Report Writing

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REPORT WRITING

Summary of this page Introduction Difference between essays and reports Structure of a report Presentation of a report Common problems Links to other sites

SUMMARY OF THIS PAGE Report writing is an essential skill for professionals. A report aims to inform, as clearly and succinctly as possible. Below we give some general guidelines, but you should check with your lecturer for more detail on what is expected. A report is similar to an essay in that both need:

formal style introduction, body and conclusion analytical thinking careful proof-reading and neat presentation

A report differs from an essay in that a report:


presents information, not an argument is meant to be scanned quickly by the reader uses numbered headings and sub-headings uses short, concise paragraphs and dot-points where applicable uses graphics wherever possible (tables, graphs, illustrations) may need an abstract (sometimes called an executive summary) does not always need references and bibliography

is often followed by recommendations and/or appendices

A report should generally include the following sections. (Sections marked with an asterisk (*) are essential: others are optional depending on the type, length and purpose of the report.)

Letter of transmittal Title page* Table of contents List of abbreviations and/or glossary Executive summary/abstract Introduction* Body* Conclusion* Recommendations Bibliography Appendices

Presentation and style are important. First impressions count, so consider these simple tips:

use plenty of white space ensure the separate parts of your report stand out clearly use subheadings allow generous spacing between the elements of your report use dot points/ numbers/ letters to articulate these elements use tables and figures (graphs, illustrations, maps etc) for clarification. number each page use consistent and appropriate formatting use formal language

Avoid these:

the inclusion of careless, inaccurate, or conflicting data the inclusion of outdated or irrelevant data facts and opinions that are not separated unsupported conclusions and recommendations careless presentation and proof-reading too much emphasis on appearance and not enough on content.

End of Summary INTRODUCTION Report writing is an essential skill for professionals in almost every field: accountants, teachers, graphic designers, information scientists (the list goes on). Thats one of the reasons why your lecturers will almost certainly require you to write reports during your period of study at the University of Canberra. A report aims to inform, as clearly and succinctly as possible. It should be easy to read, and professional in its presentation. Exactly what you include in your report and how you present it will vary according to your discipline and the specific purpose of the report. Here we give some general guidelines, but you should check with your lecturer for more detail on what is expected. REPORTS AND ESSAYSWHATS THE DIFFERENCE? A common problem is that students transfer what they have learned about essay writing to report writing. Both essays and reports need:

formal style careful proof-reading and neat presentation introduction, body and conclusion analytical thinking

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