Worksheet # 1: Review

1. (MA 113 Exam 1, Problem 1, Spring 2007). Find the equation of the line that passes through (1, 2) and is parallel to the line 4x + 2y = 11. Put your answer in y = mx + b form. 2. Find the slope, x-intercept, and y-intercept of the line 3x 2y = 4. 3. Write the equation of the line through (2, 1) and (1, 3) in point slope form. 4. Write the equation of the line containing (0, 1) and perpendicular to the line through (0, 1) and (2, 6). 5. The quadratic polynomial f (x) = x2 + bx + c has roots at 3 and 1. What are the values of b and c? 6. Let f (x) = Ax2 + Bx + C . If f (1) = 3, f (1) = 7, and f (0) = 4 what are the values of A, B and C ? 7. Find the intersection of the lines y = 5x + 10 and y = 8x 3. Remember that an intersection is a point in the plane, hence an ordered pair. 8. Recall the denition of the absolute value function: x |x| = x

x0 . x<0

Sketch the graph of this function. Also, sketch the graphs of the functions |x + 4| and |x| + 4. 9. A ball is thrown in the air from ground level. The height of the ball in meters at time t seconds is given by the function h(t) = 4.9t2 + 30t. At what time does the ball hit the ground? Units! 10. True or false? (a) For any function f , f (s + t) = f (s) + f (t). (b) If f (s) = f (t) then s = t. (c) A circle can be the graph of a function. (d) A function is a rule which assigns exactly one output f (x) to every input x. (e) If f (x) is increasing then f (52.55) f (1752.0001).

Worksheet # 2: Functions and Inverse Functions; Logarithms

1. (MA 113 Exam I, Problem 2, Spring 2009). Consider the function f (x) = inverse function of f . 2. Let f (x) = x3 + 1 and g (x) = 4x + 1 . Determine the 3x 2

x. Find (f g )(x) and (g f )(x) and specify their domains.

3. Suppose the graph of f (x) is given. Write an equation for the graph obtained by rst shifting the graph of f (x) up 3 units and left by 2 units, and then compressing the resulting graph horizontally by a factor of 10. 4. Suppose the graph of g (x) is given by the equation g (x) = f (2x 5) + 7. In terms of standard transformations describe how to obtain g (x) from the graph of f (x). 5. Find the domain and range of the following functions. (a) f (x) = 15 (b) f (x) = x2 + 2x + 1 (c) f (x) = x2 2x 3 x (d) f (x) = |x| 6. Prot is the dierence between total revenues and total costs. Suppose that Company W produces good Y. Let x denote the quantity of good Y sold. Suppose R(x) = 15x and 1 2 x + x + 30 10 are the companys revenue and cost functions respectively for sales of this good. C ( x) = (a) Find the companys prot function P (x). (b) Company W would really like to know how much of good Y they must sell to break even. Find the quantity x of good Y that the company must sell to make neither a prot nor a loss. 7. Compute each of the following logarithms exactly. Do not use a calculator. (a) log10 103 (b) log3 (1/27) (c) log2 6 log2 15 + log2 20 (d) log10 (log10 (log10 (1010
100

)))

8. Express each of the following as a single logarithm. (a) log10 (5) log10 (3) + log10 (2) (b) log3 (a + b) 15 log3 (c) + 17 log3 (d) 9. Solve the following equations for x (a) 102x+1 7 = 0 (b) log2 (x) + log2 (x 1) = 1 (c) 3ax = C 3bx , a = b. 10. True or false? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Every function has an inverse. Every function will pass the vertical line test. Every function will pass the horizontal line test. f g (x) = g f (x). There is a function whose graph is an oval. No function can be both even and odd.

Worksheet # 3: Tangents and Velocity

1. Sketch the graphs of the following functions using your knowledge of basic functions and transformations. Then sketch the tangent line to the curve at the specied point. (a) f (x) = x2 + 1, x = 2 (b) f (x) = |x| + 3, x = 1 (c) f (x) = (x 2)3 1, x = 2 (d) f (x) = 2x1 + 1, x = 1. 2. (Adapted from MA 113 Exam I, Problem 6, Spring 2009). A particle is moving along a straight line so that its position at time t seconds is given by s(t) = 4t2 t. (a) Find the average velocity of the particle over the time interval [1, 2]. (b) Determine the average velocity of the particle over the time interval [2, t] where t > 2. Simplify your answer. [Hint: Factor the numerator.] (c) Based on your answer in (b) can you guess a value for the instantaneous velocity of the particle at t = 2? 3. Let x(t) be the function which describes the position of a particle traveling along the x-axis. Suppose the point (15, 6) is on the graph of x(t) and the tangent line at this point is given by y = 3. At time t = 15, determine the particles position and instantaneous velocity. 4. (Problem 4, p. 87 in the text.) The point P (3, 1) lies on the curve y = x 2. (a) If Q is the point (x, x 2), nd a formula for the slope of the secant line P Q. (b) Using your formula from part (a) and a calculator, nd the slope of the secant line P Q for the following values of x. 1 Keep 4 decimal places of accuracy and be careful with rounding. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. 2.9 2.99 2.999 3.1 3.01 3.001

(c) Using the results of part (b), guess the value of the slope of the tangent line to the curve at P (3, 1). (d) Using the slope from part (c), nd the equation of the tangent line to the curve at P (3, 1). 5. (Adapted from problem 5, p. 87 in the text.) If a ball is thrown in the air with a velocity of 40 ft/s, its height in feet t seconds later is given by f (t) = 40t 16t2 . (a) Using a calculator, nd the average velocity of the ball for the time period beginning when t = 2 and lasting i. ii. iii. iv. 0.5 second 0.1 second 0.05 second 0.01 second

(b) Estimate the instantaneous velocity when t = 2. (c) Find a general formula for the average velocity of the ball for the time period beginning at t and lasting h seconds. Simplify your answer.
1 TI-8X calculator tip: Hit the y= button and put your formula from part a.) in, say, the y position. Then go to the 1 home screen, access the y-vars menu, and use it to type y1 (x) to nd the value of y1 at the point x. You could also use the table feature.

(d) Based on your answer in (c), can you guess a general formula for the instantaneous velocity at time t? [Hint: What does the result in (c) look like as h gets very close to 0?] 6. Let s(t) describe the position of a particle traveling along the x-axis at time t. Let v (t) be the particles instantaneous velocity and a(t) be the instantaneous acceleration function at time t. Determine if the following statements are true or false. (a) If v (t) = 0 then the particle is at rest at time t. (b) If s(t) = 0 then the particle is at the origin at time t. (c) If a(t) > 0 then the particle must be speeding up at time t. (d) If a(t) = 0 and s(t) = 0, the particle will remain at the origin. (e) If a(t) > 0 and v (t) = 0 at time t, the particle will soon begin traveling to the right. (f) If v (t) is constant for all t, then a(t) = 0. (g) Suppose v (t) > 0 and s(t) > 0 for all time values. Then the particle will stay to the right of the origin forever.

Worksheet # 4: Introduction to Limits

1. Comprehension check. (a) In words, describe what
xa

lim f (x) = L

means. (b) How can one-sided limits help you to determine if a limit exists? (c) In words, what does
xa

lim f (x) =

mean? (d) Suppose lim f (x) = 2. Does f (1) = 2?

x1

(e) Suppose f (1) = 2. What can be said about lim f (x)?

x1

2. Let

2 x0 x , x 1, 0 < x, x = 2 . f (x) = 3, x=2

(a) Sketch the graph of f . (b) Compute the following. i. lim f (x)
x0

ii. lim+ f (x)

x0

iii. lim f (x)

x0

iv. f (0) v. lim f (x)

x2 x2

vi. lim+ f (x) vii. lim f (x)

x2

viii. f (2) 3. In the following, sketch the functions and use the sketch to compute the limit. (a) lim
x 3

(b) lim x
x

(c) lim |x|

x a

(d) lim 2x
x 3

4. Compute the following limits or explain why they fail to exist: x+2 x+3 x+2 (b) lim x3 x + 3 x+2 (c) lim x3 x + 3 1 (d) lim 3 x0 x (a)
x3+

lim

5. (Problem 40, p. 99 in the text). In the theory of relativity, the mass of a particle with velocity v is: m0 m= v2 1 2 c where m0 is the mass of the particle at rest and c is the speed of light. What happens as v c ? 6. Let 2x + 2, x > 2 a, x = 2 f (x) = . kx, x < 2
x2

Find k and a so that lim f (x) = f (2).

Worksheet # 5: Limit Laws

1. Given lim f (x) = 5 and lim g (x) = 2, use limit laws (justify your work) to compute the followx 2 x2

ing limits. Note when working through a limit problem that your answers should be a chain of equalities. Make sure to keep the lim operator until the very last step.
x a

(a) lim 2f (x) g (x).

x 2

(b) lim

f (x)g (x) . x 2 x (c) lim f (x)2 + x g (x)2 .

x 2
3

(d) lim [f (x)] 2 .

x 2

2. Calculate the following limits if they exist or explain why the limit does not exist. x2 1 x 1 x 1 x2 1 (b) lim x 1 x 2 x2 1 (c) lim+ x2 x 2 x9 (d) lim x 9 x3 (a) lim 3. Find the value of c such that lim 4. Show that lim x2 + 3 x + c exists. What is the limit? x 2 x2

|h| |h| does not exist by examining one-sided limits. Then sketch the graph of and h h check your reasoning.
h0

5. True or false? (a) The direct substitution property can always be used to compute limits. (b) Let f (x) = (x + 2)(x 1) and g (x) = x + 2. Then f (x) = g (x). x1 (x + 2)(x 1) (c) Let f (x) = and g (x) = x + 2. Then lim f (x) = lim g (x). x1 x1 x1 (d) If both the one-sided limits of f (x) exist as x approaches a, then lim f (x) exists.
xa

(e) Let p(x) = cn xn + cn1 xn1 + ... + c1 x + c0 be a polynomial with coecients cn , cn1 , ..., c0 . Then limxa p(x) = cn an + cn1 an1 + ... + c1 a + c0 . (f) If lim f (x) exists then limxa f (x) = f (a).
xa

Worksheet # 6: Continuity
1. Comprehension check. (a) State and explain the intermediate value theorem. (b) Dene what it means for f (x) to be continuous at the point x = a. What does it mean if f (x) is continuous on the interval [a, b]? What does it mean to say f (x) is continuous? (c) There are three distinct ways in which a function will fail to be continuous at a point x = a. Describe the three types of discontinuity. Provide a sketch and an example of each type. (d) True or false? Every function is continuous on its domain. (e) True or false? The sum, dierence, and product of continuous functions are all continuous. (f) If f (x) is continuous at x = a, what can you say about lim f (x)?
xa+

(g) Suppose f (x), g (x) are continuous everywhere. What is lim

f (x)g (x) f (x)3 ? xa g (x)2 + 1

2. Using the denition of continuity and properties of limits, show that the following functions are continuous at the given point a. (a) f (x) = , a = 1 (b) f (x) = x2 + 3 x + 1 , a = 1 x+3 (c) f (x) = x2 9, a = 4.

3. Give the largest domain on which the following functions are continuous. Use interval notation. x+1 x2 + 4 x + 3 x (b) f (x) = 2 x +1 (c) f (x) = 2x 3 + x2 2 if x 0 x + 1 (d) f (x) = x + 1 if 0 < x < 2 (x 2)2 if x 2 (a) f (x) = 4. State the intermediate value theorem and use the theorem to nd an interval of length 1 in which a solution to the equation 2x3 + x = 5 must exist. 5. (Similar to MA 113 Exam I, problem 8, Spring 2009.) cx2 5 f (x) = 10 1 2c x (a) Find all numbers c such that lim f (x) exists.
x1

Let c be a number and consider the function if x < 1 if x = 1 if x > 1

(b) Is there a number c such that f (x) is continuous at x = 1? Justify your answer.

Worksheet # 7: Derivatives
1. Comprehension check. (a) What does it mean for a function to be continuous at the point a? What does it mean for a function be dierentiable at the point a? (b) Are dierentiable functions also continuous? Are continuous functions also dierentiable? (c) You have seen three ways in which a function can fail to be dierentiable at a point. Sketch these three cases. (d) The tangent line to the graph of g (x) at x = 1 is given by y = 5x + 1. Find g (1) and g (1). (e) Give the two formulas for the denition of the derivative of a function f (x) at a point a. (f) What does the derivative of f (x) at x = a describe? 2. A particle is traveling along the x-axis. Below is a graph of its position function f (t) for the time interval [0, 5].

(a) Graph the particles velocity function on the time interval [0, 5]. (b) Graph the particles acceleration function on the time interval [0, 5]. (c) For what time intervals is the particle traveling left? Right? When is it at rest? 3. Find f (a) using either formula of the denition for the derivative: (a) f (x) = 3x2 2x + 1 1 (b) f (x) = x+3 (c) f (x) = x 4. Use 2(c) to nd the tangent line to f (x) = 5. Let h(t) = x when x = 4. at + b t3 + 1 t0 t>0

Find a and b so that h is dierentiable at t = 0.

Worksheet # 8: Review for Exam I

1. Calculate the following limits using the limit laws. Carefully show your work and use only one limit law per step. (a) lim (2x 1)
x 0

(b) lim
x 1

x2 + 1 x1 x 3 (c) lim (3x 2x2 + 4)

2. (a) State the Intermediate Value Theorem. (b) Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to show that the polynomial f (x) = x3 + 2x 1 has a zero in some interval of length 1. (c) Prove that you were once feet tall. 3. Use the denition of the derivative to nd f (x). Do not use the derivative laws if you know them, because you will not be able to use them on the exam. 1 x (b) f (x) = 3x2 + 2 (a) f (x) = 4. (a) State the denition of continuity of a function f (x) at x = a (b) Find the constant a so that the function is continuous on the entire real line. x2 a2 if x = a f (x) = 8x a if x = a 5. Let f (x) = |x|. From the denitions, prove that f (x) is continuous at x = 0 but not dierentiable there. Explain how you could surmise this fact from the graph of f (x). 6. The line tangent to the graph of f (x) at x = 3 is y = 2x + 1. Using this fact, nd f (3) and f (3).

Worksheet # 9: Derivatives of Polynomial and Exponential Functions

1. Comprehension check. (a) True or false: If f (x) = g (x) then f (x) = g (x)? (b) Find an example which shows that in general (f (x)g (x)) = f (x)g (x). (c) Suppose f (a) exists. Does lim f (x) = f (a)? Explain.
xa

(d) How is the number e dened? 2. Compute the derivative of the following functions. 9 8 x 4 (b) k (x) = 3ex + x2 + 1 A (c) k (x) = 4 + Bx2 + Cx + D x (d) n(x) = ex+2 + 1 (a) f (x) = (e) l(x) = x+ 1 x
2

(f) p(x) = cn xn + cn1 xn1 + ... + c1 x + c0 3. Let f (x) = x2 + 3x 5. Where is the slope of f (x) positive? Negative? Zero? 4. Find an equation for the tangent line to y = x3/2 + 2 at x = 3. 5. (MA 113 Exam II, problem 8, Spring 09). Consider the function f (x) = x2 2x + 2. Find the equations of the tangent lines to this parabola which pass through the point (3, 4). As usual, a sketch of the curve and the tangent lines should be your rst step in solving the problem. 6. Suppose x(t) = 2t3 +3t2 72t +50 gives the position of a particle on the x axis at time t. Determine all time values when the particle is at rest.

Worksheet # 10: Product and Quotient Rules

1. Show by way of example that, in general, d(f g ) df dg = dx dx dx and d f g dx df dx . = dg dx

2. State the quotient and product rule and be sure to include all necessary hypotheses. 3. Compute the rst derivative of each of the following: x (a) f (x) = x1 (b) f (x) = (3x2 + x)ex ex (c) f (x) = 3 2x x1 (d) f (x) = (x3 + 2x + ex ) x 2x (e) f (x) = 4 + x2 ax + b (f) f (x) = cx + d (x2 + 1)(x3 + 2) (g) f (x) = x5 4. Calculate the rst three derivatives of f (x) = xex and use these to guess a general formula for f (n) (x), the n-th derivative of f . 5. Find an equation of the tangent line to the given curve at the specied point. ex at the point x = 3 x2 + 1 (b) y = 2xex , x = 0 (a) y = x2 + 6. Suppose that f (2) = 3, g (2) = 2, f (2) = 2, and g (2) = 4. For the following functions, nd h (2). (a) h(x) = 5f (x) + 2g (x) (b) h(x) = f (x)g (x) (c) h(x) = (d) h(x) = f (x) g (x) g (x) 1 + f (x)

Worksheet # 11: Trigonometric Functions

1. Convert the angle /12 to degrees and the angle 900 to radians. 2. Find the exact values of the following expressions. Do not use a calculator. (a) arctan(1) (b) tan(arctan(10)) (c) arcsin(sin(7/3)) 3. Find all solutions to the following equations in the interval [0, 2 ]. You will need to use some trigonometric identities. (a) 3 cos x + 2 tan x cos2 x = 0 (b) 3 cot2 (x) = 1 (c) 2 cos x + sin 2x = 0 4. If sin(x) = 5 2 and sec(x) = , nd csc(x), cot(x), cos(x), tan(x), sin(2x). 5 3

5. Find the length of the circular arc subtended by an angle of /12 rad if the radius of the circle is 36 cm. 6. A clock lies in the coordinate plane so that its center is at the origin. The hour hand is 5 cm long and the minute hand is 15 cm long. Find the coordinates of the tips of each hand at 3 : 50 pm. 7. Dierentiate each of the following functions: (a) f (t) = cos(t) 1 (b) g (u) = cos(u) (c) r() = 3 sin() (d) s(t) = tan(t) + csc(t) (e) h(x) = sin(x) csc(x) (f) f (x) = x2 sin2 (x) 8. A particles distance from the origin (in meters) along the x-axis is modeled by p(t) = 2 sin(t) cos(t), where t is measured in seconds. (a) Determine the particles speed (speed=|velocity|) at seconds. (b) Is the particle moving towards or away from the origin at seconds. Explain. (c) Now, nd the velocity of the particle at time t = 3/2. Is the particle moving towards the origin or away from the origin?

Worksheet # 12: Chain Rule

1. (MA 113 Exam II, problem 9, Spring 2009). (a) Carefully state the chain rule. Use complete sentences. (b) Suppose f and g are dierentiable functions so that f (2) = 3, f (2) = 1, g (2) = 1/4, and g (2) = 2. Find each of the following: i. h (2) where h(x) = [f (x)]2 + 7. ii. l (2) where l(x) = f (x3 g (x)). 2. Dierentiate each of the following and simplify your answer. (a) f (x) = 3 2x3 + 7x + 3 (b) g (t) = tan (sin t) (c) h(u) = sec2 u + tan2 u (d) f (x) = e(3x
2

+x)

(e) g (x) = sin (sin (sin x)) 3. Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point. (a) f (x) = x2 e3x , x = 2 (b) f (x) = sin x + sin2 x, x = 0 4. If h(x) = 4 + 3f (x) where f (1) = 7 and f (1) = 4, nd h (1).

5. Let h(x) = f g (x) and k (x) = g f (x) where some values of f and g are given by the table x -1 2 3 4 Find: h (1), h (3) and k (2). 6. Find all x values so that f (x) = 2 sin x + sin2 x has a horizontal tangent at x. 7. Comprehension check for derivatives of trigonometric functions. (a) True or false? If f (x) = sin() then f () = cos(). (b) True or False? If is one of the non-right angles in a right triangle and sin() = hypotenuse of the triangle must have length 3. (c) Let f () = sin(). Find f (435) (). (d) Dierentiate both sides of the identity tan x = to obtain a new trigonometric identity. sin x cos x
2 3

f(x) 4 3 -1 3

g(x) 4 4 -1 2

f(x) -1 3 3 2

g(x) -1 -1 -1 -1

then the

Worksheet # 13: Implicit Dierentiation

1. Find dy/dx by implicit dierentiation. (a) x3 + y 3 = 1 (b) ey cos x = 1 + sin(xy ) (c) y 2 (2 x) = x3 2. Use implicit dierentiation to nd an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point. (a) x2 + y 2 = x + y x3 , (0, 1) (b) y 2 (y 2 4) = x2 (x2 5), (0, 2) 3. Find the derivative of each of the following. (a) f (x) = arctan x (b) g (x) = arcsin x2 (c) h(x) = arccos(e2x ) (d) f (x) = ln(x2 + 2) (e) f (x) = ln(e2x + 5ex + 3) (f) f (x) = ln(cos(x)) 4. The equation x2 xy + y 2 = 3 represents a rotated ellipse, that is, an ellipse whose axes are not parallel to the coordinate axes. Find the points where this ellipse crosses the x-axis and show that the tangents at these points are parallel. 5. Prove: 1 d sec1 x = . dx x x2 1

[Hint: Use the same technique from the proof for the derivative formula for sin1 (x). Start by writing y = cos1 (x) and obtain an expression which can be dierentiated implicitly. ]

Worksheet # 14: Growth, Decay, and Rates of Change

1. Comprehension check for exponential functions. (a) Explain the intuition behind the simple population growth model dP = kP dt where k is a positive constant. Describe some situations where this model may break down. (b) What is the unique (only) function satisfying f (x) = f (x) and f (0) = 1? (c) Find a function f (x) such that f (x) = 3f (x) and f (0) = 15. 2. An explorer brought two rabbits (male and female) to a small island. Based on 30 years of data, the Rabbit Research Group has concluded that the rabbit population on the island doubles every year. Set up the proportional growth rate population equation and use it to predict the number of rabbits for 10, 50, and 100 years. What might be wrong with using this model to predict population values for large values of t? 3. A bacteria culture initially contains 100 cells and grows at a rate proportional to its size. After an hour the population has increased to 420. (a) (b) (c) (d) Find an expression for the number of bacteria after t hours. Find the number of bacteria after 3 hours. Find the rate of growth after 3 hours. When will the population reach 10,000 bacteria?

4. A sample of a chemical compound decayed to 95.47 % of its original mass after one year. What is the half life of the compound? How long would it take for the compound to decay to 20 % of its original mass. 5. Graphs of the velocity functions of two particles are shown, where t is measured in seconds. When is each particle speeding up? When is it slowing down? Explain.

6. A man uses a helium tank to inate a large balloon. The balloons surface area is given by S = 4r2 4 and its volume is given by V = 3 r3 . (a) Find the rate of increase in surface area with respect to the radius when the diameter of the balloon is 2 ft. (b) Suppose the radius of the balloon at time t seconds is r(t) = 2t + 1. Find the rate of increase in surface area with respect to time when t = 1 sec. (c) Show that if the volume of the balloon is decreasing at a rate (with respect to time) proportional to its surface area, then the radius of the balloon is shrinking at a constant rate.

Worksheet # 15: Related Rates

1. A ladder of length 3 meters long is leaning against a wall. The base of the ladder is sliding away from the wall at a rate of .5 meters/second. Find the speed that the ladder is moving along the wall when the top of the ladder is 2 meters above the oor. 2. A person 5 ft tall walks along a straight path at a rate of 3.5 ft/sec away from a streetlight that is 12 ft above the ground. Find the rate at which the persons shadow is changing for any time value. 3. A boat is being pulled towards a dock by a rope attached to the bow of the boat. The boat is approaching the dock at a rate of 3 meters/second. At the edge of the dock, the rope is one meter higher than it is at the bow of the boat. How fast is the rope being pulled in when the boat is 10 meters from the dock? 4. A water tank has the shape of an inverted circular cone with base radius 2 m and height 4 m. If water is pumped into the tank at a rate of 2 m3 /min, nd the rate at which the water level is rising when the water is 3 m deep. 5. A baseball diamond is a square with side 90 ft. A player hits the ball and runs toward rst base at a speed of 30 ft/s. How fast is his distance from second base decreasing when he is 2/3 of the way to rst base?

Worksheet # 16: Review for Exam II

1. State: (a) The product rule and quotient rule. (b) The chain rule. 2. Compute the rst derivative of each of the following functions. (a) f (x) = cos(4x3 ) + sin(3x + 2) (b) b(x) = x4 cos(3x2 ) (c) y (x) = esec 2 (d) k (x) = ln(7x2 + sin(x) + 1) (e) u(x) = (arcsin 2x)2 8x2 7x + 3 cos(2x) 1 (g) m(x) = x + 3 x4 ex (h) q (x) = 1 + x2 (i) n(x) = cos (tan x) (f) h(x) = (j) w(x) = arcsin x arccos x 3. The tangent line to f (x) at x = 3 is given by y = 2x 4. Find the tangent line to g (x) = x = 3. Put your answer in slope-intercept form. 4. (MA 113 Exam II, Problem 6, Fall 2008). Consider the curve xy 3 + 12x2 + y 2 = 24. Assume this equation can be used to dene y as a function of x (i.e. y = y (x)) near (1, 2) with y (1) = 2. Find the equation of the tangent line to this curve at (1, 2). 5. Let x be the angle in the interval (/2, /2) so that sin x = cot(x). 3 . Find: sin(x), cos(x), and 5 x at f (x)

6. (Adapted from MA 113 Exam II, Problem 7, Fall 2008). The growth rate of the population in a bacteria colony at time t obeys the dierential equation P (t) = kP (t) where k is a constant and t is measured in years. (a) Let A be a constant. Show that the function P (t) = Aekt satises the dierential equation. (b) If the colony initially has 100 bacteria and two years later has 200 bacteria, determine the values of A and k . (c) Suppose P (t) = 100e.001t . When will the colony have 100,000 bacteria? 7. (MA 113 Exam II, Problem 9, Spring 2009). Suppose f and g are dierentiable functions such that f (2) = 3, f (2) = 1, g (2) = 1/4, and g (2) = 2. Find: (a) h (2) where h(x) = ln([f (x)]2 ); (b) l (2) where l(x) = f (x3 g (x)). 8. (MA 113 Exam II, Problem 9, Spring 2007). Abby is north of Oakville and driving north along Road A. Boris is east of Oakville and driving west on Road B . At 11:57 AM, Boris is 5 km east of Oakville and traveling west at a speed of 60 kmph and Abby is 10 km north of Oakville and traveling north at a speed of 50 kmph.

(a) Make a sketch showing the location and direction of travel for Abby and Boris. (b) Find the rate of change of the distance between Abby and Boris at 11:57 AM. (c) At 11:57 AM, is the distance between Abby and Boris increasing, decreasing, or not changing? 9. (MA 113 Exam II, Problem 10, Fall 2008). The function arctan x is dened by y = arctan x, if and only if x = tan y , /2 < y < /2. Use implicit dierentiation to nd the derivative of arctan x. [Hint: use a trigonometric identity.]

Worksheet # 17: Maxima and Minima

1. Dene the following terms: Critical number. Local maximum. Absolute maximum. 2. Sketch: (a) The graph of a function dened on (, ) with three local maxima, two local minima, and no absolute minima. (b) The graph of a continuous function with a local maximum at x = 1 but which is not dierentiable at x = 1. (c) The graph of a function on [1, 1) which has a local maximum but not an absolute maximum. (d) The graph of a function on [1, 1] which has a local maximum but not an absolute maximum. (e) The graph of a discontinuous function dened on [1, 1] which has both an absolute minimum and absolute maximum. 3. Find the critical numbers for the following functions (a) f (x) = x3 + x2 + 1 x (b) f (x) = 2 x +3 (c) f (x) = |5x 1| 4. Given a continuous function on a closed interval [a, b], carefully describe the method you would use to nd the absolute minimum and maximum value of the function. 5. Use the extreme value theorem to nd the absolute maximum and absolute minimum value of the following function on the given intervals. Specify the values where these extrema occur. (a) (MA 113 Exam III, Problem 2, Fall 2008). f (x) = 2x3 3x2 12x + 1, [2, 3] (b) (MA 113 Exam III, Problem 2, Spring 2009). f (t) = t + 1 t2 , [1, 1]. 6. Comprehension check. (a) True or false? An absolute maximum is always a local maximum. (b) True or false? If f (c) = 0 then f has a local maximum or local minimum at c. (c) True or false? If f is dierentiable and has a local maximum or minimum at x = c then f (c) = 0. (d) A function continuous on an open interval may not have an absolute minimum or absolute maximum on that interval. Give an example of continuous function on (0, 1) which has no absolute maximum.

Worksheet # 18: The Mean Value Theorem

1. State the mean value theorem and illustrate the theorem in a sketch. 2. (MA 113 Exam III, Problem 8(c), Spring 2009). Suppose that g is dierentiable for all x and that 5 g (x) 2 for all x. Assume also that g (0) = 2. Based on this information, is it possible that g (2) = 8? 3. Section 4.2 in the text contains the following important corollary which you should commit to memory: Corollary 7, p. 284: If f (x) = g (x) for all x in an interval (a, b) then f (x) = g (x) + c for some constant c. Use this result to answer the following questions: (a) If f (x) = sin(x) and f (0) = 15 what is f (x)? (b) If f (x) = x and f (4) = 5 what is f (x)? (c) If f (x) = k where k is a constant, show that f (x) = kx + d for some other constant d. 4. Verify that the function satises the hypotheses of the Mean Value Theorem on the given interval. Then nd all numbers c that satisfy the conclusion of the Mean Value Theorem. (a) f (x) = e2x , [0,3] x (b) f (x) = , [1,4] x+2 5. A trucker handed in a ticket at a toll booth showing that in 2 hours she had covered 159 miles on a toll road with speed limit 65 mph. The trucker was cited for speeding. Why? 6. If f (1) = 10 and f (x) 2 for 1 x 4, how small can f (4) possibly be? 7. For what values of a, m, and b does the function if x = 0 3 f (x) = x2 + 3x + a if 0 < x < 1 mx + b if 1 x 2 satisfy the hypotheses of the Mean Value Theorem on the interval [0,2]? 8. Determine whether the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false, provide a counterexample. (a) If f is dierentiable on the open interval (a, b), f (a) = 1, and f (b) = 1, then f (c) = 0 for some c in (a, b). (b) If f is dierentiable on the open interval (a, b), continuous on the closed interval [a, b], and f (x) = 0 for all x in (a, b), then we have f (a) = f (b). (c) Suppose f is a continuous function on the closed interval [a, b] and dierentiable on the open b interval (a, b). If f (a) = f (b), then f ( a+ 2 ) = 0. (d) If f is dierentiable everywhere and f (1) = f (1), then there is a number c such that |c| < 1 and f (c) = 0.

10-28-2009

Worksheet # 19: Asymptotes and Curve Sketching

1. (a) Dene the terms horizontal asymptote and vertical asymptote. (b) Explain the dierence between lim f (x) = and lim f (x) = 3.
x3 x

(c) Explain what lim f (x) = 150 means.

x

(d) Explain what lim f (x) = 150 means.

x150

(e) Explain how to use the rst derivative test to identify and classify local extrema of the dierentiable function f (x). (f) Explain how to use the second derivative test to identify and classify local extrema of the twice dierentiable function f (x). Does the test always work? What should you do if it fails? 2. (MA 113 Exam III, Problem 1, Spring 2009). Consider the function f (x) = 2x3 3x2 36x +4 on (, ). (a) Find the critical point(s) of f . (b) Find the intervals of increase and decrease for f . (c) Find the local extrema of f . 3. (MA 113 Exam III, Problem 3, Spring 2009). Consider the function f (x) = 2x + sin x on (, 2 ). (a) Find the interval(s) of concavity of the graph of f (x); show your work. (b) Find the point(s) of inection of the graph of f (x); justify your work. 4. For each graph of the function f :

(a) Find the open interval(s) where f is increasing. (b) Find the open interval(s) where f is decreasing. (c) Find the open interval(s) where f is concave up. (d) Find the open interval(s) where f is concave down. (e) Identify all points of inection. (f) Identify and classify all local extrema on [0, 6]. 5. Find the local maximum and minimum values of f (x) = x2 x using the rst derivative test. +4

6. Find the local maximum and minimum values of f (x) = x5 5x + 4 using the second derivative test. 7. Sketch the graph of a function f with all of the following properties. lim f (t) = 2
t

lim f (t) = 0

 lim f (t) =
t0+

lim f (t) =
t0 t4

lim f (t) = 3 f (4) = 6 8. Evaluate the following limits, if they exist. If a limit does not exist, explain why. 3 t2 7 t t t 8 2 t2 6 (b) lim 4 t t 8t + 9 t (c) lim 6 t t 4t2 (d) lim 3 (a) lim
t

(e)

t t2 u

lim

(f) lim

16u2 u 4u

5 t3 7 t2 + 9 8t3 8999

Worksheet # 20: LHospitals Rule and Curve Sketching

1. Carefully, state LHospitals Rule. 2. Compute the following limits. Use lHospitals Rule where appropriate but rst check that no easier method will solve the problem. (a) lim (b) (c) (d) (e) x9 1 x 1 x5 1 sin 4x lim x0 tan 5x x2 + x 6 lim x 2 x2 ex lim x x3 lim x2 ex
x x
2

(f) lim x3 ex

3. Choose a and b so that

sin 3x + ax + bx3 = 0. x0 x3 lim

4. (MA 113 Exam III, Problem 11, Spring 2008). Sketch the graph of a function f (x) dened for x > 0 such that (a) lim f (x) = 3,
x0+

(b) f (2) = f (4) = 2, f (3) = 4, (c) lim f (x) = f (1) = 1,

x

(d) f (x) exists and is continuous for all x > 0, (e) f (1) = f (3) = f (2) = f (4) = 0, and f (x) and f (x) are not zero for all other values of x. 5. Sketch the graph of a function which satises all of the following properties. f (1) = f (1) = 0 lim+ f (x) =
x 2

lim f (x) =
x2 x 0

lim f (x) =
x x

lim f (x) =

lim f (x) = 0 f (x) > 0 when x > 2 f (x) < 0 when x < 0 and 0 < x < 2. 6. (a) Outline a procedure for sketching the curve y = f (x) using the tools of calculus. (b) Sketch the following curves using the procedure you described above. Check your answers with a calculator. i. y = 8x2 x4 x ii. y = 2 x 1

Worksheet # 21: Optimization

1. (MA 113 Exam III, Problem 10, Spring 2009). Find the point(s) on the hyperbola y = 16 that is x (are) closest to (0, 0). Be sure to clearly state what function you choose to minimize or maximize and why.

2. A farmer has 2400 feet of fencing and wants to fence o a rectangular eld that borders a straight river. He needs no fence along the river. What are the dimensions of the eld that has the largest area? 3. (Problem 59, p. 349). A hockey team plays in an arena with a seating capacity of 15,000 spectators. With the ticket price set at $12, average attendance at a game has been 11,000. A market survey indicates that for each dollar the ticket price is lowered, average attendance will increase by 1,000. How should the owners of the team set the ticket price to maximize their revenue from ticket sales? 4. An oil company needs to run a pipeline to a nearby station. The station and oil company are on opposite sides of a river that is 1 km wide and that runs exactly west-east. Also, the station is 10 km east of where the oil company would be if it was on the same side of the river. The cost of land pipe is 200 dollars per meter and the cost of water pipe is 300 dollars per meter. Set up an equation whose solution(s) are the critical points for the cost function for this problem. 5. A 10 ft length of rope is to be cut into two pieces to form a square and a circle. How should the rope be cut to maximize the enclosed area? 6. (MA 113 Exam III, Problem 10, Spring 2007). Consider a can in the shape of a right circular cylinder. The top and bottom of the can is made of a material that costs 4 cents per square centimeter and the side is made of a material that costs 3 cents per square centimeter. We want to nd the dimensions of the can which has volume 72 cubic centimeters and whose cost is as small as possible. (a) Find a function f (r) which gives the cost of the can in terms of radius r. Be sure to specify the domain. (b) Give the radius and height of the can with least cost. (c) Explain how you known you have found the can of least cost.

Worksheet # 22: Linear Approximation

1. For each of the following, use a linear approximation to estimate the actual value. (a) tan(44 ) (b) (3.01)3 (c) 17 (d) 8.062/3 2. Suppose we want to paint a sphere of radius 200 cm with a coat of paint .2 cm thick. Use a linearization to approximate the amount of paint we need to do the job. 3. (MA 113 Exam III, Problem 4, Spring 2009). Let f (x) = 16 + x. First, nd the linear approximation to f (x) at x = 0. Then use the linear approximation to estimate 15.75. Present your solution as a rational number (fraction). 4. Your physics professor tells you that you can replace sin with in equations when is close to zero. Explain why this is reasonable. 5. Suppose we measure the radius of a sphere as 10 cm with an accuracy of .5 cm. Use a linear approximation to estimate the maximum error in (a) the computed surface area and (b) the computed volume.

Worksheet # 23: Antiderivatives

1. Find the most general antiderivative for each of the following functions. (a) x 3 1 (b) x6 5x3 + 9x 4 (c) (x + 1)(9x 8) 2 (d) x x 5 (e) x (f) x5 40 (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) x3 8x2 + 5 x2 5 x6 x 3 3 + x x2 4 2 e x 5 1 x3 sin() sec2 ()

2. Find the values of the parameter A and B so that (a) F (x) = (Ax + B )ex is an antiderivative of f (x) = xex . (b) H (x) = e2x (A cos x + B sin x) is an antiderivative of h(x) = e2x sin x. 3. A particle moves along a straight line so that its velocity is given by v (t) = t2 . What is the net change in the particles position between t = 1 and t = 3? 4. Suppose an object travels in a straight line with constant acceleration a, initial velocity v0 , and initial displacement x0 . Find a formula for the position function of the object. 5. A car brakes with constant deceleration of 5 m/s2 produceing skid marks measuring 75 meters long before coming to a stop. How fast was the car traveling when the brakes were rst applied? 6. True or false? (a) The antiderivative of function is unique. (b) If F is the antiderivative of f then f is dierentiable. (c) If F is the antiderivative of f then F + c where c is a constant is also an antiderivative.

Worksheet # 24: Review for Exam III

1. Provide a full statement of the following theorems and denitions. (a) The Mean Value Theorem (MVT) (b) Local max/min (c) Absolute max/min (d) LHospitals Rule (e) Antiderivative 2. (a) Describe in words and diagrams how to use the rst derivative test to identify and classify extrema of a function f (x). (b) Use the rst derivative test to classify the extrema of the function f (x) = 2x3 +3x2 72x 47. 3. (a) Describe how to use the second derivative test. When does the test fail and what can you do if this happens? (b) Use the second derivative test to classify the extrema of 4x3 + 3x2 6x + 1. 4. (a) Explain how to use the extreme value theorem (p. 272) to nd the absolute maximum and absolute minimum of a continuous function f (x) on a closed interval [a, b]. (b) (MA 113 Exam III, Problem 2, Spring 2009). Find the absolute minimum of the function f (t) = t + 1 t2

on the interval [1, 1]. Be sure to specify the value of t where the minimum is attained. 5. Evaluate the following limits. x+2 9x2 + 1 (b) lim x2 ln x (a)
x x0+ x

lim

(c) lim x2 ex 6. Find the most general antiderivative for each of the following. (a) f (x) = 5x10 + 7x2 + x + 1 (b) g (x) = 2 cos(2x + 1) 1 (c) h(x) = , where 2x + 1 > 0 2x + 1 7. (MA 113 Exam III, Problem 10, Spring 2001). Suppose a rectangle has one side on the x-axis and its other two vertices above the x-axis on the curve y = 80 x4 . Find the dimensions of the rectangle satisfying these conditions and of largest possible area. Be sure to explain how you know you have found the absolute extreme value. 8. If f (2) = 30 and f (x) 4 for 2 x 6, how small can f (6) be? 9. Let f (x) = (x 1) + 1 . x1

(a) Find the y -intercept(s) of the graph of f . (b) Find all vertical asymptotes to the graph of f . (c) Compute f (x) and give the domain of f (x). (d) Use the rst derivative to determine the intervals of increase and decrease for f and nd all local maxima and local minima for f . (e) Compute f (x) and give the domain of f (x).

(f) Use the second derivative to nd intervals of concavity for f . (g) Sketch the graph of f and label all local extrema. Sketch the vertical asymptote(s) with dashed lines. 10. Identify each of the following as true or false. (a) A point in the domain of f where f (x) does not exist is a critical point. (b) Every continuous function on a closed interval will have an absolute minimum and an absolute maximum. (c) If f (c) = 0, f will have either a maximum or a minimum at c. (d) An inection point is an ordered pair. (e) If f (c) = 0 and f (c) > 0 then c is a local minimum. (f) If f (c) = 0 in the second derivative test, we must use some other method to determine if c is a min or max. (g) A continuous function on [a, b] will always have a local maximum or minimum at its endpoints.

Worksheet # 25: Area and Distance

1. Write each of following in summation notation: (a) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 (b) 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 (c) 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128. 3 4 (i + j ) . 2. Compute
i=1 j =1

3. Find the number n such that

i=1

i = 78.

4. A particle starts from rest at a point P and travels with constant acceleration of 5 m/s2 to another point Q. If it takes the particle 30 seconds to travel from P to Q what is the distance between P and Q? 5. Below is the graph of the velocity function for a particle traveling along a straight line. Use several rectangles to estimate (a) the net displacement and (b) the total distance traveled by the particle from t = 0 to t = 5.

6. Below is the graph of the velocity function for a particle traveling along a straight line. Use several rectangles to estimate (a) the net displacement and (b) the total distance traveled by the particle from t = 0 to t = 5.

7. Let A be the area under the curve y = x2 from x = 0 to x = 4. (a) Using right endpoints, nd an expression for A as a limit. Do not evaluate the limit. (b) Estimate the area by taking sample points to be midpoints and using four subintervals.

Worksheet # 26: Denite Integrals

1. (MA 113 Exam IV, Problem 5, Spring 2009). Consider the function x . x1

(a) Compute the Riemann sum for f on the interval [2, 6] with n = 4 subintervals and the left endpoints as sample points. Give the answer as a rational number (fraction). (b) Show that f is decreasing on [2, 6].
6

(c) Without computing less than the integral.

2

f (x) dx, decide whether the Riemann sum in (a) is greater than or

2. Evaluate the following integrals using geometry.

3

(a)
0 2

1 x1 2

dx

(b)
2 10

4 x2 dx |x 5| dx
0 1 2 1 2

(c) 3. Suppose

f (x)dx = 2,
0 1

f (x)dx = 3,
0

g (x)dx = 1, and
0

g (x)dx = 4. Compute the

following using the properties of the integral.

2

(a)
1 2

g (x)dx [2f (x) 3g (x)]dx

0 1

(b) (c)
1 2

g (x)dx
0

(d)
1 2

f (x)dx +
2 1

g (x)dx g (x)dx
2

(e)
0

f (x)dx +

4. Write the following limits of Riemann sums as denite integrals.

n

(a) lim

i=1 n

i3 n4 1 n 2 n 3+ i n 2i n
2

(b) lim

i=1 n

(c) lim
5

2+

i=1

5. Find
0

f (x)dx if f (x) = 3 x x<3 x3

Worksheet # 27: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

1. (MA 113 Exam IV, Problem 9, Spring 2008). (a) State both parts of the fundamental theorem of calculus. Use complete sentences. x (b) Consider the function f on [1, ) dened by f (x) = t5 1dt. Argue that f is increasing. (c) Find the derivative of the function g (x) = 2. Use Part I of the fundamental theorem of calculus to nd the derivative of the following functions. x ( )5 (a) g (x) = 2 + t4 dt
1

x3
1

t5

1dt on (1, ).

(b) F (x) = (c) h(x) = (d) y (x) = (e) G(x) =

x x2

( ) cos t5 dt 3 1 + r3 dr sin3 t dt

0 0

1/x2 x2 x

t sin t dt

3. Use Part II of the fundamental theorem of calculus to evaluate the following integrals or explain why the theorem does not apply. 5 (a) 6x dx (b) (c) (d) (e)
2 7 2 1 1 /4

1 dx x5 eu+1 du sec2 t dt

0 /6 /3

sin 2x dx sin x

4. Below is pictured the graph of the function f (x), its derivative f (x), and an antiderivative f (x) dx. Identify f, f and f dx.

5. Evaluate the following limits by rst recognizing the sum as a Riemann sum.
n i3 n n4 i=1 n 3+ (b) lim n n i=1

(a) lim

i n

(c) lim

n i 2 (2 + 2 n) 2 n n i=1

Worksheet # 28: Indenite Integrals and the Net Change Theorem

1. Compute the denite integral.
2

(a)
0

4x5 + x2 + 2x + 1 dx
/2

(b)
0 16

(sin x + 5 cos x) dx 1+ x dx x 7 dx x3

(c)
1 2

(d)
1

2. Find the general indenite integral. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 15 dx x x2 x dx x cos(x) sin(x) + ex dx (1 + tan2 ) d sin2 y dy [Hint: Use an identity.]

3. Let the velocity of a particle traveling along the x-axis be given by v (t) = t2 3t + 8. Find the displacement and distance traveled by the particle from t = 2 to t = 4 seconds. 4. The velocity of a particle traveling along the x-axis is given by v (t) = 3t2 + 8t + 15 and the particle is initially located 5 m left of the origin. How far does the particle travel from t = 2 seconds to t = 3 seconds? After 3 seconds where is the particle with respect to the origin? 5. (MA 113 Exam IV, Problem 7, Spring 2009). A particle is traveling along a straight line so that its velocity at time t is given by v (t) = 4t t2 (measure in meters per second). (a) Graph the function v (t). (b) Find the total distance traveled by the particle during the time period 0 t 5. (c) Find the net distance traveled by the particle during the time period 0 t 5. 6. An oil storage tank ruptures and oil leaks from the tank at a rate of r(t) = 100e0.01t liters per minute. How much oil leaks out during the rst hour? 7. (Similar to problem 47, p. 397). Draw the region R that lies between the y -axis and the curve x = 2y y 2 from y = 0 to y = 2. To nd the area between a continuous function f and the x-axis
b

on the interval [a, b], we just evaluate

a

f (x) dx. Use some intuition to nd the area of R.

Worksheet # 29: The Substitution Rule

1. Evaluate the following indenite integrals. Be sure to indicate any substitutions that you use. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) 4 (1 + 2x) x2
3

dx

x3 + 1 dx

cos4 sin d 1 (5t + 4)

2.7

dt

sec 2 tan 2 d sec3 x tan x dx x2

3

x3 + 1 dx

dx 2x + 1

2. Evaluate the following denite integrals. Be sure to indicate any substitutions that you use.
7

(a)
0

4 + 3x dx

1/2

(b)
1/6 /2

csc (t) cot (t) dt cos x sin (sin x) dx

0 4

(c) (d)
0 e4

x dx 1 + 2 x2

(e)
e

dx x ln x

(f)
0 3

x cos x2 dx ex sin(ex )dx

0 2

(g) (h)
1

e1/x dx x2
9 3

3. If f is continuous and
0 4

f (x) dx = 4 nd
0

x f (x2 ) dx.
2

4. If f is continuous and
0

f (x) dx = 10, nd
0

f (2x) dx.

5. Identify each of the following statements as true or false. Justify your answer.
b b b

(a) If f and g are continuous on [a, b], then

a b

[f (x)g (x)]dx =
a b

f (x) dx
a

g (x) dx .

(b) If f is continuous on [a, b], then

a

5f (x) dx = 5 f (x) dx.

a

(c) If f is continuous on [1, 3], then

1 1

f (v ) dv = f (3) f (1).

(d)
1 5

x5 6x9 +

sin x (1 + x4 )2

dx = 0.
5

(e)
5

(ax2 + bx + c) dx = 2
0

(ax2 + c) dx.
b

d (f) If f is continuous on [a, b], then dx

a

f (x) dx = f (x).

Worksheet # 30: Review for Exam IV

1. Compute the derivative of the given function. (a) f () = cos(22 + + 2) (b) g (u) = ln(sin2 u)
x
2

(c) h(x) =
3599

t2 tet

+t+1

dt

(d) r(y ) = arccos(y 3 + 1) 2. Compute the following denite integrals.

1

(a)
1 2

eu+1 du 4 x2 dx
2 9

(b) (c)
1

x1 dx x |x 5|dx

10

(d)
0

(e)
0 1

sec2 (t/4)dt xex dx

0
2

(f)

3. Provide the most general antiderivative of the following functions. (a) x4 + x2 + x + 1000 (b) (3x 2)20 sin(ln(x)) (c) x 4. Use implicit dierentiation to nd (a) x2 + xy + y 2 = 16 (b) x2 + 2xy y 2 + x = 2. Also, compute
7 dy dx (1, 2) dy dx .

5. If F (x) =
3x2 +1

cos t dt nd F (x). Justify your work carefully.

6. Suppose a bacteria colony grows at a rate of r(t) = 100 ln(2)2t with t in hours. By how many bacteria does the population increase from time t = 1 to t = 3?
5

7. Use a left Riemann sum with 4 equal subintervals to estimate the value of estimate be larger or smaller than the actual value of denite integral? Explain.
1

x2 dx. Will this

8. A conical tank with radius 5 m and height 10 m is being lled with water at a rate of 3 m3 per minute. How fast is the water level increasing when the height is 3? 9. A rectangular storage container with an open top is to have a volume of 10 m3 . The length of the container is twice its width. Material for the base costs $ 10 per square meter while material for the sides costs $ 6 per square meter. Find the materials cost for the cheapest possible container. 10. State the mean value theorem. Then if 3 f (x) 5 for all x, nd the maximum possible value for f (8) f (2).