Total Serum Protein: Normal

Total Serum Protein
Normal The normal values listed here-called a reference range-are just a guide. These ranges vary from lab to lab, and your lab may have a different range for what?s normal. Your lab report should contain the range your lab uses. Also, your doctor will evaluate your results based on your health and other factors. This means that a value that falls outside the normal values listed here may still be normal for you or your lab. Total serum protein 1 Total protein: Albumin: 6.4-8.3 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or 64-83 grams per liter (g/L) 3.5-5.0 g/dL or 35-50 g/L
Alpha-1 globulin: 0.1-0.3 g/dL or 1-3 g/L Alpha-2 globulin: 0.6-1.0 g/dL or 6-10 g/L Beta globulin: 0.7-1.1 g/dL or 7-11 g/L
High values High albumin levels may be caused by: Severe dehydration. High globulin levels may be caused by: Diseases of the blood, such as multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma,leukemia, macroglobulinemia, or hemolytic anemia. An autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, autoimmunehepatitis, or sarcoidosis. Kidney disease. Liver disease. Tuberculosis. Low values Low albumin levels may be caused by: A poor diet (malnutrition). Kidney disease. Liver disease. An autoimmune disease, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Gastrointestinal malabsorption syndromes, such as sprue or Crohn's disease. Hodgkin's lymphoma. Uncontrolled diabetes. Hyperthyroidism. Heart failure.
Glycated hemoglobin
Glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c, A1C, or Hb1c; sometimes also HbA1c) is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. It is formed in a non-enzymatic glycationpathway by hemoglobin's exposure to plasma glucose. Normal levels of glucose produce a normal amount of glycated hemoglobin. As the average amount of plasma glucose increases, the fraction of glycated hemoglobin increases in a predictable way. This serves as a marker for average blood glucose levels over the previous months prior to the measurement. The 2010 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes added the A1c 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) as another criterion for the diagnosis of diabetes. In diabetes mellitus, higher amounts of glycated hemoglobin, indicating poorer control of blood glucose levels, have been associated with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Monitoring HbA1c in type 1 diabetic patients may improve outcomes.
HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 31 42 53 64 75 86 97 108
eAG (estimated average glucose) (mmol/L) 5.4 (4.26.7) 7.0 (5.58.5) 8.6 (6.810.3) 10.2 (8.112.1) 11.8 (9.413.9) 13.4 (10.715.7) 14.9 (12.017.5) 16.5 (13.319.3) (mg/dL) 97 (76120) 126 (100152) 154 (123185) 183 (147217) 212 (170249) 240 (193282) 269 (217314) 298 (240347) 326 355 384 413 441
18 19
470 499
albumin
CSF albumin is a measurement used to determine the levels of albumin in cerebrospinal fluid. A closely related test, CSF total protein is a measurement used to determine the levels of protein in cerebrospinal fluid. It combines the albumin, IgG, and other proteins. It can be useful in distinguishing among causes of Meningitis. It is more likely to be elevated in bacterial meningitis than in viral meningitis. The upper normal range is 150 mg/dl in neonates, and 50 mg/dl in adults.
Pathophysiology sample values BMP/ELECTROLYTES: Na+ = 140 K+ = 4 HCO3- = 24 Cl = 100 CO2 = 22 paCO2 = 40 pACO2 = 36 Ca = 9.5 CK = 55 PMO = 300 UNa+ = 80 UK+ = 25 LDH = 100 ALP = 71 Mg2+ = 2.0 BE = 0.36 PCO = 295 UCl = 100 BUN = 20 PCr = 1.0 paO2 = 95 pAO2 = 105 PO4 = 1 AG = 16 POG = 5 UAG = 5 BUN:Cr = 20 FENa = 0.95 UO = 800 TBIL = 0.7 BC = 0.5 SOG = 60 CSF: CSF alb = 30 CSF glu = 60 CSF/S alb = 7.5 CSF/S glu = 0.4 / Glu = 150 \ pH = 7.40 A-a g = 10 ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS: ALVEOLAR GAS: OTHER:
SERUM OSMOLARITY/RENAL: URINALYSIS: USG = 1.01 UCr = 60 TP = 7.6 Alb = 4.0 AST = 25 ALT = 40
PROTEIN/GI/LIVER FUNCTION TESTS:
AST/ALT = 0.6 BU = 0.2 AF alb = 3.0 SAAG = 1.0
Bilirubin (formerly referred to as hematoidin) is the yellow breakdown product of

normalheme catabolism. Heme is found in hemoglobin, a principal component of red blood cells. Bilirubin is excreted in bile and urine, and elevated levels may indicate certain diseases. It is responsible for the yellow color of bruises, the yellow color of urine (via its reduced breakdown product, urobilin), the brown color of faeces (via its conversion to stercobilin), and the yellow discoloration in jaundice. There are no normal levels of bilirubin as it is an excretion product, and levels found in the body reflects the balance between production and excretion. Different sources provide reference ranges that are
similar but not identical. Some examples for adults are provided below (different reference ranges are often used for newborns): mol/L
mg/dL
total bilirubin
5.117.0
[11]
0.2-1.9, [11] 0.31.0, [13] 0.1-1.2
[12]
direct bilirubin 1.05.1
[11]
0-0.3, [11] 0.10.3, [13] 0.1-0.4
[12]

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Total Serum Protein

HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 31 42 53 64 75 86 97 108

PROTEIN/GI/LIVER FUNCTION TESTS:

AST/ALT = 0.6 BU = 0.2 AF alb = 3.0 SAAG = 1.0

Bilirubin (formerly referred to as hematoidin) is the yellow breakdown product of

0.2-1.9, [11] 0.31.0, [13] 0.1-1.2

direct bilirubin 1.05.1

0-0.3, [11] 0.10.3, [13] 0.1-0.4

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