
ments. ASG,2,113141,686866,ASH,2,113333,
Lines 2200-2220: End program or cycle back. 6X878S'BQMT
Lines 2230-2260: Is chord in first position or higher 300 DATA ASI,2,113023,6X8686,ASJ,3,
up the neck? 110111,X56 56X,6X6 76 8'BVUH
Lines 2270-2330: Pnnt first position chord. 310 DATA ASK,2,6465XX,686668,ASL,3,
Lines 2340-2430: Print higher position chords, 1I0211,6575XX,XX8565'BVJJ
Lines 2440-2480: Any more shapes for that chord? If 320 DATA ASM,2,110011,655566,ASM,3,
so. READ them. If not, cycle back. 110121,65666X,686 769'BVSJ
Lines 2490-2510i GET subroutine. 330 DATA AS0,3,110101,6564XX,6X6767,
ASP,3,X54 33X,654 3XX,XX4332'BDBM
Lines 2520-2550: Neck-diawing subroutine.
340 DATA ASQ,2,X14132,6XG776,ASR,3,
Lines 2560-2570: Blank one line subroutine.
342 3XX,X12(J2X,XX2323'BVGM
Lines 2580-2620: READ chords from data
350 DATA ASS,3,X1233X,XX8756,6787XX,
statements. End of file is an
AST,2,X1213X,XX67 56'BVON
asterisk, Since reading this mass of
360 DATA ASU,3,010110,G56556,XX8998,
data from the start takes a fair
ASV,3,011111,6X55 4 A,X8 8898'BDCP
amount of time, the data is
370 DATA ASW,3,110113,6X6533,
restored only if the next chord to be
6X5783'BBPK
searched for is alphabetically
380 DATA BNA,2,224442,799877,BNB,2,
before the last one (line 2590) or the
221202,224242'BOBN
end of file has been reached (line
390 DATA BNC,2,224132,799777,BND,2,
2600). Otherwise the reading 220202,224232'BOBO
continues on from the last chord. 400 DATA BNE,3,224342,79887X,XX9876,
Lines 2640-2750: Title page (optional). BNF,3,224452,XX4457,779977'BDHK
When typing the program, note that the cursor 410 DATA BNG,3,222200,224252,797977,
controls have been written out in square brackets ([]) for BNH,3,22110X,224444,7X9897"BDNK
your convenience. You should, of course, type the 420 DATA BNI,3,220102,224434,799797,
corresponding cursor control character. For example, in BNJ,3,221222,X6767X,XX7677'BDSM
line 1540, the variable VTS consists of "home" and 26 430 DATA BNK,3,220222,7576XX,797779,
"cursor down's." c BNL,3,X2132X,7686XX,XX9676'BDMN
100 REM GUITAR CHORDS'BMEY 440 DATA BNM,3,221122,766677,XX9899,

110 REM ANDY GAMBLE.COLUMBIA BNN,2,X2123X,76777X'BVHM
COLLEGE'BBND 450 DATA BN0,3,X2121X,7675XX,7X7878,

BNP,3,X210t)X,3210XX,XX5443'BDJQ
120 REM 1625 W 10 AVE VANCOUVER
BC'BVVD
460 DATA BNQ,3,X01003,X25243,7X7887,
BNR,3,1201XX,X2313X,XX0101'BDRO.
130 REM (C) FEB 84'BIQA
140 REM FOR PET,VIC WITH 1CJK ,C64 ' BVUF 470 DATA BNS,2,X2344X,XX9867,BNT,2(
150 DATA ANA,3,002220,002225, X2324X,XX7867'BOSO
577655'BBBF 480 DATA BNU,2,121221,767667,BNV,2,
160 DATA ANB,2,002020,575685,ANC,2, 111111,7X7655'BOAO
002210,577555'BOPJ 490 DATA BNW,3,221224,7X7644,

170 DATA AND,2,002010,575585,ANE,2, 7X7899'BBCN
500 DATA CNA,2,332010,335553,CNB,2,
002120,X07654'BOUK
180 DATA ANF,2,00223R,X07755,ANG,2, 332310,335353'BOFH
002030,575755'BOEL 510 DATA CNC,2,33101X,335543,CND,2,
4B KKHRUARY/MARCH '35
33131X,335343'BOKI
520 DATA CNE,2,3320(10, 335453, CNF, 2,
333011,335563'BONJ
GUITHR CHORD
530 DATA CNG,2,33331X,335363,CNH,2, 850 DATA DSI, 2, 6f,454X, 66X878, DS J , 1 ,
332210,335555'BONK 665'556,DSK,1,664S6C1BUAR
540 DATA CNI,2,33121X,335545,CNJ,3, 363 DATA DSL, 2 , XX1EJ31, XS576X , DSM, 2 ,
332 3 33,X78 78X,XX8788'BVNN XXIOil,6G5566,DSN,2,XXlfl22,
550 DATA CNK,2,331333,8687XX,CNL,2, X65C7X'BJMW
X3243X,8797XX'BOFN 870 DATA DSO,2,XX1O20,X5565X,DSP,3,
560 DATA CNM,2,332233,877788,CNN,2,
X3234X,8788SX'BONO 88B DATA DSQ,2,X4544X,X695S7,DSR,3,
570 DATA CNO,3,X3232X,8786XX,8X8989, 2312XX,X3 424X,XX1212'BVMV
CNP,3,X3211X,4 321XX,XX6 554'BDKT 89CJ DATA DSS,2,XX1243,XG788X,D3T,2,
580 DATA CNQ,3,XI211X,X36354,8X8998, XX1223,X67f)8Xf BOYU
CNR,3,2312XX,X3424X,XX1212'BDHT 900 DATA DSU,2,XX1221,S6SSG5,DSV,2,
590 DATA CNS,1,X3455X,CNT,2,X3435X, Xll121,666686,OSW,1,665668'BCLP
XX8978,CNU,2,2 32332,878778'BCNU 910 DATA ENA, 3, 022100, O7<3454 ,079990,
600 DATA CNV,2,333333,8X8766,CNW,2, ENB,3,022130,0 767 50,079 797'BDCP
332335,8X8755'BOJJ 920 DATA ENC,3,022000,[1X5453,079987,
610 DATA CSA,2,443121,446664,CSB,2, END,3,0 22030,0X5 4 30,079787'BDRQ
44342X,446464'BODJ 930 DATA ENE, 3, f!2U00, 076444, 079897,
620 DATA CSC,1,446654,CSD,2,44242X, ENF, 2, []222OO,0774 50'BVAP
446 45 4,CSE,2,44 3111,4 46 564'BCCN 940 DATA ENG,2,020200,0X2435,ENH,3,
630 DATA CSF,2,446G74,XXG679,CSG,2, 022120,076650,079999'BVHR
44442X,446474'BODM 950 DATA ENI,3,022020,07565X,07X989,
640 DATA CSH,2,X4332X,446665,CSI,2,
44232X,44X656'BOAN 960 DATA ENK,2,022032,075770,ENL,3,
650 DATA CSJ,2,443444,X8989X,CSK,2, 021102,0 74444,076870'BVBT
442444,9798XX'BOHO 970 DATA ENM,2,022122,076677,ENN,2,
668 DATA CSL,1,X4354X,CSM,2,443344, 022133,076780'BQWS
988899,CSN,2,X4 34 5X,98999X'BCRS 980 DATA ENO,2,OXO101,07676X,ENP,3,
67R DATA CSO,2,X4343X,9897XX,CSP,3, 032110,4321XX,0X6554'BVGV
X4 322X,54 32XX,XX32 21'BVVS 990 DATA ENQ,2,0X011fl,05655X,ENR,3,
680 DATA CSQ,2,X2322X,X47465,CSR,3, 34 2 3XX,012020,0X2323'BVUW
3423XX,X1202X,XX2323'BVRT 1000 DATA ENS,3,0121X0,0X2354,078990,
DATA CSS,l,X456fiX,CST,1,X4546X, ENT,2,0101X0,0 7879X'BVSD
CSLJ,2,34 34 4 3,989889'BUPT 1010 DATA ENU,2,0X2332,676776,ENV,2,
DATA CSV,2,444444,9X9877,CSH,2, 022232,077777'BORC
443146,9X9866'BOQK 1020 DATA ENW, 2, 0X0122, (1X6779 ' BTMY
DATA DNA,2,XfJ0232, 557775, DNB, 2, 1030 DATA FNA,2,133211,887565,FNB,2,
X00212,557575'BOCK 131241,88736X'BOIE
DATA DNC,2,X00231,557765,DND,2, 1040 DATA FNC,2,133111,X33564.FND,2,
X00211,5575G51BOCL 131141,X33544'BOOF
DATA DNE,2,X00222,557675,DNF,2, 1050 DATA FNE,2,1X3210,087555,FNF,2,
X(!R233,557785'BOOM 113311,X8856X'BaQH
DATA DNG,2,X!J(J213, 557585, DNH, 2, 1060 DATA FNG,2,131311,88836X,FNH,2,
X002fl2,557777'BOPN 1X3231,X8776X'BOVI
DATA DUI,2,XE)0201,55X767,DNJ,2, 1070 DATA FNI,2,133131,88676X,FNJ,3,
X00210,&54555'BpLP 101011,XX3543,887888'BVOK
DATA DNK,2,XH0210,553555,DPJL, 2, 1080 DATA FWK,3,131113,XX3543,886888,
X04220,X5465X'BOXQ FNL,3,10 3010,X8 55 55,X879SX'BDRN
DATA DNM,1, 554455, DNN , 1, X545SX , 1090 DATA fc'NM,3,100011,XX3233,887788,
DNO,1,X5154X'BMMR FNN,3,131214,XX3244,X8 789X'BDRO
DATA DNP,3,X5433X,6543XX,XX4332, 1100 DATA FNO,3,1X1212,XX3242,X8787X,
DNQ,2,X3 43 3X,X58576'BVJU
DATA DNR,3,12fllXX,X2313X,XX0101,. 1110 DATA FNQ,2,lX1221,X67f)6X,FNR,5,
12niXX,X2313X,XX01fll,XX3434,
DATA DNU,2,XXnilH,454554,DNV,2, X5646X'BKQJ
1120 DATA FNS,2,1232f!X,XX3465,FNT,2,
1212PX,XX34'15lBOMF
1130 DATA FNU,3,101001,XX3443,787887,
820 DATA DSC,2,XX4342,668876,DSD,2, FNV,2,X3 334 3,8888S8,FNW,1,
G6464X,668676'BOMN 1X1233(BJMK
830 DATA DSE,2,655333,663786,DSF,2, 1140 DATA FSA,2,244322,998676,FSB,2,
X6634X,66389G'BOLO 242352,99897X'BOQG
840 DATA DSG,2,6S664X,6G869G,DSH,2, 1150 DATA FSC,2,244222,X44675,FED,2,
•BOJP 242252,X44655'BOVH
I'OWERCLW 49
X2 313X,XX0101,4
GUITHR CHORD 1470

XX3434'BKJR
DATA GSS,2,XX6534,4565XX,GST,3,
1160 DATA FSE, 2, 24 332X , 9985G5 , t'Sb"1, 2, XX4 534,454 5XX,XX6778'BVHP
224422, X99("»7X'BOGJ 1480 DATA GSU,2,434334,XX677fi,GSV,2,
117(1 DATA FSG,2,242422,99997X,FSH,2, 4X4322,X6GG76'B0S0
2X4342,X98S7X'BOBK 1490 DATA GSW,2,4X4311,4X4566,*'BVDL
1100 DATA FSI,2,244242,99787X,FSJ,3, 1500 LL=40:REM LINE LENGTH,
XX2122,XX4G54,998999'BVDM FOR VIC=22'CAVF
1190 DATA FSK,3,242224,XX4254,997999, 1510 GOTO 2650'BEKA
FSL,2,XX4121,X96666'BVTN 1520 WI$="[SHFT -6]":FR$="(CMDR Q,
1200 DATA FSM,3,211122,XX4344,998899, SHFT +4,CMDR W]":NUT$="[CMDR A,
FSN,2,21222X,24 2325'BVWF CMDR R4,CMDR S]"'DMJT
1210 DATA FSO,3,2X2323rXX4353, 1530 DIM C$(24) :LC$ = "'"CKQE
X9898X'BBDC 1540 VTS="[HOME,DOWN26]"'BDBF
1215 DATA FSP,5,X5433X,6543XX,XX4332, 1550 BL$="[SPACE40]"'BDYJ
X9877X,XX8776'BPOL 1560 REM CHORD TVPES'BKWH
1220 DATA FSQ,2,2X2332,X7877X,FSR,5, 1570 C$(1)="MAJOR"'BFZI
2312XX,X34 24X,XX1212,5545XX, 1580 C$(2}="7TH"'BFNI
X6757X'BKHL 1590 C${3)="MINOR"'BFNK
1230 DATA FSS,2,2343XX,XX4576,FST,2, 1600 C$(4)="MIN 7TH"'BFWC
2323XX,XX4556'BOSH 1610 CS(5)="MAJ 7"'BFJC
124H DATA FSU,3,212112,XX4554,898998, 1620 C$(fi)="SU5 4"'BFRD
1630 C$(7)="7 SUS 4"'BFAF
1250 DATA FSW,1,2X2344,GNA,3,320003, 1640 C$(8)="6TH""BFSF
320033,355433,GNB,2,320031, 1653 C$(9)="MIN 6"'BFYG
353463'BJQM 1660 CS(11)="MIN 9"'BGNI
1260 DATA GNC,2,355333,X55786,GND,2, 1670 C$[10)="9TH"'BGMI
353363,X55766'BOFK 1680 C$(12)="MAJ 9"'BGCK
1270 DATA GNE,2,XX5432,35443X,GNF,2, 1690 C$(13)="6/9"'BGKK
3X0013335533'BNCL 1700 C$(14)="7 AUG 9"'BGVD
1280 DATA GNG,2,3X301X,353533,GNH,2, 1713 C$(15)="7 DIM 9"'BGTE
320000,3X5453'BOCM 1720 C$(16)="AUG"1BGBE
1290 DATA GNI,1,3X5353,GNJ,2,X2323X, 1730 C$(17)="7 AUG 5"'BGUG
XX323 3,GNK,2,3132XX,35 333 5'BCHQ 1740 CS{18)="DIMn'BGAG
1300 DATA GNL,2,32423X,XX5232,GNM,2, 1750 CS(19)="DIH 5"'BGHI
322233,XX5455'BOWF 1760 CS(20)="7 DIM 5"'BGLJ
1310 DATA GNN,2,32333X,353436,GNO,2, 1770 C$(21)="9 DIM 5"'BG0K
3231PX,3X3434'BOAG 1780 C$(22)="liTH'"BGHK
1320 DATA GNP,6,X210BX,3210XX,XX5443, 1793 C${23)="13TH"'BGKL
X5544X,7654XX,XX9887'BWLJ 1800 CS(24)=nnlBGHC
1325 DATA GNQ,2,3X3443,X8988X'BTJI 1810 REM MAIN ROUTINE'BLRF
1330 DATA GNR,fi,3423XX,X1202X,XX2323, 18 20 CN$="":PRINT"[CLEAR]";'CFJG
1830 GOSUB 2570'BEPF
1340 DATA GNS,2,XX4312,XX5f)87,GNT, 2, 1840 PRINT"{HOME,RVS]ENTER ROOT
34340X,XX5667'BOFJ (A-G)"'BALJ
1350 DATA GNU,2,323223,XX5565,GNV,2, 1850 GOSUB 2500:IF X$="Q"THEN PRINT"
3X3211,X55565'BONK [CLEAR]":END'GINM
1360 DATA GNW,2,3X3200,3X3455'BTIG 1860 IF X$<"A"OR XS>"G"THEN 1830'FIWM
1370 DATA GSA,2,XX1114,46S544,GSB,2, 1870 CN$=X$'BFBJ
XX1112,464574'BOGM 1880 PRINT LEFTS(VT$,18)CN$'CLBM
1380 DATA GSC,2,4G5444,xr;r.897,GSD,2, 1890 GOSUB 2570'BEPL
466474,X66877'EJ0NN 1900 PRINT"[HOME,RVS] [RVOFF]SfRVS]
1390 DATA GSE,2,XXf)543,46554X,GSfr\3, HARP [RVOFF]F[RVS]LAT [RVOFF]N
XX1124,4 4664 4,XX6899'BVTQ [RVS]ATURAL ?"'BAGK
1400 DATA GSG,3,XX1122,464S44,XX5879, 1910 GOSUB 2500:IF XS="S"OR XS="F"OR
GSH,2,XXllll,4X6 56 4tBVGI XS="N"THEN 1930*IPVH
1410 DATA GSI,2,XX1101,4X6454,GSJ,2, 1920 GOTO 1890'BEPF
X34 34X,XX4344'BOCH 1930 IF CN$=-"8"AND X$ = "3"THEN
1420 DATA GSK,2,464445,XX6476,GSL,2, 182»'FJPK
43534X,Xxr)343' BOGI 1940 IF CNS="E"AND XS="S"THEN
1430 DATA GSM,2,433344,XX6566,GSN,2, 1820'FJSL
43444X,464547'BOMJ 1950 IF CNS="C"AND XS="F"THEN
1440 DATA GSO,2,4342XX,4X4545'BTCF 1820'FJDM
1450 DATA GSP,5,X3211X,4321XX,XX6554, 1960 IF CNS="F"AND XS="F"THEN
X7655X,8765XX'BPWM 1820'FJGN
1460 DATA GSQ,1,4X4554,GSR,6,1201XX, 1970 REM ALLOW SHARPS ONLY'BPHO
50 ['EBRUARY/MARCH '85
1980 IF XS="F"AND CNS="A"THEN XS="S"
1990
:CN$="G"'HLFS
IF X$="F"THEN XS="S"
GUITRR CHORD
:CN$=CHRS(ASC(CNS)-l)'IQMU 2390 FOR 1=1 TO 6'DDJI
2000 PRINT LEFT$(VTS,18)CN$'CLBW 2400 IF MID$(CHSfI,l)="0"THEN PRINT
2010 CNS=CN$+XS'CIPX LEFTS(VT$,4)TAB(I-1)"0"
2020 PS="":IF XS="S"THEN :GOTO 2-330'JYSJ
P$="SHARP"'FHNC 2410 IF MIDS(CHS,I,1)="X"THEN PRINT
2030 PRINT LEFT$(VT$/18)TAB{2)P$'DMJB LEFTS(VTS,4)TAB(I-1)"X"
2040 GOSUB 2570'BEPY :GOTO 2430'JYRK
2050 REM CHOOSE CHORDS'BMTD 2420 PRINT LEFT$(VT$,6+2*(VAL(MID$
2 061) PRINT"[HOME,RVS]"LEFTS(BLS,LL) (CHS,I,1))-MN))TAB(I-1)"[SHFT Q]
:PRINT"[HOME,RVS] ENTER LETTER "'JBRM
:[DOWN]"'DJQI 2430 NEXT'BAEB
2070 FOR 1=1 TO 12'DEED 2410 IF NCOHM THEN PRINT" [ HOME , RVS]
2080 PRINT"[RVS]"CHRS t64 + 1)"[RVOFF] <RET> TO CONT.":GOSUB 2500
: "C$(I)TAB(LL/2)"[RVS] JlF XS=CHR$(13)THEN 2480'KULQ
"CHRS (76 + 1) " [RVOFF] : I'CS(I+12) 2450 IF NCOHM THEN GOTO 2440'FIPI
:NEXT'JCWP 24S3 PRINT"[HOME,RVSJRETURN OR 'Q'
2090 GOSUB 2500:IF X$=CHR$(13)THEN [SPACE9]":GOSUB 2500
2150'FPYJ :IF XS=CHRS(13)THEN GOTO
2100 IF XS<"AHOR X$>"X"7HEN 2040'FIIA 1820'HQOQ
2110 PRINT LEFT$(VT$,18}TAB(8)C$(ASC 2470 PRINT"[CLEAR}":END
(XS)-64) 'FLJUD 2480 NC=NC+1:READ CHS:GOTO 2240'EOTL
2120 CNS=CNS+XS'CIPA 249f! REM INPUT1BFFJ
2130 GOSUB 2570'BEPY 2530 GET XS:IF XS=""THEN 2500'EJAD
2140 PRINT"[HOME,RVS]PLEASE WAIT"'BAOC 2510 RETURN'BAQA
2150 PRINT LEFTS(VTS,3); 2520 REM DRAW NECK'BIVD
:FOR 1=1 TO 12'FNIG 2 53 0 PRINT LEFTS{VT$,5);'CICP
2160 PRINT LEFTS(BLSrLL-l):NEXT'EKQF 2540 FOR 1=1 TO G:PRINT FR$:PRINT WI$
2170 REM CHORD SEARCH'BLFF :NEXT'GMEJ
2180 GOSUrt 2590'BEHE 255(5 RETURN'BAQE
219(1 IF N$O"*"THEN 223(1'EGYH 2560 REM BLANK'BFVG
221J0 PRINT"[HOME,RVS]"LEFTS(BLS,LL) 2570 PRINT"[HOME,RVS]"LEFTS(BLS,LL)
:PRINT"[HOME,RVS]RETURN OR :RETURN'DJVK
lQ'"(DJAD 2580 REM READ CHORDS'BKJK
2210 GOSUB 2500:IF XS="Q"THEN PRINT" 2 59 a IF CNS< = LCSTHEN RESTORE'FGN.M
[CLEAR]":END'GIND 2600 READ NS:IF NS="*"THEN RESTORE
2220 GOTO 1820'BEIY :RETURN'GGIF
2230 NC=I:READ CHS'CHCB 2filO IF CNS=NSTIJEN LCS=CNS:READ HM
2240 GOSUB 253C:PRINT LEFTS (VTS, :RETURN'GPQI
4)LEFT$(BLS,6)'ETHG 2620 GOTO 2600'BEFD
2250 FOR 1=1 TO 6:IF VAL(MIDS(CHS,I, 26 3 3 REM CHORD DATA'BJZG
1))>5 THEN 2350'IUJK 2(540 REM TITLES'BGYG
2260 NEXT'BAEC 2550 PRINT"[CLEAR]"'BATG
2270 REM 1ST POSITION CHORDS'BRII 2660 REM OMIT NEXT 2 LINES FOR VIC,
2280 PRINT LEFT$(VT$,5)NUTS" C64'BYKN
[BACK ARROW]NUT"'CLKJ 2670 SC=32768:FOR I=SC TO SC+LL-1
2290 FOR 1=1 TO 6'DDJH :POKE I,224:POKE 1+960,224
2300 IF MID$(CH$,I,l)="fl"THEN PRINT :NEXT'KHHU
LEFTS(VTS,4)TAB(I-1)"0" 2680 FOR I=SC+LL TO SC+920 STEP LL
:GOTO 233f!'JYRI :POKE I,224:POKE I+LL-1,224
2310 IF MIDS(CH$,I,1)="X"THEN PRINT sNEXT1LDTV
LEFT$(VTS,4)TAB(I~1)"X" 2C90 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN A]"'BAOJ
:GOTO 2330'JYQJ 2700 PRINT TAB(9)"[SPACE2,SHFT 0,
2320 PRINT LEFTS{VTS,4+2*VAL(MIDS(CH$, CMDR T] [CMDR g,CMDR M,SPACES,
1,1)))TAB[I-1)"[SHFT Q]"'IWUJ SHFT L]"'CCAH
2330 NEXT:GOTO 2440'CFPC 2710 PRINT TAB(9)"[SPACE2,SHFT L,
2340 HEM HIGHER UP THE NECK'BPLF CMDR S,SHFT fi6,SHFT M,SHFT N,
2350 MN=24:FOR 1=1 TO 6 SHFT L4,SHFT N,SHFT Mi"'CCGQ
:X=VAL(MID$(CHS,I,1))"HVFL 2720 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN10]"TAB(13)"[RVS]
2360 IF XO0 THEN IF X<MN THEN GUITAR CHORDS"'CDHJ
«N=X'IIEK 2730 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN12]
237fl NEXT I'BBCE "TAB(25)"ANDY GAMBLE"'CDSJ
2380 PRINT LEFT$(VTS,5)TAB(6)" 2740 PRINT"[DOWN6)"TAB(8)"[RVS]
[BACK ARROW]"MN-1"[LEFT,SPACE2] PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"'CCQO
"'EMBL 27 5 0 GOSUB 250£1:GOTO 1520'CJWI
I'OWERI'LW 51
C0II1PUTER TUTOR BY DONALD J. EDD1NCTON
A Round with
Voices/Choices for the
VIC 20
JLfet's everyone gather around youi VIC 20. and get For visual interest, each variation has its own border
ready for a round—-the old sing-along favorite, "Row, and screen color combination. Finally, the END string
Row, Row Your Boat"! You are the maestro at this will give you a video show when you tire of the music
concert; you decide which voice leads and which voice portions of the program.
will end the round, So take baton in hand, push a few
letters on the keyboard, and lead your VIC 20 in a
How It Works
The screen is filled with descriptions and instructions
rousing rendition of "Row, Row Row Your Boat"!!
about the program. Seven input strings are printed, with
Getting It Started an explanation of what each one does. The VIC waits for
The idea for this program came to me from reading in your input. Any input which does not match one of the
the VIC 20 Programmer's Reference Guide about mak input strings exactly is rejected.
ing music with the VIC 20. Ail of the programs in that Matching input either sets the three voices so that
manual used only one voice, but it was hinted that they enter the round as you directed or invokes the END
three-voice music is possible. So, for several days I tried sequence. The screen and border colors are set; the VIC
to get three-voice music out of the VIC. I found even prints "(your selection) NOW PLAYING!" and plays the
two-voice music was difficult to get working. Getting round variation you selected. When the round ends, the
the two voices to play together was a real problem. screen and border colors revert to starting (standard)
Either the voices would get out of step, or else the colors. Then, the VIC asks for more input. If you select
prototype program played the music only in block the END string for input, the VIC will put on a little video
chords. It could not play a long note against several show for you, then end the program. C
short notes. When I tried taking out all silences (rests) in
the music, I got the long notes, but then could not play
10 REM VOICES/CHOICES PROGRAM SCORED
any repeated notes.
BY D.J.EDDINGTON
While experimenting with a way to put the rests back
20 PRINT"[CLEAR,PURPLE,BVS]ROW,ROW,
into the tune without losing the long notes, I finally got a
ROW YOUR BOAT A ROUND IN THREE
simple two-voice tune coded and running right. Then I
PARTS"
tried adding a third voice. That gave me very little
30 PRINT"[WHITEFRVS]SING ALONG IF YOU
further trouble. Now that I had found a way to put rests
WISH[SPACE2]—OR JUST LISTEN—
between repeated notes but still allow for long notes, I [SPACE2]"
decided to code a three-part round for the VIC 20. 40 C=36379:POKE C,27
100 REM DEFINE VOICES
Row, Row Round
110 PRINT"{RED,RVSJVOU GET TO CHOOSE
I chose the "Row. Row" round because it is a familiar
THE[SPACE2]ENTRY Of THE VOICES
piece, yet very few people have heard it in all six forms.
[SPACE2]"
At first, I could get VIC to play only one form of it, but I 112 H=36876:M=36875:L=36874:V=36878
later added to the program so that it could play all six
113 PRINT"[BLACK]TXPE ONE OF THE
variations. However, my main concern at this point was FOLLOWING LETTER GROUPS:[DOWN]"
just getting the round running and playing. This was 114 PRINT"[RVS,RED]HML(KVOFFJ
done by breaking all notes—long or short—into shorter = HIGH MIDDLE LOW [RVS]HLM[RV0FF]
notes. Rests were formed by using note values of zero to = HIGH LOW MIDDLE"
silence the correct voices. In this way, I got the three- 115 PRINT"[RVS]LMH[RV0FF]
voice round program to play one of the six variations = LOW MIDDLE HI
quite well. 116 PRINT"[RVS]LHM[RVOFF]
= LOW HIGH MIDDLE [RVS)MHL[RVOFF]
Voices/Choices Program = MIDDLE HIGH LOW"
Once I had all three voices playing well, I decided to 117 PRINT"[RVS]MLH[RVOFF]
make the program let you, the user, determine the order = MIDDLE LOW HIGH"
of the entry of the voices to the round. By setting each :PKINT"[RVS]ENDJRVOFF] = END
voice number to a variable, then assigning the variables [SHFT SPACE]OF PROGRAM[PURPLE,
to three-letter input strings (like HML or MLH), I let the DOWN]"
user select the variation he wanted to hear!! He could 120 INPUT X$
hear the soprano-tenor-bass variation with the HML 125 IF XS="HML"THEN S1=H:S2=M:S3=L
input string by typing this string then the RETURN key :POKE C,60:GOTO 20B
52 n-URUAKY/MAHCIl'85
COmPUTER TUTOR
130 IF X$="HLM"THEN S1=H: S2=L:S3=M
:POKE C,234:GOTO 200
135 IF X$="LMH"THEN S1=L: S2=M:S3=H
:POKE C,90:GOTO 200
140 IF X$="LHM"THEN S1=L: S2=H:S3=M
145 IF X$="MHL"THEN S1=M: S2=H:S3=L
150 IF X$="MLH"THEN S1=M: S2=L:S3=H
153 IF X$="END"THEN FOR T= 1 TO 9'J FUTURE FINDER
:PHINT"[DOWN,SPACE4,RED] Now you can probe [he Inline through [lie eyes ol your Pome
computer! Seek the unknown, search witli pure logic and release
THAT'S ALL!i";:POKE C ,T:NEXT
the creativity trapped within you' machine Makeyour own predic
154 IF X$="END"THEN PRINT 11 [CLEAR)". END tions of luiure events using this amazing piogram There's no time
155 GOTO 20 like trie present to sec the future, so order one today.
200 HEM PLAY NOTES OF THE ROW-ROW

ROUND
205 PRINT"[BLACK,RVS] "X$ f
" NOW PLAYING1":X=200 :Y=-1£J0

2X0 POKE V,10
220 READ P,U,R
230 IF P=0 THEN P=Y
235 IF Q=0 THEN Q=Y
240 IF R=0 THEN R=Y
250 IF P=-l THEN POKE SI, 0:POKE S2, 0
:POKE S3,0:RUN
260 READ D
270 POKE S1,P+X:POKE S2,Q+X
:POKE S3,R+X
275 FOR N=l TO D*9:NEXT N :GOTO 220 BODY BALANCE
400 REM NOTES FOR THE ROW-ROW ROUNC Well being is really just the proper balance between nuintion
FOLLOW and exercise. Not only will liie proper balance help prevent illness
but it also provides natural weight conirol' This program will grant
410 DATA 25,0,0,29,0,0,0, 1,25,0,0,29, your computer ihe ability to determine calorie consumption at
meals and [tie number of calorics burned through you daily
415 DATA 25,0,0,20,28,0,0 ,1O,31,0,E ,
activities II will even compute your proper weiglil1 You'll wonder
how you ever got along without this lire program
29,0,0,0,1
420 DATA 31,25,0,20,28,25 ,0,9,28,0, 0, ORDER BLANK
1,31,25,0,20,32,25,0, 10 Check one on each side
425 DATA 32,0,0,1,35,25,0 ,20,35,28, 0, a vie 20" □ Cassette
10,35,31,0,29,0,0,0,1 D C-W" D Diskette
430 DATA 40,31,25,10,0,31 ,25,10,40, 28,
25,9,40,28,0,1 Name
435 DATA 35,31,25,10,0,31 ,25,10,35, 32,

Address.
25,9,35,32,0,0
440 DATA 31,35,25,10,0,35 ,25,10,31, 35,
City_
28,10
445 DATA 25,35,31,10,0,35 ,31,10,25, 35,
Slate Zip.
31,9,25,35,0,1
450 DATA 35,40,31,10,35,0 ,31,10,32, 40, Please send me me lolluwmg.
28,10,31,35,31,10,31, 3,31,10,28 f
□ Future Finder S24 50
35,32,10 D Body Balance S24 50
455 DATA 25,31,35,10,25,0 ,35,10,25, 31, □ Both Programs SAO 00
35,10,25,25,35,10,25, 3,35,10,25 1
25,35,10 Make Check or Money Order Payable to

460 DATA 0,35,40,10,0,35 ,0,10,0,32 t
40,10,0,31,35,10,0,31 ,0,10,0,28 1
Accelerating Technologies
35,10 PO Bo»253
Marshfield. Wl S4449
465 DATA 0,25,31,10,0,25,1 1,10,0,25, 31,
10,0,25,25,10,0,25,0,.10,0,25,25 ,10 Or leel Iree to use our custamei informaiion add/ess, simply wtiie
470 DATA 0,0,35,20,0,0,32 10,0,0,31 r to Gary A Huetil. 91J State Streei. Marshliold. Wl 5-1449
20,0,0,28,10,0,0,25,61 1,-1,-1,-1
£i»"»KKIC'i-« .mi VIC *).lr -aanrj... u' rilMlllltll fan V.W M I I
POWERPUY S3
COmPUTER TUTOR BY JERRY A. STL'RDIVA-NT
Quick Load
H .ere is a technique for quick program loading. No

more loading the wedge just for a couple of programs.
No more having to run your cursor over and add a To load a program from disk using
comma and an eight and a colon (or space bar until the
'PRG' is gone). Or trying to remember if you are sup this technique, all you do is go to
posed to add a "comma one" or not.
This technique follows the closing quote in the pro
the program title line, type LOAD
gram title of your directory with the items necessary for
a Quick Load: either a colon, a comma eight and a
and hit RETURN.
colon, or a comma eight/comma one (no colon needed
after this), When your directory comes up on the screen, When you send a title less than 16 characters long to
it can look like any one of the following: the disk, the remaining unused "places still hold the
25 "REMOTE ADRS",8,1: PRG number 160. When you ask your disk drive to show you
25 "TITLE FOR 64",8: PRG what is on the disk, it starts sending the 16 characters to
25 "TITLE FOR PETS": PRG your computer to put on the screen.
To load the above programs, all you have to do is go to The disk drive sends the characters until it sees a
the program title line and put in LOAD (or L shifted 0) number 160. When it sees the 160, it thinks it has
and hit return. The bottom line is for BASIC 4.0, which reached the end of the title and instead of sending a
will use D shifted L. character 160, it sends a quote. Then for every 160 after
It is all in how you save it. Here is how it is done. that it subtracts 128, which sends a 32. A 32 is a space.
Enter a one-line program such as 10 REM. To save the If your title is two words, then you must have hit the
program, get on a clear line and type SAVE, or the space bar between the words when you made the title.
popular S and shifted A. Then type a quote. A space bar is a number 32.
Under normal circumstances, you would be able to As it happens, a shifted space is a 160. So when the
make the program title up to 16 characters long. This disk drive is sending the title and sees the 160 (the
technique will limit your title to 14 characters or less, shifted space we put in) it sends a quote, then it sub
depending on what you wish to place after the last tracts 128 from the remaining characters and sends
quote. them. But rather than 32's (spaces), it sends the charac
Enter a program title, in this case letters A through L ters we put in, minus 128, The logo D we sent comes
(12 letters). Now hold down the shift key and hit the back as a comma. The U comes back as an eight, the E
space bar. This puts in a shifted space, as a one and the @ as a colon.
Then hold down your Commodore logo key (the one
with the C = on it) and press the D key then the U key.
The PET
If you have a PET, you can have a colon after the
Release the Commodore key. Now hold down the shift
quote in the program title, which is all you need for
key and press the @ key. Release the shift key.
BASIC 4.0.
Hit a quote, then a comma, then an eight. There
Again, you can send no more than 16 characters to
should be a total-of 16 characters between the quotes.
the disk so you will be limited to a 14-character title or
Now hit return. Your program will save.
less.
Bring up your directory and take a look. You should
In place of typing SAVE, you can type DSAVE or D
have this:
shift S, then a quote. After your fourteenth character or
1 "ABCDEFGHIJKL",8: PRG
less, hold down the shift key and hit the space bar (this
If you wish to have a "comma one" after the "comma
will give you a quote when it comes back) then release
eight", you will be limited to 11 or less characters in
the shift key.
your program name. The procedure is the same as
Now hit the colon and return. The program will save
above except after pushing the D and U keys, also press
and come back with the colon after the second quote.
the D key again and then the E key. This will add the
If you are saving a program for someone with a Com
comma one. You will not need the colon.
modore 64 and wish to add the comma eight, here is
You can easily change your present directory by using
how. Enter a D, a shifted S and a quote. Enter the title
the disk command RENAME.
(12 characters or less) and a shifted space. Now hold
What's Happening? down the shift key and press the comma, then the eight
You are limited to sending 16 characters to your disk (and the comma and one if you wish those, but the title
for the title of a program. The 16 locations, set aside on will be limited to 11 characters or less). Release the shift
your disk for the title, have the number 160 in them. key and hit return to save the program. C
54 K1CHKUAUY/MAKCH '83
COmPUTER TUTOR BYANDY GAMBLE
Sprite Catalog
M. freely admit it: I am no artist. When a friend turns out Loading a Sprite: Select "L" and enter the file name
a useful sprite, I often jot down the data for use in my from the disk directory.
own programs, As a result, it occurred to me that it Printing a Sprite: Press "P" for a paper printout of the
would be great if there were a list, a library or a catalog sprite and data numbers.
of sprites readily available for anyone to use. Enter, Quitting the Program: Do it gracefully by the "Q" key!
stage left, this program and the accompanying chal The best way to use a sprite from the catalog in your
lenge to readers. own program is the usual way: type the numbers as
SPRITECAT maintains a catalog of sprites on a disk in data to be read in your program. It is, of course, possible
sequential files. You can also create a new sprite by to get them directly from the sequential files using this
entering data numbers, edit that data and so change the short routine:
sprite, change sprite color and screen colors, use multi INPUT "FILENAME";FLS:OPEN1,8,4,FL$+",S,R"
color, expand the sprite and print a hard copy. FOR 1=1 TO 63:INPUT #1:SD:POKE 703 + I,SD:NEXTI
But that's only half the battle. The good part is where
This will put the sprite data into block 11 (locations 704
you join in! 1 would like to have readers submit sprites
to 766). Change it according to your needs.
they have created and are willing to share with others.
That's all there is to it. Not that I am suggesting that
Periodically we'll publish the best sprites in Powei/Play
you should just he back and let the sprites come rolling
and you'll be able to choose from the "Sprite Catalog"
in! All this demands your participation. If you have
those sprites which seem most useful to you, and keep
sprites that you're proud of, send them in. We'll publish
them on disk for your personal library. Need a pointing
the best entries and award the authors a free year's
hand? Don't draw it, load it' Need a wheel? Don't re
subscription. q
invent it.
First, an explanation of SPRITECAT. The program is
entirely menu-driven and thus, easy to use. The top line Send your sprites to: Sprite Catalog, c/o Power/
of the screen is reserved for the set of commands avail Play, Contemporary Marketing, Inc., 1200 Wilson
able. Pressing "H" for help gets you a description of all Drive, West Chester, PA 19380.
these commands. Sequential files on disk in the SPRITECAT format
Entering New Data: Select "N" and simply type the are required, and disks cannot be returned. Please
63 numbers needed to define a sprite, pressing RETURN don't send whole programs. Use a "M"on the end of
after each one, of course. You will see the sprite grow on the file name to indicate a multicolor sprite (eg
the left of the screen as you type. The format for these 63 RAINBOW. M).
numbers is always 21 rows of three numbers. Numbers

out of the correct range (zero to 255) will be rejected. If 100 REM SPRITECAT'BJLX
you make a mistake in entering the number, there are 110 REM ANDY GAMBLE SEPT 1984'BSQB
two ways to correct it. If you have already pressed the 130 CUS="[LEFT13]"'BDPH
RETURN key after the number, see the section on edit 140 BLS = " tRVS,SPACE40]'"BDRF
ing. Otherwise, pressing the asterisk will erase that 15D CL$="[RVS,SHFT L,SPACt;2, SHFT M,
faulty number. Pressing RETURN without typing a num SPACE2,SHFT X,SPACE2,SHFT y. ,
ber is a fast way to enter zeros. The program'returns to SPACE2,SHFT N,SPACE2,SHFT D,
the menu after all 63 numbers have been input. SPACE2,SHFT S,SPACE2,SHFT C,
Editing Sprite Data: "E" will put you in the edit SPACE2,SHFT Q,SPACE2,SHFT E,
mode. The first piece of data will be highlighted in SPACE2,SHFT P,SPACE2,SHFT H]ELP
[SPACE3]"'BDNP
reverse video. Hold down or press the space bar until
160 MES = "LMXYNDSCQ.HEP":MM$="BC01MR"
the number you wish to change is highlighted, and
:POKE 53272,23'DQXL
press RETURN. The correct number can now be entered
(on the command line). 170 DIM SD(G3):VC=53248sCOL=l:BC=0
Expansion: The "X" and "Y" keys expand and con 180 FOR 1=1 TO 63:POKE 703+1,0
tract in the X and Y directions.
:NEXT'GMWJ
Multicolor: Select "M" and another menu will appear. 190 POKE VC+32,9:POKE VC+33,BC
A second "M" turns on the multicolor. The sprite coior. :PRINT CHR$(129)'GUKM
background color and the two multicolors can be 200 POKE 2040,11:PQKE VC+39,COL
changed by the C, B, zero and one keys respectively. :POKE VC+21,1:POKE VC,70
"R" takes you back to the mam menu. :POKE VC+1,140'IMAJ
Saving to Disk: The "S" key gives you a prompt for 210 PRINT CHR$(147)CL$:GOSUB 390'DMXB
the filename and saves the sprite to disk. Any disk errors 220 REM *** MAIN PROG ***'B0GB
will be reported on the command line. 230 GOSUB 1900'BELA
Checking the Disk Directory: The directory can be 240 FOR 1=1 TO LEN(MES)
viewed by selecting "D." :IF X$=MID$(ME$,I,1)THEN 270'IWPJ
I'OWERPLAY 55
he
640 BC=BC+1:IF BC=16 THEN BC=fl'GNIL

CBTH10G 650 POKE VC+33,BC:RETURN'DIJI
660 REM • MULTICOLOR S3 *'BONK
250 IF XS=CHRS(ASC(MIDS(MES,I, 570 M0=M0+1:IF M0=16 THEN M0=0'GNGN
1) )+128)THEN 271) ' HVQK 680 POKE VC+37,M0:RETURN'DIFL
260 NEXT:GOTO 23CCERD 690 REM * MULTICOLOR #1 *'BOON
270 ON I GOSUB 300,480,760,790,820, 700 M1=M1+1:IF Ml=16 THEN M1=0'GNKH
1070,1210,1340,1370,1390,1540, 710 POKE VC+38,Ml:RETURN'DIHF
1790'CFPO REM * MULTICOLOR ON/OFF *'BSWI
280 GOTO 230'BDEF "30 IF PEEK(VC+28)=0 THEN POKE VC+28,1
290 REM *** LOAD SPRITE *«*'BQEJ :RETURN'IOKM
300 PRINT"[CLEAR]"BLS"[HOME,RVS, 740 POKE VC+28,0:RETURN'DHDI
SHFT F]ILE NAME";'BEOC 750 REM *** X-EXPAND ***'BOHJ
310 INPUT FLS'BDIY 760 IF PEEK(VC+29)=0 THEN POKE VC+29,1
320 FOR I=LEN(FLS)TO 1 STEP-1 :RETURN"IOMP
:IF MIDS(FLS,I,1)=" "THEN 770 POKE VC+29,0:RETURN'DHEL
FLS=LEFTS(FL$,I-1):NEXT'OFVO 780 REM *** Y-EXPAND **«'B0IM
330 OPEN 15,8,15:OPEN 1,8,4,FL$+",S, 790 IF PEEK(VC+23)=0 THEN POKE VC+23,1
R"'DRKG :RETURN'IOAS
340 INPUT#15,A$,BS,C$,DS 800 POKE VC+23,0:RETURN'DHXF
:IF VAL(AS)=0 THEN 380'FXBI 810 REM *** ENTER DATA *«*'BPJH
3 50 PRINT"[HOME]"BLS"[HOME,RVS]"B$" 820 PRINT"[HOME]"BLS"[HOME,RVS,SHFT E]
: ";:GOSUB 1920'CLSG NTER DIGITS ONLY, ENDING WITH
360 GOSUB 1900'BELE RETURN"'BDRQ
373 GOTO 390'BDLF 830 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN3]";'BBAG
380 FOR 1=1 TO 63:INPUT|1,SD(I) 840 FOR 1=1 TO 21:PRINT TAB[20)"
:POKE 703+1,SD(I):NEXT'HYYO [SPACE16]":NEXT'GJMN
390 POKE VC+21,1:PRINT"[HOME,DOWN2] 8 50 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN2]"TAB(23J"[RVS,
"TAB(23)"[RVS,SHFT D]ATA"'EKFM SHFT D]ATA":PRINT TAB(21);'EIKM
400 FOR 1=1 TO 63 STEP 3'EFYB 860 FOR 1=1 TO 63 STEP 3'EFYL
410 PRINT TAB(20);"CECB 870 FOR J=0 TO 2'DDFL
420 FOR J=0 TO l'DDEC 880 SDS= BDIL
430 PRINT SD(I+J)",";:NEXT'DIAE 890 PRINT"[CMDR @,LEFT]";'BBXN
440 PRINT SD(I+2)'CGPE SUB 19O0:LS=LEN(SDS)'DMBH
450 NEXT'BAED "910 IF X$="*"THEN PRINT LEFT3(CUS,

460 PRINT"[HOME)"CLS:CLOSE 15:CLOSE 1*^ LS)MIDS(BLS,2,LS+1)LEFTS(CUS,
:RETURN'EJNI LS+1);:GOTO 830'KKXS
470 HEM *** MULTI-COLOR ***'BHSJ 920 IF LS=3 THEN GOTO 950'EGUl
4 80 PRINT"[CLEAR]"BL$"[HOME,RVS, 930 IF X$> = "0"AND XS< = "9"THt;N
SHFT MJULTICOLOR: [SHFT B,SPACE3, SDS=SD$+X$:PRINT XSj'KQCO.
SHFT C,SPACE3]0[SPACE3]1[SPACE3, 940 IF XS=CHR$(13)AND LS=0 THEN
SHFT M,SPACE3,SHFT R]"'BDSR PRINT"0";'HKRO
49 0 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN2]"TAB(15)" 950 IF XS=CHRS(13)GOTO 970'EJSM
[SHFT B] = [SHFT B] 960 GOTO 890'BDQK
ACKGROUND COLOR"'CDDP 970 SD=VAL(SDS):If SD<=255 THEN
500 PRINT" [DOWN] "TAB (15) " [S11FT C] = 100fl'GRWR
. [SHFT S]PRITE COLOR" ;CDFG 980 LS=LEN(SD$):PRINT LEFTSICUS,

510 PRINT"[DOWN]"TAB(15) '0 = [SHFT M] LSJMIDS(BL$,2,LS+1)LEFTS(CUS,
ULTICOLOR #0'"CDWG LS+1);'IMAA
520 PRINT"[DOWN]"TAB(15) ■1 = [SHFT M] 990 GOTO B80'i3DPN
ULTICOLOR {J1"'CDYH 1000 IF J<2 THEN PRINT" , "j

530 PRINT"[DOWN]"TAB(IS) 1[SHFT M] = :G0TO 1020'FIOX
[SHFT M]ULTICOLOR ON/OFF"'CDLK 1010 PRINT" ";'BBST

540 PRINT"[DOWN]"TAB(15)"[SHFT R] = 1020 SD(I+J)=SD:POKE 703+I+J,SD'FRFC
[SHFT RJETURN TO MAIN MENU"'CDYL 1030 EHTY
NEXT J:PRINT:PRINT TAB(211:'EHT'
550 GOSUB 1900'BELF 1040 NEXT I'BBCW
560 FOR 1=1 TO LEN(MMS)"EHJJ 1050 PRINT"[CLEAR] ■CL$:GOSUB 390
570 IF XS=MIDS(MMS,I,1JTHEN 680 EOKL : RETURN'DILC
580 IF XS=CHRS(ASC(MID5(MMS,I, 106!) REM *"* DISKIF ***'BMSC

1))+128)THEN 600"HVVQ 1070 PRINT"[CLEAR]"BLS:PRINT TAB(5)
590 NEXT:GOTO 550'CEWJ :POKE VC+21,0'FORG
600 ON I GOSUB 540,1340,670,700, 10845 OPEN 1,8,0,"S0"'BGSD
730'CVUF 1093 GETjfl ,AS,AS'BIXE
1100 GET#1,A$,AS'BIXV
610 IF 1=6 THEN PRINT"[CLEAR]"BLS
:GOSUB 390:RETURN'GKIH 1110 IF AS=""THEN 1170'DGSX
620 GOTO 550'BDJD 1120 GETItl,A$,B$'BIYX
630 REM * BACKGROUND COLOR *'BRPI 1130 PRINT ASC(AS+CHRS(D)J+ASC
56 1;KBRUAKY/MAKCH'S5
(BS+CHRS(D))*25G;'JSNG
1150 IF A$=""THEN PRINT:P!UNT TA6(5);

:GOTO 110'J'HLRF 1510 GOSUB 1900'BELA
1160 PRINT AS;:GOTO 1140'CISC 1520 PRINT" [CLEAR] "CLS-.POKE VC+21,1
1170 CLOSE 1:PRINT" [HOME] "BL$" [HOME]"; :GOSUB 390:RETURN'FPWG

:GOSUB 1920'DLXF 1530 REM**** EDIT ****'BMFE
1180 GOSUB 1900'BELD 1540 PRINT"[HOME]"BLS"[HOME,RVS]
PRINT"[CLEAR]"CL$:POKE VC+21,1 SPACE TO CONTINUE,
1190
:GOSUB 390:RETURN'FPWJ RETURN TO SELECT"'BDKN
1200 REM *** SAVE SPRITE ***'BQTY 15 5 0 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN 3] "TAB(20) ;'CEVf
1210 PRINT"[HOME]"BLS"[HOME,RVS, 1560 FOR 1=1 TO 63 STEP 3'EFYH
SHFT F]ILE NAME";'BEQA 1570 FOR J=0 TO 21DDFH
1220 INPUT FLS'BDIX 158 0 PRINT"[RVS]"SD(I+J)LEFTS(CUS,
1230 FOR I=LEN{FL$)TO 1 STEP-1 LEN(STR$(SD(I+J)))+l);'HYCQ
:IF MID${FLS,I,1)=" "THEN 1590 GOSUB 1900:IF X$=" "THEN PRINT"
FLS=LEFT$(FLS,I-1):NEXT'OPVN [RVOFF]"SD(I+J}"[RIGHT]";
1240 OPEN 15,8,15:OPEN I,8,4,FLS+",S, :GOTO 1750'HTXQ
W"'DRPF 1600 IF XSOCHR$(13)THEN 1590'FKRE
1250 INPUT»15,A$,BS,CS,D$ 1610 PRINT"[HOME)"BL$"[HOME,RVS,
:IF VAL(A$)=0 THEN 1290'FYAH SHFT E]NTER NEW DATA: ";'BECG
12G0 PRINT"[HOME]"BL$"[HOME,RVS]"B$" 1620 SD$= BDIC
: " ; :GOSUB 1920'CLSF 1630 PRINT"[CMDR @,LEFT]";'BBXE
1270 GOSUB 1900'BELD 1640 GOSUB 1903:LS=LEN(SD$)'DMBH
1280 GOTO 1320'BEDE 1650 IF XS=B*"THEN PRINT LEFT$(CU$,
1290 FOR 1=1 TO 63'DEKG LSJMIDS(BL$,2,LS+1)LEFT$(CUS,
1300 PRINT(fl,SD(I) "BHMX LS+1);'JGYR
1310 NEXT'BAEW 1G55 IF X5="*"GOTO 1620'DGDM
1320 PRINT"[HOME]"CLS:CL03E 15:CLOSE 1 1660 IF LS=3 THEN GOTO 1680'EHOJ
::RETURN1EKVC 1670 IF X$>="0"AND XS<="9"THEN
1330 REM **** COLOR ****'BNSC SD$=SDS+XS:PRINT XS;'KQCQ
1340 COL=COL+1:IF COL=16 THEN 1680 IF X$=CHR$(13)AND LS=0 THEN
COL=0'GRHI ^_ PRINT"0":GOTO 1713'IOWP
1350 POKE VC+39,COL:RETURN'DJYF 1690 IF XS=CKRS(13)THEN 1710'EKOM
1360 REM **•* QUIT ***«'BMIF 1700 GOTO 1G30'BEHB
1370 PRINT"[CLEAR]";:POKE VC+21,0 1710 SD=VAL(SD$J 'CHAE
:POKE 53272,21:END'FSMK 1720 IF SD>255 THEN PRINT"[LEFT4,RVS,
1380 REM **** HELP ****'BMIH SPACE5,LEFT4]";:GOTO 1620'FLYN
1390 PRINT"[CLEAR]"BL$"[HOME,RVS, 1730 SD(I+J)=SD:POKE 703+I+J,SD1FRFK
SHFT H]ELP: ";:GOSUB 1920 1740 PRINT"[CLEAR]"CL$:GOSUB 390
:POKE VC+21,0'EQWN :RETURN'DILI
1400 PRINT"[DOWN,RVS,SHFT L.RVOFF] = 1750 NEXT J:PRINT:PRINT TAB(20);'EHSI
[SHFT L]OAD SPRITE FROM 1760 NEXT I'BBCG
DISK"'BAAF 1770 PRINT"[HOME]"CLS:RETURN•CENJ
1410 PRINT"[DOWN,RVS,SHFT M,RVOFF] = 1780 REM **•• PRINT ****'BNHL
[SHFT MjULTI-COLOR MODE"'BAPF 1790 PRINT"[HOME]"BLS"[HOME,RVS,
1420 PRINT"[DOWN,RVS,SHFT X.RVOFF] = SHFT P]RINTING.,.":OPEN 4,4'CHLP
[SHFT E]XPAND IN X-DIRECTION"'BA 1800 PRINT#4,FLS:PR1NTS4'CHED
UH 1810 FOR 1=1 TO 61 STEP 3'EFWF
1430 PRINT"[DOWN,RVS,SHFT Y.RVOFf] - 1820 FOR J=0 TO 2:BI=128:bI$=""
[SHFT EJXPAND IN Y-DIRECTION"'BA :SD=SD(I+J)"HWPM
hi
1830 IF SD<BI THEN BIS=BIS+" ":BI=BI/2
1440 PRINT"[DOWN,RVS,SHFT N.RVOFF] = :GOTO 1850'IVHO
[SHFT K]NTEH NEW SPRITE 1840 BI$=BIS+1I[SHFT Q]":SD^SD-BI
DATA""BAFJ :BI=BI/2'GTNO
1450 PRINT"[DOWN,RVS,SHFT D,RVOFF] = 1850 IF BI>=1 THEN 1830'EHDK
[SHFT D] ISK i1ENU'"BADH I860 PRINTH,BI$; : NEXT; PRINTff4 ,
1460 PRINT"[DOWN,RVS,SHFT S,RVOFF] = SD(I)SD(I+l)SD(I+2)'FCAQ
[SHFT S]AVE SPRITE TO DISK"'BAAL 1870 NEXT'BAEI
1470 PRINT"[DOWN,RVS,SHFT C.RVOFF] =
1880 CLOSE 4:PHINT"[HOME]"CLS
[SHFT C]HANGE SPRITE COLOR"'BASM :RETURN'DGCM
1480 PRINT"[DOWN,RVS,SHFT E,RVOFF] = 1890 REM **** GET S/R ****'BOVN
[SHFT E]DIT SPRITE DATA'"BATM 1900 GET X$:IF XS=""THEN 1900'EJDG
1490 PRINT"[DOWN,RVS,SHFT P,RVOFF] a 1910 RETURN'BAQD
[SHFT P]RINT SPRITE"'BAWM 1920 PRINT"[RVS,SHFT P]
1500 PRINT"[DOWN,RVS,SHFT Q,RVOFF] = RESS SPACE TO CONTINUE"
[SHFT UJUIT PROGRAM"'BAOE :RETURN'CBDM
I'OWI-KPLW 57
COmPUTER TUTOR BY MARK JORDAN
A Computerized
Birthday Card for the
Commodore 64
ow do you say happy birthday to your sweetheart?
Buy a card? Write a note? Just plain say it?
Have you ever considered using your Commodore 64?
With the VIC and SID chips at your disposal, you can
create a card that will do more than just spell out the
greeting: it will sing and dance your thoughtful message
into your sweetie's heart.
Sound too hard? It isn't, because the hardest part is
already done—just type in the listing and the card is
done, complete with animated sprites, three-part har
mony and a punchy ending. Then, by simply typing in
two tiny changes, you can personalize this musical mes
sage to suit your special occasion.
Of course, you could design and program your own
card idea for a completely personal greeting. If you have
the skills, do it. But if you are a little uncertain about
How to Run It
Like every good piece of software, this one needs a
coordinating sprites with music, or if you just lack the
little instruction in how to run it. Here's the scenario. In
confidence to design it yourself, by all means use this
private, get it typed in and debugged. You'll note in your
program as a starter. Don't let the length of the listing
initial run that before the program will begin, you must
scare you. It is long (actually. I condensed this version to
"Press any key." Lines 50 and 55 cause this little delay.
make it magazine-acceptable). But the ' 'Magazine Entry
Its purpose is so that, when you're finally ready to pres
Program" in this magazine will help you enter the- code
ent it to your special friend, you can, in private, get the
correctly.
program running up to this point and then invite the
I think you'll find it worth the effort. And. by examin
card's recipient into the room. Direct him/her to the
ing the program explanation below, you can enhance
computer and then step back and watch.
your use of sprites and music. With this listing as a
Let me warn you, this program cannot be used hun
prototype, you can modify and personalize the program
dreds of times and it won't help make your life more
to become dozens of different greeting cards. The ulti
efficient. But I believe you'll find it a worthwhile addi
mate hope is that, after seeing and hearing how effec
tion to your collection of programs. It's fun, it's novel,
tively your 64 will send birthday or holiday greetings,
and it just might help draw that hesitating friend or
you will write your own.
sweetheart into a more intimate relationship with not
How to Type it In only you, but also your Commodore 64. Better yet, you
In typing "Birthday Boy" (or "Birthday Girl") in you may find that your Commodore 64 has a range of uses
will note that data lines 430-745 are very neatly arranged you hadn't considered up to now.
in three-digit units. Feel free to leave off any leading
Program Explanation
zeros in any three-digit number. For example, if the
number is 031, simply type m 31. Lines
You'll also notice an alternate set of data (or the 10- 20 Set variables and screen
25 Read in screen pokes
sprites. If you are a male, type in the data in the main
30- 40 Read in three voices' high frequencies, low
listing. (This will yield a male sprite, "Mr. Dark
frequencies, and durations into arrays
Glasses.") If you are a female, use the alternate set of
data (and get Mr. Glasses' female counterpart, 45 Read in sprite data
50- 55 Allow user to continue program
"Blondie"). By inserting your own sprite data you can
make this a birthday card to anyone, male or female, 60- 110 Set sprite variables and values
115 - 120 Program control loop
friend or foe.
Once you've got it typed in, please resist the tempta 125- 135 Subroutine for setting up "inside" screen of
tion to run it immediately. Save it first, just in case you card
made some typing error that will crash it. Then person 140- 205 Subroutine for ' 'outside" design of card
alize it. You can do this by changing the name Sherry in 210- 290 Subroutine to play music and move sprites
line 315 to the name of your favored one, and the name (see further breakdown below)
Mark in line 330 to your own name. 295- 300 Subroutine to "open" card
COmPUTER TUTOR
305 Subroutine to change sprites 15 DIM VH(25),VL(25),VD(25),UH{21),
310 - 335 Subroutine to print "inside" message UL(21),UD(21),WH(21),WL{21), '
340 - 360 Subroutine to print decorative border WD(21)'BMLP
20 POKE BO,4:POKE BA,1:PRINT"[CLEAR]";
365 Screen pokes
'DLSC
370 - 420 Music data
25 FOR T=l TO 8:READ A(T):NEXT'FJVH
425 - 745 Sprite data
30 FOR T=l TO 25:READ VH(T),VL{T),
Breakdown of Music Loop VD{T):NEXT'FXVH
35 FOR T=l TO 19:READ UH(T),UL(T),
210 Clear SID chip UD(T):NEXT'FXVM
215 Turn on volume, set attack/decay 40 FOR T=l TO 21;READ WH(T),WL(T),
220 Set sustain/release WD(T):NEXT'FXUI
225 Set duration indexes 45 FOR T=12288 TO J.2798:READ A
230 - 240 Check if note duration countdown is over :POKE T,A:NEXT'GSNM
and if. so, turn off voice 50 PRINT"{CLEAR,DOWN,SPACES]
245 Change the pointer of two sprite music TOUCH ANY KEY, SWEETIE"'BAHJ
notes to make them dance 55 GET AS:IF A$=""THEN 55'EHRJ
250 Loop to release note 60 POKE V+21,195'CHVE
255 - 265 Poke in low and high frequencies 65 FOR T=0 TO 7:POKE 2040+T,192+T
270 Poke wavelengths and turn on voices :NEXT'HPSO
275 Check if note 25 in voice 1 then print final 70 FOR T=0 TO 10 STEP 2:POKE V+T,172
message rNEXT'HNLK
280 Check if note 20 in voice 1 then change 75 POKE V+12,75:POKE V+14,255
sprites . :POKE V+8,161'GVRQ
285 Check if note 19 in voice 1 thBn open card 80 POKE V+1,191:POKE V+3,210
290 Hold note, then loop back C :POKE V+5,210:POKE V+7,191
:POKE V+9,171'KJFR
10 BO=5328O:BA=53281:SC=1024:CC=55296 85 POKE V+ll,191:POKE V+13,100
:X=156:X1=4:V=53248:S=54 :POKE V+15,190'GXYR
:MU=-1'KHAQ 90 POKE V+28,63:POKE V+37 ,Q Continued on pg.60
An integrated business software package

for the C-64™ for $1.59 a Program?
Yes.
The Intellgent Software Package for C-64™, VIC™, SX-64™, Plus 4". 1B~, 'B'-Series™. and PET/CBM™.
No games, no fancy packaging, and you can't buy it anywhere but here. But: 22 powerful, useful programs that
will put your Commodore to work right now, in your home or office; all on one disk at the ridiculous price of
S35. Includes:
Database: A complete mufti-keyed fixed-record-length data base Also Included: ReportGen, ReportMerge [interface W/P with
manager. Sort or select [using alreiatJonaloperBtors:, = >, <,AND, Database to create form letters, statements, invoices, maing labete.
OR, NOT, wild card] on any field, perform computations on numeric other repons.]; Baseball Statistician (compiles betting statistics
fields. Any operation can be performed on a!, or orty selected records. for a baseball league]; several W/P utilities, including Index [indexes
All fields completely user-definable. Can be used for any number of W/P's text files]; several Database utilities, including DBmergo
tasks, including accounting, mailing lists, inventory control, record, [faciitates multi-file database applications.], AND DBStat [analyzes
tape, or book cataloging, expense account menmtenance, or as an D/B files]: a programming utility, ASCII, which converts text files
etectronc rolodex. Even if you use your Commodore for nothing else, [program listings] into program files; also Checkbook: Inventory;
this program alone might justify its expense. Pupor Route; Loan Analysis; Breakeven Analysis; Deprecia
Word Processor: The orginal word processor for Uie VIC-2D, W/P tion; Labeler; more.
is now available for all CBM models. A full-featured menu-driven word
Versions of the package ere available for any and every Commodore
processor inckjding very fast fte commands fjndudng a dsk catalog],
computer having e minimum of 10k RAM [does it say 'Commodore'
screen editing, text locating and full control over margins, spacing,
on it? How about on the box it came in?] Add $3 if you have an 8050
paging, indentation, and justification. "... weS done and highly func
disk drive. Al programs will fully support tape, disk, and printer. The
tional . . Provides an excellent alternative to the high priced word
package is available only on disk; however, you may order eny two
processors . . . this is an excellent buy. Highly recommended." —
programs on cassette for S20. Price includes documentation and
Midnite Software Gazette. "Provides good basic feaures." — Com
pute's Gazette,
shipping within USA and Canada; aB other countries, add $5 [no per
sonal checks from outside USA]. No charge cards. For C.O.D..
Copycalc: An electronic spreadsheet. Turns your Commodore into
enclose £5 fee; Calif, residents add B%. This ad is the catalog.
a visible balance sheet; includes screen editor. "Excellent program
for budgeting, estimating, or any math-oriented use . . . well worth
the money. Highly recommended." — Midnite Software Gazette.
Intelligent Software Box A Dept. P

Quafty Software since 198?
San Anselmo, CA 94960
POWERI'UY 59
BIRTHDflV HMD 260 POKE S+7,UL(Y):POKE S+8,UH(Y)■ERLI
265 POKE S+14,WL(Z):POKE S+15,
.■POKE V+38,7'GSDM WH(Z)'ETDO
95 FOR T=39 TO 44:POKE V+T, 2 : NEXT1 GLLQ 270 POKE S+4,17:POKE S+11,17
100 POKE V+45,15:POKE V+46,15 .•POKE S+J.g,17'GTJK
:POKE V+29,lfi'GUUD 275 IF Q=25 THEN 310'DGWL
105 POKE V+39,2:POKE VV+40,2 280 IF Q=20 THEN GOSUB 305'EGMH
:POKE V+41,2:POKE V+42,2 235 IF 0=19 THEN GOSUB 295'EGDM
:POKE V+43,14:POKE V+44,2'MMKP 290 FOR T=l TO 100:NEXT:GOTO 230'FKBK
110 POKE V+45,12:POKE V-t-46 ,1 2 ' ENNB 295 K=K+1:IF K<4 THEN RETURN'GGDP
115 GOSUB 340:GOSUB 140:GOSUB 210'DLRE 300 GOSUB 125:RETURN'CELX
120 GOTO 120'BDCX 305 POKE V+21,220:RETURN'DIEF
125 POKE BO,6:POKE BA,3 310 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN5,GRAY1J",
:PRINTn[CLEAR]"'DKNG "YOU'RE MY PERFECT TEN"'BBKF
130 X=154:X1=14:COSUB 340'DNTC 315 PRINT,"[BLUE,DOWN,SPACE7]SHERRY"
135 RETURN'BAQD ;REM YOUR SWEETHEART'S NAME
140 PRINT"(HOME,DOWN2]";' BBJA HERE'CBNO
145 PRINT,"[L. BLUE,LEFT2,CMDR +, 320 POKE V+21,252'CHPB
SPACE4,CMDR +,SPACE3]",,;'BEUK 325 FOR T=150 TO 0 STEP-1
150 PRINT,/'[LEFT] [CMDR +,SPACE2, :P0KE S+24,T/10:POKE V+11,T
CMDR +,SPACE4,CMDR +,SPACE4, :FOR 1=1 TO 10;NEXT:NEXT'PCDT
CMDR +,SPACE3,CMDR +)"'BCDJ 330 PRINT,,"[RED,DOWN,SPACE5}LOVE," , ,,
155 PRINT,"[LEFT,SPACE2,CMDR +,SPACE4, " [SPACE5]MARK": REM YOUR NAME
CMDR +,SPACE3,CMDR +.SPACE3, HERE'CSKK
CMDR +,SPACE3,CMDR +,RIGHT9]"; 335 RETURN'BAQF
'BCNP 340 PRINT CHRS(X)"[RVS,SPACE2,SHFT S,
160 PRINT,"[LEFT,SPACE3,CMDR +,SPACES, SPACE4,SHFT S,SPACE4,SHFT S,
CMDR +,SPACE3,CMDR +,SPACE3, SPACE4,SHFT S,SPACE4,SHFT S,
CMDR +,SPACE3,CMDR +j"'BBLJ SPACE4,SHFT S,SPACE4,SHFT S,
165 PRINT,"[LEFT,SPACE3,CMDR +,SPACE5, SPACE4,SHPT S,SPACE2,RVOFF]";'CELO
CMDR +,SPACE3,CMDR +,SPACE3, 345 FOR T=l TO 23:PRINT"[RVS,SPACE2,
CMDR +,SPACE3,CMDR +,RIGHT9]"; SHFT S,SPACE2]",,,"[RIGHT,SPACE2,
'BCYP SHFT S,SPACE2]";:NEXT'FKOO
170 PRINT,"[LEFT,SPACE3,CMDR +,SPACES, 359 PRINT"[RVS,SPACE2,SHFT S,SPACE4,
CMDR +,SPACE5,CMDR +3]"'BBXK SHFT S,SPACE4,SHFT S,SPACE4,
175 PRINT,"[DOWN,PURPLE,SPACE3] SHFT S,SPACE4,SHFT S,SPACE4,
DESERVE THE BEST"'BBLN SHFT S,SPACE4,SHFT S,SPACE4,
180 PRINT,,"[DOWN,YELLOW,RVS] [CMDR I] SHFT S] [HOME]"'BALN
■"BCYF 355 FOR T=l TO 8 STEP 2
185 PRINT,,"[LEFT,RVS,SHFT POUND, :POKE SC+A{T),A{T+1)
RVOFF,SHFT POUND,RVS,SHFT POUND, •.POKE CC+A(T) ,R:NEXT" KCGT
RVOFF,SHFT POUND]",,;'BFUO 360 POKE SC+999,160:POKE CC+999.X1
190 PRINT,,"[LEFT2,RVS,SHFT POUND, :RETURN'FTJK
RVOFF,SHFT POUND,RVS,SHFT POUND, 365 DATA 4 5,105,74,95,925,223,954,
RVOFF,SHFT POUND]'" BCFK 233'BDAO
195 PRINT,,"[LEFT2,RVS] [CMDR U] 370 REM MUSIC DATA'BJQH
11 ' BCFM 375 DATA 50,60,2,50,60,1,56,99,2,50,
2 00 PRINT,,"[PURPLE,LEFT4]CAN[SPACE2] 60,2,67,15,2,63,75,4,50,6 0,1,50,
GIVE"'BCXC 60,1'BNEV
380 DATA 56,99,2,53,63,2,75,69,2,67,
205 RETURN'BAQB
210 FOR T=S TO S+24:POKE T,0:NEXT'GKED 15,4,50,60,1,50,60,1,100■BBRP
215 POKE S+24,15:POKE S+5,66 385 DATA 121,2,84,125,2,67,15,2,63,75,
:POKE S+12,65:POKE S+19,66'IBQM 2,56,99,4,89,131,1,89,131'BEPU
220 POKE S+6,130:POKE S+13,130 390 DATA 1,84,125,2,67,15,2,75,69,2,

:POKE S+20,130'GWHG 67,15,6'BJVN
225 Q=1:Y=1:Z=1'DIHH 395 DATA 0,0,2,0,0,1,42,62,4,53,60,6,
230 VD(Q)=VD{Q)-1:IF VD(QJ =0 THEN 4 2,62,1,37,162,1,25,30,4,37,162,1,
POKE S+4,16:Q=Q+1'JCIL 63,75,1'BTOY
235 UD(Y)=UD{Y)-1:IF UD(Y)=0 THEN 400 DATA 50,60,6,84,125,2,67,15,2,50,
POKE S+11,16:Y=Y+1'JDQQ 60,2,44,193,4,44,193,4'BAAI
240 WD(Z)=WD(Z)-1;IF WD(Z)=0 THEN 405 DATA 67,15,2,50,60,2,63,75,2,50,
POKE S+18,16:Z=Z+1'JDJM 60,6,0,0,2,0,0,1,8,97'BXFM
245 MU=-MU:POKE 2046,PEEK(2046)+MU 410 DATA 4,6,167,2,6,71,4,4,180,2,6,

:POKE 2047,PEEK(2047)-MU'IHOR 71,4,4,180,2,4,48,2,8,97,2'BDQJ
250 FOR T=l TO 30:NEXT'EFWE
415 DATA 6,71,2,8,97,4,10,143,2,11,48,
2,5,152,4,5,71,1,4,180,1,4,48,
255 POKE S,VL(Q):POKE S+l,VH(Q)'DQVL
60 FEUKUARY/MAKCH P85
BIRTHDHV CRRD
4'BKNP
420 DATA 6,71,2, 8,97 ,2,4 ,48, 4'BUVE
425
A "1 C PI
REM
fill Anh
DAta■a
430 DATA 002 ,170 ,168 ,010 ,170 ,170 ,042, 590 DATA 085 ,085 ,085 ,085 ,085 ,085 ,106,
191'BGNH 170'BGWO
435 DATA 234 ,170 ,191 ,250 ,170 ,255 ,254, 595 DATA 169 ,104 ,160 ,009 ,096 ,160 ,009,
170'BGDM 096'BGMT
4-30 DATA 255 ,254 ,175 ,255 ,254 ,165 ,085, 600 DATA 162 ,137 ,104 ,162 ,137 ,104 .162,
085'BGBI 137'BGYG
445 DATA 173 ,085 ,085 ,173 ,087 ,085 ,237, 605 DATA 104 ,162 ,137 ,104 ,162 ,137 ,104,
087'BGHN 162"BGSL
45fl DATA 213 ,253 ,087 ,245 ,255 ,243 ,252, 610 DATA 137 ,104 ,162 ,137 ,104 ,162 ,137,
255'BGNJ 104'BGUH
455 DATA 24 3 ,255 ,255 ,207 ,255 ,063 ,085, 615 DATA 162 ,137 ,104 ,162 ,137 ,104 ,162,
084'BGRO 137'BGYM
460 DATA 05 3 ,085 ,084 ,015 ,255 ,255 ,015, 620 DATA 096 ,032 ,009 ,096 ,032 ,009 ,106,
250'BGGK 170'BGCI
465 DATA 175 ,003 ,255 ,255 ,000 ,255 ,252, 625 DATA 169 ,085 ,215 ,085 ,087 ,215 ,213,
002'BGRP 000'BGIN
470 DATA 010 ,255 ,160 ,042 ,190 ,168 ,170, 630 DATA 010 ,128 ,000 ,136 ,136 ,128 ,136,
170'BGVL 136'BGRJ
475 DATA 170 ,170 ,170 ,170 ,170 ,170 ,170, 635 DATA 138 ,136 ,136 ,136 ,138 ,136 ,138,
168'BGAQ 128'BGQO
480 DATA 170 ,138 ,168 ,170 ,138 ,170 ,170, 640 DATA 00 2 ,008 ,128 ,002 ,010 ,170 ,000,
170'BGIM 000'BGLK
485 DATA 24 2 ,170 ,175 ,242 ,170 ,175 ,242, 545 DATA 170 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,010,
170'BGDR 002'BGPP
490 DATA 175 ,241 ,000 ,031 ,241 ,085 ,895, 650 DATA 128 ,042 ,138 ,160 ,170 ,170 ,040,
255'BGYN 170'BGSL
495 DATA 08 5 ,127 ,063 ,000 ,060 ,001 ,085, 655 DATA 170 ,040 ,170 ,168 ,168 ,170 ,162,
080'BGOS 168'BGLQ
500 DATA 001 ,085 ,080 ,001 ,093 ,080 ,001, 660 DATA 04 2 ,170 ,160 ,010 ,170 ,128 ,002,
093'BGKF 170'BGFM
505 DATA 08 0 ,001 ,093 ,080 ,002 ,170 ,170, 665 DATA 000 ,000 ,168 ,000 ,000 ,032 000,
040'BGFK 000'BGYR
510 DATA 170 ,255 ,170 ,170 ,190 ,170 ,170, 670 DATA 000 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 000,
170'BGYG 000'BGEN
515 DATA 170 170 ,170 ,170 042 ,170 ,168, 675 DATA 000 000 003 224 ,000 063 224,
010'BGQL 003'BGKS
520 DATA 170 160 ,002 ,170 160 ,002 ,170, 680 DATA 2 55 224 003 255 ,224 003 252,
160'BGDH 032'BGOO
525 DATA 00 2 170 160 002 170 160 002, 685 DATA 003 192 032 002 ,000 032, 002,
170'BGXM 000'BGIT
530 DATA 160, 001 000 016 001 085 080, 690 DATA 032, 002 000 032 ,002 007, 160,
001'BGRI 002'BGJP
535 DATA 085, 080, 001, 085, 080 001 085, 695 DATA 015, 224, 122, 015 ,224, 254, 015,
080'BGTN 192'BGQU
540 DATA 001, 085, 080, 001, 081, 08R, 001, 700 DATA 254, 007, 128, 252 000, 000, 120,
081'BGEJ 000'BCUH
545 DATA 080, 001, 081, 080, 002, 170, 042, 705 DATA 000, 000, R00, 000 000, 000, 000,
04R'BGAO 000'BGEM
550 DATA 254, 170, 191. 254, 170, 191, 254, 710 DATA 000, 000, 000, 000 000, 000, 000,
255'BGMK 000'BGEI
555 DATA 191, 254, 255, 191, 254, 255, 191, 715 DATA 000, 000, 000, 000 000, 062, 000,
254'BGTP 000'BGMN
560 DATA 255, 191, 252, 255, 063, 253, 085, 720 DATA 063, 240, 000, 063, 255, 000, 063,
127'BGPL 255'BGLJ
565 DATA 253, 085, 127, 253, 093, 127, 253, 725 DATA 000, 035, 255, 000, 032, 062, 000,
093'BGQQ 064'BGWO
570 DATA 127, 253, 127, 127, 252, 255, 063, 730 DATA 0 02, 000, 064, 002, 000, 064, 002,
252'BGIM 015'BGLK
575 DATA 255, 063, 252, 255, 063, 253, 085, 735 DATA 054, 004, 031, 192, 004, 031, 192,
127'BGNR 244'BGOP
580 DATA 2 53, 085, 127, 252, 255, 063, 252, 740 DATA 031, 129, 252, 015, 001, 252, 000,
234'BGKN 001'BGVL
585 DATA 06 3, 252, 255, 063, 255, 000, 255, 745 DATA 248, 000, 000, 240, 000, 000, 000,
002'BGTS 000'BGYO Continued on pg. 62
f'OWEHI'LW 61
GIRL SPRITE 585 DATA 04 2,171,0 8 5,10 6,171,255,234,
fl f, t\l nr^ a q
590 DATA 08 5,08 5,085,085,08 5,08 5,106,

425 REH GIRL SPRITE DATA'BOXJ 170'BGWO
4 33 DATA 00 0,2 52,240,0 0 3,255,252,015, 595 DATA 169,10 4,16 0,009,096,160,009,
255'BGLH 096'BGMT
435 DATA 25 2,015,24 7,2 52,063,253,255, 600 DATA 162,137,104,162,137,104,162,
063'BGGM 137'BGYG
440 DATA 24 7,255,25 5,253,25 5,255,255, 605 DATA 104,162,137,104,162,137,104,
255'BGYI 162'BGSL
445 DATA 255,24 3,255,24 5,08 5,0 87,25 5, 610 DATA 137,104,16 2,137,104,16 2,137,
084'BGAN 104'BGUH
450 DATA 087,255,084,087,255,0 20,023, 615 DATA 162,137,104,162,137,104,162,
255'aGOJ 137'BGYM
455 DATA 020,0 23,255,000,0 0 3,255,00 2, 620 DATA 096,032,0 09,096,0 32,0 09,106,
131lBGUO 170'BGCI
460 DATA 255,010,163,255,194,131,255, 625 DATA 169,085,215,085,087,215,213,
192'BGHK 000'BGIN
465 DATA 015,255,213,127,255,192,063, 630 DATA 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
060'BGCP 000'BGEJ
470 DATA 254,255,239,250,191,235,250, 635 DATA 042,000,128,032,138,138,160,
191'BGML 136'BGRO
475 DATA 2 34,250,17 5,2 34,250,171,234, 640 DATA 136,04 2,168,136,002,160,138,
012'BGUQ 130'BGUK
480 DATA 171,163,012,170,163,012,042, 645 DATA 160,128,170,168,128,128,136,.
163'BGNM 010'BGDP
485 DATA 012,042,131,015,010,003,003, 650 DATA 128,138,000,000,000,032,032,
250'BGNR 000'BGML
490 DATA 015,085,08 5,085,000,170,160, 655 DATA 168,168,010,170,170,042,170,
000'BGON 170'BGXQ
495 DATA 170,160,0 0 2,170,168,00 2,170, 660 DATA 170,170,168,042,168,010,010,
168'BGTS 170'BGQM
500 DATA 000,016,064,000,016,064,000, 665 DATA 010,00 2,170,163,000,170,160,
016'BGUF 006'BGBR
505 DATA 064,000,016,064,000,165,168, 670 DATA 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
002'BGNK 000'BGEN
510 DATA 160,063,010,170,063,042,042, 675 DATA 0 00,0 00,003,22 4,000,063,224,
063'BGJG 0153'BGKS
515 DATA 042,010,191,168,010,191,160, 680 DATA 25 5,224,0 0 3,255,224,0 03,252,
002'BGIL 032'BGOO
520 DATA 174,16 0,000,170,128,000,170, 685 DATA 0 33,192,0 32,00 2,000,0 32,0 02,
128'BGLH 000'BGIT
525 DATA 0 0 0,0 4 2,000,000,0 4 2,000,030, 690 DATA 0 3 2,00 2,000,0 32,00 2,00 7,160,
04 2'BGWM 002'BGJP
530 DATA 000,000,170,128,002,170,160, 695 DATA 015,224,122,015,224,254,015,
002'BGRI 192'BGQU
535 DATA 170,163,010,170,168,010,170, 700 DATA 25 4,00 7,128,252,000,0 00,120,
168'BGRN 000'BGUH
540 DATA 000,016,064,000,016,064,000, 705 DATA 00 0,000,0 0 0,0 0 0,000,0 00,000,
016'BGUJ 000'BGEM
545 DATA 064,000,016,064,000,168,168, 710 DATA 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
002'BGNO 000'BGEI
550 DATA 240,0 51,015,243,255,207,243, 715 DATA 000,000,000,000,003,062,000,
255'BGXK 000'BGMN
555 DATA 207,24 3,22 3,207,243,247,207, 720 DATA 063,240,000,063,255,00 0,063,
24 3'BGDP 255'BGLJ
560 DATA 223,207,24 3,24 7,20 7,24 3,255, 725 DATA 000,035,255,000,032,062,000,
207'BGGL 064'BGWO
565 DATA 243,207,207,253,08 5,095,253, 730 DATA 0 0 2,0 00,06 4,002,0 00,064,00 2,
081'BGMQ 015'BGLK
570 DATA 095,2 53,081,09 5,252,08 0,095, 735 DATA 064,004,031,192,004,031,192,
252'BGQM 244'BGOP
575 DATA 08 0,095,252,0 00,015,252,010, 740 DATA 031,129,252,015,0 01,252,0 20,
015'3GHR 001'BGVL
580 DATA 252,042,143,255,010,015,171, 745 DATA 248,000,000,240,000,000,003,
000'SGFN 000'BGYQ
62 I'KBRUARY/MARCH'85
TELE/SCOPE BY HOWARD M1LLMAN
The Conversing Commodore 64:

Breaking the Silence Barrier
Reading text from a telecommuni Using your vocalized. This sounds—and is—
cations network is a peaceful pas simple. However, Comvoice's real
time—relaxing, quieting. But boring. Commodore 64 and strength remains in its ability to
Now maybe that's okay—after all, wg vocalize videotext data transmitted
all need some quiet time once in a modem, you via telephone lines from the many
while. However, Genesis Computer telecommunications networks
Corporation has now breached the si can access operating around the world.
lence barrier by bundling a practical
text-to-speech module with dedi telecommunications Genesis' adaption of their basic
product to this use was sparked
cated communications software. By
itself, that's not earthshattering; the
networks all over the partially as a result of inquiries from
visually-handicapped groups who
technology has been around for some
time. Rather costly, but around. Gen
country to acquire a wanted access to telecommun
ications. The many doors that are
esis' system, Comvoice, is unusual wide variety of now closed to visually-handicapped
first because of its low price and. computer users are reason enough to
more importantly, because of its pur information. Now welcome this product. But the
pose—telecommunications. Using a potential uses go far beyond even this
customized version of Microtechnic Comvoice, a new text- significant need.
Solutions' Smart 64 terminal software,
all videotext users (subscribers to The to-speech product, lets For instance, both educational and
entertainment software for children or
Source, CompuServe or any of the
2.500+ other telecommunications
these networks talk to other pre-readers will no longer be
limited to icons and one-syllable
bulletin boards) now have a read or
you—literally. words. A program's content can be
listen choice In other words, your expanded far beyond earlier
computer can speak what's coming simplistic limitations while adult
transmission rate, thereby increasing
in from these networks. At buy-a-bar- supervision is lessened or even
both telephone and connect costs,
gain prices, too.
you may prefer to download all data unnecessary And show-and-tell
Gunga Din in a Can into a disk buffer while you're online, assumes a sweeping new dimension
Frequently, keeping a product's then upload later to review or edit when the computer can vocalize
price reasonable results in while offline. Again, simple keyboard information from immense national
performance compromises. To a commands suffice for either databases.
degree that's acceptable, as it is here. operation. The potential for expanding the
So although Comvoico's pronunc One note of caution: the Smart 64 usability of the already popular
iation is somewhat reminiscent of a version bundled with Comvoice is videotext services is enormous; just
mechanical Gunga Din, it's still easily dedicated—you can't use it without as the talkies revolutionized the silent
understandable. In fact, I even think the speech module. (That's why it movie screen, so then will speech
it's appealing. True, its uncultured isn't copy protected). Microtechnic revolutionize the silent screen.
voice isn't comparable to that of Hal, Solutions' regular stand-alone Integrating even a robotic voice adds
the computer in "2001," nor the terminal software, number four, will a welcome dimension to your
Woper in "War Games," but it not work with the Comvoice module. purpose, a warmth to the chill.
doesn't cost a million bucks either. At However, if you have any of the For example, in The Source's text
$165.00, it's far superior to silence. earlier versions (versions two, three or adventure game "Castlequest", I'm
The cost includes a dedicated the newly released four) and wish to now verbally warned I'll shortly be
menu-driven version of the Smart 64 use it with the Comvoice speech devoured, decapitated or resurrected.
terminal program. Besides providing module, Microtechnic Solutions will It's so much nicer to first hear of your
the helpful, intelligent assistance a upgrade it for a nominal $5 00 fee. impending demise than to merely
normal telecommunications program The Comvoice module was read your obit.
should, Smart 64 also unlocks originally designed to translate text During a session with another of
Comvoice's voice—but only when into speech from user-written BASIC The Source's services, I cleaned up a
you tell it to. The voice can be toggled programs; it still retains that feature. six-month muddle of cables, papers
on or off by a simple dual keystroke. A Plug the unit into the cartridge port, and paraphernalia while listening to
thoughtful inclusion. turn on your Commodore 64 and type Comvoice describe automobiles for
However, since having the the command SPEAK " ". Inside sale. Any service offered on these
omputer speak each word slows the the quotes type whatever you want networks can be heard instead of just
Continued on pg. 64
POWERPIAY 63
TELE SCOPt
read: travel, movie reviews, employ they are nevertheless odd sounding,
ment, current events, new and used reminiscent o! a literate foreigner
merchandise, plus dozens more, learning English.
A service especially well suited to When writing your own programs,
this approach is The Source's "Chat" it's easy to overcome this
("CB Simulator" on CompuServe). shortcoming. Simply spell words as
This real-time interactive dialogue they are pronounced: phonetically.
ervice provides children or adults, Comvoice, for instance, insisted on
the ability to "small talk" with saying my name as howARD. After I
someone almost anytime. Now. misspelled it as How Ward, the
instead of having to read your pronunciation was fine. By cleverly
conversation on the screen, you can combining imagination with humor,
actually hear it. And by no means is you can recreate pronunciations
this minor miracle confined to just varying from primal grunts to the
The Source or CompuServe. Pilot King's English.
programs presently underway include An alternative to phoneme-based
links lo banks and supermarkets. chips is the technique of linear
Audit your account or order your predictive coding (LPC). LPC uses a
groceries and your computer can stored digitized voice pattern, usually
vocalize the whole transaction. The female. Interestingly enough, the
cost is the hourly access fee plus female voice records and plays back
telephone charges, usually via clearer than the male. On an eight-bit
Tymnet, Uninet or even a Watts line. machine like the Commodore 64, the
The Votrax chip, however, has two vocabulary is limited to about 250
From Primal Grunts To significant shortcomings. First, it is words or approximately 8K of
The King's English unable to provide accurate inflection. memory. The voice quality, diction
The mechanics of die system are Humans automatically raise the pitch and pronunciation is excellent since,
straightforward. Genesis uses the of their voice at the end of a sentence, after all, it's a recreated human voice
Votrax SCO1A speech chip, a for instance, when asking a question speaking. Commodore, for example,
phoneme-based convertor (also used Right? Votrax doesn't. Second, the utilizes LPC in its Magic Voice
in Heathkit's robots, Hero and Hero chip doesn't always know what speech cartridge. So do car
manufacturers, with voices that say
Jr), All spoken language can be syllable to accent. Although some 450
algorithms—rules of diction—are "Fasten your soat belt, please" and
simplified into phonemes or
programmed into ROM, not every other friendly phrases aimed at
elemental constituents When
instance can be included. So some keeping you safe.
phonemes are properly combined,
every word in the English language combinations of words are
So the LPC technology has a
can be said. mispronounced-. Still recognizable,
refined, yet limited, vocabulary while
the Votrax chip is comparatively
Suppliers
The Source inarticulate, yet provides an
Telecommunications unlimited number of words. Given
1616 Anderson Road
Speech Products and McLean, VA 22102 these two options, Comvoice's faults
Network Services 800-336-3366 in fluency related to its Votrax
Call for subscription rates technology are a troubling, yet
Comvoice:
Genesis Computer Corp. and connect charges tolerable, flaw.
Right now the chip is trained to
P.O. Box 152
Directory of Online Databases: recognize and speak only
Hellertown. PA 18055
Cuadra Associates, Inc. alphanumeric combinations. That
215-861-0850
2001 Wilshire Blvd. moans when it is translating a
Comvoice cartridge: $ 99.95
Santa Monica, CA 90403 telecommunications network, there
w/dedicated software: $149.90
213-829-9972 are abbreviations, punctuation and
Speaker/amplifier: $ 40.00
Monitor sound cable: S 14.95 single issue: $40.00 occasionally special symbols (arrows)
annual {4} issues: $75,00 that are not correctly verbalized, if at
all. Even so, it's possible, even
Smart 64 Terminal
CompuServe probable, the meaning will be clear. II
Microtechnic Solutions, Inc.
P.O Box 20212
not, you can always read it for
P.O. Box 2940
verification.
New Haven, CT 06515 5000 Arlington Centre Blvd.
Next year will see new computers
203-389-8383 Columbus, Ohio 43220
introduced with sophisticated on
Terminal Version #4: $49.95 800-848-8199
board text-to-speech converters, a
Comvoice Version: $49.95 Call for subscription rates
natural extension to built-in modems
Comvoice Update: S 5.00 and connect charges. C
In fact, last summer's Consumer
B4 FEHRUARY/MARUI'HS
TELE/SCOPE
Electronics Show in Chicago saw the yielding. But please remember, being
beginnings of formal industry a visionary isn't easy.
Fifth generation"
. i
recognition of the expanding market My prediction The computer
for text-to-speech convertors. And industry will sense this singular,
less than two months later, even IBM computers will potentially explosive market and rise
acknowledged the trend by to meet the challenge. Demand for
announcing the availability of a converse in natural and sophistication in text-to-speech
speech module for the PCjr. conversion will increase, price
Next-generation computers will language and by decrease.
likely incorporate speech in on-board Japan has already funneled
ROM or as an option. This in turn will
1990 keyboards will mountains of money and redirected
create additional impetus to provide
software, service and support to
be used only by national goals to speed development
of their "fifth generation" computers.
further develop the untapped quaint antiquarians. Their avowed intention centers on
potential of this promising market. developing computers that can
Even as I write this. Genesis is reason, make decisions and evaluate
preparing beta test versions of an variables—in other words, that have
interactive educational and subscribe to Cuadra Associates' artificial intelligence. And one more
entertainment software series. If the "Directory of Online Databases". It imperative virtue: these machines
collaborative effort with Aardvark lists more than 2,500 services by will converse in natural language. By
Software succeeds, the first speech- location, description, size and 1990 keyboards will be used only by
integrated adventure games will be subject. From prosaic to esoteric, quaint antiquarians and shipwrecked
available by Christmas. they're all here. computerists.
Additionally, there are hundreds of Along this road, every intersection
private bulletin boards and thousands The First Step arrow points to the same destination:
of specialised online services that you Oscar Wilde once said that the only speech-integrated computers—the
can now have talk to you. In fact, if way to get rid of temptation is to yield first step in the journey, the mile-long
you're really interested, you might to it. I'm tempted, I'm mortal, I'm journey to artificial intelligence. C
CARTRIDGE-MAKER-64
Create your own
COMMODORE-64™ video game and program cartridges.
Follow the simple and easy screen instructions to:
• Copy your BASIC or ASSEMBLER • Copy your cartridge to diskette or
programs to cartridge cassette
• Copy from cartridge to cartridge • Erase and reuse cartridges
CARTRIDGE-MAKER-64 Si 29.00
CARTRIDGE-ERASER S 59.00
CARTRIDGE-64 (16K| S 25.00
CARTRIDGE-MAKER Kit $189.00
Includes' CARTRIDGE-MAKER-64
CARTRIOGE-ERASER and I Blank
CARTRIDGE-64 116K each)
Purchase of 5 Blank
CARTRIDGE-64 (16K each) Si 15.00
Shipping 53.00, if C.O.D. add $2.00

PA residents add 6% sales tax
VISA-MASTERCARD-C.O.D.-CHECK
Phone orders (215) 363-8B40 Dealer and Distributor Inquiries Invited
"CARTRIDGE-MAKER-64 S CARTRIDGE-64
are TM of Custom Programming Group. Inc
COMMODORE-64 is a regisleied TM of Commodore
Business Machines. Inc.
CARTRIDGE-MAKER-64 is not intended lor piracy of
Custom Programming Group, Inc. copyright materials.
47-2A Marchwood Road • Exton. PA 19341

POWER PLAY GS
by Kellyn Beeck
Software Acquisitions Manager
ftyx, inc.
bmeday, someone will design the Perfect Com
puter Game. I'm thinking about a Game with a capital
G, a game that will transcend mere entertainment. This
Game will be a work of art; indeed, it will be a master
piece.
Some people think there's no point in holding your
breath, though, because the art of computer game de
sign is still in its infancy. As a matter of fact, you'd have
a hard time getting those people to agree that computer
games will ever evolve from the Pacman era to become a
form of art. "Art," they'll say, "has nothing in common
with computer games. Absolutely nothing."
Whether this is true or not, if someone finally designs
the Perfect Game (maybe in our lifetime?) it will not be
by accident. The designer of that Game will apply cer
tain fundamental principles which, in one form or an
other, are being applied right now to the most success
ful games on the market. And even though these
principles are bound to be modified as computer games
5
continue to change and evolve, it might be helpful for 3
potential game designers to know what we at a software
company look for in the games that are submitted to us.
help it. Software companies review first question asked when a software
BE ORIGINAL scores of game submissions to find publisher receives a submission, and
"Here are this week's submissions, just one game worthy of publishing, it is one of the keys to making your
Ron".
and after you have spent months look game marketable. You may have
The software evaluator looked up
ing at bad programs, you begin to thought that a game could be pro
from his computer, where he was cre
greet each new arrival with a jaun grammed on a Pocket Fuzzpro 2000
ating a document that looked some
diced eye. Still, every submission is and no one would care, provided it
thing like the Communist Manifesto. given a chance and even the most was a really terrific game. After all,
He was, in fact, writing the manual for cynical software evaluator is seen most companies seem to convert ev
his company's next game, Fun with
beaming proudly when he discovers a ery game they sell to run on a dozen
Revolution.
good game. And if it's a very, very different machines, don't they?
"ff there's one trivia game in there," good game, he may even giggle un Unfortunately, that is not exactly
he shot back at the visitor standing in controllably. So how do you design a the truth. The typical independent
the doorway of the office, "I'm throw game that will cause uncontrollable software manufacturer first releases a
ing out the whole bunch. We've got
giggling? game on the one or two hottest com
ten seven this month already."
Just keep a couple of things in puters. Then, if the game takes off
You submitted the world's greatest
mind. The first is originality. and becomes a big seller, the com
computer game to your favorite pub
pany starts converting it to run on the
lisher, and this is the reception it PICK A POPULAR COMPUTER other micros. Converting your terrific
gets! Why, you spent months pro Recognizing the crooked grin that
game for the Pocket Fuzzpro 2000 will
gramming and Costing it. working Ron saved for moments like this, the probably seem too risky.
out the bugs and sweating over every programming assistant turned a
Program your masterpiece for one
last detail. When it was ready, you speculative eye to the stack of floppy of the most popular computers on the
lovingly slipped the disk into a disks she held in her hands. With a market. Now, when the publisher re
Whizbang Indestructo Bulletproof frown, she ventured, "Yup, looks like ceives your submission, it will go into
Floppy Diskette Mailer and licked the there's a trivia game here, all right. the pile of programs that will be
strip of horrible-tasting glue, sealing In fact, I think they're all trivia looked at first.
the flap carefully. Then you cast, your games...this one's titled Baboon
eyes heavenward, muttering, "Please Trivia, there's also a Trivial Dispute, WRITE IN ASSEMBLY
let them like it," and thiust the Trivia is Cute, Trivia Computer, LANGUAGE
square brown envelope into the mail Trivia for the Astute,...and here's one "Really?" The assistant tried to look
box. You had no idea that such cal called Trivia is a Three-Piece Suit." surprised. "You mean we'll buy this
lous cretins lay in wait at your pro "O.K.," Ron replied, feigning seri game without even looking at it?"
gram's destination. ousness, "if there's one for the Com Ron was laughing. "If you really
Alas, it's true. I'll be the first to modore 64, wo'llbuy it." have a submission named, Trivia is a
admit that I'm a callous cretin. I can't Strangely enough, that is often the Three-Piece Suit, and it's written in
The Formal Proposal BY GEORGE SHELDON
G Tabbing a publisher's eye is not easy, but it's also not impossible, either.
Your most important sales tool is The Formal Proposal.
After you have written a query letter to a publisher, and have received a
positive response (yes, we would be interested in knowing more about your
program, etc.) it is time to prepare an indepth, Formal Proposal.
Send your formal proposal along with a cover letter that gently reminds
the publisher that you have received the okay from him or her to submit the
proposal. Make certain that your cover letter states the program you have
written is prepared and ready for submission.
The formal proposal, when submitted, should be a document of two to
eight pages in length, single spaced and neatly typed on a good quality,
white, bond paper. The complexity of your program will determine the
proposal's final length.
Your formal proposal should have an appearance of one of those old
history outlines you had to prepare in the tenth grade, using Roman numer
als for your captions, etc
The formal proposal should include:
1. PROGRAM IDENTIFICATION—list your full name, address, and
phone number, as well as the working title of your program.
2. THE PROGRAM OVERVIEW—a summary of the program you have
written, with a brief description of its unique or unusual features.
68 l-KHRlJAHW.MAHCn'SS
assembly language for tlie Commo
dore 64, go and get me a contract.
tiore About
We'll buy it."
"Gee, I'm sorry. I guess I forgot to
Freelance Programming
BY GEORGE SHELDON
mention it, but these games aie all in
BASIC," replied tlie assistant. "I sup Finding more information about the also includes several chapters on how
pose you won't want to look at them, subject of freelance programming to market your software programs.
right?" may be as difficult as writing a quality Writing Software User Man
This is the next step in your effort software package. uals was written for writers to make
to get the software publisher's atten There are two books available on money preparing user manuals, but it
tion. When the evaluator picks up a the subject, which I would recom is a book that any serious freelance
game, he's a lot more likely to give it mend the serious freelance software programmer will want to review in
a good, hard look if it's written in programmer to study. detail. I am impressed by the way the
assembly language. 1985 Programmers Market, lists book takes the reader through the
There are a lot of reasons for thi?, a series of software publishers that preparation of a fictional user manual.
but the most important is execution are actively seeking freelance sub There is a lot of good tips about mak
speed. Programs written in BASIC missions. The listings include the ing the manual easily understandable.
and other interpreted languages run name of the person to contact within Both books are available from Writ
slower than machine language pro the software publisher's organization, er's Digest Books, 9933 Alliance
grams written with an assembler. and also includes the types of pro Road, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45242. If they
Machine language uses instructions grams sought, computer types re are not available at your local book
which the computer can execute di quired, and examples of current store, you can order the books by mail
rectly, while other languages must be software being published. The book by calling 800-543-4644.
interpreted or compiled before the
computer will understand what you cessity if you want to produce tuied toward an amorphous heap of
want it to do. appealing graphics. Animation, disks and letters in the comer of the
You could write your game in a scrolling and full-color screens are all room. "I'll get to them next week "
high-level language like PASCAL and best achieved with an assembled ma "Sure," said the assistant, turning
compile it, but an assembler will chine language program, so if you to look at the pile on the Boor. "You
produce a faster, shorter program that want a publisher to look at your game, know as well as I do that most of that
is almost a requirement for a micro use assembly language. Programs stuff has been sitting there for
computer game. Micros are smaller written in BASIC are not likely to be months. You're—"
and slower than their mainframe taken seriously. "O.K.. O.K. You're right. Tell you
counterparts, so they need the extra what. If you '11 give me a hand, we can
speed associated with assembly lan INCLUDE THE RIGHT FORMS sort out the ones that didn't come
guage. And, of course, speed is a ne- "Put them over there." Ron ges- with disclosure agreements. Those
have to be sent back. Then we can go
through the rest."
3. THE PROBABLE USER—who will the final user of your program be? You wrote your game in assembly
School students, or real estate agents? language for the most popular home
4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROGRAM—in detail, describe your program. computer, but the publisher sent it
Spend the time to make sure the explanation of your program is crystal back! You not only wasted a perfectly
clear, so after reviewing this section of your report, your prospective pub good Super Indestructo Bulletproof
lisher will know exactly what your program is, what it will do, and how it Floppy Diskette Mailer and $1.53
works. Don't forget to describe all of the programs outstanding features. postage, but you also wasted two
5. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS—Describe both the hardware and the valuable weeks. Now, you have to fill
software requirements of your program. Include the make and model of the out some stupid forms and mail the
computer your program will operate, the memory size of the program and disk all over again. It wouldn't be so
required memory of the computer, Other technical information included in bad, except for one thing. You'll have
this section is the number of disks required, any other hardware or software to lick that horrible-tasting glue on
that might be required, and the language in which your program is written. the envelope again.
6. DOCUMENTATION—Describe what documentation is available for Every software publisher has a pro
use with your program. cedure for handling submissions, and
7. PROBABLE MARKET—describe the probable market for your software your best bet is to write the company
program, and list any known competition or similar programs. Detail why a letter asking how to submit your
your program is superior to any other on the market, if any. game. They'll send you the informa
8. CONCLUSION—Reach a conclusion that it makes sense to publish tion promptly, but if you're really in a
your program for any number of reasons: nothing else like it is available hurry, give them a phone call They'll
anywhere, superior to any other similar program, the market potential is probably be happy to take your name
tremendous, etc. over the phone and send you the nec
Remember, the formal proposal is your "sales representative" in the essary forms.
prospective software publisher's office. Spend some extra time to refine it to Getting those callous cretins in the
a document of persuasive perfection. software industry to at least notice
Continued on Pg. 120
POWERPI.AY 69
Programmer
BYJUDYBRADDICK Commodore Software
ave you ever wondered if you've got what it

takes to become a bona fide professional game
programmer? The creator of Commodore's
Solar Fox gives you a behind-the-scenes look
at how she won her wings.
It all started when I graduated from the player.
college. Here I was with this degree In the meantime, it was important
in computers. That was supposed to for me to learn as much about games
mean that I knew how to program. as possible, At Commodore, we have
What do I do now? an arcade room full of Bally/Midway
At the same time I was looking for a game machines. We convert the
job, Commodore was looking for three games for Commodore computers. It
programmers to join their recreational is very common to see a few program
software group. (That's the games mers in the game room. We say we
group.) 1 interviewed for the position are doing "research." In reality, we
and, to my great surprise, was offered are sometimes really working.
a Job, This was great! Wheie else can In my case, I had never really
you work a white collar job in blue played arcade games until I started to
jeans and sneakers? One of my big work here, which was why I was so
gest fears in life is that I will have to surprised to get the job. In order to
put on real shoes. write games, one must know how to
Now 1 was officially a "recreational play them, It would be very difficult to
software programmer." What does find a problem in level 16 it you can
that mean' Where did f start? only play to level three. However, I
began to pick up game-playing skills
A Trainee's Work Is Never pretty quickly, once I focused on it. In
Done fact, I quickly became a video ma
At Commodore I started at trainee niac. People had trouble dragging me
level. This means that I wrote small past arcades. I never said I was play
routines for a senior programmer. My ing. I was always doing research or
supervisor was Andy Finkel. In a case checking out the competition. I'm still
like this, we "black box." Black box not an expert, but I can wrap Solar
ing is when the senior tells the junior Fox and Satan's Hollow.
what the routine should do, what in
formation goes into that routine and Career Planning (?)
what must come out of it. ff you look One day I was in the arcade room
at DragonsDen by Andy Finkel, you at work playing Solar Fox, when John
will see birds circling. My first real Mathias, the head of our group, asked
routine was the one that makes the me if I liked the game. I said yes. He
birds fly up, circle around, then attack then asked if I wanted to write it. I
Continued on I'y. UH
.
ro;
LEGAL
ISSUES IN
MARKETING
SOFTWARE
Before a software mas
terpiece goes to market
a lawyer is going to ask
these—and probably
many other—ques
A
BY HERBERT SWARTZ
tions. So ifyou're
Iccording to the best esti job—and that begins with a thorough
mates, some 15,000 computer pro investigation. thinking about market
Does the software actually work'
grams are written each day in the
United States. Theii potential value? The attorney will ask for a demonstra
ing that hot new game
Tens of billions of dollars.
Whether you are the creator of one
tion and. most likely, he will have an
expert on hand to evaluate the soft
yourself, be prepared.
of these programs, or the person who. ware. No one wants a lawsuit. But
through license or sale, has control that is precisely what can result from
over the program, the goal is the software that doesn't work as it is
same: to go to market and take ad supposed to.
vantage of those available billions Today, as every computer lawyer is
First comes the trip to the lawyer. well aware, bad software can bring on
No one publishes a book or makes a many legal risks. Among the possible
will without seeing an attorney. So grounds for a lawsuit fraudulent ad
there you stand, floppy disk in hand, vertising, breach of implied warran
proclaiming for all the world to hear ties and negligent design. Particularly
that your software masterpiece is with software for the microcomputer,
destined to be used and loved by mil the legal risks are many and severe
lions. And make you millions in the The user is a consumer, and law fa
process. voring consumers is flourishing
All that is necessary is that the law Next, the attorney will turn his in
yer hurry to protect your legal rights vestigation to the potential claims of
and help you develop a distribution competitors. Is there a possible
scheme for the software. That's when charge of misappropriation? Some de
you find out that the road from cre velopers have packages that mimic
ation to production and distribution software marketed by others. Even if
may be longer and more complex the program itself has not been dupli
than the original task of devising the cated, the duplication of command
software. codes, monitor displays and printout
The lawyer will ask a lot of ques formats can lead to claims of copy
tions, want to see a number of docu right infringement and unfair compe
ments, will further check a number of tition.
your representations. Don't take As he investigates potential claims
things personally, don't become frus of liability, the lawyer has to worry
trated. The lawyer is simply doing his Continued on Pg, 119
I'OWEKI'LW 73
BY JOHN JERMA1ME
ounder and CEO o! the multi-mil mation about your life beyond com side of your life?
lion dollar software company Adven puters? Scott: I'm a computer scientist. I was
ture International, 31 year-old Scott Scott: I'm 31 years old, happily mar very fortunate back in high school be
Adams made his mark by creating ried to Alexis, and we have three cause our school had a computer ter
the first computer adventure games lovely children. I grew up in the Mi minal, something very unusual before
His early offerings for Commodore ami area, and have always lived in the dawn of the microcomputer age. I
computers included Adventuieland, Florida. Today my hobbies are virtu found out then and there that I loved
Pirate Cove (written by his wile, ally non-existent because running computers.
Alexis} and Strange Odyssey. Adventure International is a 40-hour a Since I graduated high school, I've
One of Scott's latest projects, re day job, and I enjoy programming in earned a bachelor of science degree
cently released for the Commodore what little spare time I have. In the in computer science at FIT, and I've
64, is a series called Questprobe — past, I have worked with model roc done a lot of work for RCA on Antigua
graphic adventures featuring charac ketry and I've raised pets of every and Ascension Island.
ters from Marvel comics, which are description John: What computer languages
coordinated with comic books. He's Arcade games have always fasci have you mastered?
come a long way from when he was nated me. I enjoyed the original As Scott: My knowledge of computer
devising computerized flood control teroids, Space Invaders, and Pacman languages ranges from machine lan
systems for the state of Florida. games, with Dragon s Lair and Mach guages for a dozen different proces
Here, John Jermame talks to Scott Three being my current favorites sors and mainframes, to high level
about how he created Questprobe. John: May I have some background languages like Fortran, BASIC. Cobol,
John: Scott, may I have some infor- material concerning the computer Forth, Algol, P41 and APL. Virtually
/
t-M-r1
1 1 i 1
t
I
>l I-
J i r 1
" f 1. I
i .[. l
rfc.
:/;, i i
■■":;
Young and incredibly successful,

programmer-entrepreneur Scott
Adams talks about the fun and
frustration of creating a new
series of games.
every computer language out there contributed very much to the Hulk Questpiohc project?
I've used at one time or another. graphic adventure game. Scott: I have a very good background
John: Let's talk about your wife, John: How long has Adventure Inter in Marvel comics because I have been
Alexis. How has she influenced your national been producing Commodore reading them since the 1960's. When
business and your programming7 64 software? I was a kid, my favonle Marvel char
Scott: Alexis is the vice president of Scott: AI has been involved in pro acters were Doctor Strange and The
the corporation, and has been inti ducing Commodore 64 software since Thing, but I read most of the Marvel
mately involved in all aspects of the the computer hit the market. We've titles available. In recent months, I've
business from the very beginning. been working pretty closely with been picking up some of the older
Her interests generally lean towards Commodore on a number of ma comics and re-reading them. Cur
the management and business end of chines. rently I'm reading everything that
Adventure International. She has con John: How did you learn to program Marvel issues on a daily basis.
tributed to the writing of a number of the Commodore 64? John: How was the Questprobe
my adventures, but she doesn't play Scott: I learned to program the Com project begun7
them very much, or find them very modore 64 by sitting down, reading Scott: Marvel initiated the project
interesting. She'd rather play an ar everything associated with it and ba back in 1983, by looking around for
cade game like Pacman. sically playing with It, Learning to use someone to license their characters to
John: Has Alexis contributed very the 64 was just learning to use an and put them in some form of home
much to the first Questprobe game' other computer to me, computer game Adventure Interna
Scott: My wife isn't very interested John: What was your comic back tional was approached by Marvel and
in Marvel characters, and she hasn't ground before you began the I thought that the project had a lot of
POWERPLAY 75
I have a very good background in
Marvel comics because I have been
reading them since the 1960's.
Currently I'm reading everything
that Marvel issues on a daily basis.
potential. vel with, and we worked out the Scott: I used the Hulk to kick off the
John: How did Adventure Interna Questprobe concept from there. series because I had the freedom to
tional finally get the license to de John: Where did the name do so. The Hulk is recognized by both
velop the Questprobe games7 Questprobe come from' comic and non-comic people alike
Scott: The negotiations for the Mar Scott: I came up with the name And his two forms—one weak and
vel contiact lasted over six months, Questprobo one night by accident. I human, and the other super human—
with the final version of that contract had lain awake a couple of nights, is an interesting subject for an adven
being signed on December 1, 1983 trying to come up with a title for the ture game.
We began developing Questpiobe al project that indicated that the player John: Would you explain the dedica
most immediately after the signing of was involved in a search. Finally I tion of the Hulk game?
that contract. jumped out of bed one night, and Scott: I dedicated the game to Stan
John: What was it like dealing with said, "Eureka, I'll call the project Lee, Alexis my wife and CIS CBers. I
Marvel Comics, when you began the Questprobe," dedicated the game to Stan Lee be
Questprobe project? John: Would you tell me about the cause he was the man who really cre
Scott: The Marvel characters were Marvel people who helped to develop ated Marvel comics, and is still active
the first licensed characters that the Questprobe project? in them today. My dedication to my
we've used or thought about using, Scott: Before I begin talking about wife is obvious. CIS CBer stands for
so no one knew how well the project the people at Marvel, you should CompuServe Information Service
would develop. As I worked with Mar know that the series of Questprobe CBers. I get a lot of enjoyment getting
vel, I found them to be one of the games and stories are not all written, on CompuServe CB and just talking
nicest groups of people, both as a but are developed as we need them. I with people around the country.
company and as individuals, that it spent an afternoon with John Byrne John: What is really happening in
has ever been my privilege to work coordinating an overview of the enure the Questprobe comics and games'
with I've dealt with a number of Questprobe series. This overview Scott: The first Quesrprohe comic
other firms, and none of them can gives everyone working on gives the player the background of
compare with Marvel's friendliness Questprobe a rough idea of what will the first Questprobe game. It doesn't
and easiness to work with. happen throughout the series. explain the overview of what is taking
John: How was the first Questpiobe John Byrne is quite articulate, in place, or why the Hulk had to pass
game's storyline developed? credibly talented, and very clever through the Chief Examiner's black
Scott: To understand this answer, Bob Budiansky is overseeing the en doorway. Questprobe comic number
you have to know that I had virtually tire Questprobe project. Joe Calamah, two and beyond will begin to explain
unlimited freedom in creating the the vice president of Marvel, is the the many mysteries of Questprobe.
Questprobe games, but Marvel has person who originally approached AI To play the games effectively, you
final approval of each game. I had a with the idea of licensing Marvel need to know some of the inner work
number of interesting ideas to use in characters. Since the signing of the ings of Questprobe. The games are
the series, but we couldn't use them contract, Joe Calamari has been very testbeds in which you become your
because Marvel was doing similar involved with the business aspects of favorite Marvel characters. You sup
things to their characters in the project. Jim Shooter is Marvel's ply the brains while the character
upcoming comics. editor-in-chief, and his input into supplies the power. Keep in mmd that
For instance. I came up with the Questprobe has been very useful someone in the Marvel Universe is
basic idea for the Secret Wars before I John: Have there been other contrib supposedly playing the same games,
had heard that Jim Shooter had done utors to the first Questprobe game? and for some unknown reason, he's
such a thing, and it was being re Scott: Yes, a couple of Commodore doing something very similar to you.
leased shortly thereafter. I came up 64 programmers and some m-house John: How are the graphics pro
with the idea of an insane Watcher, programmers and an artist at Adven duced in the Commodore 64 Hulk
but again Marvel had plans to use ture International did coding and con graphic adventure?
that theme in the near future. With version tests for the first game. Scott: The pictures for the Hulk
these setbacks 1 had to develop totally John: Why was the Hulk selected as graphic adventure came directly from
new ideas, which 1 approached Mar- the subject of the first game? Marvel, in the form of pen and ink
The Chief Examiner does resemble
me. After I gave [Marvel] my photo
graph their artist responded that I
was perfect—I looked so nicely
evil.
drawings. I do [he programming my Hulk game? the game, the Chief Examiner ap
self, but we have some artists that do Scott: The fuzzy area represents a pears and gives you a short message.
the work for entering the graphics. fuzzy area in space. John: What was Marvel's response
The Hulk graphics adventure con John: Why did you use the idea of a to the completed Hulk game?
tains between 50 and 70 pictures, heavy gravity zone in the Hulk game? Scott: I took the completed adven
varying in size from 100 to 4,000 Scott: I created the area of heavy ture version of the Hulk game to Mar
bytes. gravity outside of the huge dome for a vel and showed it to Jim Shooter. I
John: Scott, why does the Chief Ex very special reason. I wanted to cre must admit that I was quite nervous,
aminer in the game resemble you? ate an area of the game where you because I showed it to Jim for half an
Scott; The Chief Examiner does could only perform as the Hulk and hour, and during that time he made
closely resemble me because that being Bruce Banner wasn't good no comment on the game. Finally he
was one of the cute little touches that enough. gave me a smile and said that it was
Marvel added to the series. They John: How do the Quostprobo com excellent, and that he was very
asked me to do it, and after I gave ics and games fit into the Marvel Uni pleased, Amazingly. Marvel asked for
them my photograph, their artist re verse, and what is coming up in the no changes in the Hulk adventure
sponded that I was perfect—I looked series? game There were some minor
so nicely evil. Scott: As the Questpiobe comics are changes made in the graphics when
John: In the Incredible Hulk comic read throughout the series, it will be they were put into the program.
book, the Hulk can leap great dis come more and more obvious what is John: Will the Chief Examiner be the
tances. Why wasn't this factor used going on. Also remember that things main character in all of the
in the Hulk Questprobe game? that you assume in the beginning of Queslprobe games and comics?
Scott: The Hulk's leaping ability is the series, may not necessarily be Scott: Absolutely! There are quite a
not in the game because of limita true in the end. The game series will few surprises coming concerning the
tions in adventure games. Secondly, be an interesting mixture of Marvel's Chief Examiner, which I don't wish to
you just can't put everything into one greatest heroes encountering their give away right now.
game, but you could consider the lack old foes, with some new characters John: Are there sounds in any of the
of his leaping due to the artificial being introduced. Right now we're different computer versions of the
gravity in the game's environment. planning to use Spiderman as the first Ouestprobe game?
John: Why is the mirror in the Hulk subject of the second Questpiobe, Scott: Currently there are no sounds
game? and he'll be busy battling Mysterio in any of the Hulk Questpiobe games,
Scott: The mirror is very important and Doctor Octopus. but that could change.
because it actually lets you see if you In terms of the Marvel Universe, John: May I have some additional
are Bruce Banner or the Hulk at any you are merely playing a computer information about upcoming
given time in the game. game when you play the Hulk graphic Queslprobe games?
John: Would you give me some infor adventure. Not only is it a game, but Scott: At this time, I am working on
mation about the gems and the bio it's one that the Chief Examiner must the second Questprobe game with Al
gem in the Qucstprobe games' play and win for reasons that will be len Milgrom, the writer of the second
Scott: The first game contains six come apparent as the series pro Questprobe comic.
teen gems and one bio gem hidden gresses. In the end of the second We plan to release a game and
within it. The gems provide work Ouestprobe comic, the Chief Exam comic every three to five months,
tasks for the player in the game. The iner will be seen seated at a computer with there being twelve or thirteen
bio gem is very important to the terminal, playing the same games to wrap up the series. The cur
series, and that importance will be QuesCprobe game that you're playing. rent order of characters to be featured
explained as the game series pro This should reflect how important it is in Questprobe games is The Incredi
gresses. The second game, featuring for you to solve the adventures. ble Hulk. The Amazing Spiderman,
Spiderman, will have a similar con John: How does the Hulk game end? The Human Torch and Captain Amer
cept of searching for gems and one Scott: The game ends when you col ica. Iron Man could become the sub
bio gem. lect all sixteen gems and the very im ject of one of the games, and we're
John: What is the fuzzy area in the portant bio gem. In the last screen of considering using a villain as the
Continued nn I'y. 120
I'OWEKl'UV 77
IT'S NOT
HOW LITTLE IT COSTS,
IT'S HOW
MUCH YOU GET.
We have a surprise for all thousands of programs for economically than people who
those people who think that in schools, business or funny don't. (Which is just about
order to get more you have to business. everybody else.)
pay more. But the Commodore 64 is So because it's a 64,
The Commodore 64™ about one third the price of the it's powerful. Because it's a
We also have a surprise 64KIBMPCjrIuortheApplelle!M Commodore, it's affordable.
for all those people who think In fact, for about the price of And because it's a Commodore
they have to settle for less just those computers alone you can 64, it's the world's best selling
because they're paying less. get the Commodore 64, a disk computer.
The Commodore 64. drive, a printer and a modem—
The Commodore 64 has a a powerful computing system. COMMODORE 64=
full 64K memory, high fidelity We don't do it with mirrors, IT'S NOT HOW LITTLE IT COSTS,
sound and high resolution, we do it with chips. We make our IT'S HOW MUCH YOU GET.
16-color sprite graphics. own. So we can make them for
It's fully capable of running less, more efficiently and more
for cnmERS BVC. SCOTT WKIGIIT
At War with
War Games for the Commodore 64
Your Computer Game Manufacturer
Germany 1985: The Second Edition Strategic Simulations

M
i'aaybe you've wished you had the NATO forces must repel Soviet
time and patience — and room — to invasion of West Germany
play one of the traditional board war
Knights of the Desert Strategic Simulations
games, but the sheer magnitude of
Relive Germany s World War II
the whole thing turned you off. Tho
desert campaign
endless complicated rules, the pains
taking calculations, the massive Midway Campaign Avalon Hill Microcomputer Games
physical size of many of the tradi Nava! engagements in the Pacific
tional war games are enough to dis
NATO Commander MicroProse
courage even an avid aficionado of
war strategies. Some of these games
Defend Europe against Soviet
invasion
have over a thousand pieces to be
moved each turn on maps that cover
half a room I've got one around here
someplace with a map three feet high
and ten feet wide.
Home computer war games, how
ever, have changed all that. After all,
what is a computer better at than
keeping track of endless complicated
rules, doing painstaking calculations
and allowing a !ot of action to take
place in a very small area9 In other
words, when you play war on your
computer, you let the computer take
care of the dirty work so you can get Nuke War Avalon Hill Microcomputer Games
down to the fun — working out bril Cole1 war in the late 20th century
liant strategies to outmaneuver and
outfight your opponent. Operation Whirlwind Broderbund
These new computer war games — Command a World War II battalion
including a number of games for the

Panzer-JAGD Avalon Hill Microcomputer Games
Commodore 64 — have had to give
Suicide mission on the Russian
up some of the historical detail tradi front
tionally included in the best board
war games, but that's not necessarily Panzers East! Avalon Hill Microcomputer Games
bad In fact, the result is ultimately The 1941 German drive on Moscow
positive — the games can be easily RDF 1985 Strategic Simulations
learned and are very exciting. The US rapid deployment force
computer war games I have played
have all called for clever tactics and T.A.C. (Tactical Armor Command) Avalon Hill Microcomputer Games
brilliant moves and counter-'moves. Control tanks, anti-tank guns and
As a consequence, I've lost almost infantry squads
every game — but I've had a ball
Tigers in the Snow Strategic Simulations
losing.
Battle of the Bulge
Whether you're playing against an
other player—and most of these Fighter Command Strategic Simulations
games allow for either two players Re-enact Germany's Luftwaffe
playing against each other or one raids on England
player against the computer—you
Combat Leader Strategic Simulations
must assess the situation and work
out the strategy that you think will Legionnaire Avalon Hill Microcomputer Games
achieve the game's objectives. This
calls for an understanding of the ca
pabilities of the various forces at your
SO KKBKUARY/MAKUL'HS
FOR GRITIERS
command and consideration of fac best system for learning information
tors such as terrain, weather and how
When it comes to learning and skills ever developed—the com
bright the person is you're playing the complicated rules of a puter itself. It has infinite patience,
against, (Computers aren't too bright, will go over and over some point until
war game maybe the best you master it and allow you to do
of course, but the people who have
written the programs are, and that's thing about your computer dumb things without laughing at you.
what makes playing against the com That may sound unimportant, but
is that it can't laugh. it isn't. When it comes to learning
puter such a challenge.)
Developing these strategies is fas win the battle. complicated rules (or anything else,
cinating and. for many war gamers, But there is one thing they don't for that matter), maybe the best thing
the most, fun of all, but there ate also require—something which has dis about your computer isn't its ability
those who like to forget all that, strate couraged so many players of tradi to manipulate numbers, or draw
gic nonsense, crank up their tanks tional board war games. They do not colorful pictures or play games.
and APC's and charge1 They go like require two weeks to read and learn Maybe the best thing about your
the blazes right at the enemy and fig the rules or a Ph.D. in math to figure computer is that it can't laugh.
ure it's worth the risk just to get in out the combat results. That's worth a lot.
there and fight. The more cautious This is where the computer war And after awhile, you get the hang
player, however, will develop an over games have it all over the board of it. You feel comfortable with the
all plan, outline the tactics that seem games. In the first place, the com rules and understand the capabilities
to stand the best chance of succeed puter will limit your mistakes auto of your various forces. You start think
ing and begin matically. If you forget how far a tank ing like a soldier. Then you take on
And, believe me, watching your battalion can move in one turn, the the enemy—even the computer—
forces move into the patterns you computer won't allow you to exceed with a certain confidence, a certain
have envisioned—watching them the limitations. !t wont allow you to sense of control, a certain anticipa
move down a road, reach a key inter move where your units can't go. It tion of victory.
section, split and form a pincer move won't let you shoot farther than your Of course, you'll probably get
ment around the enemy, then go into unit's range, And so on. beaten once again, but not easily. No,
battle with their greatest strength But even more important is the fact sir. And next time1 Just wait till next
against the enemy's weakness— that you are playing the game on the time' C
that's a rewarding sight. (I. of course,
work out beautiful strategies, watcli
my forces move down a road, reach a
key intersection, split and get both
halves beaten to a pulp by the com Subscribe Now!
puter's forces, which have been hid
den in the" trees just waiting for some
fool general to send his forces down
those roads into the trap.) Get the inside story
War games tend to be longer than
on Commodore
most computer games, and many of
them make allowances for this by in computers. Discover
cluding a simple "save-the-game"
feature. (I have been playing one all the latest develop
game solitaire for two months—that's
ments in software, hard
at the rate of about an hour and a half
a night, one or two nights a week.) ware and books. . . learn
Solitaire—you against the com
puter—has the tremendous advan more about computing. .
tage of allowing you to take all the
get many programs to type and save. You get all
time you want to work out your next
move, and no one gets restless or asks this and more when you subscribe to Power/Play
when you're going to make up your
mind. The computer can wait as long and Commodore Microcomputers.
as you can and never say a word.
Than it beats you.
So computer war games are here DON'T MISS ANOTHER ISSUE!
for the Commodore 64, and they re
quire studied thought, creative
Use the subscription card enclosed to
imagination, patience, aggressive
ness and anything else you can think SUBSCRIBE NOW!
of to design strategies and tactics to
['OWERPI.AY 81
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* COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER S 175.00 !:<isy to use Just plug into your Cormnodurp ti4 rompuler
You pay only ST 75 OO when you order tin1 jjuwr lul 84K We pack a SPECIAL SOFTWARE DISCOUNT and you're ri!,idy to transmit and receive messd;if.'5
COMMODORE M COMPUTER! LESS the value ill the COUPON with every COMMODORE 64 En^rer to use ttian dicing your feleplione ||ist pusn one
SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON we path ..ltd your COMPUTER DISK DR IVE - P R I NTE R - bey ori your curnpulerf hefudes t-sflusivrr easy to use
computer ttiat iillniy; yuu lo SAVE OVIH IM)0 oil program 'or up jml down loarfirw i:i printer .ind disk
MONITOR we sell! This coupon allows von to
software sale prices" With only tlDOnf'-.miw. .iup nxl
1 SAVE OVEH S5OO OFF SALE PRICES!! dnv« Li5t 112900 SALE 179.00
your rtel crwirwter cost is 175 00"
NEW COMPUTER LEARNING PAD S39.95
makes other ^rdpiuc^ ua\e\ obsolete This nc
* 170 DISK DRIVE $199.00 SCETCH LEARNING PAD allows you 1" draw on yuur T V
(Examples)
You Day only $199.00 when you order the 170K Disk or Monilor and then yuu can print whatever you draw on
PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE
Drive! LESS tin- wine or the SPECIAL SOFTWARE the screen on your printers. FANTASTIC;1!! List 179 95
COMMODORE 54
COUPON we pacl" witli your disk drive I hat allows you lo SOLE 139.95
SAVE OVER 1100 Dll enHwaie sale orices1! With only
$500 of savings applied, your net diKh drive cost is
NEW VOICE SYNTHESIZER J59.00
Name Lisi S.I. Coupon For Corn 64 qr VIC 20 cornpLiters Jusl pkwitinaridynui
199.00.- Eipcutivi' Wnril Processor 59SOO S.I9 0I) S39 00 Cnjn prnnrniii^ words and sentences, adju^l wulumi- ond
Eivculivn DJra B.im- S69OO )3bU0 S2-1 00
* 80 COLUMN 80CPS 200OOWonl D.clionoiy SI4 91 51000
pitcM. make tJIkmg adventuri* «/inn?iL sound
K^m^ .iml ciiilomiied talVifs" (01' ONLY 119 95 jou
action
TRACTION FRICTION PRINTER S169.00 Eltcrronjc Spread ShM 159 96 513 00 539 00
Accounting Pmt 149 00 539 00 S39O0 r»uadd TEXT tOSPEECH.iitstlyuedivord.inilhtaryoiir
You pay only l\i>9 00 when you order the Comstor 1 'f
PijciilÎt SS9 96 III 9b 436 95 computer I,.lk-ADD SOUND TO -ZORK ', SCOTT ADAMS
iiciu'e line printer that prints 8' x 11 lull srze. single
AND AAHDVARK ADUENTURF GAMES" [0<it or tapel
sheet, roll or 'an fold p.i per. labels etc Impact tfotmalrii, Guulu 520 9b 116 9b 11J 60
Eiditechonal. LESS Itie value ol tlie SPECIAL SOf IWAHE Programmers Hglpvr COM-64 POWER FOR V1C-20 S69.00
COUPON we pact- with your prmief that allows you To (Diskl syj ^^ 539 9 b 523 95 Jubl plHRinouf 32K RAM MEMORY WANDER and ynn
SAVE OVER MOO oil sottwjue sale prices!! With unly 80 Column ScrOfln ID-sk) $59 85 KB.9S gel as rriucfi usable proErarnriiin^ power as the
$500 ol saving applied yo»r net printer cost is only F*p a Fllu Dim Filur S3'J 9 b tiass 114 95
Comrnnduri1 64 t ciniputer!' Master ronlrol ■iwitcties on
Qetuks TmH Cii^ûitLi S89CX1 MB ou 539 00
Si Joy Stick 52J35 Sib 9'j snoo ceviv Guld Edge connectors, live »iMr warranty (FRFE
L-ghr Piifi S39 95 Sit 9b 51J 95 i2'J 9b CARTRIDGE GAML")
* 13" HI-RESCOLOH MONITOR S199.00 Dlrtt CDVPF SS95 50 9b 5.1 60
Pngujw 4?9 3b 519 95 siuab
You ooy only S199 whnn you* order [Ins 13" COLOR
Pi 1VI Hi II El»- S39 95 S3 If 9b SJ6O0-
MONITOR willl sharper and clearer resolution Ihnn jiny FLOPPY DISK SALE 9SS
-Ptin Jni- fHCE
other color momtois wo have ICSTedl LESS valim ol the Lowest prices m tf"p USA" Gingto sided, single densiiv.
Vlifti Crflc SS9 9S 534 95
SPECIALOISCOUNT COUPON we catkwuh you'momlor willi huh rings Oualily gu.iranteedi tlOOtmlkpack 935
Filnordn 559 95 53-1 S5
■ hat allows you [O s;iw over 5500olf software snlu prices ea) (iio. ul 10 112 00)
With only slOOol anvinys applied, your net color monilor
(Sec ovtv WO coupon f!emi ;n oc catalog
cosl is only S99 00 (16 colors). COM-64 4 SLOT EXPANSION BOARD $39.95
Wtite or call (or
80 COLUMN BOARD $99.00 Easy to use. switch êêctable. ttu) tuition and LED
Sample SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON!
Now yon program HO COLUMNS on [In1 5CTWH -it QOtt indicator — âves yuirr computer .irul [i.irTnrlê^
Irme! Converts yrnir Commodore 6d to BO COI LIMNS List i'4 DO Sale S39.95 Comran $lb 3b
when you o'l'i »' Uw ho column expansion Uoaho"
PLUS A slol p*pande'' Can use with most aiming, 9" GREEN SCREEN MONITOR $69.00
software Encelienl quality bAN>0. e.isy to read Rdii.luiliilj. 14
EXECUTIVE QUALITY ■ines Gmn Piwsutiorotis sctpimi wilh anti gla/e metal
80 COLUMNS IN COLOR
PROFESSIONAL BUSINESS SOFTWARE Ljtimel1 Saves yoi» T V PLUS i9 9^ lot connecting
EXECUTIVE WORD PROCESSOR $49.00 cable Com M nr VIC 20
Tins EXECIJTIVF WORD PROCESSOR is the ItnoSt
The Cadillac of Business Programs
available lor the COMMODORE 64 computer! The
ULTIMATE FOK PROFESSIONAL Word ProeBMing (or Commodore 64 Computofs 12" GREEN OR AMBER MONITOR $99.00
DISPLAYS 40 or BO COI UMN5 IN COI OR or Suck .mil Viiur choice nf Krpen or drnlier scrî-n mnmloi tup
White' Simple To operate, powerful te*t editing with 250 Lril ■SALE Coupon QuaMjr SANYO HO columns i 24 turn easy loroad.anti
WORD DICTIONARY Lompiete cursor and iittenydelete 599 00 519 00 S35OQ flare litMi (canning! PI USt9 g^tdrMirait'ciniaiirthii1
key councils line and paragraph insertion automatic: S99 00 (J9 00 S3bOS ( tun U.I or VIC ?0
Accin>'it> l 19900 519 00 S3iO0
deletion cpntermn iiLdrîn filings and Dutput to .hi
PlfiOll 199 00 Sfl900 53bOO PHONE ORDERS
printer&l Inciirdes a powrini mail merge Gen [-i.i I Li 599 ft!) 5.13 00 535 CO
UH J99 00 SALE M9.00 CiHipn" $39 00 SAM - 8PM Weekdnvs
9AM ■ 12N Saturdays
• LOWEST PRICES* 15 DAY FREE TRIAL • 90 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY

• BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A. • ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL • OVER 500 PROGRAMS • FREE CATALOGS
Add S10.00 lor ■ hipping hondhng and insurance. Illinois resident

Qlease udd t'.. ta. Add JM 00 tot CANADA, PUERTO RICO. HAWAII.
AtASKA. APOFPO o'derj. Conadion orders mint be in U.S. dollors.
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES.
Enclose Cashiers Chsck. Money Order or Perionol Check. Allow N
doyifordelivery ?ro7doyilorphonoQrdors. lduyenpretsnôiFi
ENTERPRIZES WE LOVE OUB CUSTOME«5l
VISA - MASTER CARD -COD BOX 550, BARRING TON, ILLINOIS 60010
Phone 312/382-524') to order

DAISY WHEEL PRINTER SALE!
■JUKI
DELUXE LETTER QUALITY
'DAISY WHEEL PRINTERS"
■JUKI
DELUXE COMPUTER PRINTER
List Price $399 SALE $249
Superb "Daisy Wheel" Computer

Printer
100 Characters
Bi-directional with special print
enhancements-many type styles-
Si 8.95
Pitch 10, 12, 15CPI
Print Speed up to 12 CPS
Print line width: 115, 138, 172
characters
13" Extra large carriage
Drop in cassette ribbon
(replacement $8.95)
CentronicsjmralieL-IlS 232
Serial interface built in (.specify)
■JUKI
DELUXE "COMBINATION"
PRINTER/TYPEWRITER
List Price $499 SALE $299
Superb Computer Business printer

combined with world's finest
electronic lypewriterl
Two machines in one—just a flick
of the switch!
Superb letter quality corre
spondence—home, office, word
processing!
13" Extra large carriage
Drop in cassette ribbon-
replacement $8,95
Preciaion daisy wheel printing-
many type styles! S18.95
Pitch selector-10, 12, 15 CPS,
Automatic relocate key!
Automatic margin control and
setting! Key in buffer!
Letter Quality Printer/TypewritBr Centronics parallel of RS 232
Serial interface built-in (specify)
15 Day Free Trial ■ 90 Day Immediate Replacement Warranty

COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER INTERFACE ONLY 849,00 ATARI INTERFACE S79.00
' ADD S10,00 for shipping and handlingi] ;

I ■
| Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or Personal Cneck. Allow!
j u days (or delivery. 2 to 7 days (or phone orders. 1 day express I ENTERPRIZES- —-
|mail! Canada orders musl be in U.S. dollars VISA — MASTER BOX 550, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
ACCEPTED We ship CO D Phoni 312/382-5244 1o order

Commodore
List M99
Tractor/Friction (FREE: Script 64 Word Processor List S99.00)
Business Printer
No. 4023
• 80 columns
• 100 characters per second
• Friction and Tractor feed
• Bi-directional
• Prints reverse characters
• Intelligent (Internal ROM and
RAM)
• Programmable characters
• Enhanced Formatting RBCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVLJXYZ 1231367890-=
ijKlmnopqrs-tuvidxyz 1234567890-=
included (automatic $ signs,
tabbing, columns, etc.) >-+♦[ t_»l rXO*
i i r.%.
The 4023 is a highly advanced 80 column professional tractor/friction printer with full
graphics capabilities for custom reports, and program listings. You have 64 programmable
characters to define as well as full column and formatting controls. The characters are
beautifully created in an 8 X 8 dot matrix. The paper feed is smooth and error free and
even includes a paper rack for easier paper storage. The ribbon can be replaced with ease
(no mess, easily available cartridge) and will last through 1.2 million characters. You can
use single sheet standard paper or continuous forms to make up to 3 copies at one time (3
part forms). This is the best printer value in the U.S.A.
SPECIFICATIONS
HUNTING METHOD CHARACTER FONT RIBBON TYPE FORMS
Serial Impact Doi Matrix 8X8 Cartridge 7.5 plus (0.5 X 2 sprocket margins)
PRINT RATE Pin-to-prn distance: .5" longitudinally
LINE SPACING RIBBON LIFE
100 characters per second (CPS] 9.5" laterally
Programmable 1.2 million characters
PRINT STYLE 5 32 diameter
Correspondence Quality RIBBON CARTRIDGE
CHARACTER SIZE INTERFACE
PRINT DIRECTION Commodore P N613160550
0 094" high, 0.0B" wide IEEE protocol
Bi-directional PAPER WIDTH
COLUMN CAPACITY COPIES 3 lo 10" Iracior or single sheet GRAPHICS
B0 3. including original friction 6-1 Programmable graphics
Commodore 64 Computer IEEE Interfaced Cable list 549 oo Sale $79.00

1 (with purchase of # 4023 printer)
15 Day Free Trial - 90 Day Immediate Replacement Warranty
Add SH 50 tor shipping, hondling. and insurance. Illinois residents

please add 6". io« Add 529 00 lor CANADA PUERTO RICO. HAWAII
ALASKA APO-FPO orders. Canadian orders must be in U.S. dollars.
WE DO NOT EXPORT IO OTHER COUNTRIES.
Enclose Cashiers Check Money Order or Personal Check Allow I-: ENTERPRIZES E IOVE OUB CUS'OMt HSI
doys rordelivBFy 2lo7day*foiphonBOrdors I doy express mail'

BOX 550, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
VISA -MASTER CARD We Shin C O.D To U S. AddioiSBS Only
Phona 312/382-5244 lo ordor

Commodore 64
Word Processor
Two For One Sale!!
Data Base
BOTH FOR
ONLY
00
List M9.00 (List price 598.00. Save M9.00) List M9.00
IF YOU CAN FIND A BETTER

WORD PROCESSOR OR DATA BASE SYSTEM
WE'LL BUY IT FOR YOU.
Word Writer Data Manager 2
(80 Columns in Color).
This system includes:
This menu-driven system includes; A menu-driven program that easily lets you store information on a wide
A program which can be used by itself variety of subjects — from generol name and address lists, to research data.
(stand-alone), or interfaced with This program will olso calculate and slore any corresponding numericol data.
Timeworks' Dafa Manager or Data Quick access to important information. Items con be eosily retrieved ond
Manager 2, enabling you to maintoin ond printed by category, name, index code, date range, amount range, or any
print out name and address lists, create category of information stored in the sysiem.
individualized form letters Timeworks exclusive X-Search, X-Sorl ond X-Chart features allow you to
automatically, and produce customized easily cross-search ony of the categories. Or arrange your stored items in
reports up to 20 columns wide, which can increasing or decreasing order, alphabetically, numerically or by date. Break
be incorporated into any text produced down statistical information by up to ten indexed categories of your choice —
by the Word Writer. and graphically review your results.
Make Your 1985 Income Tax Report Easy!

This program includes:
• An eosy to use menu-driven program that will enable you to prepare and complete your
Federal income tax returns, yet requires no prior knowledge of computers or accounting.
• A CPA-tested manual, written in easy-to-understand, people-friendly English, abundantly
illustrated to help make tax preparation and tax law understandable.
• Full prompting — you will be guided through the tax preparation process by thoughtful,
easily-understood instructions (prompts) from your computer display screen.
• Password protection — To prevent unauthorized access to your confidential data.
• A Special Backup Feature — which quickly generates extra backup copies of your
recorded information lo guard against the loss of important data.
List s49.00. $39.95

Add S3.00 for shipping, handling and insurance. Illinois resident
plaose add 6'- la*. Add So.00 for CANADA. PUERTO RICO. HAWAII.
AlASKA. APO-FPO orders Canadian order* mini be in U.Sr dollars.
IE
ENTERPRIZES
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES.
<W£ IOVE OU1 C US'O« E IS]
Enclose Cashiers Check. Money Order or Perionol Check. Allow 14
days tor dohvory, 1 lo 7 days for phono orders. I day express mail!
BOX 550, HARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
VISA MASTERCARD -COD,
Phona 312/3*2-5244 to order
NoC.O.D. loCnnoda. APO-FPO.

COLOR
ONITOR SALE!!!
(Lowest price in USA)
•Built in speaker and

audio
• Front Panel Controls • Beautiful Color Contrast
•For Video Recorders • High Resolution
•For Small Business/ • Separated Video
• Sharp Clear Text
Computers
• Anti Glare Screen
•Apple-Commodore • 40 Columns x 24 lines
Atari-Franklin-etc. • Supports 80 Columns
13" Color Computer Monitor •List $399
SALE $199
15 Day Free Trial - 90 Day Immediate Replacement Warranty
12" XTRON SUPER HI-RESOLUTION "SWIVEL BASE" MONITOR

List $249 SALE $119
80 Columns x 24 lines, Super Hi-Resolution 1000 lines
Green or Amber super-clear Easy to Read text with special anti-glare screen!
HI-RESOLUTION GREEN OR AMBER TEXT DISPLAY
MONITOR List $199 SALE $99
80 Columns x 24 lines, Hi-Resolution-crisp clear easy to read text with anti-glare
screen! A MUST for word processing.
12" MONITOR GREEN OR AMBER TEXT
80 Columns x 24 lines, easy to read up front controls
List $159 SALE $79.95
• LOWEST PRICES ■ 15 DAY FREE TRIAL • 90 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY

• BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A. * ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL • OVER 500 PROGRAMS • FREE CATALOGS
Add S10.00 for (hipping, htndtlng ind Iniumnet. Illlnoli reiidint*

plMM «dd 8% tw. Add S20.00 far CANADA, PUERTO RICO, HAWAII
ord»rt. WE DO NOT EX PORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES.
Enclose Cashiers Chtck, Monty Ordtr or Person*! Chtek. Allow 14

days for delivery, 2 to 7 dlys lor phono ordtrs, 1 diy •■prill malll
ENTERPRIZES WELOVEOUH CUSTOMERS)
Cantdi orders must bo In U.S. dollars. Vlii ■ MnaltrCerO ■ C.O.D BOX 550, BARRINQTON, ILLINOIS 60010
Phona 312/382-5244 le order

JIFFIES BY GREG KUDASZ
Alarm Clock for

the 64
Here is a multi-function pro

gram that turns your 64 into an
alarm clock.
The Program
T
A he register is the current time according to the
computer If the register reads 120000, then the time
according to the computer is 12 00:00 or 12 o'clock on
the nose. If the computer's time does not match real
time (current time), you must reset the register when
the message. IS THIS CORRECT SYSOP? appears on the
screen To do this, hit N. The screen will blank out and
you will be signaled to input tho correct time in 12-hour
format. To enter a number in 12-hour format, enter a
number between 010000 (1 o'clock) and 125959
(12:59:59 seconds). Do not enter time in 24-hour format
(010000-240000). The computer uses AM/PM to tell the
think the alarm is too loud, then turn your TV down. To
difference between after midnight and before noon, and
turn off the alarm after setting the volume, hit any key.
after noon and before midnight. After you set the time,
The computer will return to showing the time.
hit any key except the N key when you are asked ii the
register is the correct time. Setting the Alarm
The alarm can be set for any time of the day or night.
Functions
To do this, hit key "5" then enter the time you want to
The time is displayed in the middle of the screen with
be signaled (0100-1259). Do not use colons or seconds.
a colon between the hour and the minutes. The seconds
Remember that 0100 = 01:00 and 1259 = 12:59. After
are displayed on top of the colon.
you set the time, you must tell the computer whether
Seconds the time tho alarm is set for is AM or PM. To do this,
The seconds may be displayed in place of the time in type AM or PM then RETURN. After the alarm goes off,
the middle of the screen by pressing the "1" key. The hit any key to stop the alarm.
screen will display the seconds for three seconds and
Displaying the Time That the Alarm Is Set For
will then return to telling the time. If you hit the "1" key
To display the time that the alarm is set for, hit key
and hold down the space bar, the seconds will remain
"6". The time will be displayed on top of the screen with
on the screen. When you let go of the space bar, the
AM/PM on the bottom. The screen will return to
time will return to the center of the screen.
showing the correct time after eight seconds.
Setting AM/PM
Changing the Screen Color
This program keeps track of AM and PM the same
To change the screen color, hit key "7" or "8". Key
way as most clocks and watches To set the clock to AM
"7" will allow the screen color to be changed to black-
or PM, hit the "2" key and then hit A for AM or P for PM.
yellow. (See page 73 in the Commodore 64
Displaying AM/PM Programmer's Reference Guide ) Key "8 " works like the
Hitting the "3" key will display either AM or PM in above, but allows the screen to be set to orange and
place of the time in the middle of the screen. The screen gray.
will remain this way for two seconds and then return to
Changing Character Shape/Character Color
showing the time.
The character makeup for the numbers that display
Setting Alarm Signal Strength the time are reversed spaces or black lines. This can be
Hitting the "4" key will sound the alarm. This is so changed so that the numbers can be made up of any
you can set how loud the alarm will be. If you think it character that can be displayed on the screen. To do
wouldn't wake you. then turn up the volume. If you this, hit key "9" and do the following
RLHRm CLOCK
When you are asked NEW CHARACTER? hit the keys SHFT G,SPACE3,SI1FT G , SPACE3 , SHFT G)
that you want to use Co make up the numbers. For ":NEXT'FGKV
example, [SHIFT| (uJ. Then hit Fl if you want reverse 77 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT B]
video or F3 for reverse off, Then hit CTRL one through [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B]
[SHFT G] [SHFT G] [SHFT G]
eight or the Commodore logo key and one through eight
[SHFT G] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B)
to change the number's color,
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT BJ
As you can see, you can mix any character makeup,
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B]
color and screen color to suit your liking. C
[SHFT G]":NEXT'FGSG
Alarm Clock 64 80 GET XS:IF XS=""THEN 60'EHDI
0 POKE 53281,1:POKE 53280,1 85 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT B]
: PRINT"[CLEAR,LEFT,BLUE]";'DRIE [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B]
5 AA$="[RVS] ":PRINT CHR$(8)'DHWG ONE MOMENT PLEASEfSHFT B] [SHFT B]
10 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B]
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT G]":NEXT'FGXD
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT Bj 90 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT G]
[SHFT B] (SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT G] [SHFT G] [SHFT B] [SHFT B,
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] SPACE21,SHFT G] [SHFT G] [SHFT G]
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B) [SHFT B] [SHFT G] [SHFT G]":NEXT'FGOU
[SHFT G)":NEXT'FGXS 91 PMS="[SHFT Q,SPACE2,SHFT Q.SPACE7,
20 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT B] SHFT Q.SPACE2)"'BDPN
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B, 92 PMS=PM$+"[DOWN,LEFT17,SHFT Q,
SPACE9.SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] SPACE2,SHFT Q,SPACE2,SHFT Q,SPACE5,
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B) SHFT Q,SPACE2]""CGJB
(SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] 93 PM$=PM$+"[DOWN,LEFT17,SHFT Q,
[SHFT G]":NEXT'FGIR SPACE2,SHFT Q] [SHFT Q,SPACE3,
30 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT B] SHFT Q] [SHFT Q,SPACE2]"*CGDE
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B, $4 PM$=PM$+"[DOWN,LEFT17,SHFT Q,
SPACE21,SHFT B] [SHPT B] [SHFT B] SPACE5,SHFT Q, SPACE2, SHP'P Q]
[SHFT B] [SHFT G]":NEXT1FGEO [SHFT Q,SPACE2,SHFT Q,SPACE2]"'CGHD
40 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT Bl 95 PMS=PMS+"[DOWN,LEFT17,SHFT Q,
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B, SPACE3,SHFT Q] [SHFT Q,SPACE3,
SPACE9,SHFT B] [SHFT B,SPACE3, SHFT Q,SPACE3,SHFT Q] [SHFT Q]
SHFT B] [SHFT B,SPACE3,SHFT B] "'CGJE
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT G] 96 AM$="[SHFT Q,SPACE3,SHFT Q,SPACE7,
":NEXT'FGOS SHFT Q,SPACE2]"'BDHS
50 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT B] 97 AM$=AM$+"[DOWN,LEFT18,SHFT Q,
[SHFT B] {SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B, SPACE2,SHFT Q,SPACE3,SHFT Q,SPACES,
SPACE21,SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] SHFT Q,SPACE2]"'CGNH
[SHFT B] [SHFT G]":NEXT'FGEQ 98 AM$=AM$+"[DOWN,LEFT18,SHFT Q,
60 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT B] SPACE3,SHFT Q] [SHFT Q,EPACE3,
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] SHFT Q] [SHFT Q,SPACE2]"'CGNJ
[SHFT G] [SHFT G,SPACE3,SHFT G] 99 AM$=AM$+"[DOWN,LEFT18,SHFT Q,
[SHFT B,SPACE5,SHFT B] [SHFT B, SPACE2,SHFT Q,SPACE3,SHFT Q,SPACE2,
SPACE5.SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] SHFT Q) [SHFT Q,SPACE2,SHFT Q,
[SHFT G]":NEXT'FGQU SPACE2]"'CGNJ
63 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT B] Iflf! AM$=AM$ + " [DOWN, LEFT18, SHFT Q,
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B, SPACE2,SHFT Q] [SHFT Q] [SHFT Q,
SPACE21,SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] SPACE3,SHFT Q,SPACE3,SHFT Q]
[SHFT B] [SHFT G)":NEXT'FGEU [SHFT 0)"'CGLQ
65 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SPACE2] 125 FOR A«l TO 25: PRINT" [ SHFT G)
PRESS ANY KEY TO BEGIN THE PROGRAM [SHFT G] [SHFT G] [SHFT B]
[SPACE2]":NEXT'FGYU [SHFT B] ONE MOMMENT PLEASE
67 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SPACE2,SHFT B) [SPACE2,SHFT G] [SHFT G] [SHFT G]
[SHFT B) [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT G] [SHFT G]":NEXT1FGJU
[SHFT B,SPACE17,SHFT B] [SHFT B] 126 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT B]
[SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B,SPACE2]" [SHFT B] [SHFT BJ [SHFT B]
:NEXT"FGYY [SHFT B] [SHFT G] [SHFT G]
7fl FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT G] [SHFT G) [SHFT G] [SHFT B]
[SHFT G] [SHFT G] [SHFT B] [SHFT B, [SHFT B] [SHPT B] [SHFT B]
SPACE21.SHFT G] [SHFT G] [SHFT G] [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B]
[SHFT G] [SHFT G]":NEXT'FGOS [SHFT B] [SHFT B] [SHFT B]
75 FOR A=l TO 25:PRINT"[SHFT G.SPACE3, [SHFT G]":NEXT"FGSY
SHFT G,SPACE3,SHFT B,SPACE21, 127 IF VAL(TI$)<010(100 THEN 160'EOPJ
rtJWKHl'UV 89
+K$:(0) +K$(1J +KS (1) 'HPHI
ninnm clock 1130 AS(6)=A$(6)+K$(1)+K$(1)+K${C)

'EAOE
128 IF VAL(TIS) =>130000 THEN 160'FONL 1140 A$(7)=K$(5)+KS(2)+K$(2)+K$(2)+KS
129 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN7,RIGHT10] (2)+K$(2)+KS(2)'HPJK
REGISTER READS- ";TIS'BESN 1150 A$(7)=A$(7)+KS(2)+KS{2)+KS(2)
130 PRINT"[DOWN,RIGHTlfl] 1 EAUG
IS THIS CORRECT SYSOP?'"BACG 1160 A${8)=KS(5)+K${1)+KS{1)+KS(1)+K$
GET XS:IF X$=""THEN 129'EIHD (0}+KS(l)+K$(l)'HPDM
150 IF X$><"NnTHEN 500'EFUD 1170 AS(8)=A${8)+KS(l)+K$(l)+KS(0)
160 PRINT"[CLEAR,D0WN2,RIGHT] 'EASI
TYPE CORRECT VALUE (12-HOUR 1180 AS(9)=K$(5)4K$(1)+K$(1)+KS(1)+KS
FORMAT)""BAUL (0)+K$(2)+KS(2)'HPGO
Ifi5 INPUT" 010000-125959";A1$ 1190 A$(9)=AS(9)+K$(2)+K$(2)+KS(2)
:GOTO 172'CIIL 'EAYK
170 GOTO 155'BDLD 1200 AS(10)=K$(9)+KS(4)+KS(4)+KS(4)
172 IF VAL(AIS)<010000 THEN 170'EOXJ +KS(4)+K$(4)+KS(4)'HQRH
195 IF VAL(A1$)>125959 THEN 170'EOBO 1210 A$(10)=AS(10)+KS(4)+K$(4)+K$(4)
210 TI$=A1$'BGJY 'ECKD
300 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN16,RIGHT6] 1230 RETURN1BAQX
TIS'BEBA 2015 PRINT"[CLEAR,RIGHT10]";AS(1)
3R5 GOSUB 30000'BFCD :PRINT"[HOME,RIGHT19]";A$(0)'CNIH
310 A3=A3+1:IF A3>20fl THEN 85'FNFE 2017 FOR X=l TO 1000:NEXT'EHUF
320 GOTO 300'BDCA 2020 PRINT"fCLEAR]";:FOR A=9TO 0
500 GOSUB 507'BDPA STEP-1:PRINT"[HOME,RIGHT19]";
505 GOTO 2315'BEFF :PRINT AS(A);'IPTG
507 XCS="[DOWN,LEFTS]"'BDNM 2021 FOR X=l TO 1000:NEXT'EHUA
510 KS(0)=XCS:FOR 11=1 TO 8 2030 NEXT'BAEW
:KS(0)=KS(0)+AAS:NEXT 2040 PRINT"[CLEAR]"'BATY
:AAS=AA$ + " [RVOPF] '"JKKN 2100 GET R$:R=VAL(R$}'DIYX
520 K$(1)=XC$+AAS+"[RVOFF,SPACE6] 2107 X1$=LEFT$(TI$,1):X2S=MIDS{TIS,2,
"+AAS+"[RVOFF]"'FOJJ 1):X3S=MIDS(TI$,3,1)'GLYN
530 KS(2)=XCS+"[RVOFF,SPACE7]"+AAS+" 2110 X4$=MIDS(TIS,'i,l) :X5$=HID$(TI$,5,
[RVOFF]"'ELNJ 1):X6S=RIGHTS(TIS,1)'GLII
540 KS(3)=XC$+"[RVOFF)"+AAS+"[SPACE7] 2120 X7$=X1S+X2S+X3S+X4S+X5$+X6$'GVLF
"'ELWJ 2130 IF X7S=ALS + "f)l'1THEN GOSUB
5 50 K${4)=XC$+"[RVOFF,SPACE8] '"CILI 20000'FLLD
610 KS[5)=RICHT$(K$(0),16)'CPRF 2140 IF X1S="0"THEN 2155'DHRC
620 KS(S)=RIGHTS{KS(1),14)'CPRG 2150 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN4]";A$(VAL(XIS) )
630 KS!7)=RIGHT$(KS(2),12)'CPRH .■GOTO 2150'DPWF
640 KS(8)=RIGHT$(KS(3),11)'CPSI 215 5 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN4]";A$(10)'BHPH
650 KS{9)=RIGHT$(KS(4),9)'COEJ 2160 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN4,RIGHT9]";
1000 A$(0)=K$(5)+KS(1)+K$(1)+K$(1)+I<$ A${VAL(X2S))'CKTF
{1}+K$(1)+K$(1)'HPVF 2170 PRINT"[HOME,DOWNS,RIGHT18,RVS]";
1010 AS(0)=AS{0)+KS(1)+KS(1)+KS(0) X5S'BEAG
1 EACB 218(1 PRINT" [HOME,DOWN10,RIGHT18,RVS] ";
1020 AS(1)=K$(7)+K$(2)+KS(2)+K${2)+K$ X6$'BETH
(2)+KS(2)+KS(2)'HPFH 2190 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN4,RIGHT20]";
1030 A$(1)=AS{1)+KS(2)+KS(2)+KS(2) A${VAL(X3S))'CKIJ
'EAID 2200 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN4,RIGHT29]";
1040 A$(2)=KS(5)+KS(2)+K$(2)+K$(2)+KS A${VAL(X4S))'CKOC
(0)+KS(3)+KS(3)'HPEJ 2310 GOSUB 300510' BFCY
1050 AS(2)=AS(2)+KS(3)+K$|3)+K$(0) 3285 IF R=0 THEN 2100'DGPN
' EAKF 3290 ON R GOSUB 401)0 , 5000 , 6000 , 7000 ,
1060 A$(3)=K$(5)+K$<2)+K$(2)+K$(2)+K$ 8000,9000,9500,9600,40000'CVIQ
(fl)+K$(2)+KS(2)'HPDL 3300 GOTO 2100'BEAY
10 70 A$(3)=A$(3)+KS(2)+KS(2)+KS(fl) 4000 PRINT"[CLEAR]":FOR S=l TO 10'EFJA
'EAKH 4002 X5S=MID$(TIS,5,1):X6S=RIGHT$(TIS,
108 0 AS(4)=KS(6)+KS(1)+KS(1)+K$(1)+KS 1)"EXKF
(0)+KS(2)+KS(2)'HPCN 4003 GOSUB 30000'BFCA
1090 AS(4)=AS(4)+K$(2)+KS(2)+KS(2) 4010 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN2,RIGHT11]";
'EAOJ AS(VAL(X5S)1'CKVB
1100 A$(5)=KS(5)+K$(3)+K$(3)+KS(3)+KS 4015 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN2,RIGHT20]";
(0)+K$(2)+K$(2)'HPIG A$(VAL(X6$))"CKCH
1110 AS(5)=AS(5)+K$(2)+KS(2)+K$(0) 4020 GET X1$:IF X1S=" "THEN 4002'ELEC
' EAOC 4030 NEXT:PRINT"[CLEAR]":RETURN'DCBB
1120 AS(6)=KS(5)+K$(3)+i<S(3)+KS(3) 50 00 PRINT"[CLEAR]":G1S=G3$'CHHA
Continued on Pg. 9.1
90 riCllKDARy/MARCH '85
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5001 PRINT"(HOME]n:G1$=G3S'CHJA
5170 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN4,RIGHTS]";
G3$'BEOH
numm [lock
5180 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN](P)M OR (A)M ? 9500 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN21]
";'BBWK HIT 1-8 TO CHANGE COLORS.
5220 GET G1S:IF G1$=""THEN GOSUB (BLK-YEL)""BALQ
30000'FMSG 9505 GOSUB 30000'BFCM
5222 PRINT GIS'BDCE 9510 GET RRS:IF VAL(RRS)<1 OR
5223 IF G1$="A"THEN G1S=AMS VAL(RR$)>8 THEN 9505"IUYQ
:GOTO 5230'FODK 9515 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN,SPACE35] '" BAMS
5224 IF G1$="P"THEN G1$=PM$ 9520 POKE 53281,VAL(RR$)-1'DMCM
:GOTO 5230'FOIL 9530 POKE 53280,VAL(RRS)~1:RETURN'ENUO
5225 G3S=G1$:GOTO 5OB1'CLQJ 9600 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN21]
5230 PRINT"[CLEAR]":RETURN'CBTD HIT 1-8 TO CHANGE COLORS.
6000 PRINT"£ CLEAR,DOWN 3,RIGHT7] (ORA-GREY3)"'BATS
GIS'BECB 9605 GOSUB 30000'BFCN
6010 FOR A=l TO 1O00:NEXT'EHWC 9610 GET RR$:IF VAL(RRS)<1 OR
6020 PRINT"[CLEAR]":RETURN1CBTB VAL(RR$)>8 THEN 9605'IUAR
7000 S=54272'BGJB 9615 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN,SPACE37]"'BABT
7010 FOR L=0 TO 2-3:POKE S+L,0 9620 POKE 53281,VAL(RR$}+7'DMHN
:NEXT'GKJF 9530 POKE 5 3 28 0,VAL(RiiS) +71 RETURN1 ENAP
7030 POKE S+14,5'CFOfc; 20000 IF G1SXG2STHEN RETURN'FGRV
7041! REM POKES+18,16'BLFG 20010 GOSUB 7000'BEIT
7050 POKE S+3,1'CEKG 20100 RETURN'BAQS
7060 POKE S+24,143'CHOH 30000 IF TIS="12O30O"THEN 30030'DIUW
7070 POKE S+6,240'CGOI 30001 IF TIS=AL$+"01"THEN 2fi000'ELJY
7080 POKE S+4,65'CFTJ 30003 IF VAL(LEFT$(TI$,
709(1 FR=5389'BGJK 2))<13 THEN 30[!2O'FQOC
7100 GET DS'BCJB 30005 ZZ=VAL(LEFTS(TIS,2))
7110 FQ=FR+PEEK(S+27)*3.5'FMTH :IF ZZ>12 THEM XX$=STRS(ZZ-12)
712B HF=INT(FQ/256):LF=FQ-HF*256'GTOK +RIGHTS(TIS,4)'LHQH
7130 POKE S+0,LF:POKE S+l.HF'ELZI 30PfiC IF ASC|XX$)=32 THEN
7135 GOSUB 30000'BFCJ XXS="0"+RIGHTS(XXS,5)'HRCB
7140 IF D$=""THEN 7100'DGUH 30007 IF LEN(XXS)>6 THEN
7150 POKE S+24,0:R=O:KETURN'EJOJ XXS="R"+RIGHTS(XXS,5)'HQBC
8000 PRINT"[CLEAR]"'BATB 30015 TIS=XXS'BGUB
8010 INPUT"ALAR.M SETTING 01 00- 1 259" ; 3H02O RETURN1BAQU
ALS'BEQI 3(1030 IF G1S=AM$THEN G3$=PM$'EMQB
8015 IF VAL(AL$)>1259 OR 30040 IF G1S=PMSTHEN G3$=AM$'EMQC
VAL(AL$)<010O THEN PRINT"fUP2] " 30050 FOR A=l TO 1O00:NEXT:G1S=G3$
:G0TO 8010'JXYR :RETURN'GPEE
8017 IF LEN(AL$)>4 THEN PRINT"[UP2]" 40800 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN16]"'BAMU
:GOTO afllR'GLLP 40010 PRINT"NEW CHARACTER? ";'BBOY
8020 INPUT"PM OR AM";G2$'BEKF 40012 GOSUB 30000'BFCX
8022 IF G2$=PMSTHEN 8(130'DKNI 4 0 015 GET AA$:IF AA$=""THEN 40012'EMCF
8024 IF G2$=AM$THEN 8030'DKDJ 4 0 016 IF ASC{AAS)=13 OR ASC(AAS)=141
8C25 IF G2$="PM"THEN G2S=PM$ OR ASC(AA$)=34 THEN 40003'KCBH
:GOTO 8030'FOON 40017 PRINT AAS'BDMD
8026 IF G2$="AM"THEN G2$=AM$ 40018 PRINT"HIT <F1> FOR RVS-ON OR
:GOTO 8030'FOJO <F3> FOR RVS-OFF ";'BBSH
8028 PRINT"[UP2]":GOT0 8020'CFXN 40019 GOSUB 30000'BFCF
8030 PRINT"[CLEAR]";:RETURN'CCWF 40020 GET BB$:IF BBS = ""THEN 400.19'EMNB
9000 PRINT"[CLEAR]"'BATC 4 0030 IF BBS="[F1]"THEN AAS="[RVS]
9010 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN 2]"; "+AA$:PRINT"RVS-ON"
A$(VAL(LEFT$(AL$,1)))'DOBG :GOTO 40045"HQQB
9020 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN2,RIGHT9] 40040 IF BBS="[F3]"THEN AA$="[RVOFF]
AS(VAL(MIDS(ALS,2,1)))'DQVJ "+AAS:PRINT"RVS-OFF"
9030 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN2,RIGHT18j"; :GOTO 40045'HQJC
A$(VAL(MID$(ALS,3,1)))'DQCL 40043 PRINT"[UP2]":GOTO 4H018'CGYE
9040 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN2,RIGHT27]"; 40045 PRINT"HIT <CTRL l-8> OR
A$(VAL(RIGHTS(ALS,1)))'DOMN <COMMODORE l-8> FOR[SPACE3]
9050 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN13,RIGHT12]"; COLOR";'BBDI
G2$'BENJ 40047 GOSUB 3fl00O'BFCA
9460 FOR A=l TO 200'DFSN 40050 GET BB$:IF BBS=""THEN 40047'EMOE
9470 GOSUB 3P000'BFCN 40051 PRINT BBS'BDOB
9480 NEXT'BAEN 40055 GOSUB 507'BDPF
9490 PRINT"[CLEAR]":RETURN'CBTP 40Ofi0 PRINT"[CLEAR]":Z=0:RETURN1DEGD
E'OWLiKl'JJVY 93
GnniE PROGRnms BY UHUCEJAEGER
190 PRINT"[HOME,D0WN2]":F0R Z=l TO 9

In Between: A Card 200
:PRINT"[RVS,GREEN,SPACE12]":NEXT
PRINT"[HOME,DOWN11]":FOR Z=l TO 9
Game for the VIC 20 or :PRINT"[HVS,GREEN,HIGHT,SPACE12]"

:NEXT
210 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN2]":FOR Z=l TO 9
Commodore 64 220
:PRINT"[RVS,GREEN,SPACE12J":NEXT
GOSUB 820:IF P>0 THEN 270
230 IF N=l THEN P=5
.n Between" has always been one of my favorite 240 PRINT ES;H(HOME,BLACKj
card games, and because it isn't as complicated as POT'S EMPTY!":PRINT"EVERYBODY
games like cribbage, poker ot budge, I felt it was a ANTE UP!":GOSUa 59'J:PRINT E$
natural to squeeze into the unexpanded VIC 20. And 250 FOR X=l TO N:IF M(X)>=5 THEN P=P+5
those cards sum look good with VIC's color graphics! :M(X)=M(X)-5
Playing the game itself is fairly simple (probably why I 260 NEXT
like it). First you arc dealt two cards, face up. Then you 270 KT=KT+1:IF KT>N THEN KT=1
decide whether to bet that the next card will be "in 280 IF M{KT)<=0 THEN 270
between" the first two. That's it. If you're dealt a four 290 IF N=l THEN 320
and a jack, you win if the third card is, for instance, a 300 PRINT E$:PRINT"[HOME,RVS,BLUE]";
seven. Another jack, or a two. or any other card not N${KT};"'S TURN"
between the four and the jack and you lose. 310 GOSUB 900:D=500:GOSUB 600
320 M(KT)=M(KT)-5:P=P+5
Some game variations allow splitting pairs into two
330 IF CL<6 THEN PRINT E$M[HOME]"
separate hands, and some allow calling the ace either
:GOSUB 500
high or low. Unfortunately, there wasn't room for that in
340 GOSUB 900
3583 bytes. Besides, me and the boys don't play that
350 GOSUB 540:C1=C%(C):C%(C)=0:CD=1
way anyhow.
:CA=C1:GOSUB 760:C1=CA:GOSUB 610
Type in Che program carefully, because the graphics
360 GOSUB 540:C2=C%(C): C%(C)=0:CD=2
depend on having all the control characters and spaces
:CA=C2:G0SUB 760:C2=CA:GOSUB 610
exactly as listed. I'm sorry it's so packed, but I had to
370 IF ABS(C1-C2)>1 THEN 390
make a choice between REM statements and the multi-
380 PRINT"[DOWN,RVS]T0UGH LUCK!"
player option. (And it's a lot more fun with several
:GOSUB 590:PRINT"[UP,RVS,GREEN,
people1) The game will also run with expansion memory.
SPACE11]":GOTO 480
A version for the Commodore 64 is also included. With 390 INPUT"[HOME,DOWN,RVS,GHEEN]
the 64, there was room for sound effects. Feel free to YOUR BET[SPACE3]0[LEFT3)";B
make use of the short machine language routine called 400 IF B<=0 THEN 190
by "SYS 50000 " (It's poked into memory at the begin 410 IF B>M(KT)0R B>P THEN PRINT"[HOME,
ning of the program.) This is a "quieting" routine that DOWN,RVS,RED]TOO MUCH!!![RVS,
turns off the 64's sound with less of a "thud" than doing GREEN,SPACES]":GOSUB 590:GOTO 390
it in BASIC C 420 M(KT)=M(KT)-B:P=P+B
430 GOSUB 540:C3=C%{C) : C% (C) =11 ;CD=3
VIC Version
:CA=C3:GOSUB 760:C3=CA:GOSUB 610
100 PRINT"[CLEAR,RVS,bLACK]IN BETWEEN" 440 CW=C1:CH=C2:IF C1>C2 THEN CW=C2
:OF=30720:SC=7680 :CH=C1
105 IF PEEK(44)=18 THEN OF=33792 450 IF C3<=CW OR C3>=CH THEN PRINT £$
:SC=4096 :PRINT"[HOME,RVS,BLACK]YOU LOSE!"
110 POKE 36879,122:DIM C%(52) :GOTO 470
:KS="[RIGHT13)H 460 PRINT E$:PRINT"[HOME,RVS,PURPLE]
120 E$="[HOME,RVS,GREEN,SPACE21,HOME, A WINNER!":M(KT)=M(KT)+2*B:P=P-2*B
DOWN,SPACE21]" 470 GOSUB 900:GOSUB 590
130 INPUT" [DOWN] HOW MANY PLAYERS 480 IF M(KT)<=5 THEN GOSUB 990
[SPACE2]1[LEFT3]";N 490 PRINT E5:GOTO 190
140 IF N=l THEN iMU=100:GOTO 160 500 PRINT"[RVS,PURPLE]SHUFFLING[BLACK]
150 FOR X=l TO N:PRINT"[DOWN] ":FOR X=l TO 52:C%(X)=0:NEXT
NAME OF PLAYER ff";X:PHINT :F0R X=1 TO 52
:INPUT NS(X):M(X)=100:NEXT 510 Y=INT(RND(1)*52)+l
160 PRINT"[CLEARjEACH PLAYER BEGINS" 520 IF C%(Y)=0 THEN C% (¥)=X:NEXT:CL=52
:PRINT"[DOWNJWITH $100-[SPACE2] :PRINT E$:RETURN
THE ANTE" 530 GOTO 510
170 PRINT"[DOWN]PER DEAL IS 55" 540 C=INT(RND(1)*52)+1:IF C%(C)=0
:PRINT"[DOWN]ACES ARE ALWAYS HIGH" THEN 540
180 PRINT"[DOWN]NO DOUBLES[DOWN]" 550 CL=CL-1:IF C%(C)<14 THEN S=l
:GOSUB 500:GOSUB 95l):KT=0 :RETURN
94 KEHRUAKY/MAKCH'85
cnmE PROCRnms
560 IF C%(C)<27 THEN S=2:HETURN :PRINT"[BLACK]":RETURN
570 IF C%(C)<40 THEN S=3:RETURN 760 IF CA<14 THEN 800
580 S=4:RETURN 770 IF CA<27 THEN CA=CA-13:GOTO 800
590 D=1100 780 IF CA<40 THEN CA=CA-26:GOTO 800
600 FOR DE=1 TO D:NEXT DE:RETURN 790 CA=CA-39
610 SP$="n:VT$="[H0ME,D0WN3]":BR$=" 800 IF CA=1 THEN CA=14
:BLS="" 810 RETURN
620 IF CD=2 THEN SP$="[RIGHT7]" 820 IF N=l AND M(N)<=5 THEN PRINT"
630 IF CD=3 THEN VTS=VT$+"[D0WN8]" [CLEAR,RVS,PURPLE]SORR¥,
:SP$="[RIGHT4]":HRS="ICMDR G]" YOU'RE OUT!":GOTO 1010
;BL$="[LEFT,CMDR M]" 830 IF N=l THEN RETURN
640 S$=MID$("[SHFT S,SHFT Z,SHFT A, 840 J=0:FOR H=l TO N
SHFT X]",S,1):SUS="[PURPLE]" 850 IF M(H)>5 THEN J=J+1:W1=H
:IF S>2 THEN SU$ = "[BLACK]" 8G0 NEXT
650 N15=STR$(CA):L=LEN(N1$) 870 IF J>1 THEN RETURN
660 IF L=2 THEN N$=RIGHT$(Nl$,1)+ " 880 POKE 36879, 2S>2s PRINT" [CLEAR, BLACK]
670 IF CA=10 THEN NS="10":N1$=N$ ";N$(W1);"[HVOFF] IS THE"
680 IF CA=11 THEN N$ = "J :N1$=" J" :PHINT"[DOWN]WINNER WITH $";
690 IF CA=12 THEN NS="Q :N1S=" Q" 890 R=l:KT=W1:GOSUB 900:PRINT M$
700 IF CA=13 THEN N$="K :N1$=" K" :GOTO 1010
710 IF CA=14 THEN N$ = $IA :N1$=" A" 900 M=M(KT):M1=M~INT(M)
720 IF CD=3 THEN PRINT"[HOME,DOWN10, :M$=STRS(Ml)+ "00":M$=STRS{INT(M) )
RIGHT4,BLACK,CMDR @,RIGHT2, +"."+MID$(MS,2,2)
CNDR @2]" 910 IF R=l THEN RETURN
730 PRINT VT$;SP$;SU$;BL$;N$; [SPACE2] 920 P1=P-INT{P):P$=STR$(Pl)+"00"
";S$;BR$:BL$="" :P$=yTRS(IWT(P))+"."+MID$(P$,2,2 )
740 FOR X=l TO 3:PRINT SP$;"[SPACE5]" 9 30 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN3]"KS"[RED]
:NEXT:PRINT SPS;"[SPACE2]";S$;" VOU HAVE":PRINT K5"[SPACES]"
[SPACE2]" :PRINT KS"[UP]S"MS
750 FOR X=l TO 3:PRINT SPS;"[SPACES]" 943 PRINT KS"[DOWN]POT:[EPACE4]"
:NEXT:PRINT SPS;S$;"[SPACE2]";N1$ :PRINT KS"[SPACES]" C
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to: HOLLAND. Ml 1M23 ^_
ADD $1.25 for shipping and handling U.S.and Canada [616} 396-7577 -^-
MASTER SOFTWARE
$3.50 foreign
6HILLERYC0URT
MARYLAND RESIDENTS ADD 5% SALES TAX
RANDALLSTOWN, MD 21133 Circle Reader Service No. 31
POWKKI'LAY 95
cnniE PROCRnms 320 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN2]":FOR
:PRINT"[RVS,GRE£N,SPACE12]"
Z=l TO 9
:NEXT'GGAF
:PRINT K$"[UP]$"P$"[RVS,WHITE]" 330 GOSUB 960:IF P>3 THEN 380'EJYE
:RETURN 340 IF N=l THEN P=5'EEDE
950 POKE 3C879,93:PRINT"[CLEAR]"; 350 PRINT ES;"[HOME,BLACK]
:FOR Z=l TO 23:PRINT"IRVS,GREEN, POT'S EMPTY!":PRINT"[HOME,DOWN]
SPACE21]":NEXT Z EVERYBODY ANTE UP!":GOSUB 720
960 FOR Z=SC+21 TO SC+505 STEP 22 :PRINT ES1ELBP
:POKE Z,160:POKE 2+OF,5:NEXT Z 360 FOR X=l TO N:IF M(X)>=5 THEN P=P+5
970 FOR Z=SC+4S3 TO SC+505:POKE 2,16B :M(X)=M(X)-5'LWTP
:POKE Z+OF,5:NEXT Z 370 NEXT'BAEE
980 POKE 36879,29:RETURN 380 KT=KT+1:IF KT>N THEN KT=1'GMLM
990 IF N=l THEN RETURN 390 IF M(KT)<=0 THEN 380'EJIK
1000 PRINT i£$: PRINT" [HOME, RVS, BLACK] 400 IF N=l THEN 430'DFYA
YOU'RE OUT OF IT," 410 PRINT E$:PRINT"[HOME,RVS,BLUE]";
:PRINT"[RVS]"N$(KT):GOSUB 590 NS (KT) ; '" S TURN" 'CLRE
:RETURN 420 GOSUB 1040:D=500:GOSUB 740'DNUE
1010 D=45!ifl:GOSUB 5913: INPUT" [DOWN2] 430 M(KT}=M(KT)-5:P=P+5'EPSH
PLAY AGAIN[SPACE3]Y[LEFT3]";A$ 440 IF CL<6 THEN PRINT E$"[HOME]"
:GOSUB 630'FJFH
1020 IP A$»"Y"THEN RUM
450 GOSUB 1040'BEGE
1030 PRINT"[CLEAR]":END
460 GOSUB 670:C1=C%(C):C%(C)=0:CD=1
Commodore 64 Version :CA=C1 :GOS(JB 900:C1=CA
:GOSUB 750'IPER
100 GX=53272:UC=21:LC=23:SC=1024 470 GOSUB 670:C2=C%(C) :C%(C)=0:CD=2
:C0=55296::OF=CO-SC'HPWJ :CA=C2:GOSUB 900:C2=CA
110 :GOSUB 75U1IPIS
120 REM POKE ML "QUIET" ROUTINE'BNKD 480 IF ASS(C1-C2)>1 THEN 510'FKSL
130 FOR X=50000 TO 50018'DLIC 49H PRINT"[DOWN,RVSJTOUGH LUCK!"
140 READ A:POKE X,A:NEXT'DGAC :GOSUB 1180:GOSUB 720
150 DATA 169,0,133,253,169,212,133, :PRINT"[UP,RVS,GREEN,SPACE11]
254'BEFG "'EKLQ
160 DATA 160,0,152,145,253,200,192, 500 PRINT E$:GOTQ 610'CGQB
24'BDVG 510 PRINT ES:INPUT"[HOME,DOWN,RVS,
170 DATA 208,249,96'BKFE GREEN]YOUR BET[SPACE3]0[LEFT3]";
180 PRINT"[CLEAR,SPACE3,RVS,BLACK] B$'CGNH
IN BETWEEN":POKE GX,UC'CGUK 520 L=LEN(B5):BS=RIGHT$(B$,L-10)
190 POKE BC,7:POKE BO,2:DIM C%(52) :B=VAL(B$)'HWTK
:K$="[RIGHT13]"'ETRL 530 IF B<=0 THEN 300'EFFF
20 0 PA$="[RVS,GREEN,SPACE39]"' BDSC 540 IF B>M{KT)OH B>P THEN PRINT"[HOME,
210 E$="[HOME]"+PA$+PA$+PA$'ELYC DOWN,RVS,RED]TOO MUCH1[RVS,GREEN,
22fl INPUT"[DOWN,SPACE3] SPACES]":GOSUB 1180:GOSUB 720'IRYP
HOW MANY PLAYERS[SPACE2]l[LEfc'T3]"; 545 IF B>M(KT)OR B>P GOTO 51fl't'LEN
N'BCQG 550 M(KT)=M{KT}~B:P=P+B'EPTK
230 IF N = 0 THEN 220'DFUB 560 GOSUB 670:C3=C%(C):C%(C)=0:CD=3
240 IF N=l THEN M(1)=100:GOTO 260'FNHF :CA=C3:GOSUB 900:C3=CA
250 FOR X=l TO tf:INPUT"I DOWN,SPACE3] :GOSUB 750'IPMS
NAME OF PLAYER | ";N$ (X) :M(X)=100 570 CW=C1:CH=C2;IF C1>C2 THEN CW=C2
:NEXT'GTRN :CH=C1'HXSQ
260 PRINT"[CLEAR,DOWN,SPACE3] 580 IF C3OCW OR C3>=CH THEN PRINT E$
EACH PLAYER BEGINS WITH :PRINT"(HOME,RVS,BLACK]YOU LOSE!"
$108.00"'BACL :GOSUB 1260:GOTO 600'LUQV
270 PRINT"[DOWN,SPACE3] 590 PRINT E$:PRINT"[HOME,RVS,PURPLE]
THE ANTE PER DEAL IS $5.00"'BAVK A WINNER1";GOSUB 1360
280 PRINT"[DOWN,SPACE3] :M(KT)=M(KT)+2"B:P=P-2*B'JBLX
ACES ARE ALWAYS HIGH"'BAUK 60(1 GOSUB 1040:GOSUB 720'CICC
290 PRINT"[DOWN,SPACE3]NO DOUBLES 610 IF M(KT}<=5 THEN GOSUB 1130'FKPG
[DOWN]":GOSUB 630:GOSUB 1090 620 PRINT E$:GOTO 300'CGME
:KT=0' EN EN 6 30 PRINT"[RIGHT3,RVS,RED]SHUFFLING
300 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN2]":FOR Z=l TO 9 [BLACK]":FOR X=l TO 52:C%{X)=0
:PRINT"[RVS,GREEN,SPACE12]" :NEXT:FOR X=l TO 52'JSWQ
:NEXT'GGAD 640 Y=INT(RND(1)*S2)+1'FJJJ
310 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN11]":FOR Z=l TO 9 65(1 IP Ci(Y)=0 THEN C% (Y) =X: NEXT: CL=52
:PRINT"[RVS,GREEN,RIGHT,SPACE12]" :PRINT E$:RETURN"IWCO
:NEXT'GGNF 660 GOTO 640'BDJH
96 Kl-H 1(1 IAKV/MARCH 'H5

670 C=INT(RND(1)*52)+l:IF
THEN 670'ITNQ
C%(C)=0
GnmE PROCRnms
680 CL=CL-1:IF C%{C)<14 THEN S=l
:RETURN'HQQQ +"."+MIDS{M$,2,2)'NLYO
690 IF C%(C)<27 THEN S=2:RETURN'FKWO 1050 IF R=l THEN RETURN'ECTA
700 IF C%(C)<40 THEN S-3:RETURN'FKSG 1060 P1=P-INT(P):P$=STRS(Pl)+"00"
710 S=4:RETURN'CDBE :PS=STRS(INT(P))+"."+MIDS(PS , 2,
720 D=800'BEQE 2 )'MEFO
730 REM DELAY SUBROUTINE'BPOJ 1070 PRINT"[HOME,DOWN3]"KS"[RED]
740 FOR DE=1 TO D:NEXT DE:RETURN'FIAJ YOU HAVE":PRINT KS" [SPACES]"
750 SPS="":VT$="tHOME,DOWN3]":BR$=n" :PRINT K$"[UP]S"M$'DKSI
:BL$=""'EPLM 1080 PRINT K$"[DOWN]POT:[SPACE4]"
760 IF CD=2 THEN SP$="[RIGHT7]"'EGYL :PRINT K$"[SPACES]"
770 IF CD=3 THEN VT$=VT$+"[DOWN6]" :PRINT KS"[UP]$"PS"[RVS,WHITE)"
:SPS="[RIGHT4]":BR$="[CMDR G]" :RETURN1ELMJ
:BLS="[LEFT,CMDR M]"'IVFV 1090 POKE BC,5:POKE BO,b
780 S$=MIDS("[SHFT S,SHFT Z,SHFT Ar :PRINT"[CLEAR]";:FOR Z=l TO 23
SHFT X]",S,1):SU$=n[PURPLE]" :PRINT PAS:NEXT Z'lWDM
:IF S>2 THEN SU$="[BLACK]"'HSLW 1100 FOR Z=SC+39 TO SC+999 STEP 40
790 N1$=STR$(CAJ:L=LEN(N1$)'EOUP :POKE Z,160:POKE Z+OF,5
800 IF L=2 THEN N$=RIGHT$(N1S, :NEXT Z'KBNG
1)+" "'GLFI 1110 FOR Z=SC+859 TO SC+999:POKE 2,160
810 IF CA=10 THEN N$="10":N1S=N$'FMFJ :POKE Z+OF,5:NEXT Z'JAIG
820 IF CA=11 THEN NS="J " 1120 POKE BO,5:POKE BC,1:RETURN'DKEA
:Nl$=n J"'FKHK 1130 IF N=l THEN RETUHN'ECPY
330 IF CA=12 THEN NS="Q " 1140 PRINT E$:PRINT"[HOME,RVS,BLACK]
:N1$=" Qn'FKWL YOU'RE OUT OF IT,"
840 IF CA=13 THEN N$ = "K " :PRINT"[RVS]"NS(KT):GOSUB 720
:N1$=" K"'FKLM :RETURN"FPUJ
850 IF CA=14 THEN NS="A " 1150 D=4500:GOSUB 720:INPUT"[DOWN2]
:N1S=" A-'FKRN PLAY AGAIN[SPACE3]Y[LEFT3]";
860 IF CD=3 THEN PRINT"[HOME,DOWNS, AS'DNRI
RIGHT4,BLACK,CMDR @,RIGHT2, 1160 IF A$="Y"THEN RUN'ECTD
CMDR @2]"'EDAP 1170 PRINT"[CLEAR]":END'CBFC
870 PRINT VT$;SP$;SU$;BL$;N$;"[SPACE2] 1180 REM HONK!'BFXD
";S$;BR$:BL$=n"'CFYR 1190 SYS 500OO:REM CALL SILENCE
880 FOR X=l TO 2:PRINT SPS;"[SPACES]" ROUTINE'CYKK
:NEXT:PRINT SP$;"[SPACE2]";S$;" 1200 POKE 54295,15:POKE 54277,64'CRMY
[SPACE2]"'GSFT 1210 POKE 54278,128:POKE 54273,11'CSDA
890 FOR X=l TO 2:PRINT SPS;H[SPACE5]" 1220 POKE 54272,210:POKE 54276,17'CSXB
:NEXT:PRINT SPS;S5;M[SPACE2]";N1$ 1230 D=250:GOSUB 740'CINA
:PRINT"[BLACK]":RETURN'IXWW 1240 POKE 54276,16'BIYB
900 IF CA<14 THEN 940'DHGG 1250 SYS 50300:RETURN'CGPC
910 IF CA<27 THEN CA=CA-13 12G0 REM DOWNSOUND'BJEE
:GOTO 940'GOAK 1270 SYS 5000»'BFVD
920 IF CA<40 THEN CA=CA-26 1280 POKE SD+24,15:POKE SD+5,192'EPWI
:GOTO 940'GOYL 1290 POKE SD+6,250'CHIG
930 CA=CA-39'CGII 1300 FOR XX=240 TO 20 STEP-5'FIIB
940 IF CA=1 THEN CA=14'EHBL 1310 POKE SD+1,XX'CGDY
950 RETURN"BAQI 1320 POKE SD+4,17'CGJA
960 IF N=l AND M(N)<=5 THEN PRINT" 1330 NEXT'BAEY
[CLEAR,RVS,PURPLE]SORRY! YOU'RE 134 0- SYS 50000'BFVB
OUTl":GOTO 1150'IMXW 1350 RETURN'BAQB
970 IF N=l THEN RETURN'ECPH 1360 REM WINSOUND'BIGF
980 J=0:FOR H=l TO N'EGEP 1370 SYS 50000'BFVE
990 IF M(H)>5 THEN J=J+1:W1=H'GMSS 1380 POKE SD+24,15:POKE SD+5,192'EPWJ
1000 NEXT'BAES 1390 POKE SD+6,250'CHIH
1010 IF J>1 THEN RETURN'ECKV 1400 FOR XX=1 TO 10'DFZA
1020 POKE BO,8:POKE BC,4 1410 POKE SD+1,100'CHWA
: PRINT" [CLEAR, BLACK] H;N$(W1) ; •■ 14 20 POKE SD+4,17'CGJB
[HVOFF] IS THE":PRINT"[DOWN] 1430 D=30:GOSUB 74(1'CHLC
WINNER WITH $";'EULI 1440 POKE SD+1,150'CHCD
1030 R=1:KT=W1:GOSUB 1040:PRINT MS 1450 POKE SD+4,17'CGJE
:GOTO 1150'FULD 1460 NEXT'BAED
1040 M=M(KT):M1=M-INT(M) 1470 SYS 50000'BFVF
:M$=STRS(Ml)+"00":M$=STR$(INT(M)) 1480 RETURN'BAOF
I'OWEKPUY 97
KIDSCOROER BY BETSY ISYUNK
Hug a Robot
Today Hero Jr. is never really
turned off, and he will $40 range. And such games! Jr. is
M. met Hero Jr. at the 1984 Summer completely interactive with humans:
Consumer Electronics Show, and it travel around singing he speaks and you answer him by
was love at, first .sight (I think he liked
songs or trying to find
clapping your hands in a prearranged
me a little bit, too}. One might say code. I played a version of the game
that a great deal of Jr.'s personality
was formed at the International Per
someone to play a "Animal" with him. I thought of an
animal, and he tried to guess it by
sonal Robotics Conference (1PRC),
game with him, explor asking questions such as, "Does it
even though he didn't attend. The have a tail?" When I stumped him, he
Heath Company's design team re ing with his built-in said, "I give up! You're too smart for
sponsible for Jr.'s creation attended me!" Or another time, in an unbeliev
seminars and listened to literally hun sonar and seeking able accent, "I lost to a huu-man!"
dreds of robot lovers describe their Simple games that are old hat on per
"dream robot"—then went home to out humans where sonal computers take on new life with
Benton Harbor. Michigan, and built a
robot that comes very close to fulfill
humans are likely to the added dimensions of speech and
interaction with an adversary as in
ing those dreams.
The consensus of show attendees
be found. teresting as Hero Jr.
Hero Jr. is designed to be a mem
and robot experts at the IRPC seemed ber of the family. He does have a
to be that a truly useful personal robot tional human traits, such as ill-humor sleep mode designed to conserve
would combine the qualities of a com or a liking for expensive food, but in power and allow recharging. His
panion, pet, personal secretary and stead consist of specific abilities Jr. rechargeable 12-volt gel batteries last
security device, and that the neces loves to show off: singing, speaking, eight to 12 hours between charges,
sary technology is here, now, just exploring and playing. and he will vocally let you know when
waiting for someone to put it all to Hero Jr. is never really turned off, he needs recharging. If lie does not
gether. Wayne Wilson, Product Line you see, and he will travel around get a needed charging, he will shut
Manager for General Consumer Prod singing songs or trying to find some down to conserve power, and in an
ucts at Heath, and the rest of the Hero one to play a game with him, explor energy crisis, will enter a "hiberna
Jr. team have done just that—put ing his environment with built-in tion" state in which his 100-year
hardware technology together with sonar, and seeking out humans or clock can survive for many years. At
software technology, and created an areas where humans are likely to be night, Jr. will guard your house as
affordable (less than $1,000) home found. Each robot has a certain mix of well as any nightman or German
and family robot. attributes set at the factory, but his shepherd, greeting intruders with a
Hero Jr. looks a lot like his Heath owner has the option of changing the request for a password-code of hand
predecessor, Hero 1. He has the same level or frequency of their perfor claps that his owner sets or changes
economical silver body (though a bit mance with the keypad on top of Jr.'s at will. If he fails to receive the code,
smaller), and top-mounted keyboard. head (i.e., you might want to set him he exclaims, "You ARE an In-TRU-
But he doesn't have an arm. Now be to be seen and not heard, or to speak der! 1 am calling the po-LICE!" Which
fore you jump out of your chair shout only when spoken to, like a good little he then does, provided he's equipped
ing. "What kind of robot doesn't have robot). with an optional link to your Heath-
an arm1" let me tell you about all the His keypad, rather than being an built security system.
features he does have. I can practi entry device for machine language After hearing him demonstrate his
cally guarantee that you will not even programming (as Hero l's is}, con "In-TRU-der" routine. 1 would ven
notice the lack of grasping appen sists of commands that allow the ture to say that any burglar would be
dages, particularly if you consider most inexperienced user to communi long gone within minutes of this sur
that safe personal robot grippers can cate with him. If a would-bo robot prising exchange of words with the
only lift about 16 ounces and must be aficionado is in doubt as to what a little robotic protector. When his stint
positioned and "trained" with a spe particular key does, he or she need at guard duty is over for the night, Jr.
cial device to execute most simple only press that key along with the will appear at your bedside (if re
movements. help key, for a complete verbal de quested} and cheerfully wake you,
Far more important to my way of scription from Jr. himself. informing you of the time, and re
thinking is Jr.'s winning personality, Jr. also boasts a built-in cartridge minding you of special days, such as
consisting of 32K of ROM, generating port that invites his owner to add birthdays and anniversaries.
six different attributes or personality both cartridge games and the Hero Jr. Children will delight in Jr.'s snappy
traits. These traits don't include tradi- BASIC cartridge, options in the $20 to phrases and comical songs, including
98 FKIiEUIAKV/MAKOI'H5
KIDSCORHER
Robot Manufacturers
Topo, B.O.B. and Fred:
HERO with five-axis arm and And robot Inc.
SS-232 interface 101 E. Daggett Drive
(Heath/Zenith Co.)
San Jose, CA 95124
(408) BOB-TOPO
RB Robot:
RB Robot Corporation
RB Robot 18301 W. Tenth Avenue
with arm and Suite 310
RS-232 (TINY BASIC)
Golden. CO 80401
z
o (303) 279-5525
—}
z Hero and Hero Jr.:

o
Q Heath/Zenith (Heath Co.)
Hilltop Road
St. Joseph, MI 49085
(616) 982-3206
Hubot:
Hubotics
HERO JR. from Heath/Zenith 6352-D Corte Del Abeto
and RS-232 connection Carlsbad. CA 92008
(619)438-9028
Marvin Mark I:
Iowa Precision Robotics, Ltd.
908 Tenth Street
Milford, Iowa 51351
(712) 388-2047
Robot I:
Analog Micro Systems
5660 Valmont Road
Boulder. CO 80301
(303) 444-6809
Move-It Robot Kits:
Talking TOPO with infrared A Hobby Robot with interface New Tech Promotions
interface and base connector from Spectroa Corporation
2265 Westwood Blvd.
Suite 248
"All Good Robots Sing This Song" (to manual, they will find a surprise
Los Angeles, CA 90024
the tune of "Camptown Races") and meant just for them (I .won't give
(213) 470-8383
"Old MacDonald Had a Robot." No away the surprise). According to
Heath spokespeople, many new edu Hobby Robots for VIC 20 and 64:
one could fail to be moved by the little
robot's plight, when, as he explores cational games on cartridge are in the Spectron Instrument Corporation
his environment and finds he has run works for Jr. 1342 W. Cedar Avenue
himself into a spot too tight to get out I could go on and on about my new Denver, CO 80223
of. shouts. "Help, HELPt", little friend—I listened to Wayne Wil {303} 744-7088
If he bumps into something (a son recite Jr.'s features for more than Robot Newsletters and
sonar-equipped robot has been two hours without repeating him Magazines
likened to a blind man trying to ex self—but this is supposed to be a
Robotics Age
plore with a nerf bat), Jr. will some short description. Hero Jr. costs just
Stiand Building
times politely say, "Excuse me," but under $1,000 assembled. Adding 174 Concord Street
more often he is apt to exclaim, "Out infrared sensors and a remote control Peterborough, NH 03458
of my way, turkey1" If Jr. is left alone, device costs $250 more. He may (603) 924-7136
he will apply all his sensors to the task someday be marketed as a kit, at a
Robotics Tomorrow
of seeking out human companion lower price. Heath plans to retail him
200 California Avenue
ship, and upon finding what he thinks through department stores as well as
Suite 215
is a person, he inquires, "Are you my computer specialty stores. Contact
Palo Alto. CA 94306
HUU-MAN?" the company for more information.
(415) 326-6095
In Hero Jr., children will find a will With his Hero Jr. BASIC cartridge, he
Personal Robotics News
ing companion and playmate, never is fully (and easily) programmable
P.O. Box 10058
too busy to sing a song with them or with any personal computer equipped
Berkeley, CA 94709
play a game, and in the back of his with an RS232. C
(415)524-7115
POWERPLAY 99
[OmPUTER TUTOR BY JANE G. REH
Hands-On, Your computer printed the
Beginning character string in your PRINT

command as soon as you pressed the
In the program RETURN key- The computer has not
Programmers! mode, you give the done anything at all with the
character string of your PRINT
computer one or statement! The PRINT statement is

stored in your computer's memory.
J& he following is a chapter ex
cerpted from the Hands-On BASIC more instructions, You can't sec it, but I can prove it!
Clear your screen. Now your PRINT
Workbook For Kids Using The Com
modore 64 by Jane G. Reh. published pressing the command is gone forever. But we can
get your PRINT statement back
by Brady Communications Company.
Inc. The book guides the beginner
RETURN key after because it is stored in computer
each one and the

memory.
from the first step of computer us
First, you will learn two more
age—learning the Commodore 64
keyboard—th rough the step-by-step computer stores each commands: LIST and RUN.
LIST asks the computer to show
process of learning and using BASIC
programming. Before this chapter be of them in its you the program it has in memory.
TYPE LIST
gins, the reader has experienced a
guided hands-on keyboard tour and memory. PRESS the RETURN key.
There it is on your screen-—your
has learned to use character string,
one-statement program' See, it really
math and combined PRINT com
command and the PRINT command was stored in your computer's
mands. This article does not contain
becomes a PRINT statement. The memory.
the book illustrations or the chapter-
statement number is assigned by Your program {whether one or
end programming activities.
you, the programmer. It can be any many statements long) will never be
HANDS-ON in this article, as in the
number between zero and 63999. executed (RUN) unless you ask the
book, are keyboard instructions
(Remember, we never use commas in computer to RUN it. RUN tells the
printed in capital letters. Do all of the
numbers given to the computer.) computer to execute each statement
hands-on work on your Commodore 64.
Statements are easy to understand of the program that is in computer
Beginning Programming through a HANDS-ON example. First, memory.
Our journey into the land of we will do a PRINT command just as TYPE RUN
computers is going very quickly. you have already done. Then we will PRESS the RETURN key.
You have arrived at "Beginning change this command to a PRINT Now the computer printed your
Programming" already! statement. You should use your own one-line program—the character
name—in the command and in the string of your PRINT statement My
Congratulations! statement below—in place of BILL screen looks like this:
In the last three chapters, we have REH. {Remember. If you make an LIST
been using PRINT commands error, just retype the line, including 10 PRINT "MY NAME IS BILL
Commands are performed by the the statement number and press the REH."
computer in the Immediate Mode. RETURN key.) Clear your screen. READY.
This means that each command is TYPE PRINT "MY NAME IS BILL RUN
performed by the computer REH-1' MY NAME IS BILL REH.
immediately after you press the PRESS the RETURN key. READY.
RETURN key. In this chapter, you will TYPE 10 PRINT "MY NAME IS
begin to use the Program Mode. You BILL REH." You may be wondering why we
will give the computer one or more PRESS the RETURN key. would want to use a PRINT statement
instructions, pressing the RETURN In all of the screen illustrations in instead of a PRINT command, when
key after each one and the computer this chapter, your screen statements it's more work and we get the same
will store each of them in its memory. will differ from mine—because you thing. That's a good and fair
In the program mode, these are using your character strings question. The answer is that a
instructions are called statements. instead of mine. My screen looks like programmer would use the command
One or more statements become a this: to simply print one character string,
computer program. PRINT "MY NAME IS BILL REH." not a program statement. Programs
A PRINT command becomes a MY NAME IS BILL REH. are rarely just one statement—they
PRINT statement when it is preceded READY are many statements. A computer
by a statement number. This is very 10 PRINT "MY NAME IS BILL program is a list of things that the
easy to do. You type a statement REH." computer should do. Some programs
number followed by a PRINT are thousands of statements long!
100 KWiKUARV/MAKCH'HIi
COIHPUTER TUTOR
The computer software that you have each statement in statement number
already bought or will buy, is nothing order—from the lowest number to the
more than computer programs Each highest number. You must be careful
one is written to perform a certain
task. It can be a game program to
The computer to number your statements—in the
order that you want the computer to
amuse you or an educational program
to teach you. A program can be on a
executes each perform them.
When you hold down the SHIFT
cartridge, disk, tape, or typed in on statement in key and press the CLR/HOME key,
the keyboard. after typing the beginning quote, it
We will be adding to this one-line statement number will print a special symbol—a heart
program throughout this chapter. So, inside a square. You will then type
it is important that you leave your order, from the another quote following the symbol.
computer on until the chapter is
finished. When the computer is
lowest number to the In the HANDS-ON work, you will not
type the letters "CLR/HOME." You
turned off, everything is erased from
computer memory! If your computer
highest number. will hold down the SHIFT key and
press the CLR/HOME key whenever
is turned off, your program will be you see SHIFT—CLR/HOME in a
gone and you will have to type in program statement
each statement again to continue the Sure enough, everything is there! TYPE 5 PRINT "SHIFT—
chapter. Now let's add two more program CLR/HOME"
Now lets make your first computer statements, numbers 30 and 40, to Be sure that you typed a quote be/ore
program more real by adding to it. We the program. Use your school's name and after pressing SHIFT and
will use statement numbers that and your grade in the statements CLR/HOME.
increase by ten for each additional below. PRESS the RETURN key.
statement, This will leave you nine TYPE 30 PRINT "I ATTEND RUN your program
free statement numbers in case you COMPUTER My screen looks like this:
want to add statements at a later ELEMENTARY SCHOOL." MY NAME IS BILL REH.
time. (This will become clearer later PRESS the RETURN key. I LIVE AT 1 MAIN
in this chapter) Our second PRINT TYPE 40 PRINT "I AM IN THE STREET, COMPUTERLAND, P
statement, number 20, will be your FIFTH GRADE." A.
address—replacing my fictitious one. PRESS the RETURN key. I ATTEND COMPUTER
TYPE 20 PRINT "I LIVE AT 1 Clear your screen and LIST your ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.
MAIN STREET, program. You will see that the I AM IN THE FIFTH GRADE,
COMPUTERLAND, PA." computer has added statements 30 READY,
PRESS the RETURN key. and 40 to your program. Now RUN
TYPE RUN your program. All four statement Now we have added a statement to
PRESS the RETURN key. lines—10, 20. 30, and 40—were the beginning of the program, as well
Now you see both lines of your executed. (If you forgot how to use as adding statements to the end of
program printed—your name on the either of the commands LIST or RUN, our program! Do you know why I
first line and your address on the look back in this chapter.) didn't use the number zero as the
second line. The whole program was Let's make our program look really statement number of our first PRINT
RUN. My screen looks like this: good on the screen! Wouldn't it be statement? If we had, we would not
LIST nice to be able to RUN our program on have been able to put the clear screen
10 PRINT "MY NAME IS BILL an empty screen? We can clear the statement first, since we can't use a
REH.1P screen and then type RUN, but we'll statement number lower than zero.
READY. still have the command word RUN on We can also replace a statement
RUN the screen with the program. Let's try line in a program. For example, if we
MY NAME IS BILL REH. it and see. decided that we didn't want
READY. PRESS the SHIFT and CLR/HOME statement 40 to print our grade in
20 PRINT''I LIVE AT keys. school, we could change it to
1 MAIN STREET, COMPU TYPE RUN something else, by replacing it with
TERLAND, PA." PRESS the RETURN key. another statement numbered 40.
RUN Sure enough, the command word That's why we can't use the same
MY NAME IS BILL REH. RUN is on the top of the screen. Let's statement number more than once!
I LIVE AT 1 MAIN STREET, use a better way to clear the screen The new statement simply replaces
COMPUTERLAND, P for our program. We can use the the old statement. Let's try one now.
A. CLR/HOME key in a PRINT statement Use your favorite school subject
READY. in our program! If we do that as our where I have SCIENCE.
first statement, the computer will TYPE 40 PRINT "MY FAVORITE
Now let's LIST our program clear the screen and send the cursor SUBJECT IS SCIENCE."
TYPE LIST home before it executes any other PRESS the RETURN key.
PRESS the RETURN key. statement. The computer executes RUN your program.
'uv ioi
COmPUTER TUTOR
You have replaced the print line
telling your grade in school with a
Programmers leave there! If you want to keep the
program in memory, SAVE it before
print line telling your favorite school unused numbers loading another program. (Read
subject. pages 18 through 22 of your User's
Next, we'll add a statement between their Guide.)
between two of our program If you would like to SAVE the
statements. LIST your program. I statements, in case program in memory, do it now!
want you to add a statement to print Before you can begin writing
your nickname between the
they need to add (called coding by programmers) and
running your own programs, you have
statement
(statement
that
number
prints
10)
your name
and the
more statement one more command to learn. Are you
statement that prints your address lines later. ready to learn a NEW command?
(statement number 20). We can use NEW tells the computer to erase
any number from 11 through 19. We'll remove a statement. You will be memory. Be careful when using NEW.
use the number in the middle, surprised at how easy this is to do. Once your program is gone, there is
number 15. Use your nickname in Maybe you would rather not have no remedy except to type it in all over
place of BILLY. your nickname in your program. So— again (unless you already saved it on
TYPE 15 PRINT "MY let's take it out. The statement that tape or disk). It is a good practice to
NICKNAME IS BILLY," prints your nickname is statement always use LIST before you use NEW,
PRESS the RETURN key. number 15. Clear your screen and to be sure that you want to erase the
RUN your program. LIST your program. program in computer memory.
Now LIST your program. TYPE 15 If you're ready to erase your
By using 15 as our statement PRESS the RETURN key. program from memory.
number, we still have four free Statement number 15 is gone! We TYPE NEW
numbers (11,12,13,14) between remove a statement from a computer PRESS the RETURN key.
statement number 10 and statement program by typing the statement Now try to LIST and RUN your
number 15. Likewise, we still have number and pressing the RETURN program. See—it's gone!
four free numbers between statement key. That's all! Remember, only one program can
number 15 and statement number LIST your program again. See— be in computer memory at one time.
20—16, 17, 18 and 19. So we can still statement number 15. your If you do not clear memory (use the
add statements either before nickname, is gone. Now RUN your NEW command or turn off the
statement 15 or after statement 15. If program. No more nickname! Of computer) and you enter another
we had used statement number 11, course, you can type statement program, you might have part of your
instead of statement number 15, we number 15 again to put it back in. old program as part of your new
would not be able to add another My screen looks like this: program!
statement between our name and our MY NAME IS BILL REH. Let's see how this could happen!
nickname. If we had used statement I LIVE AT 1 MAIN STREET, Pretend that we have just turned on
19, instead of statement number 15, COMPUTERLAND, P our computers. This means that
we would no longer be able to add a A. computer memory is clear (Actually,
statement between cur nickname and I ATTEND COMPUTER we just used the NEW command to
out address. This is why all good ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. clear memory ) Now well enter a
programmers leave unused numbers MY FAVORITE SUBJECT IS program. What exactly does enter a
between their statements. SCIENCE. program mean? Enter a program
We will add just one more READY. means to press the RETURN key after
statement line to our program—the typing each statement line. And
END statement. Now that you have begun remember that RUN the program
TYPE 50 END programming, you may want to SAVE means to type the command RUN and
PRESS the RETURN key. your programs on tape or disk. If you press the RETURN key. From now on
END means just what it says—THE already have a Commodore cassette I will assume that you know what
END, STOP! It tells the computer that recorder or disk drive, you will want both of these terms mean—enter the
this is the END of the program. The to do this. All you need is a blank program and RUN the program.
END statement is not required by cassette tape or blank disk. Before Enter the program:
your Commodore computer. trying to SAVE your first program, TYPE 10 PRINT "SHIFT—
However, in some programs it is read about it in the Commodore 64 CLR/HOME"
necessary. So we will use the END User's Guide that came with your 20 PRINT "LET'S
statement throughout this book. You computer. To later LOAD your PROGRAM"
will understand why it can be program back into computer memory, 30 PRINT "ON THE
important when you have learned also refer to your Commodore 64 COMMODORE 64"
more programming. User's Guide. Remember, when you 40 END
We have added many statement load a program into memory, it first BUN the program.
lines to our program. Now let's clears any program that was already We decide to add a statement to
102 Fl-mUiAKY/MAHCH 'H5

C0I11PUTER TUTOR
our program. Enter the following The moral of this lesson is:
statement When you sit down at 1. When you sit down at a com
TYPE 35 PRINT "BECAUSE IT'S
FUN" a computer, the first puter, the first
should do is type LIST, unless
thing you
LIST the program. (Type LIST and

press RETURN.) The program should
thing you should do is you have just turned the com
puter on. This way you'll
contain statements 10, 20, 35 and 40.
RUN the program.
type LIST, so you'll know if there is a program al
ready in computer memory.
We chat with friends for a few know if there is a Remember, someone else
minutes while we decide what our may have been using the
next program will be. (And we forget program already in computer before you sat
Co clear computer memory!) down.
Now for our next program. memory. 2. When you are finished using a
(Remember, TYPE means to type program (SAVEd it or don't
and enter each statement line.) memory from our first program (which want it), use the NEW
TYPE 10 PRINT "SHIFT— was never erased) command to clear computer
CLR/HOME" Statement numbers 50 and 60 of memory.
20 PRINT 42*4 our second program are also in If you always follow these rules, you
30 PRINT 66*3 computer memory. But we need to won't end up with a scrambled
50 PRINT 39*6 know why these statements weren't program—some of one program and
60 END executed (performed) in our program some of another program.
Note: I deliberately skipped from RUN. To help you to see why, we'll Clear computer memory (type NEW
statement number 30 to statement remove statement number 10 (the and press the RETURN key).
number 50, SHIFT-CLR/HOME statement) so that Clear the screen (hold down the
RUN the program. we will be able to LIST the program, SHIFT key and press the CLR/HOME
We know that something is wrong! RUN the program again and have key).
Our screen output is: both the program listing and the To help you to remember this
168 program output on the screen at the beginning programming, here is a
198 same time. short review.
BECAUSE IT'S FUN TYPE 10
READY. Now statement number 10 is erased Review
from computer memory. Three important things to
LIST the program and we'll figure Clear the screen (hold down the remember about statement numbers
out what happened. SHIFT key and press the CLR/HOME are:
Here's our first program: key). 1. A statement number tells the
10 PRINT "SHIFT—CLR/HOME" LIST the program. computer not to perform the
20 PRINT "LET'S PROGRAM" RUN the program. statement immediately, but to
30 PRINT "ON THE COMMODORE Both our program listing and our store it in memory when you
64" program output are on the screen. We press the RETURN key.
35 PRINT "BECAUSE IT'S FUN" can see from the program output that 2. The statement numbers estab
40 END the computer executed statements lish the order in which the state
20, 30 and 35. The computer also ments will be done. The lowest
Here's our second program: executed statement number 40— numbered statement is per
10 PRINT "SHIFT—CLR/HOME" END! The computer did exactly what formed first, then the next high
20 PRINT 42*4 we told it to do. It stopped after est numbered statement, until
30 PRINT 39*3 reading END. The computer cannot the last and highest numbered
50 PRINT 39*6 do statements 50 and 60 unless we statement is performed.
60 END remove statement number-40. 3. The END statement is always
Now we'll be detectives! Let's see We'll remove statement numbers the last statement performed.
what the computer did. 35 and 40 because they don't belong Our three new commands are:
Remember, we replace a program in this program. They're just left over LIST— asks the computer to show
statement by using the same from our first program. us (on the screen) the
statement number for another TYPE 35 program it has in its
statement. Statements 10, 20 and 30 40 memory.
of our second program replaced LIST the program. RUN— tells the computer to
statements 10, 20 and 30 of our first RUN the program. execute the program,
program! Now our second program runs statement by statement,
Since we do not have statement correctly. We are only missing that is in its memory.
numbers 35 or 40 in our second statement number 10, the NEW—■ tells the computer to erase
program, these statements were not CLR/HOME statement. You may re- the program that is in its
replaced. They remain in computer enter this statement if you wish memory. C
F'OWERPLAY 103
no moRE pehcils BY DAVID MALMHERC
Tiny FORTH in
LOGO
ff
Here is a small version of the both numbers on the stack by the
FORTH computer language written in
the LOGO language for the Commo
Using the LOGO answer, which is two.
The basic building block of the
dore 64. Normally, one high-level lan
guage is not written in another The
language available FORTH language is a word. A word is
a sequence of characters that causes
results, among other things, are for your Commodore a procedure to be executed. These
slower and less elegant than they characters need not be letters. For in
could be. There are two reasons to 64, you can create stance, in FORTH the " + " sign is a
explore a FORTH written in LOGO word that causes the top two num
here; (1) to learn about and to play and use yet another bers on the stack to be replaced by
with FORTH before investing in a their sum. Each version of FORTH
complete FORTH system and (2) to programming has its own built-in vocabulary of
see an example of how LOGO'S list
processing and artificial intelligence
language known as words. Each of these words will make
one specific thing happen. Entering
capabilities can be used for language
FORTH. the command VLIST (another word)
translation—in this case, translation will cause all of the words in your
from one computer language to an FORTH's vocabulary to be displayed.
other computer language. Table 1 gives the list of words that
reverse Polish notation, or RPN, the
are available in the version of FORTH
operations are written after their ar
implemented in the LOGO listing at
The Flavor of FORTH guments, not between them. For ex
the end of this article. The table also
The FORTH language was created ample, "5-3" would be expressed as
shows the.stack before and after each
in the i960's by Charles Moore and "5 3 -". No parentheses are used in
word is executed and gives a brief
was originally used for process-con RPN so "(A-B)/(C*D)" would be
description of what actions are
trol applications (such as controlling a specified by "A B - C D * /" in
caused by each word.
radio telescope) using large IBM com FORTH. This notation is also used by
puters. Today, FORTH is used for ev most Hewlett-Packard calculators.
ery type of application from complex Another unique feature of the lan
business systems to mind-boggling guage is its stack architecture. In Defining New Words
video games. Versions of FORTH are FORTH, all numerical values and pa Like LOGO, but unlike BASIC,
available for almost every computer. rameters aie communicated through FORTH is an extensible language.
FORTH has some significant ad the stack. For example, to divide two This means that the programmer can
vantages over BASIC. It is almost al numbers, both numbers must be on extend the vocabulary of the lan
ways a compiled language, so the stack—and the answer will ba re guage by creating new words, In
finished programs run ten to 200 turned to the stack. Most computer FORTH this is done through what is
times faster than a similar program languages use stacks, but FORTH is called a "colon" definition. For exam
written in BASIC. FORTH produces unusual in letting the programming ple, to define a new word that would
very compact code so it is possible to manipulate the stack so directly replace the number on the top of the
put a very complex program in only a The best way to visualize a stack of stack by its square, you would enter:
small amount of memory. The lan numbers is to think of a stack of ; SQUARE DUP ■ ;
guage is highly "portable"—meaning plates in your kitchen cupboard. You followed by a return. The colon at the
a FORTH program written for one add and remove plates one at a time beginning and the semicolon at the
computer can be run on many other only at the top of the plate stack. end set the boundaries of the new
computers with few (if any) changes. Similarly, in FORTH you add numbers word SQUARE. Once defined, when
These three features (speed, com to or remove numbers from the stack ever FORTH encounters the word
pactness and portability) make only from the top. This is called a SQUARE, it will perform the words
FORTH a favorite language for profes LIFO (last-in-first-out) stack. For ex between the name SQUARE in the
sional software developers who write ample, in FORTH the expression "5 3 definition and the ending semicolon.
packages that will be used on a wide " would first put the value of five on That is, it will perform (1) DUP which
variety of microcomputers. the top of the stack, then put three on duplicates another copy of the top
FORTH is a very unusual language. top of the five so the five is now the element of the stack, and (2) asterisk,
The _ biggest difference between it second number on the stack. When which multiplies the two top
and other languages is the use of re FORTH sees the minus sign, it sub elements together and replaces them
verse Polish notation to specify the tracts the top element of the stack with the answer. For example, if you
order of mathematical operations. In from the second element and replaces enter "5 SQUARE ." followed by a
104 KKHKUARY/MARCH 85
no moRE peiuils
RETURN, the computer will print 25. quote mark to be printed—in this
The period mark (pronounced "dot" case, the title "MULTIPLICATION
by FORTHers) is a FORTH word that FORTH has some TABLE."
causes the top value to be printed
then dropped from the stack.
significant advan Like BASIC,
IF...THEN structure.
FORTH has
However,
an
its
New word definitions may use
other new words. Thus, you could de
tages over BASIC. syntax is different. If you define:
: TEST-IF IF ." TRUE PART "
fine a new word to CUBE the value on Programs run ten to THEN ." COMMON PART " ;
the top of the stack as; followed by a RETURN, you can see
: CUBE DUP SQUARE * ; 200 times faster, very its syntax. When FORTH encounters
followed by a RETURN. Then entering the word IF, it tests the top of the
"5 CUBE ." followed by a RETURN complex programs fit stack as a "truth flag." If the flag is
will cause 125 to be printed.
into a small amount true (equal to one), all of the words
between IF and THEN are executed.
Some Control Words
In BASIC, the order in which state
ofmemory, and pro If the flag is false (equal to zero), con
trol jumps to the word following
ments are executed is determined by grams written for THEN. After the flag is tested, it is
FOR...NEXT, GOTO, ON x GOTO,, dropped so it is no longer on the top of
GOSUB, ON x GOSUB and IF...THEN one computer can be the stack. For example, entering "1
statements. These are called control TEST-IF" followed by a RETURN will
statements because they control the run on many other print "TRUE PART COMMON
flow of the program. FORTH's control PART," whereas entering "0 TEST-
words are both similar to and different computers with few IF" (RETURN) will print only "COM
from their BASIC counterparts
FORTH is a "structured" language so
First,
(ifany) changes. MON PART."
FORTH also has another form of the
it does not have a word that is equiv IF structure as illustrated by:
alent to a BASIC GOTO. A GOSUB is top of the stack by its factorial you ;TEST-IF-ELSE IF ." TRUE PART "
accomplished by simply naming the could define the following word: ELSE ." FALSE PART " THEN ,
word (subroutine) you wish to ex : FACTORIAL 1 SWAP 1 + 1 DO I * "COMMON PART";
ecute, such as the name SQUARE LOOP; Using this form if the truth flag is
within the definition of CUBE. A factorial of a number n is the prod false, the words between ELSE and
FORTH's looping structure is very uct of n, n-1, n-2 2, 1. For THEN are executed. For example, en
similar to BASIC'S use of FOR and example, 5 factorial is 5*4*3*2"1 or tering "0 TEST-IF-ELSE" (RETURN)
NEXT, only in FORTH the words are 120. Once FACTORIAL is defined-in will print "FALSE PART COMMON
DO and LOOP. For example, to print FORTH, entering "5 FACTORIAL ." PART."
the numbers from one to ten, you followed by a RETURN will cause 120 FORTH has a number of compari
could define the following word: to be printed. The only new word in son words that allow you to set the
: COUNT-TO-10 11 1 DO I. LOOP ; the above definition is SWAP which truth flag based on various condi
Then when you entered "COUNT- causes the first and second elements tions. A few examples. The " =" sets
TO-10" followed by a return, the word of the stack to be exchanged. the flag to true if the top two elements
would be executed and the numbers DO-LOOPs may be "nested" are equal, and to false otherwise. The
from one to ten printed. within FORTH. For example, by de ">" sets the flag to true if the second
When FORTH encounters the word fining the following three new words, element is greater than the top ele
DO, it sets up an index (just like you can print a multiplication table up ment, and to false otherwise. Con
BASIC) which starts with the top to ten times ten; versely, "<" sets the flag to true if the
number on the stack (one, in the : ROW CR 11 1 DO DUP I * . LOOP second element is less than the top
above example) and is incremented DROP ; (RETURN) element, and to false otherwise. The
by one each time through the loop : MORE-ROWS CR 11 1 DO I ROW "0" sets the flag to true if the number
until it is one less than the second LOOP ; (RETURN) on the top of the stack is zero. These
number on the stack. In the above : TABLE CR . " MULTIPLICATION and other comparison words always
example, this second number is 11 so TABLE " MORE-ROWS ; destroy (by dropping from the stack)
the loop will end after ten iterations. (RETURN) the numbers they test and replace
After all iterations have been com Notice that because MORE-ROWS those numbers with the flag. If you
pleted, control passes to whatever calls ROW, the two loops are nested, need a number after the test, be sure
word follows the word LOOP (if any) i.e., ROW'S DO-LOOP is contained to DUP it before performing the com
and the starting and ending limits of within MORE-ROWS' loop. parison.
the loop will have been dropped from The above example contains sev
the stack. The word "I" causes the eral new FORTH words. CR causes a Learning More About FORTH
current index to be put on the top of carriage return. DROP causes the top The above discussion and exam
the stack. value on the stack to be dropped. Pe ples are meant to give you a flavor of
A couple more examples of DO- riod-quote mark causes all of the FORTH and to whet your appetite for
LOOPs may be helpful. To replace the characters between it and the second more. It is by no means a comprehen-
'OWKKl'I.AY 105
no nioRE remns
sive description of the words or the The DEFINE.CODE routine handles
language syntax. To learn more about a colon definition of a new FORTH
FORTH and to have some fun explor In reverse Polish no word by creating a new LOGO list
ing its capabilities, load your LOGO with the proper name that contains
system and key in the LOGO program tation (RPN), the op the words within the definition. For
in the listing. Type "TINY.FORTH" to example, if you entered "; SQUARE
start the program. Your Commodore erations are written DUP * ;" the DEFINE.CODE routine
64 will be transformed into a FORTH
system. Try writing some simple
after their argu would
SQUARE
create a
that would
new list named
contain two
FORTH programs using the full range
of words available. (See Table 1.) A
ments, not between elements,
DEFINE.CODE
DUP
would
and
also
asterisk.
add the
specific program you may wish to try
is to develop a new word, POWER,
them. So "5-3" new word's name (i.e., SQUARE) to a
list of words that have been defined
which will replace the top two values would be expressed called DEFINITIONS. Thereafter,
on the stack by a value that is the whenever the program encounters a
second number raised to the integer "53-". word that is not part of its standard
power of the top number. Hint: use FORTH vocabulary, it will check if
the word OVER and a structure simi ond objective: seeing how LOGO'S that name is an element of the DEFI
lar to FACTORIAL. list-processing and artificial-intelli NITIONS list. If it is, the program will
The version of FORTH imple gence capabilities can be used to know that the word (SQUARE) is a
mented by the LOGO listing has most translate one computer language into newly defined word and it will ex
of the functions found in a complete another. First, the FORTH stack is ecute the FORTH words contained in
FORTH. It has variables, all of the simulated using a LOGO list named, the list with that word's name (i.e.,
standard control words, the ability to aptly, STACK. The PUSH :NUMBER DUP and asterisk).
add new words to the language, and routine will place its input on top of The DEFINE.VAR procedure cre
the ability to "nest" control words (as the stack (actually the end of the list) ates new FORTH variables in a simi
long as they are in different colon and the POP routine will output and lar fashion to DEFINE.CODE'S
definitions). It even has full floating drop the top (actually last) element. creation of new FORTH words. For
point calculations instead of the inte Standard FORTH uses another example, if you entered "3 VARI
ger arithmetic of standard FORTH. stack called the "return stack" to ABLE JEFF," DEFINE.VAR would
Unfortunately, the LOGO version keep track of DO-LOOP indices and create a new variable named JEFF
does not have FORTH's typical the level of nesting. In the LOGO ver with an initial value of three. Later in
speed. However, it is fast enough to sion, another list named INDEX is your FORTH program, you could
be an effective and fun learning tool. used for the same purpose. Whenever "fetch" the current value of JEFF and
A few words of advice on keying in the program encounters the word DO, put it on the top of the stack by using
the LOGO listing are in order. This is it adds the top two values on the the FORTH command "JEFF@" or
a rather large program by normal stack to the end of the INDEX list. assign (called "store" by FORTHers)
LOGO standards. To conserve mem This is done in the LOGO procedure the current top of the stack to JEFF by
ory, save a copy of the program on the command "JEFF I". Both the
disk before you start trying out the fetch and store activities are handled
program. Then, as you make your cor Like LOGO, FORTH in the LOGO procedure
rections of typos, etc., make your VAR. PROCESS
changes to the version on the disk is an extensible lan When you run TINY.FORTH, you
and then resave the new corrected guage. That means will get a brief title section and the
version before further testing. Follow prompt symbol made up of two
ing this procedure will ensure your the programmer can greater-than signs. At this point, you
final copy will use the least memory are in the input procedure and the
possible and will allow you to write
extend the vocabu program is awaiting your entry of
quite large FORTH programs. lary of the language. FORTH code or commands. Whatever
If, after experimenting, you find you enter will be assigned to a list
that you enjoy FORTH and would like LINE.IN and then the DO.LIST proce
to learn more about it, there are sev DO.PROCESS. Then, when the pro dure will be called with two inputs:
eral excellent books that can help you. gram encounters the word LOOP, it the list LINE.IN and a pointer that
FORTH Programming, by Leo J. increments the current loop index points to the first word in that list.
Scanlon (Howard W. Sams, 1982) and (the last element of INDEX) and tests DO,LIST will then call DO.WORD re
Starting FORTH, by Leo Brodie if it is equal to the limit of the loop peatedly for each FORTH word in
(Prentice Hall, 1981) are both highly (the next-to-last element of INDEX), If LINE.IN, incrementing the pointer
recommended. the current loop index is equal to the each time until the last word in the
limit, control passes to the word fol list has been reached. After all words
The LOGO Version of FORTH lowing LOOP; otherwise control will have been processed, INPUT calls it
For the sophisticated LOGOphile, jump to the word just after the pre self recursively and the prompt sym
let's now consider the article's sec- vious DO so the loop can be repeated. bol is printed again and the program
106 KEHRUARY/MARCH '85

no moRE peiuils
awaits further FORTH input. "0 = ," the test is made and the truth it encounters the word SQUARE,
DO.WORD is clearly the heart of the flag is pushed on the stack, etc. Simi DO.LIST will then be called again
program. This procedure takes what larly, control words such as DO, with the list of words in SQUARE as
ever FORTH word is being pointed to LOOP, IF, REPEAT, WHILE, and so its input. Then when these SQUARE
in its current list and processes that on, are all processed to duplicate their words are finished, DO.LIST will re
word by simulating a FORTH system. behavior in FORTH. sume processing CUBE with the next
For example, if the word is a number, If the word being pointed to is a word following the word SQUARE.
DO.WORD pushes that number onto newly defined FORTH word (i.e., it is LOGO'S ability to make recursive
the top of the stack. If the word is an an element of the list DEFINITIONS). calls to a procedure is one of the lan
arithmetic operator the appropriate DO.LIST is called with the list associ guages most powerful features. This
calculation is performed and the an ated with that new word's name as capability makes the FORTH imple
swer pushed onto the stack. If the input. For instance, when DO.LIST is mentation relatively easy. C
word is a comparison word such as processing the list named CUBE and Program on jly. 11)1
Table 1, Tiny FORTH Words
ARITHMETIC AND STACK MANIPULATION WORDS
Cnz ni — sum) Adds two top numbers.

Cn2 n1 -- diff) Subtracts nl from n2.
(n2 n1 — prod) Multiplies two top numbers,
/ (n2 nl — quot) Divides n2 by n1.
DUP tn ■ n n)
--
Duplicates the top number,
DROP (n ■ )
—
Discards top number.
SWAP (n2 nl ~ n1 n2) Exchanges top two numbers,
OVER (n2 m — n2 nl n2) Puts copy of second number on top
COMPARISON WORDS
Cn2 nl - flag) True if n2 greater than nl,

n2 n1 — flag) True if top two numbers are equal.
(n2 M — flag) True if n2 less than nl.
0> (n ■ —
flag) True If top number is positive,
0= Cn ■ —
flag) True if top number is zero.
0< tn ■ flag)
--
True if top number is negative.
NOT (flag -- flag2) Reverses value of flag.
MIN !n2 nl -- min) Leaves lesser of two top numbers,
MAX (n2 nl — max) Leaves greater of two top numbers.
ABS En ■ absolute) Gives absolute value of top value,
VARIABLE MANIPULATION WORDS
VARIABLE XXX (n — ) Creates a variable named xxx with

an initial value equal to the top
of the stack,
xxx a C - n) Puts the current value of the
variable xxx on top of the stack,
"a" is pronounced "fetch."
xxx ! (n -- ) Sets the value of the variable
xxx to the top of the stack.
"!" is pronounced "store."
CONTROL WORDS
DO,..LOOP (end+l start — ) Performs loop given index range.

See article.
1 ( -- index) Puts current loop index on stack
LEAVE ( ~ ) Terminates loop at next LOOP,
IF. , .THEN (flag — ) Executes words between IF and
THEN if flag is true. See
article.
IF...ELSE...THEN (flag — ) Executes words between IF and
ELSE if flag is true and words
between ELSE and THEN if flag is
false.
IWEKI'IjW 107
HO mORE PEIKIL5
BEGIN...UNTIL (flag Loops back to BEGIN until flag
tested at UNTIL is true.
BEGIN..,WHILE,,,REPEAT (flag Tests flag at WHILE and Jumps past
REPEAT if false. REPEAT causes
unconditional Jump to BEGIN.
OTHER WORDS
VL1ST Prints a vocabulary list of all

currently defined FORTH words.
(n -- Prints top of stack. Pronounced
"dot,"
Prints message until " mark,
Pronounced "dot-quote."
: xxx ... j Defines new FORTH word named xxx
See article for examples.
LIST Prints definitions of all new
FORTH words,
FORGET xxx Erases the current definition of
the FORTH word xxx.
CR Prints a carriage return.
ABORT Clears stack and DO-LOOP indices
COLD Forgets all new FORTH words and
restarts TINY.FORTH from scratch
TC TINY.FORTH
TITLE
SETUP
INPUT
END
TO TITLE
print [tiny forth written in logo]

M Wôrth vocabulary:
print n
END
TO SETUP
MAKE "STACK U
MAKE "DEFINITIONS []
MAKE "VARIABLES [J
Rake "vocab [I -*/ = >< o- o< o> not cr . ." drop do loop i leave
BEGIN UNTIL WHILE REPEAT DUP SWAP ABORT COLD MIN MAX ABS LIST a !
VARIABLE : ; VLIST IF THEN ELSE FORGET OVER]
END
TO INPUT
.GCOLL
pr!ntiC[»] make j'line.in request

make "ptr i
do.list :ptr :line.in
INPUT
END
DO.WORD :PTR1 :L1ST2

DO.LIST ( :PTR1 f 1 ) ;LIST2
END
108 H-ISUUARWMARCH '85

TO DO.WORD :POINTER :LIST no moRE pehcils
MAKE "W ITEM :POINTER :LIST
IF ;W = [I STOP
IF NUMBER? :W PUSH :H STOP
IF :W = + PUSH ( POP + POP ) STOP
IF :W ■ PUSH ( - POP + POP ) STOP
IF :W "* PUSH ( POP * POP ) STOP
IF ■W "/ PUSH 1 / ( POP / POP ) STOP
IF ". MAKE "X POP ( PRINT1 :X "' ' ) STOP
IF "CR PRINT [] STOP
IF :W = "DROP MAKE "X POP STOP
IF :W = "DUP MAKE "X POP PUSH :X PUSH :X STOP
IF :W = "I PUSH LAST :INDEX STOP
IF :W = "SWAP MAKE "X POP MAKE "Y POP PUSH :X PUSH :Y STOP
IF :W = "OVER MAKE "X POP MAKE "Y POP PUSH Y PUSH :X PUSH :Y STOP
IF :W = "ABORT MAKE "STACK [] MAKE "INDEX [] INPUT STOP
IF :W = "COLD TINY.FORTH STOP
IF :W = "VLIST PRINT [] PRINT :VOCAB STOP
IF :W = "DO DO.PROCESS STOP
IF ANYOF :W = "a :W = "! ERROR :W STOP
[F :W = "= TRY.LOGIC 1 STOP
IF :W = "> TRY.LOGIC 2 STOP
IF "< TRY.LOGIC 3 STOP
IF "MIN TRY.LOGIC 4 STOP
IF "MAX TRY.LOGIC 5 STOP
IF "0= TRY.LOGIC 6 STOP
IF "0> TRY.LOGIC 7 STOP
IF "0< TRY.LOGIC 8 STOP
IF "ABS TRY.LOGIC 9 STOP
IF "NOT TRY.LOGIC 6 STOP
IF "." PRINT.LIST STOP
IF "LIST PRINT [] LIST.DEFS 1 STOP
IF :W "IF IF.PROC STOP
: ANYOF :W = "THEN :W = "BEGIN STOP
IF :W = "ELSE JUMP "THEN STOP
IF :W = "UNTIL UTL.PROC STOP
IF :W = "REPEAT JUMP "BEGIN STOP
IF :W = "WHILE WHL.PROC STOP
IF :W = "LEAVE EXIT STOP
IF :W - "VARIABLE DEFINE.VAR STOP
IF :W = "LOOP LOOP STOP
IF :W = ": DEFINE.CODE STOP
IF :W = "FORGET XIT STOP
: MEMBER? :W DEFINITIONS DO.LIST 1 THING :W STOP
IF MEMBER? :W :VARIABLES VAR.PROCESS STOP
ERROR 1 :W
END
TO PUSH :NUMBER
MAKE "STACK LPUT :NUMBER :STACK
END
TO POP
IF :STACK = [] ERROR 2 0
MAKE "X9 LAST :STACK
MAKE "STACK BUTLAST :STACK
OUTPUT :X9
END
TO DO.PROCESS
IF NOT MEMBER? "LOOP :LIST ERROR 5 0
MAKE "IS POP MAKE "IE POP
MAKE "INDEX LPUT :IE ;INDEX
MAKE "INDEX LPUT :IS :INDEX
END
POWERH.AY 109
no moRE PEncus
TO ERROR
PRINT U
PRINT [TINY FORTH ERROR:]
EROR:]
IF N = 1 ( PRINT :W [HAS NOT BEEN DEFINED YET] )
IF N = 2 PRINT [TRIED TO POP AN EMPTY STACK]
IF N = 3 ( PRINT [EXPECTED a OR ! AFTER VARIABLE] :W )
IF N = H ( PRINT [EXPECTED VARIABLE NAME BEFORE] :W )
IF N - 5 PRINT [DO WITHOUT ENDING LOOP]
IF N = 6 ( PRINT :W [MISSING FROM LINE:] ) PRINT :LIST
IF = 7 PRINT : WITHOUT ENDING ;]
INPUT
END
TO TRY.LOGIC :Z
MAKE "Z2 POP MAKE "ANS 0
IF :Z < 6 MAKE "Z1 POP
IF ALLOF \1 = 1 :Z1 = :Z2 MAKE "ANS '
IF ALLOF :Z = 2 :Z1 > :Z2 MAKE "ANS 1
IF ALLOF :l = 3 :Z1 < :Z2 MAKE "ANS 1
IF a = H MAKE "ANS :Z1 IF :Z2 Z1 MAKE "ANS :Z2
IF :Z = 5 MAKE "ANS :Z1 IF :Z2 > Z1 MAKE "ANS :Z2
IF ALLOF :Z = 6 :Z2 = 0 MAKE "ANS
IF ALLOF Z = 7 :Z2 > 0 MAKE "ANS 1
IF ALLOF Z = 8 :Z2 < 0 MAKE "ANS 1
IF :Z = 9 MAKE "ANS :Z2 IF :Z2 < 0 MAKE "ANS ( - :Z2 )
PUSH :ANS
END
TO PRINT.LIST
MAKE "PTR.STUFF SUB.LIST ( :POINTER + 1 ) "" :LIST
( PRINT1 :PTR,STUFF [' '] )
MAKE "PTR1 :LPTR
END
TO LIST.DEFS ;DC
IF :DEFINITIONS ■ [] PRINT [NO NEW FORTH WORDS DEFINED] STOP
IF :DC > COUNT :DEFINTIONS PRINT [3 STOP
PRINT! ITEM :DC :DEFINT1ONS PRINT1 [': '] PRINT THING ITEM :DC :DEFINTIONS
LIST.DEFS :DC + 1
END
TO IF.PROC
MAKE "FLAG POP
IF ALLOF :FLAG = 0 MEMBER? "ELSE :LIST JUMP "ELSE STOP
IF :FLAG = 0 JUMP "THEN
END
TO JUMP :LOC
IF NOT MEMBER? :LOC :LIST ERROR 6 :LOC
SET.PTR 1 :LOC :LIST
MAKE "PTR1 :NPTR
END
TO UTL.PROC
IF NOT POP = 1 JUMP "BEGIN
END
TO WHL.PROC
IF POP = 0 JUMP "REPEAT
END
TC EXIT
MAKE "E LAST : INDEX
MAKE "INDEX ( SENTENCE BUTLAST BUTLAST ;INDEX :E + 1 :E )
END
110 I-KHKUARY/MAKCH'85
no moRE pencils
TO DEFINE.VAR
MAKE "NAME ITEM ( 1 + rPOINTER ) :LIST
PRINT []
PRINT! ;NAME PRINT [' IS NOW DEFINED AS A VARIABLE']
MAKE :NAME POP
MAKE "VARIABLES LPUT :NAME :VARIABLES
INC.PTR
END
TO LOOP
MAKE "INDEX SENTENCE ( BUTLAST ;INDEX ) ( 1 + LAST :INDEX )
IF LAST :INDEX = LAST ( BUTLAST :INDEX )
MAKE "INDEX BUTLAST BUTLAST :INDEX STOP
JUMP "DO
END
TO DEFINE.CODE
IF NOT MEMBER? "; :LIST ERROR 7 0
MAKE "NAME ITEM ( :POINTER + 1 ) :LIST
PRINT []
PRINT1 :NAME PRINT [' IS NOW DEFINED AS A WORD']
MAKE :NAME SUB.LIST ( :POINTER + 2 ) "; :LIST
MAKE "DEFINITIONS LPUT :NAME iDEFINITIONS
MAKE "VOCAB LPUT :NAME :VOCAB
MAKE "PTR1 :LPTR
END
TO XIT
MAKE "NAME ITEM ( 1 + :POINTER ) :LIST
MAKE "DEFINTIONS DELETE :NAME ;DEFINTIONS
MAKE "VOCAB DELETE :NAME :VOCAB
INC.PTR
END
TO VAR.PROCESS
MAKE "NEXT ITEM ( 1 + :POINTER ) :LIST
IF :NEXT = "3 PUSH THING :W INC.PTR STOP
IF :NEXT = "! MAKE :W POP INC.PTR STOP
ERROR 3 :W
END
TO INC.PTR
MAKE "PTR1 1 + :POINTER
END
TO SUB.LIST :NTH iLASTWORD :LIST1

MAKE "C.WORD ITEM :NTH :LIST1
IF :C.WORD = :LASTWORD MAKE "LPTR :NTH OUTPUT []
OUTPUT SENTENCE :C.WORD SUB.LIST ( :NTH + 1 ) :LASTWORD :LIST1
END
TO SET.PTR :KTH :FIND ;LIST5

IF ITEM :KTH :LIST3 = :FIND MAKE "NPTR :KTH STOP
SET.PTR ( ;KTH + 1 ) :FIND :LIST3
END
TO DELETE :EL ;LI

IF :LI = [] OUTPUT []
TEST :EL = FIRST :LI
IFTRUE OUTPUT DELETE :EL BUTFIRST :LI
IFFALSE OUTPUT FPUT FIRST ;LI DELETE :EL BUTFIRST :LI
END
]'owi:hi'Ij\y in
BOOK REVIEWS BY LINDA LEE
walks through the necessary steps for

Brought to You Dozens of books on loading and saving programs.
Building and rebuilding programs
by Sybex the market claim to clear up some points on GOSUB and

GOTO routines. There is also insight
be the best for new on how to tailor existing programs to
The Easy Guide to Your fit your needs.
Commodore 64 computer users. To The "Inside Story" covers PEEK
help you choose and POKE statements. It explains

AUTHOR: JOSEPH KASCMEK
enough without being too detailed,
you know that in computer jar
one that fits your although the hex addresses could
have been omitted. When dealing
gon, back-up is not a direction given
to a truck driver, hex is not a witch's abilities, we look at with hardware, a beginner can be
curse and menu is not a selection of come confused with the mention of all
entrees at a restaurant? If these tid several published by the various cartridges and cards that
bits shock you, Lhon join the ranks of can be used, Any information on
novices behind a microcomputer. Sybex Computer what they are or where they can be
obtained should have been included.
Joseph Kascmer's tongue-in-cheek
approach to learning the 64 begins
Books. The Appendices at thR back of the
with a chapter called "Coming Into book list additional special com
Power." Master and Servant meet mands, plus a "Jargon Phrase
begins the list of BASIC commands. Guide." The low-key humor which
head-on with the introduction of
This works as a good lead into flavors the entire book is especially
hardware, cables and those strange,
variables called "Stand-Ins for Num tasteful here.
untypewriter-like keys such as cursor,
bers." Clear, concise descriptions It's not a bad way to begin comput
CLEAR/HOME and INSERT/DELETE,
move the reader from decision mak ing, just watch out for the bugs—and
Be careful with the reference to the
ing with an IF statement through pro I'm not talking about the crawling six-
C= key, this is really the Commodore
gram control with the GOTO legged ones.
logo key in disguise.
command. However, making patterns
The "Video Printing" chapter
on the screen is not the strongest ex
shows how prose and poetry can be
ample of the REM, STOP or The Commodore 641 VIC 20
created on the screen just like a type
writer. Read between the lines, how
FOR/NEXT commands. Handbook
String variables ate dealt with sep AUTHOR: DOUG1.AS HERCERT
ever, to find out that you don't use the
arately with easy-to-understand ex
RETURN key at any time. Cursor keys
planations of the left$, nghtS and M. or more serious programmers, this
only, please.
mid$. But where are the integer handbook is definitely a plus. The
The ever-faithful PRINT statement
variables-%? Are they obsolete or just programs are set up to run on either a
not valuable to a beginner'' VIC 20 or 64 and no PEEKs and
A program that keeps track of plani POKEs are included The sample
growth is a down-to-earth approach screens are done on the VIC 20 so it is
to learning the ins and outs of DIM easier to follow. The alphabetical
and READ statements. A few setup works great for reference, espe
FOR/NEXT loops thrown in for good cially with key words at the top of
measure give the reader some practi every page.
cal applications. Again the descrip Another bonus to this book is the
tions are easy to follow. There is no distinction between types of com
feeling of being in over your head. puter terminology. For example, byte
Economy or first class? The end re is computer vocabulary, GOTO is a
sults are the same. It's just a question command word. INT is a function and
of how you want to get there. This is NOT is a logical operator. It also dis
the same with storage devices— tinguishes between types of func
economy style with a tape drive or tions and command words: OPEN is
first class with a disk drive. When an input-/output command word and
making a decision, be sure you know ST is an input/output function.
exactly what your needs will be. For Next comes a sample program ex
instance, the pros and cons of each planation which is simple to follow.
device and the difference in file han Following that is the program listing
dling methods are examined to help followed by a sample screen of the
make the choice easier. output. Notes and comments end
Disk commands begin with loading most entries.
the Test/Demo disk. Then the reader The entire book is well organized
112 KKHRl.'AHYV MARCH '85

BOOK HEUIEW5
ter directly from the cover, this hand chapter is also dedicated to file and
book gives a sense of superiority. This record handling. It allows you to add
cover features a pyramid in the back and delete records, search records
ground and a sphinx cradling a 64. and save the file.
This is an appealing introduction to a A sample screen output is dis
skillfully created reference guide. played with every program, so you
know exactly what should be happen
Commodore 64 BASIC ing. With subroutine handling, details
Programs in Minutes like saving and loading files, asking
AUTHOR:STANLEY R.TROST for another run and listing the menu,
the user can relax, obey screen com
M. or a refreshing difference, there is mands and leave the worry of why the
a book that is not trying to teach you program works to Mr. Trost. For any
something. There are no detailed de one interested in knowing how the
scriptions, no programming tips and subroutines work, Appendix B goes
no short routines to demonstrate a into brief explanations.
point. But there are over 65 short, This book is not completely dedi
easy-to-use BASIC programs and cated to adults, however. There is a
subroutines that do a myriad of tasks serins of mathematics practice pro
from calculations of present and fu grams which will aid children from
ture value of money to fraction multi elementary through high school.
plication. If you can read and type, Starting with addition, subtraction,
you can make the most of this book multiplication and division, the diffi
The programs all work with a set of culty level increases when these func
central subroutines found in Appen tions are applied to fractions,
dix A. There are eleven short subrou This is definitely not a book on ev
tines (between four and 17 lines each) erything you ever wanted to know
and easy to understand. Even the fact that must be typed in first and saved about BASIC but forgot to ask. It is,
that an unnecessary LET command is as one program, From there the however, a book that allows nonpro-
used consistently throughout the choice is up to the reader. grammers to make good use of their
book does not detract from its value. The selections range from home to equipment without a lot of frustration
Sample programs show examples business finance programs. Espe and expense. C
that can be very useful later. The ASC cially useful business programs give
function is demonstrated with a pro you various types of depreciation,
gram that reads a character from the break-even points, sales prices, com
keyboard to print the ASCII value. missions and wages. A variety of
The GOSUB command makes a mortgage programs, affordable house
meaningful tool for learning how to prices and rental property analysis
write a menu-driven program, Learn programs can be found in the real
ing the GOTO command is helpful estate section,
when balancing a checkbook, while The nice feature of this book is the
INPUT# defines the salaried and ability to build up to a larger program,
hourly employees of a small business. Each chapter contains a series of
Have you ever altered an existing small programs that build upon each
program just a little and when the other, each ranging in length from ten
program is run, all kinds of error mas to 20 lines. Once the series is com
sages appear mysteriously' Douglas pleted, a menu program is set up to
Hergert goes as far as to tell you what give the user the advantage of select
possible errors may occur and why. ing a specific area with each section.
If you are unsure about arrays, the An entire chapter of programs is
DIM statement contains an interpre saved as one program, which is a
tation that even a beginner can un unique approach for busy people who
derstand. Well-defined examples don't have hours to sit and type long,
clear up the fine points. The cross complicated programs to do funda
referencing also allows for quick, easy mental tasks or don't want to buy ex
access to the necessary information. pensive software packages that have
Arrays will lead you to DIM. many more features than are needed.
A review of this book would not be The data analysis programs allow
complete without mention of the you to calculate mean and standard
cover. Unlike most computer books deviation, weighted moving average
that get right to the heart of the mat and even linear regression. An entire
113
Because our user group listing has become excessively long. we me now publishing only a
partial list in onch issue. This time we've included all our user groups in states beginning
■ ■•»•■'■ ■»
with lotteis N through W and ali foreign gioups. Next issue wa'll publish all the gioups In
states beginning with letters A through M. Then the following issue, it's back to N through W.
and so on. until we get so many that we have to publish it in thiee—or (out—oi moie—parts.
Chmrv Hill. NJ 0SO34 (&06) 522-7622 Jmwl S In T man Paul Klompaa

NEBRASKA
Find IMrmnnn HudHon Vnlloy CommculotB Club (DIG) 6S4-B360
IKSBotM (609) 227-7905 NEW VOHK
PO Box 2130 SCUG (SchvnBccady Commodore
Alliance. tlK 69301 Capitol Dis: 64WC 20 Useis
VIC-TIMES Kingston NY 12401 Users Group)
Marilyn SiiCim Group 1st Wed ol month
« Wayne Si Co The Video Connection
Pathfinders 64 Ediaon NJ 08B17 363 Hamilton St
VIC 20J64 Usflis Group Canal Squaiu
1612NorlhlSr Ttiomas R Molnoi Albany. NY 12210 Hcheneolaiiy, NY 12305
31 Mapla Dr
Fromonl. NE 68025 BlllPlior lslMon o( month
Cape-Atlanrjc Cummodoie Users Licdenhuisi NY 11757
Ken: Tegt'ls (518)436-1190 Timothy Davis
Gioup PeteLobol
Plaue VaIIcv Commodoi" User loioShoieHd HB-64-6667 E-3S 6th Don Hosp (516)957.1512 Commodore Masleis
Group (PVCUQ) Lincoln. NJ 08221 APO New York. NY 09154 25 Croton Ave
McincK Commodoio Clul)
1720-0-Si. ijj Clwdwick Gmy Leo Ciowell smten Ishnd. NY 10301
2166 Vino Oi
Onrlny. NEC9341 39y-40'14 Commodore 64 Bcilin Uiois Gioup Meirick. NY 11566 Stephen Farkoutl
Jim Parka Kill] ca'c! IS Adv i '■ u v Co ll USArS lioilm Howard MlLk't VIC UtuiB Club
(306) 430-3211 po boi tee Bo»9723
PockLind County CommodoiA 76 Radlord Sl
Gioaler Orn.ilifl CcmmrMlorn G4 Mudioid, NJ 06055 ATONnw York, NY 09742 Staien Island, NY 10314
U&els Gioup
Useis Group John llantield ChailuiiD. Blagbu:n P O Bon 673 Michael Fronts
2932 Uviwood Dr. (609) 953-1200 Commodoie Computer Users Nanuet, NY 10965 VIC Users Group
Omaha. NE 68123 Group Etflidelberg
Monmouts. Commodore/PET Usera ticss Gaiber cô S'jmey Brook Learning Center
POBoi 1424 Stoney Biook Rd
New Yotk 64 Users Gioup
(402) 292-2753 APO New Yoilt NY 09102
25 Foi Wood Bun 222 Thompson Et stoaey Brook. NY 11790
NEVADA Middlelon, NJ 07748 RobBrt. II Jncquot NowViirk. NY 10012 KDboiL Wuitiel
Stan Gawel VIC 20 Uem Club (616)751-1710
Lrf. V<'<mî i'F-:T it"]:. Group Biuco Coliin
(201)671-4059 339 Bilk A»i! (212)673-7241
Suito 5-31b Commodoro Sia Computer Club ol
PKrsippnnyComp.itei Group Babylon. NY 11702
5130 K Hi, irk; Mis Blvd New Yoih CommoclOfU UtflTB Roddnd
51 Ki-mcatl S*d Gary Owl man PO Ban 233
Us Verjio, NV B9122 Gioup
M<Mlls Plains, NsP EJ7B6Q (516) 663 9126 Tollman, NY WJB2
Ck'i.ild H'UJty 330 Rivelside Dr.
Boll Searing BdysKk' VIC Usors Now Yoik. NY 10025 I'eter Ballin
Southern Novnila Commodoie
(201) 267-5231 23-20 Bell Dlvd Ben Tunkcljng (914) 357-6941
Gioup
905 BiJiac St Mcrns Area Commodoie Useis Bsymde. NY 113B0 (212) 566-6250 Mohawk Valley Ccmmodore Users
Gioup (MACUC) Maic Gei stein
LasVetlas. NVB9128 The New Yoik City V1C64 Users Gioup
Joseph Wlndolph 61 Early St Commodore Com putoi Club Qroup-NYCUC P.O Box 343
363-2519 MoiriKlown, NJ (Fi)60 Publications Dept 436 blast 69th St Tribes Hill. NY 12177
Tom Limoncetli 1111 StewartAve New York. NY 10021 2nd Tues of month ((*■ 7 p m
5OG CornmoliirB Usciu Group
(201) 267-5068 Brtthpnno. NY 117 M Jocvtyn Wcods William Nowak
c j IC Electronics
H jii: .. ■ V.i ■ , ' 1 i- .; Neil lûculson (212|7R7-2iH (518) S29-7570
4011 VI Climliston Blvd
PO Box 234 (516) 675-9558 VIC 20/B4 Usois Gioup L81M CompilWI Ciuh VIC 30 Si B4
DnWe Qoilunrj Ml Lmiral, NJ D9C64 Brooklyn liytes NYU 4 Chnroii St
(702) 870-4201 4tliTues 7pm 10805 Ha-JanOs gth Sl Waverly PUco Tully. NY 13159
M EisonhachT B[ooklyn. NY 11236 New York. NY 10003 D:ck Mickdson
Compu Club 64
(609) 267 1912 lsl Tuesday oi monlh Lawrenc? Schulmaji (315)696-8904
4220 S M.iryland Parkway
1NFO64 Bruce Gntman (212) 3b8-5155 Utica Commoilore Users Gioup
Blag B -Suiu>403
Las Vegu. NV B91O3 Ifi VI Ridgewnod Ave ManhJittnn 64 Finyei Likps Comtncdom Users 1H01 Stoili Avo
Cindy Spring Maid Hldi/ewood, NJ 074 EO c'o Stevo LazaiowltJ Group Uuca. NY 13501
(702) 369-rjM Djivi? GaraRa 1440 Freeport Loop Co Rom City Ccmpufvi Aasociatpii Phil RothBUJltl
(2011 447-4422 Brooklyn. NY 112M 229WcKl)nlnnSt (315)733-2244
C-Run
VIC Sottwaie Dnvelopment Chib L»uiy ITiompson Newaik, NY 14513 Chautauqua Ctmniy CominodOEO
P.O. Box 70173
Tl f'oinalhaul Avn G12) f>17-4a6(! (31G)331-lias
Reno. NV (1&670 Usuis Group
Franklin Miller Sewoli WJ C90R0 VIC Usw Group Nomy Chun c'o Sector Ono Computer
IE P Rosenberg 1260OcoanAva P.O BOI226 19-21 East Main S-..
HEW HAMPSHIRE
Someise: Users Club Broohl^. NY 11230 Norwood. NY I36SB Westneld NY 14787
Northern Nuw England Computer 49 Maicy El ft Leviit ■ 2nd Wed o[ montji (d'Tpm Mark Dunlap
Socie'y Somoispt, NJ 0BB73 (212) (159-3030 Andrew VdilDuyne (716)326-2222
1>O Bo* 60 Efohoit Holzet 353-4591
VIC Information Exchange Club PETUsel ClUD o! Westell not«
Peiltn. NI3 0357D
Ewtncj Commodore Users Gioup 336W 23 St CcmmodoiTrt 64 Users Gioup PO Boi 12S0
C-64 U S E It S Dm Software 1 \ Van Saun Dr D«rr Pnrk, NY 11719 S U N Y al Oswego White Plmnii. NY 10602
Exchange Pil> Tlenton. NJ 0862B Tom Schioflo) Dept of Industrial Alts Bon Meypr
]J O Eon 4022 SASEfiipM pi. OsweiJO, NY 13126
liiidtw-d of month 7-9 p m. VIC 20 User Club
RDChestur. NM 03967 John C Jones Jchn it Boionkay
UVICS (Lonrj island VIC Society) 161-aa 22nij Avn
TBH VIC-N1CB (609) 862-4826 20 Spyglass Lane SPUG Whltestone. NY 11357
PO. Boi 381 VIC 20 Use: Group East ScuukBl. NY 11713 4782 Boston Pos: Pd JeanF Coppola
Salem. NH 03079 67 Distier Ave Lawienix Slelani Pelham. NY 10803
W Caldwell. NJ 07006 (516) 761-7S44 Paul Skipski NORTH CAROLINA
NEW JERSEY
G M Amin QuwnB N Y Useis Group West Chnstdi County ViC (Jeers Haloigh ViC 2O/G4 Users Group
The Bell Communication Pasoaich (201)284-2231 410-D DelM Court
67-42 liarrow Sl Group
Commodore U&eis Gioup
Jerevy Shore Commodoie Uvnt Foidsi Kills. NY PO Box 146 Caiy. NC 27611
Group Sam Soluin Polham. NY 10&52 Lany Dmn«!
Il.JSkui!t Ruiijs. NJ 07920
Wall Township Fust Aid Bmliiintj NlipIimi Oommftloihi Uaers Group Joe Diown 019) 469-3BC2
Wiiltrtr Kobbln
KJOb MonmrjuthBlvd PG Box 11 PouQhketipuLO ViC User Gioup Clnveland County Computer Club
(201)221-4427
Wall Township. NJ FPO. NY0952! 2 Brooklands Farm Fid P O Box 4B9
ACGNJ PET/VIOCBM User Group 3rdThurso!mon:ri '<> 7 Donald Scrmudi Pouglikeepaio. NY 12601 Grover. NC 28073
Bob MoKinley (2011 542-2113 Joe Stcinmîn Todd Paiterson
UVE (L-ong Island VIC Enthusiasts)
Belle Meat!. NJOB502 Q Docka 223-13S7
17PieadiUyFd. (314) -162-1510 (704) 937-El 124
J. M Pyikn
CommQdoie Friendly User Gioup QrantNecfc. NYI1C23 Ttie Commndoie Usprs Oioup Down East Commodores
801)369-3882
49 Hershey Rd Arnold Friedman Pochefltci 302 Beiltown Rd
Bcrdentown Area Commodore Wayne. NJ 07470
long bland PET Socwty 7BHardlsonRd llavelock.NC 28532
Users Croup Rich Pinin/Colin Campbaa
Hallxufn'kls HS Rocheswr, NY 14617 Biuco Th'-din
10 Spring Sl (2011 696-B043
Tnylor Avo Phono Eviinlnrjs bolwimn 7-10 (919) 447-4536
Hordentown, NJ QB5Q5
NEW MEXICO Grottnluwn. NY 11740 Tom Wiionnki VIC Users Club
J» Grluer
Ralph Bieaslei (716) 544-5201 Rt 11
Commodore Users Group
VIC 20 U«r Croup Hickory. NC 28601
Cumberland County Commodore B209 Lealio Place Tho UpotAte Commooofe Ubhs
Pflpei Servicp Divisyjn Tim Giomlovils
Users Gioup AlBuqueirjue. NM 87109 □loup
P.O. BOK 5242 Kodak Park VIC Users Club
2a Parkei St Danny Hymn
Ainot Mall Pochester. NY 14617
Bridge'on. NJOH3O2 (505)82! -5312
Hoi5ehoads. NY 14644 David Upfiarsi LinCTtfnton. NC 2B092
Southern New Mexico Corcrnodoie
Chns Johnson Aduondack Commodoto 64 Users David c Fononberry
[609)451-7793 U&ers Group
Helto Group Tryon Cominoiloie 64 Cluti
Scinh Jersey Commodoie Uim PO Boi4437
U= Ciucbe. NM 80001 76-12 3Slh Avo 205 Wrxull.iwn Ave I' O Box 101(1
ciub- ■
Jackoon lloighu. NY 11372 Tryon, NC 2B7B2
p O Box 4206 Diwid Helwyn
s"""m" *>"["as'm
114 KEHKUARY/MARCH'85
istMoti o( month at 7 p.rn
USER GROUPS
679 Munny Hill D[
Ruhui Mtchad Xsnia. OH 453S5 Clifton Hoifllilo PA 19018
(704) B59-6340 Chiulos Totin
Microcomputer Users Chjfck (513) 372 4077 Do Walton Woods Bia & Bytes 2O8Hwyl5
Bo* 17142 BethafcaraSta
OKLAHOMA 1015 Dale Pd MynJe Beach, SC 2»77
Winston-Solcm. NC 271 lfl CoatosvillH. PA 19320
ConimodoiL' (fii
Secane, PA 190IS Patricia Watiuna
Joel D Drown Robert Cuuyhix Davo Bcodoy 448-5428
1704 S Oflligo
NORTH DAKOTA BartlasvllUi. OK 74003 Cnetio Coeunodcai C'oinputfiT ciuis (316) 544-5875
Tlin ChaJleaton Compuliu Socioty
RD#1 4820 Anne Lane
CCCC (Capitol City Computer Frstl Mnyn PO Box52G4
Ctuu) (9181 336-0233 Edinbuig. PA 16116 Shaipsville. PAlblbO N. Cluuleston. St; 29400
3rd TfuiEd-iy Gene RancEiftk 3rd Tues ol month at 7 p m
c/o Veterans Memorial Public Scuthwort Oklahoma Computci DWade
Uhrsiy [412)962-9682 Jade Fun
Ctub
520 Avenue A East
(216) B73-9261 (903) 747-0310
c/o Commodorp Chaptac Upper Birxmont C 64 Users
Bismarck. ND 58501 CDnmwKlore U^fts Group 655 Beigey Rd
P.O Don 6646 Spaitan&urg Commodore Users
Rolf Arnold 3021 Ben Venue Di Tolford.PA 18969
lawton, OK 73504 Group
Greonsburg. ('A 15601 Don Roques
Trio Computer Cub meets 1 BOS Lucerne Dr
Jim Mathers (215) 723-7039
Lock Dmwcr 1497 Cosnniodotu Uecjs Group SpattanbuIH, SC 39302
(412) B36-2224 James Pasley
North Dukotn Suite Pvntt^nti.iiy MusKogoo Compulei Society CACCCCenue Aran Commodofe
Bismarck, ND 58SO2 202 S 12th St NADC Commodoo Us«s Ouli Computer Club (903) 582-6897
Ed Rnltin 24fl Ookdnlc Ava 214 Computer Building
MurtDgm.. OK 74401 Commodore Computer Club ol
Stevo Ford Horstiam. PA I9OI4 UniveraLtyPaik. PA 16802 Columbia
OHIO NojmJin McCraiy
Commodon* Unuis ol Norinan BUHflbw P.O Box 2775
CPU Connection
Wostmoreland Commodore Usuia Iff 14) 237-5912 Coyce
209 Brooliwuod
PO Bo* 42032 Club
Kobie. OK 7306B Commodore UwtQ Group West Columbia, SC 29171
Brook ['a,],. OH M142
do DJ a Son Decuorucs 781 Dick Ave Chuck Howard-Sect /Ties
Danni Hudak Matt Hao.01
Colonial Plaia WajmuiKe! PA 18974
ChlHlcothe Commodore Usms Comrnodorc Okla.'ioâ Users Club Lanobe. PA 1S65O
SOUTH DAKOTA
Mar. M
Croup 4000 NW 14th St
Jim Mathers PET Usei Qroup
PO Bo»211 Oklahoma City, OK 73107 Main Line Comrntxioru Users
516SOUtil Dull
Stanley H Dow CACC (Capitol Aroil Commodora Oioup (MLCUO)
Chillicothii. OH 4M01 Mitchell, SD 57301
(105) 043-1370 Cluh) l(M60eiioial Allen Lane
William A Chnney PO. Hot: 333
Jim Dallas
Cummoilota Une:s WnstCrismrjr. PA 193S0
Commodore Users or Bluo Chip (M8J 99G-8277
Umoyna. PA 1JCM3 Emil Volctieck
(Cincinnati | Bo>26a
Geodray Hebm (215) 388-15S1 VIC/64 Uwi> auB
Oklahoma Citi. OK 73101
8I6Bwcher St (717)733-5255 60S West 5th
Monie Mah« The Commodore Uiorn CluD of S E
Cincinnati. OH 452M Pierre. ED 57501
PET Usor Gtcup Plttshuigh
Ted Elelets Greater OJdflhama Commodore Larty Lundeen
PO Box 371 u/0 Groves Appliance a TV
(5131 % I-6582 C)ub (60S) 224-4863
MontgnmeryviUo. PA 18936 2407 Pennsylvania Ave.
1401 N. RockvmE
SW.OC.UC.ISW. Ohio Gone Beala West MiffLn. PA 16122
Oklahoma City. OK 73127 TENNESSEE
Commodore Users Gp) Charles Giuves
Hantly Hill Light Equal pd Commodore UNO! Club
8401 WicWow a™
(405I7IB.3229 MinBy Skelton Wt-st Branch Commodore Users Metio Computot Cftntet
Cincinnati. OH 45236 PO Boi7B Group
Joe Bar«Tard TUIia ATM CommoOorBUsBrs 1BO0 Dayton Blvd
Mount Holly Sprinna. PA 17065 PO Bo*99i
Ocoup Chutunooga TN 37406
3authwu<tHrn Otito Commodore
7604 N 117th E A™
(717)766-6116 or WiUiamspoil. PA 17703
Mondays?
Users Group (717) 4SS-3274 Gene Loveland
PO Hnn 339117 Owasoii, OK 74055 JnckRon Commodore (Janrs Group
(717) 323-7901
Ctaifl Urtwmnn A-K 64 Uacifl Qioup 31 Carriage Hourm Dr
Cincinnati, OH ■15239
(9 IS) 272-H7S5 1762 Fnirmont St PUERTO RICO
2nd Wi*d ol month a'. 7 p.m Jackson, TN 38305
New Kensington, PA 1506S Rick Crono
Central Ohio Co:iuncdO[B Uwira OHECON VIC 20 User Group
2nd a 4tll Tuos c! month
655 Hernandez St (901)668-8958
Group AKon E GluBuh
Jeiorson Suite Computer rj»ts
107 s WosunoorAve Miramar. PR 00907 ET 64 Usas Grnup
Group- JUG (112)335-9070
Columliui. OH 43204 Robert Morales PO Box 495
2356 Camp HakoiRd OH.C UanrChih
Phillip H Lynch Cornmodorfl UHfim Group of Ponce Knonvrllo. TN 37801
Medlord. QilO7601 300 Whnun f [al!nw M
(614) 274 0304 BPGExt LobDoIicim Walt Turner
John PJiiwmiiii N<w KtriiHlnuLon. PA 1G068
I'oncn, i'H 0O731 (6IB) 966-B47B
Coimnotioie Local Usern Eichonnrj Bill Bolt
Soutlwrn OlBflon V1C84 UEor:;
(CLUE) (809) B44-5733 Metro-KnoxviUo Commodoro Users
Group Boelna Emplayoes Porsonal
3O40HlahcllflCl CUG o! Puorio Hlco Club
3600 Modiona Lino Compute! Club
Caum&us, OH 43229 RFD#1 7405 Oxmod Rd
MMIoid. OB 97501 "Hie Boeing Vorto! C-
2nd man at month (n G EanJuan.PROCen KnaxviSs. TN 37931
James Powell P.O. Box 16858
Pat Murphy (503)779.7031 Ken Binch 2ndThuis 6
PhiladPlDhia. PA 19142
Akion Atna C-64 Users Group Ed Pntchaid
NWPETUmn Group Jim McLaughlm RHODE ISLAND
2463 Second St (615) 938-3773
2134 NE 46th Ave. (215) 522-2257
Cuytlhofju Falls, Oil 44221 Commodoie U*nn Grotip Memphis Cammoiloitf Uaerfl Club
Portland. OR 97213 Oxloid Cucln 64 Unsr Gioup
4th Sot ol month <q- l-4pm c/o Data-Co 2476 Redvers Avo
John F JOQVi Trinity Church
Paul Hardy 978 TlOflUo Ann MrrmphiE. TN 38127
Unitod Sums Commodae Uhi 6900 Rising Sun Ave Coventry. Bl 02816
12161 923 4396 llrury Ewart
Otmp PhtladolpriB, PA 19111 Victor Molten
Commodom Users Group (901) 358-5823
PO Bok2310 3rd Mon of month 7 (■101) 82a-7365
18813 Horlan Dr Hoaoburo, OR 97-170 Foger N(i;b1bv(21B) 535-9021 Nashville Commodore LTsora Group
Maplo iloiahts. OH 44137 Irving B Silyernmn I'O Dos 121202
Richdid Tfrukijl (216)743-6999
Call SI , , 160 Taunan Ave. Nashville. TN 37212
(633) G72-7591 PACS Commodore Users Group
(216)581-3099 E Providence. H102G14
3rd Thura at Cumberland Mus
LaEata Collnou MicheDa Cuavanl
Manon Ohio Commodore Urns PENNSYLVANIA Dave Hushing
20th & Olney Ave
Group (MOCUG) Lincoln TochnicoT Insi Newport VlC/6HJ«ni (615) 331-5408
Fhiladtilphia. PA 1S141
775 Woldnow Rd SI 51 TUghmnn 10 Moitland Cl
Stephen Longo TEXAS
Mm ion. Ol! 43302 Allenrown PA Nnwcorl. HI 02B40
(216)351-1250 Commodore Uters Groupi (Austin)
Vnn Mueied 2nd ft 4tliThun ffv'7 Di Matt McConcjhy
VIC SoftwoM P>JV(flop[Jlunt Club PO Bo<4913H
(6M) 72U-263O AJ;wi Kruno (401) B19-26Q4
440 W Sodnwlck Austin, TX 7B706
Medina Cummodore UaeTfl GfOup (215) 'm-1032 BICE (Rhode Inland Cotll[Xltnr
Apt A-l Dr Jerry D Frtwu
POIta 182 BellwoaJ Almond Users GiD>ip En'Jiusiaits)
P!ii)arje!|>|il,i. PA 19119 Corpus Chrujll Ccmrnodoros
Medina. OK 44258 1433-13rhAvB 188 Morris Aw.
Tracy Lee Tliwnu PO BIH6541
2nd Wed S7po Atloona. PA 1G6O3 Pflwmcket. RT 02&GG
(215) B44O28 Corpus Christl. TX 76411
Jill Carpenter D.M Dantol Michael Sketton
PPC (PiKshurgh I'ET Group) ESob McKeivy
(216)722-2611 (B14) 942-9565 (40t)72a-E6(C
2015 Gamck Dr (512) 362-7665
Licking County M Users Croup COMPSTARS SOUTH CAROLINA
Pittsburuh. PA 16335 OnH Coast Commodoro [fhcTri
323 SChUMl St. 130 BhU Tt«il Clida
JooLA Cauir Btnu(ott Technical Collnflp Group
Nfiwmk. OH 43056 Auduhon. I1 A 19*3
1412)371 28B2 UXIS Piiamt Rd rOEn 12B
((514)345-1327 Me-.t at Audio Video June! Bouillon. SC 29002
O'C Computaf OhVni-r, Group Corpus Chum. TX 7BM3
11433 Ponrl Rd Mike Norm
c/0 Gilblirl Awocutes Dwn o[ Inyuucllon Lawrence Hocnanduz
Strononvilto, OH 44136 Worldwide Commodore Usets PO Bra 1499 (512)8874577
ie Uavtp Society ol
Prtul M War nor Group Beadino. PA 19607 Groonvi^fl(CUS) THrant County Commodoro 64
Com motion! Computor Clutl or P.O Uox 337 Jo Lambort (216) 775-261X1 TJorlion Records-liomo Computers Club (TCCC)
Toiodo Blue Bell. I'A 19422 Estentjon R472 »17S. Pleasaniljurg Dr. 1F501 Laufiweod
734 [5uniifi Dr. David Wallrj
Perm Confer once Computer Ctub GreenuiBfl, SC 2%07 Van Worth. TX 76112
Tcmprrionci:. Ml 431B2 Scaantlin Commodore Users Group c/o Pann ConferPilCB ol SDA flu Jeanes ]M Speed
Gernlil CnrtM PO. Box211 720 Mmcura Ra (903)235-7922
VIC 20 Users Group
Dayton Awq f;omrnodoni Ub« Parks Sumimi. PA 18411 ReaOJna.PA 19611 The Executive Touch C-64 8i VIC 6416 BroohTiavon Trail
Qtsep CLlun lEcLehts Usuts Group Dnin H Knupu . i ■ . ■ . l\ Worth. TX 76133
I'OWKHl'lAY 115
hutg Arm Smtllll, WA 98109 MadijiGii Ana Comniodoru Usurs
USER GROUPS P.O Bon 324

Locus Grove, VA 22MB
RlchurU Bell
I'KT U^rs Group
Gioup
1552 Park St
Mlddleicm. Wl S3to2
IKOTaytoiAve N102
Michael Pail[« SeallV WA 98102 3idThura each month
(817) 316-1407 17031972-7195 KvTinotfi Tong JohnCaivin
LTTMOlb
CHUG (Commodore Houston Una Hodntry KeDw VIC Uiers Group (608) B31-4B5J
Spokann Commodore U»[ Group
Group) (801) 77e-ma) JU 2 Snvpui
(SOUQ)
B73S Wiltllomni Lynchburg. VA 24601 PO Hoi ?,WM
Noilhafii Utah VIC ft (H Ueeis c/oN 310EnyinonH #1
llounlcm. TX 77088 Dick Hosstgnol SpOtolul WA99206 Milwriulnifl. Wl 63221
OfGUP
John Wafttii San wiuio Theoilore J Polazynslu
P.O Bon 533 Wnuhlntjion Arm C-64 UG
(713) 669-3660
Gailand. UT8431! ale Kent Oardem School Blun Mountain Conimodaip Unas VIC-IOft 64 Ueoi Group
Savid Computer Qub 7426 Eldorado St dub 522 Wen ltorgen Dr.
312 West Alahsna McLean, VA 22012 lbS:oneSt Milwaukw. Wl 53217
Tha Commodois U»T3 Club
So0A2 3rdThars.c[raantn(n 7pra Walla Walla. WA 93362 Mr Wachtl
742 Taykn Avn
Houston. TX 77006 Mariln Simlh Kfiith Rude (414)476-8125
Ogdpn, IJT ft"Dfl
I3avi Jot (Lull (703) 523-1995 IS08) 625-54S2 Commodore 64 Soltware FAChringfi
Todd Woods KatJ
Miti-dtion CnmmotlotH Club Wuuluncjton Ar<wo C-64 (Hurko) Cnntial Waahington CoinmoOore Group
413 Chioolm Trrul PO Lux 93 Crfl"IH Gruup P O Bat in
22Jii WHtUngW Blvd
HtHSI. TX 70053 Ml Vornon. VA221Z1 FOB™ 10S37 Orwjgn. Wt 63575
Ogden. UT8-HU1
Garry Worrtotmnn Burks Library YUima, WA 98909 E J RownlHfg
JackFtack
1CUG (living Corr.rnodoia Unit Dick Jackson Sam Con CUS3H
Uiniah Diiin Conunodoifl User*
Gtoup) (703) 360*74° (SO9I248-B193 3614 SovDIuiun Dr.
Club
3277 Noillwnri *1289 Peninsula CammodorD 64 Uhfirs Hacirw, Wl 53406
[' O Box 1102 VraST VIROIH1A
living. TX 750H2 Group 3rd Saturday ol month
BOOSBVdt, UT S4D66
Robert H<iY« 12*1 Burnham Place Ptiisolial Compatei Club Tim Tremmel
2nd ft 4th Thun^dny al month
(214) 252-7017 UewjBtt Wews. VA 23606 P 0 Box 1301 (414)564-0169
Terry Kali
PichardG Wilmath Chiirinnsn. WV 2S325
Lent/view Ustfrs Group WAUkosha Area Commodore [tar
Mouniam Computer Socioiy Cam Cravens
PO Bin 2504 |8O4) 5H6-7315 Gtoup (WACUG)
PO BoxllM
Lontjviow. TX 75606 N'urTolk liters Gruu? TnSiAte Commodau Usero 2M1IZW Bioutwsy
S»ndy. UT B4M1
Joyce Popo 1030 Wtst 43ld St 1M 73 3'um Hill Eetata ■.V.nlii" l,:i '.VI i.jltu
Dqvq Tignm
(214) 7BS-MM Norfolk. VA 23508 K'lliovn, WV 25630 W.ilifr Sadie:
Tho VICIIO Mmc i [utlon (414) M7-0301
South PLiurif. hW Uflisi,4 Group Lrirjy Paarwn
799 PondoTO.'ifl U[
7709 AvtfiU* 'W 4S9-B292 Wl Anao ol VIC/64 Enthusiasts
Sandy. UT 84070
Luhbcdt. TX 7S423 NnrthwriVAPETUMrs Commodore Computer Club (W.A.VE)
Surje Graham
JoLn N bottoms 2045 Eatans Cnun 203 Ljghtnm Ave PO Box 641
VIC 20 UaaiB Lewisbuig. WV 24901
(BC6) 745-4331 Keiton VA 22091 Waidtestu. Wl 531S7
32flKcrJi Chrti Apperson lst&3ldFll
VIC Uswc G:oup BobKarjen
Smitniield UT B433S (H03I 860-8116 (304)645-1150 Anne'.'fi U
3317 54th St
Davp DgCoifio (414)771-7016
Logan Computer Club
Lubtock TO 79413 VIC Uaera Qroup
VEBWONT lU12l(niviirtlR.I PO I1OK4R0 < Mil ;
1110 Taxnn Avu
Riclimond. VA 23228 lJXI«n, WV 25601 1017 KillHurri Avb.
Moil, TX 7WS64 EuiJLngton Aeon CommndotB Uiera
DonBle L Thompson lotTufl"! ol monthtii 7pm Waul Bund Wl 63095
JaroeaMoalun Group
CR Wiliun 2mlWi>a ^4lhThurB
(817) 876-2710 :.' .-, PACE Commodaro Uhh Gcoup
Commorion Home Uboih Group - Richard Kohn IE) 334-2494
SouihBmlinaton. VT0M02 4726 Horseman Di
Commodoro Commie* Club (C3l HI Lynwood Ava (414)338-1609 0
Steve Tjppert RonnoMe, VA 24019
2217 N Sunnier
Lury Rarrôw WhoelinQ. WV 2EOT3
WYOMING
Pampa. TX 79065
(703) 362-3960 Alicfc Shipley
Duory Dthr'r Thurs. 7 pm. VIRGINIA Camincdwin Users Cluh
(304) 212'6362
Randy Mills CnpitoL Area Commodora c/o Video Station
Alexandra Usvra Group
006) 665-3444 Enthusiasts WISCONSIN 650 North 3itl *B
1206 WfBlgiavo Kvd
P I In nfy Library CLUI1 34 Luemta. WY 82070
Aleundlia VA 22M7
2312 Tanoto Veil Gl M Douobu Ave Potnolo Nash
2421 MWniQht ■■ r: ::■--.::: - :.
Vwnnn. VA 221B0 Calodunm. Wl 53108 (307) 721-5908
Piano. TX 7M76 Fronccnu Cocnmodora 2nd Sot ol month { 1 2rul Sot nvuy month 10 Jnck White
S G Giodin AUSTRALIA
Group Dun Swuuiey (414) B36-4645 pm
SCOPE J Marshall Libroiy f/03) 93B-6313 VIC-UPS Computer Usels Gtoup
P.O Pi™ 3006 Ctuppowa Vnlley Caroiuudore 64
62(0 Rose Hill Dr 1 Jubilne St
Tldomts Commotloiu Ustirs Users Group
Kichardaon. TX 75063 AJnaandm. VA 22310 South Penh 8161
Group
2ndEa: ol roonlh @ 1 620 Wost Central St
3rd Tues. □( month 2nd6 4"JlTuE3 at 7
4917WeatgroueRd Chlppewa Falls. Vn 54729
P.O Bo* 662 Mark Sowash PetPT Pragrove
ViTflima Beach, VA 234S5 Loo Lou
San Antonio TX78293 f7O3) 971-6021 09-367-9505
Larry Wiiliflmfl Arlington VICUmo (20/64J WAV1CUPS[V1C2O'CBMM
NASA VIC 20 Ueei Group Vicky Badger Club
EntGlEncn Computor Club Ailingi™ Csmm unity Centei Usrnsj
713 V«k WarvildfOl 282b Kiv.-l Ullkjn
!!14 Ninth Knbliwa •ibOl Arljnatnn Blvd 14 Ol-ngmill Dr.
Yoikuiwn. VA 23602 CotUiiwOiove, Wl 53627
Snn Antonio. TX 78207 Aiuntrton, va nrtw Floruut lhuik 1j()14
HkOM Hamilton Uoorui) Coapel
ME Gmis SnilWal cl monlh fiJ1 7 p.m BJ Cuok
CliltonM Qloduey WASHINGTON IV tjiu Clairo CBM64 Usura 03-387 563*
The Greet Northwest CBM in
(703) 524 0236 CM Diversily Group
Users Croup AUSTMA
B: b
6302 Wa! Hawk Dr WC20V]CtlJIia 18204 - 67lh Ave.
Eau ClMIB. Wl 547D3 Commodoie Useia Club
San Antonio. TX 7E238 ■1301 Cduciliii PAe #410 Arlingion, Wft 3BZ23
John SlavBky Pts-Jach W26
Bandy Arlinaton, VA 222M Jill Johnsuin
(71b) B74-5572 SoIibuiLT, AuiiUiu
Mihe Spenqel (206)435-4530
D A. Kinaa
(703) 920-0513 Milwnukoe Area CUM84
Commodore Useia Gioup Usorc Group
(0G2) 222-5.191
Dale City Cotnmodrcrn LT&«i* Group 803 Eutliu1 Way EnOnuiwila (MACE)
(424 BorJvlii* SI
P O Boi 340 BAHAMAS
Sulphur Eprinns, TX 75482 4303 Konlngwiv eh CmmiS, WA 88531
EbnOrov*. Wl 63122
: .. v Dole CWf. VA 22193 ilieh Beslwi CommodGie Computer Club
Kevin Wikle
Per. Sullivan , ■ ■■--'. Co Syntax CorporflUon
PET U M GlOcjp (4H) J59-5991
(703) 690-W9B Kbit Lewis CommodoiD Computer P O Boi ra«0
TflHis ASM
133 Beverlcy BJ Club Pmii-cl-20 FiBepuit. BBhamas
Microcomputer Club
!■ O. Box 359 PA SuiHoiiI
Teaas A ft M. TX Danville, VA 24641 Onariins 2E31-A
Elm C-IDve. Wl 53122 (809) 352-2497
John Hnv^n David Gray Fort Lewis, WA9B433
PENTAF (PcntBoon) Ut a 3id Thuia. (ji17 Cnmronay64
Tiia Wcodliimls Commodore Uidru CANADA
Jim Utchfteld 2583 H™n Bd
Group 9912 Coiony Rd Arua Haclteia
|2M) 964-1444 Gram Bay. Wl M3O3
3 Splmock B' I Fairfax. VA 22030
Jnll Schwudai Arv.i. Onuitlo NOM 1C0
Thn Wcodlanai. IX 77380 RniphPool" Whuibsy [stand Commodon;
(41-1) 430-1619 D Urcii
Anclipw Gmdnei (703)273-1337 Campuier Club
SH7N. Bunauglis Avfl SWITCH. FWlumu Dim In Ueet Group IBUO)
{7131192-B9B7 CcimmDdDio Ubihb of t'lfinUui
(Jik liorBor. WA M2T7 WlbU NB034 PiJomn Fill 5B Stool El
QDMTMdl Ctiminodote Umirw 1201 II. HlahBl, Bnrrlo. Ontnriu MM 2E9
MichiinlD Clark Miiihiiiioiuhj Falls. WI53H!il
QiOlip Fianklul. VA23BS1
Leu Luts Bonnyvllle VIC Cursors
417 lima Ot D Hmce I'awcll Computer Club
(414) 2SS-7D44 Box MM
Victona. TX 77901 (804) 562-6823 iVO Honeywell
K03 ShilsSolii Avo ManomoniQ Area Commodora Bonnyvllln Alfcerw TOA OLD
[T.epta twice a mcaih
Ed WKtchen
Swllle.WA99107 Uwrn Group
PO
Art Witboek (403)826-3992
Fiedeiic**uig. VA 22402
(206)789-20<O Menomonlo. W! 6471.1 Btackviiki Usorfl Group (BUG)
SholkM Asoo
UTAH Mikir WiDinma 72MunaySl.
StHVHrj NuilhcUU NW pet Urn Qioup
Thu Conifflodoio (703)371-4191 2MB Dtrnci N 3203 {716)235 4887 Iliockviilu. OoUuM K6V 2X1
116 FKHRL'ARY7MAKCH'H5
Bill Muxwnll [HBJB81-B05S (GM| 36B 9970
CCCC (C.inndian Commodore
CamputK Club)
c/o SmcUy Cammodcie
COMV1C
p o Box ifina
St Lauionl
Coinriwittoie CcrapuTi'i dulj
I'O Box 91164
WMt Vancouver. B.C. V7V 3N6
USER GH0UP5
■17 Ccacrmood Pla;e MaÊeal Quebec IML <Z2 (GW) 73B-3311 KOREA NORWAY
Celljaiy. Aibeiu T3H 1E1 C-64 Uwra Otoup ol Monueal PET Educates Croup Commodore Use:s Club VIC Club cl Knwgy
Roger Olnnsnn (C UC.QMI KPO Bo<1437
PO BnxflM
CHlgary Commode! it Uaeis Group KnowdonPO Bo»W2 Swtion A Seoul 17EO HUdm
37 Coslloridu<- Ur Montreal, QnnliwtOX 3X9 Winilnoi. OntaTln N!!A CL7 S. K elm .
Ciaty LeLnveJty SPAIN
Calgary. /utxntn T3J im WPUO MEXICO
John Hacmil Tim Pofjina Cînmoiluro Club 9 :iOO EnnuWllra Avc Club dn Ubuluioq do Commcdoje
Club do Uciuioe cJ Cuodaleui no 11-30A
Cambridge Commodoifi Umih 7fi Dolphin D<iy W:nn:pcg. Maniloua R2V 0H9
Retina. Sasl! SIS WM Sigma del Notie Cailagenn
Gsuup Laiiv Nmifald
Mill del Volte Angel Fuemei Pciille
c/o Badcock & WiScok OibJana LTd EH Janes
NoVB SmEia Commcdoia
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Editor, INPUT/OUTPUT
POWERPLAY 117
PROCRnmmER Continued from Pg. 71
said I would love to but I didn't think I chose to use sprites to create the many as 64 sprites on the screen at
that I was ready to start my own bases on the edge, the player, the the same time. He has 32 sprites in
project. He said not to worry; he player's missile, the blue gear and the his version of Satan's Hollow
wouldn't start me on something that I little guy who skits across the screen. To make my multi-sprite routine as
wasn't ready for. This was the begin That left the eight deadly missiles as simple as possible, I made the bases
ning of the development of the Com characters. Following this decision, I characters, the player and his missile
modore 64 version of SoSai Fox. got down to heavy programming. two regular sprites, and had the little
I started playing that game more I believe that the player movement guy and the blue gear share a sprite.
and more often but nothing more was is the most important part of an The remaining five sprites are multi-
said about when I would start, or if it arcade-style game, What good are spnted to make the eight red things.
would be my project, fancy graphics if the player can't con
At that time, Rick Cotton was trol his man? I wrote three different The Final Hurdle
working on Gorf, Jeff Bruette on joystick routines before I had one that Things went smoothly for a few
Wizard of Wor, Andy Finkel on feit good with the Commodore months, until I ran into my next big
DragonsDen, Bill Hindorff on joystick. It's funny how that works problem. I was working on the chal
Blueprint, and Cyndie Merten on a because, although 1 have many lenge rack patterns. The trouble was
demo cartridge. That left Dave brands of joysticks, I still prefer the that no matter how hard 1 tried, I
Holmes and myself working on sub Commodore for Solar Fox because the couldn't get lar enough into the game
routines for different projects. routine was written with that tight to see the last four patterns. We
A month later, Cyndie Merten had rigged a freeze switch so that if I got
feel in mind. (As you may have no
finished the demo and John Mathias ticed by now, I write most routines far enough. I could freeze the game
decided that either she or I should many times before I like the way they then copy the pattern, but I just
start Solar Fox. Cyndie and I resolved couldn't get far enough.
look or react.)
the problem in a professional manner. When you turn on the Bally/
We flipped a coin and I won.

Disaster Overcome Midway machine in our arcade room,
About half way through the project, the initials in the high score page
Converting Solar Fox I realized that my major decision read "DESIGNED BY ARCADE ENGI
When we do a game conversion. about sprites was wrong. I had the NEERING." So 1 called the Engineers.
Bally/Midway gives us an arcade ma bases moving and animated, the After 1 explained my dilemma, they
chine and the instruction manual fuzors plotted and being erased by sent new ROMs to me. These ROMs
That is all. The method we use is to the player, and the player moving had a patch which turned off the bad
play the game as much as possible to smoothly when I realized that I had red things. This meant that I could
learn all the features. Then we start run into a brick wall. The deadly mis play as far as I needed to without
duplicating what we see and feel in siles just wouldn't look good in char dying. I quickly got the rest of the
the original game, so it comes out the acter graphics. I was able to move challenge rack patterns.
same on the computer. those red things without any trouble.
In fact, I had boxes flying across the I Become a Game
I started by designing the back
ground screen. I knew from the ma screen. But as soon as I tried to ani Programmer
chine that I needed a grid that was 12 mate them, everything fell apart If I About a month before my deadline,
across and 11 down. 1 also knew that included the grid in each red thing, it I was asked if 1 was still on schedule.
it couldn't, look exactly like the origi took more than the allowable 256 As many of you know, there is no
nal because their screen is turned on characters. If 1 left the grid out, it such thing as a computer program
its side. I designed about six different looked bad. If I left the grid out and that is ready on time. But I was pretty
screens before I found one that would then OR'd in the grid when 1 put it on close. The only trouble was that I still
fit on a TV screen and still give the the screen, it took too much time and had about a month's worth of work—
feel of the arcade machine. You will made the game too slow. This prob if I didn't do the sounds. They really
notice that the bases on the top and lem meant throwing away two wanted this one on time so they had
bottom go across the score and the months of work. I was devastated. Cyndie Merten do the sounds. She
timer lines. This overlap is a compro However, after discussions with did an excellent job and I was lucky.
mise so I could make the grid taller, Andy Finkel, I decided to multi-sprite, When I put in her sound routine, there
The next thing I did was to make A multi-sprite routine is a way to were no major blow-ups. There were
the crucial decision about which ob make it look like there are more than just a few little problems.
jects would use sprites and which eight sprites on the screen. What I did Cyndie's work made Solar Fox a
would use graphic characters. A was to time my sprites with the raster first for the games group. It was on
sprite is a moveable block object. It beam that sweeps down the TV time. Well almost. It was actually two
can be moved across a background screen 60 times a second. I put the weeks late.
without destroying what is in the sprites at the top of the screen, the I'm officially a game programmer
background. A character can be raster draws them, then I move the now because I finished a project. I'd
moved on the screen but it will de sprites to the bottom before the beam like to thank the staff at Commodore
stroy a background. The 64 has eight gets there. The raster can then draw and Tom Gilbert from Arcade Engi
sprites available on any one screen. them again. Using this method, I neering for making the Commodore
Solar Fox has 16 moveable objects. have seen David Berezowski put as 64 version of Solar Fox possible. C
118 KEIJRUAIttV MARCH'85

LEGHl ISSUE5 Continued from Pg. 73
about "bugs" in the software itself.

A lawyer will be con
tain commercial rights. Some soft
There was a time when he could con ware packages, for instance, owe
centrate on property claims—say, the
loss of valuable data. But today he
cerned about whether a much of their value to the ownership
of certain publicity rights. For in
must keep an eye on possible claims
for personal injury as well, because
distributor or publisher stance, a hockey simulation game for
home computers may simulate the
software is now employed for diet must maintain certain performance of a named professional
control, exercise, first-aid assistance hockey player or players, or a financial
or biofeedback. Each of these sub marketing efforts in management program may be
jects can give rise to enormous claims marketed under the name of a nation
for misrepresentation, improper de order to keep their ally famous financial expert. The at
sign or breach of warranty.
Then, following the investigation of rights to a product torney must be certain that he has the
necessary releases and licenses be
potential liability claims, the lawyer fore he allows proceeding with this
will turn to ensuring your rights to the concern to those involved in any li type of product.
software. cense agreement, are the royalties. All the while, the attorney will be
Under copyright law, normally, the But beyond their payment and making sure that your rights are le
writer and designer of software is amount, the lawyer will also be wor gally in force Copyrighted software
considered the "author" and conse ried about minimum levels of royalty, should display a proper copyright no
quently the owner of the software. So He will also be concerned about tice on all physical storage media,
if the lawyer is satisfied that you are whether a distributor or publisher documentation, packaging, initial
the author, or that you have an ade must maintain certain marketing ef monitor displays and printed output.
quate assignment of rights from the forts in order to keep their rights to All copyright assignments and
author, this issue can be resolved a product. "work-for-hire" arrangements involv
quickly. On another track, you and the at ing independent contractors, should
But many software packages for torney may be concerned with what be properly documented as required
microcomputers are actually devel is called "derived software." Fre by the 1976 Copyright Act. Every per
oped by groups of people. So if you quently, a piece of software may be son or company who has had access
are one of several co-developers, each developed from previously licensed to trade secrets contained in the soft
of whom has nonexclusive rights to software and may carry legal ware should be subject to an ade
the software, you may be hamstrung. obligations that relate to the earlier quate confidentiality agreement,
You will not be able to enter into con software. For instance, software pub preferably in writing.
tracts with a distributor 01 publisher lishers often have options to publish With these many concerns taken
unless you have some arrangement upgraded or new releases. If your soft care of, plus a good many others that
among the co-developers. Suddenly ware is an upgrade or new version of will probably arise in individual situa
there may be many lawyers in the pic an existing product and thus falls tions, the lawyer will no doubt look up
ture—yours and those representing within that option, the option holder and smile contentedly. But, alas, not
your co-developers. And needless to could well be heard from as soon as to inform you that you are finished—
add, many lawyers at work do not make you attempt to go to market. rather, that you are ready to begin to
for harmony, dispatch or economy, That taken care of, and with barely go to market.
If you are going to market under a a pause for a deep breath, the law Now it is time for you to become a
license or contract of sale from the yer's investigation will plow ahead— licensor—to license a software dis
original owner, the lawyer will per this time considering the issue of tributor or publisher to market your
form a thorough scrutiny of all the trade secrets. The source code for the product. And once many legal ques
documents that prove the license or software {i.e., the programming lan tions arise. A list of those questions,
sale. He will particularly look for con guage in which the software was however, is too long for our purposes,
ditions or limitations, These are com written) may contain valuable confi here.
mon and they can be numerous. dential programming techniques and Nobody ever said taking software
For example, does it exclude cer tools—-in other words, trade secrets. to market would be easy But soft
tain channels of distribution—say, The owner of a copyrighted piece of ware is an infant industry, and a le
direct sales to corporations? What software does not necessarily own gally complex field to begin with. So
about geographical limitations'' Can these trade secrets that lie within the perhaps it is best for you to concen
you market your software everywhere software. Thus it is important to de trate on those potential millions at the
in this country'' What about overseas? cide the extent to which you, the cli end of the software rainbow. Cer
How about use? The license may be ent, control access to these trade tainly seeing a lawyer will take time.
limited to certain computers. secrets, especially when the trade se But it will not take forever The trip to
Another thing must be considered crets give the software package a the law office is surely worth the op
in every license—the future. What competitive edge over similar soft portunity that could await you. Other
rights do you have to new releases of ware marketed by other people. wise, how sad to have a product the
the software or upgraded versions? The continuing inquiry by the at market wants and to lose it because
Finally, and of course of the most torney then leads to the issue of cer of legal oversight. c
I'OWEKF'LAY 119
QUESTPROBE perfect cnmE
Continued from Pg, 77 Continued from I'y. 69
main character in yet another game. your game requires four steps: origi the most challenging and satisfying
Remember that everything men nality, using a popular computer, games are those which make you
tioned in this answer is subject to using the right programming lan think Introduce the element of strat
change, because Qucstpzobe is still a guage and sending in the required egy into your game There's no better
very young project, and very little has forms. Cretins can be dealt with, if way to give a game depth and lasting
actually been written. you know how to handle them. interest; except, perhaps, by giving
John: What was the biggest problem your audience the opportunity to ac
in programming the Commodore 64 TO SUMMARIZE quire knowledge by playing your
version of the Hulk game? If you intend to ever market a game. This doesn't mean that your
Scott: The primary problem of deal game, you probably want more than game must bo educational, although
ing with the Commodore 64 was disk simply being noticed. Give yourself it certainly can be—it means that
speed. We were able to obtain disk the best possible chance—not just for your game will be more satisfying to
speeds twice as fast as normal, so the acceptance but for smashing suc those who play it if they learn some
disk version of the Hulk game runs cess—by applying these guidelines thing new. Your game can impart
faster than anything on the market. They are. in fact, the very sugges tangible knowledge, like the facts you
John: How much time are you devot tions we at Epyx make to freelance learn in Trivial Pursuit, or it can be
ing to the Questprobe project? designers who inquire about submit more subtle. For example, when you
Scott: [ am devoting as much time to ting a new game to us, Using them play chess, you learn by exercising
Questprobe as needed. Usually my maybe you'll be the one who designs your powers of reasoning (whereas
day consists of working at the com that dream of every software acquisi most computer games exercise only
pany from nine to five, and program tions manager—the Perfect Com your wrist).
ming at home from five to midnight. I puter Game. The Razor's Edge. Make your game
think that you can now see why I The Language Barrier. The first challenging, but don't make it frus
don't have any hobbies. thing you need to know before you trating. Balance the difficulty on the
John: What is your programming start writing a computer game is The razor's edge, where winning seems
philosophy? Right Language. With all the fancy just out of reach but can be attained
Scott: My philosophy concerning high-level languages around these with a reasonable amount of effort.
programming is to keep your work days, you'd think you wouldn't have (When a game seems impossible,
fairly structured and orderly. Person to program your game in assembly frustration sets in.) A difficult game
ally. I prefer to use a bottom-up proce language. You'd think you could use can be made enjoyable if there are
dure, as opposed to a top-down BASIC, PASCAL, or maybe even plateaus for the player to reach along
method of programming. FORTH, The bad news is that game the way. Your game probably ought
John: What suggestions would you companies demand assembly lan to have increasing levels of difficulty;
give to someone playing the first guage, with very few exceptions. The at the very least, it should have new
Ouestpiobe game? good news is that if you can program challenges and unexpected twists
Scott: To get the most out of the in BASIC, you can probably learn as and turns during the course of play-
games, the player should examine ev sembly language without spilling any Abracadabra. Remember that a
erything that he finds, and try to find blood (well, very little, anyway). computer game is nothing more than
a use for these items. Also, a little Sour Milk. There are dozens of an illusion, To make the illusion be
common sense will go a long way in games around that look alike. It's a lievable, you must convince the
solving the mysteries of Questpiobe. familiar stoty. Someone "borrowed" player that the world in your game is
John: If you had to quit programming the idea of somebody else's hit game real. You can give your game great
tomorrow, how would you like to be instead of milking his own creative sound and graphics to enhance its
remembered by computer users? juices. Stale ideas make stale games. believability, but you don't have to
Scott: I would hope that people If you want to sell your game to a stop there. Give your game a person
would remember that I have made publisher, make it original. This is ality. Make it seem intelligent.
many contributions to the micro one of the first questions publishers Breathe life into your game and the
computer industry, I was the first per will ask when they look at your game, illusion will be complete.
son to write an adventure game for a Is it original? Hello, Friend. Most important of all,
microcomputer. I created Adventure On Dragon's Wings. A good way to a good game should be like a good
International in 1977. which is the create a winning, original idea is to friend: easy to get along with. Long
oldest software publishing house sell explore the fantasies that people have lists of commands that must be en
ing to the retail market that I know of. in commoiv driving a sleek, high tered on the keyboard are confusing
1 also wrote the fust adventure game speed racecar. battling for truth, jus frustrating and unnecessary. A
that was task-oriented, as opposed to tice and freedom in distant galaxies, friendly game can be played with
just gathering treasures. Finally, I or soaring over a medieval landscape nothing but a joystick. Use a menu
hope that people would remember on dragon's wings. A game should let with a pointer to handle command
that,I've tried to give them software you escape reality, and the most suc options and avoid using the keyboard
that they would enjoy, and that I de cessful games touch on fantasies that unless it adds to the "world" you're
termine what they want by talking all of us share. trying to create (as in a text adven
wii.h as many users as possible. C Matters o! Gray Matter. Some of ture). C
120 l-KHKUAKY/MAHCIl'85
NEWS
POWER PLAY'S FROM THE BACK
LOGO
Board Game
LOGOTUiLE is a board game designed to help children ages Sve through 12 learn ' ■
the most commonly used graphics commands in LOGO. No computer is needed to fl
play the game and no prior computer experience is necessary. The game board is
designed to simulate a computer monitor and the actions of the LOGO turtle.
% playing LOGOVTT.LE. children are helped to master 12 computer programming
commands and the concepts associated with them. The game ia fully compatible
with virtually all versions of the LOGO language.
LOGOVTLLE was developed by Dr. Brian Campbell, a university psychology
professor and president of Tuttle Products. The game has been tested in preschools
and elementary schools in Florida and is the first of a series of educational computer
products featuring TUTTLE the turtle.
LOGOVILLE is ideal for home or classroom use. Educators with limited computer B
resources will find the product especially beneficial in helping introduce children to [j 24
LOGO and promoting computer literacy. Parents will find the game to be an exciting fl
off-the-computer activity for young children C El
Starmaze Now Available for the Commodore 64

Dlr-Tech Software has announced the release of its Starmaze arcade-style game for the Commodore 64.
Starmaze requires the player to maneuver a spaceship through a series of sixteen complex multi-colored mazes to recover
nine power jewels in each maze. The mazes scroll smoothly across the screen in both horizontal and vertical directions so—In
contrast to most other maze games—the Starmaze player's spaceship remains in the center of the screen while the maze
moves past It, increasing the sense that the player is traveling with the ship.
In addition to the ship, each maze is populated by a variety of dangerous or hostile objects which the player must avoid or
destroy. The maze passages are much larger than the ship and since the maze walls are elastic, the ship and other objects
bounce if they hit the walls, creating extraordinary effects. q
Software for Sports Lovers

/"I et rea^y for the P.GA next year with Adventure International's
VJTnewest software package Golf Championship. Created by
Englishman John G. Horan, Golf Championship Is a brilliant high-
resolution golf simulation available for the Commodore 64.
Everything but the 19th hole is included in this game. Challenge
your friends by designing the course of your iirp.fl.TnR (sand traps
included) or play on one of the two premade courses. Player options
include selecting the club of your choice, adding a hook or a slice to
your swing and playing with three others at once.
This game requires strategy, judgement and skill and can help
novice golfers Improve their golf game. It is an enjoyable game for
both young and old sports enthusiasts. C
Jury Trial II Released for the Commodore 64

Twy Trial H, recent^ nominated by Electronic Games magazine for best multi-player computer game is now being
V shipped for the Commodore 64.
The computer simulation casts its players In the roles of prosecutor and defense attorney, while the computer plays Judge
and jury. The players select jurors from a pool of hilarious characters and battle to convince the jury to convict or acquit the
SUSpGCL
I'OWKKPUV 121
NEWS
Dot Matrix Printer

E rgo Systems of Menlo Park, California, has introduced a low cost, 80-column dot matrix
thermal printer. Carrying a suggested list price of $159.99 complete with interface and cable,
the HUSH 80 portable thermal printer features 80-column bidirectional printing at 80
characters per second, graphics at 4800 dots per square inch and a weight of only 28 ounces,
making it the lightest portable printer available.
The HUSH 80 is offered in three models, each of which can be equipped with a built-in
rechargeable nickel-cadmium battery pack as an option. The model HUSH 80CD provides
direct interfacing to the Commodore line of computers. The HUSH SOP is a Centronics-type
parallel interface version, while the HUSH SOS provides a serial HS232 interface. All HUSH 80
models typically include the interface, interface cable, 100-foot roll of thermal paper ready for
uae and a nine-volt AC wall transformer with power cable.
Intro to Telecommunications
I,M-Press of Ann Arbor, Michigan, has released the book 1-Hour Telecomputing for any computer owner who wants to tap into the vast
information networks but needs to learn the basics.
The book describes the RS-232 board and UART operation and why you need them, the purpose of terminal programs and features to look
for, the difference between dumb and smart terminal programs, and what a modem is and why you need it It also includes a glossary of terms,
ASCII control codes, characters and their functions, appendices and a table of telecomputing resources.
Commodore 64 Tutorial
X rogressive Peripherals fif Software, located in Denver. Colorado,
has released The Professor, an educational tutorial designed to
familiarize the user with basic functions available on the 64. On-
screan illustrations, sound effects and full-color interactive
graphics make learning easy. The program also provides an in-
depth analytical approach to BASIC, the keyboard, sound and
simple or advanced graphics.
Software for the Auto

Racer and Restorator
Vjar Soft of Tempe, Arizona, has announced two new programs for
the Commodore 64, Auto Racer's Diary and Automobile
Restoration Record, aimed at the personal enjoyment of
automobiles.
The Auto Bacer'B Diary is written for the amateur or
professional race car driver who wishes to maintain records and
statistics of racing activity throughout the season. Input includes over 30 race-day details such as times, speeds, distances, track expenses
and chassis configurations.
The Automobile Restoration Record is for the enthusiast involved in a classic car restoration project who wishes to maintain records
for insurance purposes or for simply following the car's history, car show activity and dollar investment throughout their ownership.
122 miltUARY/MAUCH '85

NEWS
Safety Software
JVJLaximus of McLean, Virginia, announces the release of Safetyline for the Commodore 64,
educational software aimed at children ages four to eight. Narrated by Max the Cat and
featuring a little boy named Sam, Safetyline teaches lessons about traffic safety and what to
do when lost. Through the Interactive games, children also develop memory retention,
spelling, vocabulary and problem-soiving skills.
Sjfutyline teaches youngsters
about traffic safety.
TheOame otSata Processing requires both math and leadership skills,
Data Processing Career Game

interested in learning about a career In data processing? Learning Innovations of Depew, New York, has released the Game of Data
Processing, a board game designed for students, parents, educators and computer hobbyists who want to learn what data processing
has to offer.
Combining the basic skills of programming, mathematics, accounUng, analysis, leadership and teamwork in a strategy game, the Game of
Data Processing introduces the player to the concepts, symbols and terms related to the computer environment. It does not require a
computer to play.
Kitchen Companion for the Commodore 64

'oncept Development Associates of Bethesda, Maryland, has announced that Micro Kitchen Companion is now available for the 64.
Micro Kitchen Companion is part of a series which includes Micro Wine Companion, Bar Companion and Travel Companion.
This program allows the owner to add recipes, edit existing recipes, index printed collections and create new recipe disks. It supports up to
seven disk drives op hard disk volumes. Minimum requirement is one disk drive; number of recipes stored is limited only by the
hardware used
WWERl'LW 123
GLITCH FIK
OctoberlNovember 1984 December/January
Our Users' Most Asked Questions Musical Sprites
On page 18, the author mentions a free program avail A few small corrections to this program will enhance
able from Commodore for producing an 80-column your enjoyment of it:
screen on the Commodore 64 when you are working
with a modem. This program does exist, but it is not
available from Commodore. Rather, it has been donated
PROGRAM: PLAYER FIX.CS
to the public domain by Frank Prindle and Eric Levitsky
12 IF X<0 THEN POKE VI,
and can be downloaded from the Commodore Informa
WF(0)AND 254'FNFF
tion Neiwork on CompuServe if you have downloading
13 IF Y<0 THEN POKE V2,
software.
WF(1)AND 254'FNIG
You can find the program by typing GO CBM 310 at
14 IF Z<0 THEN POKE V3,
any CompuServe prompt. This will cake you to the Pro
WF(2)AND 254'FNLH
gramming SIG. At the SIG's main menu, type XA7,
Then, at the access menu, type BRO TERM80,*. which
38 IF 0KB THEN 01 = 256-(01 + 12)
:GOT0 38'HRBP
will allow you to view both the program and its docu
39 IF 02<U THEN 02=256-(02+12)
mentation.
:G0T0 39'HRFQ
40 IF O3<0 THEN O3=256-(O2+12)
OctoberlNovember 1984 :GOT0 40'HRZI
VIC/64 Utility
The author writes that two minor errors appear in the
program listing for the 64. First, line 20 should be de
December/January
leted It has no effect on the operation of the program
and was left in by mistake, Second, in line 770 the Sound Effect Library
character that appears as the numeral 2 should ba the If you ended up with some strange visual effects,
graphic character that results from pressing the Com that's because lines 380-1000 (beginning at the bottom
modore logo key and the numeral 7 key together. The of page 48) were accidentally picked up from the "VIC-
purpose is to return the 64 to power-up mode—light O-Lantem" program we ran in October/November. You
blue characters on a dark blue background. can leave them out of the "Sound Effects" program
October/November December/January
Houseplant for the 64 Glitch Fix: Appointment Calendar
Author Marilyn Sallee writes: The VIC 20 version of the "Appointment Calendar" is
In answering a letter that Power/Play forwarded to me not a stand-alone program Rather, it is composed of the
concerning "Houseplant for the 64," I found a potential lines you must change in the Commodore 64 version in
glitch in the program. Line 190 may not appear to fit order to use the calendar on the VIC 20. Substitute the
within the required 80 characters. If you leave out all lines in the VIC 20 version for the same-numbered lines
spaces and use the abbreviated form of GOTO, it just in the version for the 64.
barely fits. If this is too cumbersome, break line 190 into:
PROGRAM: HOUSE PLANT MX
190 A=-(CS = ','W")-2*(C$ = "F"}"3*(C$="L"
-4*{C$="R")-5*(C$="D")
191 ON A GOTO 200,31)0,400,500,1000
10 PRINT"T;:L-e:O0
December/January 20 ElfWK 16) ■ FORX-1T016 ■ RERPfl*<X) i NEXT
New Kid on the Block 30 F0RV-1TO16STEP4
4? Tai^FORX"1
The short program for the 50 pRiHT"a";
C16 Jim mentions in the 60
text was left out. 70 FORZ-lTnSiC0L0R1,X,L-Z■ IFZO3THENP9INTTPp<TV0 "!GGT099
The program follows; 80 PRIHTTflB'T)"* "+P*(X>+" "

90 NEXT
100 T-T+10;L-R■NEXT!C-C+6:NEXT iCOLOR!-1
119 OETKEYRS
120 S-S*i:SL-
!3e PRINT'-JCOLOR "p.«<SC>."LU!rSL"T
14R IFSLMTHEN00TQ119
130 COLOR0j2>7'END
1<58 DfTflBLOK.WHIT,RED ,CVflH.PURP.GREW.BLUE.VELl-ORGN.BRUN,VGRN.P!W,BGRN
170 EftTRLBULDBUXLGRN
124 raHKUAKY/MAHCH 'H5

HOW TO EI1TER PROGRHmS in Power/Play
The programs which appear in this vice-versa. Check for semicolons and for missing commas or other typos.
magazine have been run. tested and colons reversed and extra or missing If the variable is not coming from
checked for bugs and errors. After a parenthesis. All of these things will data statements, then the problem
program is tested, it is printed on a cause a syntax error. will be a little harder to find. Check
letter quality printer with some There is only one time a syntax er each line that contains the variable
formatting changes. This listing is ror will tell you the 'wrong' line to look for typing mistakes.
then photographed directly and at. If the line the syntax error refers to
printed In the magazine. Using this has a function call (i.e., FN.A(3)), the OUT OF DATA ERROR
method ensures the most error-free syntax error may be in the line that This error message is always re
program listings possible. defines the function, rather than the lated to the data statements in a pro
Whenever you see a word inside line named in the error message. Look gram. If this error occurs, it means
brackets, such as [DOWN], the word for a line near the beginning of the that the program has run out of data
represents a keystroke or series of program (usually) that has DEF FN items before it was supposed to. It is
keystrokes on the keyboard. The word A(X) in it with an equation following usually caused by a problem or typo
[DOWN| would be entered by press it. Look for a typo in the equation part in the data statements. Check first to
ing the cursor-down key. If multiple of this definition. see if you have left out a whole line of
keystrokes are required, the number data. Next, check for missing com
will directly follow the word. For ex ILLEGAL QUANTITY ERROR
mas between numbers. Reading data
ample, |DOWN4j would mean to press This is another common error mes
from a page of a magazine can be a
the cursor-down key four times. If sage. This can also be caused by a
strain on the brain, so use a ruler or a
there are multiple words within one typing error, but it is a little harder to
piece of paper or anything else to help
find. Once again, list the line number
set of brackets, enter the keystrokes you keep track of where you are as
directly after one another. For exam that the error message refers to.
you enter the data.
There is probably a poke statement
ple, |DOWN,RIGHT2| would mean to
press the cursor-down key once and on this line, If there is, then the error OTHER PROBLEMS
then the cursor-right key twice. is referring to what is trying to be It is important to remember that
poked. A number must be in the the 64 and the PET/CBM computers
In addition to these graphic sym
bols, the keyboard graphics are all range of zero to 255 to be poke-able. will only accept a line up to 80 charac
represented by a word and a letter. For example, the statement POKE ters long. The VIC 20 will accept a
The word is either SHFT or CMD and 1024,260 would produce an illegal line up to 88 characters long. Some
represents the SHIFT key or the Com quantity error because 260 is greater times you will find a line in a program
than 255. that runs over this number of charac
modore key. The letter is one of the
letters on the keyboard. The combina Most often, the value being poked ters. This is not a mistake in the list
tion [SHFT E] would be entered by is a variable {A.X...). This error is tell ing. Sometimes programmers get so
holding down the SHIFT key and ing you that this variable is out of carried away crunching programs
pressing the E. A number following range. If the variable is being read that they use abbreviated commands
the letter tells you how many times to from data statements, then the prob to get more than 80 (or 88) characters
type the letter. For example, |SHFT lem is somewhere in the data state on one line. You can enter these lines
A4.CMD B3) would mean to hold the ments. Check the data statements by abbreviating the commands when
SHIFT key and press the A four times,
then hold down the Commodore key
CHART OF SPECIAL CHARACTER COMMANDS
and press the B three times.
jjj"|KOME]" = UNSHIFTEDCLR/HOME fl "IPURPLEI" -CONTROL5 Q ■™j»-n
The following chart tells you the
keys to press for any word or words
SHIFTED CLR/HOME [1 "[GREENf "CONTROLS <S »jRjj»-p8
inside of brackets. Refer to this chart jj] ' IDOWN]" =CUHEOR DOWN 9 ■ [BLUE!11 "CONTROL7 H "JFal'1 —F3
whenever you aren't sure what keys n "lUP]11-CURSOR UP M "|YELLOW]" = CONTROL8 fl^F-V-M
to press. The little graphic next to the I "[RIGHT!" - CURSOR RIGHT ] "(ORANGE]"-COMMODORE 1 II ..„.,._f5
keystrokes shows you what you will II "[LEFT]" -CURSOI! LEFT P -IBHOWN]"-COMMODORE2 Bj "|F6]"-Ffl
see on the screen. fi-'lL RED]"-COMMODORE3 |J"|F7|"-F7
SYNTAX ERROR 1 P8|n
This is by far the most common jj] "tBLACKl"-CONTROL I 1 "[GRAY2]" -COMMODORE 5 J£J"[POUNDr = ENGLISH
error encountered while entering a g'1iWHrrE]-1-CONTROL2 I] "|L. OREEN1"-COMMODORE 6
program. Usually (sorry folks) this H "[REDr'-CONTnOLa ] "|L. BLUE!" - COMMODORE 7
means that you have typed some y ■■iCYANI"-CONTHOL4 j [CRAY3]--COMMODORES Sj rr-up arrow
thing incorrectly on the line the syn
tax error refers to. If you get the GRAPHIC SYMBOLS WILL BE REPRESENTED AS EITHER THE LETTERS
message "?Syntax Error Break In Line SHFT (SHIFT) AND A KEY ("[SHFT Q.SHFT J.SHFT D.SHFT S]11) OR THE
270". type LIST 270 and press RE LETTERS CMDR (COMMODORE) AND A KEY ("[CMDR Q CMDR
TURN. This will list line 270 to the G.COMDR Y,CMDR HI"). IF A SYMBOL IS REPEATED, THE NUMBER OF
screen. Look for any non-obvious mis REPITITIONS WILL BE DIRECTLY AFTER THE KEY AND BEFORE THE
takes like a zero in place of an 0 or COMMA ("[SPACE3,SHFT S4,CMDR M2)r:).
POWKRHUY 125
how to conro How to Use the Magazine
you enter the line. The abbreviations
for BASIC commands ate on pages Entry Program
133-134 of the VIC 20 user guide and
tho line.
130-131 of the Commodore 64 user's The Magazine Entry Program on
guide. page 127 is a machine language pro IMPORTANT
gram that will assist you in entering If the Magazine Entry Program sees
If you type a line that is longer than
the programs in this magazine cor a mistake on a line, it does not enter
80 (or 88) characters, the computer
rectly. It is for use with the Commo that line into memory. This makes it
will act as if everything is ok, until
dore 64 only and was written by Mark impossible to enter a line incorrectly.
you press RETURN. Then, a syntax
error will be displayed
Robin using the IEA Editor/Assem Error Messages and What
bler. Once the program is in place, it They Mean
THE PROGRAM WONT RUN!! works its magic without you having There are six error messages that
This is the hardest of problems to
to do anything else. The program will the Magazine Entry Program uses.
resolve; no error message is dis
not let you enter a line if there is a Here they are, along with what they
played, but the program just doesn't
typing mistake on it, and better yet, it mean and how to fix them.
run. This can be caused by many
identifies the kind of error for you. NO CHECKSUM: This means that
small mistakes typing a program in.
you forgot to enter the apostrophe and
First check that the program was Getting Started
the four letters at the end of the Ime.
written for the computer you are Type in the Magazine Entry Pro
Move the cursor to the end of the line
using. Check to see if you have left gram carefully and save it as you go
you ]ust typed and enter the checksum.
out any lines of the program. Check along (just in caso). Once the whole
QUOTE: This means that you for
each line of the program for typos or program is typed in, save it again on
got (or added) a quote mark some
missing parts. Finally, press the tape or disk. Now RUN the program.
where in the line. Check the line in
RUN/STOP key while the program is The word POKING will appear on the
the magazine and correct the quote.
'running'. Write down the line the top of the screen with a number. The
PARENTHESIS: This means that
program broke at and try to follow the number will increment from 49152 up
you forgot (or added) a parenthesis
program backwards from this point, to 50052, and just lets you know that
somewhere in the line. Check the line
looking for problems. the program is running. If everything
in the magazine again and correct the
is ok, the program will finish running
IP ALL ELSE FAILS and end. Then type NEW. If there is a
parenthesis.
KEYWORD: This means that you
You've come to the end of your problem with the data statements, the
have either forgotten a command or
rope. You can't get the program to program will tell you where to look to
spelled one of the BASIC keywords
run and you can't find any errors in find the problem.
(GOTO, PRINT..) incorrectly. Check
your typing. What do you do? As al Once the program has run, it is in
the line in the magazine again and
ways, we suggest that you try a local memory' ready to go. To activate the
check your spelling.
user group for help. In a group of even program, type SYS49152 and press
# OF CHARACTERS: This means
just a dozen members, someone is RETURN. When the READY prompt
that you have either entered extra
bound to have typed in the same pro is displayed, type TEST and press RE
characters or missed some charac
gram TURN. You are now ready to enter
ters. Check the line in the magazine
If you do get a working copy, be the programs from the magazine.
again. This error message will also
sure to compare it to your own ver
Typing the Programs occur if you misspell a BASIC com
sion so that you can learn from your
All the program listings in this mand, but create another keyword in
enors and increase you understand
magazine that are for the 64 have an doing so. For example, if you misspell
ing of programming.
apostrophe followed by four letters at PRINT as PRONT, the 64 sees the
If you live in the country, don't letter P and R. the BASIC keyword ON
the end of the line (i.e., 'ACDF). The
have a local user group, or you simply
apostrophe and letters should be en and then the letter T. Because it sees
can't get any help, write to us If you
tered along with the rest of the line. the keyword ON. it thinks you've got
do writG to us, include the following
This is a checksum that the Magazine too many characters, instead of a sim
information about the program you ple misspelling. Check spelling of
Entry Program uses.
are having problems with:
Enter the line and the letters at the BASIC commands if you can't find
The name of the program anything else wrong.
end and then press RETURN, just as
The issue of the magazine it was in
you normally would. UNIDENTIFIED: This means that
The computer you are using
If the line is entered correctly, a bell you have either made a simple spell
Any error messages and the line ing error, you typed the wrong line
is sounded and the line is entered into
numbers
the computer's memory (without the number, or you typed the checksum
Anything displayed on the screen
characters at the end). incorrectly. Spelling errors could be
A printout of your listing
If a mistake was made while enter the wrong number of spaces inside
Send your questions to: ing the line, a noise is sounded and quotes, a variable spelled wrong, or
Powei/Play Magazine an error message is displayed Read a word mispelled. Check the line in
1200 Wilson Drive the error message, then press any key the magazine again and correct the
West Chester. PA 19380 to erase the message and correct mistake. C
ATTN: Program Problem
12fl DECKMBER/JANUARY
Magazine Entry Program
1 PRINT " [CLEAR]POKING-" r
1053 DATA 41 ,52 ,45,4E ,54 ,48 ,45 ,53
5 P=49152 :REM SCOOO 1051 DATA 49 ,53 ,0(),C8 , Bl ,7A ,D0 ,FB
10 READ AS:IF AS=" END "THEr 80 10 52 DATA 34 ,FD ,C(),R9 ,10 ,03 ,4C ,C7
20 L =ASC(MIDS(AS,2 ,1) ) 10 53 DATA Cl ,08 ,88,83 ,88 ,88 ,B1 ,7A
30 H=ASC(MIDS(A$,l ,D ) 10 54 DATA C9 ,27 ,D0,13 ,A9 ,00 ,91 ,7A
40 L=L-48 : IF L>9 THEN L=L-7 1055 DATA C3 ,A2 ,00,B1 ,7A ,9D ,3C ,03
50 H=H-48 : IF H>9 THEN H=H-7 1055 DATA CO ,EB ,E0,O4 ,D0 ,F5 ,60 ,4C
60 PRINT" [HOME, RIGHT1 2]" P; "1057 DATA F2 ,C2 ,AO,S0 ,B9 ,00 ,02 ,99
70 B=H*16+L: POKE P ,B: T=T+B: P = P u 1058 . DATA 40 ,03 ,F0,F2 ,C8 ,D0 ,F5 ,A0
J GOTO 10 1059 DATA 00 ,B9 ,40,03 ,F0 ,E8 ,99 ,00
80 IF TO 103233 THEN PRINT" MIS FAKE IN '1060 DATA 02 ,C8 ,D0,F5 ,20 ,D7 ,C1 ,4C
DATA - -> CHECK DATA STATEMENTS": END 1061 DATA 56 ,C2 ,A0,OB ,A9 ,00 ,99 ,03
90 PRINT" DONE": END 1062 DATA CH ,3D ,3C,0 3 ,88,10 ,F7 ,A9
1000 DATA 4C ,23 ,C0 ,00 ,00 ,00 ,00 ,00 1063 DATA 80 ,35 ,0 2,20 ,C3 ,A0 ,00
1001 DATA 00 ,00 ,00 ,00 ,00 ,00 ,00 , OD 1064 DATA 20 ,9B ,C1,20 ^CA
,C1 ,20 ,31
1002 DATA 00 ,58 ,C1 ,5E ,C1 ,66 ,C1 ,76 1065 DATA C2 , E6 ,7A,E6 ,7B ,20 ,7C ,A5
1003 DATA Cl ,83 ,C1 ,8F ,C1 , EA ,EA , EA 1066 DATA AH ,00 ,20,AF ,F0 ,CD ,24
1004 DATA 4C ,83 ,C0 ,A2 ,05 ,BD , ID ,CB 1067 DATA 02 ,F0 ,06,20 'd7 ,C0 ,4C ,12
1005 DATA 95 ,73 ,CA ,10 ,F8 ,60 ,A0 ,02 1068 DATA C2 ,C9 ,2 2,DO ,06 ,20 ,BC ,C0
1006 DATA B9 ,00 ,02 ,D9 ,3C ,C1 ,D0 ,0B 1069 DATA 4C ,12 ,C2,20 ,E7 ,C0 ,4C ,12
1007 DATA 88 ,10 ,F5 ,A9 ,01 ,8D ,10 ,C0 1070 DATA C2 ,A0 ,00,B9 ,00 ,02 ,20 ,A3
1008 DATA 4C ,1F ,C1 ,60 ,A0 ,03 ,B9 ,00 1071 DATA C0 ,C8 ,90,OA ,18 ,6D 09 ,C0
1009 DATA 02 ,D9 ,38 ,C1 ,D0 ,E0 ,88 ,10 1072 DATA 8D ,09 ,C0,4C ,33 ,C2 ,88 , A2
«. IBIS. DATA F5 ,A9 ,00 ,8D ,10 ,C0 , 4r 7 1073 DATA 30 ,B9 ,00,02 , 9D ,00 C.2 ,F0
F ■* "
1011 DATA Cl ,60 ,A0 ,03 ,t!H ,02 ,D9 1074 DATA 04 ,E8 ,C8,D0 ,F4 ,60 18 ,AD
1012 DATA 34 ,C1 ,Dfl ,E0 ,88 ,10 , F5 ,A0 T075 DATA 0B ,C0 ,69,41 ,8D , OB CO ,38
1013 DATA 05 ,B9 ,A2 ,E3 ,99 ,73 ,00 ,88 1076 DATA AD ,0C ,C0,E9 ,19 ,90 06 ,8D
1014 DATA 10 ,F7 ,A9 ,00 ,8D ,18 ,D4 ,4C 1077 DATA 0C ,C0 ,4C,fiO ,C2 ,AD DC ,C0
1015 DATA IF ,C1 ,E6 ,7A ,D0 ,02 ,E6 ,7B 1078 DATA 69 ,41 ,8D,OC ,C0 , AD 05
1016 DATA 4C ,79 ,00 ,A5 ,9D , F0 ,F3 ,A5 1079 DATA 6D ,37 ,C0,48 ,AD ,06 C0 ,6D
1017 DATA 7A ,C9 ,FF ,D0 ,ED ,A5 ,7B ,C9 1080 DATA 03 ,C0 ,8D,0E ,C0 ,68 6D
1018 DATA 01 ,D0 ,E7 ,20 ,5A ,C0 ,AD ,00 1081 DATA CO ,8D ,0D,C0 ,AD ,0E CO ,6D
1019 DATA 02 ,20 ,A3 ,C0 ,90 rDC ,A0 ,00 108 2 DATA 09 C0 ,8D,0E ,C0 ,38, E9 ,19
102O 4C , EA ,C1 ,C9 ,30 ,30 ,06 C9
DATA 1083 DATA 90 05 8D.0E ,C0 4C, 96 C2
10JLL _eaj:a. »iJJ ,02 ,38 ,60 ,18 ,60 ,C8 1084 DATA AD 0E CO,69 ,41 3D, 0E CO
f0 2 2 DATA Bl ,7A ,C9 ,20 ,D0 ,03 ,C8 DO 1085 DATA AD OD 19 90, 06 3D
1023 DATA F7 ,B1 ,7A ,60 ,18 C8 ,B1 7A 1086 DATA OD CO 4C,AB C2 AD, OD Cfl
1024 DATA F0 ,35 ,C9 ,22 ,F0 F5 ,5D 05 1087 DATA 69 41 8D,0D CO AO, 01 AD
1025 DATA C0 ,8D ,05 ,C0 ,AD 06 ,C0 69
1088 DATA 0B CO CD,3C 03 DO, 20 CB
1026 DATA 00 ,8D ,06 ,C0 ,4C BD ,C0 18 1089 DATA AD 0C CO,CD 3D 03, DO 17
1027 DATA 6D ,07 ,C0 ,8D ,07 CO ,90 03 1090 DATA C8, AD (JD.CCl CD 3E, 03 D0
1028 DATA EE ,08 C0 FEE ,0B CO ,60 18 1091 DATA OE, AD OE,C0 CD 3F, 03DO
1029 DATA 6D 0A C0 ,8D 0A C0 ,90 03 1092 DATA 06 20 64,C3 4C 7A, CO AD
I' 0 3'0 DATA EE ,09 CO ,EE ,0C CO ,60 OA 1093 DATA 10, CO, DO,11 98, 48, 68. 4C
1031 DATA A8 ,B9 11 ,C0 ,85 FB ,B9 12 1094, DATA F7, CO, AD,10 CO, F0, 01, 60
1032 DATA C0 ,85 FC ,A0 ,00 A9 ,12, 20 1095 DATA A9, 04, 4C,F7 CO, A4, FD, A9
1033 DATA D2 FF Bl FB ,F0 06 20, D2 1096 DATA 27, 91. 7A,A2, 00, C8, BD, OB
1034 DATA FF C8 DO F6 20 54 C3, 20 10 97 DATA CO, 91, 7A,C8, E8, E0, 04,
' ■ i DO
1035 DATA 7E C3 20 E4 FF, Ffl FB, A0 1098 DATA F5, A9, 0 0,91, 7A, 20, 64, C3
1036 DATA IB B9 3F Cl 20, D2 FF, 33 1099 DATA 4C, 7A, C0,AO, 00, B9, 00, 0 2
1037 DATA ID F7 58 68 A9, 0 3 3D, 00 1100 DATA FO, 11, C9,2fl, DO, 03, EE, 03
1038 DATA 02 4C 74 A4 4B, 49 4C, 4C 1101 DATA CO, C9, 29,DO, 03, EE, 04, C0
1039 DATA 54 45 53 54 11, 44 44, 91 1102 DATA C8, DO, EA,AD, 03, Cfi, CD, 04
1040 DATA 91 0D, 20 20 20, 20 20, 20 1103 DATA CO, DO, 01,60, A9, 05, 4C, F7
■ <— j
1041 DATA 20 20, 2 0 20 20, 20 20, 20 1104 DATA CO, A9, 20,3D, 00, D4, 8D, 31
_JL04 2 DATA 20 20, 20 20 20, 20 91, 0D line. DATA D4, A9, 09,3D, 05, D4, A9, 0F
1043 DATA 51, 55, 4F 54, 45, 00, 4B, 45 11!! r, DATA 3D, is, D4,ro, 20, 41, C3, A'J
1044 DATA 59, 57, 4F, 52, 44, 00, 23, 20 1107 DATA 61, 20, 77,C3, A9, S'.), 20, 77
1045 DATA 4F, 46, 20, 43, 48, 41, 52, 41 1103 DATA C3, 4C, 71,C3, 20, 41, C3, A9
1046 DATA 43, 54, 45, 52, 53, 00, 55, 4E 1109 DATA 11, 20, 77,C3, A9, 10, 20, 7 7
1047 DATA 49, 44, 45, 4E, 54, 49, 45, 49 1110 DATA C3, A9, 0 0,3D, 04, D4 , 8D
1048 DATA 45, 44, 00, 4E, 4F, 20, 43, 43 1111 DATA 04, D4, A2,70, AO, 00 , 80, DO
1049 DATA 45, 43, 4B, 53, 55, 4D, 00, 50 1112 DATA FD, CA, DO,FA, END
I'OWERPLAY 127
HEHTmOnTH HDUERTISERS ihDEX
Reader
Watch For These Ad Index

Service
No.
Page
No.
Upcoming Issues Abacus Software

Academy Software
1.2,3 33.35.37
4 31
Accelerating Technologies 5 53
Commodore Microcomputers, March/April: Technical
Avalon Hill Game Company 6 21
editor Jim Gracely gives you an in-depth preview of
Batteries Included
I
7
Commodore's newest computer— the one you've all been
Cardco 7 cm
waiting for—the Commodore 128. Officially announced in
Cheatsheet Products 8 6
January, the Commodore 64's fully compatible big brother
Columbia Software Club ■
29
is causing quite a stir among users.
Commodore
•
CII-1,
ALSO IN THIS ISSUE:
10-11,
• An astronomer reviews Commodore's Sky Travel
78-79
package.
Computer Centers of America 10 41
• Find out how you can start a Young Astronaut
Computer Novelty Corporation 11 18
chapter in your town.
Computer Warehouse 12 45
• Take a look at Commodore's newest modem—
Custom Programming Group 13 65
featuring both touch tone and rotary dialing and a
Digital Vision 14 26
built-in speaker.
Disk Of The Month 15 117
Elcomp Publishing 16 26
Commodore Power/Play, April/May: Don't miss the fun
Indus Systems 17 43
as we bring you our first annual April Fool special issue.
Intelligent Software
■
59
Would you believe a column written by Jim Oleofidd?
Loadstar 30 92
How about a new slant on games by the "Beefstick 2
Melodian 18
Lunatic"? No doubt about it, we get silly in April.
Micro Prose Software 19 CIV
AND YOU'LL ALSO KIND:
Mimic Systems 20 27
■ A revealing look at sports-type games, including base-
MSD Systems, Inc. 21 23
bail, football, basketball and more.
Okidata 22 5
• Insights into the mind of Douglas Adams, author of 25
I'laynet, Inc. 23
the best-selling Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, now
Protecto Enterprises 24 82-87
a game for the Commodore 64. 18
Psycho Software 25
• Reviews of the games you've been thinking about 6
Public Domain 26
buying, including Boulder Dash, Castles of Dr. Creep
Smada 27 22
and Ultima II. 13,15
Sublogic Corporation 28,29
T&D Subscription Software 31 95
"No reader service number given
FEBRUARY/MARCH '85
|V*3 Hfll m
HB Bt9 " Hi
.:■■-= .
BH ■■BV
You asked for them...

CARDCO has them!
LQ/l & LQ/3 LETTER QUALITY PRINTERS "WRITE NOW"
In response to your demand and need, WORD PROCESSOR SOFTWARE
CARDCO now has available "Commodore- An excellent time saver, CARDCO OFFERS THE C02
ready "LETTER QUALITY PRINTERS". Just plug them "Write Now" program with bultt-in 80 column display.
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Offering standard friction-feed and optional
Easy full-screen editing; works with any printer.
tractor-feed, the CARDCO PRINTERS come
complete with built-in interfacing for all
"MAIL NOW11 MAILING LIST SOFTWARE
Commodore Personal Computers, as well as
CARDCO D/01 quickty (in memory) sorts by zip,
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LQ/3 11" carriage, 13 CPS
labels across.
"CARDPRINT" C/?+G PRINTER INTERFACE
with Graphics All Cardco Products are available at your local dealers.
For printers that are not Commodore-ready, Cardco Write for illustrated literature.
offers the C/7+G PRINTER INTERFACE Including all
cables and connectors for the following printers: all
new Epson MX, RX and FX series, Star Gemini 10X and
Defta 10, Prowriter, C.-ltoh 8510, NEC 8023, Okldata
.82,83,84,92,93 and 94, Mannesman Tally Spirit and
MT-160, Selkosha GX-100, BMC BX-80 and the Gorilla
Banana. Prints the full Commodore character set;
graphics, characters, reversed characters and
reversed graphics characters.
cardco, inc.
300 S. Topeka Wichita. Kansas 67202 (316) 267-
"Fhe world's largest manufacturer of Commodore ace
Commodore" Is a roglslerod Iradomatk ol Commodoro Bmlnaas '■•*-■' r r i -_ Inc.

Puta$20,000,000 Thrill in
your Computer!!!
The F-15 STRIKE EAGLE, ore of the worlds most sophisti plished with the guidance of real lighter pilots, and includes
cated fighters, costs the Air Force mofe than S2O.O0O.0OO.00 seven ditlerent combat missions, four skill levels, and an
each. Now you too can strap into your election seat and infinite number of exciting scenarios. F-15 will thrill and chal
prove how good you really are in exciting modern jet lighter lenge you and give you the chance to prove you have the
combat. Fly combat missions, engage enemy aircraft, and "Right Stuff" of an EAGLE fighter pilot!!
destroy enemy ground targets from historic missions over F-15 STRIKE EAGLE is available for Commodore 64. ATARI
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F-15 STRIKE EAGLE (simulator) has all the features that call or write for MC/VISA. or COD orders Add S2.50 for
makes the real EAGLE the great lighter aircraft it is — Postage and Handling (Int'l add S4.00USD). MO residents
afterburners, multiple radars, air to air missiles, high add 5% sales tax.
explosive bombs, cannon, drop tanks. Electronic Counter
Experience Che reality of
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Chose other great: simulations
maps, Heads Up Display (HUD), outstanding 3-dimen-
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sional cockpit visibility, and realistic F-15 maneu
verability Your mission is to take olf from your base,
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F-15 STRIKE EAGLE is i very real simulation, accom
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commodore

March, 1985 <§£ 02289

g yourself in a professinn.il recording THE MELODIAN RHYTHMMASTER"

MAJOR CREDIT CARDS CALL l-800-MELODIA

NEWS FROM THE FRONT 8

JOYSTICK LUNATIC 38 WHO WILL DESIGN THE

Guitar Chord Finder by Andy Gamble 47 LEGAL ISSUES IN MARKETING

The Conversing Commodore by Howord Millman 63

y u Marwimg Inc. 1200 Wison Drive. Wssl

Application to mail at Second Class Dosiaye raws is pending at

Now your Commodore

fl4 cqIIscMcmu ■ 1 Ehnj \2 It's now easier to see where the

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The second best thing about

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Each Leroy's Cheatsheet is designed for a particular program or

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Commodore Association Plans 1985 Convention

Your dancer can moonwalk, do head splm—

Everything You Can Do with Your

More News, on /iff. 121

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Notes Toward Flowcharting

See your dealer...

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Circle Reader Service No. 29

iww ■-■■■■■..-...- ■....

D-Bug KHK P.HH

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Publisher: Electronic Arts

hat wouid it be like to take a trip

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Circle Reader Service No. 11

he year is 1900 and some of the most famous

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580 IF XS=CHRS(ASC(MID5(MMS,I, 106!) REM " DISKIF ***'BMSC