Unit 4 Study Guide Solutions - Kinetics & Thermo
Unit 4 Study Guide Solutions - Kinetics & Thermo
Unit 4 Study Guide Solutions - Kinetics & Thermo
Review Problems 1. The collisions of gas particles with the surface of a container combine to produce pressure. 2. A gas will spread throughout a room due to the random motion of its particles. 3. a) A 2 L balloon at 30 C is cooled in a refrigerator to 10 C. What is the new volume of the balloon?
b) A 400 mL cylinder at 1 atm and 300 K is compressed to 200 mL and heated to 350 K. What is the new pressure inside the compressed cylinder?
4. STP values are 0 C or 273 K, and 1 atm or 760 mm Hg. 5. Convert: 20 C = 293 K 15 C = 258 K 300 K = 27 C
6. Absolute zero occurs at 0 K or 273 C 7. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles. 8. A canister holds 3.2 moles of oxygen gas at 2.8 atm and 300 K. What is the volume of the canister? PV = nRT 2.8V = 3.20.0821300 a) He 2.8V = 78.82 b) O2 solute = salt c) Ne V = 28.1 L d) CO e) H2O
solvent = water
11. A solute will dissolve due to the attraction between solvent and solute particles, and the random motion of solvent particles. 12. Does increasing the surface area of the solute increase or decrease the dissolving rate? Increase 13. Calculate the molarity when 10 grams of salt (NaCl) are dissolved into a 400 mL solution.
0.43 M 14. Which would lower the freezing point of water the most? 15. Describe the distillation process. A mixture of liquids is heated to the boiling point of one of the liquids. That liquid vaporizes while the other liquid(s) remains behind. The vapor that is produced is then cooled and condensed back into a liquid in a separate container. 16. When heat flows from a hot block of steel to a cold block of aluminum, what gets transferred? a) fast moving particles b) thermal energy c) temperature a) LiNO3 b) C2H6 c) Mg(OH)2
17. An endothermic reaction feels cold (hot/cold) and absorbs (absorbs/releases) heat. 18. As a substance condenses, heat is released. As a substance melts, heat is absorbed.
19. a) If water absorbs 300 calories as it is heated from 10 C to 45 C, what is the mass of the water? Q = m(T)C 300 = m(30)1 Q = 200855 m = 10 g
b) The latent heat of fusion for ethanol is 855 J/g. How much heat is required to melt 200 g of ethanol? Q = mH Q = 171,000 J
20. From the following heats of reaction: 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) 2S(s) + 3O2(g) 2SO3(g) Calculate the heat of reaction for: S(s) + O2(g) SO2(g)
H = 196 kJ H = 790 kJ H = ? kJ
+196 2 790 2
H = 297 kJ
Full explanation: Switch the top equation to get SO2 on the right
H = +196 kJ H = 790 kJ
O2(g)
H = +98 kJ H = 395 kJ
O2(g) SO3(g)
Divide both equations by 2 to get the correct coefficients for S and SO2
SO3(g) + S(s) +
O2(g) SO2(g) +
O2(g) + SO3(g)
H = 297 kJ