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    Bio ACE Form 4

    Uploaded by

    Myramel Klaris
    This is a compact notes of chapter 2 Form 4 Biology. If you want this document, please email me at [email protected]

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Bio ACE Form 4

    Uploaded by

    Myramel Klaris
    772 views3 pages
    This is a compact notes of chapter 2 Form 4 Biology. If you want this document, please email me at [email protected]

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    This is a compact notes of chapter 2 Form 4 Biology. If you want this document, please email me at [email protected]

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    772 views3 pages

    Bio ACE Form 4

    Uploaded by

    Myramel Klaris
    This is a compact notes of chapter 2 Form 4 Biology. If you want this document, please email me at [email protected]

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    CHAPTER 2: CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

    Cellular Component Cell membrane Cell wall (plant cell only) Cytoplasm Nucleus RER (with ribosomes) Function -controls the movement of substances into and out of cell -gives support and a fized shape -protects the plant cell -supplies the organelles with necessary substances -controls all the activities in the cell -carries hereditary information -synthesises & transports proteins made by ribosomes (present in large amount in gut cells. Pancreatic cells) -synthesises and transports lipids (present in large amount in liver and testes) -synthesises protein -produces ATP, energy source for cell (sperm cell, flight muscle, meristemic cell, liver cell, kidney cell) -transport and stores lipids -produces digestive enzymes -forms lyosomes -storage of food -digestion and waste removal -involved in cell division -has chlorophyll to absorb sunlight (abundance in palisade mesophyll cell)

    CELL STRUCTURE

    Comparison between the structure of animal and plant cell Similarities - Both have a nucleus, cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes.
    DENSITY OF CHLOROPLAST IN PALISADE MESOPHYLL CELL

    SER (without ribosomes) Ribosomes Mitochondria

    Golgi apparatus

    Vacuole Centriole Chloroplast

    Waxed cuticle Upper epidermis Palisade mesophyll cells Spongy mesophyll cells Guard cells Vascular bundle

    Reduce water loss through transpiration Transparent thin layer of cells which allows sunlight to reach mesophyll layer Densely packed with chloroplasts for absorption of sunlight Large air spaces between cells allow gaseous exchange between the cells and the surrounding air Control the closing and opening of stomata Xylem-transport of water Phloem- transport of food and mineral salts

    Made by: MYRAMEL KLARIS

    CELL ORGANISATION

    Characteristics
    Habitat Features

    Paramecium
    -Fresh water

    Characteristics Habitat Features

    Amoeba -Fresh water 2

    Tissue fluid is an organisms internal environment Homeostasis: is the maintenance of optimal environments is: - Temperature: circulatory, integumentary, and skeletal system - Osmotic pressure: nervous and endocrine system - Glucose level: endocrine and circulatory system

    Locomotion

    Feeding

    Reproduction

    -By the rhythmic beating of its cilia causes the Paramecium to move forward as it rotates on its axis -Sweeping movement of cilia moves the food along the oral groove into the gullet and the cytostome, food vacuoles form and circulates while the food is being digested. -Any undigested food goes at the anal pore -Under right condition: asexually. Binary fission -If conversely, by conjugation

    Locomotion Feeding

    Reproduction

    -By flowing its cytoplasm forward, forming a pseudopodium --(phagocytosis) -extension of two pseudopodia -pseudopodia encircle the food -food is trapped within a vacuole -indigestible material is expelled -Right condition: asexually, binary fission -Conversely: spore formation (no food and dry condition)

    5 LEVEL CELL ORGANISATION


    cells tissues organ

    STAGES CELL HUMAN -muscle cell, w.b.c, r.b.c, epithelial cell

    TISSUE -connective tissue, muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, nervous tissue 1-ground tissue

    ORGAN -heart, liver, lung, stomach, intestine -leaf, flower, stem, root

    PLANT
    organism organ systems

    1-parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma

    SYSTEM ORGANISM -digestive -human system, endocrine system, respiratory system -shoot -plant system, root system
    Made by: MYRAMEL KLARIS

    Made by: MYRAMEL KLARIS

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