MM 30800 Jun 08

UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL Examination for the Degrees of B.Sc. and M.Sci.
(Level 3) MATHEMATICAL METHODS MATH 30800

(Paper Code MATH-30800)
May-June 2008, 3 hours
This paper contains ve questions A candidates FOUR best answers will be used for assessment. Calculators are not permitted in this examination.
Do not turn over until instructed. Page 1 of 6
Cont...
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1. Consider the following system of coupled partial dierential equations for the functions u(x, y ), v (x, y ) and w(x, y ): u u v + + =0 x y y v u v w + +2 + =0 x y y y w v w + + =0 x y y (a) (5 marks) dy Show that this system is hyperbolic with characteristic directions given by = 0, 1, dx 3. (b) (6 marks) Write the system of equations in characteristic form, showing that u v + w, u w dy and u + 2v + w are constant along the characteristics = 0, 1, 3, respectively. dx (c) (4 marks) Find the solutions for u, v , and w given that u = 1, v = 0 and w = y on x = 0. (d) (6 marks) Find the solutions for u, v and w given that u = 1, v = 0 and w = y on y = x, showing that y (y x) (y 3x) + . u=1+ 3 2( 1) 6( 3) Why do the solutions fail when = 1 and = 3? What are the solutions when = 0? (e) (4 marks) Find the solutions for u, v and w given that u = 1, v = 0 and w = y 2 on x = 0.
Continued... Page 2 of 6
Cont... 2. The Fourier transform of a function f (x) is dened by
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(k ) = f
f (x)eikx dx.
(a) (6 marks) Find the Fourier transforms of: i. f (x + t) ii. f (x) = iii. df /dx Now consider the wave equation 2u 2u = , t2 x2 subject to u(x, 0) = 0 and u (x, 0) = t . (b) (6 marks) By taking Fourier transforms of (1) with respect to x, show that the solution is given by 1 sin(kt)eikx dk (2) u(x, t) = 2 k (a + ik ) (c) (9 marks) Evaluate the inverse Fourier transform (2) to show that x < t 0 a(x+t) (1 e )/2a t < x < t u(x, t) = a(xt) (e ea(x+t) )/2a t < x (d) (4 marks) Find u(x, t) and sketch u(x, 1) in the limit a 0. eax x > 0, . 0 x<0 (1) eax x > 0 , with a > 0. 0 x<0
Cont... 3. The Laplace transform of a function f (t) is given by
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f (p) =
0
f (t) ept dt .
(a) (2 marks) Find the Laplace transform of df /dt. (b) (3 marks) Show how lim f (t) may be evaluated in terms of the Laplace transform.
t
Now consider the following partial dierential equation for the temperature T (x, t) in the domain x > 0, subject to a heat loss, T , throughout the domain T 2T = T . t x2 Initially T (x, 0) = 0 and for t > 0 T (0, t) = 1 and T /x 0 as x . (c) (4 marks) Show that T (x, p) =
1 exp[(p + 1)1/2 x] . p
(d) (3 marks) Find the steady-state solution, which is attained as t . (e) (3 marks) Demonstrate that p = 1 is a branch point of T (x, p) in the complex p-plane. (f) (10 marks) By inverting the Laplace transform show that for t > 0 T (x, t) = e
x
e(1+s )t sin(xs) sds. 1 + s2
Cont... 4. The function y (x) satises the following dierential equation: d2 y 1 dy 3y = f (x), 2 dx x dx x2 subject to the boundary conditions y (1) = y (2) = 0. (a) (3 marks) Write (3) in self-adjoint form.
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(3)
(b) (4 marks) Find two linearly independent solutions to the homogeneous problem (f = 0). [Hint: try y (x) = xn .] (c) (4 marks) Dene the Greens function, g (x, ), and show how the solution may be written as
2
y ( ) =
1
g (x, )F (x)dx,
where F (x) is to be determined. Explicitly state what dierential equation and boundary conditions that g (x, ) must satisfy. (d) (9 marks) Calculate the Greens function for this problem and when f (x) = y (x) = x3 1 x + . 20 5x 4
1 x
derive the solution
(e) (5 marks) 1 Now suppose that f (x) = x and y (x) satises the boundary conditions y (1) = c and y (2) = 0. Find the value of c such that dy/dx = 0 at x = 2.
Cont... 5. The function T (x, t) satises the linear diusion equation for t > 0 given by T 2T = , t x2 subject to T 0 as |x| . At t = 0, T = (x) so that
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(4)
T dx = 1,
(5)
for t > 0. A similarity solution is given by T (x, t) = ta F (xtb ) for some constants a & b and F is an as yet undetermined function. (a) (4 marks) By substituting into the governing equation (4) and integral condition (5), or other1 and b = 1 . wise, deduce that a = 2 2 (b) (6 marks) Evaluate F ( ) where = xt1/2 and thus nd T (x, t). Now suppose that T (x, t) satises the following non-linear diusion equation in t > 0 given by T T = (T 2 ), t x x subject to the same initial and boundary conditions. For this case we also seek a similarity solution of the form T (x, t) = tc G(xtd ) for some constants c & d and G is an undetermined function. (c) (5 marks) Show that c =
1 4 1 and d = 4 .
(d) (5 marks) Show further that G=
1 (A 2
2 )1/2
| | < A1/2 , | | > A1/2 ,
where = xt1/4 and A is a constant. (e) (5 marks) Determine A and demonstrate that T = 0 for |x| > 2 1/2 t1/4 .
End of examination. Page 6 of 6

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UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL Examination for the Degrees of B.Sc. and M.Sci.

(Level 3) MATHEMATICAL METHODS MATH 30800

May-June 2008, 3 hours

Do not turn over until instructed. Page 1 of 6

Cont... 2. The Fourier transform of a function f (x) is dened by

Cont... 3. The Laplace transform of a function f (t) is given by

e(1+s )t sin(xs) sds. 1 + s2

derive the solution

(d) (5 marks) Show further that G=

| | < A1/2 , | | > A1/2 ,

End of examination. Page 6 of 6

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