Draft Report-3 Taxonomic Gaps

Report (Second Draft) ASSESSMENT OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS TAXONOMIC STATUS AND GAPS IN PROTECTED AREAS OF PAKISTAN
Dr. Haidar Ali
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature
Abbreviations of names of Protected Areas of Pakistan used in the report:
Abbreviation
AANP ANP BVNP CGNP CKNP CNP CRWC CSWS CWC CYWC DAWC DGR DNP DVNP GNP HCNP HNP HSNP KBWC KCNP KirtNP KL KNP
Name of National Park

Ayub National Park Ayubia National Park Broghil Valley National Park Chitral Gol National Park Central Karakoram National Park Chinji National Park Chotiari Reservoir Wetland Complex Chumbi Surla Wildlife Sanctuary Choriari Wetland Complex Chhachh Yari Wari Wetland Complex Deh Akro Wetland Complex Duregi Game Reserve Deosai National Park Deva Vatala National Park Ghamot National Park Hazarganji Chiltan National Park Hingol National Park Hunderab Shandoor National Park Keti Bunder Wetland Complex Kala Chitta National Park Kirthar National Park Kheenjhar Lake Khunjerab National Park
LBWP LDNP LSNP MDGNP MHNP MKSKNP MNP PGR PLNP PRMNP QNP SBNP SMNP SPLWC SWC TPNP
Lohi Bher Wildlife Park Lulosar Dodipat National Park Lal Suhanra National Park Musk Deer Gorez National Park Margallah Hills National Park Murree-Kotli Sattian-Kahuta National Park Machhiara National Park Pai Game Reserve Pir Lasoorha National Park Poonch River Mahaseer National Park Qurumber National Park Sheikh Badin National Park Saiful Maluk National Park Shimshal Pamir Lakes Wetlands Complex Sangar Wetland Complex Toli Pir National Park
Contents
Chapter 1. Background and Introduction to the Study 6 Floristic Studies 6 Faunistic Studies 6 Objectives Scope 7 Locale 7 Stakeholders 7 7
Sources of Data 7 Chapter 2. Research Methodology and Tools/Instruments Chapter 3. Findings / Gaps9 Chapter 4. Conclusion 46 47 50 8
Chapter 5. Recommendations Chapter 6. References cited
Executive Summary
A total of 225 protected areas (PAs) have been reported for the country among which 14 are National Parks, 97 are Game Reserves, 98 are Wildlife Sanctuaries and 16 are among the unclassified; covering a total area of 9,170,121 hectares i.e. 10.4% of total land cover of the country. This information is according to Biodiversity Action Plan, which has been published in 2000 and since then the number of National Parks has raised to 26. Among these protected areas, 7 are IUCN category IA, 8 are IUCN category IB, 1 is category II, 44 are category III, 51 are category IV, 17 are category V and 97 are in unclassified category. But, we dont have any category VI Protected Area in the country. According to the comprehensive literature review, not all the protected areas have been taxonomically evaluated rather about 90% of which are yet to be explored for their Floristic and Faunistic potential, which is one of the basic gaps in the knowledge. Kirthar National Park and Margalla Hills National Parks are already been explored for baseline environmental studies; hence comprehensive lists of their Flora and Fauna are available. Beside this, two students have completed their doctoral dissertations one on Bio-ecology of Ayubia National Park and the other on Floristic Studies of Kirthar National Park, which are fairly providing basis for the taxonomic studies. But lower plants and Insects are yet to be studied in these protected areas. Very few protected areas i.e. Khunjerab National Park, Chitral Gol National Park, Hingol National Park have checklists of their flowering plants or large Mammals or Avian or at the most Amphibians only, rather the lower plants and arthropods have never been studies in any protected area. Moreover, in the newly established protected areas like Broghil Valley National Park: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, established August 25, 2010, Area 134,744 ha. Qurumber National Park: GilgitBaltistan, established August 2, 2011, area 74,000 ha, and Poonch River Mahaseer National Park: AJ & K, established 2011 not even a single study is available regarding their taxonomic assessment, and even if a study is available, the identification source is not properly given. A total of 132 research articles were randomly selected and thoroughly studied. Among which about 72 were published in peer reviewed journals, 33 were technical reports, 8 were unpublished theses, 6 were conference proceedings, 5 were maps, 4 were books and 2 were management plans. A total of 29 research articles were regarding the phytoecology, 18 were regarding Bioecology, 10 were regarding the Ethnobotany, 8 were Management plans, 7 were Checklists, 7 were conservation studies, 7 were Flora and Fauna including taxonomic studies, 6 were avian ecology, 5 were management plans and the rest of 34 were spread over a vast variety of subjects (i.e., 20 subjects) including general management or sociological studies etc. It is therefore, recommended that these Protected Areas should be explored for taxonomic studies. Whereas, very few of the total studied research articles included some aspects of taxonomy like inventory only. Now it is quite interesting if we are unable to authentically identify a plant or animal and its associated taxa, how can we produce a management plan for that particular taxon. Out of total of 132 publications, only 73 research articles were about the higher plants, 35 articles were about mammals, 28 articles were about the study of birds, similarly reptiles were studied in 15 articles, amphibians were reported in 13 articles, fishes were studied in 8 articles, lower plants were studied in 7 articles, whereas, insects were studied in 4 articles only.
Chapter 1. Background and Introduction to the Study
Floristic Studies Understanding and documenting plant diversity is the first target among the 16 outcome-oriented targets for 2010 (Callmander, et. al., 2005), adapted by the sixth Conference of the Parties (COP6) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) held in April 2002. So far, the total number of identified vascular plants has ranged from 310,000 (Prance, et. al., 2000) to 420,000 species (Bramwell, et. al., 2002), but still we are far from having any kind of authoritative World Checklist (Callmander, et. al., 2005). For Pakistan total of 1572 genera and 5521 species of flowering plants are identified. Among which 1389 genera and 4758 species are published in 215 families in the form of Flora of Pakistan and 5 families with 183 genera and 763 species are yet to be published (Ali, 2008). In Pakistan most of the flowering plant diversity is confined to the mountainous areas (Ali & Qaiser, 1986). Therefore, there is dire need of extensive plant collection in these biodiversity rich mountain areas of Pakistan. Many critical areas, particularly mountain valleys like Deosai Plains, Hunza, Chitral, Dir, Kurram, North and South Waziristan are under collected (Ali, 2008) and require continuous efforts as far as plant exploration is concerned, so that more new taxa could be discovered (Ali, 2008). About 80% of endemic flowering plants are confined to the northern and western mountains of Pakistan and Kashmir (Ali, 2008) and are recognized as the centre of radiation (Ali & Qaiser, 1986).
Faunistic Studies In Pakistan, Mountfort and Poore started the baseline studies for fauna through WWF expeditions during 1966-1967 and 1967 to 1968 respectively. The studies extended by many zoologists / ecologists (Khan, 1970; Ali, 1974; Mirza, 1975; Mirza and Aleem, 1977; Khan, 1980, 1999; Schaller, 1976; Ahmed, 1986; Mani, 1986; Roberts, 1991, 1992, 1997; Anwar, 1995; Baig, 1992, 1998; Jamali, 1998), who have contributed to knowledge on the Fauna of Pakistan. There are many reports on the studies of mammals in Pakistan, but the most reliable and recent work is that of Roberts (1997). He gave a detailed account of 177 species of mammals, which include 13 insectivore, 49 bats, two primates, one pholidota, 33 carnivore, 1 perissodactyle, 16 artiodactyle, four lagomorphs, 44 rodents and 14 cetaceans. But this study is for whole of the country and not particularly concentrated to any of Protected Area. Therefore, it is not necessary that all these taxa are found in the PAs of the country. Rather, it is very hard to get a list of the taxa found in PAs out of this publication. He also mentioned 11 extra-limiter and three extinct taxa. Our knowledge on the avifauna of Pakistan is again mainly based on the studies of Roberts (1991, 1992). He identified about 660 species known to occur or have occurred in Pakistan. Now this time, main focus was their zoogeographic affinities, and not purely taxonomic in nature. Minton (1966) and Mertens (1969) conducted the first herpetological studies in Pakistan, but their studies were mainly restricted to the southern part of Pakistan only. According to Khan, (1980, 1999) and Baig, (1992), the number of amphibian and reptiles in Pakistan is over 200, of which 10% are amphibians and remaining are reptiles, whereas, Mirza, (1975) reported that fish species diversity is highest in the Indus River plains, and in the Himalayan foothills. Among the marine invertebrates about 788 species have been recorded so far from coastal waters, especially crustaceans and mollusks (BAP, 2000; Ahmad, 1998). There are 11 species of Apollo butterflies of the genus Parnassius; with 17 sub-species endemic to this area (Mani, 1986).
Objectives Comprehensive study, in the context of the overall objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Programme of Work on Protected Areas (PoW-Pas): Capacities to promote in-situ and ex-situ conservation.
Scope Scope of this document is to provide a set of taxonomic gaps, identified for the better documentation and sustainable management of the biological resources of protected areas in Pakistan. Besides, supporting the establishment and maintenance of ecologically representative protected areas that collectively contribute to achieve the three objectives of the CBD and the 2010 target to significantly reduce the current rate of biodiversity loss and contribute to poverty reduction and the pursuit of sustainable development, thereby supporting the objectives of the Strategic Plan of the Convention, the World Summit on Sustainable Development Plan of Implementation and the Millennium Development Goals. Additionally these are the basic important points which will also be helpful in promoting the conservation of the rich biodiversity in perpetuity for present and future generations.
Locale Management of biodiversity can not be considered as effective, unless and until it is taxonomically authentically identified. Because, in some cases, the conservation strategies are species specific, whereas, generally they are associated with other allied taxa in the ecosystem, in that case, the authentic identification becomes rather more important.
Stakeholders Generally it is considered that the wildlife and forest departments are the stakeholders of the protected areas, besides the other research, teaching institutes. On the other hand the local community also shares the resources symbiotically.
Sources of Data Inadequate taxonomic information combined with sparse, uneven collections creates a gap in the data necessary to design appropriate conservation protocol. If no voucher specimens from any of the localities are cited neither any herbarium specimens are cited nor submitted to any of the herbaria of the country. Therefore, there arises a question on the authenticity of the identification being carried out. Unfortunately there is no comprehensive and consolidated database of the Flora and Fauna of protected areas of the country. Therefore, the historic floristic and faunistic studies are considered for this purpose.
Chapter 2. Research Methodology and Tools/Instruments
Since, no consolidated taxonomic database is available regarding the Flora and Fauna of all the protected areas of the country, therefore a comprehensive literature review was conducted in this connection, starting from colonial missions in 1820, travelogues, gazetteers and Flora of British India. Books, peer reviewed research papers, technical reports and unpublished thesis, were also studied. Similarly meetings, interviews and focused group discussions were conducted with the officials of different government and non-governmental organizations i.e. provincial forest and wildlife departments. GIS based datasets of WWF, WCMC, NCS, NIO, Botanical Gardens, Library of PSF and IUCN, were also consulted. All these information were thoroughly studied and analyzed for the taxonomic gaps in Protected Areas. All the documents were searched for the report of Flora and or Fauna, their taxonomic gaps were identified by comparing them with the already published taxonomic literature i.e. Flora of Pakistan (Nasir & Ali, 1970-1979; Nasir & Ali, 1980-1989; Ali & Nasir, 1989-1992; Ali & Qaiser, 1993-2012) and Flora Iranica (Rechinger, 1957-2001). However, recent taxonomic literature was also consulted in this connection. For the nomenclature of Fauna Roberts (1991); (1992); Ali & Ripley (1983); (1987); Khan, (2006); (1993); Khan and Baig (1988); Howes and Backwell (1989); Hassan and Qureshi (1967); Hassan (2001) and Baig (2001) were used. For the taxonomic authentication of scientific names, online databases were also used, e.g. International Plant Names Index (www.ipni.org), Integrated Taxonomic Information System (www.itis.gov) ITIS and Catalogue of life (www.catalogueoflife.org).
Chapter 3. Findings / Gaps

Exploration of biodiversity was initiated by Colonial expeditions in 1820 from Ladakh and Kashmir by William Moorcroft, followed by Victor Jacquemont 1828-1832, who collected in Kashmir and Punjab (Stewart, 1972). After that, many European botanists collected from one or two localities of the country. Collections of H. Falconer (18601865) were confined to Hazara and Baltistan. Similarly, N. Vicary (1838) collected in Sindh and Salt range of Punjab. Griffith collected from Baluchistan and NWFP (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) (Table 1). On the basis of these collections the two great floras of the region, i.e. the Flora Orientalis (Boissier 1867-1888) and the Flora of British India (Hooker, 1872-1897) were written (Table 2). One important aspect about the collections made in Pakistan prior to the country's establishment in 1947 is that virtually all of them were housed either in Europe (mainly BM1, E, and K) or in India, at Calcutta or Dehra Dun, in both cases inaccessible to botanists in Pakistan (Stewart, 1972). The largest plant collection in Pakistan in 1947 was that developed by Ralph Stewart at Gordon College in Rawalpindi (RAW) now shifted to NARC. R.R. Stewart collected plants from almost whole of the country and included his findings in his monumental work An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir (Stewart, 1972). However, it is based on collections from one or two localities of a district, likewise, no taxonomic description is given nor any taxonomic key is available, hence do not qualify to be the Flora.
Table 1. The pioneer plant collectors of Pakistan and Kashmir Name William Moorcroft Victor Jacquemont H. Falconer N. Vicary W. Griffith J.E. Stocks R.R. Stewart Year 1820 1822 1828 1832 1860 1865 1838 1838 1840 1848 1850 1910 1960 Region Ladakh & Kashmir Kashmir & Punjab Kashmir, Hazara, Baltistan Sindh & Salt range Punjab Balochistan & N.W.F.P. Sindh & Balochistan All over Pakistan
Table 2. Floras available at the time of creation of Pakistan.
BM: The Natural History Museum; K: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; E: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh; RAW: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council
Name Hooker, J. D. Boissier E. Parker, R. N. Kashyap, S. R. Blatter, C., E. McCann, and Sabnis, T.S.
Year 1872-1894 1867-1884 1928 1936
Name of Flora Flora of British India Flora Orientalis Flora of the Punjab and Delhi Lahore District Flora, Punjab.
1927-1929
Flora of Indus Delta
These floras are very old and majority of the botanical names have been changed by now, hence cannot be used as a reference of plant identification. On the other hand plant specimens cited in these floras were not extensively collected from all the ecological regions of the country. Similarly a lot of new taxa have been described since then. Hence, none of these Floras fulfilled the requirements of the country. Herbaria in Pakistan At the time of creation of Pakistan, 3 or 4 mini Herbaria were present in the country except R.R. Stewart Herbarium at Gordon College Rawalpindi (RAW) which had about 60,000 specimen - who had collected all over Pakistan for 50 years (Ali, 2008). Stewart collection formed the basis for writing the Flora of Pakistan. Some new herbaria were also established, afterward (Table 3). Table 3. List of Herbaria in Pakistan. Name National Herbarium, PARC, Islamabad (RAW) Formerly Stewart Herbarium, Gordon College, Rawalpindi. Herbarium, University of the Punjab, Lahore (LAH) Herbarium, Botany Department, Islamia College, Peshawar (ICP) Herbarium, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar (PPFI) Herbarium, Botany Department, Peshawar University, Peshawar (PUP) Herbarium, Botany Department, Karachi University, Karachi (KUH) Specimens 75,000 Founded 1912
50,000 12,000 20,000 40,000 120,000
1918 1920 1947 1952 1953
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Herbarium, PCSIR, Peshawar (PES) Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, (ISL) Herbarium, Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad (PMNH) (Source: Ali, 2008)
13,000 175,000
1958 1974
60,500
1981
Similarly the wildlife act of India 1927 was adapted as such and was later renamed as the wildlife act of Pakistan 1927. The Indian forest act of 1927 was also renamed as Pakistan forest act 1927. We have University of the Punjab with Departments of Botany and Zoology in inheritance. As per analysis of the Stewart Catalogue (Stewart, 1972) and Flora of Pakistan published so far, there are 161 genera and 855, comprising of 6 families that are yet to be published (Table 4). Although it is available online (www.efloras.org) even then there is no system of revising the Flora of Pakistan. On the other hand first fascicle of Flora of Pakistan appeared 34 years ago, it is now expected that during this time a lot of new taxa have been described and ranking of so many taxa would have been changed, besides, a lot of specimens have now been contributed to various Herbaria, therefore, it is recommended that these specimens should be considered for the revision of the Flora of Pakistan. Table 4. Flora of Pakistan yet to be published Families Asteraceae Cactaceae Liliaceae Myrtaceae Rosaceae Scrophulariaceae Total Genera 131-51=80 2 6 7 29 37 161 Species 650-194=456 7 34 13 182 163 855
Relatively less explored areas should be botanized such as: North and South Waziristan, Northern Areas of Pakistan (Gilgit & Baltistan), Kurram Agency, Sulaiman range, Khirthar range and Deosai plateau. It is therefore recommended
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that these areas should be intensively studied for the plant diversity and it is expected that some new taxa (undescribed or new to science) would be found in these under collected areas. A total of 132 research articles were randomly selected and thoroughly studied. Among which about 72 were published in peer reviewed journals, 33 were technical reports, 8 were unpublished theses, 6 were conference proceedings, 5 were maps, 4 were books and 2 were management plans (Table 7). A total of 29 research articles were regarding the phytoecology, 18 were regarding Bioecology, 10 were regarding the Ethnobotany, 8 were Management plans, 7 were Checklists, 7 were conservation studies, 7 were Flora and Fauna including taxonomic studies, 6 were avian ecology, 5 were management plans and the rest of 34 were spread over a vast variety of subjects (i.e., 20 subjects) including general management or sociological studies etc (Table 8). It is therefore, recommended that these Protected Areas should be explored for taxonomic studies. Whereas, very few of the total studied research articles included some aspects of taxonomy like inventory only. Now it is quite interesting if we are unable to authentically identify a plant or animal and its associated taxa, how can we produce a management plan for that particular taxon. Out of total of 132 publications, only 73 research articles were about the higher plants, 35 articles were about mammals, 28 articles were about the study of birds, similarly reptiles were studied in 15 articles, amphibians were reported in 13 articles, fishes were studied in 8 articles, lower plants were studied in 7 articles, whereas, insects were studied in 4 articles only (Table 6 & 9). Among the lower plants, there are at least 189 pteridophytes (ferns and their allies), with no specification of collection from any of the protected area. So far, as lower plants (Algae, Liverworts, Mosses and Lichens etc.) are concerned, these are poorly known. Mirza (1978) has reported 847 genera and 3,383 species of fungi from Pakistan. But this figure is for the whole country and not concentrated to any Protected Area of the country. It is therefore recommended that intrinsic taxonomic studies should be conducted in all the PAs of the country at the earliest. According to the focused group discussions, the wildlife and forestry departments are the basic field workers and custodians of biodiversity but they are not taxonomists in their specialization i.e. they lack even the basic taxonomic knowledge hence their identification cannot be considered as authentic. The foresters and wildlife workers have concern only with timber trees and with the number of targeted species; they have no idea of plant diversity and do not even know scientific names of the common most species. In most cases, data are primarily based upon the observations made by local people who in many cases cannot even read and write. As a result their information is not valid and authentic. Similarly, if changes occur in their nomenclature, they are unable to understand or incorporate. According to the analysis of all the data accumulated so far, we do not have any consolidated list of all the flora and fauna of the country, which is a huge gap in the taxonomy of all the biodiversity in Pakistan. Flora of Pakistan published so far is purely based on the collections of accessible and remote valleys are seldom approached. Flora of Pakistan has not yet been completed and few major families like Rosaceae, Scrophuariaceaee and Asteraceae are yet to be completed. Beside this, Flora of Pakistan is all about higher plants and lower plants are yet to be published. Similarly, we have sporadic data for Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes and Pteridophytes. Fauna of all the PAs published so far is very sporadic and it is very hard to compile them into a consolidated form. Therefore, a lot of efforts are required for conducting the faunistic studies in all PAs of the country. According to literature review regarding the Protected Areas, we could find only two references regarding the report of insects diversity (pollinators) in Protected Areas (Table 7).
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In one of the technical reports of baseline studies in a protected area (e.g. Chitral Gol National Park) (Inam-ur-Rahim, 2003), common names have been given instead of their scientific names, therefore, the identification cannot be considered as authentic, as a result the findings become useless. A total of 225 protected areas (9,170,121 hectares, 10.4% of the total land area) have been designated for the country, among which 14 are National Parks (1,034,239 ha), 97 are Game Reserves (3,535,284 ha), 98 are Wildlife Sanctuaries (4,359,667 ha) and 16 are among unclassified (private, proposed or recommended; 240931 ha) (Khan, 2012). Whereas, according to UNEP-WCMC, (2001) (Figure 1) some more PAs have been established in recent years (Figure 2). Similarly, Khan, (2003) has reported 14 National Parks, 99 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 96 Game Reserves, 9 Ramsar sites, 16 unclassified and one biosphere reserve. Among these protected areas, 7 are IUCN category IA, 8 are IUCN category IB, 1 is category II, 44 are category III, 51 category IV, 17 category V and 97 are in unclassified category (Appendix 1). Secondly, Pakistan has no IUCN category VI protected site, whereas, it is a signatory of virtually all the important international agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar), the World Heritage Convention, and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn). Beside this Pakistan is also a signatory of The World Conservation Union (IUCN), International Waterfowl and International Wetland Research Bureau (IWRB), but still we do not have any authoritative list of plants or animals of all the protected areas.
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Figure 1. Distribution of Protected Areas on the national map. (Source: WDPA database website i.e. www.protectedplanet.net).
14
Figure 2. Screen shot of the WDPA website (www.protectedplanet.net), mentioning the total number of protected areas for Pakistan (taken on June 20, 2012).
Hagler Bailly Pakistan has conducted environmental baseline studies in Margalla hills (Hagler-Bailly, 2007) comprising of two national parks (Margala Hills National Park and Ayubia National Park), two wildlife sanctuary (Islamabad and Lohi Bher Forest wildlife sanctuary) and two game reserves (Islamabad and Kathar game reserve). Similarly they have also conducted environmental baseline studies in Kirthar National Park, and on the basis of these findings a plant guide to Kirthar National Park has been published (Akhtar, 2003), which provides basis for the taxonomic contribution. Similarly, desert vegetation was focused by Enright et al., (2005) but it is basically ecological in nature and confined to c. 125 taxa only. These are the only authentic lists which can be considered as basis for further taxonomic studies. According to the literature some of the taxa have been collected many years ago from only one locality and has never been found again, and on the basis of that single gathering that taxa were described and named as separate species. For example, Wendelboa obtusa Soest once collected from Barum-Gol Chitral some 62 years back and never been collected again (Ali, 2010). Similarly Plantago baltistanica H. Hartmann was described some 50 years back from Baltistan and not yet found again (Alam, 2010). There are equal possibilities of finding these taxa in the nearby protected areas, it is therefore suggested that intensive field studies should be conducted by the taxonomists for finding these rare taxa in the protected areas on urgent basis. Some floristic and faunistic studies in Keti Bundar Coastal / Deltaic Ecosystem, Keenjhar Lake and Chotiari Wetland Complex, have also been conducted (Khatoon and Akbar, 2008) which forms the basis of inventorying in these protected areas. Only in few National Parks i.e. Hingol National Park, Kirthar National Park and Khunjrab National Park, good quality baseline studies have been conducted (Table 6), it is therefore suggested that similar studies should also be 15
conducted in the remaining protected areas as well, especially in the newly established PAs. On the basis of these findings it is estimated that more than 85% of the Protected Areas of the country are considered as taxonomically unexplored (Table 5). Similarly, majority of the studies carried out are mainly with reference to ecology, ethnobotany, distribution or behaviors and with no information regarding their taxonomy, whereas, in some cases their identification is doubtful. Similarly, we dont have any consolidated inventory of invasive species with the information of geographic distribution and population size for the PAs of the country. Very few invasive species on one hand can be beneficial to community by providing fuel-wood, timber and shelter, while on the other hand they are harmful and disturb the endemic flora of an area, whereas, in some cases they also affect the health of local people.
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Table 5. List of publications of Protected Areas of Pakistan. P.No. 1 Title of paper Analyzing the herbaceous flora of Lohi Bher Wildlife Park under variable environmental stress Checklist of Flora and Fauna of Chotiari Reservoir Author(s) Sheikh Saeed Ahmad and Hum Ehsan M.K. Leghari, Ehsan Feroz, Surraya Khatoon, Rehmatullah, Rafaqat Masroor, Ghalib, Rafeeque, Fakhri Syed Ali Husnain Attaullah Pandrani Name of PA Lohi Bher Wildlife Park Chotiari Wildlife Sanctuary Type of study Phytoecology Year of publication 2012 Publisher Pakistan Journal of Botany Unpublished Technical report Comments Only herbs are focused for ecological factors Very good identification and ecological information
Checklist of Flora and Fauna
2011
Ecological Baseline Survey of Chhach and Yari Wari Wetlands
Wetlands complex (unclassified)
Checklist of Flora and Fauna
2011
Unpublished Technical report by Sangat Development Foundation Unpublished Technical report by Sangat Development Fiundation Pakistan Journal of Botany
Very good identification and ecological information Very good identification and ecological information
Ecological Baseline Study of Fauna and Flora of Chhachh and Yari Wari Lake) Deh Akro-II Desert wetland Complex Nawabshah Preliminary floristic list of Chotiary wetland complex Nawab Shah Sindh Pakistan
Saadul Islam and Sakina Nazi Memon
Wetlands complex (unclassified)
Ecological studies
2010
Rahmatullah Qureshi
Chotiary wetland complex (Unclassified)
Checklist of Flowering plants
2008
Very good identification
P.No.
Title of paper
Author(s)
Name of PA
Type of study
Year of publication
Publisher
Comments
Study of vegetation and smooth coated otter in Chotiari wetlands complex Sangar Sindh Pakistan
Rahmatullah Qureshi, Waseem Ahmad Khan and Babar Khan
Chotiary wetland complex (Unclassified) Hindrup Karamabar National Park
Phytoecology
2009
Pakistan Journal of Botany
Ecological studies
Phytodiversity and endemic Hamayun Shaheen richness of Karambar lake and Zabta Khan vegetation from Chitral Hindukush Shinwari Himalayas Phytosociology and structure of Central Karakorum National Park (CKNP of Northern Areas of Pakistan Status of Blanfords Urial and Sindh Ibex on the Dureji Game Management area Balochistan Pakistan A quantitative study on wildlife of Chotiari Reservoir Sangar, Sindh, Pakistan Alamdar Hussain, M. Afzal Farooq and Moinuddin Ahmad Michael R. Frisina, Ghulam ali Awan and Michael H. Woodford Muhammad Rasi, M. Zaheer Khan, Darakhshan Abbass, Ghulam Akbar, Rub Nawaz and Saeed-ul-Islam Naeem Iftikhar Dar, Riaz Aziz Minhas,
Phytoecology
2012
Ecological studies
Cenral Karakorum National Park
Phytoecology
2010
World Applied Science Journal
Phytoecological studies
Duregi Game Reserve
Taxonomy of Urial
2003
Unpublished Technical report
Conservation studies
10
Chotiary wetland complex (Unclassified)
Wildlife ecology
2011
Pakistan Journal of Zoology
Only species richness is focused
11
Predicting the patterns, perceptions and causes of
Machiara National
Behavior studies
2009
Biological
Only Human carnivore
18
P.No.
Title of paper human-carnivore conflict in and around Machiara National Park, Pakistan
Author(s) Qamar Zaman and Matthew Linkie Riaz Aziz Minhas, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad, Muhammad Siddique Awan and Naeem Iftikhar Dar R.R. Stewart
Name of PA Park
Type of study
Year of publication
Publisher Conservation
Comments conflict is focused
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Social organization and reproductive biology of Himalayan Grey Langur in Machiara National Park Azad Kashmir Pakistan
Machiara National Park
Social organization and reproductive biology
2010
Pakistan Journal Zoology
Social organization and reproductive biology
13
The Flora of the Deosai Plains
Deosai National Park Hingol National Park
Flora of higher plants
1961
Pakistan Journal of Forestry Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
Published 50 years earlier, needs complete review Ecology of 158 bird species are given with no taxonomy or identification keys
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Bioecology and conservation of the birds of Hingol National Park, Balochistan
M. Zaheer, Syed Ali Ghalib, Afsheen Zehra and Babar Hussain
Bioecology of Birds 2010
15 16
Assessment of Natural vegetation of Hingol National Park Wildlife of border belt Game Reserve district Narowal Punjab Pakistan Baseline terrestrial vegetation and floristic studies at Shimshal M. Akbar, R.A.J Khan, S. Mehboob and Z.U. Nisa Sher Wali Khan and Jan Alam
Hingol National Park Border Belt Game Reserve Wetland (Unclassified)
Phytoecology Mammals and Birds Phytoecology
2010 2005
Unpublished technical report Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences Unpublished technical report Only mammals and birds are with no Taxonomy Only higher plants are listed
17
2010
19
P.No.
Title of paper Pamir lakes Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Author(s)
Name of PA
Type of study
Year of publication
Publisher
Comments
18
Environmental Baseline studies of Anon. Deosai National Park Report on Socio-economic Baseline for Sheosar Lake Vegetation types of Sheosar lake and surrounding landscape in Deosai Plains of North Pakistan Western Himalaya Altitudinal distribution of Grasses, Sedges and Rushed of Deosai Plateau, Pakistan First report on the Biodiversity of Khunjerab National Park Anon. Humayun Shaheen and Rizwana Aleem Qureshi K. Sultana, Muqarrab Shah and T.M. Upson Rahmatullah Qureshi, Waseem Ahmad Khan, G.R. Bhatti, Barab Khan, Shahid Iqbal, Mohammad Shafiq Ahmad, Mohammad Abid and Arif Yaqub
Deosai National Park Deosai National Park Deosai National Park
Flora, Birds and Mammals Socio-economic Phytoecology
2006
Unpublished technical report Unpublished technical report Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Only higher plants, mammals and birds are listed Socio-economic Baseline Ecological studies
19 20
2007 2011
21
Deosai National Park
Bioecology of Grasses
2007
Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agriculture and Food Chemistry Pakistan Journal of Botany
Taxonomy of grasses and sedges
22
Khunjerab National Park
Checklist of flora and fauna
2011
Flora and Fauna
20
P.No. 23
Title of paper Plant communities around Chiltan in Quetta District of Baluchistan Vegetation ordination of Chiltan in Baluchistan An annotated checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Margalla Hills National Park Pakistan Population and conservation status of Barking Deer in Pri Lasora National Park and other areas of district Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan Ecological zonation and identification of core biodiversity zones in Margallah Hills National Park Prioritization of medicinal plants of Margalla Hills National Park Islamabad on the basis of available information
Author(s) R.B.Tareen, M. Ahmad and K.R. Tareen Moinudin Ahmad, R.B.Tareen and K.R. Tareen Rafaqat Masroor
Name of PA Hazarganji Chiltan National Park Hazarganji Chiltan National Park Margalla Hills National Park
Type of study Phytoecology
Year of publication 1987
Publisher Mod. Trends Pl. Sci. Res. Pak. Mod. Trends Pl. Sci. Res. Pak. Pakistan J. Zool.
Comments Floral Ecology
24
Phytoeology
1987
Floral Ecology
25
Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles Bioecology of Barking Deer
2011
Amphibians and Reptiles
26
Samina Zulfiqar, Riaz Aziz Minhas, M. Siddique Awan and Usman Ali Saadullah Ayaz
Pri Lasora National Park
2011
Pakistan J. Zool.
Population of Barking deer
27
Margalla Hills National Park
Phytoecology
2005
Unpublished Thesis
Flora and Fauna
28
S.S.Ahmad, F. Mahmood, Z.Dogar, Zafar Iqbal Khan, K. Ahmad, M. Sher, I.Mustafaa dn
Medicinal plants
2009
Small list of 40 medicinal plants
21
P.No.
Title of paper
Author(s) E.E.Valeem
Name of PA
Type of study
Year of publication
Publisher
Comments
29
Folk use of medicinal herbs of Margallah Hills National Park, Islamabad Diversity of plant species in Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur, Pakistan Margala and Margala North Blocks Environmental Baseline Study Some common species of Fleshy Macromycetes from Margalla Hills National Park and Adjacent areas Plants in coexistence with man and wildlife at Deosai: Himalayas Plants used by the loal communities of people in the area of National Park Machiyara Community uses of medicinal plants National Park Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir
M.I. Shinwari and Mir, Ajab Khan
Medicinal plants
2000
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Very small list of medicinal plants. Only 50 medicinal plants are listed 56 plant species
30
M.Hameed, AA. Chaudhry, M. A. Maan and A.H.Gill Anon. (Hagler Bailly) Amir Sultan, Kishwar Nazir and Najma Ayub A.A. Khan, R.A. Rajput and U. Khalid Raja Muhammad Rauf Khan Syed Aftab Hussain Bukhari
Lal Suhanra National Park Magallah Hills National Park Magallah Hills National Park Deosai National Park Machiyara National Park Machiyara National Park
Checklist of flowering plants Flora and Fauna
2002
Online Journal of Biological Sciences Unpublished Technical Report Pakistan Journal of Botany Proc. First Train Workshop Ethnob. Appl. Conservation Proc. First Train Workshop Ethnob. Appl. Conservation Proc. First Train Workshop Ethnob. Appl. Conservation
31
2007
Flora and Fauna
32
Fungal studies
2001
Lower Flora
33
Sociological study
1996
Sociological study
34
Ethnobotany
1996
Ethnobotanical study
35
Ethnobotany
1996
Ethnobotanical study
22
P.No. 36
Title of paper Two new records of snakes species from Machiyara National Park Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan Vegetation baseline study in Chitral Gol National Park, NWFP, Pakistan Range management baseline study in Chitral Gol National Park NWFP, Pakstan Status of Himalayan Lynx in District Chitral, NWFP, Pakistan A note on some grasses relished by Markhor in Chital Gol Markhor population dynamics and food availability in Chitral Gol Game Sanctuary Markhor population dynamics and food availability in Chitral Wildlife Sanctuary Chitral Gol Sanctuary for Markhor
Author(s) Khalid, J. Baig and M. Rafique
Name of PA Machiyara National Park
Type of study Reptiles study
Publisher Proc. Pakistan Acad. Sci
Comments Only 2 snake species
37
Raja Muhammad Zarif M. Inam-ur-Rahim
Chitral Gol National Bark Chitral Gol National Park Chitral Gol National Park Chiral Gol National Park Chitral Gol National Park Chitral Gol National Park Chitral Gol National Park
Phytoecology
2004
Unpublished Technical Report Unpublished Technical Report The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences The Pakistan Journal of Forestry The Pakistan Journal of Forestry The Pakistan Journal of Forestry The Pakistan Journal of Forestry
Only 30 species are listed Only common names of 80 species are given. Himalayan Linx
38
Range management study Conservation Himalayan Linx status Bioecology of Grasses Bioecology of Markhor Bioecology of Markhor Bioecology of Markhor
2005
39
J.U. Din and M. A. Nawaz Mirza Hakim Khan Abdul Aleem
2010
40 41
1979 1978
Grasses Ecology and population dynamics Ecology of Markhor
42
Abdul Aleem
1979
43
Ali Akbar
1974
Ecology of Markhor
23
P.No. 44 45 46 47
Title of paper Population dynamics of Markhor in Chitral Gol Vegetation of Scree slopes in Chitral Gol Phytosociological studies in Chitral Gol Forestry and Range Management in Chitral District Markhor in Chitral Gol Phyto-sociological studies in Chhumbi Surla Wildlife Sanctuary, Chakwal Pakistan II. Phyoecology Preliminary studies on plants for Ayubia National Park Management Plan Transferring theory and practice of environmental governance: a case study of Ayubia National Park, Pakistan
Author(s) Abdul Aleem A.R. Beg and Ilahi Bakhsh Mirza Hakim Khan M. I. Sheikh and Sultan Maqsood Khan Abdul Aleem A.Aleem Chaudhry, M. Hameed, R.Ahmad and A. Hussain Muqarrab Shah
Name of PA Chitral Gol National Park Chitral Gol National Park Chitral Gol National Park Chitral Gol National Park Chitral Gol National Park Chhambi Surla Wildlife Sanctuary
Type of study Bioecology of Markhor Phytoecology Phytoecology Forestry and Range management Bioecology Phytoecology
Year of publication 1977 1974 1978 1983
Publisher The Pakistan Journal of Forestry The Pakistan Journal of Forestry The Pakistan Journal of Forestry The Pakistan Journal of Forestry The Pakistan Journal of Forestry International Journal of Agriculture & Biology Unpublished
Comments Ecology of Markhor Ecology Ecology Range management studies Ecology Phytoecology
48 49
1976 2001
50
Ayubia National Park Ayubia National Park
Management plan
--
Management plan
51
Mohsin Farooque
Environmental governance
2011
Unpublished thesis
Environmental governance
24
P.No. 52 53 54
Title of paper Management plan of Ayubia National Park 2002-07 A study of genus Ramaria from Ayubia National Park Pakistan Indigenous rights and Biodiversity Conservation: A case study of Ayubia National Park Floristic composition along an 18km long transect in Ayubia National Park, District Abbottabad, Pakistan Exploring the vegetation dynamics and community assemblage in Ayubia National Park, Rawalpindi, Pakistan using CCA Exploring the economic value of underutilized plant species in Ayubia National Park Indigenous uses of some important Ethnomedicinal Herbs of Ayubia National Park, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Author(s) Mohsin Farooque G. Nasim, M. Ali and Asad Shabbir Shaheen Rafi Khan and Asad Naqvi Shehzadi Saima, A.A. Dasti, F. Hussain, S.M. Wazir and S.A. Malik S.S.Ahmad and Q.U.Ann
Name of PA Ayubia National Park Ayubia National Park Ayubia National Park Ayubia National Park
Type of study Management plan Fungal studies Indigenous rights
Year of publication 2002 2008 2000
Publisher Unpublished management plan Mycopath Unpublished report
Comments Management plan Fungal Taxonomy Management study
55
Phytoecology
2009
Phytoecology
56
Ayubia National Park
Phytoecology
2011
Biodiversity Journal
Phytoecology
57
S.S.Ahmad A. Ahmad S.A.Gilani, R.A.Qureshi and S.J. Gilani
Ayubia National Park Ayubia National Park
Ethnobotanical Studies Ethnobotany
2007
Pakistan Journal of Botany Ethnobotanical Leaflet
Ethnobotany
58
2006
Ethnobotany
25
P.No. 59
Title of paper Ethnobotanical Studuies of Ayubia National Park, District Abbottabad, Pakistan Conservational Status of plant seedlings in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan Interplay of local communities and Biodiversity in Ayubia National Park
Author(s) S.A. Gilani, R.A. Qureshi and Umer Farooq R. Khanum and S.A. Gilani Safdar Ali Shah
Name of PA Ayubia National Park Ayubia National Park Ayubia National Park
Type of study Ethnobotany
Publisher Online Journal of Biological Science Lyonia a journal of ecology and application Proc. Ethnobotany Applied Participatory Forest Management in Pakistan
Comments Ethnobotany
60
Phytoecology
2005
Phytoecoloyg
61
Management studies
2001
Sociological study
62
Multivariate analysis of Environmental and vegetation data of Ayub National Park Rawalpindi Vegetation survey of Ayub National Park, Rawalpindi Phytosociological studies of Ayub National Park Rawalpindi Preliminary study to know Leopard population in and around
T.Jabeen and S.S. Ahmad
Ayub National Park
Phytoecology
2009
Soil and Environment
Phytoecology
63 64
S.S.Hussain Anjum Amin and Raja Muhammad Ashfaque Anon.
Ayub National Park Ayub National Park
Phytoecology Phytoecology
1969 1982
The Pakistan Journal of Forestry The Pakistan Journal of Forestry Unpublished WWFScientific Committee
Phytoecology Phytoecology
65
Management studies
2007
Sociology
26
P.No.
Title of paper Ayubia National Park
Author(s)
Name of PA
Type of study
Year of publication
Publisher Technical Report
Comments
67 68
Conservation of Leopards in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan Some aspects of Bio-ecology of Ayubia National Park, NWFPPakistan. Vegetation classification in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan using ordination methods Ayubia National Park survey and staff training. Pheasant survey in Ayubia National Park.
Asad Lodhi Chaudhry M. Shafique Saeed, S.A and Quratulann, Whale, R., Zaman, W., Zeb, U., Alam, M., & Rehman, S. Whale, R.
Ayubia National Park Ayubia National Park Ayubia National Park Ayubia National Park Ayubia National Park
conservation MS thesis Bioecology PhD. Thesis, Phytoecology
2007 2003
Unpublished Thesis Department of Zoology, University of Karachi. Pak. J. Bot
Conservation Biology
69
2011
Phytoecology
70
Survey and staff Training Bioecology
1996
Unpublished training report Wildlife Department, Abbottabad, Pakistan. Working Paper 14.
Training
71
1996
Pheasant survey only
72
Fodder and fuelwood: Ethnobotany and management at Ayubia National Park, Pakistan.
AumeeruddyThomas, Y., Shinwari, Z. K., Ayaz, A. & Khan, A.A. Neal J. Enright and Ben P. Miller
Ethnobotany
2004
Ethnobotany
73
Livestock Grazing Impacts on Desert Vegetation, Khirthar
Khirthar National Park
Range management
2007
Rangeland Ecology & Management
Livestock grazing
27
P.No.
Title of paper National Park, Pakistan
Author(s)
Name of PA
Type of study
Year of publication
Publisher
Comments
74
Central Karakorum Conservation M.A. Nawaz, Complex: Draft Management Plan P.Shadie and V. Zakaria Central Karakorum Conservation Complex: Management planning Framework Conservation and Controversy in the Karakorum: Khunjerab National Park, Pakistan Ensuring sustainable management of Central Karakorum Conservation Complex: Building upon the experiences of HKKH Partnership Project Karakorum Himalaya Source book for a Protected Area Land Cover Mapping of the Central Karakorum National Park Preservation in Pakistan: Exclusionist or Holisyic? The case study of Central Karakorum M.A. Nawaz, P.Shadie and V. Zakaria Are Knudsen
Central Karakorum National Park Central Karakorum National Park Khunjerab National Park Central Karakorum National Park
Management Plan
2009
Unpublished Technical Report Unpublished Technical Report Journal of Political Ecology Unpublished
Management plan
75
Management Plan
2009
Management plan
76
Management Plan Management studies
1999
Ecological Politics
77
Sheraz Ullah Baig
---
Management
78 79 80
Nigel J.R. Allan Anon. Candidate Number 387939
Central Karakorum National Park Central Karakorum National Park Central Karakorum National Park
Source Book Map Conservation management Thesis
1995 2009 2008
Unpublished Unpublished Oxford University Centre for the Environment
Book Map Conservation and Management
28
P.No.
Title of paper National Park
Author(s)
Name of PA
Type of study
Year of publication
Publisher
Comments
81
Phytosociology and Sturucture of Central Karakorum National Park (CKNP) of Northern Areas of Pakistan
Alamdar Hussain, M. Sfzal Farooq and Moinuddin Amad
Central Karakorum National Park
Phytoecology
2010
World Applied Sciences Journal
Phytoecology
82
Central Karakorum Conservation Anon. Complex: Draft Management Plan (species management) Central Karakorum Conservation Anon. Complex: Draft Management Plan (Tourism Development Plan) Traditional drug therapies from various medicinal plants of Central Karakorum National Park, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan Status of Flora in Chingi Forest Preserves Status of Himalayan Lynx in District Chitral, NWFP, Pakistan Changes in the Avifauna of the wetlands of District Sangar, Ishtiaq Hussain, Asghari Bano and Faizan Ullah M. Naeem, S. Babar, A. Rao and M. Y. Ashraf J.U. Din and M. A. Nawaz M. Rais, D.Abbas, M.Z. Khan, I.S. Khan, S. A. Ghalib,
Central Karakorum National Park Central Karakorum National Park Central Karakorum National Park
Species Management Plan Tourism Management Plan Ethnobotany
2009
Unpublished technical Report Unpublished technical Report Pakistan Journal of Botany
Management Plan
83
2009
Tourism Plan
84
2011
Ethnobotany
85
Chinji National Park
Phytoecology
2000
Pak. J. Biological Sciences The Journal of Animal and Plant Sceinces
Phytoecology
86
Chitral Gol National Park Unspecified Wetlands
Conservation studies Avian ecology
2010
87
2008
Avian ecology
29
P.No.
Title of paper Sindh, Pakistan
Author(s) F. Tabassum, G.Akbar and R.Nawaz Anon.
Name of PA
Type of study
Year of publication
Publisher
Comments
88
Detailed Ecological Assessment of Fauna including Limnological Studies at Chotiari Reservoir Study on some median-sized and larg mammals of Chotiari Wetlands Complex, Sangar, Sindh, Pakistan Diversity and Ecology of spiders of the Deosai Plateau, Northern Areas, Pakistan Floristic studies of Chitral: Threatened Plants and Conservation Strategies Study the core, feeding and breeding areas of the key birdlife species in Utter and HandrapShandoor lakes Diet of Chiltan wild goat Capra aegagrus chiltanensis in
Chotiari Reservoir Wetlands Complex
Bioecological assessment of Fauna and Limnology Checklist of Mammals
2008
Unpublished
Fauna and Limnology
89
M. Rais, M. Z.Khan, D.Abbass, G, Akbar O.B. Kok, L.N. Lotz and C.R. Haddad
Chotiari Reservoir Wetlands Complex
2010
J. Basic and Applied Sci.
Mammals
90
Deosai National Park
Bioecology of Arthropods (Spiders) Taxonomy Floristic studies Ph.D. Thesis
2004
Pak. J. Bio. Sci
Arthropods (Spiders)
91
Haidar Ali
Chitral Gol National Park
2010
Department of Botany, University of Karachi WWF-Pakistan
Taxonomic studies but not confined to CGNP, rather the whole of Chitral Avi-Fauna
92
Anon.
Handrap-Shandoor National Park
Avian ecology
2010
93
S.B. Lathiya, G.D.Achkzai, A.
Hazargangi Chiltan
Bioecology
2007
Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied
Phytosociology
30
P.No.
Title of paper Hazargangi Chiltan National Park
Author(s) Pervez Rahmatullah Qureshi S.A. Ghalib, A.Jabbar, J.Wind, A.Zehra and D.Abbas M. Z. Khan, S.A. Ghalib, a. Zehra and B. Hussain Anon. M. Z. Khan, A.Zehra, S.A Ghalib, S. Siddiqui nad N.Hussain Anon.
Name of PA National Park Hingol National Park Hingol National Park
Type of study
Year of publication
Publisher Sciences
Comments
94 95
Medicinal Flora of Hingol National Park Baluchistan, Pakistan Avifauna of Hingol National Park, Bakluchistan, Pakistan
Medicinal plants Avian ecology
2012 2008
Pak. J. Bot. Pak. J. Zoology
Medicinal Flora Avifauna
96
Bioecology and conservation of birds of Avifauna if Hingol National Park, Baluchistan, Pakistan Boundary delineation of Hingol National Park Vertebrate biodiversity and key mammalian species status of Hingol National Park Karambar Lake Wetland
Hingol National Park
Avian Ecology
2010
J. Basic and Appl. Sci.
Ecology of Birds
97 98
Hingol National Park Hingol National Park
Map Conservation studies
2009 2010
Unpublished map SENRA Academy Publishers, Burnaby, British Columbia Unpublished Technical Report WWF-Pakistan Unpublished Technical Report WWF-Pakistan
Map Conservation Studies
99
Hindrup Karambar National Park Deosai National Park
Conservation studies Socio-economic
2005
Conservation Studies
100
Report on Socio-economic Anon. baseline studies for Sheosar Lake Deosai National Park
2010
Socio-economic
31
P.No. 101
Title of paper Detailed Ecological Assessment of Fauna, including Limnology Studies at Kheenjhar Lake Eco Tourism Promotion Strategy Khunjerab National Park Guide Book to Flora of Khunjerab National Park Boundary Delineation of Khunjerab National Park A survey of large mammals at Shimshal-Pamir lakes Khunjerab National Park, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan A survey of Reptiles at ShimshalPamir lakes Khunjerab National Park, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan A survey of Birds at ShimshalPamir lakes Khunjerab National Park, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan Ethnobotanical Study of Khunjerab National Park
Author(s) Anon.
Name of PA Kheenjhar Lake
Type of study Bioecological assessment of Fauna Eco-Tourism
Publisher Unpublished Technical Report WWF-Pakistan Unpublished Technical Report WWF-Pakistan Book Unpublished Map Unpublished Technical Report WWF-Pakistan Unpublished Technical Report WWF-Pakistan Unpublished Technical Report WWF-Pakistan Unpublished Technical Report WWF-Pakistan
Comments Ecological
102
M. Ali Imam
Khunjerab National Park Khunjerab National Park Khunjerab National Park Khunjerab National Park
2007
Eco-Tourism
103 104 105
Zafeer Saqib Anon. Waseem Ahmad Khan
Floral guide Map Mammalian Fauna
2010 2009 2009
Flora Map Mammalian Fauna
106
Waseem Ahmad Khan and S.M.S. Fakhri Waseem Ahmad Khan and S.M.S. Fakhri Sajjad Haider and Ghulam Mustufa
Khunjerab National Park Khunjerab National Park Khunjerab National Park
Reptiles study
2009
Avian study
107
Reptiles study
2009
Reptiles study
108
Ethnobotanical Study
2009
Ethnobotanical studies
32
P.No. 109
Title of paper Desert vegetation and vegetation environment relationship in Kirthar National Park, Sindh, Pakistan Ethnobotanical studies of Mahal Kohistan (Kirthar National Park) Plant Biodiversity and Phytosocioloycal Attributes of Gorak Hill Kirthar National Park Plant Biodiversity and Phytosociological Attributes of Dureji (Kirthar National Park) Plant Biodiversity and Phytosociological Attributes of Tiko Baran (Kirthar National Park) Kirthar National Park Baseline Environmental Study: Flora Survey Kirthar National Park Baseline Environmental Study: Fauna Survey
Author(s) N. J. Enright, B.P. Miller and R. Akhter A.Q. Panhwar and H.Abro A.Perveen and M.I.Hussain A.Perveen, G.R. Sarwar and M.I.Hussain A.Perveen and M.I.Hussain Enright, N.J. and Miller, B.P.
Name of PA Kirthar National Park
Type of study Phytoecology
Publisher J. Arid Envir.
Comments Phytoecology
110 111
Kirthar National Park Kirthar National Park Kirthar National Park Kirthar National Park Kirthar National Park
Ethnobotanical Studies Phytoecology
2007 2007
Pak. J. Bot Pak. J. Bot
Ethnobotanical Studies Phytoecology
112
Phytoecology
2008
Pak. J. Bot
Phytoecology
113
Phytoecology
2009
Pak. J. Bot
Phytoecology
114
Floral Survey
2000
Unpublished Technical Report. The University of Melbourne Unpublished Technical Report. The University of Melbourne
Flora Survey
115
Morgan, D.G. and Harrington, R.
Kirthar National Park
Floral and Fauna Survey
2000
Flora and Fauna Survey
33
P.No. 116 117
Title of paper Food of Black Francolin in Lal Suhanra National Park, Pakistan Diversity of Plant Species in Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur, Pakistan Studies on the comparative ecology of the South Persian Black Partridge and the Northern Grey Partridge in Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Author(s) W.A.Khan and A. Mian M.Hameed, A.A. Chaudhry, M. A. Maan and A.H.Gill Waseem Ahmad Khan
Name of PA Lal Suhanra National Park Lal Suhanra National Park Lal Suhanra National Park
Type of study Avian ecology Phytoecology
Year of publication 2011 2002
Publisher Pak. J. Zoo. Online J. Bio. Sci.
Comments Ecology Phytoecology
118
Phytoecology
2010
PhD. Thesis, Department of Zoology, PMAS AA University Rawalpindi, Pakistan Map Zoological Research
Ecological
119 120
Boundary Delineation of Machiara Anon. National Park Habitat utilization and feeding biology of Himalayan Grey Langur (Semnopithecus entellus ajex) in Machiara National Park, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan Application of GIS/RS for Management Zoning of Margallah Hills National Park, Islamabad Evaluating deforestation using Landsat TM and Spot XS data in dry sub-tropical forest of Margalla R.A. Minhas, M.B. Ahmed, M. S. Awan and Naeem Iftikhar Dar S.M. Zafar, M.A. Baig and M. Irfan
Machiara National Park Machiara National Park
Map Feeding Biology
2008 2010
Map Feeding Biology
121
Margallah Hills National Park
Geography
2011
2nd International Conference on Environmental Sci. and Tech. Geoinformation for European-wide
GIS and RS, Management
122
R.N. Milk and S.Z. Husain
Geography
2003
GIS and RS, Forest Management
34
P.No.
Title of paper Hills National Park
Author(s)
Name of PA
Type of study
Year of publication
Publisher Integration
Comments
123
Indigenous uses of economically important flora of Margallah Hills National Park, Islamabad, Pakistan Boundary Delineation of Margallah National Park Snakes of Margallah Hills National Park Conservation of Pheasants in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan Detailed Ecological Assessment of Fauna, Including Limonological Studies at Keti Bunder Ecology, Genetics and Conservation of Himalayan Brown Bears
A.Jabeen, M.A. Khan, M.Ahmad, M. Zafar and Farooq Ahmad Anon. Z.B. Mirza Iftikhar uz Zamana
Ethnobotany
2009
African Journal of Biotechnology
Ethnobotany
124 125 126
Margallah Hills National Park Margallah Hills National Park NWFP
Map Identification guide, Taxonomic M.Sc. Forestry thesis Bioecology
2009 2008 2008
WWF-Pakistan Himalayan Wildlife Foundation The University of Mantana Missoula, MT Unpublished Report WWF-Pakistan Unpublished Thesis, Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences Pak. J. Bot
Map Identification guide Pheasant diversity research Ecology
127
Anon.
Keti Bunder Wetland Complex Deosai National Park
2008
128
Muhammad Ali Nawaz
2008
129
Floristic inventory of Pai Forest
Rahmatullah Qureshi and G.R.
Pai Game Reserve
Floristic Inventory
2010
Floristic Invemtory
35
P.No.
Title of paper Nawab Shah, Sindh, Pakistan
Author(s) Bhatti Anon.
Name of PA
Type of study
Year of publication
Publisher
Comments
130
Datailed Ecological Assessment of Fauna, Including Limnology Studies at Pai Forest A plant guide to National Khirthar Park and adjoining areas. Comparative avian faunal diversity of Jiwani coastal wetlands and Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary, Pakistan
Pai Game Reserve
Bioecological Studies Identification guide, Taxonomic Avian ecology
2008
Unpublished Technical Report PremierKufpec, Pakistan B.v. pp. 263. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
Ecological Report
131
Akhtar, R.
Kirthar National Park Jiwani coastal wetlands and Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary
2003.
Identification guide book Avian diversity
132
Z. Ali, F. Bibi, S. Y. Shelly, A. Qazi and A. M. Khan.
2011
36
Table 6. Categorization of research articles. Total number of publications Higher Plants Lower plants Mammals Birds Amphibians Reptiles Fishes Insects
132
73
35
28
13
15
Table 7. Categorization of research articles regarding type of publication. Total number of publications Peer reviewed journal articles Unpublished technical reports Unpublished thesis Conference proceedings Maps Books Management studies
132
72
33
Table 8. Categorization of research articles regarding the field of study. Plantecology 29 Ecology 18 Ethnobotany 10 Management plans 8 Checklists 7 Conservation studies 7 Flora / Fauna (taxonomy) 7 Avian Ecology 6 Sociological studies 5 Misc. 34
37
Table 9. List of Protected Areas mentioning report of number of taxa in various classes. S.No PAs ANP (50) ANP (51) ANP (54) ANP (61) ANP (65) ANP (70) CGNP (47) CKNP (77) CKNP (78) CKNP (78) CKNP (79) CKNP (80) CKNP (83) DNP (100) DNP (19) DNP (32) Higher Plants Lower plants Mammals Birds Amphibians Reptiles Fishes Insects -
38
S.No
PAs DNP (90) HNP (97) KNP (102) KNP (104) KNP (106) KNP (76) MHNP (121) MHNP (122) MHNP (124) MHNP (125) MNP (119) MNP (33) ANP (60) ANP (57) CGNP (40) ANP (58) KNP (109)
Higher Plants 6 9 18 21 23
Lower plants -
Mammals -
Birds --
Amphibians -
Reptiles 9 -
Fishes -
Insects 23 -
39
S.No
PAs CKNP (8) ANP (59) CGNP (37) CGNP (86) LSNP (116) CKNP (81) AANP (62) LBWP (1) DA (36) CNP (85) HNP (94) MHNP (28) ANP (56) Kirt NP (73) HCNP (23) HCNP (24) KNP (108)
Higher Plants 25 26 30 31 33 34 35 35 36 38 39 40 43 45 46 46 46
Lower plants -
Mammals -
Birds -
Amphibians -
Reptiles -
Fishes -
Insects 11 -
40
S.No
PAs CKNP (84) CGNP (48) MNP (120) CGNP (45) Kirt NP (110) MHNP (29) ANP (72) LSNP (30) SPLWC (17) ANP (69) CRWC (6) MNP (35) CGNP (46) Kirt NP (113) Kirt NP (111) AANP (63) AANP (64)
Higher Plants 47 48 49 50 50 50 51 56 58 59 66 69 70 70 72 75 75
Lower plants -
Mammals -
Birds
Amphibians -
Reptiles -
Fishes -
Insects -
41
S.No
PAs DNP (21) LSNP (117) Kirt NP (112) CGNP (38) PGR (129) KNP (103) QNP (7) DNP (20) CSWS (49) CRWC (5) CYWC (3) ANP (55) MNP (34) HNP (13) MHNP (123) CGNP (91) Kirt NP (109)
Higher Plants 77 78 79 80 93 105 108 114 116 120 120 132 202 230 245 450 466
Lower plants -
Mammals -
Birds -
Amphibians -
Reptiles -
Fishes --
Insects -
42
S.No
PAs Kirt NP (114) DNP (13) Kirt NP (131) ANP (53) MHNP (32) ANP (66) ANP (67) CGNP (39) CGNP (41) CGNP (42) CGNP (43) CGNP (44) CGNP (87) MNP (11) MNP(12) PLNP (26) HCNP (93)
Higher Plants 475 584 466 16
Lower plants 3 8 17 -
Mammals 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Birds -
Amphibians -
Reptiles -
Fishes -
Insects -
43
S.No
PAs DNP (128) DGR (9) CKNP (82) CRWC (89) KNP (105) LSNP (118) ANP (126) ANP (71) HSNP (99) KNP (22) KLWC (101) KNP (107) CYWC (4) BBGR (16) JWCTBWS (132) DNP (18) SWC (87)
Higher Plants 112 102 35 62 37 460 -
Lower plants 155 -
Mammals 1 2 9 33 35 10 25 26 17 15 28 -
Birds 2 5 8 35 46 51 56 58 86 109 109 136
Amphibians -
Reptiles 2 17 -
Fishes 55 -
Insects -
44
S.No
PAs HNP (14) HNP (96) HNP (95) HSNP (92) HNP (98) CRWC (10) ANP (52) Kirt NP (115) MHNP (27) ANP (68) MHNP (25) MHNP (31) KBWC (127) CRWC (88) CRWC (2) CKNP (74) CKNP (75)
Higher Plants 757 116 406 336 213 45 45
Lower plants 14 85 359 -
Mammals 16 32 31 36 15 22 25 47 33 35 33 33
Birds 158 158 205 230 165 136 203 203 65 154 296 22 109 80 90 90
Amphibians 2 3 3 3 4 4 9 9 23 28 58 90 90
Reptiles -32 16 34 16 4 32 9 22 58 8 80 80
Fishes 14 6 37 47 47 17 17
Insects 650 4 -
45
Chapter 4. Conclusion
There is a deficiency of taxonomists not only in the country but at the global level as well, and there is also a shortage of trained curators, this has direct impact on the accurate identification and documentation of our biodiversity and thereafter, their sustainable utilization. According to our findings there are only four studies mentioning the insect diversity (Table 5). This has concluded that the insect taxonomy is still to be documented in all the PAs of the country. It is widely accepted that Protected Areas are comparatively less affected by Anthropogenic activities therefore, the biodiversity is considered to be much higher than the surrounding areas. On the other hand biodiversity of most of PAs (especially the newly designated PAs) are yet to be explored and documented, hence there is possibility of finding new taxa. A crash program is required to have sufficient trained manpower involved (taxonomists and ecologists) to obtain a scientifically accurate data regarding all the biodiversity of PAs. All conservation strategies should be species specific and based on authentically identification and scientifically correct ecological information. Fauna of the country should be accumulated in a consolidated form, (online searchable database is a better option) the unpublished parts should be focused first. Followed by intrinsic studies in all the PAs of the country by specialized taxonomists, because we have very little information regarding the Fauna of all the Protected Areas of the country. We do have Zoological Survey Department, similarly Pakistan Journal of Zoology is published by Zoological Society of Pakistan but the information regarding Fauna of PAs is sporadic and there is still a lot of specialized taxonomist work which is yet to be published.
Chapter 5. Recommendations
We do have very good Herbariums and Museums in the country but none of these are specialized for PAs and it is very hard to compile a list of taxa of all the PAs of the country. It is therefore, recommended that IUCN based Protected Areas Herbarium and Museum should be developed, based on collections from all the protected areas of the country and it should be used for future taxonomic studies. Photographs of all the specimens kept in Herbarium and Museum should be made online for free access to all the taxonomists in the country. A consolidated, centralized national database system of all the living Flora and Fauna of all the PAs should be developed. This online centralized database system should accumulate data regarding the population size and geographic distribution, for the centralized inventorying and monitoring of all the taxa living in all the Protected Areas of the country. Data should be entered into this online centralized database system from multiple authorized points i.e. protected areas (Figure 3). Images of all the taxa living in PAs should also be made available in this online taxanomic database. Geographic distribution of all these taxa should also be given in the database. Similarly, extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, and interpretation of fluctuation should also be focused in the database. For Identification not only morphological data but DNA barcodes should also be developed, similarly DNA Barcode library should also be developed in this connection. Similarly, we do have seed bank at the country level, but again it is very hard to compile a list of the seeds of PAs out of all the seeds available in the seed bank. It is therefore, recommended that a separate seed bank should be developed at a higher altitude and colder protected area of the country, where less energy will be required for keeping the seeds viable. This should be based on the collections particularly from the protected areas of the country.
A Network of Databases and Institutions throughout the country
Collection
Compilation
Dissemination
Updating
Publishing
Figure 3. Flow chart of the data manipulation of the Protected Areas Centralized Database.
47
Developing Institutional Mechanisms Taxonomy should be started as a subject in institutions, based on the job market already enhanced in the academic institutions, research institutions and management of PAs. Significant species focused awareness drives should be organized in various focused areas (particularly PAs) throughout the country. Workshops regarding the Modern Trends in Taxonomy should be organized by major academic institutions in the country for uplifting the taxonomic capacities of the university and colleges teachers. Similarly teachers taxonomy training courses should be organized in this connection. The taxonomists should be attracted to the assessment of Biodiversity in Protected Areas by offering them with handsome packages otherwise they would be attracted by industrialized countries. As a result good taxonomists would be drained out of the country and a gap would be created in the authentic identification and sustainable utilization of our biodiversity. Some selected universities/ institutions may be identified and given the task to organize and promote Wildlife Education through workshops or special courses. It has never been mentioned in any of the published or unpublished literature, studied so far for finalizing this report, that the voucher specimens are collected and cited in the publication, and they are submitted to any Herbaria or Museum as a proof / reference of their study and for future taxonomic studies. It is therefore, recommended that citation of specimens should be considered as mandatory for the publication of any biodiversity based publication. There is dire need of conducting detailed taxonomic studies of Flora and Fauna in all the Protected Areas of the country. The specimens should be properly collected, brought to the Herbarium or Museum for detailed taxonomic studies, authentically identified, preserved and deposited for future taxonomic studies in future.
48
Chapter 7. Draft plan of action

For building the capacities for assessment of plant biological diversity at different levels it is necessary to uplift the taxonomic capabilities of the students and teachers of biology at schools, colleges and universities level. For this purpose special courses will be arranged containing the various species concepts, identification keys and botanical latin etc. Similarly, plant collection, mounting, preservation and identification techniques will also be taught at various levels. For this purpose biology teachers will be trained first, because according to our observations during the study period, the taxonomic capabilities of the teachers even at the universities level were embarrassing. Highly specialized and basic taxonomic courses will also be included in the syllabi of wildlife and forest students, because they are the future managers of the biodiversity especially in PAs. In the third step, these trained teachers and students will be facilitated to organize seminars, debates and workshops for raising awareness regarding the importance of biodiversity, its correct identification, and sustainable utilization, among the local community which are directly and or indirectly depending on the biological resources of the PAs in Pakistan. In next step, the highly specialized taxonomists will be given the assignment of authentically identifying the biodiversity of PAs. As a result all the biodiversity of PAs will be authentically identified and documented. Next step comprises of the centralized database designing, implementation and incorporation of the already accumulated taxonomic data. The centralized database will be disseminated and made freely available online especially to all the stakeholders. This database will be updated regularly as soon as the new data are made available.
49
Chapter 6. References cited
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Hasan, H. and M.R. Qureshi. 1967. A field key to the identification of fishes: Order Perciformes, family Leiognathidae. Agric. Pak. 13(3): 361-375. Hasan, M. 2001. Birds of The Indus. Oxford University Press, Karachi, 346 pages. Hassan, H. and M.R. Qureshi. 1967. A field key to the identification of fishes order Perciformes, Family Leiognathidae. Agriculture Pakistan. 18(3): 361-375. Howes, J. and Backwell, D. 1989. Shorebird studies Manual. AWB Publications No. 55, Kuala Lumpur. Hussain, F., A. R. Saljoqi and I. Ilahi. 1992. Phytosociology of the Vanishing Subtropical Vegetation of Swat with special reference to Docut Hills II: Spring Aspect. In: Sarhad Jouranal of Agriculture 8 (2): 185-191. Inam-ur-Rahim, M. 2005. Range management baseline study in Chitral Gol National Park NWFP Pakistan. pp. 137. ITIS, Retrieved [June 27, 2012], from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System on-line database, http://www.itis.gov/ IUCN, 1994. Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories. IUCN, 1996. IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. IUCN. 1988. IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. Jamali, S. H. 1998. The conservation of biodiversity in the Himalayan region of Pakistan (Country report). In: Report on the International Meeting on Ecoregional Co-operation for Biodiversity Conservation in the Himalaya. New York: UNDP. Khan, A.A. 1974. Report on the Wildlife of Chitral. Peshawar: NWFP Forest Department. Khan, B. A. 1970. Wildlife of Gilgit and Balstistan. In: Pak. Jour. of For. 20 (4): 351-359. Khan, M. S. 1980. Affinities and zoogeography of herpetiles of Pakistan. Biologia 25: 35-50. Khan, M. S. 1999. Herpetology of habitat types of Pakistan. Pak. J. Zool. 31 (3): 275-290 Khan, M. S. 2006. Amphibians and Reptiles of Pakistar. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. Khan, M. S. and R. Tasnim. 1989. A new frog of the genus Ralra, subgenus Paa, from southwestern Azad Kashmir. I. Herpetol.23i 419423. Khan, M.S. 1993. A checklist and key to the gekkonid lizards of Pakistan. Hamadryad 18: 35-41. Khan, M.S. 2006. Amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. pp 311. Khan, M.S. and Baig, K.J. 1988. Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of district Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan. The Snake, 20: 156-161. Khan, W.A. 2012. National Parks in Pakistan. Wildlife of Pakistan 1(1): 11-13.
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Nasir, Y. J. and Rafiq, R. A. 1995. Wildflowers of Pakistan. In: T. J. Roberts (ed). Oxford University Press. 298 pp. Neal, J. Enright and Ben P. Miller. 2007. Livestock Grazing Impacts on Desert Vegetation, Khirthar National Park, Pakistan Rangeland Ecology & Management. 60(6): 680-684. DOI: 10.2111/06-143R1.1 Oldfield, S., C. Lusty and A. Mackinven, 1998. IUCN World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press. Pei, S. (ed). Kathmandu, Nepal: ICIMOD. Prance, G.T., H. Beetje, J. Dransfield and R. Johns. 2000. The tropical flora remains under collected. Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden, 87, 67-71. Rechinger, K.H., 1975-2001. Flora Iranica. Naturhist. Museum, Graz. Roberts, T. J. 1991. The Birds of Pakistan. vols. 1 Oxford University Press, Karachi. 488-90.. Roberts, T. J. 1992. The Birds of Pakistan. vols 2. Oxford University Press, Karachi. 31-70 Roberts, T. J. 1997. The Mammals of Pakistan. London and Tonbridge: Ernest Benn Limited. Saeed, S.A. and Quratulann, 2011. Vegetation classification in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan using ordination methods. Pak. J. Bot. 43(5):2315-2321. Saeed, U. 2008. Boundary delineation of Ayubia National Park. Boundary demarcation and renotification of protected areas project. GIS Laboratory, WWF-Pakistan, Lahore. Schaller, G.B., 1976. Mountain Mammals of Pakistan. In: Oryx 13 (4): 351-356. Shafique, C.M. 2003. Some aspects of Bio-ecology of Ayubia National Park, NWFP-Pakistan. PhD. Thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Karachi. Shah, A. A. 2001. Interplay of local communities and biodiversity in Ayubia National Park. In Z. K. Shinwari & A. A. Khan (Eds.), Proceedings of workshop on ethnobotany applied to participatory forest management in Pakistan (pp. 77-83). WWF Pakistan. Shah, M. and Wilcock, C. C. 1997. Taxonomic evaluation, diversity and distribution pattern of the genus Potentilla L. (Rosaceae) in Pakistan and Kashmir. In: Mufti, S. A., C. A. Woods and S. A. Hasan (eds). Biodiversity of Pakistan. pp. 145-157. Shah, M., Ahmed, S., Bano, F., and Nakaike, T. 1994. The genus Sibbaldia in N. Pakistan Bull. Natn. Sc. Mus. 20 (1): 34-35. Shah, M., Shinwari, Z. K., Leghari, M. K., and Nakaika, T. 1992. Centres of diversity of the genus Potentilla (Rosaceae). Bull. Natn. Sc. Mus. 18 (3): 117-122. Sheraz, U.B. 2000. Ensuring sustainable management of Central Karakorum Conservation Complex: Building upon the experiences of HKKH Partnership Project. Unpublished Technical Report. Shinwari, Z. K and Malik, S. 1989. Plant Wealth of Dera Bugti Area. In: Progressive Farming 9(1): 39-42.
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Somuncu, M., I.A. Khan and L.A. Waseem. 2009. Review of Protected Areas system in Pakistan: Present status and problems concerning future development. Ankara University Journal of Environmental Science 1(2): 4-15. Stewart, R. R. 1972. An annotated catalogue of vascular plants of West-Pakistan and Kashmir. Karachi: Fakhri Printing Press. Uetz, P. (ed.), Retrieved [June 27, 2012], The Reptile Database, http://www.reptile-database.org. The J Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) and The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), Rockville MD, USA. http://www.reptile-database.org/ UNEP-WCMC. 2001. GEO3 Protected Areas Snapshot. United Nations Environment Programme-World Conservation Monitoring Centre http://valhalla.unep-wcmc.org/wdbpa/GEO3.cfm Whale, R. 1996. Pheasant survey in Ayubia National Park. Wildlife Department, Abbottabad, Pakistan. Whale, R., Zaman, W., Zeb, U., Alam, M., & Rehman, S. 1996. Ayubia National Park survey and staff training. Wildlife Department, Abbottabad, Pakistan. Woods, C. A., Kilpatric, C. W., Rafique, M. Shah, M., and Khan, W. 1997. Biodiversity and Conservation of Deosai Plateau Northern Areas, Pakistan. In: Mufti, S. A., C. A. Woods and S. A. Hasan (eds). Biodiversity of Pakistan: 3361. WWF-Pakistan. 2007. Preliminary study to know Leopard population in and around Ayubia National Park. Unpublished WWF-Scientific Committee Technical Report. WWF-Pakistan. 2010. Study the core, feeding and breeding areas of the key birdlife species in Utter and HandrapShandoor lakes. Unpublished Technical Report. WWF-Pakistan.
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Appendix 1. IUCN Protected Area Management Categories. I. Strict Nature Reserve/Wilderness Area: Areas of land and/or sea possessing outstanding or representative ecosystems, geological physiological features and/or species, available primarily for scientific research and/or environmental monitoring; or large areas of unmodified or slightly modified land, and/or sea, retaining their natural character and influence, without permanent or significant habitation, which are protected and managed so as to preserve their natural condition. II. National Park: Protected Areas Managed Mainly for Ecosystem Conservation and Recreation. Natural areas of land and/or sea, designated to (a) protect the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for this and future generations, (b) exclude exploitation or occupation inimical to the purposes of designation of the area and (c) provide a foundation for spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities, all of which must be environmentally and culturally compatible. III. Natural Monument: Protected Areas Managed Mainly for Conservation of Special Features. Areas containing one or more specific natural or natural/ cultural features which is of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative or aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. IV. Habitat/Species Management Area: Protected Areas Managed Mainly for Conservation through Management Intervention. Areas of land and/ or sea subject to active intervention for management purposes to ensure the maintenance of habitats and/ or to meet the requirements of specific species. V. Protected Landscape / Seascape: Protected Areas Managed Mainly for Landscape/ Seascape conservation and recreation. Areas of land, with coast and sea as appropriate, where the impaction of people and nature over time has produced an area of distinct character with significant aesthetic, cultural and/ or ecological value, and often with high biological diversity. Safeguarding the integrity of this traditional interaction is vital to the protection, maintenance and evolution of such an area. VI. Managed Resource Protected Area Protected Areas Managed Mainly for the Sustainable Use of Natural Ecosystems. Areas containing predominantly unmodified natural systems managed to ensure long-term protection and maintenance of biological diversity, while providing at the same time a sustainable flow of natural products and services to meet community needs.
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IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature Islamabad Programme Office No. 21, Street 88, G-6/3, Islamabad, Pakistan. Tel +92 51 2271027-34
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Report (Second Draft) ASSESSMENT OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS TAXONOMIC STATUS AND GAPS IN PROTECTED AREAS OF PAKISTAN

Dr. Haidar Ali

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature

Abbreviations of names of Protected Areas of Pakistan used in the report:

Name of National Park

Chapter 5. Recommendations Chapter 6. References cited

Chapter 1. Background and Introduction to the Study

Chapter 2. Research Methodology and Tools/Instruments

Chapter 3. Findings / Gaps

Table 2. Floras available at the time of creation of Pakistan.

Year 1872-1894 1867-1884 1928 1936

Flora of Indus Delta

50,000 12,000 20,000 40,000 120,000

1918 1920 1947 1952 1953

Checklist of Flora and Fauna

Ecological Baseline Survey of Chhach and Yari Wari Wetlands

Wetlands complex (unclassified)

Checklist of Flora and Fauna

Saadul Islam and Sakina Nazi Memon

Wetlands complex (unclassified)

Chotiary wetland complex (Unclassified)

Checklist of Flowering plants

Very good identification

Rahmatullah Qureshi, Waseem Ahmad Khan and Babar Khan

Chotiary wetland complex (Unclassified) Hindrup Karamabar National Park

Pakistan Journal of Botany

Pakistan Journal of Botany

Cenral Karakorum National Park

World Applied Science Journal

Duregi Game Reserve

Unpublished Technical report

Chotiary wetland complex (Unclassified)

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

Only species richness is focused

Predicting the patterns, perceptions and causes of

Only Human carnivore

Comments conflict is focused

Machiara National Park

Social organization and reproductive biology

Pakistan Journal Zoology

Social organization and reproductive biology

The Flora of the Deosai Plains

Deosai National Park Hingol National Park

Flora of higher plants

Pakistan Journal of Forestry Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Bioecology and conservation of the birds of Hingol National Park, Balochistan

M. Zaheer, Syed Ali Ghalib, Afsheen Zehra and Babar Hussain

Bioecology of Birds 2010

Hingol National Park Border Belt Game Reserve Wetland (Unclassified)

Phytoecology Mammals and Birds Phytoecology

Title of paper Pamir lakes Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Deosai National Park Deosai National Park Deosai National Park

Flora, Birds and Mammals Socio-economic Phytoecology

Deosai National Park

Taxonomy of grasses and sedges

Khunjerab National Park

Checklist of flora and fauna

Flora and Fauna

Type of study Phytoecology

Year of publication 1987