Exercise 1.

Haytham found a plant that had leaves with some green areas and some white areas. Leaves like this are
called Variegated leaves.

He decided to test one of the leaves for starch. He made this prediction;

The green part of the leaf will contain starch, but the white part will not.

1.What is the substance that makes leaves green?

2.Explain why Haytham’s prediction is likely to be correct.

3.First, Haytham put the leaf into boiling water, and left it there for 5minutes. Explain why he did this.

Exercise1.6 Flower and reproduction

Complete the sentences below using the word from the list. You may use each word once, more than
one or not at all.

anthers embryo gametes nectar

organs ovule petals scent

seed stigma style tissues

Flower are…….. That are evolved in sexual reproduction. Many flowers have both male and female parts.

The male parts of the flower are the ……. , where pollen grains are produced. The pollen grain contain
the male…….

The stigma, style and ovaries are the female part of the flower. Each ovary contains the least one ……..,
which contains

the female gametes. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the …….. to a ………. This is often
done by insects,

which are attached to the flower by its brightly colored …….. or by its …….... The flower often produces a
sugary fluid called
……….., which insects like to eat. As the insects push into the flower to get this sweet fluid, they
accidentally pick up pollen

grains from the………. When they visit another flower, they may rub some of the pollen onto the……… .

After pollination, a tube grows out of a pollen grain. The tube grow down, through the ……… , to an
ovule. The male ………..

travel down the tube. When a male gamete fuse with a female gamete inside an …….. , a zygote is
produced. The zygote

Eventually becomes an ………. . The ovule becomes a …….. .

Exercise 1.7 Cross Word

Worksheet 1.2A Different kinds of fertilizer

Six farmers in village in Nigeria grow maize. They went to find out if adding fertilizer to their fields would
increase the yield of maize.

They decided to try out two kinds of fertilizer;

. Fertilizer bought in bags

. Manure from the cattle that they keep

1.The letters N, P and K show three of the elements that are contained in the fertilizer.

Name these element.

2. Name a mineral that contains nitrogen and can be used by plant.

Worksheet 1.3 Water movement through plants

1.The diagram shows a root hair cell.

A, On the diagram, use label lines to label each of these parts of the cell;

cell wall cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus vacuole

B, Which part of the cell controls what enters and leaves the cell?

C, Which part of the cell contains chromosomes?

2. Root hair cells absorb water and minerals salts from the soil. Explain how the shape of a root hair cell
helps it

to do this quickly.

3. Explain why root hair cells do not contain chloroplasts.

4.After the root hair cells have absorbed water and mineral salts, these substance move to the center of
the root.

They go into tubes made of empty, dead cells joined end to end.

These tubes carry the water and mineral salts all the way up to the top of the plant.

What is the name of these tubes?............................................

5.When the water gets to the top of the plant, some of it is used for photosynthesis.

Write the word equation for photosynthesis.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6.Most of the water is not used for photosynthesis. It evaporates from the cell in the leaf,

into the air spaces inside the leaf.

Explain what is mean by the word evaporates.

7.Water vapour diffuses out of the leaf into the air.

What is the name of the tiny holes through the water vapour diffuses?

Worksheet 1.6 Comparing sexual reproduction in humans and flowering plants

Both humans and flowering plants reproduce sexually. You are going to think about how these process
are similar

to each other in the two kind of organisms, and how they differ.

1.Explain what is mean by each of the following terms;

gamete ………………………………………………

fertilization ………………………………………………

zygote ……………………………………………...
Microorganism
Exercise 2.3 Investigating leaf decay

Tom knew that microorganism cause dead leaves to decay. He predicted that bigger organisms, such as
earthworms and other tiny animals in the soil, might also help to make the leaves decay.

In June, Tom made two identical small bags out of nets with different sized mesh.

Next, Tom collected some dead leaves. He carefully cut rectangles measuring 1cm 2cm from the leaves.

He put 50 leaf rectangles into each bag.

Tom buried the bags close to each other in the soil in his garden.

Every two months, he dug up the bags. He measured how much of the leaves had disappeared from
each bag.
1.Tom decided that one of his result was wrong. He must have made a mistake when he was making his
measurements.

Which result was wrong?

2.In which bag did the largest area of leaves disappear during Tom’s experiment?

3.Which organism could reach the leaves in this bag?

4.Tom decided that his prediction was correct. Explain the evidence that he had for this decision.

Exercise 2.5 Food Poisoning in japan

Food poisoning happens when you eat food that contain large number of harmful bacteria.

Three type of bacteria that cause food poisoning are called Camptlabacteria, Salmomella and Vibrio.

The bar chart shows the numbers of cases of food poisoning caused by these three kinds of bacteria in
Japan

in 1991 and in 2008.

Use the bar chart to answer these questions.

1.Which bacterium caused the most cases of food poisoning in 1991?

2.How many case of food poisoning did Salmonella cause in 1991?

3.How did the importance of food poisoning by Campylobacter change between 1991 and 2008?

4.In Japan, many cases of food poisoning are caused by people eating undercooked chicken.

Explain why cooking chicken thoroughly could prevent food poisoning.

Exercise 2.7 Comparing plant cells and animal cells
Complete the table to show which structures are found in plant cells and animal cells.
Characteristic of living organisms

Find the words with each of these meanings.

a Being able to sense and respond to stimuli. ……………………………………………………………

b A chemical reaction that take place in all living cells , …………………………………………………………….

releasing energy from food.

c Changing the position or shape of part of the body. ……………………………………………………………

d Getting rid of waste products from the chemical reaction ……………………………………………………………

taking place inside body cells.

e Taking in nutrients that are needed to keep the organism ………………………………………………………………

alive.

F Making new living organisms. …………………………………………………………….

G A permanent increase in size. ……………………………………………………………

Exercise 1.2 Human organ systems

For each of the functions listed, write the name of the organ system that has this function. Choose from;

respiratory system nervous system

circulatory system digestive system

Exercise1.3 Breaking bones

Most of our bones are very strong. They do not break easily. But very strong force on a bone can make it
snap.

The bar chat below shows information about the bones broken in a country in Europe in one year. It
shows which bones in

the arms and shoulder were broken most often in people under 18 year of age.
Use the bar chart to answer these questions.

1.Which bone were broken most often?

2. For boys, How many times was a humerus broken during the year?

3.How many more times did a boy break his radius or ulna than his humerus?

Show how you worked out your answer.

4.How many time did girl break a bone in a part of the arm below the elbow?

Show how you worked out your answer.

Exercise 1.5 Antagonistic muscle in the leg

This diagram show the muscle in a person’s leg.

1.On the diagram, label these bones;

the femur the pelvis the tibia

2.What kind of joint is the knee joint?

3.On the diagram, label a ball and socket joint.

4.Look carefully at the diagram. What will happen at the knee joint when muscle A contracts?

5.What will happen at the knee joint when muscle B contracts?

6.Which of these pairs of muscles are antagonistic pairs?

Underline the two correct answers.

A and B A and D B and C C and D C and A