What is Salafiyyah? | Why Salafiyyah? | What makes you a Salafi?

Salafiyyah
from the book, 'Hadhihi Mafahimuna' by Shaikh Saaleh ibn Abdul-Aziz Aal-Shaikh
With additional quotes of; Shaikhul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah Shaikh ibnil-Qayyim Allamah Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baz Allamah ibn al-Uthaimeen Shaikh Yusuf al-Ghafees

Compiled and Translated by Shawana A. Aziz

About the Book

The first section of this book is a translation of a small section from the book, 'Hadhihi Mafahimuna' by Shaikh Saaleh ibn Abdul-Aziz ibn Muhammad ibn Ibraheem Aal-Shaikh (hafidhahullah), who writes in the introduction, "in every region of the world, where you find grave-worshipers, you will most probably find a group following the guidance of Prophet Muhammad , who are neither deceived nor affected by doubts they are the Ghuraba (strangers) in many lands, guiding the people to the Sunnah, and guiding them to the Tawheed, and turning the hearts to Allah, to fearing and revering Him, to hope for what is with Him, attaching the hearts to their Creator Alone, and not to any of the creation. They do not love, except for Allah, and they do not hate, except for Allah, and they do not worship except Him. Their concern is calling the people to the Tawheed of their Rabb in the actions; actions of the heart and actions of the limbs. They call themselves: 'Followers of as-Salaf as-Saaleh'. He is honored, who follows them (i.e., as-Salaf as-Saaleh) contrary to the one, who is disgraced because of his following al-Khalaf at-Taaleh (i.e., the evil Khalaf). Their enemies call them, 'Wahhabis' or 'Extremists' and seek to publish books defying the Dawah of the Shaikh, the reformer, Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab (rahimahullah) as a (means of) refuting them, and the followers of the pure Salafi Dawah." [end quote]
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Further, towards the end of the book (p. 215), the Shaikh writes a short but notably comprehensive explanation of;

'Meaning of Ascribing Oneself to the Salaf and Salafiyyah', And in this section, the Shaikh has elaborated upon a number of issues, which are essential to be clearly understood by everyone, who ascribes himself to Salafiyyah, beginning with;

Defining Salafi and Khalafi, and as-Salaf as-Saaleh. The need and importance of following as-Salaf as-Saaleh. How one's Approach and Way becomes Salafi or Khalafi? Why all misguided groups are capable of deriving their deviated ideologies from apparent proofs of the Qur'an and the Hadeeth? The Three Sources from which the Khalaf derive Doubts for Justifying their Bidahs (innovations). The Way Out of Deriving false beliefs from Qur'anic verses and Ahadeeth of the Prophet. The Salafi Attitude with regards to three situations; o o o All or some of the Sahabah have acted or supported an act, and there is no disagreement known. Some Sahabah have acted upon an act while others - who are more in number - have opposed them in the issue. The issue is not acted upon by the Sahabah (at all).

And then the Shaikh ends with a summary and praise for those, who follow the Sahabah in what they acted upon and in what they left, in their knowledge, understanding and actions.
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In order to make the reader's understanding of Salafiyyah more comprehensive, additional clarifications and explanations from the words of Major Scholars were appended concerning the Salaf's Way of Differing and Disagreements, because Salafiyyah is following the Salaf in all matters, including their way of differing and unity;

There is NO Disagreement in Aqeedah neither amongst the Sahabah, nor those who came after them Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta ..33 Salafiyyah is not a Hizbi (partisan) Madhhab, such that everyone who differs is considered astray - except in matters of Aqeedah in the words of Allamah ibn al-Uthaimeen (rahimahullah)...35 Differentiating between Disagreements which can be excused and Disagreements that cannot be excused - in the words of Allamah Ibn Baaz and Allamah ibn al-Uthaimeen.37 Replying to those who say, 'there no Condemnation with regard to issues concerning which the scholars have differed'? - with references from various scholars..48 Can it be said 'there is no Inkaar in issues of Khilaaf' with regards to the issue of listening to music and unveiling of a woman's face? in the words of Shaikh Saleh Aal-Shaikh.58 Beware of the Scholar's Mistakes but DO NOT totally abandon him in the words of Shaikh Saleh aal-Shaikh.62 Salafiyyah does NOT contradict following Madhhabs in the words of Shaikh Yusuf al-Ghafees..69

And finally an advice of Shaikh Saaleh Aal-Shaikh to those who Call to Salafiyyah: Do NOT Constrict the Scope of Salafi Dawah.76

May Allah make this booklet a source of enlightenment for those, who ascribe themselves to as-Salaf as-Saaleh, and a means of clarification/ elucidation for those who oppose Salafiyyah. I ask Allah to forgive my errors, and accept my humble efforts to highlight the guidance of the scholars. Ameen, Ya ar-Hamar RaHeemeen.

Translator, Shawana A. Aziz Friday 13th, Jumadha ath-Thani 1433, (4th May 2012) facebook.com/Shawana.A.Aziz
- COMMITTED to SPREADING the Deen in the WORDS of the Scholars

___________________________________________

"'Our Lord! Punish us not if we forget or fall into error." [Soorah al-Baqarah (2): 286]
______________________________________________________ All titles and sub-titles with an asterisk (*) at the end of the statement are by the translator.

Shaikh Saaleh ibn Abdul-Aziz ibn Muhammad Aal-Shaikh ( ) writes

in 'Hadhihi Mafahimuna' (p. 215): _________________________________

Who are as-Salaf as-Saaleh and why follow them?*

Muslims are of two categories;

Salafiyoon ( Khalafiyoon (

sing. Salafi )
sing. Khalafi )

Salafiyoon are the followers of (the understanding of) as-Salaf asSaaleh (i.e., the pious predecessors). (as-Salaf: the predecessors, asSaaleh: the pious)

Khalafiyoon are the followers of the understandings of the Khalaf

(those who came later on), and they are called innovators - because anyone, who is not pleased with the way of as-Salaf as-Saaleh in knowledge, action and understanding - is a 'Khalafi Mubtadi (an innovator who is following the understanding of the Khalaf)'.

 As-Salaf as-Saaleh ( ) are 'the best generations'. At

their head are the Sahabah (Companions) of the Prophet - those whom Allah has praised in His Saying (Soorah al-Fath (48): 29);

"Muhammad () is the Messenger of Allah, and those who are with him are severe against disbelievers, and merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and falling down prostrate"

The Prophet (also) praised them in his saying,

,
"The best of mankind is my generation, then those who follow them, then those who follow them" [Saheeh al-Bukharee (2652) and Saheeh Muslim (2533)]

Many statements of the Sahabah themselves, and of the Taba'een have been reported in succession statements of praise for the Sahabah as a group, and (admiration of) following their Maslak (way).

Ibn Mas'ood said, "Whosoever amongst you wants to follow an example, then let him follow the example of the Sahabah of Prophet Muhammad ;

they were the most pious hearted, the most deep-rooted in knowledge, the least pretentious, the most consistent in guidance, they had the best state of affairs, and they are the people whom Allah chose to accompany His
Prophet and establish His Deen. So, know their virtue and follow them in their aathaar (i.e., statements and actions) for they were upon the upright guidance."

This is an agreed upon matter amongst the Ahlus-Sunnah, and none of them have disagreed concerning this. So, if the Sahabah hold such great virtue, then no wonder that the Muslim is honored to ascribe (himself) to the way of the Sahabah ascribing to the Sahabah's way in

understanding the Book and the Sunnah, and interpreting the Book and the Sunnah and, acting upon the text (of the Deen).

How one's Approach and Way becomes Salafi?*

Every misguided group in the Ummah, derived its objectives and ideologies from the Qur'anic verses and ahadeeth (but their understanding was) against/contradicted the Salaf's understanding of these verses and Ahadeeth. They exploited this (i.e., understanding the texts of the Deen according to their own understanding) to such an extent that they called each other disbelievers, and they brought up some parts of the Book of Allah against another - all this due to their understanding of the text according to what each group claimed (to be the correct understanding). So, every deviated group began claiming, "We take (our objectives and understandings) from the Qur'an and the Sunnah." The issue thus, became uncertain/vague for those who are weak in perception/awareness and have little knowledge.

The Way Out of these Perverse Claims is Ittiba (following) of the way of the best generation;

what they understood from the texts is al-Haqq (i.e., the correct and established understanding), AND

what they did not understand, and did not act upon, is NOT al-Haqq (i.e., the correct and established understanding).

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Likewise, (following) those who followed them in the good and took (the knowledge and understanding) from the Sahabah.

So, one's Approach and Way becomes Salafi by;

Deriving one's understanding from the Manhaj (way) of these Sahabah - in understanding the Book and the Sunnah, and taking (one's understanding) from what is authentically reported from the Sahabah through Marfoo narrations.
(Marfoo narration is a narration in which words, actions or approvals are attributed to the Prophet.)

AND

Abandoning the intellectual opinions and the innovated understandings.

And he, whosoever's approach is not like this, then he has become a Khalafi innovator.
________________________________

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with regards to three situations*

If what has been explained earlier, is established (and understood), then every issue of knowledge ought to have one of the following three situations: 1. All or some of the Sahabah, and those who followed them, have supported it and acted upon it - and no disagreement is known. 2. Some of them (i.e., the Sahabah) have acted upon it while others who are more in number - have opposed them in the issue. 3. The issue is not acted upon by them (at all).

The Salafi Attitude

The First Situation is that all or some of the Sahabah have

acted upon the issue, and no disagreement/opposition is known concerning it then without doubt, this issue is the established/ practiced Sunnah, and the clear and manifest Nahj (way), and as-Siraat al-Mustaqeem (the Straight Path). It is not permissible for anyone to oppose/disagree with the Sahabah in this situation. Examples of this category - from Aqaaid (beliefs) and Ibadaat (acts of worship) - are famous, and too many to be mentioned here.

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The Second Situation is that some Sahabah have acted upon

it, while others have opposed them - and those (who have opposed) are more (in number). Such that the Sahabah in general have reported and acted differently from what those few have preferred.

The Obligation of Following the Majority*:

(Imaam) Ash-Shatibi said in 'al-Mu'afiqaat fi Usool ash-Sharee'ah' (3/57) concerning the obligation of following the majority, " as for that which is not acted upon except by few, then it is obligatory to verify it, and to be careful in acting according to it, and (it is obligatory) to stick to that which is famous and (acted upon by) the majority. The majority of the Awwaleen's1 continued opposition of the few would have either been due to;

a Sharee'ah reason OR a non-Sharee'ah reason.

(However,) It is false that it would have been for a non-Shar'ee reason. It surely must have been for a Shar'ee reason. So, if it is so, then acting in accordance with (the action of) the few is like opposing the cause which lead the majority to (oppose the action of the few) So it is necessary to seek that which they sought, and be in agreement with that which they adhered to." [end quote]
1

Awwaleen: those who were the foremost to embrace Islam.

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Then he (ash-Shatibi) said, "For this reason, it is necessary for the Aamil (the one, who acts) to seek action in accordance with the (action of the) Awwaleen. He should not allow himself to act in accordance with the few except in rare cases; when in need and when necessity strikes (and only) if it is required to choose (between that which is famous and that which is acted upon by few) and it is not feared that

the act is abrogated, the daleel (evidence) lacks authenticity or there is a possibility that the daleel (evidence) does not rise to the status of being a Hujjah (proof)

or any other similar reasons.

As for, if one were to act upon the (action of the) few always,
then the case is necessarily one of the following;

Opposition to the Awwaleen in their abandonment of the act, and differing from the Salaf in this matter. Calling for not acting upon that which they (the majority of the Salaf) acted upon, because they (the majority of the Salaf) acted different from those (few) aathaar so, holding on to acting in accordance with that which the majority did not act upon is opposing that which they (the majority) adhered to.

An excuse to wipe out the information of what the Salaf acted upon, and to propagate what the Salaf opposed Be warned! Be warned against opposing the Awwaleen!" [end quote of Imam Shaatibi (rahimahullah)]
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------------------------ Translator's Note -----------------------An Example of the Second Situation: Some Sahabah have acted upon it, while others who are more in number - have opposed them.

Following the spatial traces of the Prophet2

It is not permissible to track or seek Barakah (i.e., blessings) from the spatial (i.e., relating to place) traces of the Prophet like places where he walked, prayed or halted during a journey. There is no authentic report in this regard from the Sahabah except about Ibn Umar ( ,) who used to track the places where Allah's Messenger had performed prayers, and he would perform prayers in those places. Shaikh Saleh aal-Shaikh writes concerning this, "The act of Ibn Umar as it appears to be (and) as is understood by the late-comers - was intentionally aimed at seeking Barakah from these places but Ibn Umar intended complete Iqtida (i.e., following of the Prophet) and such was not done by any Sahabah other than him, and they did not agree with Ibn Umar. In fact, his father (Umar ibn Khattab ) forbade the people from following the spatial traces (of the Prophet ). The statement of the father (i.e., Umar ibn Khattab ) takes precedence over the son's (Ibn Umar's) opinion during disagreement as is agreed upon by all, and this (act of Ibn
2

Read more about, What is Barakah? How YOU can achieve Barakah? When does

seeking Barakah amount to Shirk? Reply to those who seek Barakah from the graves and the righteous, and explanation and lessons to be learnt from the famous narration of Abu Waqid al-Laythee in this regard All in the words of scholars in the upcoming book, 'Achieving Barakah blessings of Allah' - www.qsep.com
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Umar) is a disagreement which cannot contest the agreement of the Sahabah's action in abandoning what Ibn Umar did. There is no doubt that the truth and correctness is with Umar and the other Sahabah, and it is more worthy of being followed and it is the decisive (stance) and Allah Knows best." [end quote from Hadhihi Mafahimuna]

------------------------ end of Translator's Note ------------------------

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The Third Situation is that the issue is not acted upon by them
(the Sahabah, and those who followed them). There is no disagreement that every (action), which is apart from what they followed, is a Bidah (innovation) and evil if one observes it in order to draw closer to His Lord through it. (however) It is NOT a Bidah if the action is a custom (through which one does not seek to draw closer to Allah) because the basic principle (concerning customs) is that it is permissible. It is therefore, said to everyone who, performs an act which is not according to the way of the Salaf, and their understanding of the Book and the Sunnah: that you are a sinning innovator, follower of a way which is different from the way of the Mu'mineen (believers).

The innovations that were not acted upon by the Sahabah, might be beautified by those, who attribute themselves to knowledge due to desires. "and this is all wrong, it is following the way of the Mulhideen. Those who have come to know of these concepts (which are against the way of the Salaf), and have followed them is either because;

they have grasped such understanding of the Sharee'ah that was not understood by the Awwaloon (i.e., the Sahabah), OR

they have turned away from the understanding of the Awwaloon (i.e., the Sahabah).

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The second (reason) is true (i.e., they have turned away from the understanding of as-Salaf as-Saaleh) because it is the predecessors from as-Salaf as-Saaleh, who were upon the Straight Path, and they did not understand the proofs stated (by those who came later on), etc. except in the way they (i.e., the Sahabah) understood, and these innovations were not in them and they did not act upon it." [end quote of Imam ash-Shatibi from 'al-Muwafiqaat', (3/73)]

------------------------ Translator's Note -----------------------An Example of the Third Situation: The issue is not acted upon by the Sahabah (at all)

The Bidah of Tawassul by the Dhaat of Prophet

A narration in Tirmidhee mentions the story of a blind man, who requests the Prophet to supplicate for his sight to be restored. Allah's Messenger's teaches him a Dua, which includes Tawassul by the Prophet's Dua (which is one of the 3 prescribed forms of Tawassul) BUT the proponents of Tawassul by the Dhaat (person) of the Prophet insist that the Tawassul taught by the Prophet is Tawassul by the Dhaat of the Prophet. So, one of the arguments, which the scholars bring up in reply to the proponents of Tawassul by Dhaat is that such an act is not acted upon by the Sahabah at all and therefore, Shaikh Abdul-Aziz aal-Shaikh writes in reply to Maliki al-Alawi, "He who thinks that this Hadeeth (of the blind man) holds proof of Tawassul by Dhaat, then he is required to be cross-examined, and
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he should be asked, "How did this supplication which contains Tawassul by Dhaat be kept hidden from the blind Sahabah such that they neither used it during his life nor after his death, nor those who came after them (acted in such a manner) although man is always eager over their body parts and sense organs!" We know from this that the Hadeeth contains Tawassul by the supplication of the Prophet and not by his Dhaat." [end quote from Hadhi Mafahimuna, (p. 37)]3

Read more refutation of the arguments of the proponents of Tawassul by the Dhaat

of the Prophet (in the words of the scholars) in our upcoming books, insha'Allah.
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_________________________________________________ Another Example of the Third Situation: The issue is not acted upon by the Sahabah (at all)

The Bidah of Celebrating Mawlid of the Prophet

Shaikh Saleh ibn Fawzan al-Fawzaan writes, "Mawlid an-Nabawi is indisputably a prohibited innovation originated by the Fatimite Shi'ah after the three best generations in order to corrupt the Deen of the Muslims. The first one to encourage this celebration was King Muzaffar Abu Sa'eed Kaukabouri, the king of Irbil at the end of the sixth century or at the beginning of the seventh century as has been documented by historians like Ibn Katheer, Ibn Khalkan and others." Shaikh further writes in reply to those who claim that celebrating Mawlid is a way of honoring the Prophet: "Honoring the Prophet is in his Ittiba (following); acting upon his commands, refraining from that which he has prohibited and loving him. Loving the Prophet is not by innovation, corruption, sin and commemoration of celebrations in memory of his birthday in this undesirable way because it is a sin. The Sahabah were the ones, who honored Allah's Messenger the most as Urwa ibn Mas'ood said to the Quraish, "O people, by Allah I have visited kings. I went to Caesar, Chosroes and the Negus, but by Allah I have never seen a king whose companions respected him as much as the companions of Muhammad respected Muhammad.

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...If he instructed them to do something, they would hasten to do as he commanded. When he performed wudhu, they would almost fight over his water. When he spoke they would lower their voices in his presence; and they did not look him in the eye out of respect for him." [Saheeh al-Bukharee] Even with this enormous amount of respect and honor for Allah's Messenger, the Sahabah did not commemorate a celebration or carnival on his birthday. If it was a prescribed matter, they would not have missed it." [end quote from Hukm al-Ahtifaal bi-Dhika alMawlid an-Nabawi. English translation of the book is available on www.qsep.com: 'Ruling concerning Mawlid an-Nabawi']

------------------------ End of Translator's Note ------------------------

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How do the Khalaf derive their doubts

for the justification of their Bidah - and the Way Out*

from the Quran and the Ahaadeeth?

Innovations (Bidah) are of types, from them are:

Bidah that constitute Shirk. Bidah that lead to Shirk. Bidah that wipe out the Sunan (pl. of Sunnah).

None of these Bidahs were existent during the time of the Sahabah and the Taba'een at all;

There were no graves during their time where seclusion was practiced near it, domes built over it or Istashfa (intercession) sought from the dead buried in it.

There was no Tawassul by the Hurmah (honor), Jah or Dhaat of the Prophets and the righteous. There was no seeking graves for Dua near it.

There were no Mawaleed (sing. Mawlid) celebrations (i.e., celebrating the birthday of the prophet, etc.)

All this were non-existent during their time by the consensus of the Muslims. So because this was the case (i.e., there were no Bidahs prevalent during the time of the Sahabah), the Khalaf derived their doubts for the justification of their Bidah through three sources:

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1. The noble verses which they misinterpreted (Ta'weel) according to their views (and ideas) by distorting (Tahreef) their meanings (example coming ahead). 2. Two kinds of Ahaadeeth;

Authentic Ahaadeeth that is neither in accordance with their understanding nor in agreement with their objectives. So they distort it from its meaning and context (example coming ahead).

Unfounded and fabricated Ahaadeeth - and how many they have of these! How great is their pleasure with it! How great is its significance for them! and How much they love to repeat it and spread it!

3. Stories and dreams which they report as if they were sources of Sharee'ah.

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------------------------ Translator's Note -----------------------An Example of Misinterpreted Qur'anic Verse Since ages, the proponents of Tawassul by the Dhaat of the Prophet , have misinterpreted verse 89 of Soorah al-Baqarah to suit their stance by claiming that the Jews before the advent of Islam used to invoke Allah for victory by the Haqq (right) of the promised Prophet who will be sent at the end of time. Shaikhul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah explains the correct interpretation and refutes the misinterpretation in Qaidah Jalilah fi Tawassul walWaseelah, para 621: "Concerning the verse,

"When there came to them (the Jews), a Book (i.e., the Qur'an) from Allah confirming what is with them (i.e., Tawrah) and the Injeel (Gospel) although aforetime they had ( ) invoked Allah in order to gain victory over those who disbelieved, then when there came to them that which they had recognized - they disbelieved in it. So let the curse of Allah be on the disbelievers." [Soorah al-Baqarah (2): 89] The Jews used to threaten the Mushrikeen (polytheist) saying, "This Prophet will be sent and we will wage war against you alongside him and we will kill you." The Jews neither swore upon Allah nor supplicated by the Prophets Dhaat (person) rather, they would say, "O Allah, send this unlettered Prophet so that we may follow him
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and kill these (polytheists/idol-worshippers) alongside him." This is the established explanation with the scholars of Tafseer (interpretation of the Quraan), and the Quraan testifies to this explanation. Allah says,

although aforetime they used to ( .) (

from the word -

IstiftaH)

al-IstaftaH (

) is al-Istansar (

which means asking Fath ( i.e., victory) and Nasr ( i.e., triumph). So asking Fath (victory) and Nasr (triumph) by the Prophet means that the Prophet be sent so that the Jews would fight alongside him and thus become victorious. Asking Fath (victory) and Nasr (triumph) by the Prophet does not mean swearing by the Prophet or supplicating by the (Dhaat of the) Prophet. If ( ) meant swearing by the Prophet and supplicating by (the Dhaat of) the Prophet , then when the Jews swore by the Prophet or asked by him , then the Jews must have been granted victory. But the matter was not such. Rather when Allah sent Muhammad , He gave victory - to those who believed in him and struggled with him - over those who opposed him." [end quote of Ibn Taymiyyah] ________________________________________________________

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An Example of Distorting an Authentic Hadeeth

"He, who initiates a Sunnah Husna in Islam"

The proponents of Bidah often distort the meaning of the following Hadeeth to justify their innovations: "He, who establishes/initiates a Sunnah Husna (good Sunnah) in Islam, he will have the reward of those who perform it after him until the Day of Judgment." [Saheeh Muslim]

Shaikh Fawzan says (in al-Muntaqa min Fatawa Shaikh Salih ibn Fawzan al-Fawzan, (1/173) while explaining the correct understanding of the Hadeeth, "This Hadeeth does not prove their stance because Allah's Messenger did not say, 'Whosoever innovates a Bidah,' rather he said, "Whosoever initiates a good Sunnah." and Sunnah is the opposite of Bidah. Sunnah is something that is in agreement with the Qur'aan and the Sunnah and in agreement with the proof. So (the meaning of the Hadeeth is) he, who performs a Sunnah which is proved by the Qur'aan and the Sunnah, he will have the reward of it (his action) and the reward of those who perform it until the Day of Judgment. (Thus,) Whoever revives a Sunnah and performs it for the

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people, and enlightens it before them, and they follow him then he will have the reward equal to theirs.

The reason/context of the Hadeeth is well-known. When some needy people came to Allah's Messenger , he was grieved to see their state, and he ordered and encouraged Sadaqah (charity). One man from the Sahabah stood up and gave in charity a huge amount and the people followed him because he took the first step. Allah's Messenger said on this occasion, "He, who (Sanna) establishes/ initiates a Sunnah Husna (good Sunnah) in Islam, he will have the reward of those who perform it after him until the Day of Judgment." [Saheeh Muslim] So, this man performed a Sunnah i.e., Sadaqah and helping the poor. Sadaqah is not a Bidah because it is ordered in the Qur'an and the Sunnah. It is a Sunnah Husna. He, who revives a Sunnah and acts upon it and enlightens it for the people until they follow him, he will have the reward equal to their rewards." [end quote of Shaikh Fawzan]

------------------------ End of Translator's Note ------------------------

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The Way Out of Deriving (false beliefs)

from the verses and Authentic Ahadeeth can be in two ways:

1. What the innovator is deriving (from the Qur'anic verses and authentic Ahadeeth) is not the intended meaning (of these texts). The people of Sunnah who follow the understanding of the Salaf understand (these Qur'anic verses and authentic Ahadeeth) in a way that is different from the understanding of the innovators. So, the understanding of the Khalaf will be rejected by the understanding of the Salaf.

2. The second is a branch of the first. It is asked, 'Did as-Salaf as-Saaleh observe the understanding of the Khalaf while understanding these (verses and ahaadeeth) or they did not observe it?' It is an agreed upon matter that the Salaf did not observe these innovations, and the Mubtadi (the innovator) cannot bring an act of the Salaf which is contrary to the actions of the Sahabah because the AhlusSunnah are followers of the actions of the Awwaloon from the Sahabah and the Taba'een in contrast to the Khalaf, who do what they are NOT ordered to do. It is narrated from Umar ibn al-Khattab concerning this:

"Verily, there will be people, who will argue with you with doubts in the Qur'an, so take them (i.e., reply to them) with the Sunnah,

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because the people of Sunan are the most knowledgeable concerning the Book of Allah." [ad-Daarimee, p. 220]

You, therefore, do not find any misguided group or any opponent incapable of deriving his ideology from the apparent proofs whereas the (main) concern and accuracy is in the correctness of the Istadlaal (the deriving) and not the Istadlaal alone.

(Imaam) Ash-Shatibi wrote after explaining what is said above, "It is required from every one who looks into the Sharee'ah proof to adhere to the understanding and action of the Awwaloon concerning the proof. This is most worthy of being correct and most sound in knowledge and actions." [end quote]

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Conclusion*:
If the above is clear and manifest, and the truth is known and elevated, (the attitude of) those, who are honored to ascribe themselves to asSalaf as-Saaleh, revolves around these issues:

1. They act upon that which is popularly known to be acted upon by the Sahabah. 2. If one of the Sahabah or a few of them acted upon an issue, and others opposed them then they return the issue to Allah and the Messenger as their Lord has ordered them with it when He said, "O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger (Muhammad ), and those of you who are in authority. (And) if you differ in anything amongst yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger, if you believe in Allah and in the Last Day. That is better and more suitable for final determination." [Soorah an-Nisa (4): 59] Allah has thus, ordered returning the issue back to His noble Qur'an and His Messenger - i.e., returning to the Prophet during his life, and to his established authentic Sunnah after his death, and considering the act of the majority for Ittiba (following).

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There has not appeared any disorder/deficiency in the principle (of those who follow/ascribe themselves to the Salaf), and their principle is not marred by confusion. It is the established fundamental, the clear way and the straight path. The four Imams have followed it in most of their understanding (of the Deen)May Allah have Mercy upon them and reward them abundantly.

3. Whatever was not acted upon by the esteemed Sahabah - with regards to acts of worship - is a Bidah (innovation) which is innovated by the late-comers (because);

The Sahabah did not stop at what they stopped, except due to sound insight and acclaimed understanding of the Book and the Sunnah.

The Sahabah did not leave what they left from what was innovated after them - despite the existence of the same reasons which the innovators use to justify their innovations - except out of understanding of the religion. And their leaving (these matters) is a practical Sunnah.

The Sahabah did not avoid what they avoided from that which those, who later on seek rewards and merit - except because the action was not from the Deen. Because the Sahabah were the most concerned/desiring for the good and most seeking to enter the doors of prescribed obedience.

The Sahabah did not leave any permissible matter but they acted upon it, and sought rewards and nearness to Allah through it.

31

How fortunate is he who follows them (i.e., the Sahabah) in what they acted upon and in what they left, in their knowledge, understanding and actions. How worthy is he of every good! and how befitting is he to be worthy of being favored by Allah in all his affairs!

________________________________ This is the END of

'Meaning of Ascribing Oneself to the Salaf and Salafiyyah'

By Shaikh Saaleh ibn Abdul-Aziz ibn Muhammad Aal-Shaikh () from 'Hadhihi Mafahimuna' (p. 215-221) ________________________________

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Appendix: 1

There is NO Disagreement in Aqeedah,

neither amongst the Sahabah, nor those, who came after them from Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah
Permanent Committee Fataawa (group.2, vol.1, no.21008) Members: Shaikh Bakr Abu Zayd, Shaikh Saaleh al-Fawzan and Shaikh Abdullah ibn Ghudayyan. Chairman: Shaikh Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah Aal-Shaikh _________________________________

By the Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta

Question: Is it acceptable to say that Sahabah differed in Aqeedah,

like the (issue of) Prophet's seeing His Lord on the Night of Me'raaj?

Answer:

Islamic Aqeedah, al-Hamdulillah, there is no Ikhtilaaf

(disagreement) concerning it, neither amongst the Sahabah, nor others who came after them from Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah because they;

believe in what is proven from the Quran and the Sunnah. do not innovate anything from themselves or their opinions.
This is the reason behind their unity and agreement upon one Aqeedah and one Manhaj, in accordance with the Saying of Allah, "Hold fast, all of you together, to the Rope of Allah, and be not divided among yourselves." [Soorah al-Imraan (3): 103]

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From amongst these (agreed upon) beliefs, is (faith in) the believer's seeing their Lord on the Day of Resurrection. They all have agreed upon this belief based upon the Mutawaathir (collective) reports from the Book and the Sunnah and they did not disagree upon this matter. As for the difference concerning whether the Prophet saw his Lord on the night of the Me'raj with his physical eyes, then the disagreement is (just) about one specific worldly incident, while there is no disagreement upon seeing Allah on the Day of Judgment. And the opinion of the majority of them is that the Prophet saw his Lord with his heart/insight and not with his eyes, because when the Prophet was asked about it, he said, "(there is) Light, how could I see Him." So, the Prophet denied seeing his Lord with his eyes in that situation due to the light which prevented him from seeing his Lord. (But) They are unanimous that one cannot see his Lord in this world, as in the Hadeeth, "Know, none of you shall see his Lord until he dies." [Saheeh Muslim] except our Prophet . And the correct (opinion) is that he did not see His Lord in this manner (i.e., with his eyes). And guidance is from Allah. May Allah send peace and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family and Sahabah. _________________________________

34

Appendix 2

such that everyone who differs is considered astray

Allamah Muhammad ibn Saaleh al-Uthaimeen (rahimahullah)
Liqaa'aat al-Baab al-Maftooh (3/246) _________________________________

Salafiyyah is not a Hizbi (partisan) Madhhab,

Allamah Muhammad ibn Saaleh al-Uthaimeen said:

"Salafiyyah is Ittiba (following) of the Manhaj (way) of the Prophet and his Sahabah, for, they are our Salaf (predecessors), and they have preceded us. So following them is Salafiyyah. As for taking Salafiyyah as a special Manhaj such that anyone, who differs is considered astray - even if he was on the truth and taking it as a Hizbi (partisan) Madhhab, then without doubt, this is against Salafiyyah. For, all the Salaf called for unity upon the Sunnah of Allah's Messenger , and they did not declare astray someone, who differs with them due to a (different) interpretation (Ta'weel) - except in matters of Aqeedah, because they considered whosoever differed in Aqeedah to be astray. But as for Amali issues (i.e., issues apart from Aqeedah), they were very lenient concerning it. But some, who have taken the path of Salafiyyah today, consider astray everyone who differs with them - even if the truth was to be on his side. And some of them have taken it as a Hizbi (partisan) Manhaj like the other Hizbs (parties), who affiliate themselves to Islam. This (way) must be rejected and cannot be approved of, and it should be said: Look at the Madhhab of as-Salaf as-Saaleh, what did they do (with

35

regards to differences)? Look at their ways and at the wideness of their hearts with regards to Ikhtilaaf (differences) in matters concerning which Ijtihad is permissible - to the extent that they differed in big issues. They differed in (the finer) issues of Aqeedah and issues apart from Aqeedah, for example, you will find that Some of them denied that Allah's Messenger saw His Lord, while others confirmed of it. Some of them said that it is the deeds that will be weighed on the Day of Judgment, while others held that the books, which record the deeds, will be weighed. You will find them differing greatly in Fiqhi issues; marriage, obligations, buying and selling, etc. Yet, they did not declare each other astray. Thus, Salafiyyah that is taken to mean a special party (Hizb) with specific rules, and whose members consider whoever differs from them as astray, then they have nothing to do with Salafiyyah! As for Salafiyyah that is to follow the Manhaj of the Salaf in Aqeedah, sayings, actions, their way of differing and unity, their way of being merciful and compassionate to one another, as the Prophet said, "You see the believers as regards their being merciful among themselves and showing love among themselves and being kind, resembling one body, so that, if any part of the body is not well then the whole body shares the sleeplessness (insomnia) and fever with it." [Saheeh al-Bukharee]

- this is the true Salafiyyah."

_________________________________

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Appendix 3

Differentiating between Disagreements that are excused and Disagreements that cannot be excused
_________________________________

'Excusing each other for what we disagree' - this should NOT be made general
Shaikh Ibn Baaz said in his refutation of as-Saboonee: "As-Sabooni quoted the following from Hassan al-Banna: 'We gather on what we agree upon, and we excuse each other for that which we disagree.' The answer is: Yes, we must co-operate in what we agree upon in supporting the truth, calling to it and warning against that which Allah and His Messenger have forbidden. As for excusing each other for what we disagree, this should NOT be made general. Rather, this requires detailed statements. So;

Issues of Ijtihad, the proof of which might he hidden/ unclear. In this case, it is wajib (obligatory) that we do not condemn each other.

Issues which opposes the text of the Qur'an and the Sunnah. It is wajib (obligatory) to reject him, who opposes the (clear) text - with

37

wisdom, fair-preaching and dialogue in the best manner, according to the Saying of Allah;

"Help you one another in al-Birr and at-Taqwa but do not help one another in sin and transgression."? [Soorah al-Maidah (5): 2] "The believers men and women, are Awliya of one another, they enjoin al-Maroof (the good) and forbid al-Munkar (the evil)." [Soorah atTawbah (9): 71] "Invite with wisdom and fair preaching and argue with them in a way that is better." [Soorah an-Nahl (16): 125]

And the Messenger of Allah said: "He, who amongst you sees something abominable, should modify it with his hand; and if he has not strength enough to do it, then he should do it with his tongue; and if he has not strength enough to do it, (even) then he should (abhor it) from his heart - and that is the least of faith." [Saheeh Muslim (1/79)] and there are many similar Qur'anic verses and Ahadeeth in this regard." [Majmoo Fatawa wa-Maqalaat Mutanawwi'a li-allamah Abdul-Aziz ibn Baz (2/58-594)]

38

Disagreements based upon Ijtihad concerning issues in which Ijtihad is feasible are not Disagreements, in reality
Allamah ibn al-Uthaimeen (rahimahullah) was asked about the distinguishing characteristics of al-Firqa an-Najiya, and whether deficiency in these characteristics causes one to exit al-Firqah an-Najiyah?

Shaikh Muhammad ibn Saaleh al-Uthaimeen replied: "Distinguishing characteristics of al-Firqa an-Najiyah is adhering to that which the Prophet was upon in;

Aqeedah (faith, belief), Ibaadah (acts of worship), Akhlaaq (mannerism) and Mu'amlaat (behaviour and dealing with others).

You will find al-Firqah an-Najiyah distinct in these four matters. In Aqeedah, you will find al-Firqah an-Najiyah adhering to that which is proven by the Book of Allah, Sunnah of the Prophet from pure Tawheed in Uluhiyyah, Rububiyah and His Names and Attributes. In Ibadaat, you will find al-Firqah an-Najiyah distinct in its absolute adherence and practice of that which the Prophet was upon in Ibaadaat with regards to its nature, characteristics, quantity, time, place and cause/reason. You will not find with them innovation in the Deen of Allah, rather they are extremely disciplined with regards to Allah and His Messenger; they do not put themselves forward before Allah and His
39

Messenger with regards to innovating an ibaadah which is not approved by Allah. In Akhlaaq similarly, you will find them distinct from others in their mannerism, like loving good for the Muslims, having high spirits, cheerfulness, good thinking/speech, kindness/generosity, courageousness and other honorable and attractive mannerism. In Mu'amlaat, you will find them dealing with people with truthfulness and not concealing the defects (of the commodity of sale) as Allah's Messenger pointed out in his saying: "The two parties in transaction have the option (of canceling it) until they part. If they are honest and disclose any defects (in the commodity), their transaction will be blessed, but if they lie and conceal defects the blessing will be erased." [Saheeh al-Bukharee (2079) and Saheeh Muslim (1532)]

Being deficient in distinctive characteristics (of Mu'amlaat) does not make one outside al-Firqah an-Najiyah, rather everybody has a rank according to that which he acts. (But) deficiency with regards to Tawheed might put one outside al-Firqah an-Najiyah like deficiency in Ikhlas (sincerity), and similarly with regards to Bidah. Perhaps, a Bidah might take him out of al-Firqah an-Najiyah. As for Akhlaaq and Mu'amlaat, deficiency in these two does not take one out of al-Firqah anNajiyah, although it lowers his rank.

Perhaps, the issue of Akhlaaq requires more details. Most important of Akhlaaq is unity and agreement upon the truth and this is what Allah has ordained us with:

40

"He (Allah) has ordained for you the same religion which He ordained for Nuh, and that which We have inspired in you (O Muhammad ), and that which We ordained for Ibraheem, Moosa and Eesa; saying you should establish religion, and make no divisions in it (religion) (i.e. sects)." [Soorah ash-Shurah (42): 13] And He informed that those who divided their Deen, and broke up into sects, Prophet Muhammad had nothing to do with them. Allah said, "Verily, those who divide their religion and break up into sects, you (O Muhammad ) have no concern in them in the least." [Soorah al-An'am (6): 159] So, unity and harmony in the hearts is from the most distinctive characteristics of al-Firqah an-Nijiyah Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah. If there occurs a disagreement amongst them due to Ijtihad in issues of Ijtihad (i.e., issues in which Ijtihad is feasible), then they do not hold bitter feelings against each other, nor enmity or aversion rather they believe that they are brothers even if this disagreement has occurred amongst them - to the extent that one of them would indeed pray behind an Imaam, whom he deems is not upon wudhu while the Imam considers himself to be upon wudhu, like the one, who prays behind a man who ate the meat of camel. This Imaam is of the opinion that he has not invalidated the wudhu, while the Ma'moom (the one praying behind the Imaam) is of the opinion that the Imaam has invalidated the wudhu. (Yet,) he (the Ma'moom) believes that Salaat behind the Imaam is correct, although if he were to pray by himself, he would have considered his own Salaat incorrect (if he had eaten the meat of camel before standing for Salaat and not renewing his wudhu).
41

It is so, because al-Firqah an-Najiyah consider disagreements based upon Ijtihad concerning issues in which Ijtihad is feasible not to be disagreements in reality, because each of the two opponents has followed that which was obligatory upon him to follow from the proof, which it is not permissible to turn away from. So, they believe that if their brother has disagreed in an act due to Ittiba (following) of the Daleel, then he has in reality agreed with them - because they call for Ittiba of the Daleel, wherever it might be. So, if he has disagreed with them while agreeing with a Daleel that is with him, then he has in reality agreed with them, because he is following that which they are calling towards and guiding towards i.e., agreeing with the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of the Prophet . And not hidden from many of the people of knowledge, are the disagreements which occurred amongst the Sahabah in these issues (i.e., issues of Ijtihad) even during the time of Allah's Messenger , none of them criticized (the other for issues of Ijtihad). When Allah's Messenger returned from the battle of Ahzaab and Jibra'eel came to him and signaled him to head towards Bani Quraydah, who had breached the treaty, the Prophet called for his Sahabah and said, "None of you should pray Asr (Salaat) except in Banu Quraydah." So, they left Madina for Banu Quraydah, and the time for Salaat came upon them. So,

from them were those, who delayed their Asr Salaat until they reached Banu Quraydah, after the time of Salaat had passed because the Prophet said, "None of you should pray Asr (Salaat) except in Banu Quraydah."

42

from them were those, who performed Salaat at its time, and said, "Verily, the Prophet intended hastening in leaving (Madina), he did not want us to delay the Salaat."

These (i.e., the latter ones) were correct, yet, the Prophet did not criticize any of the two groups, and none of the two held enmity towards the others, or hatred due to their disagreement in understanding the truth. Therefore, I find it wajib (obligatory) upon the Muslims, who affiliate themselves to the Sunnah to be one Ummah, and there should be no Hizb amongst them; (such that) one person belongs to one group, and the other belongs to another group, and the third to a third group, and this way they fight each other with persuasion, create enmity amongst themselves, and hate each other all for the sake of a disagreement which is permissible/allowed in issues of Ijtihad. There is no need for setting groups for each opinion. So, I find it wajib upon Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah to unite even if they differ in that which they differ upon (in matters of Ijtihad) according to (such) understandings of theirs, which complies with the text (of the Sharee'ah) al-Hamdulillah, there is ease is this issue, and the most important is to unite the hearts and unite with one voice. And there is no doubt that the enemies of the Muslims love that the Muslims divide; irrespective of whether they are enemies who declare their enmity or they are enemies who display concern for the Muslims or Islam, while they are not so. So, it is Wajib (obligatory) that we distinguish ourselves with this distinctive characteristic which is the distinctive characteristic of alFirqah an-Najiyah i.e., to unite with a single voice." [Majmoo al-Fatawa war-Rasaail, vol. 1, p. 38]
43

Arguing on Fiqhi issues, claming that to be establishing the Sunnah

Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta Members: Abdullah ibn Qaud, Abdullah ibn Ghudayyan Deputy Chairman: Abdul-Razzaq Afify Chairman: Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah ibn Baz Permanent Committee Fatwas: Group 1: Volume 12: Fatwa no. 5981

Question: Many youth, today say: "We should forgo some acts of
Sunnah in order to avoid disagreement among the people, for example, placing of hands (in Salaat), raising of hands (in Salaat), Jalsatul-Istirahah (a brief sitting after prostration and before standing for the next Rak'ah). They argue: Islam has priorities, and these issues are those, which come during later stages - not in the initial stages; especially JalsatulIstirahah. They think that if you apply an act of Sunnah, and people begin looking at you with discontent, then this will be a Fitnah (trial). They began using as proof (the verse): "Fitnah is worse than killing." (and the saying of the Prophet) "Fitnah is asleep. Allah has cursed those who awaken it." These are their proofs, (they say that) the Prophet has commanded us to follow him, especially during times of disagreement "Whoever lives after me, will see a lot of disagreements, so keep to my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, who will come after me." and so on. (Please advise).

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Answer: Firstly, the Du'aat (callers) to Allah must begin with the
most important issues and then the lesser important, in accordance with the saying of Prophet to Mu'adh, when he sent him to Yemen: "You are going to people of a (Divine) Book. So when you come to them, call them to testify that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. If they obey you in that, inform them that Allah has enjoined on them five prayer every day and night. If they obey you in that, inform them that Allah has enjoined charity to be taken from the rich among them and given to the poor among them..." [Agreed upon] The Du'at must not distract themselves from these important issues by (engaging in) disagreement over subsidiary matters or supererogatory acts of worship like those mentioned in the question because these issues are taken lightly since they are subject to Ijtihad and disagreements. (Rather,) the Du'aat (must concentrate upon) explaining to the people the rulings of the Sharee'ah; issues that are Wajib (obligatory), Mustahab (recommended, desirable), Haram (prohibited), Makruh (reprehensible) and Mubah (permissible). There is no harm if some people disagree with them (in issues of Ijtihad,) as long as they follow the proofs from the Qur'an and the Sunnah in their sayings and actions.

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Second, personally, the Du'aat should adhere to the Sunnah as much possible, and be an example in their actions, worships, dealings and behaviors showing the people an image of a practicing caller to Allah by word and deed in the fundamentals and branches of religion. and guidance is from Allah. May Allah send peace and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad , his family and Companions!

Not making a big issue of minor issues of disagreement

Shaikhul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (rahimahullah) writes, "One of the rites of Salaat is the issue of Basmalah (saying, 'Bismillah'). People have differed concerning it being a verse of the Qur'an and its recitation. Books are written by both, books which contain in some parts, a kind of Jahl (ignorance) and Dhulm (justice); although the issue is light (i.e., not crucial or serious). Ta'assub in these issues is a sign of division and differing, which we are prohibited from. The reason behind this (i.e., discussing such issues) is finding out the preferred view, otherwise these issues are from the extremely lightest issues of disagreement if it were not so, Shaytan would not have called to it as a way of making it a cause of division" Then he said, "It is Mustahab upon one, to unite the hearts by abstaining from these Mustahab actions, because the MaslaHa of unity in the Deen is

46

greater than the MaslaHa of acting upon the Mustahab (recommended acts), like;

the Prophet abstained from changing the building of the House (of Allah, i.e., the Ka'aba) in view of the fact that keeping it was uniting the hearts.4

although Ibn Mas'ood forbade Uthmaan from performing the Salaat (in full) during a journey, he still prayed (the prayer in full) behind him, and said, 'Differing is evil.'5 [Majmoo al-Fatawa (22/405, 407)]

Narrated Aa'ishah (the wife of Prophet ) that Allah's Messenger said to her, "Do

you know that when your people (Quraysh) rebuilt the Ka'bah, they decreased it from its original foundation laid by Ibraheem?" I (Aa'ishah) said, "O Allah's Messenger! Why don't you rebuild it upon the foundation laid down by Ibraheem?" He replied, "Were it not for the fact that your people had recently left Kufr, I would have done so." [Saheeh al-Bukharee (26/653)]
5

It is related by Abu Dawood (1/307) that Uthmaan prayed four rak'ahs at

Minaa. So Abdullaah Ibn Mas'ood criticized him saying: "I prayed two rak'ahs with the Prophet , and two rak'ahs with Aboo Bakr, and two rak'ahs with Umar, and two rak'ahs with Uthmaan in the beginning of his rule, then he completed it (i.e. by praying four rak'ahs). After that the ways became divided with you all. So I hope that from these four rak'ahs, two of them would be accepted." Then Ibn Mas'ood prayed four rak'ahs. So he was asked: "You criticized Uthmaan, and yet, you prayed four?" Ibn Mas'ood replied "Differing is evil."
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Appendix: 4

Replying to those who say, 'there no Denunciation/Condemnation with regard to issues concerning which the scholars have differed'?
Courtesy: Islam-qa Translated and Edited by Shawana A. Aziz _________________________________

Question:

Some people say that there is no denunciation/

condemnation upon someone, who follows one of the scholarly views in issues concerning which the scholars have differed. They mention the principle, 'there is no denunciation/condemnation in issues of disagreements' Is this principle correct?

Answer: This principle which some people mention;

(

is NOT correct.

"there is no Inkaar (denunciation/condemnation) in issues of Khilaaf (disagreement)."

The correct view is, (

there is no Inkaar (denunciation/condemnation) in issues of Ijtihad (i.e., Issues in which Ijtihad is permissible).

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Following is a detailed explanation of this: Issues in which the scholars have differed are of two types: First Kind of Issues (in which, the scholars have differed) are those, concerning which;

Clear Text from the Qur'an or Saheeh Sunnah is known, and there is no (apparently) conflicting text. OR

Ijma (scholarly consensus) has been reported, then some of those, who came later on, held strange views and opposed the Ijma (scholarly consensus). OR

Clear and Unambiguous Qiyaas (analogy) is used to derive the ruling.

He, who opposes the Daleel (proof) in these issues, is Denounced and Condemned, and there are many examples of this kind, such as:

Denial of Allah's Attributes, with which He has praised Himself or His Messenger has described Him under the pretext of Ta'weel (lit. interpretation) while in fact, it is Tahreef (distortion) of the texts of the Qur'an and Sunnah.

Denial of some true events that will occur on the Day of Judgment, which the Prophet has informed us about like, al-Meezan (the Balance) and the Siraat (bridge over Hell).

Permissibility of taking interest on money deposited in the bank although this is the essence of the prohibited Riba.

49

Permissibility of Nikaah at-Tahleel6. This is a false view because the Prophet has cursed the one, who enters into such a marriage, and the one for whom it is done.

Permissibility of listening to musical instruments. This is a Munkar view, the falseness of which is known through numerous proofs of the Qur'an, the Sunnah and sayings of the Salaf and which is why the four Imams were unanimous concerning it being Haraam.

He, who enters the mosque on Friday while the Imam is delivering the Khutbah should sit down and listen to the Khutbah; and not pray 'Tahiyyatul-Masjid (two rakahs to 'greet the mosque')'.

It is not Mustahab (recommended) to raise hands during prayer with the Takbeer for bowing and rising from bowing, and while standing up for the third rak'ah.

It is not Mustahabb (recommended) to offer Salaat al-Istisqa (prayer for rain). (Although,) it is proven in the two Saheehs, and other (books of Hadeeth) that Allah's Messenger performed it as a congregation with his Sahabah.

It is not Mustahabb to fast the six days of Shawwaal.

He, who opposes a sound Daleel (proof) concerning these and similar issues the ruling of which is known from clear texts should be Denounced even if he is a Mujtahid. The Sahabah and the Imams, who came after them, denounced the one, who opposed a sound Daleel (proof), even if he were a Mujtahid.

Nikaah at-Tahleel: Marriage with a divorced woman with the intention of divorcing

her, in order to make her permissible for her first husband.

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2. Second Kind of Issues (in which the scholars have differed) are those concerning which;

No

clear evidence on its ruling is known from the Qur'an, OR

Sunnah, Ijma (scholarly consensus) or clear Qiyaas (analogy).

Evidence

for the ruling is stated in the Sunnah, but it's

authenticity is disputed or it is not clear in defining the ruling and is subject to different interpretations, OR

Apparently contradicting texts are known.

Such issues require a kind of Ijtihad and study to know the ruling. And examples of this kind include issues of disagreement like:

The Prophet's seeing His Lord in this world. The dead's hearing words of the alive. Nullifying
of the wudhu by touching one's penis, touching a woman or eating the meat of a camel.

Reciting Qunoot in Fajr every day. Recitation of Qunoot in Witr Salaat before bowing or after?
One is NOT Denounced in these and similar cases, concerning which clear texts explaining the ruling are NOT stated, as long as he is following one of the Imams, and he thinks that the Imam's view is correct. It is NOT permissible to choose a scholarly view based upon one's whims and desires, because by doing so, he is combining all kinds of evil. Shaikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah writes,

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"With regard to these issues of Ijtihad, you do not forbid by hand, and it is not for anyone to oblige people to follow him. But he (may) speak about it with knowledge-based arguments. So, whosoever is acquainted with the soundness of one of the two views, he should follow that view, and whosoever follows those (scholars) who favor the other view, should not be denounced." [Majmoo al-Fataawa (30/80)]

Not denouncing the one, who acts differently, in such issues does not mean not researching or discussing and explaining the preferred/ correct view based on its Daleel (proof/evidence). Rather, there has always been gatherings and debates concerning such issues amongst the scholars, in the past and in the present and whosoever recognizes the truth, then it becomes obligatory upon him to follow it.

Following are some scholarly quotes that support the above explanation:

Shaikhul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (rahimahullah) wrote: "The

view that there is no condemnation in matters of disagreement is NOT correct. For, verily, the Inkaar (condemnation/denunciation) is aimed either at the statement of ruling or the action. With regards to the statement of ruling:

If the statement opposes a Sunnah or an early Ijma, then it is obligatory to denounce it according to all scholars. If that is not the case (i.e., the statement is not in direct opposition

52

to a Sunnah or an early Ijma), then it should be denounced in the sense that its weakness must be pointed out. This is the view of those who say that there can only be one correct ruling and such is the saying of the Salaf and the Fuqaha in general.

With regard to actions;

If the act is against a Sunnah or Ijma, then it is obligatory to denounce it too, according to the degrees of Inkaar (condemnation).

As for, if the act is not against a Sunnah or Ijma, and Ijtihad is feasible, then there is NO denunciation upon whether one acts upon that view as Mujtahid or Muqallid (follower of a Mujtahid).

This confusion (that there is no denunciation in matters where there is a difference of scholarly opinion) arose because the one, who holds this issue, deems that (all) issues of disagreement are issues of Ijtihad, just like some groups of people also believe. The correct view which is also held by the Imams is that issues of Ijtihad are those, concerning which there is no Daleel which is obligatory to be followed with a clear obligation, like an authentic Hadeeth which is not contradicted by a Hadeeth of similar strength. So, in the absence of such evidence, Ijtihad is feasible due to contradictory proofs or hiddenness of the proof." [end of abridged quote from, Bayaan al-Daleel ala Batlaan altTahleel (p. 210-211)]

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Shaikhul-Islam also said in Majmoo al-Fatawa: "Issues of Ijtihad; whosoever follows the saying of some of the scholars, is not to be denounced or abandoned. And whosoever, follows one of the two opinions is not to be denounced." [Majmoo al-Fataawa (20/207)]

Imam Ibnil-Qayyim (rahimahullah) wrote: "Their view: 'there is

no Inkaar in issues of Khilaaf' is incorrect How can a Faqeeh say 'there is no Inkaar in issues of khilaaf', while the Fuqaha of all groups have clearly stated that the ruling of a judge must be refuted if it opposes the Book or Sunnah even if some scholars agree with it?! As for, if there is no Sunnah or Ijma and Ijtihad is feasible, then there is no denunciation upon whether one acts upon that view as Mujtahid or Muqallid (follower of a Mujtahid) Issues in which the Salaf and the Khalaf have disagreed, and we are sure that one of the two opinions is sound, are numerous like:

The pregnant woman's Iddah ends with child-birth. Consummation of marriage with the second husband is a condition for the woman's becoming permissible for the first husband. Ghusl becomes obligatory merely due to penetration, even if there is no ejaculation. Riba al-Fadl (a kind of interest) is Haraam. Mut'ah marriage is Haraam. Nabeedh (drink made from dates) that causes intoxication is Haraam. A Muslim cannot be killed (in retaliation) for a disbeliever.

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Wiping over the socks is permissible, whether one is traveling or not. The Sunnah of bowing is to place the hands on the knees without holding them together between the thighs. Raising the hand when bowing and rising from bowing is Sunnah. Pre-emption is permitted with regard to buying land or property. Waqf (endowment) is valid and binding. Diyah for all fingers and toes is the same. Hand of the thief is to be cut off for three Dirhams. An iron ring is valid as a dowry. Tayammum up to the wrist with one pat is permissible. Heir's fasting on behalf of the deceased is acceptable. The pilgrim should recite Talbiyah until he stones Jamarat al-Aqabah. The Muhrim may continue to wear perfume without applying it anew, The Sunnah is to say salaam in prayer to the right and the left by saying, 'as-salaamu alaikum wa rahmatullah.' The option of canceling a deal remains until the two parties separate. When a camel or sheep is retuned after having milked, a saa' of dates must be given in return for the milk. Eclipse prayer has two bowings in each Rak'ah. Judgment is permissible with a witness and an oath. and there are many similar issues.

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The Imams have stated in many of these issues, that the rulings of those, who have issued a different ruling, must be refuted/disproved without defaming. Nevertheless, there will be no excuse before Allah on the Day of Resurrection for him, who heard Ahadeeth and reports concerning the issue in which there were no contradictions, and he ignored them." [I'laam al-Muwaqqi'een (3/300-301)]

Ibn Qudaamah al-Maqdisi said: "No one should denounce anyone

for following his Madhhab because there is no Inkaar in issues of Ijtihad." [al-Adaab al-Shar'iyyah by Ibn Muflih (1/186)]

Imam an-Nawawi writes: "The scholars have said, 'Neither the mufti
nor the Qaadhi should raise objection upon someone, who opposes him if he is not opposing a text (of the Qur'an or Sunnah), an Ijma or a clear Qiyas." [Sharh Muslim (1/186)]

Shaikh Muhammad ibn al-Uthaimeen (rahimahullah) said,

refuting those who say, 'there is no Inkaar in issues of Khilaf': "If we were to say that there is no Inkaar in issues of Khilaaf at all, then the entire religion will be lost because (RukHs ) easy options (based upon desires) will be followed because you can hardly find an issue which is not marred by disagreement amongst the people

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Issues of disagreement are divided into two: (First category) Issues of Ijtihad in which Khilaf (differences/ disagreements) are feasible, in the sense that the Khilaf is truly known and the issue requires study, then in this case, there is no Inkaar upon the Mujtahid. As for the common people, they are required to follow the view held by the scholars in their country so that the common people are not left loose (to choose easy options out of desires) because if we say to the common people: 'take any opinion that suits you', the ummah will not be one ummah, and therefore, our Shaikh Abdur-Rahman ibn Sa'di (rahimahullah) said, "the common people should follow the Madhhab of their scholars."

The Second Category of issues of Khilaf are those issues in which there is no room for Ijtihad, and so the opponent must be denounced because he has no excuse (for differing)." [Abridged quote from Liqaa al-Baab al-Maftuh (49/192-193)]

For more on the issue, read the book, 'Hukm al-Inkaar fi Masaail alKhilaaf' (the Ruling of Inkaar in issues of Khilaaf) by Fadhl Ilahi Dhaheer. End quote from islam-qa.com

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Can it be said 'there is no Inkaar in issues of Khilaaf' with regards to the issue of listening to music and unveiling of a woman's face?
In his lecture, 'al-Fatwa bayna mutabiqati ash-Shar' wa-Masaairati alAhwa', Shaikh Saleh Aal-Shaikh highlighted two essential Principles () related to the subject of Ijtihad (i.e., deducing rulings from the texts of the Qur'an and the Sunnah). The first Principle being;

No Ijtihad in the presence of Nas (lit. text, i.e., text of the Qur'an and the Sunnah). He explained that if a Nas is reported, then it is not (allowed) to make an Ijtihad (deduce a ruling) - because Allah has already ruled in the issue, and His Messenger has ruled and as such, there is no say for anyone after the Saying of Allah or the saying of His Messenger. He explained this with the example of whether one, has the right to cancel his transaction in the same gathering; "Does one make an Ijtihad in this issue? We say the Prophet has already given the ruling concerning the issue, he said: "The two parties in transaction have the option (of canceling it) until they part..." [Saheeh al-Bukharee (2079)]"

Shaikh Saleh aal-Shaikh then explained the principle, "No Inkaar in issues of Ijtihad", and also clarified the falsity of the principle, 'No Inkaar in issues of Khilaf' with beneficial examples, one amongst which, is the issue of listening to musical instruments and unveiling of a woman's face. The Shaikh says,

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"the scholars have inscribed principles concerning this subject. (From amongst these principles) is, 'No Inkaar in issues of Ijtihad.' And this principle was followed by another principle, 'No Inkaar in issues of Khilaf.' and this requires explanation. As for issue of Ijtihad, there is no Inkaar in them meaning (those issues concerning which) the Daleel is not reported from the Qur'aan and the Sunnah, there is no Nas in this issue. So, an incident took place, and scholars made Ijtihad (deduced a ruling). So here, there is no Inkaar upon the Mujtahid in this issue (because) there is no Inkaar in issues of Ijtihad. As for issues of Khilaf, some people of knowledge said this but it is not good. Shaikhul-Islam ibn Taymiyyah explained and his student Shaikh Ibnil-Qayyim explained that this statement belongs to someone, who does not examine/verify (their statements). As for the people of research and understanding, the people of Ilm concerning Fatwa, Hukm (rulings), Ijtihad and disagreements they say, 'No Inkaar in issues of Ijtihad.' (Because,) Issue of Khilaf are those, concerning which the scholars have differed. And the scholars have differed in very many issues. Agreed-upon issues are few So, will it be said, 'No Inkaar in issue of Khilaaf'? - We say, the issue has details:

Khilaaf is of two kinds:

Khilaaf Qawi ( :) Strong/intense Disagreement Khilaaf Da'eef ( :) Weak Disagreement

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Khilaaf Qawi is that concerning which the Mujtahid or the one, who said this statement, had a doubt. But he carried out an Ijtihad in understanding the Daleel, and there is room for his Ijtihad (in this issue) and so, he disagreed (So), this, we say is Khilaaf Qawi. For example, zakaat upon jewelry, is it prescribed or not? One said: I do not say they should give zakaat from jewelry no matter how much it is, while the other says: No, they must give Zakaat upon jewelry, the daleel is such. Here, the disagreement in this issue of disagreement is Qawi, and thus, there is no Inkaar in it. The issue of reciting soorah al-FatiHah by the Ma'moom7 in a Jahri Salaat8; one of them recited the soorah while the other did not. Do we tell the one who did not recite (soorah al-FatiHah) to repeat his Salaat, since according to the other opinion, reciting (soorah al-FatiHah) is a pillar (of Salaat)? We say: No, these are issues in which the Khilaaf is Qawi, and therefore, there is no Inkaar in these issues. And there are various similar issues.

The second kind of issues, in which the Khilaaf is Da'eef. There is Khilaaf but it is Da'eef, like listening to musical instruments. There are those - from the Taba'een and those who followed them - who said it is permissible, and some well-known people have held this opinion, and Ibn Hazm and a group. And some people of knowledge have written in support of this opinion.
7 8

Ma'moon: the one, who prays behind an Imam. Jahri Salaat: the Salaat in which Qur'an is recited loudly.
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But this opinion, although it is an issue of disagreement, this is a disagreement which is in opposition to the Daleel. The proofs are clear concerning listening to musical instruments being Haraam. So, thus, we say the Khilaaf in this issue is not Qawi, rather it is Khilaaf Da'eef. And from this (kind of Da'eef Khilaaf is the issue of) unveiling the women's face if it leads to Fitna. The scholars have agreed upon - except those who held Shadh (strange) opinion - that the face of a woman, if it attracts the people or they enjoy looking at it, then it is not permissible for her to unveil it this is according to the agreement of all Ahlul-Ilm, except those who held strange opinions. They said the principle in this is that it is permissible to unveil. So, we say here, it is not to be said in these issues that 'there is no Inkaar in issues of Khilaaf' because the Khilaaf in this is Da'eef because if the face evokes desires or fitna or vulnerability for her, or other Mafaasid (harms) then in this case the Khilaf is not to be considered Qawi, rather it is necessary to make Inkaar in these issues because it leads to Fitna." [end quote]

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Appendix 5:

Beware of the Scholar's Mistakes but DO NOT totally abandon him

_________________________________

Shaikhul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (rahimahullah) writes: "There is no doubt that mistake in finer issues of knowledge are forgiven for the Ummah And if it was not so, most of the scholars of the Ummah would have been destroyed. If Allah forgives the one, who is ignorant of the prohibition of intoxicants because of his living in a country where ignorance was wide-spread, and he did not (even) seek knowledge; then a Mujtahid scholar seeking knowledge - according to what he learned in his time and his place - if his intention is following the Prophet according to his ability, then he is more deserving that Allah accepts his good, rewards him for his Ijtihad, and does not punish him for his mistakes, in accordance with His Saying: 'Our Lord! Punish us not if we forget or fall into error.' [Soorah al-Baqarah (2): 286]" [Majmoo al-Fatawa (vol. 20, p. 165)]

Shaikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (rahimahullah) narrated in Fatawa alKubra, (vol.3, p.179) that Mu'adh Ibn Jabal used to say in every Khutbah: "beware of the slip of the wise (scholar). The Shaytan may speak on the tongue of the wise with a misguided statement, and the

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Munafiq (hypocrite) might speak a true word. So, accept the truth from whosoever it has come, for, there is light on the truth." They asked: "What is the slip of the wise?" He replied: "It is a word that you become frightened of, and you deny it, and you say, "What is this?' So beware of the slip, but DO NOT totally abandon him, for, he will sooner or later return to the truth."

Shaikh Saleh aal-Shaikh, in his lecture (

mentioned the principle:

"The Sharee'ah has come for

bringing and increasing al-MasaaleH (interest/advantages) and averting of al-Mafaasid (harm/disadvantages of the people)."

While elaborating upon this principle, the Shaikh explained - with examples from the Imams of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah - how a scholar is not to be abandoned completely if he makes a mistake in some issues; - even in issues of Aqeedah - if he is in principle, upon the Sunnah. The Shaikh began by explaining that a Mufti (one, who gives fatawa) should keep this principle in mind while giving Fatawa, and he should see to it that his Fatawa brings about MaslaHa and averts Mafaasid, in all issues; whether issues of Aqeedah, issues concerning the Hadd or issues of Major sins, then he (hafidhahullah) said,

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"If the issue is related to an Alim from the Ahlul-Ilm (people of knowledge), and if the fatawa is concerning him (i.e., an Aalim), then here, it is necessary to look into whether this (fatawa) will lead to bringing al-Masaaleh and averting al-Mafaasid. Therefore, the Imaams of Dawah ( ) - from the time of Shaikh Abdul-Lateef ibn Abur-Rahmaan ibn Hasan, who is one of the famous Imams, until the time of Shaikh Muhammad ibn Ibraheem if the issue was related to an Imam or Aalim or some prominent personality of Sunnah, then they would refrain and abstain from indulging in it (i.e., giving a fatawa against such a scholar of Sunnah). For example,

The famous Shaikh Siddeeq Hasan Khan al-Kannuji al-Hindi, who has a position with our scholars, and they value his book, 'ad-Deen al-Khalis'. Although, Shaikh Siddeeq Hasan Khan al-Kannuji criticized the (Salafi) Dawah in many of his books, they (scholars) ignore this, and do not inflate the issue for the sake of (letting the people) benefit from the principle, which is establishing Tawheed and dispelling Shirk.

The second example is of the Imaam Muhammad ibn Isma'eel asSan'anee, the author of, 'Subulus-Salaam', and other books like 'Tatheerul-A'tiqaad', and his many struggles in returning the people back to Sunnah and keeping them away from the dispraised Taqleed and Ta'assub, and Bidah. But Imaam as-San'anee slipped in some issues; from what is attributed to him is his famous poetry in which he praised the Dawah. It is said that he withdrew that poetry of his with another

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poetry which mentioned: I take back what I said about an-Najdi i.e., Shaikh Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab. And this poetry of his is picked up by the people of Bidah, they attribute it to him and also to his son Ibraheem. And they make it known as, "as-San'anee used to be a supporter of the Dawah but then he retracted."

Ash-Shawkani ( ,) his position is also known. Ash-Shawkani also had erroneous Ijtihads in Tawassul, and he has an erroneous Ijtihad in Sifaat, and his Tafseer of some of aayaat contain Ta'weel, and he said something about Umar ibn Khattab that was not good, and also about Mu'awiyah - but the scholars don't mention that. Shaikh Sulaim ibn Suhaiman authored a book, 'Tabree'atulShaykhain al-Imamain' 'Exonerating (clearing from blame) the Two Imams', i.e., - Imam as-San'anee and Imam ash-Shawkani.

Why did the scholars do so (i.e., ignore their mistakes)? Because these scholars (who erred) were firmly established upon the Principle; i.e., (they firmly held onto) the Sunnah; - they did not disagree with us in the principles of Aqeedah, nor did they oppose us in Tawheed. They were not against us in supporting the Sunnah, nor did they contradict us in rejection of Bidah verily, they made an Ijtihad and fell into error, and the Aalim is not followed in his mistakes; his mistakes are to be avoided and kept silent about, and the truth is to be spread, and his words which support the truth are to be spread.

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Ibn Khuzaymah ( ) erred in the issue of, 'Soorah (

i.e.,

Image of Allah)', as is well known. He denied affirming a Soorah for Allah, and Ibn Taymiyyah (rahimahullah) refuted him in over 100 pages. Yet, the scholars of Sunnah say about Ibn Khuzaymah that he is 'an Imam of the Imaams', and they are not pleased that someone slanders Ibn Khuzayman because he authored the book AtTawheed, which is filled with defending the Tawheed of Allah, and affirming various Absolute Names and Attributes of Allah. Adh-Dhahabi ( ) said in 'Siyar a'laam an-Nubula', 'Ibn Khuzaymah erred on this issue.'

So, what is our position if a scholar errs in such issues?

Our position: We look into his agreement with us in the Asl (principle/ foundation) of the Deen; - his agreement with the Sunnah, his support for Tawheed, his spreading the beneficial Ilm, his Dawah to the guidance, and other general Usool (of the Deen). He is advised or perhaps, refuted but he is not to be defamed strictly such that he is abandoned completely. Upon this Manhaj were the Imams of Dawah in these issues, as is well-known. The noble Shaikh Saleh ibn Muhammad al-Luhaydan informed me when the very last poetry of as-San'anee was mentioned, in which it is said that he retracted (from his praise for the Dawah): I asked our Shaikh Muhammad ibn Ibraheem ( ) about it, 'Is this poetry by as-Sana'ee or not?' So, the Shaikh replied: 'It appears to
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be his poetry, and our scholars give precedence to the saying that this poetry belongs to him.' But they do not want to mention it (i.e., they do not want to inflate the issue) - because he supported the Sunnah, and fought the Bidah - though, he attacked the Dawah, and spoke against Shaikh Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab in the poetry.

(even) ash-Shawkani has a poetry, which he sent to Imam Saud forbidding him from various actions of fighting, expanding the country, and other such issues.

The position of these scholars is upheld, but issues in which they were misguided are not to be followed, and following of their mistakes is to be forbidden.

So, the Sharee'ah came for bringing al-MasaaleH and its completion, and for averting the Mafaasid and decreasing it, and this agreed upon principle has a great impact. And this principle should effect the fatawa of the Mufti and it should also be kept in mind by the one seeking Fatawa (i.e., whether his asking for such a Fatawa will bring Masaaleh and avert Mafaasid). If we ponder, then al-Hukm (the ruling) with Allah is one, yet, the ruling of alcohol being prohibited was delayed, adultery was prohibited in stages, all His rulings in general; the prohibition of alcohol was sent in stages although the Hukm (of alcohol) with Allah is that it is Haraam, and that it is prohibited in Islam, but all of it was not levied at one time due to consideration for bringing al-Masaaleh and averting al-Mafaasid.

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When the Prophet entered al-Ka'bah, he said to Aa'isha, "If your people had not recently left Kufr, I would have demolished the Ka'bah and re-built it upon the foundation laid down by Ibraheem, and had made two doors for it."9 The Prophet's said, "'If your people had not recently left Kufr" by these words, the Prophet meant that their minds cannot bear/tolerate that the Ka'bah be demolished and re-build, although rebuilding al-Ka'bah upon the foundation laid down by Ibraheem is the best, and is returning it (the building) to what it was before - But the Prophet left the matter considering al-MasaaleH, and to avert Mafaasid. And Imam al-Bukharee established a chapter for it, and this is out of Imam al-Bukharee's Fiqh (understanding of the Deen): 'Leaving something preferable fearing that the understanding of the people will not be able to grasp it and they will fall into something worse.'" Then the shaikh said that if the mufti fears that if he publicizes the fatawa, the people's understanding will fall short in understanding the fatawa from the Mufti's point of view or that there will be more damage than al-MaslaHa, then he should leave that fatawa until the time is appropriate. [end quote of Shaikh Saleh aal-Shaikh]

Narrated Aa'ishah (the wife of Prophet ) that Allah's Messenger said to her, "Do

you know that when your people (Quraysh) rebuilt the Ka'bah, they decreased it from its original foundation laid by Ibraheem?" I (Aa'ishah) said, "O Allah's Messenger! Why don't you rebuild it upon the foundation laid down by Ibraheem?" He replied, "Were it not for the fact that your people had recently left Kufr, I would have done so." [Saheeh al-Bukharee (26/653)]
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Salafiyyah does NOT contradict following Madhhabs

by Shaikh Yusuf al-Ghafees
Former Member of the Standing Committee for Research and Fatwa, An Excerpt from his audio explanation of al-Aqeedah al-Wasitiyyah. _________________________________

Appendix: 6

Sometimes, some brothers, due to their enthusiasm to adhere to the Salafi Madhhab and to distinguish it from Bidah, they constrict the madhhab, which they call, 'Madhhab of the Salaf' - to such an extent, that it necessitates excluding/keeping out majority of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah. You find them including subsidiary issues in Madhhab of the Salaf, like not placing the hands on the chest after Ruku to be a common/general practice of the Salaf or part of the 'Salafi Salaat' this is wrong. This cannot to attributed to the Salaf - Yes, groups of the Salaf have said this. So, this issue should be attributed to them in particular. (Similarly, rulings must not be attributed to the Salaf) Even if a said ruling is the opinion of the majority. (For example,) majority of the Salaf - from the Fuqaha and the Muhadditheen - are of the opinion that there is no Zakaat upon the jewelry of women. (Yet,) No one has the right to say that it is from the rulings of Salafiyyah that there is no Zakaat upon the jewelry of women in spite of the fact that Imam Malik, Imam Shafa'ee and Imam Ahmad and majority of Ahlul-Hadeeth are of this

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opinion while Imam Abu Hanifa disagrees, and along with him are scholars of Kufa, and others. The point is: If a Mujtahid makes an Ijtihad concerning issues, which are disagreed by the Salaf, and he gives precedence to one of the two opinions and attributes it to some Salaf then he has the right to do so but he should not make this from 'the Distinguishing Traits of Salafiyyah' because this would imply that the Imam or those preceded scholars (who have differed) were not upon the Salafi way in this matter

There are (also) those who follow a particular Fiqhi way, and they consider everyone who follows this way to be Salafi, and those who do not follow it are not considered Salafi some of them even say, 'he is not Salafi in Fiqh, although he might be Salafi in Aqeedah.' - This categorization is incorrect for, - (only those) issues are attributed to Salaf concerning which Ijma is established (amongst the Salaf) This phrase, 'he is Salafi in Aqeedah but not in Fiqh' is said concerning those who attribute themselves to one of the four Madhhabs Following of the four Fiqhi Madhhabs began in the early centuries; in fourth century rather even before but plain ascription to these madhhabs came later on in fact, even in the time of the Taba'een - before the four Imams - it was known that they had followers even the Sahabah; Ibn Mas'ood had followers who gave precedence to his saying because they considered his Manhaj to be the strongest. There were also those who ascribed themselves to the conclusions of Ibn Abbas. So, this (following and ascription) was neither something strange amongst the Salaf, nor was it Munkar (forbidden)
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The point is that the issue of following and followers is a known issue and then (later) (following) the four Fiqhi schools (of thought) became more structured Yes, there is Ta'assub (bigotry) - and this Ta'assub is dispraised whether it be with regards to one of the Four Imams or Abu Bakr or Umar or any other individual. Because it is not permissible to have Ta'assub i.e., absolute unity upon a saying except for Allah's Messenger . So, whosoever seeks to negate 'following of the Madhhabs' due to the (action of) Muta'assibeen (those who display Ta'assub) then there is no Hujjah (proof) in this.

Some of them say, "If you differ in anything amongst yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger." [Soorah an-Nisa (4): 59] so, give us a proof which proves the permissibility of following Madhhabs. shallowness of Ilm (knowledge). There is no argument concerning the principle of, "If you differ in anything amongst yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger." [Soorah an-Nisa (4): 59] but how should issues be referred back to Allah and His Messenger? - It should not be done in such a way that it be said, "Bring us a proof from the Qur'an and the Sunnah mentioning, 'following the madhhab of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal or as-Shafa'ee'." When this issue is referred to Allah and His Messenger, we do not find in the Qur'an or the Sunnah any proof forbidding Iqtida (following) of the people of knowledge, because Allah says, "Ask of those who know the Scripture." [Soorah an-Nahl (16): 43] This is Jahl (ignorance), because knowledge is not discussed in this way this is

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So, if asking the people of knowledge is possible, then Ittiba (following them) is from the same clause:the clause of asking them their conclusions. Not understanding this has lead to division amongst the Salafis now. Some Salafis in Egypt differ in some issues from the Ansaar as-Sunnah in Sudan, and other people in Shaam each claims to be upon the absolute truth based upon specific understanding of (issues of) Ijtihad but they have made these as obligations of Salafiyyah. Whereas the truth is that all the Ijtihads have no relation with the term Salafiyyah. Salafiyyah is based upon issues of Aqeedah and Usool 10 , as for, whosoever disagrees in matters of Ijtihad then he comes under the Hadeeth, "Whenever ruler makes an ijtihad and he is correct he gets two rewards and if he is incorrect he gets one reward." [Saheeh al-Bukharee (6919) and Muslim (1716)]

10

Few Usool of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa'ah mentioned by Shaikh Saaleh ibn Fawzan Eeman is statement, action and belief. It increases by good deeds and decreases by sins. Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa'ah do not make Takfeer of anybody unless he commits a nullifier of Islam. The obligation of obeying those in authority. The Prohibition of revolting against the Muslim Rulers if they commit an act which does not comprise Kufr. They guard their tongues and hearts from anything against the Sahabah of Allah's Messenger. And Loving the Ahlul-Bayt of Allah's Messenger .
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al-Fawzaan in 'Muhadharaat fil-Aqeedah wad-Da'wah' are;

Praiseworthy following of Madhhab and the Dispraised following of Madhhab

The meaning of, 'following a Madhhab': Following a Madhhab is for the sake of academic orderliness (i.e., the less knowledgeable follows the more knowledgeable), and not as an act of worship. Whosoever ascribes himself to Imam Ahmad as an act of worship like for example, what is done by some Shia and Sufis who ascribes themselves to individuals as an act of worship then such is without doubt a Bidah. But as for him, who ascribes himself to Imam Ahmad because he has taken from his Ilm (knowledge) that which he did not take from Imam Shafa'ee or he has read from the books of Imam Ahmad that which he did not read from the books of Imam Shafa'ee, or he thinks that Imam Ahmad is more knowledgeable of the Sunan and the aathaar, and closer (to the truth), (then there is nothing wrong in this ascription). While another person, comes to know from the life of Imam Shafa'ee that the Imam has taken from the Muhadditheen and the Fuqaha, and has vast understanding of the Arabic language - so Fiqh of Shafa'ee is favorable to him, and he sees from his viewpoint that Imam Shafa'ee is closer (to the truth) and thus, he becomes a Shafa'ee while the former becomes a Hanafi and makes Taqleed (i.e., follows) the Fiqh of Abu Hanifa in the way Abu Yusuf a follower of Abu Hanifa who was upon the Fiqah of Abu Hanifa but when he met the people of Hadeeth, he left many sayings of Abu Hanifa. So, the issue is of academic orderliness like the saying of Allah's Messenger , "If you had obeyed Abu Bakr and Umar, you would have

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been guided." [Saheeh Muslim (1450)] Why obey Abu Bakr and Umar? Is Abu Bakr a legislator? No, but this is academic orderliness: i.e., the less knowledgeable follows the more knowledgeable. But if someone displays Ta'assub (bigotry, prejudice) towards Imaam Ahmad or Imaam Shafa'ee, then we say, 'He is mistaken.' But to say, 'Salafi is he, who does not follow any Madhhab' this is not correct otherwise, it will be required from you that you do not follow anyone in any issue and that there be no Salaf (predecessor) for you in all issues, and this is not the way of the Salaf. Imaam Ahmad said, 'Do not say anything unless you have an Imam (predecessor) in it.' So, there has to be Ittiba (following the more knowledgeable), and it is a Sunnah of the Messengers that the less knowledgeable follows the more knowledgeable. As for if following the Madhhab becomes Ta'assub or turns into defending it for the sake of the Madhhab, and not for the sake of (following) the Daleel (proof), or it reaches the level of worship, etc. then it is known that Sharee'ah has opposed it, and it is a Munkar Bidah (forbidden innovation).

So, following the Madhhab has two extremes and a middle path.

If some followers of Madhhab exaggerate in their Ta'assub of the Madhhab, and make Taqleed of the sayings while giving no importance to looking into the Daleel (proof), and their aim is victory for the Madhhab then, without doubt, this is a Bidah, invented by some Fuqaha.

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A contemporary group rejected them (i.e., those who displayed Ta'assub towards following Madhhab), and they (too) exaggerated in their rejection (of Ta'assub), and (as a result) they tied Salafiyyah to 'abandonment of following Madhhabs'.

(But) the truth is the that scholars like Ibn Abdul-Barr, Shaikhul-Islam (Ibn Taymiyyah) and Ibn Katheer, and those before them and after them, and the contemporaries of recent times like Shaikhul-Islam Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab, and other scholars - were followers of Madhhab but were very distant from Ta'assub. They chose the Fiqh Principles of Imam Ahmad or Imam ash-Shafa'ee or Abu Hanifa

The point is: Statement about following Madhhab must be a balanced one; it is not permissible to ascribe to the Madhhabs with Ta'assub (fanaticism) but it is also not permissible to reject it (too). This (also) does not mean that following Madhhab is necessary, and must remain amongst the Muslims rather, efforts must be exerted in Ijtihad because the ummah now is in need of Ijtihad since such issues have risen that were not addressed by the Fuqaha of the past but what is meant is that issues must be addressed appropriately.

So, exerting efforts in Ijtihad does not negate following Madhhabs, and

being a Salafi does not contradict following Madhhabs for,

verily the Imams of these Madhhabs are Imams of the Salaf. And many of their followers were upon the Aqeedah of the Salaf.

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Do not constrict the scope of Salafi Dawah

An Advice of Shaikh Saaleh Aal-Shaikh to those who Call to Salafiyyah

Appendix: 5

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Last five minutes of the lecture,

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"When we say ad-Dawah al-Islamiyah (the Islamic Call), it is the pure Dawah which is derived from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger and the guidance of as-Salaf as-Saaleh. The more a person is close and adhering to the Nabawi (Prophetic) Manhaj, the more precise/accurate he will be to the essence of ad-Dawah al-Islamiyah. And it is obligatory upon the Du'aat (callers) to as-Salafiyyah today, and in this age to NOT constrict the scope of ad-Dawah asSalafiyyah such that it is restricted to such and such (people), or a particular group.

Ad-Dawah as-Salafiyyah is the Dawah to Islam, with the ample understandings of its scholars, and therefore, you find that the Imams of ad-Dawah as-Salafiyyah, like Imam Ahmed, Imams of Ahlus-Sunnah walJamaah, remaining of the four Imams, Ibn Taymiyyah, Imam IbnilQayyim, Shaikh Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab, Shaikh Muhammad ibn Ibraheem, Shaikh ibn Baaz, and the likes of them - they were broad76

minded with regards to MuHafidah (preserving) of the Muslims, and they looked into the Masaaleh (interests/advantages of the Muslims) and the Mafaasid (i.e., disadvantages of the Muslims), and they were concerned about increasing the Khayr (the goodness), and they never approved Tahazzub (i.e., Hizbiyah, partisanship, groupism). Ibn Taymiyyah, therefore, stipulated that he, who calls to commit to one of the four Madhhabs, should be disciplined. Whosoever calls the people, 'O people, all of you, commit to the Hanbali Madhhab, the truth is with in, and whatever is apart from it is not the truth.", then he should be disciplined. And similarly, he who calls to commit to one of the Tareeqahs, he should be asked to repent, as Ibn Taymiyyah said.

We must understand that the Dawah (the call) to as-Salafiyyah is the Call to Islam, and to constrict the Dawah to Salafiyyah to Dawah to a particular country, call to such and such person, or a specific Manhaj, or a specific understanding, No (this should not be done ). Dawah to Salafiyyah is magnificent, and the Manhaj of the Salaf is Haqq (true), manifest and unambiguous. And the people become close or become distant (from Salafiyyah) in accordance with their learning the Manhaj and its understanding. BUT we do not have the right to make definitive judgment that this person, who calls others provided he is not from the known callers to Bidah and misguidance is Salafi or not. The matter is not like this. Or (we do not have the right to judge) that this Dawah is the Salafi Dawah or not. The Minhaj of Islam is wide, which is inclusive of Dawah with their finer points, and therefore, it should not be restricted to only
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one particular way as is done by some groups in some countries, i.e.they say that this alone is the Manhaj and anything else is not.

It is obligatory upon us to expand the concept in every time and place such that there is an increase in those who respond to ad-Dawah asSalafiyyah. It is not permissible that we constrict the concept of adDawah as-Salafiyyah such that it is restricted to a time or place. We call to Islam upon the Manhaj of the Salaf, and then we will see that even those who were opposed to Salafiyyah will be close to the True Dawah of Salafiyyah. If we look at the efforts/manners of the noble Shaikh Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baaz (rahimahullah) with the opponents, many of them were liberated to the Salafi Dawah due to this approach. There were groups far away (from the truth) but due to his wisdom, and his broad/extensive approach and his steadfastness upon the true Dawah, they were influenced and (so,) came close to this way.

Today, we see that in the Muslims lands, the Du'aat to Salafiyyah are accepted/responded to, Du'aat who are called 'Wahhabis' are accepted, and those who are accepted the most are the Du'aat from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and also other Du'aat. But this country has a position; its scholars, its Du'aat and its students of knowledge. And therefore, it is obligatory upon us to expand the concept so that we can create great effect of this Dawah to Islam ad-Dawah as-Salafiyah."

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A Must Read

Salafi Manhaj (methodology) in Dawah

By Shaikh Saleh ibn Abdul-Aziz Aal-Shaikh

Why the need to learn the Fundamentals of the Manhaj of Dawah? Adapted from the introduction of the book
Dawah, without doubt, is a course of action, which needs a way (i.e., manner, approach, method) It is possible that the Manhaj of Dawah (of some Du'aat) is not in accordance with the Quran, the Sunnah and the safe/reliable way of as-Salaf asSaleh, from whom the people of knowledge have taken the Manhaj of Dawah. The Manhaj of Dawah might be influenced by one's opinion about MaslaHa or by corruption - in accordance to the magnitude of one's inclination towards corruption or it might be influenced by some specific occurrences, which are either territorial, political, etc. Verily, cautiousness/carefulness in establishing the Usool (fundamentals) safeguards the mind and heart from falling into mistakes Available for free download from www.qsep.com

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