Corruption
Corruption
Corruption
soctETtEs
CAUSES, EFFECTS AND REMEDIES (A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN)
(Jm
Docronl r[6ir rubdnd ro lle Univ.EiD of Sindt omr P.l.nt!o, tunuhr l!. Eq!im..t to. th. D.gR Itr Publi.Adhitri nriotr.
By
SHAUQIUR-REEI\&{N
Univnit ofSiDdh
JrDshom (Sitrdb)
or
tAItSrAt
stxDH
(t^ll3floro)
CERTIFICATE
Cedi-fied
hr!
carried out
:
ed
dblinct md tis disscidioo is
Adrhi stration.
\str-----2-- -z
PROFESSOR MT,'HAI!'MAD YOUSIF PARDESI SUPERVISOR AND CI.IT{IRMAN
Rutgers Univerrity
Cr.F
r.
C.d..
rbilhdd
ro-uolt.IlltArtolcB!
Sh.fq{-R.to.a t PLD. dtd.d 1 tb Urivqd., of Sidl who hs ba t htlhigb 6ctq. rni.d (t ltru Gl{01) h..r d ih. Cnd!. D.?.rffi of hJDlb Po&y od Adliiddoa RAgo U.nEitFCqq| r. qed{r! M.. R.h.! h.! b i! d*L.o d &4a dE Lt S.ne. Hc h.r bd F $in8 r!..fth rd lt. sirios of rh. palt'D.ac drt& of lir &.ronl
I
siri.8
in rtg.rd lo Mr.
ofid.vi.$ O96d tlo* lt coodd.d i! P|tinu) *ith o&iJr b ltn acie dn : Nd YdL, PtiLddpti. .!d riqtdo!. ADo8 tt idcriN le tho ClidCod to ttc MrF oftb <ity of Ncp Yodq lt UniEd $i6 AtrdByr cf PtiL.ldp|ir dd Houroo, .r'idd to it Co@bioG of PoE6 of Plilddteir .!d lt dilldo. of o..diodlFi.n F%@ d tt UNDP. rn dl |n ddiriocl r.dpL oftirty toliq ml(.t blohld i. conwiod
rVH. ha! d
h. h|, oooitu{..d &.ddiriocl !a
r4..r
ood{ri indi.ft dd r!vir*i4 srieiD *dt c6dr.rd b.! h tb. U.itd Sm on comdid. llr. ltuD dro r|!di!.d .ar'rd &d! of ood ottb. dryt r! of hir dir.mdioi ftr rwtlw .!d norc t cqrt r c@9lid stoh tro(tir drd A t[i. poh! oftsr r,slq .nd oy Bb4 I bdi(e lrt R.tm i. Ft .r!d to rtilE l@ .!d b.si! tb 6rl .61i!8 ofli, {r.dt
I!
tddidod lo lh.
Rutgers University
ll -a! .
groa
Cup...a Cudd
with our pqDlic
d.Nu. to h.n
*e[
ldninid'llid .rd politicd $iqrc. nq,|ty krc rnd w$ uniw$dly lil(.d .nd rctpcded. He ba llllltMing !d bdddld | !.os of hlnor d.6ptu th. bo$rl.t.ci3 of iI Unitd Slda lrmiSr.tio. S.rvic., tlE Pond Syd.d locrg rore of hi! @il &d iom i.idrl prcbl@ qirh tlF R!g!.! Udvsiry h@d!g 3}!t@ r& i4n{.d oey oftho& *hon h. iitdicrql *ith hi! tr||p of th. probk6! of @dpii@rlgrdld of tt poliricd co ql. IDd..{ th. dnd 6ln!d to tL Mlyd of No Yo* Cny 8rE hio rtmr th'E hoB for e idahw. rr roid b. vry @ for & A@i{ grdurr. drd.d to oh.b .el ..c!, Mr. R&M .ls tdrc Fn of D.ocrd tft nr!. tlc qotc wil! otl.n gtrin|de od.d! .d na|ty @ . d.it brir H. d. I qdl{lcdvql F..rd.!iod to notty td! ofti! di*srdid I! nd, rb Bi.*. r4 & good tln dE of u[ MPA erd.d! !lk.d if h. @!d Gpd h ft. lhoc $to ooutd d or. tu odtid F..dri(E rb .b F!!&!d e ddcr. of lia Odr b.lt. d.r.r@'r.ti.f F Uicdi,a It Fo|@ It yo h*! &y $r.dioo, I c6 b. R.t d d ?rl 313 8?0t (Dy tdE) d lhotgh thdda.d! rulln .d!.
/"r-H
806ffi@muEcrso
Strl <Uib...i.y
J.^.,'ct"
nno6u610omonoEnr EI
H
H
8
o
fil
e83J'Jr+
o o 6 a
i
m
l.l
H o
g a u
EI
E $ El
- "
...h odd c&n miurly, m. of6. n b ".,. o ""-u. thn did miaht scia orl* md'. i'dcd tit, o-., wit! lou lrop.rq
it
i?
-i-dy.
l.l
rit
**-*'
l)
it ll HI
IT
fi
o
$ [l E
fi E
E
u o
ItJ
F:
o'oi*::q,y.i\*Xt-.tj,rr;;
g
EI r-t
B...cla.hc.hod. ol dE Hcr.tF i' fi.r s{li.h Al|hh,fi ei*" ,L. -a ".*r"( @! th. podio! of rh. wrld. erd b. lhou kild str - ALt b,ttr b.d lild b 6.. .rd Kh d orlpdm i! ihc .uth .o
A& rov.'i m' coruPr6.
n EI o o t5
iE
Ei o
&1
r"' a,.
)o."ul :'")
6 o o 6
at
El
t
&1
EI
&t
EwoffiuoElooo
3.-*.,6
Part
Chspaei
Introduction
g pl a
FI (u p
Part
and Culture.
Chrpter
I
2.
l.
Chlpt.r3 L
2. 3.
l,eg.cy of ColoDialism
Common Adninistrative System in Developing Socidies Administrative Weaknesses in Developing Societies Bureaucratic Problems in Deveioping Socieiies The Cultur
ChrD.er4
ofCorruption
L
2. 3.
Emergence and Gro{th of Corruption ;n Developing Socities The Theory ofPoliiical Conuption Burcaocntic Comption, bribery and Nepolism
Part Chlpter5
III
The Public
oooafl ooldoo[n0
ili
l.
Part
Chlpter
ry
Cruses
ComDarisotr
8 ChaDtr 9
Nrtue,
Part
Conclusiotrs
Srd Q{rorery
3.-*.."
Part one
Introductio
omf,onEdgeffinef,eoa
Str,a <l{.trrr&y
3.r*i.
o E s o
o o o n o o o o 6 6 o o o o c o g 6
E
Chrpterotre:
CorruplioniEDevelopirySo.ieti6.
o E p 6
$t
mpp.s
ai a
@id j@i'ft
in
or
ofli6
to
s tl n
E}
idtq
s:
EI
ond
ih.
disisal
gov.mol
E g
6 E o g 6 s o o 6 6 q 6 6 6 o 0 o 6 6 6 g o q E 6
@
s E
muag@, ad
by Ev.ldion of .Lliba.L
d..?tid
.nd didcds
eMg
ib
thar
The @nw.rional
*isdm
lqd Admilis!.tioq i!
m 1046
i.@Ue helief.
6 o s a 6 o o o s 6
E
E E
dislosws
rhzl
Ar lhis lh$is
ahoul
uply
shows,
ser up by
public
misndur ofhighly
nis
alloeeths ih
se
q!6ioB
sw
otrdd.G ir
the fa.
ofofrcial
lo obst!.l
u.lemired by pdval vie .rd politic.l all.giocc dut omption is alloqed io b@ne
qddic
in a public
oojzlion?
d in
what
wt5 @
of
org&iz2rioN
inpliqt
violr!6
nea.lo
ho6t dd
dedi@red
o o o n o o o 6 o o g 6, o o o e g g 6
St.J Q{roery
e.r,*-.
ofr6
who
be done
th$n
lhe
Dublic
wuld
ud.cililg
publc
How
build a.d
sllin
&l
at
ril
'IrrG se @ sitrple olrslm io
i,quny inio plot by rlF @uie
su.h @Dplq
qwldoN.
T1E public
I'l
Ill
ir pais of &y
$adalos eit of tE
disl(re
srcn
of
codtio
in blmuqaric. By
nrgMdd
lb
nare
od
lMs d
i1
t{1u6.
@mptd
oprcity
iss6 of cvid.M
ou
of
$icty
1o
&al,
qrpto
illuiMs
@dplion.
@uiine
a history of inquiry
dd
.xpLnrlioB
Deiining
@plion wdd
is by no
mply
dm$ttat s.
So@
de6nc @Nption by
tf@M
.p!as
to be rhc "6oc
cd4lio.,
n is
6tlrm.
bding fals
witt6 ad obsrudingjocie.
Pqn43 b{ibcry is
it is mE
Stn/ nlaanaay
5 E g
6 E g EI 5 e g e o 0
EI
Llt
poli@ behavio.
b uy
nn
!u
ce,
defning
g o
Ill
'tdFiMl o.ducr"
synbolic. An inwdigation
c c
E
s
is
'criminnl
aDd
nafe6"
that
Fqoe 'ciioinal
wn n
s tlt
g
K[
sFtiou-"
othd
fom ofoisondd
a
ftnr
$c violalior of
ri a &l p {!; o o
s a
@nption of
a public
ltr
o g
EI
llt
public body is
by lhe
@mprd.
The publich
niss
o s g
f
of public alilodty
ad pow. S.mdal
q u g
EI
bdon6 lh.
EI
Prblic
tr[(
and
o tal 6
dG
misnduct of
rat
I'l
publi.
&l
ofll@
lad
lo a
labeling
of the orSdialion
a
@rupl
&d
it
o n 6 o g d o o o o q g
btkd
conpf'
tr[(
is
org&iztion ard
ed
iis "hoEsl
ops". At
thc
@e ijDe
thc
faile
of .dministllod
SriJ <l{d!.',r.y
3.-.a@
lu
ilE
ti*
d.
o o e 9t p
tg
g o o 6 e 6 tr o El E} g o
ItJ
Thd h d
non
rhe
viw th.l
som.thing
@mincd howvr
nis)dul L{gly is the natw ol Eud cl.tionsbjlc ard how they c buil ard
dc
lhe
lq
ili
i! is.'
plblic 6
sll a is
mrk
be
e iat
u
L.l
6 wll a olnciab
iir
t0
oigmiad io cN@ public irGe Ou undsl.ding ofthe violalion ofpublic t'ust should
be
s |lJ
It
n o E o c o o o
a!,rc.d
by a tmwLds of how
fidEi.ry G?oNibility
o o
*1s
of
s)dd
@y
is by
Efon.
ed puishmnt
6t
s o c s &! p
EI
euler
ed
10
gurd the
alrho!lr
gurdis
is
of
(midcnbL.
.
No @? 8uds
tle glardi4 o.
.
th.
@li@ b6s
$. .bsne
siEtft
li$l ba
sd
to
@E pDbl.ns of
10
corrplion, P&adoxic.ll,
notone
ihe
almys
bn
t8lrded 6
$lulion
pobld
tbal
otsff
always
Eusl lies at
n o E o o o o o o 6 6 n n
E g E
E
The
of the
CG
by
Ef.ffie
8G
on wilhh
od
o c o c g
.sr/
q{d!.'.1.y
ffi5
is
e.-*e ogtn5oego00!00ct
10
ovditrDlificarion
dy
pubtic
upon dF
mn p.nicutaly
irs
3ystcB ofcivic
po*r, ft i!
u
t6r
orSsialion
stor
q o
FI
ou
i!
oficials
{d potidcib d
ciriztr8, a4d
tI@
is
eihirg eftddiD,ry
cxpeting thal lile .ll othq ciliaro, rhey coDfom ro ihe MnDtiv ord{ thar h Oe law
blleEy
is lhar
si@
rheir
rqt
js ro
.nfo@
rhat taw, ir
previd*
df{lt!.lh1.
d.fo|fuot
th.y
of law h.re a
M* orgeizjriN
orgadadon is
clmpte4 thc oorc q{n@blc irs systd of orgoialioMt @ftol. \vith a gNins nov.ndn
r0
Foiisiddiz!
rrslm
ihe
ro
confom io
a @dc
of elhics
o eq rek
am.g pof.ssioqk, On n
ov.rl@ked bul oE n
opqaling .od. - tbal
b dore
lle
Dost Dovqftrl
sel oI ru16
umir!.n
dd
p@d6
or
nBl
this
ald which
ofot!.d
1o
by
ilfotud
rs
lh6is thd @
Ef.|!lB
rhal
FEy
for
ehple
cods
withi!
org&jztioB
soats
ed sctioB dd
of dow
J.-*o,o
diE!.
of
adninifation.
Mdy auhoc
of@
anict6
u
H ia
&I
io rhis
! wtme
qil!
t@y ye,s,
@nffi ed chedqigis
have
bd
ad
otrcials
h
one
b@m
encobLred tuudnely in
er1o!
0 &l o tit 6 o t5 6 FI u o
tij
lNi
tenbok
d dlent
$hols
$n
Mog)izit s
iopic
ofcon@
ro h.rh
PBUE
Ihar
6frt
pubtic,
inE6r
Such
in&ftErio k
unloubtrdly
v.hade. It
p@li@s
vory in pl@
ad tihe
in
bot
fonn
ad l.vel of orStuizli@.
ate
aglt4dt
on ihe
be dE
omprjm
Shl <l{i&.rt.v
ffirffi
e.-.tr'o
g a g o o gt o o o n
avajlrble
Alrh@gh
lileatw indks a
i1
s,tich
@ptio,
ltt.
ide
of how ir
s FI
gl
E} EI
rhe
tue
.r
of
sI
El
rde
@m4ion
ldmilistratirc
to
@rd5 sioF
of
ir eutiy
L
a cruciaj
tad6li,
s*m
ag6
@. Olhh
nclude lhe
@nfmable,
n'
mr!t!
s o E
o 6 o o o D o
6 o g o 6 o o E a
,n
cmtpdd
suh
@rdr ey
b. fouad ,o
*!rk |E$E!ty wU
tu!
hn
Dl
in the o6cials
ofwhat etr
.Id
lis
bd @lved. Schot$
hi*
,obLn
(irclding
tri.l
as,etht
is
|4t
'rr
|e.t Wor
Umil
.d
ddisilg ,olrci6
5 6 o o F o o 6 o F I'.l g 6 u
c @
.9tr.l q{d-..Ly
e.6.totu
s E[
s g s g s 6 g o e
E
will @ntinue to
b appo4hcd ar
$. to..t
l@l
terct of
dquiry. A nmta
6tNM
ot
rlE
of
si.[y
&d
is
mptio.
ay agocy.
o@
hs
ra!
suge$e<t what this leret
niehr b. or how
n o o o o o
@dupdon
el ed pBire sjal
Anri{trldion
for.,
qis$. A
fq
stiined.trorts, ilcbding
lhal of rb.
s o g ! o EI o o o
o 6
in
N Esrch adivjlid
ft
the
gowing
l@g
i@ ofrhc
06f, fr 600d600orl0ffi
Fffi snsnaooffireo
Strr <l{621"
e.-**.
o o g g o M.ro.roros,used s H 6 R6@ch h a w, of app,@ltlg Edity. Remh is. wly of bMking o E s tluougn fic bonts of ,8rctu. syskmLic o trons @ obs h6m ed qplnb E 6 polkd g iNrruDob h$e l.d !o ,hr@vemen6 in publc ddph!"lon in ne) p.,ts o{ e H o thc Norld. Admjnisraiive @dh ha pbvi.Ld id* wth rnichb orddl.}lc o fa.b of dE B s Golemenrs.Ir hs supltied ne$ods, which @ Bfin in adnbisrdive g pmblem $lving. I a D*pite rhe vcry inpodali l!, ole ujar @arch plsys in rhe indlrcdnr of cfods. rh g E 6 adnini$rabu have lended to hinihjk its inportjre and *, .U,"r*, ," E $ o erpeien(ed rei.rlstv in devetop,ns soc,eua. shich o sEnd in &e q) or ohplele E 6 s.*s in 6mh udenarinss. n E 6 o In atl devetoping societjs, a bajc imFdi,.ar lo Esdch on plblic 6 g
tl.l
adninislBtion is r.\e
**H
$inli.!
sn. *i.ties $d
in
o$4.
Undd
nem
of connoltine baMGtuy
bwall@y bs.ms
Gov@ml oificd
opeEld on lhc
wft
$d e
"sEIivc
lo
e *a$rared
dd
rheir day
b dly
The
bsifts B
shDudd by llle
c,lld ^@nfidtudal
s@r", a.d
the
top
srEr" Rl6.
made a
'soingenM" wir\
wioN pe6s
of th. @
eiio
{d 'ffir
undhla!.bbly
.sl.l <Uit!.r.l.y
3.r*@
large
he rhe
dd
0r.
0ur
n*
sFrs @h.d i!
Ih. public. I!
sEr.ild
by ihe
Oficiaf
sEts &t
1911. It
bede
Id
in&p.nd@,
rlt
lopuld so!@ignry
@ib ud
k.oM
PB ad fic
qtdn
'16
o.dia of
.dl@icalol
TIE
tu
dv.loping
sietis dd
alt
rtgch
clsiied
in
do nor prcvi<te
rtgEhq.
of
claih to l,\.
detic
bwwnlic lr.qsdship
of popul&
aftitude
io rb
gsl siriviry
of tx@BE y
10
&s!2ly
high
th public
ha, in qery
sus?icion
ion
rhe
climle of mdusl
ad
dE
thc
rhe
@Fnl
l!fuh
ln ts io
diion er only
Dat Coll.clior
Dal!
p.iMily threuei
pio! el..red
i_e the
dd Unikn
Ahdicq
Ralph &aibanrl: Fe3d'ch on rfE Burcoucrd.y ol Par'eran, Durham ouke univGnv Prcss, 1966,p.61,
.slil q{{|'.r.l.y
J.-*o.o
bsilB
rohical
dits
ed
o 6
rh
tii!
gruF w@ chos
Ei
tgl
b6e<t on
spling.
08
busincsfln,
l0 jldses,
joualhrs md
fv.
goups w@ choeo
bd.d
thcn
qpdvc
s s
til o E
u g u o
c p
t* E
o g
ast d
10
suggBr
yild.d ooE
!m* of ofih fo. possiblc i .wis. nts eowbdling rcbniqe d& 70% of rhe iol.l lool of FQondnts. Acce$ibiliry ro lh.
dtso aided co$ideFbly by
o a a c o
!t
E!
nleflewes w$
th. corbcls I
jolmlist. Comption
eain acces
ed
od
ct
comectioE siven !o
n.
by
v&iou p@pl..
*nior
ey
o G p It
s H c
E rt
s o
@ bmity of
I bad
b.long !o a si.gte
rclw* of.ti|Ai
s o p
u o
ttl
*rc
nor
thel
&6s
to o @ge of Do$ibl.
All
dr
irtdiBs wm
audio iaped
wih
the
pmi$ion of O
rcspondats &d
wiew ws coiduckd,
slE
expedd jn
n not.s
$pprtucd
the E@fdd
b!6
of th.
armg.
St,/ <l{ir{'.r.y
qd h.lf-hou. At tesr l0 inr.rvi.w' do!0y old
e.^.h.8 o EI o tal
el o p ig H
t
&l
F:
aboui orc
wirh
buuerar1 potitici8 ad
judgc, lsted
tne esrDnd.ntr'
1he
incNiew (lDne
bM)
wc@
rhe
&d tlE
Mbty,
dd
rhc
s}
As
non of
rbc eljLs
wd i di4!d \@ ,tk
i!
Edglish, rbey
iddis
lll
etu
p.rticuld ide
$ilch.d
l&guge u*d
by
'fte int flicws, 6 explaired eadia, focwd btuadly otr probtem i<te ifition
attribution, e'Iets ealysis. oulcoh .valurion, slution
uE1 eDdg.d
6ud $.
of
pr*nprbl, 6d
olher issucs
g EI p E o E o tat 6
EI
la
.xptord in wjrh
*irl
p6btd @p&!d
odd
elg
6 o c o
erh
Oe
of @mttio4 pF&rd
tn
Ekriv. import@ of
Frcepdon of uE
e.l
.Fe.tive.$s ofqkting polici$ &d pro8lms d6igned to conEot @nprio.. Additio&l (hla on rhe $bjed of @d!'tior w@ co[e.r.d
J]mifcstos of majo. poljlicat p3ni6 for ih. gcnenl
i!
.t*doB of l q3 d,A
d@h s, $cb
odiee, rldire b
dE dd-
.sh/ q{d'.'...y
e.^.h.8
E I E I
@mption etron, orthe govcmni wer aho sarh@d. As a sowe of rich co.txrul
i.f.-.ri.' s *n
.po^ *,"r"0 b
nck*olk
we
cou.c@d. oFDoo
rrcl6 ed new
rd
EI
o E $ E 6t A o
E H 6 $
EE o
.cie{r
re
rd
lrdu
ItJ
Pskjson-
ed oesiolally frcn
publietioN. About
ic6
tror
'lE*
An inpo@r pan oi
prci* w6
a cue $ud)
rhe
lm
@nduced wirl
k r ldhusfaioE ot
le8o-1904 Narional
tuphsor<trsfo,ll1eyes
Fidlly. dr poeeddgs of
*e(
s
fi
*".
"O*"
O.t*
"*
of theF
dbrrd esioc
ld
abod
rm
wt'
This
Nl
E S
ofisEs
.. r. sa " FN or naor of pohlc.l rhc.onc Duile "r." "rr.*"a rook nous od e.theEd oLhq infomdoo.lsbueu @ pGs
Ihta Amlysi!
$e sioe
E
E
$ n. -r-" "r ,r" ."n'.s RE $bjar.d b a qu.lir.lw &EIFN *hich ws E ,** -***,, wiLh the .Lu coll4rior sd coounued long anft my fm rion
the
o o o g o o .n
coditrs
!d
cltcgo'izils
the
au-
tog"oanocfilnnf,oflE'fl[ffiTdn@onflEoot
Sl.l <U.lg'.|.y
Bos6ffiffiffiEoon s
g o o n E g
tr
E
daia
e.n.to6 gnnonnnf,oormf,o
so
w*
a.ducred siftulbrcouly
otu
f.db&t ilio
soln6,r
for qustit live drlysis
s E
In salrzing lhc
wft
adaped,,ithon
q&dy
o g o tr g u o g
EI
f+ FI
turgis
SclG
E o
tit
ht
rit
llt
This
m u.stided
de av.Eg.
ofte i
and on
6 d g o
EI
F tr
This
@bl*
ac
10
rc
faidy
sy
ttimBio6 d @a
c{egoris
6 o s 6 E o o o 6
|a
caB,
Altlough thk
irirj.l
pMs B
mr o.ly
b Fis
Ihe
*h.n {6
sin
n. For
i,
a buics
k d
to
btd .rdditioEl.
'cr|g. BwJ
Publ'llB
'
^ur}"n
u.i6iy
SbJ <l{'t'at.t
J.-*otc
e.xplelory shmc
.lit!
valE
lhout Ihe
th. dira
\m
in pregr.s.
is
noE
eud
pM6s
lll
o o
thlr ene
dara
@ emuLi.d
of
dclvils inlo a mE
dial
@es of sEuprion
yilded sderal
rubcaregoria of diologics,
Esulted
'n
bwaucrats, tn naluE oflh lclonl ststm, rnd lhe qualily ofpolitical lanlqship. A
done
@ud
dhtuioN Dertimd
of otcso.i6 ard
sub
hiffhy
ai.8ons, din@i@s
lh@6 ed previdcd
Btrelw
ro my
udc6r.lding of ihe
elites' coNlructions of variou oslats @la1d lc1@mption. Duing thh proc6s, new
an llaical nenos
*c
Dis tind of
an
!'Ilis 6k
H cni.d olr *irh th. .id ofr lo-d pe.65ing pogtu, e I .dld intniew d.lcrmd ud prcde ! o* coded inEfria d6mmr.
rq*
din.dy
on
i\e
60d00000notsosloo p e o o psud liujlftlly h su!6qMt ircBics dd ds p@tcd lre potished o o u interpEtivc Fssibilili6.
A sinild, but slightly nodified, conlent erlysis
and
e.-/,.6
done of th newspapd
anicts
d wtl s doubr
a
of doila e,Ih n
in ntll into
stuEics
Tli
uti{mltiotr
pani.s, howv.r,
wft
subjat to srch
a 0l 0 o o g o p o o td u It o o o e o
Ill ig
c
E
16
While Ihe
idd
sa
4d edysis
sihrl|.nosly, ii
wa not posiblc to complele the prcjrct in this foshion. The eost inporor ding
!o
coll*t ny
dari by. !r
lsl
Sh/ Q{atrrlry
e.-.t 6
g
iru
a!E!!!s!!ABE
fl tll
ilj
pt
iii
h S.wic
/ R.tired /Orhd
EI
|!;
:t a g
sd
in coltexl oI P'kisrtn
FT
l.
GI
llr
nn
2. Duing th pF!'oN egirc, w. had hqrd Paktutd' d n6ber @uw in lhe Nrld. \xodd jou lilc pl.$. to @btF!r:
5 o o I5 tt o o g EI o o
cdled P!}rslan
t @hl!t
@tion
lq
sl
4,
to hdvc
p g rll o o o
s EI o s
E
a E} $ g
ItJ
nmsns0muuggtilHfi gFtocltlH m
o g EI g 6 o o c 6 s e cl o o o o g e
OE sooffi60sodudod
slrl
<Ud'.'.r.y
sffiooEloEgrl6Ig&l o*Eri:
Do lhey @mpri$
e.^*.6
s q
e
!!;
5.
whlt
do
ig
P.did6t ed Prim dd Amy 6 wll ?
Mitrisrer orly
or includc Chief
IT
fi
s
ti:
G
6. How do you
agaitut
se th. claim of adirg codption, with ch{A.l of st the Minist E, legislatos &d bwaucnt't
alinS electticny
ii! igl
l.l
p g a #
|ll
bl
E:
s c
ia
7. Politicis
o o
EI
@
6 e 6 a q
tu
G)
opi.io.
in thjs
iJ
ed.lliciat
EI
o g
8, You wiU member thlt se had innerirld a failly hon$
beauclacy
ftoh Britishm ad pftaPs thnr va why th.F *a mt nrch @Fplion in the initial yd of Pali$d Cs you tr&e od Ihe biirory of@m4riod in Prlisrd?
o o
L.i
E}
c g
t9J
9. Whit prcvisiob
Eutbonty to t3rc
di$iplindy &lion in
fl g
i'j lll
g
t'l
lo.Hor
EI
t.! tti pj
dc
conprion Nin
|ne
oploy6
bc.oo.
q pt a o
&I
! EHETOOflS&lCtEEflillOIiEGE
e g 6 g g
ffi50neffirc|nnp6 g
SlIl
<I.{d..'.r.y
e.-*06
Ersooooooooooo00E!
e
E}
g
EB
FT
I LIs
t[cE dy
e q
|g,!
E: p
12.
Politicid
r:w
for
r{
Whar.to you
ci
4u
6 6 e
|6I
I
'!,;
o
Fi
i*
I
Hotr
rr poliricid
dc r.spo$ibk tor
mprins
ta!
he Mrior?
G'
e o o rit
14. How would Jou
n x
@npe
in
(ldio0
!o rh. spEld ot
odption duing
posr
ndial
tlt
r.w
p.n6 hm
redo I'u
for
a
EI
Ia7?!o1985?
Eg
E! tlt
|!I
E;
|
no d
tr o
g 6i fr
5. whrr
'eldio0
dd imfiicicncy?
ltl llt
GI GI
E
16.
Mo$
--
of$e buin.$n.n
a
do mr pay
6ei
s 6 c
o
tu
codupron?
r:
sElo9606ffi
s c g
p
oolilEll5clE8lulSfl ff Hppx{sordp rdu
Hfdfl
--onooffi
&tl
L.'
Sl^a <l0n'...t
e.-.h4"
nf,6060oEffel&lFnoor! |;l
bl
gffiodndod0dooono
l?. S.he p6ple sy th.t @mptim qisi.d i! ou wiety dd bcfoc lhe binl of ?atisle. Bui rhal w4 on .linild scale. Il !'adully incFdcd d@ to wHl pohical lqdeBhip anq 1he d.ad ofdE fadE ord* odtion. Vhat .lo you sy abou n?
g 1!; p o n
H
:n
i?
18.
do you
FJ
{4
E
19.
g
?oliticims @ al$ bla,hed of pbnoting @ruPlion by ignoting coepr pmdies of
den col@guB lo kme thcir wcatnBs ed $ing againsi th.n if lhey d!rcd to opF* thcn in ey mn r. How fd it is ns?
#l '!j
t!;
EI
tg
fi n
$
ate blm.d of compting lh. .doiristation FNs in thc Covtucd S.qe on snior pcilio6 p@ede for appoinrn nts. wlat e you @nnents?
20. Thcy
ee
:g
21.
s.
Pre@ting @mpiion ir ou
siclv?
g It a EI o p o o a u tn
E
22. Do you
ey
o g o a 6t s u
6000ffiHon066q
Sr,.l <l{d'.'.t.y
3.-*06
EOfiOOnOOO6&rOuO og
t'J
EI EI EI
tl |a
23. Do
rete ro
eEdicllc @mFior?
o
lll
t9
a
24. How
ld
ini.mtioMl siturion is
eih Fglrd to
@rupt
fl Llt EI g
E
si
n a
2t. Doni you Lhinl
one
prebleb of patislatrt
FI
tEd |,k
n in
pslist
n io
didicrc @mprion?
o o o o o o o o
&l
|tl
tit ffi
27.
W}!t p@i*
d.sc
tudd
you suggBr to
.rini.#
o.
&l
ItJ
o o o
ril
td
OUESTIONNAIRE IAI
til E
|lt
p,l
b
Depa&n ntorgdiz.rion/Pany:
til ttl
L.l
Ir SNic. /R.ti!.dotbe.
o E} a
ilJ
tit
dd
in mnrext
of
tJ
N.w Yo*?
FI
fat
g 6t 6
E
2,
frow
a
n
H
Politcim contibuld to
@ptior
in you oqaniztion?
l.J
til
I'l
EI EI
o
ll,
How does conption ruin th
ct
{1t
FI
u
ch'Et
r of the public employ6 for thal thcy b.@mc
p.l
r.l Ei
gffitrsHoEloooslpenet
.sr,.,a
<{.tr,...v
e.-*@
coogf,oomffi&o a &I
o o
EI EI EI
Itr
q 6 s c g e o o
E
G
Wrat Elalion do you lind berwn
odption ed
H
inficicncrr?
ril
i5 iJ
tl ttl
r:
& beaucnrs e ate blm.d of prcnorirg coEupt@ by ignoiing @nF pFctic ofdcn @UagG !o loow rhct w6lo..s .rd Bilg ag.i6:t lho if they .brcd ro oppos. thcm in dy ndr..?
5. Politici&e
tl tll fi t5
tll
o a 6l
FI r.t
Ei
0 td
6,
Ihey
Ei
bldd ofcompting th. administrdion by ind@ting ircfficiot p.6os the Cov.@dt sdi@ on sior posirioa *ittou ldopring a!.1 pm.d@ for
also
o o a
E
tu
i!
oM4B?
o o n 0
7.
t,vbal @ thc
onoEEaeffioElffiEl
.sr,|/ q{d!.'.1.y
J.-.t'.8
s o
o 6
EI
EI
PJ
8.
Do you
rbi*
ihalju<tici.ry
@ pky e iolon ,t
retc to
qe,!6& @hrDdo!?
o ET u E)
td
pl
t9
H tJ
u p
t.
WLr rcfom in d& civit
3die
a.tbilistEli@ b.d
tH
fr
o
Lq
ro Wlar pBi$ !o4ws rculd y@ $9961 to climiur. or ar l.j9r Edke dE conpton ir d dev.lopirg siet t
o n o o rl i5 o o
F)
&I CI
o a o
GI
6Effit60S
Htr rARrrwo fr
str E!s
g'***W**'H $H
c6 GN
E
fr!
fi"t""*rr*r*"r""."*"""r"."*"*H
frfr ffffi
EE Hfi Hfr
$E gH
ffi
to"ov,
Cutture
EE
e tr 6 o 6 E e tr 6 s g o g E e
I t
sr&ffid600sf,nnn
Sr
q.{do'.r.y
e.-*e oSffionoggonmd6
o
EI EI
o o o
irE
EI ''l
lll
6iury
hls
of rhe
rhe 20th
be! lh.
of
ctosing
$.
ftwly id.pad.Dt
si.ti6
sial
Atica Asia
6lhey
have
s E
Fi
E!
iq
Lain Am.rica ed
called dreloping
o g
tll
I.l
$nclhjrg
in
omm
$Fh
of
cbqge,
si.iy
E
tlJ
ra
rhe modefr
o s! n g
EI
iduaial.
y
Thcy
G .ll
or
in
Fanio4
o$B
no loDga trEdirion
!d
mr tr moder4
eithdatn
view
tFru.lv.s
viw rhd.
Developmnt Ideolos/
Th. derel@ndr
o o Il' o g
of rhe objerive
tovlrd!
EI
go6ls of tlevelopdEnr
pmgB. Ae|!.l@r
hads
$.
d6iFbility of
the
cm dory
political origjn
dilf.En6
in pohical
sial
ed opporndly
mdqr.d
qLlr
thal ihey
@ politicdly
g tll g n u o E o o o El o
GT
tl,
at a[, rbe
lbe wiai6
lhrE te bcli.frh.t
c s o
EI
nn
th*
t{
SraJ q{dx'.rty
ffigE|dcnf,
sf,onoonffidsooo E!
.nre paird
on
3.6.h..c
6 g
tr
E
rempd
to gire
6 G 6
ts
!alu*
seeD
degF ilF
accepte4 idcologhat
omirJnen
$.
c 6
c
M.J.
Etu
o E E g lq o I'l g Ilt e
mrion buildinc
6muiq
wirh fixed
fl E
I!!
o e E o d r4 o 6 g g g e
G
ha saiftd Dolmne in
and
rh.
E g
g
E g
edd.d
ai thc
tuc
poliri.d @ir
Ddionalim
s.
dcLirc
have
be. in@ingly
Ihe ur8. io
Mljon srdir
systen origieled.
sk
a mtional idftity
i! a Eetio! lo emF
iiom
dulrL
fmd
@teiat
lDB
gaind-
c s 6
sietiB
is not
a *y l.!k, In $e ce
of
o E 6 g o n ttl 6 o
mtoMljM
lffgely
on
alMty
spating a
s E c e c g c c p n s tg
!!l
si.ri6
@ ditrcirl @riri6
i! l[e
thal
pot'ii@l adivi66.
gmupingsr
10
E s F
neir bowddi6
onen
dnM
po*6
without
cgdd io cihnic
6 o 6 0 g 6 g g
E E
!d
ircludins nimdry
gouF oppoFd
Nimilaton.
-I1r
prcbleN
n E u o 6 t* 6 6
o, H
Elio!
stai is a slow
dr
a p
@nplde
the
prlls
old
TIF
c g
E p
cnee
of
snes
of lh.
'w
politicd
f,06665fln0nncffionoM0
sffi*E&eoK#**oH
Srrl Q{rrorrrry
fF-ffi, e"-*"-
a 6nnn"ing polirc.l Fde @rk hs givo lll. p@pt. m sB of dlliry: rl@ Etrft rhe poliricd mr o&ides wirh a disrd cutbrat a@ dd lhos *tEr $E ft ndise@u jtutitutioB and habi6 of lDliti@l rhinlina rhai cd b orD4id io fo@ bomvd &!6 outside. \vhrr.vd den pD3peq rhe Iw wi.ti6 pln a p|miM or eiaslbhins thct nationhoo<t, drd giv d)is prioriiy in polilicd &no".
mits:
E
E|
lfi
s
E g
a s o 6 o o
Ile
My
latcd goal oI
sial
ald @@mic
pbgts
be equrlly
bot
id.di6es it wcl&E."'
o 6 a 6
ftc
ou poqq dd
10
g lll g o d 5 @ o o o o 6 n d
po*lrin
a\@ of s4$r
is
ad adnid$btive a.ljoA
tui qBiry
Mdghdi q.cuiiv.,
tbe
sar fm
of the
a
@hi*ry
ltma
a slrong
obtu
"Ih@ b
sr.ng
govmn!
of
entrli"2ton or rb.
th. task of mrional
MFion
thar without
dimq{
c
e o o o 6 g
and adopli@
havc
bdn
the
n* sielis
h.ve lyilg
6 E
E.@, I$rai J"rtntibt.aiid .rn O6Ebsrer in r&by6&r ldsttuiisr blibilg ii . prlEr *!sy,(ru!.a,N.Y. cdnl uniHiv Pt*) 1972
SrrJ <4roorr.y
e.-*@
o DI llr g ItJ rl
befoE dEm
and
el
lh. io,ge of
{M pa(
ineir
liB
of
wbich
onrebporid."?
of Developnetrt
g
lil
IlI ig
Th. Politica
g
EI
ilr
6
i,hc
Trlc pdncip.l
wietjB @
Bolsi
(T) a
$w
wietr {iii)
iob6l&e il
du.l
n li: p p g g
(v)
&
s g
H
o t!! a
EI
$ughi
b Oc @in
*hicl.
for
4orylth|Mr
N.ilhd dre mr
g
E!
deane q
o o FI
Ei
$ied6, $tich
@lid.
Thc polirical
.lMt
automaricslly
au@ a erE l
ts
ad
Fliticiu
in ibce
B
n$
' '
HaE
Public
Adniitt
'rldlhri,
.to
in
odbt
cont*!,
(o6od
o o 6 o 6 6 6 n, u o o 6
o*topm.ht in the
ffi
.9,1
<U,,|rr'.&r
3. e.,.
s
lgitaliooal
di
'lspoDlible
6i.d oq
!frlog @!
d y aD.g rh. w
Gtfiing di$.wr
incll@irls lrd
Ddg
nu.lcd3
i!
rb. ,orEgd
goc.rid T!.
ofFliticie.rd
low Gndn
oft
die!E3,
o o o o
utpl@& .ddmldrM!b.iigDdGf6politi..lFdci!.tio!rtidlDt.FaltoD6y
e!!F
wll a m.rpr.ssioD
Folp-ts
of
tb @gninm tb|rrb.la*
of |@milirS
for
dp.crd6
qiih
116
u@lreir
Political
iar.bility
s @ltB
'i!
prcoiD.d ct
aEieie
In his &sny of 84
!i{s 3ss!tuI 6uF 6 saioos nrcDpts io orqrbrew thc 8ov.rMot b tl of rh. 14 @lod.s fu.ti.vcd ird!?..&E nw 1945 to 1955, tlE sov@en3 re ciih6 ddrhos u .rt-t it Ext6 coaninlion t go@ts hrd b..o i$po.d i! 23 $idi6 in rh. AtrsAsi.n rB
$idns, Mchda
found tlur
40 of dt
n rha!
hrd bc..
sloE.'Mddcr @Eltd6
dE
dDl th.
idd.!|re
Ddi@,
of 3Lblc
sorquE
sE nirly
@ of
rh.
Sl,.a <l{du'.r.y
e.-.r.*
is om
siturion in dcvclopinS
sietis
ol
disntiruiiy ed
wieri6.
IE g@tuot
nlh
tite, wicldiq
rhe
o rt
EI
b!
b. *pbLd
sially ald
rhe rhe
c' uilly, s
rcU
polili@[y
tu
'n
bur lbG
e m @6--
n
F!
EI
ctEbdc.i.ti6. DEn|g
have dpdenced
ta
ben for
t
ed
e!:@nic elile grc!,s, to give wy aft.r ind.Fde@ ro @rjoirtisr eliE which holds
@mplcL
o o g u
E
c o
powr
for a dme,
dd
is
{rn
Epta.cd by ajniBi@ of
t@
@ldid elfte.rd rt
bd
lafgety.xcluded
ton
sjai6
$al
@q qFimced colojzrio!
poE,
drnough th.y
ctjies hare
ba
abL ro rdrin
ds
ro powr
t@ d|tr.siog bc*aou!.ts.
parl.s h
rhe
toh
$icty. Ic pow
dg.
Sld
<4d..'.1.y
e. ^@
orbrd.tMrs oI lditiotrd
si.ty
wil! lottic.l
poBc
in
hd.d
irn@e ha
diEinjshcd.
IlE inditutio!
of
no&hy
of prd
a n
&t
Ei
th. dccline
ad lh.
les
!o
rcbiliry b6
slffdd
trEy
sini6 b@e
6s@inioo will)
conlnd
the @lonial
for
politi.al innune
nsr
bsk
up
l4 6tar6 dd
Mmbe6 of th mlion
lilt lit
Elatively your;,
ubonizl
\vsffiiud
uig,
yct
sdeiz.d
.Dri
drd
Efon
mirded- TIFy
sld
bloril bclie6 ir
ErioMlin dd
@iional
l@
tained in
do
t!. !61&d
.!e
to adsiE it
ed
al
$ qadly b+lN
ihey .dmiE it
dd
th.
thd,6rcur!
6@!y
dd
like 0x
w6t.
ed
my b.,
lhe
ew ed
lldilioMl clir6 my
mlion
,ge
in
6.n
.fuihsn
buildirg
ed
!6nicds
6!fy,
tuo6t
iou! vilh
lbe
tlllg
tur
of
is
rcl
modd
of
&himdnt
lhe new
signifi@lly .d@lionri
&li.wr..t
thc
Thc
Fasr
@jotity h
holds
th. old
Str/ Q{rtrztty
6 d G 6
e.^.h.6
o E
adnlde
Even
tat
the hes
wy
to
dal
wirh
gorllrrtMt
is by lvoida@
ad mn @mihrd
g
E
lg
GI
E g
@, ad
ils p@rie is
tu_
Efon io hing
g g d o q e e
c o
i!
siable
niddlc.le
h^ merB.d,lh.lrst of
Flitiel comui@li@
ecitis,
aad
js
5 fl g
tgt
jutined i,
of&.ins lle
c g
rI
!!i
c r|
gop
$. nlsgs
mphsizrd by
e 6 o 6 e g E o ts c g a 6
is
ieEing
vjd.oe
Ihar
sieris,
in
@r!s
10
1op be adDitled
to th.
eli.
noddni.g.lit
@y
oFn fo.
EI p
n u u o o EI o
tlti
E
|lll
d.nis in
th
E[
the
o o
E
lclmpiig
judged by
Ffdc.l
tst6
thll
6
a
s!
.xpaitu. in
the
n@
o g
Mas
isr'ud;lities s e
o o
o o u o o o o g o
Ll
PJ
ciiha vEr or
,!enj
of
h&4 dc .xltire
.sfti6
of
&
@y
the
mienr notrehy, to
lJ
newoffi t6domoodD60ff
--- -;-;t)
tg Gffi &[00H96{00
s E
6006ffio60ndo
is lilcly ro be bighly
Strl R{rt'.rary
e.-.r@
[nn0moDoooftHa oe
o E
bul@o&y,
@n& o 0r tolilg lDd @FteM of de civil .!d nitirdy eiviry rh* gbup6 a pofdionnl odfrlarion toerds govmcot a
rele ard fnaUy
ojfomiiy i.dwntial
n k6 rhm doDiMl
6 g o 6 g g
Iu
o o e
Et
One
elde
td
lll
t1|j
Th
@lonial ry1on
&t
GI GI
lletual
g.m ofrlp
b(lt4tuy
'nt
loiq
srare, wirh
u E n
tl!
to
and
tr
inr.6l3 of rle
b.iig diedy
irctitudo!
wirh
ts
b@wnric
iod.Fid.@ n to 6int
10
of
rhd*lv6 6
who
i.t
del
d.
fr F
dd
ene. then
@sion
po*!.
TIos
Dwed rct
for a
nftly a poliri.d
be
tui6
d
g
1g
o g E g
Fk bd abo 6 ihe only f.dible way io psh on *oDmic ed sial fronb ed io oMc harion l hiry
motivlr.d
oDty by
oa pors' sr.G My
bt
uAe io
efcSud
rns
be
th. th@t of
apt
*ieris
is
oft
{uthorny
i!
a
the
society by
8ovme . !
the
\r,hq srch
a docrine
b.cofts
key
fatE
with
ofth poliy,
ourom
litcly
b.
9m tird ofDobitirirg
srsicd
oMd,d
taEfoning
the
oFlte
$@ueh a party
ns cnosen
io
egim. ir {rmion
is nol a
pok !d
ln
etu
of physi@t
ed
Itis
otrcirls @ s.fcty
cdF& fd
potirjc.l
6 e g ,!I 6 n o o o g o 6 o 6 n E o o o o o o 6 a
Strl
Q{rtorrrry
bu.a@r&y
ce
mljciDal bcirg within t\e govming clii.. prcvided it des not apiE to
fte phmm.'m
n ha bn lhe snbjei of
of
bilitey in ttiotr
is
dD*ed in d.ElopitrC
$i.ri6
rhal
o EI o o E[ o o tJl
til
$il E
si@ \vo
sial
cbalgc
6thn
th& lhonghi of d
pok
by
e obiioB
6 o
rat
one of
o.ating mB
NoEblc
@pl6 *@
rh.
Jdd
gov@1 i, pariia
sine
ftft M lutjhu
pok
hn mined
asMe
a a mjo
of civitid
prfo@
in
gov.moi,
In
@ios d.gEs,
rhis
h.d ben
tc
situarion at
ti@
oIE
tE,q
for nilira.y
nlovs
l4
of
$izw
ol
pow ii wlally.sy,
qisr
lo
ot.h4i!g
siai6,
dlc opportunirt do
initu
dei&s io
e.
hi!
Fsitiv. rlits,
whjch suir
it for
to
Flitbsl
psnicipation.
dpcw
alid
ro rhc
o6eB
in
io olbr grel{6 in
prcvid.d one of $e
to sratus
ed pow fof
ngoEdfloo000600ra
tio.dis
Mlh
& @efl!@
of condieisl fo@ of
roMrds civilid
IE lhd6 ft w, <
nitit
ry egi@ to b.
*i!h
lhe
pr%lnt id@loe/ of derelopEol in rh. trw sieti.s, m*c milir&, incnirion ain d
!t Mriodl
uily
ard
h.lp I
&eF.d.
10
fa6
soE.
tlicd tddicrF,
W}i|e n is
aiy
for d milit ry
*iE pow
10
gov@, Milil&y
o n EI p lir 6 Ill o
til
Ill it itl
g a
bwtuca.y ed
A
nesiry
of worting oul a
!der!.
mE
b6sic
ob6rack
rhe miliory
Fof*io.
of
dre
leldaslip skills in
poliricd
b&gainilE
.rd
polirisl
o@uicaljoG $ai
lequjrd
fo. sEtah.it
lsdeBhip. Buildire
Ils
o
is.tui.t
for
surd
@ltiNily in
of Ditil!.y led.6bip
is
*l.y
under
AEtu* ad in Lsn'
ffi"T;
io soc,{.s whd rh.y m mr b. pDvid.d un&r orhs ausp,. rlns is tiket, ro be ody cmpoEry md rtuniodt pdeh in potiLicrt dewlopdenr, lerding eirh6 b a ,abte coDpetitiE Flitical systcm uldd civiliq l*ltcship or io b. aulodldid of$. n8h or ofde Ln s in Palisrtu.
Eeer a need in briqu,s poltucat
fi
fl fr fr fr
o0cm0Eloe|60Ef
o o
St'/ <l{dc..Ly
e.-JI!".
*':'.*1.:' H :'***'*.
6re E
E $ $
commoD Administrativ.
srlten
itr Developing
societies
rhc
* **
on
..adbi.jsf'ri@
ts
E 'es@nc E
rrr
orcurem olaercbpnem.
eriLe
ctrtr'ry.
tor
b@Gtry
is @upled wilh
,f!"g ."d-i,i.g
s r pGlquisr
nodmizlo sd {ieEloe|nal
a Ti@ is a
E E
H
H
ff $
,,."
pubhc
adninimion ha
fo,
ben tr.sredd
*i"':a
$l e"*rr.,a.c*r.. o
E *" * *.
public adDirs'dion adDirs'rdion
*r'uy
,Essddr
ot ddctopned dd
'"d*"" e'"s.- ,.
H
ffi
t!|ld d!! t!'rd d!! E E! q'sr.tue u aI ot th* sierd. MN ot lhen slppof, 0r E o.i, mirom ^a idendc.l S lhen *ir"- dd ,a.",i!.t dislcee in all or ths sieri6. Mo$ of rhen suplbit lhe E ol*'. r-'t*r dcfidtri$ d*ropmd mard fii $ "n"o. ol*'. r-'t*rdcfidtri$ all.aed b be @Imon b d*topmd diaEd g E[ e *"*. TL folloqin, fir poitu a indieriv. of BtrEt Fri.N rdbinisfrtid E ldioE. ,* fonowie fre points G in torit. or g*Et paar.6 of rdninisdrid
ir dslopms sieri6 ir
seN of dfu pE!ieG
E B $ $ fr n
deveropinsqono.
$!
r. .Ilj basic p.d.h oI public lanini.-no is njuri* 6ih6 $e ,. nF basc ot o.bric adoiDisrrario a iDirariE sibd $e E ,",r*"^. *,*o ,nclMins dos. whch espd wesrem @rotuatidio4 havc H inaig.o.*. *ioio includins $oe, which esFd wsiem @roniatizltioq havc
@MioNly uied to intod@ sD. hnd or sDdm w.nm bw,*ric ..!niD6ranon. wes1m blHlmric ..!niD6fanon. ot
$ -*"*', ""0 E panmed aner a pdicura dtlo@t rdninisr iw modI. wirh icidtrtlt Uslalty pdicuta mo{rI. icidtr|jt E B uslalty ir h 'dninisr odF will $j *rt* *-** *.. *.e odu qsm. A courry fir B rode'ly a cotmy wilt $ r.ut* *-".0 t *0," * o*. t-t t"*,velr e ld.Fnd.M s rftibty tud S *"" * o*. t t"*,vetr e Fush td.Fnd.M s fftibty en tud fr
6
^,
. ro**
f,
fr
H
g
E
M*"."""#
g E
6E
poliliel porilier
slsh sl*
em. ocietiB
for$dr. ror$dr.
.9,/ <Ud,.'d,
e 6 o n o g o o E o o g e o o o o o c o s 6 6 c o c (l s o o c s 6 6 o o o o o 6 o o o o
o o o g o
E E E
rhe othds deFndins
skiU! in administrdion
e.-*4.
olodat pow @ disiirgrisled d dltswi$ for its natic.Iy uderrook
10
on
sddls
lhc
EI
ed
in
tlE
Ar qolotry of Briici4
F@
h^
d
ain
n o o o
ig ilJ tll
powion
Bntish
lqrd
noE
of
sltcNftl
Fh,F
rh. b.sr
sbow<l
FmjsiB ttE
did
Fluq
A@rdilg to
Fffih
Mit r, F@h
nEl
neb @e r6ricra4
slFs
op
ftU *iFr
ilcid.nal
it
dir.
in the Philippin6.
Ir
suit
farw
o o ET o lru o o o o ta o s g o
E
H
adhinisaiion
gov.mdt ai
hone.
M nm
dd
tuor
paldolieid R.mEnts of
s''.wt
b
s s o
o 6 o o n
bll@ceie
do6 lot
Dd
thd lb.y @
ls
suld
if
tully homc ercM, btn it .106 dphaize thc imlortare of nDkirg adlptaliotr and
indcPendme
ondilioG
to
change, parti.ul&ly
thc
th*
fo!
b@rc@i$ dd
&ohpliihDat
o o 5
E
2.
fte
bEau@ica
e
&
defici.ot
is nol a
0
E E
E
gcral
rqpow,
@(!6
ofal
cbmnic jn ihe
6 p g 6 6
e.^,t*"
uskiU.d lalor fo@,
noBlnnooncEoonoH
,n public $McB
E fr E sizbL poc*.r of sqinsry bighly ert@red ebdoyed-eno.ilE h.vc bdr edu.a&d g in lb w@g subj@rs or e rle pDdurs ofturgin l inslibtios. ne gag bdl{@ supply E
ard douand for espo$ible adniojslru v. F6rs
@ uivdrly .oDcdcd to b. oveKstr d in lh loer hnk wirh atrdda s, mssg.6, mitDr .lc*! &d othd. ft shorra. is in rai.d ddilisFd6 wirh Eegdol capacny, developocnht stjth, aDd lc hdcal @hFi.q. -Ir s u$aly Eflsrs & i@dequlr. .d!.arion l sygcn. A tr@bd of @@tri6 uh s patisla! ud hdi! nare
moog
dd
jn
nay rbe
es
w
tn
H H
is
Frn
!6
by
Ar
I U.t h.d b6t bols of ispdi.tis. Requieo.ns lading to fi leJiry rn a n.w Mlion l leguge or [E poLcJ d ,EJnins (jv,t sje msB m@r E cobider&o^ tuy sm y inrkne p,onotio*. NsmdB. dis$ars d othq I peeeel @noB within $e wie 4 wll 6 $c ord@r of bbires wio! agocy I
impaftd by.},rges tEl
crie'rere on
wirh which natio@lizalion of th. blllery is Frshed in the f@ of@fti@ins availabnity of tEincd foeign Feml duing r[. traNito, nd . d6F6le ab$tue of suibble lo.d Epla.d.nrg In uieds tuh IidoNia ldia, pakjsrtuL Bllm c!c, adnj,isEto6 who *ed duirg @lonid dat: baE b@ u*ililg ro sLyor haE hd th.n ctrediqr6s
ed by ihc nrgocy
rentu
fr
E E E
H|
rl.
oubid.
E
tus,ns rDn psynenl!
ro
compuon
a
on d lcare
FrD omci,ls
ro,
spdms
imp,siE
wies is a
E
E
O
phcmrcmn Dlrcmmmn
dana of
ow.
S@rioned bv
otroooooEloo6f,o
5r/ Q{d!-rt.y
s
I E S $
EI
sid noE si
i.diet
idinnio@lizd @dptioo
mr
$ft a rtul
nlrdor.
o
E!
l!:
^ -lm* -o ,od,rry rigniimt F&lie of using rhe pubric sryi@ s a $bsit!l. for d *o, *"ar o* or s a wy 10 cl'eve ft of wnplormdr Thb ,p!Em
tob
E rl E
s |l!
p
|ll
';l!i "!*
ffi E
oEoftn
'eagE
for
tuinr.itrilg
s4ts ofdnl
'tobtd
srd
ft. dplore
Ei El
oo the public
paynn.
Atdudr nem luvc io he found out for h&ding su.h rr,@teoins siet
b mphasr onql'lm
[!
H
nuch rJll@n ic eivity b ch@rdd Fodqiio E[ tomds ihe Eali,,riq of goals othq rh.o lhe &hjevcmat of progm objeti!s. The E fr r"o o-n-, o*u*, * eqdetre ofrl'e.a4 ovtr on deepsed vatues hon d no* CI g radiiioral paq *tich have nor ben hodi6.d @ic th. adoprjon or non.Fadnional
rhd
tth
didr{L rhar n,
s g I'J c o
o o
E E
EI
|.t fti
c @
S I o
sial stucrlc*pr"i*
r.t
10
slabs b&sd @
eirdon tulE
th,n
ehidaot
lint
r*t
oroi, t"t
"'i*
wrs
ij morhcr B disine."b-s .heehnic. lr is sts c.Id t(mdis Tb gsp beillH ep4ladoc od B E eiu,l B ctu h edniixy mrsked br .@rn8 tos dEr @ nor b. orlord. adc,prhg
4.
n E o n u o o u o o
ItJ
o u fa.l@in only parlialy tufrned. rh* 1q!dod6 e rcr E o &I S "u*, in *,r, O*do*a si.r,6 s Ftue ed rh. uniEd sr,r$. HoM\d. lhe ncr of u ,e e o e oGoo6offioE[a0@oEu00ff meffi uffi ixunuopppnuo og
A!du.ri@ l,|sels *njch in
eMmer Ect'l&ob
'har
quiedy
blpNd. tuominc
pmsm
tor dere8rLion o,
ar dE
@!r.r or
o E o
e.6.to.6
oooffimomnno
'mrd h.v. ds Ericlal
shos hazrdos for
in ?.J{isl6
ed
Inditu
&l
io
oth@i*
of
q!:lili.<l c!did:u6
available
EH
i! @iiing md
r\.
lllen, tis ody dimilishe th. avaihbl. supply for politiel Fni6'
prlss
wly
gluF
!d
private
siors" in n
o o o E GI p o o a
EI
rn
5,
of
The
bt@ctry ir
qltich
a developihS
si.ly
n*w
nil. by and
FI
I'l
opdlionol
allomy.
by ihe @nvqem@ of
senl foes
at work in
6 Mdsly
@i. euB
nario!.
TnG
eh
qFn
$ $
tt'.
u*,
r',"
"
Dasn in
the
rchaiel aaeni* au
t*tus
E E $
GI
si.'y
n* -o
capabl. of
conptn8
o, a or rnposine
cl*
@nmls ovd $e
budc@)
s o t0 o E o s o o o o o o o o n
o H n o o o o o
t o.** - *
. pand
es.
pow velM
E
o
n-sh @b|es e enrnc iddrfed ard adttoned in fi* $ "d"'i,lilo,,ire fr *icrl* tr mlutor re er winitr8ly .4pr.d. IrE izsile iibnc orgod utdl s otla
E E I
Id
iEdeCua b por< de adniosElmn iiom th. cold wintA ofFr-ider6r Reidl chiel JGtie ComliN one
so
xeEssed his
disdrfactio.
with wh.tev*
in!rc\tlMis
thnt t6ve
fo ben mad,
swies comision,
o n
Sl
<l{it@'.l.y
e.-*.,6
wi6
.nd
he
eid rhd
oft *6
s@1 @rgc of
had
m{
ben able to dal wilb, ed rhar it muld GquiE wi$ .trd c@6n @d.slldins of ih.
sDial @nditim of @h sEh
wic.
Ft if oFy r@
to be
ltsd6d
in lhc
orEI
haw
Efom
in dftloping
sieri*
bcn that of inpmving ofli@ ptucrdws, l.avirg oul nre hlllm Etato4 side of
adninist ior altoe.th6.
The
$!.d
ihe
pbc.d6
to lhe
ula
'ning disea.d of dercloping tlE capa.itie of om.ials io d.d.fratirely *irh p@ple. MEh
So
fd,
p.opus
DilisBl.
b n*r
lb
rqui|lmls
lhc
of a dElopile
sicty,
M@h wiu,
hokE,
pcMs
now in
pow
in
&*
widi.s
irn@ cd in dc
adwmol
of thcit
so.ieti6 N aea'51lbi.
elf-advemor
Aner indeperdtre,
weEl cl)misio$ dd
@miiters
\@
appoinied in
0!e si.ti6
harc mt
!o suggst adminisl,alirc
d.
10 o
Efom,
The
epons of mosl of
thw slmissiou
b6 inplddt
la4t
ofintdBi
in
It$tL
Unlc
ii md.
of modm
lEglEls
$ial
$i@, siology .rd 'rnniens bw. nE is a a slrlt litd ap!@iatio in lhc higlE ri6 of [email protected] rt dtsing
.doinilradoc poljricsl
'
66ffi
[AEffi
Std
<U,rx'.Ly
e.-t-o
Gd6 to
$hd6 of ininidltiv.d4.lopftnt
l.8ay inldittd by enc
The adnini5f?nive
si.ts
,ru
&d @dtd.hcck ed
elut4r.
F]
11
'n@
is a gE n
o(rt wim
n*
and
hl ttl
!u
S@odlt
*id!
gult
di$ h.t@n
high.r
bllta|tfuy
and
poliliciN. 'Ihen
Frqwnt shiflrng of sigmnb ale Dh6 oJE6 of s'tlAl.va tecrnic.i c@ldne lhcy @uld eauiE
otr a
technical dnd
prcfsio.d
mplorE
thfflv6 c
ar a
s!d&y
The nisionc
nplEb
on law
ad qdtr dd
Hru
@lenon @ntnE in
soft govment ,
daluion
wrt
is vi.tually nonqislent in
dereloF.d depdtndts,
atciuted cbiin
and
I!
tt f
peis
addi a note
8g!i
i! rctEima
@dnE
ro
ndtiply.
S$ral
@eh6
fic
@ied
our
i! I!di. dctled
of
lbar
@ulry
lEld
i! lEs
eovm.ntal dpdi.M
o'!d
BFNibl
for
l*t
off
fdte
lo
.s|'l <U"b-...,
fiilw
g.-k
ro
dEir
!o
@v.n
golffir
of
to
l.t
sdiouly &.
i6Fov.@@ts
@Eood.d
by
c.misiois.
$m Flitiol ead.ts .hte di.cl6.d rbn qBirc Gliac pL.d in d.rlopi.g soci.lica @ asLrd. ffiirdioa ro dr di&wad of 's otlF f*iou in s.lctim of otr6 fd civil sie.
TtF
ilBltsrtis
o o o o
drady
low suDd.rda
TL
i! difrcmr 6dB
of
sjK to $idity i, Prblic S.dic. GFt dbpriti.. qin in tb. elai6 of Fblic w.I|!, Oppositc Fim of !i* is dely epuL! rg.d rld diftrqE of oFinion il
Mr. ,lcicc Shdt
hdd4 biEelf
Efcrd
lo lhi!
c em
hw
th.
lln
sd
nEl
rh.
qljdr.
*c
oGild.d,
qno
Mod of you
siti6.h!.d
e v![
boM &lhiriB
$.ir
8d r!! Fun
hlvc ob6d!&d
th .6 *td e urkgrldud.
ofvid *ticn
',ltilc
di$Bs.d r poitn
sn . .latid lh n s cld
*no c@
tc
lCS,
mpkx
w
him
@y
Colle-tois
Gort .boI
hin gB
lh'1nsddnt
ra,@!
troe.'
S
In thce govdmdlis
publicily.
nl'b.r.t
r
e pl&.d
3.^.rno
socities,
cubs
on ftnom of alowtd
dp6ion.
Onty Ue
@jbM of rtrliticd
of
Ilt
.orie. Tte
[email protected] foMs
ta
q ir FFns
having rimjied
u o
sieti4 i!
bdng alor'
Efm ir
in
Adiiniltzliol
This
ase6
d
rblt
is a
wlc@.
rhe
3ie!.
elrly
td
advdiilioB, &isin8
lbe
d.4
.!d widbln ey
brcodcr
siM d6d
to
@sidn
n&dpoidl.
w ned 1o bak
and
tehnolog/, indusEi.l
tu"'g@or
dgicuhnl Erh.<lq
ht
abo
pld
for rb
efieiiv*s
&dd6 e
dd
olt
'ft.
d.rcloping
si.ti.r ll]as
@ ilstibli.g
nMbd of f|Glsic to
the
anain
@iioi.l
@w
ofrhe
lar
b.ing @Nid@d
3 villl
fr.16
in
@Imic a gDed
ard
sial ,[ogd.
grEnf,nnnsoffif,nn
In
Sud Ql't|rroy
e.-.1.,.
sidl dvill)tltMr [email protected] {E
dEl atEerd his an fiioo
o g
GI
th.
1960s,
o E s g
E
|pJ
bul!&atic
the
develoDtrHl in Pakistan.
EE
abeM of a @nptitiv.
virtrDB; dc
sjslaa
of car!
tuu.al
s E;
lll t!!
tll
b'Mutuy
in sresons!
k d6 ! n, n sd Iv
de.ads
g g
of disLict
of inidadw, th.
ihc
It o
An
dguqt
ffig.d
which
eD.dns @Gidwd 6d in
DoE t!9.d in
deilopi.g
th harlds
sieii6,
of
v|ricb ha
cliG,
b@tic
hieNy
co|Mtitad ir Sirc of
. snbh@ ot
sLblishn nt
aDd in
strNtE al(l
the d.l.gari@ of
alleged,
$n
E o E F
afian!, it wa
frth6
dpditd
dd
the
mt
mdwiw
of&ndnric irditnions,
n did mt
evd
a
6urt
@6petor
ed
kll-
o4&jz.d blltall.@y
to
dintd!
'!
o o o q o o o 6 E, 0 E o s 6
.shl q{d'.'.|.!
!
e.-*c.
Domlott
alt d.cilion n ldng oI
steng brd.ncy io
tundioB of
!o delimit rb.
+irliss.
si4i6
M.v.abb6i
dN nm
ro cur
vods:
"1h*
lhd lhey eE, 661
and
@ied6 harc
nictDncd rldilioMl
siciiB
which
ElNhlt
prhs
do
. o daBds.
Ufcwis in
"Medeir flle'.
fiiDl viclory
htu
Taken in brcad
ul
the
of&netuy
iowed ihe
ed of
l8rh
he
sil qi$s
in
si.ty
ofdigio d
not, h.
ba
douh
!6id.d
d.Elopi4 S@iti6 dE to
on
$n of foEi8! mlmial
has
Me dtuieg
So
fd 6 P*istan
is
@Mme4
the
lmddin
ba
t6ing his
Flnilfu
dE
sitldily wilh tb. choge of ihory &d p{rpos of adminisrFtioD si@ and
of
ahicltlHr
irdcFld..e
i!
th.
raliddor
is
b.i!g
bda b
|4on
ldminisrratG
tal dE
b rc moD
air of
ampdon a 8lm
fac, a
jaw
ad
dn.,l6
has
bar dE Iroodo6
golemc fretioN
Shl <l{dl.'...r
politicd ealitica i5 qplained by a
e.-*-"
est inc.ase
g
tr
q 6 5
ii
food Pto{hEtio4
by
tullDrtation ard
@uicaiion,
by
ilcrc
of fomal edu.atioo
ad
dcvelopoe s oflrhli"ltion
$d
l9l ilrl
s s E g s o 5 c
of rh.
lrE8i9
e
that
for
of poFJ,Iim gro*lh
tlE
inclle
suppoir
th6 . tladmill
efelt
Colrcl:rl@lal cfrod! to
IlI
lu !!l
KI
tg
# U o !1 o o
ed qicnd
agricultue.
tesportatio4 idNtrialtation
dd populaijon plMing
assMing
a
H
fd rlia@
to th.
oo ihc dsiEs
A rhird ph.l1l)I:r.Im is
peice,
is
s |a
&d
&[
5 o d
E[
&mds
of ihc p@ple
Hovffi,lb.F
Io gduirc
sitieiq
public,
c.llmiwi !d
o o
$Fie
10
$ public
eEsl.
q !i 6 s o o 6
t*o dd.ds b
coNiolss,
DEhitu to
It pl@s grai
sh*
on lhe
debilit dd qulity of e
a
administ liv
,qr the b@l)@y ha beohe moe fmibbl. ft. b'|IEltfuy !6vid6 a $@ @t only of Acts dd s qFi.@ hn ale of id.as ad shliB lo public g Fobltr. I'de4 h @y f.l\ qcn 6 5 lhe ilidradv t qEndy 6G Aon th. adDinistltir sgdi6 of gov.@@t, Bln it i!
ujnlnpld
p.riod of
aw
sial odq. Os
0 o o n o 6 o tr g e
e 6 E g e o E 6 q 6 o n l'l o 6 6 s o o E! e o
sliU
ide
E,
o o
ct
tal
6 g
Ab[si "D.ElMat Adni.ituion .d rlr Alnhifief Pibtu A'lbirituiv. Sqlt c.lllgl QD.frly, vdM. Iv, Nc I
"M.w.
Sh/ <Uitraa.r
3.r*.,G
dtinurlly ssming
te.Licat ch@cl dd
ij
doutad
tdmlo&/.
with
@c isu.c 6 gMtci
wih 8rc*ing
d.partunG
&d cotF|aiN
dFMr .
sdd with m couldrparts ouls'de gov.l)mnr. In spite of allrhis, tE public sdi6 onrinN to b.
golqy of !r!.ti.rlly all of a ntions @pltional pl|Nrs and o4di"td muld rle
dtlrnodd
@cpr
of adninisFdid B
qeocy. Ihe sllbltulboi policie! do oot dhibit a CEnuhe &d sitt@ ug.
minlsin
adDidi$Eliv and
p.Mel
s *dl s
Th.
ounB,
ElGr.dr
@Dfm with
ibE
on4-tire wilt 6d do mi
rDw
inio th.ir
ir
d.hift
rhal pubtic
objediB
*llrLd
by
iNtG, intolcl"e d
vies of
w&l
of
pdnwy lo
r!,har hc
. @rwo6, *r.
do6, &.ls no
ss4
rrren
of pubtic a<lmilifarion,
ro
ba
si6,
gosls.
ilrM
thdn against
insddity ed
ou
FMeq
srsEns.
.9r/
Cedin8
Q{rrwery
e.-*.,.
go@t
cdls for
$eo
!o thc nee4s of
6odm
dif@r foft
p.Mml
lhoe rhal
ft Ihedrc@5Lm6
of lh. olodal
tuE
#t
cn4. u
pubtic
s.*
d.Do@lic
go@@r
A tdrd.ny h6
b6
notcd io vj.w
eovcmd @ptoyrEt
6. sr
ro
of
gieeti.
,o rh.
,"t
dtustrury
o u
GI
offopubrio4
rhoe h need of
rhe vjew of the
lhb
nili\
Sovemd a M
rc,
acqnie lle
wi@s of
highly qualificd pRos, rnds ro gr lcn. tatriculety in tims of s@ial ard conmic
siB,
rn@
eEat
pBsG
!o
@ $c go$m@nt *dicc
on dE pn of
rndency st ss
gm pdpl.
b
rblr if
rc,
@W[
il is ljP to sov.mEnr
previde rhen
! h&eova A.n
Sr"/ q{d'r.r.,
e.-a-.
Corruptior
Ch'p.er
Four:
Th Cultur. of
IJ
Developitrg
o c g
llj tg
L is al@iry how
o$e
ise
adnirjst
ion avoid
ey sioE Ef6t@
to ihe
fd
witss
do
&t
s g
E
bur its
cLvde
'tt
o E e
!o
t'l
sios
s g
g
E[
of
E E
t 6
g E o 6 o o 6
mFim
eneeele
,n
It is oberved lhatlhetim. ha
om
nE,
e g
Tlis n -*e.gry
dd @@lid.iior
ile 6uid
political i6talility,
dmsds r.6io$ dd
The
o c E o g s
@
M
the
of public
ofia
for priva!.
pactie tud
ro have
qc@notu
fcw dd
u-cmlBivc,
oui
b@alml
stro is rcl
hoM
fd poie s !.he
o ts o 0 o H p
E
H
is
finny buil
ifi.
ii
o pFvat @mplion
ard th.
eniod
E, o tn
with,
ihey
d.@e only
sD
10 sprEd cynicisn.
out, hn wiih
Pqiodicrllt &tsmPtior
m
lasting
6
EI
mpajgls @
wagd
ed omcidr @ lcFn.d
.fet. CmFio.
o o g
tI[ounuonntnn
hls im@sd io seh
@blic
St"/ Q{lrrary
3.6Jl''.
ofl5fl!noo[nrnon oa
H
o
6 odat
rhot rh.
cgdty
of
sni.6.
It ha s@!d
to lhoe
lalr
E E
EI
@Npic@Bly
dbst
Complion is mi @nfned
hi@rhy
but
ffi
Fm&
mn
jMIB
ilE la4d
is
mud
epet
tuMriotrs, @n4tid
ale obvios ud
o o o o o
ul fi o
o n ti.t
mo@ii
lop
Artund @Nptior
@mo!
ad6ilillltiolr
thcrc
ih.e is
ls
be
vqlih
!o
isulca.,
otrcirls, ed
l&8e
Fn
oft*
for
liv6 in mde
villaees,
ftw
@aio6
bdbery and
be
matle. It is mt,
*d.,
al
Kmhj,
tha! !r QEtta
wbo
hlE
8oE
tlIowh
! supra*tnrtle
oI Wcncn adnids
&d
sts
Lchnicsl .xpeni*
ed impdtonal tarjorality in
vrlB @d!sE
Flia@
and
Sa/ <l{rr.'ly
6|rf
e.^.h.6
Eq rh.li@fuFle6'@drsnldyor@mrtionbbult.'j@yed I
crNif.d
inio
go\elmd@
thr souF
H.*,
$
rrirtota
*"*o
palculd
I E
g
-o
H
$i
E
$
*::"***."b@nairzte6,neexpo@oi@trlrion*Enywithinquit
+""in" "o'"rt,
fr
I
pi $
3.
dc nor seem stul!o clN,6 ildi* s !o whdher o, not *", o. t* --odon q$r pobbcal or b@l!fuc wcllB or $'be0F dey
socioloeic,l dal).es. lt
fr
H
."..ort-*ptotrr&yorllsfomsiso@u$dlydirficulrl!{rr
"*
t**'6
*"*t
D dB pubric o, he
Fin'.
sero'
Moi ud r is
E
E
**"*."
,"occa
$l 6
p fi fi
,,m"r, b
"*
ha hen
@nd!c@d
$ $
H
E# u_
E! 'fu
in I -u**, *. - *".**lerisica dnd en nt ofconupdoi 6 b ove bddrg rhe I o*r* .r @ruflDn e ne6qib sec'et'vc. ln racl sdv ott be de0niule $! u lt de nudy of nosl siar lr,sss the sdrv or "n*-*"t*o*'cm.! E th't rh* Fdi6b.idcndfd beroc d.vdbc cudied -^* o"** -"* E|
ar+""r-" r"o"* FM !
turbodoloscd
"mpr
Edv
E
fr!
poilllofsd.
dE ptDblm Dwlved
E
cmpio,'Balbor. Bem.d .nd Be(on Litd. BEmsdco.1s7r,
SE
ad
Ink.le. pe.7.2e
sEb'litv
ad s:qtl|ch.ng6
S g
StrJ i{rtD..&y
e. *-c
litely
rhar
Unfortunat ly, it
ffi
nosl pubtic
dpolm
of @m{,tid will
Th
b., if ml
mtiv.ied
fdced
by
p.nis
potitiqt i!tdrs3.
ttgchd
probld
GI
b thftfoe
jln
of
id.ntitilg cmDrio
and
djes, bul of
This
dssing
the
ecllrrc.
ey
FI
EI EI
of erl@lilg
$llc
is, of
@lN,
by oo
m.6 Fuiid
to lhe srudy of
oFpiiotr
rt
Howd,
the ptubLn is
for
sody of bl!@qatic
@mptiol Fd qepL.
3lrndad higqical
o o
h$ diriciz.d
He
hi$od$ FFsnl
dual
baed
prebld
dy seh bi8, s
*[
e.p!rinsdal&
ed
th@ericat diflicultis
the
M]mr
vrb6
pqiotls of histoty.
e o.ly bc @sidered wirhh th. oliF frmM* of ihe $cieiy, which prodl6 it Ssidics clsgq a do md@ of mdily and ves of tb. FldiostiF
b.t*6
p6ple ed th.i.
i..itutim,
s@iotogy ot coruprbn,"
Mclirr,'
'soors.n snd Rlom*. CMr S6de Felom Herdorrrmsr, Amtd J., d. Potiict Codltion:
6|0nn60e|onoen6
Str/ <llar.r..ry
e.a*&.
mno0offinffiffi oo o
dlal hisiofic.l sbdi.s oI
6 g 6 0 o 6 d 6 6
c tr
out ef@tively
Hu6dield's lh.sis
i!
@mflbtr ca@r
be
@i.d
udss
the
concepts which
iitelrigible
o o 6 o G! EI g g
EI
within
of bjs
te
inrdigald 4
eI6
ps.
c G e c |lJ
G
oM lirc. Alholsb
ro the study
sir6
by
|:! IT
G'
-oul
i.
6
E!
rlevet
ofconlrion
in 0E
pest d
G
l!:
a i!
thc
e 6 EI g g 6 ct o o G
tll
c s
The iudy of
n ln
Ei
sludy of a @mpdslive
o
H g e o o E a g
&I
E! E}
choge noh
pl@
to place
d@ rljzllion
DcliritioE:
/15
with
nhy topi6,
s,hich tave
rct
bcn
$bjeted to ifielsik
E E
lsd
tr
s 6
o 6 g q 6 g g
tr
o Frductircly in dy i.&med disNion. This Fpbtd of dctnirim hs bo a8ava&d g o by dr f4t tE! if siologtts harc psjd Fladv.ty ti(l. aiLndon ro thc sbjet in Ilql o y6, o 0tos in oth$ dieipli*s have giE rhe bpic a fair dout of {$idaadoi.
E
AnlhreDologisls
ad potiticd sisiisls
haye prodsed s
gqt d..l
ofmal.riat
on politicat
drupti@
an
Irir
o o o EI p o o o H o
@Dpohnv
tmnqon
(smclsd,
l97t:lt).
bcr
E ,c E
Rading. m
and
wcro,
1970,
snofi mouoffi
anffi oo6no|nsonuno600600
Sl,/ <Uilr'.t.y
sieti6,
lhe
ihc
g o s e g g o o 6 g s e o ttl q
E
rm
b.havior csultins in
6 n 6l 6 o s 6 fi
ti
,d.viet, heaw it
H
E!
rhoughr ro
isqit,
in a
*i.tr
FI
(Frie&icrl
c c
FI
gisn olicial
power, is indued 1o
his pow.r a
hvd
$bichever individuat
grcup
o
6 g 6 ts a llr q g g o E 6 o tI o ts o e t g
ff
plolide hin *ith a rw&d, Ibes. denniioB indicate ihlt cotuption rc1 only
noEtirt srd
s in
injusric, bm also
lubrtc
ihe objarivB
of
Sone
d.fujftB
chrocle.isric
of @mpdol B4tey,
auhority
fd .mple .L66
or
o q o o &! o 0 o p EI o o
Itl
s a 6ull
of c@id@tio6 of
be
norelary,
E
ItJ
rrF ofd.inition cd
o
H I'l
viobtion of dury
a civil
wei
lm
disld.
is
slill guilly
en ad oE
Bhich is widly
follo*d
in rhe
a public omcial is
6mpl
j{ h. a@pr. mofty or
tnal ne is
o o o 6 E o n
H
bt
mot! wofiI
udd
duty to do
eymy,
bdd
o
GI
duty not io dq or to
FI
St"/ <l{"t"-ary
E
g.-*e6
q
t!!
6 n 5 E o e E e 6 o
E
adveDtag.
ofdawing atqlion
10
locsiblc
div.ig@
aiB
of the
Ifu
|!l
ofl:cial
s6
his
position to delibdn
ly
adw
nis
FsMl
icm
of lhis
u n |!l o g
s 6 u 6 6 n c s g g e g g c 6 d g
A lhtd defaitid
duri6 or
a pubic
sa6s
@ruption
6 dy
tleviarion:
'fion d. fomal
privdL cliqk)
e F.r
tll
|q
Ei
lole
b@&
of pdr"L Egardins
Fcuiary
or
slltu rris:
-Iris
&finiiid irclorLs
by a
t: n s o
EI
my
b claisifi.d
6 @dF x,ns
lhey @
Nt nolivd.d
&sie
for
FMDI Sair
g
E E
6mil
il
the
mn.W.g.m
co@pl
s s o
*dld.
Howvr, lhis
vi*
by
e o o 6 g 6 e 6
pa.ties, Ukc
subvcdon of
f(re
qial
on comptjon
,!
ft
is P8id iD
d6e d.fnitiG
th. eeFal
ilt Gd
!o ahich tor
ortpr
E E g
Fa.ti6
violdc 0F nl)lm of
sidy.
App.qdy, dE Fincilal
tlen
t li6i.d
g lt o &t u E 6 6 o o g
EI
a crlMdnurl
o g o
@ @
ADd NepofnD
6 @ e
o H u o E g o g o
w
&d
is
of lhcm
**"H
e.6A.'o
nilt ml Esdded, by n@y
nor Eealde4
b@el!!,6 a
mi@
dE
@u6
of dE dcp&6lal
thl1 th.
available
10
hows,
{c
show ihar
a
advN &rid
dictabsniA leainll
cdpton
only d!
si6
6
siddd
mc
ad
multi-dinmioral ariet
this evil.
Codupti@
Ene$ ir etu
cls
norhing
purchAirg oflicial
ufmjliE silh
his dui.s
my pnw
is
ew
of ldge profi1
ro
Gmpulou
bc
dealds. As
6ncd.d 6
privar. advdtag. @y
$!eh
tu
. Ia eolha
ce
lhe
sirllid
doror
sover.lMr
is b.iog
d.trud.( d
be
e.t sU lo hirelf
wic.s
bse.t
s
nrE
rwily
i.s oDdiog
rhc
rp
rBc
PalisLn
for
lt!
dh
politis of
hs horilaled
Com.nr
ro jnslnutiohali&
ned
most of ih
con@
.sl.l
<Uiir.r.t.y
e.-**"
!d
odF foD of qnDdor
for 1be
stil prliccd in
a
Fie
is
b.ing
esdirl
in
m$ tyF
i5
oI
g!&
fanly obviou,In rh
@ p.s$d only
rh
give sd th.
bdbq
10
Feivs @ Fsen!
bribc.
Thc
or perhlps
b@y p6s
tbrcu8h
oG or tso hads
privilegc
toh
td$ of&
my
be
.bptoyd
erc oc6ioE.
he.
did.B a
posibtG is
to b. nade ftoD
be
tE
ndds
fal*, o@ Euemy
kep(
h
oblri!
erryday
lif.
@G
!:N off6
f,tb
lbe
ihen dnnoriry
ir o.da
ro
u dtrajMre
w @mirc
of adDiDilratw
cmpd6
he
in
i.ms ora sIwr rylD Esads hi! public ofli 6. a busim, thc iMm of s,rrich
will
sk
10
Imini@. 'IlF otrce tha b@mc! $e "marnnjzin8 uit, . -IlE siz of his ir@ne
uetulns
for rh
ci)md
e@d brlt
Mkel sitution
nAinal Sai! on
cuft.
.!@ lhd
a panicula
patftnt in mofty
rrr'e
16 ir
culo6,
@d ihe
onnrHruogdlEtrffi0of, oononn6ffi
$ElEEoff ffi
Sr"r Q{"r-'ary
e.^*..6
pdibitiq @!6ign onrriblniotu jn suh
,&
not
tg
d u E E g e o g n ff s o
th.
siiodg
o e o g
lru
ttl
D.v.lopn
Auihority
bel6,
Recruirnnt Dr!.ti.!s
i!
N .l$
inlluered ty snnib
@sidddiN.
e tat 6 p;
t*
!T
me *tldlq nplortd
rhcir
in GLrion io legislaros,
fl
lli
EI
ad "bosi *@isirg
alromDN
in all
pow of Mirilg
bodi6 h is
rh
Fi
@D6d6d,l Epotu or
.mplo,6
of
or
Mi{roblfu
s.ft d sI lacls
of
Oovtueot dd
tuftrioc.
llF &r
of bnb..y,
i@tuding rtoF
of
ql@tion ud tai.ing, is
pm
rherc
ir
Nty
@nsEDr.d
hoe
FI g c g o c o o o
GI
o g E! fi d
llJ
rnar. by . @@eaid
b.rt
tbe pL 4S0
!o
PeSm
nu.do
or it is
ftletion
rhe
ComisioF
!6sfd
6e tdn
S*sioi! Coun b
otrcirl
is given "good"
ad publishB
!!.5@
tin6 ad@ug6
ID
bka ofhis
fMid
ncdr
and
h. my in
uy be'@!d'io &e!l.
@m@ial rE
ms
of dE es6.
hovwq, bdb.y
is s @ld-blo.dd
s.lio.
vdi
[c@i!g
stF* lqr|l@
o o tg H g o o o 6 o 6 o 6 E o
is
hjgh, A
tu
o TlJ
o
if.
@p6ien onribrtio!
@r oadt_ Th.
Snr 9{.,tr-.tty
3.r*d.
rDd of th. Sp6ci.l
Datid Adninbrdo
dE
lolic. E$blilhds Ey
' Shds '
not
not
cla|'e
fff
issrc
Oft6
ofD.dicil. CctrifioL
or
ifd.t rBrcliE
@in4
jusly
A Dthaine
!o dcLr
D6rnar
dc if 9m gdujty ir Ft fodhming.
qulifotioa
!d
Ed
0r
o ill 6 o
.lpoinriig rdlority.
th.
Ih.
.sffir
rlE
Frfor|ll.*
of
polic
odorB
usdly
iit6
of$btt
ry.
lwlFB !@n of dai! t DGr@ of bdry aholuEly lotd !o PlnEipol eti|sl in ..d4l fld bcilg incnl d baEfitii8 otrs.lf Thqt, r cl|rraidc &dE cb5 lo b. raldy lo rh. !s. 10 *tic5 @
,IlE
TIE
sl puF*
brn
for qnich
poq'q.d.urt ri9
of
ie abusd i5
aluys
lGDl
!.@r
Nor
or y ihc
c6r
'ielf
d$ rlt eu'c.d
Gftcl
Eilcd
Tn
sisr.F
of p.tr@
govor@d
jot
P.rjne
atrrdoll.l
AiliB dplole
*!
srlnd.d in
tlit
rF highd{la FEoE h this s.rlii& It Gf@, .ll tlE *tivilid thd wdd b. cdiddrd ' otd! ' @ftFid @ i&drd
FsriD hisjob @uld rct set ii ultil hc mbiliz.d
prc..dG @ly @t
d in
dot! gead
sial rd.liortip
Sl"l <l{"t*.r.y
3.6*a6
I|fftsgaEaa@o
Fmir sigriftut diticin
of
8of infomal
sial
of lhe witdy
pEvalat
Egsded
!@ric s
n?olis ad
th.
D@h*
or
Fird
mea@
6 o o s c g o o tal 5 rt
ed
it D
l't
L.,l L.,'
Egdd il
only b.
eu!.d thbug
FJ
Hieha
st{i6
dd p@i@
A v6r
in
lher$lils
of
i.eficidi
of
boftsr
*rnini#ti.n
mjdig
fd
olmirl
ou
thB
purFs
F&ticable to
ltuioc
ro
diplonrric
ttNN
swi6
Th. civil
dvloping
wice
aneic
rhen Oe
@neio(slB,
nE* ctsss
rsgading
rhe
0Fnslves
had ihe
ngh to pl@
lael
rules,
ey
the
sp@ifi.
sryice io th of
{r]lmbjly
bui
mohe6
wi6 dteiain.llh. Fti6 of rb.i oM wfu}Fs ro ihe cl)muity, rh.y dbu8bl of a m or Is mtllhylic.lly bas.d @n1rM good ed l@ incliled 10 @sider then privnaed lsiiion a . Fquisir. for ih. F.valcnr sid ddq_ ftir mdrlity of rbe civil sni6 grrdually l.d ia n@bqs !o b.lie da $ey rc aiiil.d
the
to a
clltair
@ ntio.lly
ilt@6
No
.Stil g{d'd.r
J.*t
o,o
Fivil.g.,
te
'ia
of his itlcom
sas
nux
Gwn
doiirbing
oMCBhip of hi|!ti.8s
scrit66. .bour rhc $s.t! ald .bout tb. d bL,"L,r RrrdDi.di, p.d.*r, trlbc ad Kshi ud
'mulr
of
taryon bBilK
in lb.
lrc
n d$q!
of frnily d
hd!,
e.d.
g o E o
bmru
t ainti.S dctudt {d 0E p|qilirs lditudd lhi! lrns Frricdldy LE ha!s. n s d jur isdr t tsd jrlc bd rh. buildirs of! ft(ne h . FbtiEly 3hori Daiod ofd@ in od6 ro dlq c! &!.-"r.rrs
of
!o
vio
gdd.rM
widDu havilg I
mrk
ds
linutrleB
rstlh @ roll.d
dd|rnd
by
posibiliti* fd
s.nior pon
dd spply
dly .
|w otrc
buyc. of s
contiluing eol@ of
i!.oh.,
bur
si.V
i! *tich
e a ycr cg.d.d 4 . Fivit.g. of rta mbitiry, dE aquisitio. of s ofra rle hor 3 .dv'Em6r in so.id 3t rN, For rll.
rh. holdinS 4<l of6@
q@i$ ofe
politici..
It
rbc
tw.!d
thi!
ltli.d
ofotrc
offiq i!
{d il! inp*r
on rhc
.9,/ Q{',t-.lry
o s 4
e.^.LN
rg
u g
!l
&,
oflic* lo favoriics
ex@ie of
The
s I!
iE g E!
6
E E
qudified
FmB.
tg
*l.!tion by
|M
c o
6 g o ct o u g tr o 6
E
distrou
pbe ofrudonrdon,
ro the
enich
P.kiskn is ud.rgoing
di@gatd of hiSIFr
ir would
g
tu
nsil
od inemcidcy dd
tu
I 0
o o
lll
lJ:t
6 o G 5 6 6
EI
E E E
6!
!3
ompno!
by th.
cntllal
offe
stion d cl.i6
lo be
lo .liminale nepotis md ro
6
@
pmgms of hcrit-orinted llmiinent rhai is hqi suiled to rhe netts oI opdmm go.l
c G s s o
G
Fdwrion of a
si6
of oew
ofi6
for dE
*leled
rhe
and
6r!B
o g g
ttl
Ite my
dilcllm
o E
o g 6 o o 6 o o o
E
rhe
@ruirn
ll
of a
@nLalikd burcaucr&y
|lJ
s s s
* d g
6
o s o E} g
Part Thre
The Case ofPakistan
ti
t!!
L.i
s G[ s n
s sl
tt
bl
q o o
E
q g
o 6 E o o 61
tllt
I'l
6 g g o I'J 6 o o o o o EI o E o o o n o d 0 o o E 6 a o
o o
Srr <l{"o-.rt
3.-!tr6
o F!
6
ffi
EffiOdOffimnosf,no 5 g c 6 Chrprers: Tbe Pubtic Adni ..rariv Syltem h prkturlr a g e 6 D.D@racy rd Militrry Rule: e
6 g g e o 6 n o e g g 6 g EI 6 a c e o o 6
@
c s
EI E:
a
G
b.rercund
public adeinilF.lire
c c o o c
Fiod.
It
c
o o G o o g g c o G
a,
rhe
a
H
KI
.dninifialio
goqnl@ht
fouddio
{i6 br
diminish
0r
ihDortde of this
Fbd
In<to-pa*isr.n.
pLa
io
$.last
pan
The Brilish
onqu.st of thb
@
By
6nlry
by *trich
bad
ihe
yas
dEr
the
sll*nE
of Bririst .dmi4ijErion
i! tndjr
been developed
md
rsred
rhal
endn @nce/s of
w vdl d!bti.[e4 atihough the Blitish did adjFt Mc pr&ti ro trt'c p.rf@ of th* nDdioN sued by a gdEstbt dMted idninistEror.
@
additrjsdiion Subseque
o o n it fi 6
o
eniends ot rh.
srsleD
duiig
{r
elir
h
India
pdlirioned
thoMd nit
ms
*ni
&id
.Ste/ <l{'J-r.Ly
g.^*.'.
sigbl
led tlar dteftls ion fie Aralia So io p.@ptio. mu|liD F.ts within Rssi!
and
ofth.
rypicol fsmily
ed
Mor
o
AI
iil
til
&@ula!ts, civil
paniiion in 1947
wa
sMts,
and
EI EI
p
E
demy,
tit
adni F.tio..
The
ruld
sub6t
fmtbokl
lhft, slD*ed
ftn @ en
(hc wesr.
for the
n*
cotu6
by
Mdy
h!d. lsd
n lll o o o o o 5
domimt in
th
colmc.
In time
bur
the MNlim
inc@ingly ihey sNed lbe greder innulrc. ofth. ltinds, IlE Mulibs
as a
fedrd thar
ninorily group in
fl
indep.ndenl md d.mocrltic
lrdi4
forever to a
sco.dlry Fsitio..
dd
w*
epdte
dnd
@jority of tb
citim e Mulihs.
$c srtuctuc ol gorctmd clag9d
very
litd. !r
B dilbl$al, haded hy dE
hcld by lh Briris'h
Govmr
Str.a
i{rtrarv
w wd
ale
both
e.-*4.
a
Prim. Mhist r
ed r cabiei seleftd
body
by
a.
o$dtmion @tjng
&d
6.
A
61
cleii6.
B !pFi!r!d dimost
sc oAeizdi@, prbcdlc, &d polici.s 6 hrd pevsild f@ e t@y y6 h India Tte do8ad.d bdDls of ,tu adnilistntve [email protected] thlr had betr us.d in lndi! *ft folovd in P3Ust6.
p.lji of lst
6isLdc
10
adoF tle
ri E} o EI o o o
til
fI lffg.ly
and
to two
edor nosl
bu@FnB *io
had
bcq !!@bds of
l[.
Indi. Adir
Moh.dtul Ali
Minister of Pakisirr). For a tine an r p.nidoi ihe land @upicd thc uiq@ posilion
setariar
Prim.
od al$
esrblishncnt @rel!Iy,.rd
ldvis
10 tbe
Minisld. Iae politic.l ladc6-M'ihdold Ali JiinaL Liaqu Ali lha!! dd oth.6
w6 p@upied
thcy
dd
l.t adninjstnlion
iDll*re
parti.ul&ly grel
beaw
thc diniaB
w*
inqpdidccd &d
their
legislative
Chain nalic
GoEnh.
S,z
R{"to.'ary
e.-.a-.
Ur.
oktal6,
Aug8l
10,
@ sMh
jn
thc 6s1
lh.c.ia
Liaqual
Ati
Mintnr. O! Aug6t
Duing th.
copins
19,
8ov@r
the
Ely Frio4
inflow
wilh. vat
orEfues
swivd
ir!.li li
wa ibu udcBtardable
lt
S.ptanbcr
ons!tullon n.@
fd @nsdrurion s ldop|.d. No m FtioEl elarioB ard rhir B to prove djst oB for rhe 31aG.
1956 thlr
tlc
Evo
thouSh rh.
ambly w$
legislaiing
in 6
ed .onslilulion-naking
On
y6. "
costiiulion
prenuleaicd in rhc
@urr,
bur wiih
VstuiEte! sglc,
!
d,
si.8lc
chdbd LghllrN.
Th
Natio!.t
Asblt E
rsRd fo.
@Bisr
IOO
dnE0y clered
ndbe6, ed &
allowing Eat
addirionnl l0
sls wE
enen
ro b indiEcty
ctet
rd
Goeally, the
@nrinued
ocbb.r
195s,
sbrcsated by
3.^*o,o ffinnnbooHacflo o 6oGFmdooo6|0600 o o o o Amy Stlf Mohmd Atab Khd. Dubg thc eh ys |.t
F.iod following fte
.slxJ <l{rt!.'.i.y
sssinaion of $e fi6r
l95l
lil
m.nir] Law,
rhe
ffi
,'.! L'I
o p
tg
Igl
tlt
iaj
Nmcd
nilibry
@up
EI
"Thus a vicroriou evolution or a succsfin @up derel is
&
inr.mrion lly
e 5l
I'J
|5l
@isiitution."
He $l.blishcd a coulitulion
$mission io d@i!e
e o E p o tr
ei
eqlal'ty
dd
comisioo subhir(:d
ir Eport
o.
My
1961, but
Atlb kne
senbd on
1962
@slitulio!
u|]!sitall. 'nis
@n9itutiotr
rc
of
siDgle tisr
$bjels
appoiired by
ed
vill
by
tDE
to rhe
sF.Lr
of tlE asembly' h.
wr.
to
c.Iel
R.i
Pakistsn In
pr*
K!@ht .-4.
nofds
Str/ R{rrrery
e.a.t...
d
bn wirh
b l[. Dcf.M
EpB6l
rhe only
ed
o o EI o o
B
E}
tull.o
lh. @B$tutid of
ed
declstld Mlrrial
tjw
661a
E3st paki$a,
EI EI
lru
prcsidar lom 29
D.emb{ l9?l to
Auut
1973
u u
on 56 Juty 1977.
o\
oD l4s
1962
12 ap'il t97t a
@nsritu{o.
B
rhc
pajs.d, wirhour
diM!
l[.
|
by
Algsi,
L 2.
3. fte
The
T1E
Ld.dl
stunft
lrd
Isl@ic povisi@
The 1973 constitution introduced edain new
fanfts
jn the federEl
a!fug.nd!
200
mosi @tably a
mb.6
rbe
of rlc Nalion l
A*mbtt
od6t@{c
bc indircclly clcled by
F@
Mbly bele
Iot831
[.d D ey
on rtE
bldler
ws
conposed of an cqual
.shj <Ud'a.r.y
e.-.t ..
rh
piG
fi o
turist $ Ir als hld excluiv. jds.tiction to d.d wirh @hplaints and displtes ovd
wLr
ay
pnvi@iat
govem
Ite
The
o@il
w.s
a
subjc.l only ro
lalimqr i. joi
Gquil!1mtr of
uirs wilh
o o o a EI 5 g
ill
I'I
l9?3 @Nrirtlion
N.tial
rbc
wc
Frcntal
for ooding
rh
f.ddd
u o s fit
TE
ce
of mrion
or pmvilcial
nt
y6,
EI
o o t'J 6
GI
p.kislq,s
o o
rut
no lotrss eughr
.q!.tiry qfth iq
aDd
. tr* q)fu
ws
derelop.d on
coutiiulioDa.l
i$u* dong
a pdod,
tn@,br of
FDntaU.
drlhi$-
sar
'n!. nn.re
udr
ia
Cencdt Multrdmad
1985,
Zi, ul
Haq
cde
inlo
lsr.d
ti
De j0,
Zi!
te- bli
tln.d
taw
e.nid
law rc8inc
the
$rcgar.
exiniag
od rc
rL
suTend.d n in
be
sbE@.
Utrdr
ih. Ew dd
tcgal
odd
theEfoE ther.
rhc
rc tuh $in8
l q{.t*.ry nmngo$ammgnno e s g
St
e.-.r@ ntooornffilmffodoor.t
pol@ of
rhe Judiliary
r: rt
e 5
o
EI
4 o e 6
o
G[
conslitulion sbrd
swd.ted.r!
Th
E
tlt
15
il ws ctdty
llc
o g
EI
pHiddt or
&
6
o {! EI o 6
E
s tr
l.w ord6
and all
ottr
o.d6
@de on or
rna
tt It
t!!
aotwitbslddbg my
judg@r
b
of
oy
@dFr..t
c.lled in quesrion j!
ey
courr or
ey goud
whatsocvr.le
s s ll
I.'
Ig
E:
i6d
ioB
Bft rvivld
6 6 o 6 q g s e 6 g EI n E o o a o n o e
tir
6 p
G
.letios
on
E
t! H ''t g
9E2,
rhe
EI
ro
b. inEodu.d
b pltistd Addrcing
awlitrd
rbe
fcd.d Cowil
for rh.
'Flitcd ple
pe&efin tD$ition
fton nilira.y
srab
civitid
ru1.. H
as a posirive
oudiE of
e Islui.
naated de
pls;
he
ak
d rhe
6udlof hlmic
ts
ld@losy to @ke
also
lutln@darioA A
sp@ial
@mine. of itc
fedeBt @ecit
*t !p for thc m
irff;fr-,lulut:#l:l;**
o H n o G o o n ll o o e o o 6 o 5 6 e
E E
EffiA6nffiOOOUO6nO
Slil
<Ur&d.t.y
o 6 o o g o s 6 s e tlr n
tll
s g c GI
e.r.r@ wgomo0noso00 OH pl o
o
EI
Anned
Sy$em
epuled ehold oo
ABdj, ws
constitutcd
nal
his
lt;
E@Im4laijoN for
political
patisrar. BfoE he
pcdred
tll
pld, Zi!
gaye a lmelhy
Islanic sbr. in
u o o
tla
I*'
od
Islmic
of
s s 6
lgt
ro prcnulgate
wft nesary
c p, tl lt
u t-1
l!' |lt
Ei
m.ndndls_
His
E g e g
5 u
ddo@cy
.d ns
adninilr!"tive sysem
rbtusl of
rh* uadnoG re
s o
o o o g
E
Tg
|ll
tq
auow rhe
pcside gfdEr
b.twen
rhe
poreB of
ln. F4idrl &d ?rin Mirjlrer, ed iic cmlitution hmonjzd wirh bldic
principl. In adopring otner prcposah,
tbe mddndrs
the opinion
tlD
lo
of lhc nmbe6 of
@n@Ida1io6
0f rbe
A]Mi cotMisiotr.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o d ltl s g
o
F
AiEUd
.sh/ qlirs'...y
g*****t
fi -' !r z
ftrR ha ben
a tor
e.^.h.nonos.nouosffiEo*
fr
6
**" ,*. io od
6ditutio.,l ole.
Lkcrions
orcontrlve^) q,n c;ad ro th. rolc or Ey Mb csaft b rl'otc ofdlc amcd fof6. 1016. ',,cam.d this @niror*y too. The md
! r
E O
The
@qt
&cepted pojition
i,6is
Dand will
.*, ,, ** .; ".;
be
Daini.ine<l
E
H
i$
fi, $ I O
E
url
be he,d on rhc
b*,sofadurt
appoilred by
suf6!se.
rlc peidrtrr. ad rt. p.M, appoinrcd
in
wil h.
ii
|ne
d.
n lionat
senblJ.
!o
ft.
,
H
H
smp
bs
onoromce.w t b. equir.d
El rccor,indeieto@rheurionarasnbry.
s.
rn'- o" rc.ia*,
r"ets r,Er a dd
obbin
willnlYe ro b. hcrd * tu ?5 d!ys. I 6. rhe pesidenr will have the powels ro rctm for Bo4idcralion ro the a$ehbly dd fi l o. ho@ b'r which h6 ulrudy bq p*$d. e Tl pr$idcnr
a
E . B clcclotate, h ce diselv ihe oaiio,,t a$mbly. But in such & ev@ fsh el.clios $
di*r rd *erins
a fresh dddare
of$e
will
be lh suprme
@med*
of Oe
mcd
rh. Jo.r ch,cfs o, s|all @Mjne &d rhe chiefs or rhc aln or lhe "f I $,r'**"a *.i"*-aaeremine Lh.!e@andcondrosordeirappoinrrndls d rhe appoinhenr of rte chief etaron mssioner Md memb.rs or rhe g"
th.
ch.im
mmision
por."r"..
p6j{rsr
junie of
will .tso
b appoini.d by the
p6id
Str/ q{dr.,r.y
3.-.r..6
tn day
will not
be able to
rhe
IE
b
o E o o
b}
FI
&l
In ords ro inprove tbe eononic @ndifioN of lhe couEy ihe privare en@@gqr dd prcre.led.
s4br will
u o It F: t! p o o o u rd
EI
Accordingly on Novnbei 10, 1984 Zia uounced his decision !o hold a In tn rfcrcnrlM, held on De.mbtu 19, ii
simple
r.fcendu.
a
ws n&le
dw
tujonry of
rhe
s a orldlre
hain
in
ofre
ye6. In $c
words of on political
@meat.lor:
"Th EfMdu
qudds
10
@ sid
by ofrcial
isri
s o
pdlim.nt,
ro thc
the, there
w6
!!min lotd
a*i- --tt.
colms'.
e,obab'liry
d
$ I $
".g**
sG o
pstim.n(Maiti.-
who
c& ate
, gElrtr
fr s "**" o
6 a n
t
6 dE eteckd pdr,mor..nes woutd b{ moc indeFndenr dd bftforc om.',rt , *g" r' undd rhis tosic, ir B cstrtiat ror z,a b me his om *a. *0,,r,* on dDr or d so.rar ercrim.
El
o_ ' M*b,hdH*..'P*rd O
D<.nba. rr.
re34
St,.J <U.d!*...y
G.ndal
daios wE
held
r.bna.y 25
1985 for
2l7 Naltoial
nomjlald a
ihis ofr@
!er@ politicitu Am
who beld
t!,
tcl
till
E: FI
of PIire Miniscr
th
Nario.,l
Ashbty o.
thc
ch{gs:
IrconpctcG oI adDinistration
c d
!r'ilin8n*
Failw
to lol@ie @mptio.
o .
E
E
io ptunor.
g e EI o o lg It
D
n o 6 g 6 . g 6 . t e . q
rt
E
On 6$ Aulust, l99oj rhc PEsid.nr diselved rhe Nalioml Arembly and rdovrl lbe
Prim Minbtc. Be@ir Bhutio oo HoEe
*v.El g|Wds:
E D E g
s o
o
Ei
Co@ptid ed N.potiso
Violrtion of co.sritudon ptuvisioB elc.:l
G e o o
3
E
on l8d Apdl
1991, rhc
Psid.nr dislv.d
fi.
natiolrt
Asbty d disir!.d
thc
I 6
tr
Prine Mioisrer. Bul lhis dne, The Suprme Cout eeptd N6w@ Shdifs petirion
siich
6 o
B
fild di@tly unds it5 juisdidioq ard @t within rlE Hig[ Courl.
Naw
o g n E 6 o
E
Sheif rcsM.d
'edr
bd enh @IinC
lr3. fte eveds of this piod de onl dcoosirarc lhe .xr! of potiricat tI@ukirg,
my
once aglin
bMning ovenly
n E n g t{ o E g
AI E!
_ Th dail, _
nE diry
l.kGpp44
s E
dsmcotr|Eon
dr. .loniMr (pow.tul) Prim Minisrcr On 5d
and
Sr,.J <l{it..'.r.y
e.-*or oood60eboo60ddE6
As
foft.
|hd
ul!
on t8d .,uly
t93,
rhe
PBiddl &d
ww Ept@.
rtE
with
rh. fo
r.m6
Nomb.r
o o n o 6 o o o o o o
ffi
ce.
Complion
Lug.
In
199?,
Scale
ddi.l
of Hul@ od
lhdlhrllt
Righld.z
Mt
NrB@ Shdif
blh.
mjoritt.
He rcpe.lcd
Thind h uerdMr Io
$.
Ire teqMt
ne
intmduced by the
applicd lo $e
povitu$ in
a way simnd to
Ani.L
Ani.le l0l
"otr $c advic. of",
Mirislr.
Strl <l{rt!@try
ffiti
e.r*d.
243
C,nrrol of the
Feddl
S.die Cbi.6
94
io be .ppoi .d by the
di$etiotr.
The Fourlenlh
ctuss
rhe
ndbes
of lh.
eDbli.s
to
pdiy liles, Both @ndnde nrthd sr.ngth.rcd thc prjn Minster. Ilt p.ine
*i$
p ct u
&t rd
ItJ
had
&cudaled, .Lcided
fii
h. adopcd rh.
posirion
lelo edlid
by Be@n
Bhutr.. m. 6tdt ws
r&ed r oDJIinni@al
orbd
onto
bMldou.
tn the fall
b&k
ar
jNti@ of
ihstituting
unan
isu. Naw hd spokdofde dns r!m, ald Ihe jdss had rqoqted by
rquested by
Minisld
fie ihd
pasideni but n tmed doM ln. rqu31 lo FDov. rh. Chif ,urice of pa&jslan_ The
iDFa.ltrMr 'Itis
wa rsolved with
rhe
:ron l2d O.tobq 199, ChailrM toint Cli.fs of Sraf Comin. .!d Amy Chief
ccnchl
on
ctdsd
m.d
foF6.
ooondiuu0ErdEouo
.slna <l{i&o...,
o5ffi
ro
3.r.*d6
D.stbilizinS it od l.yilg
cElre
1he
dbsliotr
within ils
mt.
rri,.d c.ncrrl Muh.rEf
'Iris
@up
an r
& hou
dd Bpl@d hin
wnh $e mosr
juior
Sdic6
tat
g o
el o lll
E!
fi ttl
t5
E E g
l'!
o o o o 6 g
c a d
to
e tr o o o 6 6 o o, u o
o 6 5 tJr rh. cNN A!i. N0, Ociober 12.1999. ff o 66 ofr sffi 600noffi 0060ofl onnoffi 0060nnf, oofi
o o g
St"z <l{.tr-.tt
e.-*-.
r
Thc Struc.ure of
99(b
'Ihc Excurive
'ft.
hrs
. pBid.nri.t
or
prniMbry fom
rhc locB
EF r.dly
of
FI
FI
i! Covcftr
dljlL
n
o o
Gmd
r Fdi.fuory irdch, o!
his
wioa
ch!.n
MohrEncd.
ll!.
t956 @nstirtlioq
Kh{ cx.rci!.d
for fow
y6
.s
Prin. Mi.5t
r.
s
AAGr
,uly
oF
ag.in cb.!e.d
rn
. 0t.
r?6t
oft
Ed
@cndhcll.
Tbc Pridri
Ttc P6id.nfs ho@ is rh. enrd of
visiE of sne or @ th.
si.l
dival of .
fo! nd.,
enb.sa.t
(. H. qpoirB ctic6
fcd.'d minftla,
nidnE
.sld q{d'o...y
e. *o..
H. hs rlE disdoMry poE ro apFid
tbe
r.
cti.f
The C-S.P. is
epic
mpl.te
lodg. swie
olbtr
(p.Ls.), of a
te
tix
IE
Audir ed A@bts
Saie,
wiB
fineial mnft,
rne R
An officisl
gowor
palpblet st 16 rtry
rhe
eiee
hb.t d,,surdiod_
nc Sdvi6
Seryiq irfqid
lheE
10
e d*ib.d
tb,r
lhF @ n ry
thd.
For cvery
TIF@
rol, nErgcmor"
nwbeF
io
Fst
dr
Supqior Civil
Sries
wy
is a porl
the
fiIirg of
wbch in a satisf&bry
depnds rhe
futw of rh.
Srai
dd
is lbe Civil
Snie of
Patjslo
to
*bich
tbe
sovcmfl
P.kd.n, Mi.bfy
ot
tfl,
@bli. of P.kEb.,
aprit, 1997
rh.
Cffi
tle
Patisran C.nhal
civit B Sdrc.. *lnch B ore ot |]re disn s!$cd civit Sdie m rhe wort4 Atdoush rhe E rda6t ofrlE supqior f@iccs, il is a bod, or! f.e hudled ody. &nn"misrofhm E
of
is th. succ.sr
sdie
pslt|lr
***ffi
ir
psi.i.srai
or dE tndia
ioFdlar hetj6 of go!@mrn d.l @ *iotr! subj*l to sut dietioa ti6 d. p'ift r rsporuibility for suing dF lrnqujliry, qll bcing .rd g@d govedrErr of th.ir
minisrqial and lgida,rirc
wno,
udd
dirlclio[
sa!i$ lMy
of
rbe
oolr
E B
H
coutry.:!
Ahhough Er.ded
heDuoncd atove, rhe
I
b 6 uE Csmt
Supcnor
rhc
suppty fr otn&B b rhe pretui,t gotrhatu s wU $ !o d. enrd sovtm61 TIEy N E fEqemly callcd rhc 's<bty sdjc' ,n s nsr G $ oE6 i, rhe wi6 bar E
th.
tujd
odd.
As th. adnjristradE
g.Fralisls
orucu
t[.
C.S,P.
ofli6
bur
Ftie
6 e energtry
{Es
rwo
exc.ptioi ot
$Ni6,lhe
go\fudj e
al i.he
iilted by
p.MMl dmM 6m
the
Pbincial Civil
S.fli6 dd
filt.d
lEfujld
pmvirciat
ls.l,
Sdie
.l9rpria&
public
ffiffionotrf,
Although rh.E
.sril <l{d..'.Iry
.nptorq of
of th. mtiond
eom.nr
paid by the
nade on
tn
basis
paliso rkmins
e g a o o
E
civilim re
govml
rt Et
E G E
EI
6rd
sotlrjtMt .r!ploy6 @
psrs ald
rcLgophl,
o o
of a Chi.fJ!s1i@
audDrit
is ihe
ad
nol
mE u@ sixt\*o
dEy Etirc
jude6, aI of
*tDn
ft
o o E E q o
E
sre btil
.r
ft
age of sjxry-6w
y4.
-Ihe
ibe
rhe
cM
io r&arcB on
o o
bnl $ Corodnnjo!
als
sto
had
ddvoclre or
plado of
ih highc$ pbvircial
-IrE
[6
+pels tom
srn.!d
giv.s adrisry
. Mdy nmb6
@ al$ ienbqs of the c,s.p. 'ft adninisidiod ed r\. juists bolh of whon srss
p@ed6t dd law ard odd
Mt
be
delibd s couqg*s in
lhe
hst ofc@dDg
sllble
Pakisr.h, Planning [email protected], .per Capir. In@re AdhnElEtivo Sclsc$. 1930, p 279
oossffinonoffiffi
rhc ArD.d
.Sr'.a
q{dx'...y
Forcs
e.-t *"*H
E
E
$e Nodh-Wesi
4 subs14lal pDporru or lh
the
sLoJd ribal" 016 ed $e puj.b pDvre w.rc sereElly bh sui@d tu &my Lre both physiquc &td r.mF@r rb!tr 60* toh ods rrs x'llitc plnjuotr ioon 'la Palitu qth a shoose of ooy iyp6 of Fdir,.d./hinienk ad rahri.d Ft3)mL ir b Mlr endosld wid milEv to6, who qjoy.d a hieh [email protected]
In
lol.lis toh
S
H
E E
H
noml
cirlie
or
eM6.
th.n d@ j!
@tu
.a aid u mE
16
ielaLd @y
&E
adninistraroE cdl
Dilrary
b sin b
d
rh. nai!|lei,@
a
Prkisla's
tn only
sail
bur well
di$iplin
dcd
fo@s irctuding
dre
mal @!a dd
foce
e
roo
@ of foe,
rhe
ft.
police
fw i! nhbB,
raisd, ed l&k
6u@
b h.dle qy1ling
rh
!r6rig. o. pblic
GIer
th
ould do a nc
@ury
poliricim.
r Td Ye6
s57r.
ncffiddnon|n0ffioonnd6
3.-.ro-
oo60mo@oGHloHIrl
g o
s
Ihe Indi&a did no! @tr lh. iop @kj of lh. civil or nitirdy wiccs in brge nmbds unil
rhe l.s1 d.cad. of British
de .rd ilDs
tr a
til
ney ycm,
rE tBalariws
ft.
lhey
mos1
o @ u g
ct G c[ ttl G
s o
!t
FErtul cter.d
j! palisr n!rc
6e l{gc
D.D
Lldtoldl.
Sie
.rfti*d
virnslty .
pok
of [G ard danh
oq
[email protected] oftaer
6ffi
dicld o otb.ryie
m ..{ sulliidlg $al th@ lddl fmd! rtD @utd bc l,birhd if Ib., jruld $. l&dlqd,s lodilir, s+!oi.d r!.
in .frec(
@rolt.d a &bd!!tid
bl@k
rt
r.,1
(o tg
m tN n@ dcFidd @ hiD {e h. $!s @ th. pEq, Undq th* @did6 thqe 6 s hinimh of pdry disiptire ad facdon lirm
foubhc4
leeisldire In
dispur6,
o al E} q 0
et &l
;j
r!$bliB
skBtul
rcpsidiirs
!!lts
&E
of oi. Friy
chin
q .mrha. L
ad
0ddition ro rhc
iq
.h tiltfu.ivjt ser
Orgoi2d
br.rBt gu46
blt
t{ lll
rlbor hioB
b$oesso@,
*tt
me
e sqt,
vet@E, r\e
s
EI
n r:
cl
tbfasionsl as*ialoru,
eligioN tadaq
s ftll s
i&h6,
a!
&d orhd
edu.a&d
thc no3t
6c
io
c EI
E
Cl
o@tiotr
@i5i@ of so@
dd
1}.
oircr
srlk
o ct o
cl
OE
Sl,/ q{itr.'.t.y
govmftd
e.-.,6,E
be
Ii..rivly @nr$lled by
the
if thcy beom.
,Dd
(Ely
by dE
cririet of ib op@tiotu
ard
i!.
ovd.d
oF,acd
go!|rrlMr
The Pmvirciat
AdDirilrration
legblrnB hld the qclGire
dghr io
6l bl
E
FI
L.t
|iit
Ls ollmine
Govfu,
th.
mj
EI
h.jin!
mads,
ed
wlfarc.
the
nly
bG
dh-i...d
by rlE
o n o d
the PriDe
Minist r,
qculire of thc
pbviM. ilt!.
l)mbd
Acling
of thc
on
pbviNial
advi@
ilsbty
mosr
[t
ty
@esd d.
@nf{kde
mjdity.
fic
ofd.
MrL
up of
is
hed.d
by a
'cdmis@,"
u9Dry
said
C.S.p
Otr6.
,,.tepuiy
<Dmi$iooeti
of
'@[ek!ii
for sDglicriy
$. km
"disdcr
omq, ,iD
b. !s.d in pt@
by lhe Bddsh
a $.
conh.l.ri
off6
i5 rh.
is, by
ms
Ih
arcEse
vilrgd, h.
eold@nr
in hir
led
B!u6 ed
oda
disfict,
#,:"d,1,"'"
dk'rc,"
3nd rn
ro
tm ro
Su <46-.11,
n e
E
f,ocal
3.-*@
Cov.nnert
p.tj.r&
ciry, rhe
c E
6 o o o o c g o g c 6 6 o E 6
c c
o g
tr c 6
I!
a q?icat
of ric hui.jpal
u. dminjstrlrid of oa{is,
locat
ad hiarioa fE
the desie
ti!
nehting,
turcrio!& nE
rh
dieqsioro,
a
int Gsl jn
@r
n
E
c:
i5
lhe
exidion of
qlg mi!,
de
pFbld
of ciq,
leshab @
United
urlile simil&
di$Nios
htd in
ehe
$'16.
lcat govm@r
E
H
bodi6 in palis1atr
acgo.ird
EI
in ro ieo
eteeorif.
a)
Union Coucthr In all rhe pbvines, UE ldon @ucits @ ai the lowst rue of the ladder. A uio, @ucit oBisr of 7tJ o! tr. basis of popualron tuging 10,000J
s E
a&
bl
mm6
5000.
b) T.hdt Couocit:,
tls @mb.Bhip
i.
uio. @udts
cov6 a l&ge,
geoeEphical
@ ed Fpula,rotr le
6
a w,on cobcil
ex_
@d.il.
Er sub-divisjo@l levet
@ucjl.
l buildin!
offidfldeodoo6soo
Stn/ R{errly
3.^*.8
#
b.dy
****'*H
e.r
dev.ropmenl
edrca,on.
imea..n
d .t@tcd
E E
ad
fi
|ii
panly
oBjsi,
of ofiici.i
l|@bds.
is rhe nosi
Fl
disrict
@u.il
in qr.fi
r@al
@ucit, h i!
d on lh.
6
$l
bsis
i)
ii)
ii,)
chtmd
ofihe T.hdl
Coucit'
wilh thc dist ct.
th dist ic!s.
A1l th rh
chain@ of
bM cl)mjtic.s
iv) All
chaim ofMuicipal
@mirts wiitin
rh. mmbr of
d
v)
The dputy
@mi$io@ i, ale
ub.n
dshicr
2)
Ufir A|ai
lmcly:
For dre
.rq
th@ t
F
is
a) Ioxr CoEDitt
-A
bu
@mirie
etablish.d for
& uton ag
navjne
is o
tom cominee
It
trw .mn8
ub.a
is aiablish.d fo. @
Dqnld
ia
. Muicilrl Comitl. my
vsry
b.t*!
15
!d
50.
.ffiffia'No
urbe a@ &vi!8 a
Sl"J q{,{r...r.}
qry T**-""fi
for
3.-*^
H A
frob E provine io Dtuvie {rd ftoo lelriy to locatir, g &F&ling u!o! irs poput lid In a ciry, the cnitu .lcr the nenb.6 of fie Mwicipst o@itEe lld d I d.yor, sno corcd th.nelvB
ald hishr v.ry
wirh rhe
tudbqEd dlr
tok
be fr
adDinttr
fc
fieblitrg snd
nbdions.
heat.h, E
Strl <llds'...y
BEondoffi06n6df,no
5 n 6 o g o g s a 6 n g s u c s g E[ e o a g 6 s d a s o
s E
Chiprer6:
g
a "p.rusire dd .nrerchd..
Ac@rdirg tbeft
10
mororltE
hd
a bl 0
E;
&I E EI
pofit
bl
ildBrry of moE
fte
no donbr
tFl
G
F) ItJ
SidI 6d Bal@httar
doioEyct.
thefl_
on
had in
*iI[ @jeting dd
s o s n
E
Indu$'ialisrs
@ntet6 ed bBinssd
k paid ro
ih.t
! sig,fi@r F@n&ge
ir
of then @due
o o F o
sov.mor
off6
ets.
luftal.
Bom
is p&o !o
eovtudr oft6
almd aI otrcial
o g
iocluding Ihe poli@, lhe judici!,y, te douc ocpal@n! &c pNFn 'Ndturiou, oflice, cutons 4d xi omcq, tl@m@icatiotr oryeiajoB, ed .l@trjcily &d
the
p.edel
4PloFs
to lop
negtMr
palme
s ro
rss
dd
coll*i.d by
govtu@r.
4 th. fouth
mosi
imlorlalt comaint ro
rhey g.vc brib6 !o
b6in*.
Sevcnry
.idr lelqr
of
.s|,l <llilx..t.y
o 6 g n o s q g 6 g o o tr e o c o e o o n o 6
somgt
e.-.r@
EtnHmffitffi
I25,OOO
oticisls, vhile
rhe
&d 625,000
Th
inftr*d
in rh. 198ft dE to
lh.
consqEnces offie @sive United Statcs aid ceived by pskisran after |he srarr ofihe
i!
wr
ro lhe pskisl2tri
gov.m.d
ro
p.y
lhe @n of supDorring
1979 Sovier
invdjo a.d b
.lec
Par-istad
nilirdy
stile $m
!u fw.led
dicdty io Afghd
jnflu
n s It l.t 0 o tlJ p u FI u n
eoelabiliiy ioceas.d opponuidA for Complion. MEh of d'vded iltegaly ad inrclld in tus ad ddg ocrpis.
Co.ropliob and ctctions
s noNy Es
EI
n 6
E 6 EI
Br*q
lime $e
los
Ii
E4l
faiB,
tDpnj,iity.rd sesDdEmy of
hav
dE ele.doi!.
noF ad noE
cxposed ro
n4 lo
b paid
bak. Uoe
eleltd @d
ro
,tu*
particde filud .nd ollegations of haLd. A.cordins io S. Khanar .lolitical eliteG) in thc coury bvc h.d dimolty,n lte the legjri@y of .telio6 s e i!$rsdl oIa p@ful su(rsim of 6oh o& el of ruliig elir* to aelna. cons.qM{, rlE
!e
elebEl p@s ns
@h.d et
'oE
and
bdad.wlop.d.
ito.st
cra.rjoro
!ft
fi61 hcid
of,fidefloof,f,clonon
.Sr,.a <l{itr.r.t.y
ooon
tucbis
e.-a4.
i.e., .one
6 o o 6 o 6 o o tr d o tr o E 6 F 6 o 6 g c o o o g
tr
E 6
in
1970 otr
rMn
@c vol,, lhe
6utis of
fair
@uld @i be
tlafeEd
on lhe bqsis of
eleiio! 61t16,
66
prc.s
t977
B
o
eguled wiIh
|it
wy
tdr nililary
l!te{v. !r
1985,
.lctiou, b,,
exctuded
tlm
9E5
elelio6
@i,.d
e6!_1
$.
llen
p t e r: rJ! 6
iE
ldioB
lllnd of
rhe
In addnion comption
hs
been lh
eove@enrs since the end ofth mililary rule in 1988, ,Ite lasl
have all ben ousred befole
o @
Bene
ws dbmhsd
oD
@hplion,s gouG, In
July 1993,
dd
ftrse
my $aff,.
A fomd
viepBiddt
oIUr World
Bs ss
swom
i, s inrdin pEhier,
ol
Ben
Str/
o 6 6 o o e a g q g o g E e
EI
Q{etn*ary
e.-*@
b
the
feh
ot
N.wd
this phaoDdon
is
Dr
lw:
r:1
the
foutLr of
EI
spech.' And
FI
61
E}
brc io tatist
D potiriB
ws vir,lcrsd
!{lo
fEi
c:hif
Mjnind of
SjDdh
s o
s EI
o o a g g s o
E g
lll
diqissd o.
M
this
fit
aflgatiotu
ofcomFior
M y.6
ed
.pitohikd
B@n
Bh!fto
her
hsbed, ed
hr onvicrior
on
odption ch&e*.
Dy
Ns
N*n,ng uE,.omirhenr
has won
e'euoN on
6.
the
platfom of
ed opeity
!o do
MElaq
ditfeE
The politic.t
in'oidc
lwls.
s@jal
ifubat
cl!s,
powd. tn orda
panon
rhe
inremedale
ctidfs
.st,l <llds'...r'
e.-.h.b
tlufen d
s sbsidis) whle od.6 e c6pr dd involv. in.gal dur&E of louB rhsl e il.gally g.n Btcd. 'ne rdsfeE hrE ro bc [email protected] bur lh. j,ad.qu.y of gdqd
legal Guch
fl
EI
o tt o
1hn
u o o o &l u o u o g 6 o o 0 o
E
mryi4 clN
of
iduiid
esiraligs ,nicb
iD
rr
wilt
Fwd
to Sain favoB,
This
nlional economi. allocalioB ofsublidies, ngnb ald re$Ues, Esutl is rhe poor 5t & ofrhc eononr, Sao.4 one gmred, &y favor bcomcs very difficulr
chang.
d ii
Conelu.
y $c srsren
beo@ 6trechd.
panicut&ly
b6au.
rnl sh&itrg by
sh@ of tie
s they
n bd ro crearE,
ir
&e pubtic
on
saie.
This
wie
of the
a
lh.
srony s
d *hole,
MiShi of the stale in fie 4onony. And p@r Frfomsce of $e @nony Eares situ.tior
wcaltb
whft
al]s
ro get
dcs
!o
ff****w"-H il"---*"
Sr"; Q{,lr.,.ry
lW
e.-rl*
$ fri
E $ f,! q
B E
rre
power or tne
uacuar
fr sn moE s g 6El
,*0.-r. *. influence or badow.u ha betr rmendo* in p*isid. And fr o*."** 1... ,mdtorde oh a huse p'potuon or d. rming rads which N "
a poliIict
!sl@ rld e
e.o!hi"
of
?!lkrd,s g
cor, -a p-'ia.a *proymot b halr tltc woffo@. rvo-rhilds ofge DoDulido. H u'. t *, -* u* *. cos..y i" 0or ser-sufficienr in rood fi
Ih. innEme
weldry l$dowE,
of ln.
l&rtol{16
has
6
6
ddisilg
s(u. seu.
curcnt National Asenbty, ribal led6 or f.udal badtords o@upy 126 our ofthe 207
Dlc poliricd
hov
fd
in@n_
L$d efom
tu
,ol or
ihe
gov@dtat
ed pdr efods
ro
linir landosiqship
Presidoi
Miltia
6xed. But landoMcs rGadd by lrrificially pu(i.e rh.n |&dr in th ndes of rhen
sn
on i rind . Brish ;;G;*;;uiffjt;;txHk,, f H5lg?"r:"j :,l:!"-ef ;d-*; ;;$I;;;r or,gnd^"*m pmd.d_ htu...c;cl;;gft
:-*tr:ltf_t1n:to:lgll
:,'h tur.
@mpron
in
p6k!ran,
Str.a <l{et*rtrr
e.-*t x on
6 E
e o g E o o G 5 q E o E e o o g
E
adninisratir. ofllcials.
opposed
fa6
ilcom,
dr
n. h
pbvincial
iD@m6.
prcfu non ilc iDrrElonal fitucial innitud@s! 8ov.mots ind@d teg'slarion alowirg rhe laxado, of agicuh@l
197, uda
gct
qdFio6, d
urdrdcctsEd
tll p
rh! ste*d
leds of
asricultual prcdncdvity
dd lo$
wrs!
ho*.!a
a
o o o 6 6
had ben
6 6 g E o n o s e
pohica. Pqc.ivcd
qisrme
ir
of
b$ies
ledlods
on
politi6,
hs kmh
in rh disr.ibudon of iB population.
pdlu.nilry
@stitu.ncies @
ddt.
Bu1
thc
nw
Moh 197,
Esutls ro
should Eved
T!. iisi
ll^iv.
Nral-
urb.n
r.denrnion of
dr
dr @uE'$'d.
$A.@ding ioone
9ovehn6nr or PJnjab col cr.d onty Pj 2 b'Iton or dr toEr untared p'ofr ol lne reudr r..dtd&
li!
Essiam
Ei-mn
Rdi*
'!d
Str
Q{.t.eruy
e.-*ic
6 o o o g o o p o o o g
FI
EI g E! u EI EI
a low-ircobe
@hry
rhar
hs hrd d prcmbing
goq1hr6. But
tE
b.Gitiotr
to a
rising popul.rion,
large
siable
gov@c
deticils,
bevy
o, focie,
ajd3r,
eov.mdd
inslabiliry.
deeiFio
rllll in ls7
srrcnrEl
poblm
of de
enomy:
'"rhe EFat d attemprs ro siabilie lhe @nony wilhut fotowiry through win
snatral Ef()m
lautior
on
push.d lb
@mDy
in a DiE of viciou
ciEl6
In p.nicut&, idBse<t
G'
sbrhking
in lhe r.x
ble du b
funh.
1ax
eEbn ed $c exp&!io! of
sf@mFY
hik6
i,
g g o E a
F'
awE0ed,5,2
rE!_nde@d]eto5psBnt,ndE106G.Thy|enb3.SpdedbeteinFy 1971.nd .tb6r$enFy1973aldFy 1935 Fom Fy 1937 b Fy .,!s, gtlM .r5gec 5 1 p.@it (LjbE,v ol comr*t
paymnts. unitd slaia. hs bq --pjS:","-q:S"S-"1 :. !.rr" lh Ll!.6r doM sin rh. i.dp.nd@.
ist bFy_rss6 lh GDp gEflh 16 m4suro rr . @3Ln Fy tgBO l4lo. !e@ R.ee ot gE*dr.s69d 3.1 pe@,n dE g5oHi6n.g@h!E
1
w;d
1998,
Ea.k)
fink bE
Wdtd B.nk)
Tot l d.tr
PE.
Pnrn v.L.
d.b/.rF||
Sr./ q{.t!a...y
a{ttl
!!Mw3 i@
the
g
o e o g o
hlll@
capiirl lDd
intriirtuB, urdhinilg
pofitabitily of priv{e
sror inBdtud ad
8ddlion
by
tE
o g o 6 E o 0 g E 0 5 g 6 o o o o e
I o
sroi
hB
bq
o t5
i5
ba nrlbd dp|Es.d is
depqiation,
Gficiftr
fed
s{
ch
h6
bek
to
ns dcpB.d
nm hB
rhe
8L
of retM on
b.*
depoGils, tading
b dbi
ernediation, *hich in
led 1o s
fifiba ddliF
FaplEd
in hnk Fotrhbility,
ba @ntinud
10 be
low ,nrcstDenl, which fir1hd hanleB gbrrh &d Fv.ny allcviatoD, Mo@vd,
ih*
sEEhr.l p6bl@
dr..i@riotr ir
fabric oflhe
si.ty ed conliiburd ro a
go*l@e .4t
suity
Anempb h.vc
by int @tional
lindcirl innitu|ions.
sic.
suig
followif,e
dtriohlion of dre
lsFor!
posidon
ed
key
rle cllMc,
dchdg. nie
drl
of p6'1Mr!
llmjns vdy
negil, which
incl!*s
wln@liliry of rh. @mmt b qrdnal sh@k. NoMdars, wilh lh. oFn conlict
.s|x/ <l{d!'...y
e.^*ic
c
nor otrly thc di@r
in Kahnn, dE situarioo is
sF:
mt
E!
l!:
o o o o
H: E}
ft will h.
bi.fly fa$.d
a
on
rte
ioporidl
ferlc
rhlr
ctrede.ie lslisrrri
FI |n
@nomy ed h.v.
(r)
kx
EvdB
is pardy
qpbin d hy ! bi!&d
rax
,ysld. Ar
s E e s E t'J s o
o
d.Fiving
r[. Sllb
of DNh-o..d.d public
@lIe.
Bui rlE
p@pr
o !!!
o E c g q
@
nilion
i! a bbader
o e tax s'slD: indiEcr rax* 6 @ irde.d 6i.. to cole! bur tbey dtimilty butrtd nc @@o&8, &d lll mr rh. o o pokrtul. And ey at&Dpl to Efo@ the lax sysr.n etuour* g sLooS ,.sisbne tlm o lhe @jor sratchotds (Lndlo.d. fo. lhe arrioultul d, ftl{ld rbr fi. 1999,s 6 o aneDpt ro illlod@ ! irt6 or). Tlx .wb! in prlislao s. b de lEry higtr ed n qplsi!.d by It. l.al of |]ra io @u.4t t x.s, o @np$o! ir lhe ,!x blMEtuy lad @ g $e low l.girimey of1h. Sral. 6 6 c g g c noflffigtogf,offioGH[ og
indirer
ih
6irds froh
tr
tt\6.
This tunhs
Ginfoc
rhc
inbel&es ot
St"/ Ql"t-ary
ffi
gcnddsomnono*
f,
e.-*-. rf,trooflof,trrcooo
sroi
s(br.
B $ n
E E
(b)
w
b!,t5 @ irrc to doniu& ire b.aling
tor
Urio-ti,"a
-Mirl
s
Ard
Bad
$. djmculy
ot
a
Lhe
lou
sircn
6 poliricd
peroDisc willod
hig! sn
of rlE
.1@
d.fault! of
or
bdr
and
f!
l
*u
"
r-"r
or
ro l2r b,lio* s
Dcdbs
r,
l9e6 -
o*ty 2r % or rorsr
g_
rwl.
a ma,n
EI
8ffi
t
12.
R@
;,g;:l:il:T:355"*ts.ao.,s,n,rrmtlFr,,rpubrEh.db,se&trBhurosMnm
lBo'@.drh
3,675
lr'r'd)
2,39r
1,217
3 O at -i*6kkai O a4 ft;;chemd
|1250 1,250
1,215 r,213
1,035 1,023 95t)
17-
-------------
526
M.Ei Khalij
lmmMt
in
Jaoary l97.
3)
2,330
5)
politicioB
offin5Fonoocmmoo 6 o o 6 tlen for 6 ftlmB dificuttiB of rh. p.Iisi s b.dins syscn, .d e o E cxplMtion for th. hid inrercsi r.r.s. Mey lods !r. etut .l to wll{mccrd s o
ed buolcdl3.
This is
Srd Q{rtrrary
nffiogfir3
e.-*@
aI
rhe
iiecial
4id ''h
ihd
th.y
iEdrutiotu. Bu rhcy
put
my
Gv6 be
E E r.1
E
$ polilicis
pBsw
on
mdag6
to Stmr
e $ e
E
tir
rcgutalor
bb e
sd
oinFio. itl.@e.
palisran is
o c g E p
E
dcscnbed
*ery
fr
Th. nn6
on
! @ld,
ruls
6)
prcvid
u o o &; o
9)
1,056
903
12\
l5t
13)
432
531
50r
21
?21
352
23\
?.4)
Se&nv
rour
^ToD 24 mrdude
d.hutets aE
6mm;;EGE;at$-a{ by Bne, Bhuro .nd M@, Khxd .nd nhitix @ d.f.uhng h oE Fymi ot it 7 l{tid lo tE n.ron Jrd od
31
Srrl
<Ualr.rlry
3.r*@
dorrios,
rtr|r duri6
ono inposjbL to
o
|l!:
thc
gercraring
om
!!:
EI
@uld be said
of lhe
u$ton
sysletr! yith
lMcou
$D.
rax q.mpri6
E;
@c inmtiv6
for
14\
.vsion, s Mn s
a o a
EI
fton
th
rh
of
(for
of
rh*
sub6idi6
|!i ig
o s o g o 6 o g o e 6 n n 6
rnslance. lne
L' tlt
H
F)
tnc mttor indusrris on rh. viabitiry of the conon indEry). but .li$rion in lheir
dl@arion @ates incenlives for @mption.
.onldq
rhe
E
frI
the
pblss
is litety ro be
ed fdilid. Hoce,
.li$retion in
n o o o F u o o
ofey lind
Gi
o
EI
fd.rirg a
led
at
have
bM u.d
for
sinil{ obj*dv4.
pow or cnfolls, ed
b
rhe
slow dd
&!horiti6,
parLb
6 o o o p q o o o o c o o a p) o
E
G
066dnffi &mg60uu0ou&louottg
SriJ <lli&-.1.r
e.-*36
o E g
a
but
g
e u
EI
lio.s
conomy,
epo4
rqbat, et
E g
'il'
frster lhm
ilc
ha
i! tms
S1a1e,
la
b6sis.
a
E tli
t!,
$lurion !o
a*!F nod e
overtgut.r.d sysr.d,
g
t1!.;
';lr
ta!
s.
llJ
o 6
o g
E
EI
i,
ram
oD
$cir ide$r@r.
s o
(ts lb6 !00 n ri.
lom per
er.
G
blve
dd shile
some
at4
g o g p o n n o o
msed old
@e
of
d. wrld\
o E g
p!.120
y.d,
or sin@ Ibe
begiding of
d. w i!
AfglMist o,
'
gercEny uM@ted dEt P.h.6n, bc,ns. 9opr. k4p p4ld ei of &4unB position. .nd oF tbr dE r.r u.peio. . iCGR, s2l
oe
o0o
Eonffi
ffi60cddorffi
n E
E
Eehins very hish tevch of rh. govemmeni. nlh prc*blr xpl.jns thai ioi a sio8le drus lord wd a@sted id 1997.,'(oCD, 99) Hcrcir po<tuciiotr tat6
(NWFP): tramckeE
Sr./ q{dDj.y
o 6
e o e o
c o
ple
in rh.
lfulc
pEfd rcnor aFd bd.r 6e @orot ofethni. or kibqt a[hodts thai @ only oadioodlly behotde. to Dtion l govm.nr B6ids, ?obbo, rribs irbbit both sids of llc bod.r, UeGfoE f!.itt riDg b cxcn&g6. This is a coEiflgat fador for l|)e ps*isr2ni SlaG. wirh lhc posjbiiity of e Talibos htjng
&v&r28e ofdE pah$oon t ibal
n
It
6:
u I.t
f,i
E (t;
di$o
ent
in patistan.
oeB
Oryeiatioro d. vrticdty incenrd, &d oBidEuc Elu{dded pc.sing in paldsrar Drug oreanianjou @ hieorclrcally dgeiad and Aequddy
con@lior with senioi polidcio so govDndl ofiici.ls hcnce, rhs govrmen! rhe hjgh fede8l adDirissario! o.l rhe prcvjnci.l adDiniselliou i4lude tu@ms nehb.6 looh io t
ries, wirh
basd on
fdil/
druesFoducrionand
prorclion
ed
""inc(oco,ou.
coulr,.
o-*o.o*u""l,,Io"l.
;ffii:"
dd
taw
enforcDent h U&
dd ctiqB,
bur also
i,nitud@'
is noronousty
lnhce
6.ir s.cel
Tlcd
td b.a
t&t
o6s@ooof,
&f mffiffidoEmsr
of 8ov.Mc0ht potiucat
.sf,/ <l{[email protected]
M
3.-^-.
hlK sMrt)
be.
hdve
wp r\-tf .o
mEronoffitEnam8
o
hE
B
licr*,
&d
in
t.el
srsrd
app,imbi,,ry
i,
sysrds *isrjns
NwFp ad
Balochisbn
irs
^** -,",*,"0 r
*]"1i,'"I:ff"*"":
H E
consequerce!
sut klee
Ddrdon
de!d6. Fo&.6
Mm
5l persr
loF
49
$bel @mF,.d
$e
@Bcq@nces or p.sl
lhe
in r.ms of deh budcn, &d lhe hign ldl of sFodilg alta.led lo . Thc ady md debl $Md!8 absorb th
ffi
Mirirarl
exp.nAE;ft-aia;i;i__-
r095
25.3
I r$crt* [.E--dEE')qq
2.r
Str/ <l{.ror
Ilt
mnoof,Fr
se@*
Lft
3.-A06
.d wiat d.ctop@cdr
e*ic6.
. in
nNcNnffiOfiCnOOOnE
s slow. Funh.Doa, rhc
elore $e
tiClr,
fic
o g g p o o o o g
g l!; u o o E p q o
rit lg
l97os,
d of rhe
,opul.rjon lives
gbw
(rl)e avcEgc
b 196 i. 2.99l.).
fl o
Poo.
s ftg.ds
ue ex,sIe ofcomplioD.
S|,1.
Fis! lbor
ror ao|e
ro
l.eiril@y of $e
tfth.
slal is
lovid.
cirih
wird
sbd
public
sdieq ocr
rs a risk
lh Siar. Such
ren,ng
@|.
of cd@dor
s sjrudion of
sial
eonie eong
siery will
F E
FI
l|t g tlJ a o
&l
ror be abl io
aniutdrc
Funhe@o,,
P@nt
and jnequ.t,ty
199s,
wdid sEnh
Povdy.
mroEi;;G;ilffi
d osumpro., ro{Bt
c6uol
M.
%uol
39.7
p o tlj o o o o o 6 o o o 6 o e g o t3
ttJ
StrJ i{rtrortrr
3.r*rc
chelos of
blau.ry
@ firln<
ircMed
by tow
populaiion is
b.t pediM,
b. FrfoDEd
a
donyhoBly b.twen
rhc
cilia.!d d! tuldionaly."
of rh. xchang6,
fo. conpr dxchegs.
o o o o 6 o E g o o u o o
l1
ft.d
which
for a
p.e.rtiz.lio
s 0
ircE& oltonujti6
The
*o s
inteod.d io thc
Sove@di
bur off
jMg6 (rl@iion of
physical
t.d
no
poud6 ro
f.cili!i6,
@ oEqdcd
l.ft vdn E!t. b oftB of b.ibe.y or oilue of pEfeMriat r.aro.nr!, s welt s ssult or intimidaiio!, Addjtio,rllr, thft
duirg
t!. @w
.x6s.s @DEit d
o 6
of dE !r8edinS!, $tich
[a
pe6'
ed
so stow
obaein rcdrc$,
wbi.t cqr.
i!e!rv6
ro
*!1.0E qs.s
Sr,r
Q{"rr...&y
3.-*66
In
1998,
@ntoned
b $!
tal
up dilnary couns ro
s
cl
CI
wcal!$
ov.nM.d by
rt
s rl
rl u EI o tl n It E g
iil
in
tH fi.
(jvitib
is ind.qt lhe
fte o.ly
bdght
ba ben
abte, ar
$@ @iore,
Cov.mat.
IE @ir
of
exmpl. being
(ha.
Ho*trcr, a t 9? @Bdnxionat eendm.nr ha tow.Ed rh. irdcF.d.!c. ofdle courr in rakhan. Sniorjuds.s ofrhe high coun dd Sup@n coun,rc now chosen by the Prj6. Minist r irolead of bjng appoinrd
on th ptucrptc of
hioriry
by th
cnifjuries of
rhe
ftc
sh,h
ov.r tbcjudiciary, And in larc 1997, rhe ousrinS ofthc fomer chiefjBtce, sdjad AIi
a
paurc
on rhe
Cou.tt ind.p!d@e_
0 0 o E o o g o
G
E s s o g
rl4
bs ben tu heeilg
itr d
lh
c66
of alteged
.odFion fil.d
N. Shaif ed swcrel
llokvd,
the
Suphc
Coun
bs
hied ro EsioE
,**
Shl <U'l'a..,y
E
e.r.*,.
as@d$ut Siviig
F g tat e
E!
cretlibiliiy,
In
1998,
il
oomos
powcr to a
Eligiou
c s g
EI
llt
'ftd
1999,
& qmdq
on
AFil
5th.
g o lll o 6 o o
EI
ti1
Ptin
pl
E
o 6 n 6
E
corvictd in a Pakislrni
a tn , aDd
!l o
@ inte.j..t a
app..l lo
KI
s s o a g
6
at
o a t o
if
sh
inpti$!@nr)-, is
des@hd by tLe
iftmbat loM s
a vicrorv of
@utabililv
coNflion.
fisG
is indc.d consi.lded
a dajor
elaot ofa
cedibt
the
&l!
ce,
onviclion diprEdited
poms.
o PJ EI p tt o Itl n g g o o E} o o p u n o o 6 6
t!.1
p.nicul{ duing
the se@d
Lm
of B. Bhuno,
ol
o 6
tr e o
w
H
llJ
d Th. clioious 6ud Nuld ha b.n aH. to leid *ndher rho Konn, and fEE oc deiemin it! p$.ibL .n.clMl 4 und. DFssuts lom lhe
IMF to
Lw
@ i. qlomiv
vnh
ituGa$ oMomil M.u. P.kisLn enlrueld b . $'ss mpal {$ D Jcnobon rcpLlldoN 'mpodi "e**t A.. *n'ch lals beru .n .nl6b ol lho s@ery G1edr & "."t'.nient ;68.; h.*cion s "" suNilleno s.a. Th4 !r *iten evidne lh.l llr.G @mp6.i6 ,Misd io pav ofisiots 6mpo.6 @l'!lld bv M' 'Mhllslo.o (ioldling 9 pe@t ol slr.cl) to rcr to iGpedjon and p'i* reiiedon ol &.d*i {d Nur'rd Bhu-Ro, shdld fl6v letu . @r 'ld 'le sood3 impori.d inro Pakist n (1994 rt 4
ot att
.aor
n o o 0
E
o E o e
.sl,/ q{irr'.t.y
e.-*a.
6 |5l
ffi
EI
FI
o G g
rd
o u g o o EI o o 6 g o o
EI
e|5fdffiocrgoffit
Fo.
.st'J q{ir'...r.y
e.-*-"
the
I@y
p@ple,
.
to
ding into
plblic
*Fie
a
is srill
opportoity
to gei
aces
durl co.s4une
rcgdds
@ruptior lheE is @mpdon to aler inro $! public swie ud o@ption whcn in ofi@. PaBdoxicrlly, lhc
coowlion, by c@tilg
a
ilgEity
of
raw my
turthr
inclte iae.rivB
for
ens
n u
G G
BuMu6lic @mption
!t dl del.ded by .x.Dple .t
of lhe
th
bp. CoEuprion is
widetd
at
in0Me
hhb.6
of lle Drtio.al
Asnbly
or
ol
$c iemb.ll gov.Dmdt
f&I ddon$are lhrt public
swie
jobs se
ntrlhd
by th f&r 1hat
b&y
of
rh*
political .ppoi
..3
hid.,
al rhe
lo*cr levels.
but the slstcn
public
olfieE,
of Sovetuent
di$closd of
b*6
th.
e$
for public
wuls
is conPosd of m
derlFert of
inslrucliotr,
lh*
ul.s
.mci.ncy in Pdoting
cinflio!
lcea! dbpositios
of
i sln is
buiffi,
blsin*s
St"l Q{"t-'rtry
o 6 6 o o c o
Th@a.
a
frcirfiEi, @nflicr
EI
W6tern concept,
Stur4
rolcrating @.flicr of
intcdl
is
is a
c s 6 o c E
u o 6 o
betler compesation,
Thcr
uMinity dong
hlow
ir
@ r@
5 F o t5 rit o
EI
swival's lvelsa.
s ed indNtry, .xplai! th rDgnitutle o{ @eplion. l,{ salary leEls e comonly cil.d s rh. Daio qplMtior for
tod
job6 of
r:
simjlr
stana
in bBin
o q
9l
Il!
s
6 6 e
E E
t.
Ei
E E E
evidec
lhat
Pnblic [email protected] of
lw
public
wiq
by
E E tr
o o
defue
The
of compdo! is
iftRa*d
$is'\)tt*ity eTet
e o
tr
G
govdm r!.aredly
rh
E g
g
E E
disbed legislaloE.
The
Co\rmr
6d
e g
ConslinEd
Assbly,
With the
mp.otion of
d.
Public
ad
h,rd,
@ loob
intqdins
to
db'fu
or
move mdbe6 of
bEoEtuy
6 For *mpre, curent G17 l6sl (whidl i! 5 hioh .v.l ot bu@u6&, slary ol Rs 5,000 rhich ir d.fcbit in pdillno lor blic i.6d3.
civil
$toa.td
@lE
St.z Q{',r'-ary
Ft!96tly a hhir&r hs
ba $.stut i!
havilg
.! --!o!.Frc
wfth rb.
o|@ldrs
of rb.
tlafmd
C.S.P,
lo r diflaan
Diri3r.. hish
dr.u,ta Girroe
Offieri
in
Asi|rio
ch.pr
if lF daDd.d io inrafo!
eidiry
ryncn of
FonDlid
el.diDS t
A'.lrtic
wi6 fitr
hE
Eguind
politicil
bflEE.
mjd ch6g. i,
th. civit
mrde@r io U. Cooldnlriotr
Fs.! of6.
by rhc
E.b cirlF
pr.sidc d
. lts
wic6 vw Bigicd E! h.ld 'dqi.g rh. plac of dE Pcid6t..t AttouC 6c CoEdntri@ ,qqiFd rh. pBi&
ro
hin. AI F6ts
ro
at 'ir edd!i..
rlE
nU
ro ao
r, d*
crok Frlgleh
hrs
in r,'r.
e, !d
rb.
if $,
qt ! 4tvie
br r{idqld
a.rdinliool ctE8.,
.t.d.d Epllo|rdiB
*tc i! . wql
F$rEl ee BlIy conf$d ro @ o.cr'idal r6afd i! qiich @ h!!au els cx.lu,8d fd &di3 Al@nr! of &. govemqt3l intorution *tdch eDc to t niniid s .hs8 lcd r,rw{eh dr
rh. tarDrn nr
porili@, Th.n
i!flltre oq
"s4taid',
in !^ll ch
b|uE
pdritic.
Any ordd!
ton lh.
Djlir6
neoffiooosnoffiocH
J.^ttcec
w
vcates of $
rh. LgislarG ad obirels fril io &rlc th@, d..isio! nEling v6r by d.sulrlo thc civit or milir!ry wi6. It G ib. FoviEid q enF.l sr.brirls, <'onieted by rhe blElt@,
elared
decisioE ha.t to be !Ede.
&d
B E B
rh*
policy decbio6.
is ldopled in
Frfu@tory
llllM
by the lgjslatuF
sitholl lay
sioB
o tl o 0
of the
Th eleted
b@l@y
.treciively for
sqil l@B:
do nor
l. 2.
*dousv
$.n otres
lbe polilicias
Most
hv. !
ns
fouo*irg.
ffi
l,te
ddFwing
dEir
oppomr.
divid.d mong
l.
In
The
politicim
ih.nelv6. Ih@
is ab6me of Ddry
ey
showdom
bet\M lirlaioF sd
ih PEsi(M,
!r gomrn
tr
@ntd or poviftial
md enjoys dE
mFralon
civil.d dilit
wal rDlitiot
bac. Apprlximr.ly
60
lh.n cd n.iih.r
oy lmguge.
rd
offinoffimomsa
dd Poliii6
in Pa}tut& is
SLr Ql'rtr-try
J.-*o,o
otae60ilffiooetffi
ird.FdeM
of a
s
E
large
tlMbtr of
citia
tu
Phtiid! Mcr
eil
ot tb.
cuti[ro8
cmpl.rety de!.rdor
o s Fl e o g o e o tg g g o o E[ o o 6 o f, g "!t
rhey lilled,
Sindh.
ad.tirioq
ih.t loot
to hid for
nid
L1
Not su!trisin8ln
p.l(ise.
TtFy @ n qu.nity
Fe6; em
wll
.r!d
!d Fd,rs
Lr.r hd sndi.d
oteldn
on a lege
mah
ltudow. my
be
Fls
with
*toft
the civil
s.l@r
ilretligd y
wrld.
good
Th. I..dlord is
mmlly 6
&m eih
lhe djsricr
thc
ofllq i!
his
.R
T}c
latq
is EspoBibl for
s EI H s o 6 s ({
hdie $bconiiMt
lcgal
grc @n*ndivc
n*
cn{g..
Th. landlold
Mitd
t os
rlst
elbfut6 poied.d
@d.idd.
bd Ffom bw.
gowcnt wll
and havc
im.di!r.
d@s to
the
flT:::::'-ffi;:c
g
E
@ns.qa.dy
cood pcition
lesislarion or aanrnsoaion
r"
fr
dc
ody
eru,err
@r fono*
tll
",r*
tt
lceisllw.
lhe lsdlold
thtr he
.M1on
'r tlPir
his
E 6 E S E
r5
*n a a nanq .r.urig.rion.
$Ue
bc qn
orfidn
This
Mv sh
Fec
iac of
to
nor
"n"i^
"-tl"
ro hold
offie wirbo$
beins
sbj*t
06 5 o 5 o o o s g pl n a l.l u g o -ti) $
EI
**,
lirel) to
E L{6 on sme or $. ch!@reristili oI a coNNar\' club: m haidlv b descnb' 6 E pladom md t6nv lovattica e ienpoEry ai $ eitu nwenratre oI tsFs'ble Patv eM I h.u, or r"ei.luL .upponi.s $'lticheE grcw he farc6 at $' nomdt He @v I *.i0. to *' "o rtit o* pdiv raldns hb prsonal following m he legsbtuE aons wiuh o r,in r" rrre ."ao ro' *brer pos. r@peu m quick dd pe6oBl reu& bF't ou Tne $ trvicw of lesislaLion dd s"rloi.g of rrb. thc da) ro &v onrdsdv of budsd S 'd*rar,ne E *" *r* o, *.*to* o. bliog or nspotr'5ibilitv hde lit{e alFil dxt eE avoid
G
b sBsresive in nehdns
""*
- **
IT
IIE l'sisldot
oM
o 6) s p g o o lit
ti I'l s n
o o &l o
$ E S E
ts
***.
srnis
do
mt tnriv' io suh
policv
iopons
dsisios theNlv6
$ f;
d-
* ,*o* -nt ha* . codpldt moNpolv of legisldrv poK in Pali$d' -ft@ d a nmbq of tibel L'de6, fG exsdpL' st@ folowi!8 is'qu'llv t*. ,** * @lom aldbush odd@ble nm 'gaiE lre Eib'l
oan'er rhomr' rhe
,6n5n Prcsp"r
'n
rldi'
{orhi
unffiitv P'*L
6n66,'oodaoo6@ooo'
""o*oamo"o'o'Gt6f,
.std <U'it!a.l.y
3.-.h..6
nd6
of
ard
uuatly
6nn$d
o o tal 5 n
tg
iB F] llJ
I!
MaI
bur greuing
g6u!
a td u
-4t p!
@s'ning of tlE
m@ial
ald pofssi@sl
dei
hift wtE of
of
tll
oBid.nu inn@e,
but il is
6n6r.d pri@ily
lhe @ndirios
a6.
Hoqevr,
ndy
lmdlords Day mr or
afi.nfl to iiprcv
their
l@ts.
ou
Ihey do
ml hsibr. io b(ibe
irll@
gormtur'lmplo'61o s.re
muld Ey lo lh*tn
efrorts
10
theii
nds, The
bullenls ealiztd
o 6l 6
duote dd eldom
oih.flir. iDFovc
{d
thal
goup, they
s F[
iftle$
agticu|lml ptldu.tivity.
fdni6
&m
ald
padicdely
o o o o g
|!J
b@lml$ howd
th
Diddl+class
fdili6
bul
o n
ad
had a
l*
&
@llwltrw
oudook
tu!
typical laldlotd.
The
b@umls ad th.
exreisdtion
10
bn
kduted ltidlod!
hlve
nuh
in
@lmq
il
o
s o s g
&l
would b
deib. thm s
apr@h
!o
ey c@,
boih
o o
*td.o
elucrrion
sd
sds
d
thal
$e
Fobls
Pali5rd
-Iaev
hlE m llld
in
s n
eat
in 0E staru quo, or
le!s1 in slow,
r:
E}
poluiion.
Borh Es!.ct
Bo|n
@tit
ad
strble Polist4
o@
si.lly
dd. in @sl
c.s
sjov
@thcis
p a o g
ltl
6l
onPany.
ffi
6 o boo0u6$url0ffi
Strd Q{er'rr&y
e. *e.
apperd
is
n:onn5eoEFntrmoEr
t
lo
b b
F]
E
'nE civil s.twts G
a
cla
rcU
ave
of rh.
red tu
taad
Efod
ni.tjle
a
o o
s EI
ois.d ed
a sllble ag.icuttuat
@tcd.
ft is prebably lhis
(rcio|lslB
rbe
Fevdrd
o $ o
E}
c!
bUl!@E y.
dy ce.
is
rhc
wies N Frti.uldy
stDne in
r*is&n
ad th.e
lleq 6y
i!
g
u lij
E! E[ &;
$ploit
dy
lggEsire wy i!
otr6
bjlitdywi6
Tb. Burerucntic I.fluerc.On Public Opinion
o
d
&! FI
e E
IE
lne Indid
$bconIi6r
6nli d
ofspdh
ti' b. us.d b
in lhe
Psliid tt
tb.
govfut
andldtili@
ohna.b to
sioB
il.o!d
sperd.d duiog
of
Tt @riirtiotrd
povbior F!d:
Evry
p ci o o 6 o o g o g o g
6
&l
fr
i .cr "
of lltc
leuig
of
rorji.a
cI
dt
Oneff snFcmoo
Sul Q{rtrottv
Pottoo
0 E o o o til 6 rj| s
FI
Co6iddins
l|@ba! of
cd
dftd "@nablc"
ThcE
by thc couls,sr
.d
is
th.e
lb!
p.nd
t laisioE
6 o o
t''l
Ac@rding to
$e
@tutitu0oD,
4y fon of '1l*o@ojcnion"
is slritlv
mdoEl fdctio.. Radio boadcdilg and telvision is th. Esponebilitv oI lhc @tt
tll ct
?rgtm! @ tioid
a sPinl
of psi.iotrs' Mlion'l
uity dd
t6E!d@
mong lhe
tr
9dde, eadi@iio! of
pBdol
so.ial
ails,
a
mdsl
of ftling of
0 0 o o H o
tm
ou p@ple od pronoti@ oI
s.N
of bctt"
citzfu
ship
8*nl
o n E n 6 o o 6 6
Mom
of rh.
Pt6 in ?*istan
o tc H@
in
of tb.
D6
$G
irdin't
m'tbods
of
o.sion lv rsd
ou sieiv' @ lidttr
dllol ds
c o
*!!Dri
widlolding of
addih6t5'
bsd'lg d.
Es
ch@Bls
lid Bs 3ll|B
rlE
dE ngh to
*lti.h tl*l @
lsitioarclv
6ddcd
of
ft'
i!
@nni@
of *itboldrng lbc
tddg
lt'vslrid
.e dcidsEd t3 @utE in Crdio.3 bv ''DEc6dont'.' Th. Munk Rpon .hN U.dividd tni 6hph3.B pbed oi v.ry cl5rly tl6 '|e
e.-*'" nf,trtmEmuffioo G
s n
6 adv6ary,
Th Centr.l
the
&d
o 6
E
El
siM
ona followd
pa.tie of
d
withlbldiog wavoobly
ldv.ni$Dat
on th.n
and
'apopcd
$hich
mdt
n o a
G!
io vnich
!@y m@ sunPleti6
FI
e
th.
add.d eodiDe to lhe $!titl6 of tbc $hdiDg Flilicid tdd uliioely b qrLil
IJ
o
EI E;
! oNitlenblc @u!3
Pakistan,
ib
c ril
o
codtrol
tlt
pss
rul of rh
subcoltiMt
egistzlio.
'Ihe
la*
povid the
golcmst
with
irl
md uPtG
vEid
pubtcaiions Oihq
Fs
6y of 0F Fglbdm
sP.ci6cd
i! tL Ls AI @pt6 or rhc
ddd
whic!
be.df$d.d s
th'
8ov@1 t'tloiitiB d*
ev
wl*vq
@nEining
10
Coltment
lhat
Printing
PB"
ued
for lhe grlosc of Pdnling or publishins .nv @s!apcr, b@t or o$cr docwni
ey wrds,
o
sis.s, or visible
FpEnllii6
s'tsch t!rd,
diddy
or indi@dv
of
!rir8
.. or tbc
tdbirislrid
j6lie ir
public ord6r by
te
hlgh Enking
judg..
.St,/ <l{ir{'...y
ffidf, q./,&\H
\ME
e.^,t"*
dcii.
EoEeneomoooooo8
disfi@tion iorsds
s o
o o 6 o 6 e 6 6
cl tlt
E!
o s o o g E g 6 g g o g
g s s o
Hi! Maj6ty or t! eid covel]m.r .. d to ind@ s plbric sder.. ro .ro ey a.r @@icd wirh th..reis of his pubfic nDcdoN or b 6isn hn ofrc, or io pDnDre f*li.gr of emiry or b,t!d bet*@ diftr closs..rlE Polircial Gol!'llt@l @y...deLc suity ...l.' b. forfeiGd -- q sh..G suily ha nol bdt dc!6it d , decl@ {P Pts !o be forf.i!.d...aid My aje d.cle.ll @pi.--ftrfeiilid' Under @t\d &! thc collal eovemdt @uld requiE df editor prider, d publishd to v.rl th l@e od addt s oley FMn who had $Pplied ih. infoE lion dmed objedomble by the govdnnent. It @uld al$ (quiF tbd cetain o}e orE* bc cmocd prior io publicaioq ed it @uld it n @Nidets n4$4ry or dpedjmt' -,9 pdhibit rlioselh.r lhc public.lion ofmy nwsp.pd, Fnodjc.l or l.atler." Udder fiis s la* rhe c.ftl govcmdr "if etisfied sirh Espet to ev poniotla FM! Mialioa o n btistMr lhat n is i*Mv or dp'di6t for rhe pEpoe of lbjs Ordi|]!e $ ro &,' ould pl!6t tE sFs'lins or Pub[!hi4 of dv de. Epon or inlotullor or 6e dtrhlre ordv tilrE or tlE b'ldi'g ordv ndins
ey clN
or sanid of His Majcsvs subjdr...d io
o
A
l
H
H
l*
H
s
E E E E E E E c
H
Nmbry,rtu.dpMion
u th. d,stict oficer. Tli job is eitho b.ld bv 6 csP otrei, or fr&tioned e'ld lhe priDdilv a $pryision of a c.s.P offcer' Sirce rhe Mint Mce of public order is povircirl fec(o4 hosl instsrc* involling th @ of ihee la* o@uftd al thd ldel
Whal
goveMd offici.l
is
au.tonEd
to applv
dee
bs?
In de
pbvin6
E E
6
E E E
'
P.kcEn. Th. P'g (Emeq.nc.y P*Bl A.t Pakrbn Puor'c sa6rv od'tu@. xv e r 040)
1931
s.c6
i5
ffiEf,mmnsn6
entd
ihe
Jo**o,o
lds @
be
B.l
oDly by
tlF
govMl
adbnti*.
rds.
ar
hlppercd io
dcidin8
be a strtrnS
ed nrclionilg abimt
nor
slElhq io ueor
ue
such
l.w. Hoftva,
dr eoE@l
o.
if
P&sidqn is rEking
of h3
de4cncy pored,
M
EI
tgt
ue
s@h
E}
6 it
ci
o
Ig
oEr6{r5Ee6006dnon 6
E c c d
.9,J q{irr...r.y
e.^*e
Ig
e g c: o o
Chaptr 7:
biwq
bl!fuEy
bl@lI@y ireli ir
I'l ilt
s tlt c e
g
;'] tg
tg; IgI
Elltim btu@
b@mncy dd *ity. o
6 E o s d e E e E e o e B 6
ei
coBtatu. Sone
Borh lh
witi*
r,lpoe of
tg
$tich
i!
adnini&ative
Dk6, and orhd $U@ in a sovmoti by ortB ctmnn in th. sial ordq, qled to rne
$e ru16, poticy
Efom
u'&n kd
oft of $e doF:
s E; s Ltl
g
E
ti!
govmqq
or by rhe
b|llla|lfty
irs.tf,
i! ill grch fd e
.d.qua&
d.gE of iliEMl
oh6i6
ard
disipliE. rr
o o e
e e
.n6 itdcFnt @
innunce<t by
srsd f&los
prioriries! lhe
imluding
dd .@obic
Elatimhips Pr}jsl.n Blablbhcd nxl @jnrlincd wirh orbq n iioN in ih. w,ld,
Ddticulely win $e Urited Slaies
slablishrcni ofPltisron
ed
Muslim
shti.s.
dd
ihe
o g 6 o o o E; c s a g c o o Ll
o E g
t9
Alrlbugh
E
r!
E
|ll
lh@
ui,l
cononic
dd $cial bllis
for it bgd lo
dege
in
ile
l9ur cnrury. Ii
mt uril
the
6
FJ
E a!
6
eouoo0ffire|Euoog
E
Shl q{irs..ry
6 g 6 o g
E E
dogf,nf,
e.-.r..
onooHooooo{rpoo OH p p
bdigM
popd.tio of
who had
o
E E
l!i
MUeDad Ali Jituah, etD dEw his repori rct toD lh.
c tg
o
pEhl
toh
sDong the
sn
o ta 6 E e o g o
tr
E
toblicly
drio{at
*s th. only FoviF \{w MNlin tragE hld a foodold and Sindh tu&nbly B $c 66r ro pB a rluid fo. rhc @tid of Pdasld. IE Msti6 ofin
stlte. Sidb
s r!
&l
thc
poM ba*
rh
of ihc MusliE
I?gE ir
E
H! &I
its
agjritid.jd
a
tn
c o g
o @ g
EI
GI
E
to
boE
h4
i!
Sirdh
hr
he
cdwted l4*]q,
p'fqEd 3petdlg in
F.ferd
FI
Tt
agdd! m.idg
n'te
6t
EI o g c g
slate
of
Pakislan,
te$iotu
ed wd
bial
ltAi@
1o
6 c o llr o EI 6 E c g o
GI
s t-!
o G o c o o
E
E}
*ll
hb
o g E 6 o n d
G!
Esid.
Alhough
only o.e
ytr.nd i!&podeft..
syndr
Flsnal
of Bdilsh dnd
cF.tld Civil
@Dtinued by
ttt
&t
E'
G'
sl@ss, o''ly
lhe endu.l
Fpla.mdt of Bitish
offi6
by !3li3l.his
a B!
c 6
E[
.@pte4 Tbis
.epta$
by Q@id+Azm .!xl
olh6 tulowirg
|.t
s John D Montsom.ry, Sdt6 ol BuE.lratjc R6iom: A Typology ot po4!* and !otiti6: PolirbEl aid r'dminbr.liv Dsveropmnt Duk6 unisGity Cmmnwtfl studiB C6nbr, Ouke
e e
e G)
Srd Q{rrolry
w
ottr
it wrs a
3.-.h4.
d Mb..s
!n0000ffi8n
of
El|lm
l!
civit
*ic..
TIE cliE
srculcsP sls
policy
pt
iD.ll
ffi
mltirg
o
til
!d
Ei
of FrolEt Bisro.tl,
idlo
tbreush
lt
civit
si@ of
rrlistan .od lh. onF mtll lpaio! wiB {@ugh e .olrrE qeiotid F!c.du!
B bird ioerds rlE idividud! wtD hd @ivd e ctiri4 libqrt !r$ Bi6i9 .ducado dDugh rh. E diu of E!lbh. Ito6. tEdir.d Omgh 6.
*!ich
Pdiaid
@dd not
Civil
Sdi
rtiE
oo
. pat!:en
!o
bnb.
ofr6.
0S6.
o o g o o s o o o E o o o o
e g
EI
|!gh.d mrs
P.tisEn
PCS
g lr.inii8 Mrr ., clgies, docrorr .!d rcialids could rSiF lo lh. lop trili*{ivc n posts in th.ir ou DinistiB si@ t s. v@ tgvcd fo. CSP ofi6. Ita. idivid.l5 o 6 vilhin th. sysqn @pLd qilb politicil h.d6 *lF h&loEd E .tu61loMd! th. CSP o o cliqc hm.d i!. b6ir for rgitrdoo lgriBt th. ilhsir.d 3ytur ed rnioi!Ld rlE 6 o d.oat fq q'nirid.rirc 6 F6@, Ilis d.o&d fd Efodiig tb. syrd b.gE lo o o ddge In 1953, dre gov.(|wnt of Palind invii.d Ro$&!d Eggd nw USA ro o 6 .Mjc prblic leior orgdiztioo lad [email protected] &d ,o E& !@@od.tion! for q 6 posibL cldg!. Hc nEd. tL blowiDg otdcndioo! Egrdirg t d.fici@i6 of cl 6 o Fl$@lm$4e'Mt in Palis&. G o o Uniwirv P@ ourh.m 1969. Po, 427.a23
.sl'.a <Uit..r.t.y
e.^.rc,"
"il)
lorlds,
g
o g g s o n
E
EI
r@ bowd up
iq
and 1oo
s!@iar
drMic,
to
lhe
the
u tjt
i5 tij itj
abjtiry; it
@i6
Ir
ioo lird. of rh
ii
@liEly oh66s.d
,ih
o &l a
t
EI
irt r6ls
of rhos. alrqdy
i!
wie.
&l
e E g 6 o o g o g a 6
(2) Rmiohdl nsdlds e daic, ed tui6|at &d cxhirErim lcchniqws 4 fd Enoved A@ c@!y a4cpt d g@d pradi6; ib.y uxtddioDre
Fofouldly boih the peennel
inteliSenr
pol.iridtis
of dE
sie,
,!d tle
greqrh
ed
inreUclurlty
divc, e@
ihough by
uivssity sr6!d5ds,
roted,l of p,{eidired
s EI
o p u H g o n o o o o o o o o n o o 6
el
i! |.t
{3)
6
'Irrc
eletion synen
oh
gp,
o o o o
EI
el
mi@i
(a) ft
*des,
md r\e
Glad* diftC.rd of .al@iry for gb$,il! @aled a en of oficial pEddnsdon['odrcirg . jdi.ely Catvini{ic tuc inio rtre rehiftry of & rshic S6te.
(5) Ptu@l ldDjred !o 6e hi6 4 ibBcdjd.ly jmFtuo!d b.hird rhe hi8n vdlls of nDDy si6, ard lidte qnl@ . qia@ is .q d.retop.d. (6) PoslDe of r.MnEl b prricd, jobs is roo moie lod ond roo lid.
i.nu.nc.d by rh. opnod of lhos dftirioe BpoBibfity fo. *rut is don h
the
o a
L.l
job;
lhft
is loo
iftsrs
and
{toffi 6&$IEEAWO&E5UfdtdU0[5U6UE
St q1 ....t y
0)
Om@
iend io b.
nooos|0sEooooo o&to
o$efud *idr wi@ nmb.ahip, ridc, clas
and
Ent
o It o ll
IlJ
o o 6 d o E e o E a e 6 o 6 o
E
EI
and 1@
litle
@!dt
tg
E
wa
or lcs @omi to ooM
F.l
EI
Howvo Pbfcsr
pe'tin io
dE ivil
wie sie
It a
l-I
till
in P.kisllrj itcy
d mE
eo!tunls ds.
wler
'No civil
iil
tg
its
tuo!
sub!ruienr io
shoutd b
&adenic siardlrds.
PeNml hw.
$e rEI
a ts! p
l|t
i5
GI
ul
Ai omer
no
ousht lo h4ve som pride ofFryi@ and eva pri.le proud ofthe
F o
ofpl@,b n
ousht io b. cvm
is
wtt
in \,bich l, is
copoding ed
g o e o
EI
tq
!edin8"."
liic mificaion of rhc .dirc goup oI hployes inro
intcrn
a
o EI o tat
o o p E) o
ffi ti:
EI
lgmendd
i sdia
single
greupinS
eLly for
adninisrrariv
c
cl
E
GI
coavdme
H.
also
Mbhmd.d
EI EI
g 6 6 o a 6
EI
qiricizd dE civit
wie
rlr
s
fi
cl
rit
adnbisalire ststeh
6.
ls'l]|qded a si6
lhe
of Edicat
chrE*
in ilE
oraaialio! siEnlt
!d imtio.og
Bre
of
of
Esldll
I
Thc
irted of th.
dDdd.d@ 6
ro eliminal. rhe.liE
AI
c o
E}
: Esg:, Novembd rr. hDitumr oi puDr,c adm.m@ion ,n p.iri!n. Kachi lo*1.nd 10,t953.pp 13413A
ooooffiffel&|aHpGEiffo
ooooooooo0600
PalisbD
Slr/
Q{ar'.'ary
e.r,,.,.
o$trlonooots&toogcfiou
S.d6 +eialy CSp ard ro oFn up rh. srsle,! ro othd ry!6 ofi.lsn ad t"jrir& 'fte CSp doninrred gow.Erofs Egoe b &* @or'lold.tios s$ oe3'live and re noi eepuble. b t955. mlhd U.S, qFn BdE d Ctadieq w
comr.red to
udqtalc q aEllsis of govdmot orgaizador for Bijond dwloplMr ws titrle bii diffeEn!
in
tu
ofSened adminjsfaliv
ltEre ed
g n o o o o EI b EI n u iil fI
l.t
f@tonbe,
Eomqdcd
th
me
EI
E} p ll EI $
rcsadiDg rlE
egdding rh.
f.dnt
and
bo.ds
ar
{t
'!J
"@
Blablislndt of iadoral lddinilrlrriE [nirirg irslirudonr nls orha.!@mdarjotu Ejor.d by 0E govmorr tlle potiti..t
inslalitjry
tu
oftE
t95os
boueht !o
fi
cloe with
rhe
d.cladion of M&dat
the
who alpoinrd
6 s o o o o o
6 g o a
ts 6l bl
Arlb
onirol of
rh
@Dry. Dbrlg
@ly psn of
o o p o o
r,
cr4,s@
in sil
a6
of
ativity ia Pslist a includilg puuic ddhinislEtion. L 1959, Ayub KatD ,ppoinbd rhc chiefjEd of p.tjshn. A.R_ Coftti5, lo bed th. pay ed Sdjc6 Cmaision. IB rDDda& wr lo e@jre !h. org&izarjon, srn n! od
iucrioning of rhc .dninjsrlrivc
syst
a o o o EI o
GI
and to
&e
ielDmlddation
io
Arlb Khd.
It loot
tE comjssion ulil
or the Eeg6
1962 ro
o n n d 0 o EI o u o
ed
qlh
Cbdiu
turi{nd@
Sinild !o the
fi o
ajt
.9'J q{d'.'.r.y
o 6 o E o 6 o 6 s e o u c g 6
E ti|| E E
Aftriq
3.-*.F
o cl p c p E} n
fjt $i
ItJ
*de
rg&dts
b&IgD@ds.
of rh. Civil
Sine
of pr*jn
!@
to b.
ullvoabra
Alri dhere.izd
rhe comission,s
lffitMdlrio6 a
6!i
s&ge
r)
tat
e o
qtiE sdbhisratile
o
tir
wie
of Potisrd ro mititary
Ilj
of dE
6 Cntd SuFnor Swi6 ftnt, bdj& Opte6, hc souet ro omtop a coatilid b.tEn o E thc civil and nitirary si6 rhal hc vluld @ntrot rh. airy of nitilary offi@6 rc u g bgu in U'c oly t 0b and @iniru.d iI !od.r. g o 6 E e.xtEMenl % Ia&rhed ro srrblish elonoeou o @Dor"tion !o r.te @ of g G e cat in techiicd.sp.c6 of&vcloptk4 with a btr fl*iblc @.snutioA Mth l.red 6 adDinidaliw poea snd Mg noc fErcial amiomy. Ti @i! objer B b .ut rd c EI o 1aF dd !o comonal. on obainine hSibte !6utrs. .ft. nhber ofaurorcdos bodiB o o b mi*d !o ma the fony h botn wines ofrt coulry. 6 a TIe Section Ofrq Schc@ *6 inirbduced lo ,cdue lbe cl o srebrial stafi, io cur doM p.Fr
EI
KI
r[
hd( ed io obvtue
@ays.
di{inction bet@n
Rsorgal4
p.k,3bn
Go@h.*, r-
o**pl* "" -a
v",
.sl,l
g 6 o g 6 o s g s o o o s o o o g 6 c 6 o g E[ o 6 o EI g
<l{.b.'.1.y
ffiao
Er
nadc
ro
e.-.h..o sadno
i!
budgeting,
,@uiil8 dd
to
fimial
conirol. G@ld
srsld of 6misl
buitr inro
tF
Aethe
10
fi
i..l
s signif@ B
pov6
to
Cim@lr
io
dclegab
$. Delartmls
h
A
1962 th Pay
eil
Siryie Comissior
pEsided
ovd by Mr.
Juslie
u u a u
fiI
ut
,al
iq hl
of
6.
pEpord.Ee
UI
fJ|
fr.t
ovd
0l[( swi.
TlE folowirg
obsMtioB *@
nEde in
sro.d
s ld s
s@d
wie,
v?bjch
.njors re!ryalion of
t plh
in the
li!
FI
u s u
6
6 0 o o g o o n a o o o EI o
E E
adninisfationiotbcnwicrl.xte of.bod3l%inq6ofiisou10|.l|MbGs. 'ftis sinDdo! c.@r b. .ltoped ps io un&ric.d fbe birirt cbinr d@ly of slFridiry of i llect s pbved by qu'dlion tcsf s;ich *s orc of lhe {oudalion
pin66 o! whch dr. slprioriq of lh. rndim Civil S.ruie
bc
ois.d in
Eper
of th. C,S.p.
it is composd al
a
p!!gld posr
.ight ro @crpy
ir pudic
wie
snodd
b.
prclj.g omF.terc ro do
saliifa.tory
hs b@
$.
sryie
which rlEF
otrs
or
have
o o o {t n o m o o t o
o l''l
t5 fri
rd
Etue iI
oD rhe bdds
of
lEdario
Er.d
jr tav(
of a enain
sti@
ehich
sa
R.
cdlw:pay.nd sob.
oEEm600Egngo
.sl'l <Uik..l.y
3.-a.'.
of,tronooffimo6E
g
|ll
tg
in ihe public
sflie
thed
lhe C.S.P. eslcially in th.
I!' g pl
Ewdion
of
sior
posb
fd
CdF.l
a g
Sdlldar d.
pon ets: -
&t
poss @
f.l
"A Dajodty of
lh6.
!!grd
f!ct,.
of
dE
o o
c@id@U. pDlotiion of
PDvincial Sryi6 in
th* l!g!.d
poss
s g
o s g F' g 5 o o
Ei
b!s.d on pohcal
6di.lentio6
re@mqded
lha,t
th*
a srep in lhen
on the grcud
of
o
It
slFuld b. buil up in
sd
1i.B
Tte S.v6-Ti.B
Sdic6
Stilled worka dd
tut
low
o o o n e o o o n o o 6 o o g oo
o o o o o o o o
&l
e.
ao..
lwl q
to divisiful
4A.dd.t
hEh.r
(Pak6t@ aAninisbatire
Ore
to
fDdid 6
ili
tit
EI
C@rdirror
6 u
io
0 6 e g w o c n 6 g EI o n
E
llrmb.6 of ail
shom, ord of
the SuF.ior
Sdieilo
posion
of
@tsgsid qpaciri6
*li.l
bavc ben
ollg
E
E E
oftliring.'
'Irr following obwation
nade
"Ihe vdiou
ntrdc
p*trlitrcoryonled
ii
Ll@
peM
ud.r
o o
'ftd s
lffib.6
of lnis
Comisio',
om6.
The following is
d extrt ton
dE
"With th.
incjte
Govem6!
the
&.d
urdeslhd
and
mrdiErc
pubuc ,olicy
ed
.rDEr it !o dE
seldom haw a
sdic6 cd
Shl <4dft'...y
EOOffi60GIOCEOS ors
or
e.-!Ln
vhal is
onoon@offioooffio o E
n..Nry
in tlEir
view ofthc
ic Dicte
eDd a
of Glvcmnt
oM
m*
to
10
E E
prode i, tE
the
@relatcd publi.
wie.
Apdicltor ofd.isi6
o public policy
rchnicd fcld
is bcyond rhe
@mFlae
n e I.I n ti: p
L.,t
E E
To a gnd xlent,
odminislrtile s'sten
tF
ed
tecrioni.g of lb
inu.d
tg
&l
stor
in all
e6
of narion l
@nonjc
Board
Clmision ws
pltuing
u o
tlJ
iis
chrilm
dd
respotrsible
pld for
lbe @nonic
KI
e E! 6 o o
iil E
ihrcush
in the
{onony
c
n o
of publi
ale'lris.
dd
The
Bdts ofda.lopndl
efrorts had ba
dcd positiye. Ar
rhe
ptuvimial, distlict
slaL nat!rc of
viuagc
govemht
k'oh a
of
Epttgtaljvs
6mnic daclopn
prg|m
did
blow llle
s dcnqariq eo!@stal
lh b.sic
dcnetu/s ehdc
inrodE
afr.j^ rld adninisrario. ArIb Kh& andptd to moddize lhe adminisfadve systdn
by Uc
inr.dEdo offtw
pubtic
iistinlim dd
by
dlhdiog
0E reL ofpublic
sror
oGnoonfi I
Str/ qlrt*roy
3. Ad6
Esf,mmEdffiod6{o 5
a o s g g o g q c
E o o
ntnffiffinnnooo6 o
mdl
md
o 6
o o o o n o
rat
det
loe Howd
a
bis song
p6idddai fom of
govcmr
slren p6sw,
o
Yahya Kb"tr
ct
o g
E a d s s u 6
d a E g o q s o a
duitg l%'?l
M
d
pbbls
FI
of
f.l
Ei
is8
dividins
V6t
Plkistao
dd Eln Pslilt.n.
300 civil
6np6iion
of civil adniri-sdion
tt trgjig
0S6
lrd
cpl&ilgIh.n
with milit&y
@ured du@g
1969-?1. bur he
dru.fu., dd
a
frDctioning
of th.
si6
of elba.*r ehich
hd
sh,len
itt
.latio4 &d
lhe 618.@ of
dd Mujib.u-Rdmd
kmM for
wi@ ofP.&i4la4sP-tsis
the
siN
$Esrioc 6 ro
d.
coDrinuiion of th.
stsld. S@dly,
iEbilily
10
Flrc
tbe
Egioraly dodin.l.d
i!htl@.
{d
si6.
Ai thc
end
rt wie
@ndnties
190 cn
bad
ofcivil
in Ean Pahsr.n
ir Dc.hbq
19?
I, Yahya
cbaim
clduld o cL.r
Std
<l{.dr.r.t.y
e.-.to'.
Pakislln
.l6lio, Mt, Z.r.Bhutr. who 6lsr cft4Ed .rlionally d a mdbd of Ay$S dlict ir 1959, rc a
najonry of National
in thc
1970
political
sialit!
baed
d.mMtic pdnciplB.
o o o 6 o I'J o o
6)
@mpl.te @.tlol
eovcm..1
in Pakjsta. His
stdeg/
of
*hifl4
@nol
udeEtsnding admirjstsliv .voluton duing this criticd psiod, B.foF his asmpuon
M leD
10
toMd.
fiod
thc rop
His dislilc
ddiltd tod
he
tw
ew
$@s.
6 a bi@t nili(li,
did
sw
Arabs
Bdel
of Bbunot
plG.
He injii.rd his
@ud
lbar
ard
rgE&fting
of th civil
stlcgy
sflie
of
and polndai
odlpts e
ohy
*l@l8 suld
pm6s
of making a
ftw coNtilulion
w raincd id l9?3- Ir hd lbolish.d tbc onsindoGl glMtes sffordcd to ihe civil Fie, r'bicb bd ben pesl of lhe @tr*itlnioN of 1956 ard 1962.
fo. Pakislan lrnich To Fpl@ the @6dtu1i@rl
gluml!*,
he
disnisi
of
.I
civil
0f[6.
efods w6 $e
Gpod of ihe Mc.r
@i$ion,
comision dladish.d in
bad
1972
sfich
M eiq
a lundare
KIb
Sr,J Q{,r4r&y
e.-J,,4"
5ann|ef,ffio|5&ne c F
E
lrd
EssEl
lhe
*rui6
of th. old
6 c o
o o E o g
inb thc
Gradcs
dilm inution
of lh.
wic
$reugh
{E cMl
rl o
E
!t
ril
blml@y
on the b6is of
arn
f@Iy
sie
a
s*
wie
E E!
E
E
t:
rell1@t of th old
wi
Cmupings
Etuined.
ft.
AIUG
dod
in a pnicutat
a E o o
i'oninsdNits.
Mr. ZA. Bhlno!
of otc Did,CIe clas
of
d*
9di6
rrE
3N
cd{d
tu
in
.pFilop"trrs
!o lhe
upF g..d6
suunft
of th
@ie
w& ch,re.d
udd
Z.A_
mlirg
th* p@ss
rhe
axl
iMrpoEted ih@ inio rh! Pddc Mjnhr.ds offi@ ald dpsded fitrthd
public
ole ofth.
sior
liad
a n@ba of
Fivar
shippibg. thc
@sum
ne dc.!d
srabtished
pudic.nreryis
pte or
Slel Q{errrary
6 o 6 c n n o
e.-.t"*
Thde &tiotu g.lmled
private
coilohijoB md
mpd 6.
p.iv.te
sror quing
clpilll
noF
the
oury.
ln
tE
of @mbic
Ftain d Atob's
and
e o EI e s EI g o o u 6 e o g o D o g n p g
contrnuld ro
b. fodulalcd bu .@6ic
dewlopdnt
o t5 i5 q
ItJ
trmErd.
issu.d
tt
tbe
Comissioa.6'z
I,L. Bhutio
bcu a victin
of his
os
@don rov.rds
.rd
Mr.
lhe
challoed
hin
il M.r!
1977, he
bjsj'dgcd
it.
smmic &d
*ial
1,4r.
h tt
.
Bhutio @dd
vialL sub6titut
Haq
ftt
sdtiig
fron
the
Meh
FoE, Cftr.l
amurcd
to
6ioF
ordd.
n diat b.r@n
!d
oppositior politil
pdli6,lo
hold
w
his
gwnl
el@tioB
ed
mi tulfll ey of
4 Gdndcnt ot PaklsEn Inpl6mstarion r.dmlni.ts or tiv. Riom Rul6B Rgor.iione, Inslrrcrid Etc. lsl5mab.d: Admhi.lraiis Rehrn3 Cen Cll.et S!@tariar E.bdrrhm.nt
Sr",r
Q{"tr.ly
e.-.ti.E
B
his
publicly staled
mdEii@,
I,{r. Bhuno
to
mudd a polilicd
riEt. Duilg
I{!.s of
of
nkr
bv Mr' Bhltlo
sw
sovcmot
{Ig
Pqt of
Zia s
d!d. i! tE
o o a u o
iti
.dacivil sNicedmisiontc'b.chaiEdbvthechif
,!$ie
of lhe Pakjne suDr@ cou4 Anw&ul_gaq Thj! for @ring lh. public
ct)mjsid!
chdge
1o
lsbmnd I|6G
ddelopnot md
for lhe
ptuolion of lh e@d
wlfae
of
thG
p6Ple
Th
Egg.r
ed GLdid
c(fuliB &d
the
Admitos@iv. R.tom ol
I9 t. \@
*Ni6 @nisid
ba nol b.
$bdi!.d
a3 ir Novdbd
19i9.
ihG Epon
made public, a
bq
thc
Efom
bdicdjle
rhar
lMy r@ mt
implffii.d
Nr!
of
positjoG
Espo.sibilities and qDdificatiod for p.sitioq perfomece rdulio& th. .slablisbmol of sr.rdardiz.d, valid, Euable objedre
Frfdlrt@
30, 1973
\ludi@
prc.dn s t?inj4 ed
DivLo F@ Algu.t
15 !070
b NoMbd
n060noffi
Sh/ <U.bo.l
|Edihnt
for all
Als dticEed
*!
lh
M-ibrl4nrali@
of equd oppodnig
pcrd@
Bhlno
6 6
u o
!!l
EI
[email protected] oPloyds.
lls eMilsl
oiiicis
ofthe
Efom
of
lvt
16
wie suily.
a
ft dolt:|Md.d
10
E
I'i
tlt
FJ
lbe
civil
sdt.
ndE
Iti lrl
E}
i!2
wuld o@h!6es
rI
F6ts in dE fe&.sl
govtudt,
This
F p
M |!t
&!
a drdinct @uPali6
h.
called
in .16
h .Iid qd els&d
E E
g g
s o
o
c()@isid
'Elrrine
tEdE"d.d
dDl tbc
6 o g
6 o 0 6
E 6t
i'3ndi@
b.6t
blished
ed
del.slted
pow
Esp6l to dd.loPlldn.
TIE
@misi@
coffildalitu
o F
did ful
ldvdte . rrm
ro rbe
flqah|do @
but th.
atlv@y of @sdrdonal
ih
gll.Ml6
of
wi6 suily a
indicdd
desiF io
retm io
Eoet lh.
r.porr's of
o o E n u o o
E E
tg
dmi.istdid
lle
lo!ffit
6t
e o E
EtsOISEOEOngflffiffOOE
.Slr/ q{it'.'.r.y
e.-.to,.
t'G
l@l b.di6
of lhe
fril)l@
in Augus
e H "e g
tct
-!.J
dd.Lcli6 lm
h.ld
i.
thc fall of
l9?9. TIF
fare
of dE civil
Sdie
lti
comission!
Repon app.lEd io be
zid weied
ircFerfion &d
10
bluiz
u E: o E; g
E! &!
!t
ill.l!4
r$ed ir Ps*j$r
lrnicn
mdd
b. !.pugMt k! lb.
Qlm dd Su.M!
ri o g
6t
I.!
pemuleoted
'Supftre
ft.t
Za took
m.3.F
to
hldize
the
s ibpGitid
of
Ibe
BLlblisbmol of sh&ial
E g s tit E e
G
@Mptio.
of d@holic b.reEps by
Muslia ed lh.
fi at
s e
@
p$lic tdeini${ion
difficdl lo
ass
@Ey.
nE nteninde of
high tukjng
16 @sid@bl Mev
ofrc6
Th.
Flicy
wft
o o o o g 6, 0 o
6 o o
tlj
t3
's.M H.i&.
Publb
1932 PP 3337
nddHooEs@
.sl,l q{,ro'.r.v
0 o o o o o o
As rcglrd
dr
oE lh. .Fx
of lh.
Bul
such
6 AIlb
Khar @d Mr'
or
ZABhun!.
disising highd
civil
sdt5
3 a w!oh.
a gormmni
pited6
a|d
I p
p)
Fl
6rlir.d
to Islrtrabad or lh.
is the
provi*id pii.ls,
lhis q? of a.tivity should @otinE io
S@nd
b
issu. of
dom dtalis ad
is to
p6!.4
b.
folo{td
sy$.m
10
adtniatdit
Mlk br ih.
lt
is
peren
i!
powr, 'nEe
brchs
is
eni@
bu@y
$i.ri6
FoBrh
@h slw ae@od,lio
witb
n
eiloeE i! i!
bu1
poB
ltrl
ligne
Sovhq
high
ciYil
o6c6
in all
ud.Blard
loE
ald iis
w.
supFrts lhis
o ituitv of di$i.t Lrcl odniniladioo Urril dldt is t viabL sy$em of .l4td lMl govMl mihinc shon of a !|a @ltnron *iI sltcr lb sp.
i! tlE
dd Etue of drrticl administalio q tlF Doq6 posss.d Md adisd
bv dePug
!o
@@i$io6.
ldddhip.rrn
ben a
Awb3 Besic
bul o.ly ienpoteily. Ihe Elwtar@ of politicd ald tEsl)|l6 ro previmisl lDd
c..ter lo dctgat
pow
lail l*ls
b.d
ch@tdslic of
govtu4i
in Pakiltan
siM
1947. 'IrE
Isldi.
Rplblic of
nflon
e.-/,,co moognffi|nogrmo
!
fomal
aDd
biiart
9pe
[email protected] in !@ne.
civilie @trol &d incrcsi.e dodimdon of
ihe
nilirary ovq civilifr lead.sbip and adniDirt{i@. nis wb. Awb Kh4
pd6
bege b
the
@ly l950s
atraiG
s Ady Ct)m,!d..
in Chi.f b.3&
erl
10
hi@lf
iD
civilis
a
E! p lll o
dd niliilry ircFolion
ci
le8itinizld in
P*irla,
civnie
p.l
@ed
lr
gt
e g
6 E 6
E
gowcn!
hc did
ift$de
military
otrc6
ry
into
i5
Ig
KboD L!d
nilit
offi6
c o
6: c |l1
n E o p o o n o g n q
@
yd of
ril
i5
M in misio.
tfuE
govel]s EF
govmoB
our justie s
Th
ed lmy
ed pblincial
&lnjnisdotr
s.ren
had
i6 rre hiliidy
a
ofr6.
irtt@
of dlc
nift&v in civil
boh.
len of
Pilis"i Sovmr
ald polidca
16
oD uqLc
pdEm, lhh
fiom
thG of othn
dcElopina
bier'
tine.
w'id
irewle
lo
@lude
s.
lci
bv thc Bdtish,
Ib tunft bb in
Srl
Qlrrootry
e.r.^@
sie9
Efod
into
ad edm y.r
io b.
rrka
the
Eforts !o
takc
be
amut
qtar
to
$ti.h
nnw @
&l
EI
c,l
edcipatcd
g
G
Pmf6riond, Techrologictl
Adnioistretive Rcforns.
rd
hmvttivc
Sigritreoce of
Efolm evc+vhcF
is to
govemdr &ton
u o GI u
0 6
ad b
lak
.r-
o fi
o 6 ta! o
t
ffi
Ei
eoffic.rd adrili*di@
dtMic
iNvalivq
adDinifillion
d.relopn nl adnjni5lErion.
of tbn
aDd
b6aE
of lleir
dtschd
Fw
pGitioir Fily
hc$*
$f-iD"g.
s tr
guadius, p6.dy
be
ft
tehli.il8
hel
qurlifcd
wies
did
mi l!i.e dily
kindly io
Ew
th*
$o!g beid
io ro
administtiv. cbde..
r$icb dF tlditiooal Elues, insiituiols,
of
H H
o o o n 6 o
eil *al
10
gIgq
roo,
r!. qi.ni
@lid
cld
rinini(htiw
o
E
o o o o
eonomh dd
sial
dreI@mdt. It b
sies
hdlagp
86
ituompatibl. with
had alqred
ro
o e EI E g
B
nns'om@ns
tlE dslcd of
e.6.toq
ft1y
wi6
itrtFitcd 8om dF Bririd,
@uld cver pobol. glruirc qautg. for sid nrd polilicil .h!nge. lEvitalty, $c @tErchd idnirstr.tive sy*.m 6ins mjd ch{A6, The oDly oppornuig for in@6ins rdmirislriw ..pen, i! sh a $ndiolr E liniEd to th@ lasb l! [email protected]
assine
dDr lhc panrn of
f,n
I E
otuids.d srlmr md 10 patEtu of ilsk @lunon $at did noi oFnly ed *.iously
-H
ch,lldg.lhd
hrw
an $ed
1950s
atd l96os
th
rt r.ffdrs
!o
$!!.lnlcdy lllgIned
cntMch.d b@uo&y
douleEd fohid.blc
Eiou ddonial
wy
of
fet
that nol
mwh
be done by
iftsing
inFoving
ldnili*aliv. cipa.ity
o p G o a u E! o o 6 6 n 6 o o
H B
unls
thos
ii
favor of admbistdiw
ds4lopmd
rc
sincle-ninded support ot
6ll!l
Efom
pbpos.ls.
othwie
@t rt
tui
,rin
iNvalior
A.lminisE tiv
tdfmmiolr
ladship
io 3u.L
nnedoa
b.on6 ihFri,rt
Adnitledl, th adninistElive
helpDg ihe
efm
sd
io otrer PoLntjatilid
11
fd
P*isl&
ofras
wy oftridgjig
a
rh grps
be$@ rh6ry ed
wy of
wic
F ls
of 8orffittsl
St"/ R{"tr..ary
e.-*a. wnnino{fignnrEc g
cqudly
6 s 6
|ll.l
l!l!m &d.gsegsL,
lev.l ,nd !
E! !T E!
evid@
of
im.niate wfirlne$.
Undd the overall ftanEvqt of adninhtalivc ouFlts oflhc Esl.m will b. th. bpols or
FIom Ervd
io ihe mtio4 dE
@.ds.
4lio8
iryutr
of
|li p tl} g
llj
thal
'fte Ffotu
the
he
ben d.sisn d io
h'rc
dd
o'tlus
in ce'sl)|lae
{nh
[email protected] ba.lgrculd
ddc4qidE
rt telEicio.
foe tdn
th
6sqg of
nalioDl
hieldy qulified
ed
s lll o H |a c
o
E
E!
l@pokr,
adnililtnli@ kbwldge ed
oDearion of
exprioce idennics
sinild llchnicrl
neds for
gorlr]lMt,
I'lle philsopny of
d*loplol
adsi!tuirdjon iMryordd
iD
!b.
rciom
f{)(xs
aiGrtion on
tte
quality
mi.d;
d.du..d
dlmiLd
is pan of
bG
pMedG
ncded for
iehli.d
rccds of d.veloDnet k
Efo@,
vieed s inpoflql b
rcfom3
Cov.mqi oryqizrtioB
in Pakistln wjll b
vis
of
thcii
IrF
o@n!s aI of 1n*
aI mulritudims afd
stjch
ohplqity inr.F
@t
rle qui@6ts,
e.-J,d@
aaEn6nof,omn
a
th.y
o 6
G
or
Paritu
fr 5' E E E fr
*i'g "p * l*i*i6 trh s ihc ome of oDbudso sdd .dninisnaliE hbud3 o eedds old oc sb rh. p*sfle nd i..!wie Eaidns i61iblioD
tn"ot*
b abiNe
a d.si,Ed
o o n o 0
s
u t fl lz n
m
EI
-!al
d.Elopnor-Elaed odpd. To Fn
beirS
in
eda
iniGd
pDdkd
by our-d.rdt
par* ot @lonial
p
q n o o a n o n o
B
&[ e o
o KI 6 F 6 El o g 6
G
*a*r, ** * '*a
ha te.hrical asr@l.
It
thd N tw
tests
dcvelopdflt-Elaled adrhi.islrdiv.
rfom:
pesisrcme
imp&t o.dmirjstsiivc
rfoms ha
at
16r two
3bivq
but
ale
dre
$ility
10
ca!4/
the adDinisEaivc
orgsizrioN @
inlused with
c.pabih6, ofFsisliry
te
the
pupoes of fie
d(re
in.dmilbrarioi @y
purpos of
purpos,
My, udd
Fd
parricule ciElnsLncs,
petic.
.mple,
sior sd,riar
p6rs in
s.1 up
ton
oubide ih.
pluic
sto.
It is bciry gt"itualty
d o 6 o 6 o o g
sic.s,
d'sn@iion l
forilsvtior
qr ch rh. efotu @
h mvmine
lbe
eipdorcdor.d
4niclmdl
dicoted public
adnid$ldoi.
rb qcli@
of how
b alain ahielm.Ir
oridr.rioD ,nd
o60ffi6060600f1
6 6 n g o E 6 e 6 @ o o e g
EI
l.J
RI
how ro
.sl'/ <llit".l.y
3.-*eo mo000nmoon
N u.dr
Eple
Eibdl,
ldilir
cGidasiotr
The
ufilrior of
sfti,
dF indedotr of t
rhe
rhe
oFning l4 of
of pomoii@
ed
adva@heDl
ir
public
wic6 ad $.dn-lining
adbras6 fo
pog'b
pDvid.
. h.bftl tun m*
nn
rl FI tlj p EI n
6 o e s E q o
q
rtsld. Fisl
it P'pvid.! a
o E
cl
nhbs
dfo6
s c
G
EI
{d
hN of
by
g o o o o 6 o o E o a 6 o o o a o
nate it
Birl
Fi r ihe mphdis on
the roh of
pofsioiil
othl ndcalitia
ir
li6 b
thc
iMnlic
for
$p*id Frfolr@@
tau
10
wi6
mn
.dmiristdjv.
wk
s
n@nSnt
M,
il is i@ediakly @tuI
6r.bitit,
for dw.lopocm
.sl,l <Udr'..,y
o o s o
5 a
ilj
@lizrioa lr b al$
eirl
for
ed apdicM lo &hjdqol
iowrd
s tltl
atso hctptut
in ddirying
11
and
wts
ky isus
of adsinjstadrc perfol]@es
dphsias
FeM*
rechrical
smhs
rhe
for
mdagmdt
Fovjdes helptut guid.nce in ejrtaininS rhe adninisrnli! nexibilry neesary for deding
and
stcn
of
adninisrudw
sltarry of
impmving adnini$n1ion.
fr p a s) o s o o g o g 6 o tcl o E o s u
Abons the
@rg&ja
makft.
!d
prohore
ldEili$laliw edErioi h6
!n&d
11
both rh.
ple-wie dd i!-wie
Th
tugurze<t dd
in rtc dbds of
son of
inpmrql
crci.l tdcnrs,
enich dEs
in$itlnic @ ircutcll.
to d.vlopmcnrsl
poblm.
tis
Std <l{rb...l.y e.-^ec otnooaononnffi noo5trtrffinosdndn e g o s o Nill suly enclgp 6 daioinS isltitnles dtd acidbiG tacore @ncm.d with o E ns[g@lt tlining. Md of it my @@ sbcn rhe soid dd ihirdirlr. l|mb6 of g E fellry @ epla.d by topmt h eademicians Thc tminn innftud6 Mv bc called o
c s t!!
upon, itr
idpDvd slaf
6 d EI o o o 6 E o o o e o 6 E o 6 6 E g n E u o n E o o o ! 6 o
nrct@ sh s tw
FFNI
srsteq.iob clsifcados
ed
{t
building nDdcl
iF
tll g
6l ril bl
sdie
likGlv io
dPloE
a
vd$
wil pmji
soE
luDlow.
se
ft.
bdd'ealg.d .dtrdioial
10
uds ih.
@ffi
dFri.t6
luch
of an
n nagmdl ofd.beds
will d.P.d.
'IrE kchmloeical
$fi
inpdt of
cfom n
iehdlogj..l
,t tlc poirf of
h.E*d
M!.bility vithir
bEitudad. tlpaala
.d'i'hs nw !E Efotu e
feilitadng lh.
ai6ilrt@
of
lyru of
to fomulale
o g a e
I 6
caFciry of
d.Ptitmts b
mjllli! ili.ral
a
.fEcieft,
.n
r8ins
effi.ifty
will,
s@
'l)m
amne odB
i^ni iN
@iw,
dsidilate,edi [email protected]$tunom@@
Srr/ Qlnr'rry
e.^.re
b viesd in tem5 of th'
The
wt
abore. lheir
n tlE so*rh of
the @8eizd@
iltdi6
u*ed
e
EI
sFfret|v
o*N
&l
GI
i,
o
E r.!
Ig
EI
in16_
aubLd lo
mative
sto6
IIF Ffo@
wodd
gffit
su$ci.nl oaibility in
aDy givcn
lbd
to
stds &
prdn tirc al
tine, of
$Fior
dbugh
mt !)cgily
surplE
o p {t o o ljr 6 6 o o E a
G G
I
1960:
ic
.vids!
for
th inpa.t of
nuch
th.
cs
in
my gD b. slFior to ilE
udd th.
int@
of clNi@l
gdrtdis. ftis
*io6.
The plblic
pqs.ml aglrEi*
gEdully opdine
tu II|e4
of
.ke
be
.lorc with
lesr
slr
insinrtioN nonopoliz
Efom @
of
in
be
obs.d
in de
cnqg@ of
rq
lcl@log/. Veiou
rnd th. t ndmy
b@umlic
DddDlogi6 suh
sflis
of p[.@tiig iop
.9r.t q{rtr.'.t.y
e.6*-6
ih. .uro@dc efet of Gtainiry
adnintEalio! of pubtic
.&i6
caDlcd by
sid
dd
vat
dbtani
by
vis.
of
wicd Eveab lhar rhc pld wil @ntribul! io poliiiel d.EloFMr Ttc @ificalion of mi6 is innBing mrhGie in roblic Fads ro pomi. t ed.blilhlmt of & il*inrio@l
cefi! ddimtid
of th
om!.mt3
Efom ovisg.d
for public
lol.rri.l
foi
@trvdio
of vdid
qpEsi$
pttpe
of populai
*i[
itrto to
etions which
cultivate
EfoE
wilt
the pubtic
sie
fa.ulli6 for
md @Imillntn io orddly
p$uit ofhmgq
q ttl u o a G o u 6 o o 6 o F u
EN
Atlrnini*alire bajning indindioN hsw ste ben howht wiihi! fie adoitrieralE EfolN
(rJllB
Nah @epts
opFnuity eilhin
lbc lubtic
sie
ald inr6-
bwa'mtic
in
dccision malins.
lh.
nodmiziog fenent
in which rcw
mm!6ny a@t@rior
be
iie p&e of
of rh.
e iflir.e
*iIh
id rh.
cflerivqB
h@ucdy a a sial
hituhicl lrd
bad
for ihe
SrrJ <1.{11,a1"
e.r*a.
mda& Npq .tics wirhin il
b.irg
poeEtut
foe!
*hic! ectDolog, ir
io
e. qE4
oroLd,
A srr.ptic lei
tu*
@one.1irg
$de
ihe
Efom my bolda
! Ew @Mp!
thc
of
puuic
lhe
tlE
$iery, efo@
,o
b. ailFd
llm dq@I
gov!fuaq
nE
si@
prcgNing ed
tlm deMds e
mE 86ft{L
bing mde
o,
lbmiftnr
r*isd lle pdeiplc ofproDotid by higlE qualificdioG .!d turits h6 @ird fte
efo@s not only inpticd choges
a
i!
lh
clas bais of
the
civit
@nsiluon
Civil
*ie
tribu&ls have
1973
@rg.! film
the
6@lemor
of Ffoms in pub[c
wi6
it*ll $eie
in tl'c
Tte colstifuio. of
@t6 @D fd
lbe
Th
rribMls
*N
But
s @ exdi!6
of civil swi@
ofratr
fod
rrihu.tn
app.mt $ar
o. @r@
is rcr only
a
wilh
uit
FovidiDg
s.N
TIE
Onbu.t@! s sd
u,ne,r
ilr.duced,
rcdd
.sl'/
a 6 s e o o o e n 6 o E s s 6 s c o p E a 6 o 6 d 6 6 0 6 6 6 o tr o a 6 6 o o g s o o o o d
a
<Uire..t.y
g.,.L.F
a e |n o o 6
m
do
fat
bc
cfon io
lcl
a
rle
buleuh.y 6FEibl.
irsU
sm
sliShl
&d
goving
a61 in ii in patisrrr
wuld pmvi&
ncd fd
sic.{iored $a ofFsfsbDtj@
wice
rcl
cleonsciowss fGtcrtt
by oloniat rute,
held rogetbe by
&l
fi
tung norrdon
to
ou
@Biot$IB
.r1
aloE ir $fficior to
ilfu a dd!@B
o o
ln
wie.
rh
'nlrcsrng
nMb.B of
fotm
fed.ml
s E
ed Fovituiaj
ihp.de Ue
p@s
of inpl@lanon of
$e
10
hcmbeN of fotur
sdc6 wuld
they wourd
FMivc
lhe
thEat
tneretua. But
noE ug@r.
tuo$(
O,r 0E
GE
povided by
dr s1.ltuot
Efoms
it*ti
cld
dtiF
public
snice will
have ro
Ibpldotatjon
of ddhjnidmliv.
efo6s in
of
@ur, &
of
,roes
sieds be..e
behayior.
i
ro
ftb
tliflculty js rdtuF
of
galer b
6bFy wtft
!..d
ndb.6
folm
@lonial
wie G
minrain siria
*c.y
ard
rfoiB
Dlo rh.ir
oM tuld.
Str/
Q{ntcrretry
e.-*e.
buanrcr', udd
irre
iopsr of adnjlis.live
rnedng
.frati!|6
in
s.blishi,g ih b.sis of
and e(crn
d@
iat
o o 6
EI
devlopmdt its
ilr!fut
b.liefs
@edc asiErio6
in 1973 @
of rhe Brio&
lhar in
srnbols of
Ffom
@EciDd
e !.ftdrins
and
*&r.va
di@tion rhe
bLEuey
r@ks! it
al g o o 6 o o o o o g 6 g e tr 5 o o 6
EI
fds
ir!
oM
ole .nldgd
qpdded. whar
is visibte
of rb.
b@k@y it*tf,
siety &d
the
$fte @ fr.ging.
havc
,equaly
la4.-el.
o E o o o g o g g g
y6
10
dii,covd lhe
@s ofderctop,nenl
ed
siture
public
wj6. In spir. of impov.d@ts h vdjc AIB of.ddinisrldik &tjviry. rhe *pesio. of tehnical erj@s is Er.dd by eh. lEBiste ddicidcid in
admi,jsrzrioi
@ry@jze pudic
o n o s o o tit 6 p o lru 6 o o {l 0 g o o o e H e o g o n g 0 o o o
{0 o
o IT o
s g
IlJ EI
fi a
Srl <l{rt.rlrv
*ldob rypEi.Ld. Ttc etu@N
b intrituicslly uprodEtiv
3.r.t'c
@non F6isrs rltal the @n of adminblEdk
tswh
i,v.st
dd.@
wanfin.
nE 6ulr ha
ber a Gl@lance to
fi.
posibililid of
0lb4 [email protected]
tu, *c ilsihliodt
fm!,
ils
F$Dl,
g o a t+ g n o o o
ItJ
]E1
FI
pehl
E!
foMs thal
qb ud
Feml
to
crFbilitis ro
F@iE ald io
.dvisltc
insnurio!.lize adbjdsadE
s!
lhar
net tE prcbl@
6@gfl@rs hav. to b.
pqs@l .F
,ppl, ew tildings of
*iG ,rd
for
b !$@
|be olliDal
of
pioFr @llB
g o E 6 o 6 a G g o g
o
E!
E
witt b. f&ililalqt jn plEsran in
th !@tds
of ihini#riw lrsili@
3 iDpl.lMrados
Gpoe
of tb. Colgjturion t
Fovirid
otit
epararjon
.Mhdl
poti,ticat
adhinisrrtir
hlve
sysGm. In
tE e9porr of
lliteBlip. Tne
ahlletmt of
i|s
poliricrt
lad6
@gnize
ulg.nrnad
"$.e.y aell6
for lbc
pupos.
o o c o E 6 o e o 6 o o E o o o E o
s o
Str/
<l{.ro.r&y
e.-A0.6
'ft
cotuor
of pakjslan b
qperd
in
in rlE rcw
njlmi@
ro
alMe a hajor
ml in adv@irs scitue
etl iahnolosr,
jn applying
thd b
to
o
H p
i,tJ
llE
corem
a,ttenrioD
th naoaa@c of$iarijic ald leclblogiel nutjrri@ s srjl 6 er.@ .d t cbftloF/ ro pubtic .dniniaadoo.
tb. sppli@ri@
of
llj
EI
GI
6 6t
Thee
6t
6pp6
acquisiti@
of
$icntidc
od
sppliclrion ro poblic
!fl.iE is
tb.
stsrd ofpatir.D.Ih dmjnimariv. ,rsro orpakhaA n6! lhftf@, iftlude amng@mis for fie tuB8dml of sihiific od lechologic.l @rch i! goveme ad for the disiEdon of the Bults of adnilnl@ve
adni.jsrraiive
Elerch @ied
ou1
o tll
'Dre
o o ff o g o g n g d
sierrin &d
i.chnoloSjcai
Ehtnlion opsr up
ftw
posrbiriliq for
oltsrodine
qeple A *tble @y
imporc dE
of Dod@
D4ag.@ rehr4B hs
@m. inro
qjsr.M
!o
ptd
in
P.tj$.
bcd6
eqge'm @rFnal of
h
tb
nd'l
fq ws
!o
o o o s o n o
E s o
o o EI g s g GI o
Ei
Srrr Q{"rEary
eitdprises, .nd
oile
idstiturjod
clpobility
Mcb@
io
iftqe
ne.g.mar
b. cotuisi.nt wi&
pbgllN
ed idlrlly
should
fom
e
ir
inr.8'sl parr of srch pegrns, Atlholgh @dd.rabl. progK has beo nad
slstlBaliziDg frowLdge
hehind in
c
u
tg
EI
&)
o o g rl o o
E}
i!
hl
t!*e!
o!
dtu
erd
fd
ihe
iopovodt
of
F!@4
To
FI
Efm\
*""94.nt hForsban.
616 @
ddctop
a
ri!
rlur.!d u
adairisrlrid r.s..rch
rhal eould
loq-tug. proglD
for $c
o(hsl
of
B@h
tulfl
of
o BI
o o 6 e o q ItJ p p o
E
rhc
1he
adnini*arive
nds,
te syridrali. dchdge
oglged io
6dr
of G@h
k rh*
F d
e Et
nnprcving
.ddinisration for
d*lophqt rcutd
Ig
lmne6,
ssDlien mdbqs
in elbitr8
bu@]ecy
irwlvd
s,hjch
professional
ismdi
sDd orbeB
6 Bdt s
wid
e.hie d. nidrd
Fsibl
lcvels of prfo.ore.
In
10
ddiE
lhn
lfeting ir
hda s4ndl
Fiq.
ed f@B flon
ih@. An
.fdiw appeah
to
inc@ing
d.vclopm.nr pleDiry.
oommmoogn
a o o 6 g g o o g o g o o o g 6 6 E 6 g
B g 6 E o
IlI
tu
.sh/ <lli|'o.l.y
sffionnnnffio0amo
e.r^ao
Although Paljsa!
@dd pFbably &c.pt rhc fet rhrr tEd.. ltE p@!t @nditiN lle
preblm
is to
d.vie
a fasible
a
itl
Compdaliv stldies of civil h is pmposd
wie
slsien havc
s E
ilc
lrevimial
b.
Sdie ed C.l@l
in edyzing dE
rcdd
efrn
ttul
thc
srarN of
lh. PlMing
Comisio {d
tut
wirh
cldly
dcfind in
Pabllb.
pmss,
tteial
s o n s
o 6
vicw io .lEveloliig
mc guid.tis
lca ihft
is led fo. a
@mp.dir
nu{iy
6f
adtninistrdtiv.
aFc6 of plmirg
plming
pore
ill@ely enn ir
Patisi.n
ad
appli@rion oa
.flons
EtuB
Str <ll"t'-lry
ArdgcnE lbl6l
A
staff lo ts should b.
3.r*.rc
to
E d. in Pltida
aign
.!d
e.
.dFiniftlirc
slbuld
bG
s!i.l .fron
P6ibl. Fogl!tu.
Ofirhcdi.t !ig!ifc&c.
lb..stuion@t of.
St lt
q|t l
FIsmI
$.gacy
d6li!h@n
o o o o o o
*h
ldrviri.s
a !E0id6l
i@ ic b riFd.L iftE*d
Fqludivity. h
Frsal
&intunodon
ota had
offct
is
th.r
tl|'l
public
. Ftrlonion of tb. putlic *!nB ir P*idlD bt ,I}ry 6td it dif6@x to @i!tti! niSh pblic
!ur.
id
0t F
fot@
lpFd
to b. deply itrguiEd
rlil
tl|cEfoE b. !Dd. of
i! luy loci.de
for
rin
6dB
hsE b@ ehicvld
{d *t r tdh.dt 3!
$.
Public
ciEu{.tu6,
in
It b !rcpo!.d 0ttt
P.lire
shodd imludc
d!F!!vc
sudi6
dininSlodB
td r!$tl.ti@ iel'dins
.slr/ q{ilbr.t.y
e.-.t F
hs @ived . gcat
dal of
the
s 6
n'e
th&
.tt!
ion Ior
m@
a o o o c c g 6 6 6
E
a deaad. in
lite6{w
produced by
the taining
instittios,
wuld
be
dwLrt
to sggcat tlut
in P8jdltsn blE
of public
*re a e
inpo\mol
wice,
th@
Th
s@s
of ou
araaddi
sdir
and
e $ my
a
u a EI EI q L' o
tll
l!!
e o 5 c E g o e
E
ondu.dng
for
t!34h.
long a
TIe
id
q
itJ
sh
a rrdy is obvioN
bc{e w cimt
.ffonl !o
in@
fd
o.na.d
a
wi6.
"t-;i"rrion tlinirg .rd 'ls6h. IMel d.v.loFn ih$ugh pFwie &d in-eie t!i!i!g ha
iD
s E E g
G
mt b@r
st@lind
lalistln. Lr6pit
!.d
for
fo. advalc.d
Alhough
s E
6 E g
kn
up8r.d.
ft
qu.lity
ofir$Erid
in-wie
trainj4 iBiinniN
tho
la.k
E E
ffidy
d. oi!.q!eM tLl
ilE
insitu!@ N dMyins
bsisnifiqt fon hs e
1o
di6i9
o n o p H o o g
Thc
b$ii!t$ of
!l! E,
Public
wilh
n*
oMprl of
.Lvic6
the
fi o 6 o
o n tl' o o
tt
tlinilg
Delhods and
to pr.FF
ad
Sh/ q{il'.r.r.y
e.r^...
of pMftl; lo otg&i4 m&rgcm@r advisry
dcrelopmnt
of s!.ific
cargorica
wi6;
is Equi&d to
.aU.
lh.m io brls
ftlfil
the
'quiEmdr6
of
As Eainjrg
hjgh tewt of
trubd
of
insftnio@liu dgstE io
rlir
rbc
tdm
ir qdr
1o
tuUy
6 posible
taioils skjlts.
have
yel
ro
dcmsurte exatl.@ in
pubtic
by two or
hoc
and
siintur
spcist
sft
riining,
The
$eity
of tr.iring
spiatjz.d
RUB
in @mp&io wirh
public
prniddy h hgtly
Grpslio$ ir d.
wic
plhn r in@s
tE
sic
,rd of
dcveloping suitrblc
r.idin8
logtus
ro
d.LdiE
'nd
rhe
p|!gl
cllmr avahhiliry
to p.od@ the
of quatiE d of pubtic
p6eB
quimdt
gFs
wie
ln
.fort to &l
P
r
admini*aliE slsico in
oPpbdh6. s)stenaric
e E o 6 o s o r5 o p o
r.l
ffi
in goMrnc rl
of
dplolB
of all Llcls in
sorq!,el
in
! llglG
dDr
oq.lph$is
@ auihodry in adhhi$ati@ h6
dtrhim
sicc,
incBr of
Imginalive
tlBG d l
r..dcd
in
Pakhfu
ro
pono dd sutsin
the
citiz6 b
the
s.N
of p.dicipadon in rlF
dsisiG of gorrcm.nt
aedi6,
ad
ro coble
Ud b
orllihne !o
b.tler
imporr.nt
A!
impottarl
cmluion
thAl
shrdy points to
th. ad for
@DpEhcBiE
dm
wie
sdurrE, iEluditre
siewid.
fd
erls ed
in the
ibnEdj.r. ned
tn dtablthndt
Sdics,
Sl/ <l{'tr'.I.y
g
drbli$md of w
3.-.rotc
n 6 e c c 6
g g
E E
laining
i$riMi6,
Frfotue
Naddal
Aedoy
ot Ad&inbtilrjor
ed tu
SDaial
.d
L.eal Sndi6
my ale b. c6idad
t s q
E!
hining lo streng0m skills in Frricul& fl&, n@lsmdt itiioing ou!.s for highd
posti
dd ale in sial
ed
nui.jDsl
g tr a o
.dDitristdjon
e ddpl6
of sp.cirt
Flgas thlrEy
be
ilitirt
d.
o n F: o
EI
at
e g g g n g
E
of
'DE
IH
philoephy of adninisranirc
of
pspo$toN. A poposition
@nm
Frfmnee
of
ard 0E lxrssc of
pDf*ioial
g
E
ltljid6
a
[iCy
tuy
.d
n E 6 g o n n G 6 e e o a
public heal$
be alloved
b pman
rhe
swb .rlitird6
is
inerhlrg.
litcly
$F.ior
my cft.te ew
.tenEds
tu
adni,isarive
s@
in Btich borh
I.uil8
rh
bc
dlblish.d
b.t9a
srat offcidls
of
roy
idptdmr.lion.
rhcE is
Wl|!, bdd*
lmtuEn F&ri6,
e.-A'!
&orhd, rh.
o g o 6 o g o g o E o o o
E
tg
rasfd
of
ps$B 8od oE
re$er
ro
inFnle
of
[r*s of
rhis ldid
b6l)c
cd.
of
Fec,
for iDslee,
ton
dE public sdDidsr*io!
Egrblj$|mt
vi@w
@ de! $is n
$.
!s tg
ro
s@rlisrs
b@auEy.
The
sF.ialist
should hrv
pdity of .st
fr
and his
ble in policy
rutinS
snould b
s g
o
I o o
o 6 o G' o 6
sr.ci.tists slaiE
@ b. siAifi@tly inpov.d
thc eslablistlrot of
net wort of
bl@u&y camt
qp@irlly Flcv{rt bue ofihe isoLtioa ofeDe otrcq!, whj.h linits th. diffision of
movrlio.
in the
upF *hetoB
of the bu@w@y.
Ye!
edEr iDrDltar
fi{egic
UDt
of
pbtic
tunr.
tbn $e
rhe
qstd
of
bulfu@y
bav. inlFir.d
surs
of
opiaion
mc
ddDgins
dan600nFnonrmoomoosmoEfi o
StrJ Qlrtcodrv
e.r.L.*
shod4
{r. alility
Fss.d
of
6iti.ri f&rlis
lle
MiDu
possible
qtelr
lisitlnioMl
o EI o d EI s o 5 o u fl
s E'
Mey ob6erv.B hav. idcnii8etl
thc
lhe
TI
pt
politicizlior of
tbe public
wi6
one
of
plonditiN
l*
co@trd with
gb!p6 to th.
6lrc
wioB
o titt
p H o o
EI
o E o g
nuM* of i!. @Illizd polity, Polids 61lE the llw &d otda sbould now be lhe mjor 6lm oI sl@snn adninistnrio Public Adnidsrator in Pakislsa wuld b.
I3r borc
nt
to h moE pohicizrd.
b'fta@y
n s o 6t u n H o 6 6 o tr o o 0, o 6 o o o g 6 6 o o
G
Indigaoc dd foEigr
obs6
le.dls inrcltq@l
of
ligh lwl
b@lcdls h
1he
ed 6e equd Ebdlm of
l()vq-lvel
eepl
pbgtuc of
sbould
whaGvcr spinc
inlo
&@ul od
*nich indigetrow
of qisling
vdB
rill FDit
noE prodDlive
mmpoE
eou6.
.9d q{d'.'.r.,
e.^.b.
'r-i"i.r$d
sJgg6l tbrt rhe Public
Ald@neh
suddt! ofpottic
st6
by the
dpuld
povid. ih. baic c@diaion for cqmbic clEng. ed th.t thc Hnds of addilimal
*ilb,
FiuL
initEtir
for
Mh
Fblic .d
lhe
pdst!
s&ior must
l't
EI
tll
rit
It ic pcible
10
c{)muiry @ ddibue
in
PsIi.{D
In
bsitB
c4M@iry bc
givd
*qu&
EFe1rdon
d i.riodl
st a
i! al b6i]B
inditute
th@ offtred by l[e Pahsa. AdEiaiftdile $itr C.[.8e lhordd h. orylnizd previtr6. Tn
ft
Etul
io e@rd
plwndon
to tlE
@mairy
otr ninisterial
da
arivc
baitus
b@is.
ue of indEtrisl lropow
rEd.d
bu:!.ll@y th.
qei"liad
Tlr brlmqry
srill op.nl6
Fdg Ddr a n
cboosc.,
lh6 idaeiti.g
qtifial ts'd@ia.
oFn lo Elional
Th.
@rr&r bow
mjrgly
llE dB
*lf{pF.is8l,
$ft6 td
qodilg
ca$q'EB
Srl 9{arrry
e.^.h@
of iela{@ tom
ard
In swh a
6!aljz4 @ieic
lh. c!.!gi6
c@Flili!,. nilid
f(rc
iiio
!d6ini$.tiE @[email protected]
ot
iniliative
ehols ed ac{demjciN;
otr
ftar dd
f(E
a instMots of ontrol
{F adDilisdirc Etum
c vis
by ihc
bc
sdied
in e4pon
s1!,
rhGt . aclsiw
of ihe
sial
ordd
an<l
poliocal poans
dd leeisLlws
a
sioE poblm.
As a
@ns.qu.@,
neg.ri6l
i@hmlog)/ is .lveloping !1
muh
g@ld
pe il
privale c{)l)1lr)pe
iho
in poblic
[email protected]. wbateE
is lo sioci!rc 0F
i .;
nedia to
s@modd.
@9le it k imporilal to
and
ttriDg
pd@ s.do,.
mi6iti6
&doi*
dffieffi606ffi5
Of qud irrtDlll@
snucnft
be
a
Strl Q{etorry
3.^*.6
f,nnooM6mffio mEl
bqlc.atic
dtMic Dedih
partly
@lved
by intd-inslihnioot
Fnab
amrd
8on
b|EErey
of all dDse
el6e sthal@
o o p ilt o tu o o o it n til o
rI
EI
IrEs1! caliti.s
Ffom.
suge.g.d thc
ugdy
ofadnirjsF.rir
T1E inplenenirtion
t{}mr.sy irto {F
largq poftcal
odq
and
wil enla@
pcitlility
of
mr
5 EI o g t} o
o E o o u o s g n o o o b 0 o n n o o o n, 0 o 6 o 0 o o o td n
o o
the
ptGs
in
of
inplmlllion
*tablist!ft ofdiploM dd
cows
adninisrrtion md polilicrl
eiqe
in all
uiv6itis.
adlee implic.lioG fd
FsilioN
lDUcy
sucaaded in
Frfotr@
bl@laruy.
&d pdFture
$.
@tdi.ls' nom of
forced k)
Ihey
dtMis
have
bcr
fifttio.
m orig@l ihinlirg ce
Crvefin
Dt
dxl i6
,nninht*i@
St
l ql'n ..t v
diii6
harc poirtcd o'r thd rbe
e.^.h.8
So@
of th.
Mtlin il
ft
pow.rfiil fo@
1h!1
inFd. dr [email protected]
of forner Britis!
0CS)
d@,
the sitution
lhe
tu
in a!
bu!futui6
imFri.l
sysicms in which a
sin ll srp@li
EI
e o a 0
tlt
to prrdomi@i. the
sE@typed dinldng
d dr sbordiF&
srtrwho
\m
D.msl6
c ril Itl c IT
E
EI
o o
sl@sB
o o o
!o b
FT
tlfom alpes
nelsry od
sre$dtship ro
cm
ihe
id.otog)' of
p$lic; f&ilirae
ris
of @ur.miling
.lir6,rd !
th.
vigoFB political
sysi.m
AlEsi
Md rh. idolog,
ftlvqt 6@dng
bl@Edi
*id
otde4
ed
@mine .ppr,lu,
invig@re
6. p@s
beh'vio6, polilicd
dd nrdly,
@t
Esldr
i,
difrsioo of
Nm
Fodu!
a hlaEe in
so*d
rhrn
rh6. ofadniDjsf.riE
efolN
oonElm6no6ndi
OF AU th. moar
Sl,./ <4ite.l.y
is
lh.
oiEtldc, Dd
UE
if
Eognizcd
b. ldminql, by tE
gdtuld .
gal El.!!F
wicc
horiri6
!o
c4en d
nis obedation of
d .miMt si.d6.
politiol simdst
aphrba
has
qditiou
obLining in d.wloping
o o
In spite
dEl
D Mlim @ n|k
civil
is
eMc
lhe
pow
and aulhodly
tom
sisl
chmgc
ed otrd Himalata
ob6taclcs to
ovil
*NieEf()m
mnonoEmoomn
Sl,.,l <U'dr.r...y
Ll
G rt
6 o
E tlj
frt
a o e s o 6 6 6 e e g o 6
n E
o E s g
@
Srr
Cbrpler
<l{',tr..ary
n[tr
rld
rypologi.s
3.da.'.
ofcornptio!
Eigbt
Dend6otr!
g e o g o
E
cMeierd
in @.stuciing a d.finirioi of
l@
outlined. Ir CDuld mt be
s g
EI
difliculry
Fail@ lo
irt PJ p, !!l
prdle
d.ffniiion Gpesrs
litcatur
hd. ban
r.nbrive
{)c. o.
fq
p E g
EI
dcfniiiN
ue in spcific sitlltioN,
nfti
vdE d.tqni.d ii
us., nor in
lem ofdi.i
taedd.nr.l
idal .. .. .. DilF
e
a
'nris ludy
@ @6ig.d
of two
@nd@lld in Parist
vr'l@
the
Affii@ nE
sllr<ly
fals
at&ntion on
difllHlwa}j
in which
en ir
6lh pDbl@ of
'nw
@tots
tune i[e
i.m of
dt
s@ial
di!.o@
ad.r ofdis
e qoiMtior ofth.
on
vdiou.lit
8rlupE
tith d.mphdis
mntirgdcy of lnowledge.
"
sd6lblg Pnerc'rhePortb6ofMeanrdg PMr 3nd Explanalion ln lhB conslruclis ol 1934 s@ R..lit)/ T.,@1Adom lJn@'ty ol Atuon.
Pr*
!9ld <Ud'.'.t.y
3.-.h"*
Eviq oI !@.
a
gis
a brief
o g
a s o
H s til
E;
litestE
on
@nprba wih
llm
Iext'ql
d.finjng @mption
ro
phlomior
c}'Fd lhd 8@ d
ro
@lud. ! di*6io
of
u
a !! a u
E!
IlJ
inponfle givo
rt Fobld
@Fioa
ti:
bow dF did.ettiot
largc
tuti4
pok,
cl
atF{i!8
in rhe $Bis
tu
b. @r.8oriad in *veal
sys.
.Lhey
cd b.
th
greupd
EI p u ta!
cxLit ro qhich rhey.nph.size qu*s atd ct4qures! lhe corcq,i of ih ilt gal exchage, ttE nonliry of ihe e( &d rhe violarion of rlE publi. rusr ,ft@
ci
e a lMbq
ntEs,
q ood wi*
'Conpdon is.
to do with
bofty chdging
E o H
EI r!
u itr 6
lt;
!.Ftis.
Suppos. you
in
erc
is
pBitior
ir
6
E
E E
.r6rs rtlr
@tuption
|lt
Fw!
io
S@ic6
!d c.EEt
Adninisf.rjon D.prht
nr.
n 0 o o F u n o
F b
J.a*o.o
ono0E&rof,onaEn00OH
6y t&@tion
in $tich a lnan gers ben fils which
&tu
kind in order
io do
ey
w.y
s,p{r
of you job-"
o o o I'J o E e E p p IT a o EI o
FI
!'J
til
"Cm!tio! imlud6 sring
kind-bdicauy we @
a
E
for
of
ere
s c
chdbd
of
Com@.
ald Indlstry.
o o t-l g o o
tcl
til
'Thde
ru16
$rwrs Ilft
v.lw.
0
h
gl
$bdliDg
nmbr of
to
called CSCR
vii! .
So
things ieluding
it muc
of Brl@bish
understood
th.t to do
p o o o o o o o o @ o o o 6 o d o g o tn o oo
6 o o
Sul Lqu.nnv
J.^*o."
Islitut
of Public Adminilratior
lll
7,
Tle mcming of co@plion is qlite vide.t fom the law, h is sonething iodulgd
t.l
FJ
by a public
*rut.
public
whco hc das
rial
rit
Il,l
p
lll
F]
FJ
$lrlly a Mt
.atr-'
!o
Joi
S@lary
CoYlmdt of Plhstar.
u g EI p
Is
I thinl
is
. Femble
oftE
fottr
I fal
of crimiirl
It o o n a H n
Itt
bur
t|r
lo lhe
sm
impu.. Ifyou
oIPuit&i@,
9,
The
pffiml
iho
ihat is complion."
oo6ms00osguuuDE6plnfi tu$u0
.Srd <l{{t..'.t.y
6oHoo
gjlli\ H
&ffi
c 6
E g
\M/*
to
3.^*-"
oooo66oo6|cloEEKrs8
o g o E o 6 q g
10.
"As
what one
ness by comFion_it
is
I
H
i3 ti:
Fi
doDe
enethirs which
rhe law
rquiEs on
do."
A Pohrici4 trd hirh
rlrinR
o6cDl
o E
e
EI
PsksraP@pldPety g
I
!'! pj
6 o
E g
1 suppo*
e a 6 s g 5 a 6
inlIetor fi a brib. lrd Gxloris sm. orc o@irs a prcid D bchvins wnsly ed nl.s E *ho F og.ecd in p.rfomils. sdik ror ! Sov.mmt tt t ItTc ormisbcharo' F g is@rupion.'
d idpetor
of a rcstlutut o' of ! @nstucdon
E pj
pbjct a buldins
fa!
D.mi$nYorns.rr.
col|Ml
ro rb
Msrd R d cityorNe*Yo*. 5
B
12
ptorrsmvrF.dVoqejaLion H
somc
br pople wbo
m rd'ld
wirh th.
'nkesr
wlkinB in Lhd
tms
ra!
o,seia,Dn
bflrmrnJ
B E
H
cirvorthiladlphia
l3. MisN
by otfrciat of
o
H
H
l*
H
govcmc
posifion"
o
H
OnOOOOOOOAUTTOE$'lOC[iI6CEil$ttrl
gEosf,ffiffinDG|osdr 5
E I
SrrJ Q{rrr.'ary
ffi
a.^"* cnoooEonosfiodoog
o
.*^*.*,"rJff';":;
14.
E
E H
and Ldqat laws, violatios ofdy public policy rhlr govem lhe odqcr ofpubti. mdoyce or .lered olficial is @npt@-"
"Disho.erty is U. 6ajor euce of coml,lion, viol.rion of poal @de, std.
il
ciryconuord,phiradelpha
15-'Son6n who alesthe trust Ibd bb@
payins you salary for doing
placd upon
E roiAlhe saider E
hin by rh.tax
p!y6ard
o
H
wort.'
Arrhony R.
B
Didror
Phrladcrphia
.
16.
E|
p@ple l.rk.lDu1
dE [email protected] olpolia liee ilegal op@tioc ed t ke a Eguto !6'otrrho rh@ k qbnon $heE Lte pot* shale Fople doM !o.\od qesr or nol msl thn ,, Ptufess Jms J. F .re Dep.n'r orciai.d Jque Tdple Univ.nity
coduerior is a prcpq moriv.r.d
H H
A E R
Tllc
caleaory
a limired nMb. of
d6
u{tcr
rhe
ftis
St,l
<Ud'.,...y
OEEEOAIoOE!3SEEXOOCI
J.-*o-
eecrinB bc
sjmplc Eft4doD
o g o g
EI
&I
il js d xprcsion of ody of
provisioE) ot ihe Ia*,
the senlimnts
is
dd
(d
E
tij
lgaid speific
g
g g n u
ed
A bcnd urd.Ebndin8
b.
of d.fnirion dr.its by
au
s@idi6 sG
engaged
LSislalion
ofDo"tity,&d patisto! ir
no
In
all $e indusriali$s or
&d
abu tne.qu,ncE
fm
of
rrdw
t.C
dcfDitiois.
nmw
s M s
EI
s u o
6I
moe lhm tuee ets rhat deerye fie compl tabel. Brib.ry. mjsue of offic. od misapprcpriato, of pubic @ur.s kictbo.ts &d @Daso6 &d
dbczt.ftnr
tn
lll
vw d. m$ fiqh{y
ErG wio onirei
s
cjrcd
dedcs
of @npdon,
ti t9l
tu;;E
Ewdcor.md @;ll.!bvh;
o g EI p
6 p o o 6 b) n E o g g
E
r5
EI
EI
r qriDvilE
moi#ffi
suggee a
ad in 0Er s.e
! hiq
!@
.sl'l <l{iro'.r.y
e.-.tc6
o pt o EI n r5 a
tfi
E}
!o
my
k!?
m. buys non riom I u buyilg ttings ard h SiB m 3om @ncy fo! lhar. So I d berefiling by lnlr ed I e lnine rhe @+osnon bF trcugb thal d..1. My er hd
tcpjrg
pubtic
ir miid.
n
EI
t!!
quted
in a
ptuidy
that is
@mltiol
.|mpL,
dieuss
Ir
iL
.dnidgradv.
a u
I.a
viSil@{tu d
o@Fid ctedaized by,qrpdd oftt {iir,,ard @Xi!g 6m a b.l ofomirrnd !o d.in@nric pri@ipt6,6 Sr.iaenrs srch as rhis EF.hr
fom
of
inlerF.ktio6
of
$. pttumeno. vihjct
e sdhar
qialied ad
for this
tg$n wilt
@i b coEideEd h@.
Defnitiotu which
rhc
msl 6@iiood,
or sirDlioolty
q.cifc,
e ih4
Ls
liC
dcfnitioN @ appu.d in
rhe
b.rE
dire,?s
pltMde46
of @d$ion in
rtus of
dF
t!g.l
defioidoN
e
a
thcy @ dimcdl to
@s
bsis fq
com!..is
berDcn
er e@
Fovidc
L*35", *^t c
and
J.B
L.
wa*' rori..
vb*ani...^
St'l <l{d-...,y
e.-.h.6
Thc
pobld Eied
Oft
by rhe applicjriod of
diff@t
lcgal d.finitioN
@ 6ily
he
! R[ tsw ce E qh|ch a siq dekctive in &e Nd Yo* Ciry policc Depdr!.r, M slrsp.dcd fo. addng n
illust'drd. for
fttlk,
c}qptg Efas
ro
dpeoiv
ma1.67
Anothd rcfeB b
ofli6
in Brirain
r..plrg
seh merts,
bui
mt6
thar
i!
thar
@uEy
{r
,nbpine,,
is mt
Clfdaly coaidFd.
@@pt
peclice.d
th.
tl.
of
applicotion
o@ss
dificdtiB
tup&isotr
MoE
*riou
compl
!n tic6 e,
which
Mqq
noics rlut
0o
@9 lEs udd
@tufl
offm
@ pbsur.d
rbo* irrordd
lo apply
gd.Et.
spriUcally
eo.ted to c@bdt
@nr!M pmvisio
n cs p.ri.inilg
rL
bdbe.y ofpoti@,
k$ comon ft natut6 Fohibiting r\e e{aDid@ of gins &d elliiruro by polie ofr6'.4 As lss of rhis ldld @vd oDly rbc noG obvioG lirG
of @ni9l diviry,
rhey
su"* *o
pde Cm.ton,.
oalHoc8fio
.Sr/ <l{ifx'...y
f-ffi,
d
e.-**"
rE obtusdon of rh. is of omFion roy havc ben due priMity to thc la.k of ey fomal d.fididon in IN to gui{t i!q!iry"?o.
M.rrr coNidm this poiit !o b.
inponsn,oG.!d @irLiN thit
nsfinn60EffitE&oocl g g o g
E
E
E E Lgal dcfhitioB e Dl widcly ued in the lillstue. Mo6t d.finiiioN @moDly E appticd do, howq, irclude a lesal .tdenr i! rbd lhey srate or imply a loer linir b E @nu!lj@. Ihe poinr or which. sift js considc,Ed to Eprtgr a hib. d.moard6lhb I rinir
ngulatiod but my
b..n the object of nc@t oiricib Bttd bs nph4izd 0F didinciid beisn otrcirl b.h,!ior s4tcb s d.vid .trd rb.r $,iich is qinjEt ro sugges da,!@pts to @!sud tcgal d.tuiriG oa@mlptd a &r Ftrdocdve: "A l.Catinic &tuirid B i..d.C@E b tlE study of @rupiion s I fom of .bvi&! b!.!ior b@re tuy fuls of @dF off6 b.havior my violarc siat mm of .rtri.d om@ b..hivor d".iinctrral ior nne ed
wnoh @ncept of rle lecdisric ap9@h
10
fte
I E
c
!4
viola& crituin
td.nn6t,
lnir &6rd'.g io ftc mrivlrioB of tE !.ale idohrrt h rh. rvihee. Mis ptt$B a g?ical deftition offib sn ad def6 @Fad6I .$ abe o. ilat N ofotre ror rh. dK or in<r'Ed Fcui$y gu of rh. ddividud - Ttu itjcedity of a gin is debnmen by wberh.r fiiendshjp or ri. oliciat DDsirDn of &c BiFar B |he
co.cpt
&fniri@dpbdiringt
of,ilcg.t ?cbr!gc,,ldd
io
dcfE On
E
O
E E I B
moov4ion
lmr
in !h.
*hegc
I
E
g
onpooafiEf,rmun
.9a,1
<l{arary 616
ofth.
e.^,'o6
nEom6nm6motrl &l
E
saft @pnais:
bv
Othd dcfiniiroN
'e
oD
to
Mtu
or
noE poni4
tllMtid
is th agemDt
@mii m
illesEl
ucthic5l
er of c{nNissioo.
bv
onision
o o o o 0 o o n a rt
iE
foft..@e
til
or
EI
FMdlly
tksinbl EMrds"
i1 as
and
inrclviDs
Flw
oledontv
b6s.d
'$
njse
of authodtv bv
ofii6
in a
n1,!@
FMnal
gain
fd hirelf
or for
c,il6"
t'
tbc
Of thc
us.d by oths
mly &finiiG
of 'dLgd
qcl4ge,' tm hd.
adtullgc oI b.rg
s.lDl6. B.ike.
6: ,,ey
tF
or
*lE
@iv6
qFls
Feiv.,
by
vinE of
lft
omci.l
isilioa 4 -.lltl o
lhat the wod
porodal
@unorizd male@l
ewd
or eair'x (otF
lhis
M6
ard lhal
"Fsibd"
the
epes.nLs a tDogEphical
mr i!
F@
"pmsibd's
wxl
B.ncr,
Tltrs.
PEbLF
a4 h Rsdfti d
Police
cmoto.
N.;dsiceEr d cdm .d D.limFrct, tfl E t@|Ml c@ml Cmdon: A P6'liqlstlbmff!'C'itu and Deliq6cv,1974 a!'ln.n. M 6 A S4i.r Prcholdhd albE*h l0 lhe sh,e or PdE c.rudd unlubrEh.deF tdlahs Fls*LsEt ui@ttv nomac a;'o Jux.n 3 Rob*k &Elo!oLll!9b9r!-ol
I
x ftt cmdtd P.qabin, M.*.nd Butun Ali.. P'lrnbre -ean.: unpub-uhd paps. T.n.h5.56 Frdid.c.lE unhedtv sLt som Tn6n.]
Slr/ Q{ro'&y
3.-.r@
if be aepls
"a public
otrci.l
is @trupl
nftv
a
o norcys wdh
for doilg
strlthing
tbal
b.
i5
uda !
dlnv
et
to do,
to
q..ci!.
!!NN'.tt
fdrr
o
&l
lal
of
ril lq
d. ms-qidcly{@ld
and Rc,s'' ard
&6niti@ applied
b @F+tio Ii i.
us.d bv
B@Y
!t
a
to
|lI I.'
tat
ttj
i. 6l@ial.
McMuUe's in Btum
Pdtu,
chmclerizd .omptron
ss
$o*ing defniri@ in this 6l!go1y qD& cofrplioD' quit siopl, wil! d.tuitioN is a disindion btq@ bdb.lv Fr
is
bdbery, I$plicit in
drd jb poa.live
Sirykitt ed
Amd..
Dossibitity rha
6i@
b
alo*r of
lLe
e otr6 @y dw 6ilv
in
ofrci.l
!0v6 fd rrit
*hicb is ml motuttrv
is
ard whrch
cmol
cvaluld
i!
d*ih.d s d ilrlqs
d otre/s srlta
r\Lr|'rlbn. M.
Al!sqd!9s/!!00,'sdiok!r Rdin
1s61
.shJ <l&|''.r.y
e.-*i.
'ir i. d nidi6n6l 6m ,.d
i5
is
F&.ddly
fat
dsibine e@
fom of@dplion".
nubq
of dfnitim
r@pja
o
$l
lll
s o
0ur:" conptior
h tFifi.d
tt
t4havior
godl of
6@id
e ts g 6 g
adEdlg6 (.dd
dct
mdic
s!-idl adv&iag.',?r
bl1 doe
e 6 o c g e
D
a q 5
tultn.il defilnio
ilcl'r.Ls benlvid
sh 3 Ball' aId Ball, Eognizing lh8l con'S polic. mv rct .lFys bc mrivarc<l by a <lcsie fd itlcg.l gail! do mt gtst fo@l d.tuitiotu skolM chi@tn6 a @mpl depali,nenl e ore in wldch: "ouEight pay{f e nol alw}s
Othd
wiLs,
bci.s
uqLd"n
onlv xL6ive is .ftinly pcsibl. lhat th@
Mv
bc
djf.ffi
b.nra lr4c
lic3,
ard
s.lt
dtpattEnl5
b i.m
of
MF
of lhe
ompt pE
x'ltich.h@tcrie lhd.
pcilid i!
siz
i3
! veirblc
in
rh.
fod ad
l4l
of
cmF eiivitv
Qr!e@!d.'
?' 's
soucyrr, s.r*d S
rs
at'd
oldd.
1972
odffiffanffin
Jnthoo noo!{n[Eo06oniao!6 rt o
F
thc incMsed sizB of
odq
Many dctujti@
of
tE
mtid of
lhar
cl ril
6 n o o c
smpljon a violanon of
they
rhc public
@kiv.
of @mrpl
pra.ti s
viold
thc bw of a Esdrrion
qryinS
th. foM
ofd.law. Violrins
my
be
coEideed in
. roE gcnd.t
c g 0 a
fr
EI
iE
ttl
ft
m@ a depln@
tq
i,
p@cd@". A@rdina !o
rhis
@r
n*sily irhlv.
is
iho
a
illcgal
et oi fleiat
ch
gain
10
givd in
dieNion, EI
dednB toD
ofrciat
pocedc,
in r&! rhe b6is of noF obvios fo@s of coFprior In rhe abore defnnioa $e 's, enphais is o! complion, whicn is adminisr"tively inducrl, To MMilg &rd Re<Iireci,
@tup!'on E
sn 6 a togicat @$quee
of a
*t
ch
@ 6E li$ic i, t.ds of
of thoe goais.
pleiH
for
{r
ehievmnl
M@i ol
I[.
detuitioB of lh.
orge?rti@l
anrl 0lh6
$rwnel
'I.ls .!d oN.qu.@s,, rj.V cdt fron tEi6. Irrs di$s co,rpro, m trE conlln of
th
pole
bdd.te ed
Oc
(f Ftie in siely.
Ihe non
lh.l @dl4tio!
is
ETOfireru60ut3EEdo
Strl <l{rr'.'ary
d.
J.^*or
of a
ireli
Rathd
it
is viewrl
@Bcqde
g
"tl u
L.'
dd th.y eilld
l@ely defn d
genadly
do
thos., *,hi.h
!c
,ol
i! rm
wihin
a
B.trc
of rlis, they
&fd
spaific oDeoiional
tesork
knd of [email protected] app@h
autb6
ro how
g o
dcfft
co@pr
pturiB &@ding
$ey digiml.
Kmbth, .q@ihg
@rmFion
b.tsta
o s 0 il p 0 o
n o a F] o o o o s o 5 o
ilj
s Q
indn@d
halfqde
of
Bnd
foces
on
th. ,noEliry of
set
ei.,, Ir!.y
e
or
chohe
ud rh. panicdd
of !tks u*d to
scrim
uy
Uing thar
i, d.ceFiv., llar
a
is violalion of 6
bdic hul@
code of
6ndu
boad detinition w.
tu
ircludc
of
omc. for preDd gsiq db@lemeor, fiauduld beh.vior, all rhis is cdruption."
Wlbon, James q.
'Cotup!.i:
Th6
Sh.m. ot
it.
Si.tes,
N*
roR
o o s g o tt
E
6J
Sta Q{rt'rarr
3.iA.f!
18.
"Conwlior inclurtcs a
bribes. thines
rtol.
raldng
of
frrcftis,
wuld
bc
n polirll!
ntuB
of oficial
@ruplioi.'
Edi!or
Urd! Nds
19.
P{F.
b.
&l
cl*
quid-prc{@
fd etlhilg
sddt dou19
et
10
n H EI p
KI
20.'Comption meds much mor thd tahrg a b.ib., Favonrhn and nepolis
both pn of
CodprioD. CoFptio!
@t
Supt!@ Coun
ofP.tind
of
g cl o o o o o E' n n o o n o o g 0
tcl
2l
Comprion do.! @1
n e jur
lhd f.r6
cxchangca
r.Lriveq
doiDg
of
e@ eild
ffif,uMn6606trtoer5n
o 5 E o
22-
"Comption des
lle
@ veiou
fom of
comrption vnich
&
*paar.
n 6 6 c g o E e
rg
lit
m
b)
B.l@hist n
Hid coun
23.
"Comption for
nc
i! vdiou
fom3,
n 6
E
dd
not
m out of
tm
favor to d ftimd or a
fmily menbs
o e
E
o 6 g
E g
R6idmt Ediror
EnSlish Nevs 24. 'Coruption is
o tit a 6 n u It o n o E o o o
ull
PaFl
o
o 6
E
E
abe
of
pow
for
n is Elated ro
6@ial
gaia sode
of$e
omce sbeE
n n n n
E
Ch&16 V.
Chief
Cepisi
oflnbn4l Aftairs
o 6
ofNd Yo*.
or a
"Comptioa
wt@ dy
or 69.@y,
public ofnciol
$h.rhq
is a traflic
!s.tr! twse
or
@@$@ne
lB
go\Emdl
systcm [o
h@tf
Srrl Q{rtr.try
e.r.l.'.
i1
is
bri.g
brib. or givinS
Roten
BEII@
SF.i6t Couel
ro
Conpi&lld
o o o o o I.t
tll
EI g o
26.
"Coruption to
me
m.N pdsol!
ogaged in
ldaeA!
&19 to bercii1
1b.@lvs_" Holn6,
John B.
Ji
"On
Eim
for hj!
oM !.so&l bemft."
Sa{cly
dd
Drus policy
Cny ofHoE:Ln
poM
holdr
rtb
is chlrged
BFBibL
d olnq cqrds
nor
t.galy
rl|
irt Frr_
D{vid Blrke
Cotruptioa
PBatior
DeFnnent of Investgalion
City
ofNa Yo*.
you
@ l@king
at
*rdls
a lastq
Eof,flrm
St'l <l{dr.'.t.y
3.^*oe
doils it for illegat
outsid. fie policics ed Fo..d!res, odsid. th. la* ,41 th.y putposs
fd
*lf gfiifi.aionC.O.
0 6l 6 H o tq o g
ril
EI
lack of monl
withi! civiliz.d
si.ty, dd
.!d
@muiry.'
JorSe G.
C@-Acdo, Dneior
31.
"Compdor
is
lav bcing
& dplole
in
$.
city
d@!rt!d of
or
ecpts
payolf !o apprcv.
a
! buitdhg Fmir
a
Dolorids lo rvoid
ticlct."
OibboB
Ih@!
Juior
Phil.d.lphia
lquitu
o6cd
32.
"compdon is d.lined
d nisu. of.ldbrity
towards
Fsonal 8AiL
So
ifa
his
offie
to
nak. boey for hi@lf, uc his o6e io g.l irto Eovi. thllr for
te
or gt
Ee
good
swic*.'
Pbfsr Jet R. Gaa. Colegc ofcrini&l Junie
Stel Q{rtr;lry
e.^.h...
Nonh.-alln
o o e o g
vq'iry, Boston,
6t
E E E E
n n
ffi
e
ll.
Cmpdotr n th
Fw, tmld bdbry, qionio! in0rc p.ddiq, nepotisD, n!ud, sp.!d n@y o.
of pnblic
niw
tg
CI
s o
la
o s o a g
mb@letM1."
F
P.liiE Tmsis PoAtm for A@udalility & TEspaEny Megftn! D.rclopnsl ard Cottl@ Divilio!
UliLd NatioB Dw.loFn61
u r5
ItJ
ts
tr
Pogm
!u
9J
ts
t It
6 6
E
ll,
Prefes Jact Gr.aL fd e}dple disaM
oftltid
nuMrt
of inlegily a.d
vics
@drpt &|s
s o
E
@ uually
o o o o g! n
E E
@liry
sms d.fnition
a
is
mElislic.1L
bold d.tuiioni
but
on th
itred by th. bw
@rl.9lioi.
otd
a
&
ab6d&t,
list
hr8.
llubs
@m!$or
. lhid
@ qud.r
of dE politiciG
!.d
a Fdigible
nmb* or indusi.l'sl
j'dgs dd
lhe
N@g.
I! tun
vi.w 8ift-givin&
o o EI 6 n 0 n o 6 6 o o H u g o o g
E}
otdf,lnHodngnonffa o o a o ftloiisn! chelting, tuu4 lyile, lobbying ald adultqilion of f@d al moEld
ro
sooonmo[on
.Sh/ <l{"trr...y
e.-aoc
rn*
of @n9dotr "itrrclenDl
@n9tio
of
sut. ad
In 6en
via
'doiig
etl}ilg
ssainn
oeicc
'oE
for
@Nidqllid ir
conprio4 wbal.q
o o EI EI g tg u |' o
EI
be ihe
b@!$
so@body h.tongs |p
s o
n 6 o 0 GI o o
tij
irtcllotul @mtiion"
ril
A Jolrndinic
$udt
@ruFid
the
intervic* fc
sn4:
'*
nc.d lo
dr
!bo'n conpdotr
p@d6 d.penddrc. on
P6ple have cone !o qpct the slat !o ptuvide then everlhirg chdp ald subsidiud,
wnhour
ds
ddEditrg ir S@body
a
sm
&d sys,
'l
harc
f-.d . Lriry,
my
hos
is
gore , Giv ne
rb!
ption
oftt
sotn- So
*lut ou
poliriciaB
ltd adslilisrlloB
harc
4*
b ilsrad of
gt!.s@B lcEl."
!!eN,
10
tba!
incBl
lobbyjne
i! ! 9?. of
6om
*tBl is cciderd io
be nodDdive
b.h.vio
3 qn4t. A qid
judge
riIh
Shl <l{rto'rry
qFi.c of ddling *ilh un4'tim ca,
urieEt nding of @@ptiotr
e.^.h.8
sinilatly qpGscd
ilE fonwi.g
"lt iDplis oy thilg lbat is not sftiglx foN&tl I! Dhft 6erc @ mprd
lhing5
o t-! 6 q tll !
F:
"q rn
e:
tln
*,hich disca
is rFr
ti*iig
ltan
siight or
@Ni&Ed @mpt"
E|mkr
of
dld 6
ciEd bv
t '
MisqFtrpirid
otpohljc
eoM
d o u
EI _i!tr
Kicrnr.b
dd.omi$io.t
o e t5
E
In
tE
lvailable
lil.dnft
of the
vi4
in
by
@dpdon
d filEd6
sicty.
prlrlar
Ioms of
vdB
of a
$b.uluE, So@trl
bul, in Ejecting is
disuss
lhe
sisEe
idcnitilg chaei.ri4ic
of 0E
p6@non
6!l
o o g o D g g o o o EI o o p m o g o
A disddive
f.d@
betvq tl@'
!d
b.
Fffinnoo6Eor.r
of nDdllMl'l iDF
ounende efllin
Srel <l{"rrrat
J.^dro
w
how ofrciat
ElFqllm @ ablc lo
's
E g
*
-*E
S
H g
defnitiotr
delmbbs
how
or diend*l rh. l pDblo li* b rh iEbility of a.y of lbe &filitiN cuffidy Lr.d !o dlind. th. lown limits ol @El4rioa Undl 0is ditrculty Blvcd. d. q*iioD 's cru,ial o th. de\eloptr of &yflor conFion @nEol polici.!, or *herhr the rceF.M of a tip or e'ruity @Edhr6 a @nurr ptrte wiu bc u'N,r@d Mey of rhe d.filiri@ cir.d,horc @srt rbli.dupl ..t5 @ b.gpd in a nmbo of wrys The dislndion mad btwen tld dd niry gFtu ld *mdc. Epeols e c&sonalo. a..odirs !o how 0E adminjsralve eb.uttrcjude6 0 @u!er
Altlbush pobleD exd h @mpton {||ff.s tom o|htr roms
E E ig E
E E E I
6
B o E;
&r
Tt?ologies
actu lly
s.h.m
by which
dblitclioE @
be
Bfin
in idcotiting Eloliotuhips,
difsqt fom
Th.
of
6mpt
*t
or
bdBviq.
Imy q?ologi*,
whjch
e
m
f.tl
Mrdjng io lh.
&lors
iMlv.4
tlE r.ls
tNlc,.nd
lbe dete of
e.-aa.
ntnoogn6mrfficre
gsupings overlrD ud cD in do way b coBidqed
i,\*
on dE acro6 jnrclvcd
h q ilt.gst r.escrio.
of a piwre citizr,
H
tg
6.irls
irioal or qr.hrl,
rhc poti@
subdividd j,ro
pdy{tr io
ton
citih!
p6yd Aoh
pDtusionat
u a EI o
ttj
G}
dimir'rls, ed gEnrid$. Irt mnl ais involvc @ruprim drhin law rfolld@i ascncies
paid
foE lhe
inremal
er of@iirprion
''SEict
adhdce ro $e
code
of
se@y ir a detuitiv.
f.!tE
A simild dislircrjo
brPq ininal
ld
encdat
@ftFio
is
6!q&rtly
Dadc
ir
ed
Rsbuck fo,
dsiry
Ibe
ofas
Daj
@Mjre4
dDpli@
in r
@@pri@ ,o
cl8ifdoB
d.rcdns DoI.
siou
judifid by
d &.lysjs
sc
of
cdul @mpdon
*i.@l fo@
totuWhly
daidl
ftterr,or sI
memb6 of
orCeization'.
o[oooononoooo000f, 0000noooounmnouo
Ste/ Q{ar'.rrry
3.-*"ii.
&1oq ilvohrd
o 6 E E g t o t n
I a
q g 6 6 E 6 d
6 5
I E
g
A@08.
dieindion rEd.
do not.
.ld.r'r
tuch
i,
th.
iMlB
Crim
buglary
ed opFrnuislic rh.n
e *!o
|}ey @ c@ideEd
appropiore
fd incluion
NE
llt
$dos
ofr.M
of lhh
kind.pp6 in rhc
s L"
&t
'Irio* rt'o
do trot
i@lud. ! qLSory
fd Ptsti6
*tict
6EF is m @ma&. do
6 It ta!
E o
r-1
e beae
oflB
io &X withjn
rt ir defaitioN of
*r!l
o o
BI
Olhff t}?oloei* *tich pay pgniculr arhrion io lh. rcio6 inrctved in @npr
rusefiou
$os
which
@plEie noiiEriN.
4 a @i$quac.
by ongong
of
coAdjo! jlro
.kvi&t su!.uthE or
a bdDviq
6co!.g.d
FBeB qeicd by o
of
!,.nd..
o g o o o o o o o n o
of behrvio.
@ifdanor
of gloup
rds,
wtB
have
bqi u.d s
tlE once'r
!o
!e
lh ptugB
ofrbc @mfl
otr6
threuSh
sie,
of stag6 wnich
3.r*e6
f(fu
EflOomnoo6f,noo
or 6e eros irrclved in
of
.db'
or9polo8i.e
to
cmF pFcti*
by
lb*
Eognla $. borat
@!!i
sh
cbsiiodoa @ rh@ of
ba&d
minly
on
4s<i''lont dqivd
ruh
is
tw
lhc
lit
rnle
a u
E}
EI
dt itz.d ecodine
to 6ve
dinffim.
l
2.
*nich dvime
is
org&izc4 and
5,
fonnal
n!6,
@i.ry ofsnrdi..,
bur is
mjd
t}?olog/ is b.$d m
.spi.[y Eli&l
on
c.E. s . sjal
cbi.ny
it
@iive altitudd
on
dr p.it
of the compt
Non of
ih.e ofrM,
'tingc
bc*6ts lioD
is
br
@@rics!
pcun
Cri@ swh
g e o 6 o o s o rl 6
E E o E
e.a.ha. ffiffitr uEooeonEoflmd&l H 6 o u o d buAlary by roli@ {d oda foG of polie eimirrliry @ ror includ.{ in rbis o 6l q o The las tujor lrlolo$,, us.d lo dBw an dion io the notivaii@ of rhe eio6, is 6 |.l Sourltl\ aElysis, which imlu&s e.Mdltly psychological view of th. @meion p HI ptrs. Diirpisbi.g betEn @nFior ad iEtrcictur, Soud si!16 lhal @mpt o
&rs
Shl qld-'.t.y
d!
lbove sllj
!.!!d qFrio6
tology
&d
inar
inblwndt
in rhcm
tlquis
rb.
qeeie
ofnin
t.
KI
L.t
of
p6oMl
choice. His t
is a Fychological
aititudes
clrsori msc Eom a "p|emptio. stag., in which susplible i.' '&nediciioa" d *lich poir
the
o hocr 06 b..m6
ad
by
q.ptaft
strl rh.fr|ro ard dcElopmr of . srale of mi!.t @pl've to cdlpr pr&ti6 sbich 4 Fo4tv. dd rquic rhc involvcMt of orbd
of @trrprid !s rid6Fsd
Rarlng by Elhet
A
is rhe allocarion
onptiotr
vdios.liLs
in rtrcir
cFciiyc .g.ids
probleD for
b6ae l[e
1i16
$lelion of a pnicule
Lrg.
Dh@mdon.
As pong Sugg.3rs
Slil <l{i...'.r.y
3.-*..6
o o e
lll
ltl
"Co!flica
onditioD should
critical, norc
b.n@ vdios clain Drtq e ebcritc mr okr *lErhq a bc i.lintiiied s a siat pobleE, but ovcr *tich ptubtd is leoe
ugotty
i!
ned
allocr'tion.' Fuder the d.gee of impondce sc@r&.Iio th. problen efrs specific
E r.t
|6l
'rsfinnoid
wll
diffeqt .h6..!l
60 r.s?ordors in or
ric
qu&rcE of al
rft
c |a
i5
c6i.t ed @mpiion
ro itr. nosl
iDlondt Pllbtd
oe of
rhe @jor
s r[. ,hon
iadBr,iatisrs
dd
vs
.&jor prcblm
Enbdded
whar cafl
dplificadon
and
.uph.nianior pE lic6 by stich influqniat dn6 adcDPt ene io crmG d dininish the $doM$ of . Fobl.m. ItG reds ,mptificalion, .oDhdiz{i6"
ed
!e ml
to suggcn &y debulirg of ttE eliie ctaiB by @&p.n e n m ro bbjecrive truitB.'Th.y e m.fly n&lro [email protected] nming d\*iq
by
goups a ord.i lo
Judses tendcd
ug
m
ed
qphaik
lhe
@ndjriotu
ir ecieiy,
ed joum.listr,
d.filitioB of cmpton,
l,bo
ffi*.Jfi
i,$ffi
;#fi *"^*,"*"#,ffi
"iffi
"#ff h.'
o60f,u00u60ta
.st'l <llir-..r,y
aplifed $e pFbtd anicutarcd. ,.tocrirc
jouodisrs couideBd it
dc$roys civilized tifci
10 b 0te
e.^.tc6
@.*qMq,e
of horibt.
Judg6
ed
und.tuined
ilc v.l@
i,
rhe
folowjry
dd
a
ro
us
.fIet
on dcnocr&is,
AI$
a a
a t} nir 6
t+ &l
rhe enriE
honl
rabr,c of
ou @btiy is rom !o
vdc
hav. eiod.d
b a g@r cxt&t."
ot cmptjotr
potiticitu
roo *pEssd
e dptjfid yi*
a
@tuprion.
iagnifi.d ihage of
ll. poblm sk to
ai$ by eoftli.g
'Iae
}til. rt
E3
@nrinued
llgDtuy.
kr.r objarirc
of$e uder
fiqsrlvs
nohl {usntes
!d
aitica
p.iril*ed
cies
cltuils
of pqbtic tife,
Bueauqsr ed ildustri.tisr, @irhd wtoD arc Fn'culdty @dcdcd aborr Lr'ci. legid@cy in rh eyd, ovMhetrningly eened tbar compmn r not a najor pDblan. Iu(lhq, by joinbg fic uti comprion rlEloric rhey *ould b &rif,g agaiBl lheir oh iolresls -lI blll@@!5 besr who.w @mpron C!i$ iopon&e in the pnblic dieouEe, it is ihcir gmup $si bcoms the larget of clee up cmpaigns!
md
I"ffir**,@
nsnoqEnffimno
lhe
.sh/ <l{rtr-.I.t
e.r*@
rtd b a.hievine lheir fi@cial objetiv* virhour rhc pbc.dul herB gorm@r or mnIrol_ Aciually @nprion is g@ orly s e addilioraj Fie oa wi6; d{t ii is
10
T**tttg
tt ir oM slndets
, lFtD
E
H C o
i!
inponet prcbLor
othq.Dm E
E H
rhcy have
s@1,
tt& codpiio4
isB
in
*tich
Fturd
or Crcup
.en3 .l !lal,
such
oacomblpn!rSei
ba rddi*r,
ftrdo]@
Sh/ <4.&.'.rt
ffi306rr650emrroo
t.-*o..
Chapter
Nine
Nlaurc of Contrplior
-nE
o n o o o o EI o
kF
do no
6ee Mdins
sutsrardal
delayed
s@
appoinrnoi
EI EI
u u u
Jat
"tl E) EI
C!en{ obswh h!rc er.d $. pGs.c of heredc @,rpri@ of ponicdd 0F, I@eln rhe pE tice of buyirg favoE ,m ihe b!qu.,"r Esloujble tor binuldilg &d adDjnjsllriDC lhe eovem@as eonoeic Flici6. Tr?ical etdpt6 e btibery b
obtain f@ign dchqge, nnpo(
[email protected], or io
abid
rEing bxq.
Tne
$bv6Dn
of govem4i,s
o g u I'l o o o td 5 ct o o o o o p
El
at
for d.velopmdr
s a
EI
polici6. Ir hrs c@Ea8ed iDm6tily ed slf_e.ldng lading b wd.AEad crnicisD. ha fdwd rb wilirgN lo fiake s.i6q for lle sidy,s eorcDi. dcvtop@cnr Omcials h{narge of public wo*s hlv
ll
thd
10
othcr poplc.
Cslom oflieh hlve ptqry of ;pe br spcculado i! qct4g of fin ,s go& without Lwjf,e tnc dnty
lart Ertwing it
delars
tho
@tbjlg my h,E b
6e inrelriable
dagd rhd $n
s@ds
wil
b d&nagd or
slolh.
[of, odnooonnoonooo000000
Sri/ <l{"b-...y
6tff
ngflomE|ef,ee{NK|o 00
i
gat
e.-*.,o
lolts
on v.hicl6, espcci.tly
whch Boaly
qry ndy nc
@
pNng6 lhd
tney
vejery of
hiDr
EgutadoB, TtEy
o o E n o o EI o u
sl
5llorryd to poceed
Egsdls
id!.tos
'
Cdp.jgn ontiburic
e.6Mon fr*e
fte
sloils
s*s, {f
Eilmy,
tt ruil *otu, rb
ildividuals in lhen
E: E
fi u o
ra!
@ ttvd.d by
apetve
offiiat positioG
In addirioo to
@ npjorld h
tribqy ocr\odr @iN sb6idjdy q eilhry rchniqB. trc mded K@y *d fairly obviou. ,fte b@s of 4 agEmq
ro
F p 0 o
6: t0
it:
of @iDhidry
or
&
oie
olctiD6 optorld.
Iiid docudlary
aido@ d po$ible
l@
o o o o o
c o
@Mftirl b.nk
tle
dlde by
or colpoDtc
ibG,
false
dni6 l@ @d.,
@ds
orc
fde,
h n6t
of
itrsllesr $e &ued
e *prDalrd diftui tw
or "sred,
plieuioi
Th.
dinjd tuft
b done,
s4
sqneljnes
doubl,
Ih.
pnwl
vdb.lly, tud
eoood[moffionfl[ooffioono
Str/ Q{srya1t
e.r.16
fte
biS
@rp@tioB hav.
for
i.d!
whN job
is
b
of
Lt
oFEtcEtpo*sof@nu
on. TlE
otrcial
&66 a.riviri6
is pubtic
EladoB.
dijs Am oe hrd[ilg
rheir
*ib
E}
tgl
EJ
o g o
F[
rhd s *dt 6
dE
$pdids
erro
bdb..
Sohdi@
Fi4 g6
io dE htgb6r
o
o o p
ei
t-t
PJ
fi FI
|ll
fe wj
rly ro
E!!@
for b.iog
.Iosld
,o slay in
oplorno! e
aid
sfu
&cnDiqE
ftdlfo!, a *id
llrc*
8e
nght
Oq
't6,
rop
ad
niddte
lqel bu@u@ts
8or
juaos
hou!6 built
i.
E pto)6 CkD.rzdrc
&d peshrwd_
houins scietio
ar
b@|er, &[email protected] rh.relc io babirs ad r esr. of living dsr B tutn mftally inposiblc 10 equ!& wiIb tbeir looM e@s of jDrE, Mey b@rcErs Iire eirher in hLd hoe or i! hous dlor&d ro rhh by thn EsDective
deFftndynirisi.ie
rDd
-ft
&e.hj,
lore,
rs.lpi!.li
g E o a g o o o 6
s 5 tl o
E
Ed
our rh.
hous oMrd
by
rhdl
So@
vw
fond |@ing
eftelpnss rh.r rh.y 6uld nor hdv. posibly broughr by stilllg on $.n hoe tpiDs tuDcy. Wive of bu@*ra!s *d. Eh.r oificial frltcliou tu mg willr jeets &d
ofroono
Slr/ .l{rt6141"
nnllNnffitE o000Elt00 E o o o gom tbar in hor6t *idis w d bavc iDDdiarely .alghr rhe ye of i!o4 rox o o E o 'nE inn@e of bu|lehtic tar otrur,iid in ;bwi.g doq ll. wt&ls of s adninj$"rio Fnicutarty det girg rt E rlE .dmidisrdiw u syslo tag.ly Etsi.s rh.
is
3.r.r.6
idpdinals io sped ed trci.@y intdited Aoh @lonjal drc. Felne of adDiri$rtivc @mption e i! |@y 6prj sioih. b &6e fold by Se0Ee
Comir h tndia, nF Fpon natcs ii abund&{y cl6
rhar:
'rll.
FlccduEs
ad Ieric in &c
\reridng or go\4funor
off6 e
to haE
cmb.ao@ dd dilarory. Ihe qiery to &!id &lay hs eMusgd ihe grovih of disl'ondt p.&li6like $e srsd of,3p..d mEyr. Speq mey s Epo|l.(i
bohe a fai.ty
o
EI &t
o tat fi u t5 o
ril
EI
o o o
Lq
iD
n![6
rctalins ,o
eft1 or
Cahlty th.
Lrih.
c!s.s, io g.r
s F
p o 6 u o
H
GI o st
od,*t!Iy, bll
s!tr1s !o
qed rp
ed
cl)m@cinod Ft
s.f olered e
thar
Epolred
the md!..
tn fi.y @ $iid,ly
had
pc6u.d.d tt
hen p!s.d,
c$
rhe
st
t d by s srcEl.y
rrE
ooshDa,
such
@nhed
b&k rill rlE uforord. s@xerr hs p.rd Irenq|lon to rhc slbodimi. co0e(.4 Besides b.in8 . bon
,r&!cer |!e clnoh of sted @oey
has
ij tfl
sppropn.rc
objeriombl. @tull
of dct y
beore
of ite
D61sioB qus6
St/
Q{r6s.11t
3.-.^..c
s n ord.. io gd wb.t lE
i5
ani{ed
ro
6 hu.h. Frt
erlicntio
for
goMrEmi
bei,e
gthlly
and
dt
wi6
&l
rqw3|d,
lh. 6n@ial
me4
of rh.
ctail@i
rh.
{it
FldoEiE r of $ll_i!ieE!
Tie v.ry
6.@
of
imni$nive .oruFia b
Egardls ofpubric inleEsl. B*ides fie disrjbuiioa offavob, tE conuF br@EEr t$ !@y o$r rEa of ptlei,e ad rclair,ilg poE TX.yFe s ",fu" ro potiricitu
o n o o o n FJ g o
EI
ir pow
rbL
who i6&
T1E
dm ido @nfdcM
aad uliimla.ty
{t
FI
boqsds
ausl mle
hl@er t@ qploB
of rho* e,io fc.ls
favoiilism
shoh
o.lizlion
wite
adh@nr!
edi6
thsdv6
on$q*n@ orcoeF [email protected] rute shich dneo,bu !d-rhFr6 &Ely i.fllec $e etrdes !e.i,s dE idunie ofrh. qi3ilg ddd, isdnciil &d infdior $tbol acomodaroro, In ahscna ofmes of@Elrio4 iradeq@ trosprr.r equjpno! diny saEB, hp@ Mre, sqDpty, Egld of .dmini*drirc Efo@, pod od high-Fied util'ty sdic$ lnd selent orhd. All thing, @Nid.r4 th. c.dupl burarE@y b rhc
o o
E
5l
B' EI
Lie@s of vsdols
kinds
oo anicls,
stich
b. eld
!l
Cian
pllfr, @ tlqhdy
gih
io dE
cor'p6d6
sm e olt ired for ghtlng oBj@ to l@ig1 .!d fonlG e ,!.b ,un attoeht of laab betongjn8 io tb ,r.1
,
.sh/ q{d'o.r.y
**'g
e.-.\.tu
{d
cuso@ duti6 ofrer
dplc oppodwjrid
fo. gEn.
avoid
n
&,
t'ibs
orc
@, evd
is
tdarid
alrosrhd,
ItEna lh@
who
Fne
to pay
wil @ire
o
|a
mo6l stri.eefl
ssucm. rlui
t'
tlt
&i
lie
of
vjctihrltio
bBincs ir
re$ott ofbrib.ry.
tlt
al
'Srdr-h.ibr, b
l.m
lc
prcFrts n ei$r abu.d otbisus.d. ,Itis q?. of@lror dllnds io pnvate @nneeial bdlc rlhD! the disdbutio of delDsir, of pudic .fte
tutrdg
oEiEtiq
rc*s ed
of rDbtic
An
1he
distribldon of $bsidi.s
m,
be in ihe
mlw or
,st4e_b.ihery,,.
n p e H u o tn
a o
E
8i
Lq
*eurive my
buy a l8isla1or
*ith a appojnlteDr
'auio-comPljor'. An artDini&lrive
omdd
k@
for
hier
q4kn tuutd
be saurd by
.Aur&drupdoa
uog dumy
@ipotadoB.
rEy
borh b
,,individurk,,
dividcd by bdividlds in $eir bpecdle officirl positjoru, Dul tne loged'a alt rtc panidpeG h drt
Sale of public
Saie
sn6
of e!@b bind
gee.
om6
is d
dev.:loping
@uids
ofoflies ha Fnerlred
My
E
is
sld
k)
who
E{Dployed
folloqrd
Es.id
ro
fdjl, ed
ouoDioo0000n00nooomo6unou660nHo000oito
3.^.to6 g06ffi6|0moomom ooEomdo&nnE G 6 6 g o g ale fron pa@hial Sroups. The lisl of wi6 thar su..ess6rt official is qpcrd E !@vide hir qInded fuilr @gjne non ftrdins ofjobs shot t$iF to irie povision q o of fersr erd lodgi.g for vi!ito6, .tt6t th. popule
tu<t
Sr,/ q{iro'.ry
10
s G e
ct
o g o 6
c c
10
of
su.stut
Dr u@n@o lo
tit
frt
IT
o It
tud em ds
s
of pro-$oi@ art
iFwie
fre
of Ih.
f&iliris
dFrs)
at
'nilitution
ard to
s
food
{rt aiotts
(ai
iInitltioo!
rEt B ofiafld
u a b
rit
Er
TT
for pmviding
o GI e o o G g o e te c 6 o tal n o o o 6 o o
F o
n5liinior
dp.ns)
i5
our
ofhis
sdary, r* mNt
*ia
ComFi@
atso Arjngs
sr.t! atparalu
of
orlprion .e @ducr.d ue
pad of aid
WIM GpEenrsti6 ot
fcigl
inreEsl
q!.Niw
lhough
uds
hading of @ftpd@
subctanrj.t ,,tiDgcbqcrits"
e!
olIaed io
$,ho
itumbdE
,putl,
ro
I&k
ircraseq mbie
obl,in iinge
h.Etu
OtrCs
apFiltd@r
s Dew
or nd
ofe
to lhe
a.6!
g o rt u a o u n o o o o n p 0 n 0 o p 0 n u o o s o o o o o
6l
i
FI
G'
o|lrso{r60sowurlsfrE8g6Er500rdot#
8.^*.."
oBooooEEo&rcosooo
o o
I
El
rhe politicat
iDtEoe qen d
by
famy.
t
potic., ge Revdue, ih. Cusro,Lr! th public
{E
6 E
Sone officilb of
Wdts
Incooc
rq
rh H
lg
iifucentu
fd
in@e H nusr b. p4sed on to slFrio," ,r*"d, *0". 'bw'rl@y *,tto llore.r fie ", 't H pre@ olsveEt devic for eg@nring iMm "@lcrs". Tbe i,\DWh th qdis of E 15
elc,,
tro
,lctiq
advoliasous E
Pad of
th' qo"
Er [E
efrdj*
@s of offici'ls div'*t
so
<inglv
tucuoned.
ditr@r h.&h6 of adDirihrion ir h s.fttdly
ssumed dEl
o o g n o o
&! EI
o kl n &t o
s tr
6 o g
GI
rhc H public worts d.partrhqts .nd govemor purclEiag agercie ft prticuL.ly cmpt, d E e.ls rlc agercia @jne rh.6ilE$, th. ofr6 issling impon a<t dpod li.6s. E ard do* csloNible for rhe dssslMt hd conedior of 1ax6. MoB g@Ety, il is H ercd rhar dr*rb@,y poE is sih to officialj. d. posibdjd6 'ne@d of g corupr,on sould b. ennef,ed E Cl In a *.se ile br@ahcy js piivy ,o stsidizld !
s,"nseapdamsdryeushrby*brd"","m"id'n
As
rh.
fil*liodl d@baael
irF&ijkms
or rhe
;xj:;::_T
.nd
poor and
borh
'Er&F
ovrr
b,
Oe
[d elgs of ndqdianior
H E
H
ofil6 ed csprrcB
d. mrion muon l buleer h @abr. b po, i& ad.qudc salq6. Ttc.ros elary satq6. Ti. r.$ _r &hcdut. pohd.c &
sl!$lg. yd
H
i H
6mcxtt8s05ffi
B c
Efi USA&l0soEuo6EKIUrnrruoir6r{dt}BroEi
Snr Q{"r*or
n66ebnctmGtmoEHOp
o
6nmc iGniv.
lli
fo. epiralizjrS @ ercry opporneiq
*I @E&r
ro
drgm
tg
his
eles. wh.ftE.
tlt l.t
TlE signifod of h@uaFric oElprioD is tid,righred by 6.1 Iblr pohical csiD. c@bled, a @jor a.d oftcn &.isive
6
F! IT
ti:
tlJ
slse ha
bd
rh
pFvalqe of
oilcid DisDd@i
and
th.ollcmilot s!'ad
of
p
E
ed
95S in
pakin
@itibured
b oUb srhplob or parj$ld pluic lifc ha lIft b $e d..bElianio oft cdmo nq lM cotrrldior IIn
*s
fw
rik ly to
u n tn
I.!
Ei
E
f.l
td
wiF
out
wlalels
I'l
bercfts
by 'n
aw @mmic
ptDjats
nish
havc
neasui.s
{E llkft
BpoN
ro widelpEad
lh.y
re
6 o
$e snal cdp,ir..
ll!
frt
E E E t|t
i5
.shl ql'dsr..ry
e.^.t.
Cru36 of Corruprion
oie of d. @jd
distinsrilhed ability
c{lB
of
!o
srpprs
s4qdc,
ilj
IE iiu
d.ir oM rdld
by phcing
They
tll
dd
l@
of |atdr
aI
&I
eEs
of compri@
FI
6.1
fiI
of
@ .,ha@rrini6 ot I,tDl
shali
ti)
$beqMdy
cail
peioria
sities, bo$ @
sylt m
tutu
elal. th@3iB
io rlE pohical
H q o n o ta
e4
hded, FniciFr.
i!
rh
ryttu
n@
of lh.
stsr.n. Hec,
capac
t sity
slDsriur.s
.glbqr
F' 6t
o o o p
frt
or Fivar goslr
*tilc violde
o 6 o o in o g 6 n o o ..t
ii,
Ei
or maliog dmsnds
t0
@mpii@
!o @drpr
ste
e in.girin
lc
Ifu
'IlE im.dire
*tut
ed
ol
r.,
d offe e
Elarivel,
tu@r'j
by
@b!.rjeq
rlE
s
l|t tit et
E&lE &t|loeHt&l
o g
ffi
SteJ <l{trr-ny
e.^.r.,"
i5 aladv.ty
AddinisFativ
peoplc
@tuFio
6y r. ol@t; d
o b a a 6 til u
til
i,J
bae
lb
F fr p
aar
ed
b. disrineuish.d Aod
ttrib. ofnoncy, it
rhe
poin
ofviw
on a
Fadie ba i.L.n
ns sigjific.M. s
l,h.
oFn gin of
a basker
of
eril
a
ti! rit o f.l
r.t
Itl
pri$
oNledby@ i!ui9
yirh
older custoD.
tlt
& tretive public honlity
!o
fii
|.!
cmot
hfl4
lnG is
sn
h
ro
h.pp.n.
th.
ftn
pla.q Eos of
tE
dtE@ly deFi<hnr
!F.
ii deEto''rat
rth. civil
i1
n&\
is nol
tr
devclopnenl
is the
plu
wilt
be
firtfiId.
higha
lfrhjs
plno ofbh.vidoftn
mb rhem of tuwh of
bwsu@y
and
if fiis i, fairly
wll
o IT p tJ 6 o n u o p u 6t 6 t o
E
|lli
fi o
rtuM,
ii ltely b
dld *ith
$.n
o D o 0 snich rhe @mmic dvelopnent of tne couEy &Fn&. h fiis c*, mnch will tD on to g fJl ofi &tEHorx5oE8ilGtEt&rE8)ErElosElo*ittuEto 6
my
bc
eovmt
follM
in lhe
it 6
mod6t by MrE slqdrd, bln srill ldge in rlatidn io rhe levl of inlBrerft on
Shl
<UdE .l.y
J.*toa
g o
io buy
bllttaE y ry
it
ssity
ir
|l, iJ
Bdrisb
Aei@
ad Seis! bdts,
Ep6qrs !
s bavc ben @rcd.d wrdr ile concept of pow$ in hlllm society. bur rh* hav been v{y tittlc pstdologjcd l$eh b shoe, bow rhe @nrol of rhc sI6 of powr cnag6 rbe vi.ws of Ihe FweFholds alout ti4lf, @d qhlt Lild 9f i& he datop6 in d.rlidg
Fbm
philo&pbd, siarescn ond
wiur the l.ss pow.rfi{. Th.rc is Mpte hisrorical eviderce to the
tin6 i@mdjrl
tft 'a
o o D tlJ g
fl fl
lal
flar
thnl ptupl
ff g tlj p
ti)
19
tat
FF6
ttj
lq
Ei
exautvc powr. Oi. nftis *idsprcad adDtarion for iloe who hw. @wulard
fonb6
in
.hfrdq
of lhe seity.
HowEr, !r rlc
st.flicisD
rs@es
s.
rim. ir is @t u@Dmn
b 6. Fopt. showirg
dep
o 5 g o o tg o p
h. will
his authority
ed oflj.ial
s E}
to cxploir
odr6.
'Il'oM
Hobh6
i!
vialhd
si4..I
nct pbe
o6rhd), !
perpetud ald
r.stts
.ijsteM
ou1
ot th. ,eatianjon by
tll o p
qg
md
rbar
ucCual disr.ibudo!
is a
ofpow
elre
ofqploi&non.
g o
H
FI
Thft
is
pai
wct
o o o q
ta
tg1
Hobbee L&iath.n,
.d[d
by
IlI G
Srrr Q{rrorrry
3. *oF
o
It
F:
tcl
by abuse
ofpow$.
illl
which they
i.flict
pow
whethe,
aloDic
! o
!: &l e |'1 q :g a n
al
te
rI
d'ns,'!owr
0p
single nost
!o
b.rvq pom
a
&d
fajrly tong
for rhc
!.iod
6cF
m@on
is
es
.?ow
neN
to
vdi.ty of
nds,
dd
as
nov.
men 10
st
n,
dd Us
to *hich rlEy
wilh lo pur
i! @
vdied
ed
dsiE
to
d i[pati.le
with inefficietuy, .vm o@dionslly a s@ of duty. fc.linSs of compssion for dE udddog, lov.
o ff H 6 g g EI o n o 6 p
FI
I'J
s t!;
ofcohrr, b.r!.d
of
trs&
o. nuddle or injusrie...&
0
rhe
ft is tn. mn
hldnt
and comprhg
poE
si*
o o o c o q o o a
&:
fi c 6
n00cto
Sr'l
<U.ba.t.y
e.-.a@
o p
c E
$ tr
n'".rot".
rt'" eu.rrio,
*i*s
thar what
fons compron
fic
e e tli n
F
holde of power rnd, @ @Nido pok, hi< E ' suNne ii life, aid rherc is insadoble mbition in hih ro nuEr udd his onhol "alue E[ E * *r ***. ^ * witnin hud @h. codpnon ,o the @ntexr ne@ rhar |l, Fw rDs beome & @d itscr &d id@ls snd *cIoci6 tile loE, ch{iry,
Thc
rN
EfE ro a
c4
in *iilch lh
s u c c #
ltl
lq
fr
E
fd ,.
mnpssioD, loydty
@Bidded
h@insla'
would b whsn
indjvidud
a o I.!
G' t!
GI
ua fir
bfr
reems for
lwmt
6nFls
irs hotdd
r,o
inflate rheir
$fIG
of&e
ls
powrtul,
ed q,lH
of
eil.&
walrh is
rhe
o n rdy
.ffct
.nd *,116 it
e.6.*@
obs.ssior\
Fopl. gocnly
ircrutriti6, &d
is ulcqlal
$.
ald
*td
rh .tist
ibutio!
ofrstlh
.I
of whicb
s,tD pcsas
lur
to poss*s
hor. dd
rhosd
posg rhirrj.g
rbrr $cy
Ekl6 m.s
so he
lo
iodividud
sio hs de welr\ hs d
nui b!v.
ro rhc
rl til o u
|ll
rl:6
to
qt6
of
poE, p{ticutdly
husr havc
&as
ch!nb.6 of poliricat
dqt pornl
h6
Moi.
atwsys
is
of pow6. fi
for rhis
r3en
lI l
of
wry
l@M politi.al
*tich
D@r
sr linits
ro rhe
uqubnion
d0onrtic.lty boDcs .
we.tLh is a vc.y
els
of.omptio!,
Il
i5 dE ro rlE
ii!.mt
@ey @nooy
pltgr
or
in all
hllln siii6,
but
i!
inr.nsiry
imar.d @ifold
giv6
wirh rh.
rlducrio!
mney @rcny. la
prEdcy @moy
bribe, @utd he
in rb. fotu of a
loE
ed
q@ inhftndy
dcnonstr6bte.
olher
Ndl' th.e
;",1jJiJr.,##.!.r*.
.r*."r J
c"*Jllii
.st'/ q{iro'.1.y
3.-*.8
dd
rhc
ws
liDircd
with it
vsr e
, As socirj6
d.wlop,
sh
opFrtudrid
illtfu
tnc
posibilitie of@ruption.
o EI o o n HI o fil u p u rt ril u
E
gov.mal fi.y
ro
d$tu
hm
tue
to a cqr.in
da
b aue
*ftl cgld
rules
d. fld
pow
ed gled ooog
of tnis ecial
d tc fiD.tud&l $ue
of comprioq
rh
ey
,jlndr Dur t le
p6pL\
ricn
qedDdos of rh.
in g@ebt
sss
nrch
this
hs @ftlud.d
tuss
ft s
blded
I[e.xr.
wodd deperd on [ow bu.b tt Fopte in $al 6@icly !E lcp3rd to bl.raie il.
6 o a F) o F: a o o
tr
Lll
tb
rh major
efliy of 6@t1iotr. Th.y e id.Mrly lporberjc rnd tb.t aparhy is lLs ftajq tue of govmor's gan !d bribcry.t6 llis is panicutdly rle i! si.tis
whd lhe ruling.liie
ha @ndy
;6es
wlnour
6y
brdirion of
M&nilrd latls
dv.loped
about new
n6
ay
noms
difler
IE,
&d
other
ihe
li",l'#"tr1*i=5r:Bi:j1$=!!rdoj!!"ul*ioo'
Th
s,.bs*
w.kv,
ooooffi
ff***
g
*ry
StrJ <ll.ro'ry
3.-.^@
6d B
$.ir
livelihoo4 th.
dBr rhcy
ued
tun
,ept.
in gacral
ofthm @ nodi!8
c@6ete srep
fid
figmns ofa
$tdm raL ey
but
lo
th.ir etuh,
For
in
ut
rialism. In lhc
ps
Bft
dd
@oradivcly
dd l*s
edd
l}n
nb
who
bs mey,
wallh ad
in
sets
wicty
alribsr.d
FDjsirc .lti!ll(t6
of rh.
by
$rrg
.nc
d ece/ed
Comprion is
$ uiv.N"l
sns
ro
b. n
bbs
aeainsl ir,
gowmrs o r*c oy
pcople abour ils
rcrOn ag.iNl it
ed tte
aydercs mo4
ails.
potiticidns
fel
2
rh.y bavc
McMuI.n, . a
rhs
ot
c.Noroi
Ihe
No
Jut,
196
tp
e.-ao6
H
rhen
i! Lh. oc@n or conpla.flcy. No on. .vd sms rc tro$ $trG !o bcgin 6stu 'rr againn 0!c clmprio., ed in rh. g@in8 @dusion p.rbwrF of retnrlc 6!ds h.@e nuky, dd th soci4y is supended in a linbo of ild@isio! .!d be{iLtcnflt. In mdy caks. legdt sdcrioN @ avelsble bd ttey d. celdom inplm.nre4 blr $ my b.lieftb if th.y e oforc.4 Irnptiotr *ill s:dll be *ft[ B. Incidcne of @mFior will delirc when poliriciaD. 3rop payils oDly lip*Fie ro rh. id6 ofpublic .thiB, md rhe Fople lcave their nonchalsce dd s seroc of rcsigmrioi! dd show dcrmjFdor and @Msc in iniriadng siat sciioB .g.i'$ bod r!. @duerd snd
donc
d.njob
sirl bek
E {t E E
jg
g E
H B
g
E
th.
smpi.d.
rh.c
b dorher ea*nds
o @ Gmurare th.n ted4 &d rhd n is fl eom Lbo d.r @mpton spilk ove bro rhe En of scD. tn lt'. liE anh otr fr lcidsh,p. powe! ed epoc'b'lnr. rhe rendency is b sive th tan.r bsmptiotr a fr rlodtely sler im!6rl'e..t h is sd t[a rhE e c'6in iniRnr d@trrs in Lh. I
who Lnid< |hd
moEt H rurp'tudc in Gi.ry. tr bd ben obsncd lhlr nr:rs m e@rd hd b dutr|. (hcn E lodes. lr is a pm of $e tu onuole6r. $hicb deals wirh rhe Rtdiorship bdw $ lh.lads dd th subja.s, Md shoq wtrlh.r p6pl. @mF rhe [email protected] or via vffi E Sorc b.lioe d.t il rhe lad6 d ctmt that h.G l} r lh. p@pl. d onpr E bees leades aAo all s. Ftrducts ofth sde society. Tl|re @ orh6, howevo, E
do.s
p<opte.
,|].*s
@E
e!er_!_y!E4-
oiscour.slll
e)
of, f, oaff
.St,ra <Udor.t y
e.-.b@
*hch
kp
j!l!@@
attd
8ullibili9 @ .xpbned md noipul.tcd by fie cf0y polilicis &d this is how they
@ dEgg.d into @dprion. It
is
oh&.d
rh!1
sieti6,
in
$cir
sial
comFio.. WtEn
driE grouF
n.ls to
sially
b Dadc
lcgitinaE,
b@&
a
if
will
$cial
scialialion in mosr
c.s
oM
ro
grcur. ln sucb
siFdtuEl aviretlmr
public oiicials,
I! a siry
b.havio., pubic
is admiEd
infl!.rc
on
hulm
dis.
Thc only
sid
viduc
$tict
ed idoliad
.xtdt
io which
pdson
@ sde
lhe
inr.Fsr of
lh*
o o g
a o o a o o E o o o E o u o d 0 a
EI
rit
G[
.los dd [email protected]
nut t*e
frdwork
sicty. bau.lh.
casdce
the
fomd or
the
onDal
Ir is
rlsys
sio6
@ned @ong
the
las
lhdslves
rc
rsponsiblc
bribery
Srr/ Qlerurry
e.r.tc6
fou points.
to which they
An
rn lysis in
this
mdtd
l@ls dud
ed
the
tg
a llj
laws
qrc
re
fortified by public
EI
o
E E
tlJ
E} 2. How
ct
6y it t
iohE4
ro
bdk rh.
law
dd *h!r @
!h
b.ing
g
3. If it
is
cs nate
out of n,
E
nat
.I
th.n
4. Whal
lhe
laws which
o a tE
F:
ob*p6 agE
iblr
d.fciar
ib
fou
our'
Th@
seml
hislorical
oM
U. m.topolita. @uEy dd gEn d i1 by foft oD lhe sio, rligjoN dvilt)'mols pnich v@ tur eldr of ir -I}* f@is, tas inrlduc.d
n l!! o n 61
Ei
t* E
dtirly lw dimoim
behavior, The
!o *{Dt
d.sihbl.
,!d
what
*u
mr d6irauc in hl|!M
edt
ict
lM w oid
rhis
o n p
E
ltl
ueri.in.
Dist
offi6
d
po*s
@lojd !olici6,
As lonS
o6er
mpdouty ho61
@!Oid b.n@i
le
ed nom
b odpri@
ueruDulos
$@
las
againn
i!.
thnl th.y
my
i@mplde
or @nl6dict
@h olha, rb.Ff@
@
In
is ror sEFised if
oribare
lhfl.
enc c@
ofi6
o H u o o u 6 o o o o o E
F!
R6ard
.nd Edg$
snktu _c.dots
3.-A@ n6f,0mooommooo o o o o bD foud slilg srs, r.d o{be mh6ic.l gcdgds nuc! a!ov. dF onrDled pricc, b& e e nodry ce b done agaist then bel@ tle law agairst bla.k-marketinS @ It@t for n o o deal6 dd @ not agai.n pnvab .ili4c. ln 1953 goM.nr of Pbtislrn isucd 6
orEmffinno[c[
.sri.a
q{ds.r.y
10
*ler5
b
his
udcr
lh*
nna dy of
e p
l.I M
r,+
F:
hem,
elicd onlluttry.
Ei
mt
@sniu
it
olE6
wrnts
ihs.
bsnl
ru16
s tlI
ti)
EI EI
LA
FI
e@bl6uld mt
be
chek d. Th.
cdt M
o |l!
L'I
*ial {d
Mifold
Mle of rhe
19r?
Mirion of t
I'l E o I'l D
oi
s o
.JI
influ of $
ald
thoM&
of
Efu6
unhjnged
adninilfatiE stability
p.ople
bn
d
diiiht
b.hind
atMg rctugs fo
*tLftnr
mt .v!ilau, !.ople
fiUed highly
pedod of peic,
tbe
wetuinty
o Lq g o o 0 o o g
dd goving nudions dd
avilrm@ls @ rnicl
srpioE of
o c!
o
t9!
lq
'ShsHasKn n
Adn
'n'srr.tve
o.cmpro.
EI
tar
.srd q{d'.'.r.y
J.-*o,"
p
influ
of alout
oEurdon ihrivc
rhc
no* IlF
sud\.Ln
wd
biliion
Efuq.ret
bqde
da
o F
o EI o a u g itt u
and
p@dws
rbat w@ adoled ro
i1 we
Amlbn a3pel of
@ple
or
bs
greuts,
tas
which
uivBalty
advdug
6lo
all
eut
E;
is thd
*to @
subj*ied io
E
FI
E!
disadldllge @mptu*e
|ll tlj
|!J
co'udion
is
@Nid.'!d lo b.
ai6r
tI q
dd
B}
F!
gove@ent of
6mrry
of
ond
thN
of ihe
wiery b whhh
thy orqare,
groups of
ir
ei
particuld ofihe
ptuedw ed aim
dE
dfad Lvclj of @mtption ir difeEnt sied6 deFnd on th dral !o which gov.Mr ao sdy e
popuratm ar a speial
ll
is a
otur
obsarior
lhar
h [email protected] r@!o
of
dv.loFndr jt
:le
lh
siai4
i! gcndt ed
in paldnd plnicule.
, compdien
Asia
a4
thc
su.t
&d Wsled obsrye is lba! conplion h noE pprlol now thm b.foE
gnqd
io rtE
o 6 E g o o FI H 6 o H p s 6 g e o
E
FI
B!
tighd ahdoB of
n
"
4E!3..
M.MJnar. -corlolo]1
r^
Sc'obgiet
"! Rdi*
h. plg .
Elcorone ,i
w*r
EI E!
anffi 60600b6sutrdouoo$nouod
Sh/ <l{dr'.ry
3.-.h...
o
p6ior ofthen
ofiicisls
hnve nad
rlev.lopbat
ruling
tll
Ufe. and
tu!
to &hi.ve pedebniftd
obj*dG in fiis dia.tio. -nis bls Bd.d i! th. polif@rion of dep.trndb &d .ami6
in vnich critical
o n 5 o
iT
s
!
fl@dd tralelios.
$e
The
thaii
rhal
imtt4
in
tE erivitid
of ibe ar
govd4nr multjpud
cheh
of
mption ha .
IE
atlte
tdel
btue
in
ill
i* q
E}
s
u EI a o a
AI
Gposibitilies ro ud.ml
b lbar
'@r
ey@
.6id
go\rcmdl
@roi&}ly lighq
at th.
tu
rat or
disbw
illslllle
ompeDies,
s n s o
0 o o o o o o o o o o p
E
r:
s6
of oihe MnparioN
ld
Fofssio6
acs b
mr@l
Eee6,
md
sutwj*
indurriat sfely md
hrhn4t
of
conFnslim prostu.
The srr&6
in hjj.naly.is
Ctl:rEy hs
ir
I! oihd
words p6pl
0 q s Fl g
EI
rrcunnar My'd.ras.n
&!
pro lor
11
c o
oooomEroo#
wJ tvl
b deducnbk.lr E s The govlmdi ofPali 4 in oiiler ro en@urage p6ple iowads daclolmoral E &riviti6 qolved pmgtlm ofl.rsre.le {Islibdio. ofFmirs, $bsidies, gtuG, las H @d 106. llE [email protected] ir bosr cls pased las aid [email protected] fiEds, bul left lhe H
thd s a pd
oi rbeu pobLc Flar:oN omprga 6nd sBke lhe
EI
fr
ord
.trcidi
If
e oftpMu weB
ro
6:r.btish B
li.tN Ei !o iftrort mchiney, &d @y ned officiat pemision ro inpon r.w @lqiats froh B abroad. If a fmd wet5 to buy a lr&br, he h6 !o have a pmnir fton rh. pold ffi aurhoriry. Thc sovtmor inv&iabty @ftoh imprcved sds e.l f.nilih. rf h. is H cap.Uc of i6lAUing a tubewu. he nust havc e elerric cm6tion for *,bich h will E
fa.bry, he nds dc Fmisioo oflhc 6rE@ ninisry. Hc rqun6 a sprFrc
losr1isi'otrcialsandiGpeloB
lr
hns been obJ.ncd
be I ha ro dpptuch Lhe imsabo0 d.pann nr td m i|).fu in rr. votmc of Ml.r ln othq E @'d! if a FM is a @Df4ior ro |I. sovfmd o d.wtopohr prDj*. b. * ne.d B
bave io
soh
govemot
omcials. If a
famo
wrs lo plel
ct
g
dep.mflE. tike
agricutM. E comuty de\clopn.nL nn l @nslMton &t @FEijtc ffidi.s, 066 wirh v&n S {n dieEtjon ry poe h.re Dn<L gd fonrrc, Conpriotr dr 10 M@nic dcvcropl@i E E
butdins
$d in @bn
Par.ar.r
rE"** wish
1970
"
B c
ffiffioEoffi&rroosnH
.sh/ q{dx'.t.y
e.-.t4.
nis
is
is DoE
lmp
in citica
tha
in villag.s,
b@e
dE
gom.nt
is
obssd wirh
industrialialion
ed
UE
fas
g o EI s o
lrl
si!
@oll|j.M in ciris. Sicc rL. injtialirc in $i! djrdion ir dtiEly nod lhe govfuclq
ihe Mtuml
IlI
6ult i.
thlr
.dmirisllo*
in ch{gc of
tF
projds
for
N gih
utiniEd
n it!
.r!
pol6
'n
ro lhe
a
jr
ihis
rhe
lret
.nd
rd6 lih
niui@iG. SiE
erdge
,ublic
o o til g p iru g
r.I
bUll@EA
d *r
hideboud in
s s g
E!
EI
the
@dy blMucn!
or the
orc wirl
!r.k ch@cr
io
Ewads for
fi
is @gA.d in
citi6 ttrn
6 n
Ig
i5
wdd hsry
prsb
*in
non gbups srd dseialios for favon &d plEon ge, Tte
brRwatt
wtf@
stlrr$
slal
@r{'lcd
dF tclryradm wbich
inlEdt
bs be!
@rir
of
@sity,
bul
i! nhy
ei&""
o q o o u u E 6 o EI o o o s 6 q 6 o a
s o
-,*""*. N*
Yor'(
Al}t.@am,
1971
p.l3o
rd{doffi8o@
Srrd
<l{1s4,
e.,.t6. gaoo50a0n6sncrsoc
E}
o 5 e o 5 o
c
tia!
distd bdtd
Ei
In nmy
66
conplioa is simply
F e F p
lg tlt G
EI
IlE
fq rh. caj$oi,lion of
p q
lb*
tbe drcMs|,|G
!o
bsirels@
ba t! shift
his
polO"U"
n*t"tai* t .
by b{ibirg
oo" pte
@thfl,
is sr
p t: g
H g
FI IT
tr
h.rcy of
a peity
pa.tie
of byp&silg
cmhels.@ptDcdE
EilmF oEciats
@FDic go*r! hlw c@bd
wio@nomic clim.G in
E lill
tt
ds
Wilbd Badd, a
siat6 explais $al
slaG '"The
ndb.r
of the MN.hus.tts
6llmn viw-
kdl
ha huddd
ofoillid
rio
ofbads
.rl
al
buildines
ed
L\e
[email protected] of luppliB
!.pi6,
who n Eguracs ad
liclls
ihe posibiliries
ahour
the
@ft.6
d fd
imp.ofsty
b d.$rib.
ahE, ad
ht. LV
ioYffi.**'=uno
*0"*"
Nrbn.l Civt
Revk Md$
166
{Is*effi.ffir{
cotutN oswn conn tiN thswh
vtnch *,hich
Srd R{rra11t
3.r.h@
wp:*"t**H
political polilical d.cisid
E E B of kiNhip ElalioEhip, erlDjc atrriry. or eu oulrigh biib!,, ir is th. adninjslalion B 6l rxbich is rb tlgfloir of b&dl'm inf@uli6 dd qtictslt,!6 public policy in a
rhjls. rhjlg. boglq sefu cqrain 0Bt rFst of d&D e Mvi*rd rhlI Lgishlos i! ?srii$ do lFr play . cndcal ole in toticy n ling. Th.y @lL! thal if dy pE$@ is meded in $c foe
!Dt6.
OrF
daisiE'fu.
Administrrtive
g fnrdequrc,*
inn@t chlncldijriq in ercrt
adsinisEadrc sFtan, *nich
ftE @
c.nain
d e
d.rri@t l
@nnon
.x6iv.
cardiation ed i&lfici*y
@e of
fst@
ihd hs emfid
buil! in prop.nsily lo
ompt
mout
of se..cy is
d
d
iG
i!
bE!.u@rjc
s4cy
for.
il 6
ed
is
ca@t
m*
to
with @rfidoc.
cor6ge, ir
bs orhd iaptitiotu
pnich
Il* i
! 1ddtuy i!
s
fi.
govemnt
clNify
@nfiddtirt ed by Lw rc mmber
.x6
h.ve
of
the be
thn
ed sl.ru.
*.y
ilr.Est d
nob6
of de pubtic
cu
.sh/ <l{'b'.t.y
e.-,,o.o
Educd if
eoffi.nr clsily
sily,
suity
rclddt
infomadon
Cniraliation
adninisration, which
of
ha
decision-n*ing .ulhoiity
is @thd ap.ct of
di*aiot
@dintio!,
th.
bd
mong
bul ibc
p6ple. A cdrrir
hout
of .enFdization is
Mdrl
o g s o o l!, a &: e 0 o
EI E: EI
for efedive
agdi6 &d
d@stmcnls ien
i@inely
lo
io
hedquarteb. Such d policy not oily prod@s adninisratire .ongestion at lhe lop
of
t] fiit
i5
lhe
bimhv.
thft
bur
also leads
d ininicd !o cf|ctive
of decision mjdn8,
t7
adninistation. Dcbt!
f.!!c
dd
sine
mehd&e dd
ircsPodibrhtv
mons the om@rs. Thc bidga of @deFt ndine b.twm the naff .rd thc policv
trEkes at the headquanes Ends lle
o EI o o g g G o
re
od
lhis paalFis
fi it
foEd lo
of doings lhings
obw.don of
und.nak
s i!.6ing amdl
1h.n
of th' tqujsitc
deision-tulilg
Ar rhe
sm. tin.,
peitv
10
sulcryie
r l @et
dclSation
of a!|hontv which is
o FI o o g s o o a o n o o o o c 5 s 6 0
r|
H
ofi ffi
Srel Q{etrrrrtry
e.^.h..6
6
E g
E E E E
cmot tdc leCrliMt inritulional foms. Thb Mouls for th. comon sitution of
und.ldev.loped egim6
spFling
lo
.dhonr.i&
impotdt"*
n d n 6 E[ e
ls
th* oy i
o E e o
EI
l.I
EI EI
@@pl
ne&
ellrgde. ed
the abitiry to
MiPulat dla ed
This,
rcsulalio$ efficidtlv so
ti! c:
tt o b
&j
rh4 Lesl
howd,
is mt .ntiElv
@@i vcry
10
eute
of @ruPtion
IlF
d.mlge
public
g 6 o o o
IT
tn
bcl
orhd
and
qoei
rh! ircfnci.nr
be
dc
ml Llow ev
btrer-
In
cs
th dlemat
circDst&e mt apF! b
hamtul.'" n is [ged b litely io
b ihat
rdulls
may be equ.lly
.!o
d.fici.nt
p.rfo@e
svdlB
oM pmnorio! ed
to iDtrotc
nes, ib.r
drchd
Iopedlnorls of civiltrdotrt
f.c
*dich civiliz.
!M
s
l
he
x xdbcn H
W6din.
Oun6dy, eor uu\xvlrl Rob.d c B@ia !9!S/!a!Leq@!:gor!li.!', . Andd r He'd.nr*. (.d.1 Po||tc5l cotuot .. Rd"\G n compodbe an ly.s Ns Yqi4 rb't Rin.h.tl.nd wtulo. 1970
so.@ t
'Trt.
consu.lG .l cmotbd
No
EteL@'.
Poliuel
Srr
otuling
Q{.to.&y
e.-*o,o
hhd
md
e
.
to b.
wed fion
Ry *ould
10
@npl*itiB of civilizdion
is !rcj@t d in Oe sial,
ntL
o o r.l
if,
crcoked,
md this .rookednBs
til
eriviti6 of
IlI
$l gl
philoepbic.Iy
dist
d th
H.
lis:ls civilizarion
0 EI o
dong th. impondt f&tos. *lticn @de thc foudatio; of nMs ch@cts.
made a subrle
He
hs
dd
suggcslive
a
pllgl
lhal
tine
*o
d nnd il
ai6lo
do
noulaic
uo4$
dcw.ll.6
ir citi6 *'heE
floo
a
b.autitul sr.hre
bugling
woilne"
Ev.n
curery
becaB of
They @
boonine
l[.n !ftinrd.s
m.d
by which th.y
prcvi<le t!m
comonly dsi.rd eith a hidd siandad of livhg. They havc losl thcn
poponion md hale
10
sff
of
livc {irhin 6e
mes
avdhblc to
thd.
Forn-s
ofcoverunert
govcmenl cdt inly cd hav. a bding on co@Ption Demodrcv
highlight d in
The fom of
ed
dicbtoBhip
Sr/
<l{rrre211,
e.-.t r.
dellDinhg which o@ hs l6s prcptuiy of
conlroBy ihet
is hsdly
ey
sign of
der.ie chak
otr
rhe slar.,
FF pe$,
polidcal
tit
and tnu8
o
E
fr_t
6d
did.loEhip.
'ft@
N tnoe how.vei who 6Nidq thal dmocracy gircs a porcrtul in impet$ !o 6dp{d Ils loG od te$lrdlirg sduct!6, iG distribmio! of aurhoriry moog
vdjous ractioD!, all haw
o o tit o o
ed
tcn
slow
dd
cubmne
ini@n
e dor6ir.nl
n@ politicis cmol
sMcsfirlly fight
which
Iis
d)@ic
i5
c6
deled thlr
s6iou rltr
wd
s ellotr of.n&t
@mplion in
acquisitirc
re
dy
ik
nated fom,
in rhc wsr
lh.
sicly
m.ner of comotr xp
.ne
, wl8t worrj
is
justili.d dd !.opl
'alij*
d",
juds.d
@adtutiold
is no qu.stion
$.r d.moc@y
a
[Mo
Srr/ 9{as1.t1,
J.^*o*
lcl
E[
n o
@ eaily contani$rd w.ys of lif. bsm dGvioB sd d.c.it .rd tFehery bame
rh. @moD s@t-in tradc of
E
E
H
h omp@iively moE
snow rh!!
suily.
Bur th.
ces{llrud
srudy
of
poliricsl rysten
@ 6ily
a u I.!
lc E g
corupr,oG 1@ m@h
scuiry
ud*
dicrato$hips dso
l!@ lho
pEsid.
oE
n E n
virtuoE bul
bc..r
dd
dey
*kd.
thn
Snrcwd
a.uen
ro
ausndt
oM posd qd
n i tuD
rhe field
@p. h wry
ed
It is
q!,rt r
@ononic
$ uiva!.t.
Evdy daelopirg
obsne of
sullcr frcd
sci.ti6
.!tcd in qu.liry
in
i@m6, naLriat
ers!
&d living
standards. The
l:r,ss
of p.ople
*tiL . bim@Dic
oooocH
.sli/ q{ilu.t.y
e.^acb
T'SETMOEE&E{IGEIO
d ext@ly dmonslnbl. .fflkee.q
tfuy c*s
Itr
pd
capila ircone of tbe poor socielis l.ss that on hodredth of thal in the
o o b b $ o n n H p
iB
nE fa.! shich
di$t$ing
is the agonizing
awen6s of
r,\is poverty
doig
til til
the advdced
sicli.s
HI p e ni!
paiDnn
d.
"ddoNt*ion .F41" dd tis h.9 Foduc.d a widc tugc of aspiraliG ,nd qrc"tion., *hich e beyond itcn r@h, w*.giiNt poverty h ddeloping wdd
h6 becone
a
o e F! e 5 It
ui\ds.l
*to
nglg.d in
ql.cive
the
developDeol
today.
frons in thes
Pov.rry,
sictid. 'I}is d
l!.
bigagt chdldS,
t[!l
*dld fa
c o
I!!|
howe, ir not
islatcd ph.nonoon. lt
psychological
its
n
E
H
l'T
tub
in
nuerou $ciologic,
dd
institulional astEcr of
M*
E t-l
F)
inclEe i! prodetion of
povcry. MoE
goods
ed sryies
6
H
thd ey
1he
n*d.
a retomaliv.
crede to nirisate
Itl
ioequ,li1i6. talist@
h6
rfom
to
so
ged ih.y
b..oh.
su@
of addjtioDal
0 I'l u o |6t
('I
o 5 o
'cunnar D
Myrd.l 'AsjE. Oma'NdYor* 1972,p.105 Rotd G 'L@!!4.tol!!l1Jsl' in nl. Nd Ydi(
wen,
E
TF6; Nd:
23, 1977, p 31
Slil <l{d'.'rt.y
J.-
oo
g
i5
fte sebic
6nuols, which
do
rc
of
Fliti.d !d adnjnistrliv.
in
lh.
c c in
u E 5
E;
c n
litedurc, Mal-dislribution of
esoNs ed
sh.lld
til H
@atcd th
&bitary
of
Poffi
The cbrcnic
&mia i!
the
@mhy giv6
tbc
gpilmcnt pr.tal
lo adolt ,rbilr.ry
n.!sB, dd io
omretur
exc6sivcly
ellldia fi.
of
adninisaadle cuning
do@ 10
EI
doM od poveny
iit p
dploys
intlation nming
u EI 6 c o o
individurl ecotubicdlvi it
denonlEes hin,
al$ 4d low6
ides
lL Erio.tlizs nesilv
lts
vhile
makilg
s6ndt
of
comptor
in tb.
Ird's
il
ws
wrc conpt,
bur @rNption
M
rhei.
very
comon m ln cou.l
nafi, H. thoush
'ln6t
of dE Elders
ed oth.t
coun slajf cF re
drcs)nd6
which
daic
ene @
bold
dd diel in
rzffic ofl.@
lishr
fincd
md
lin
4d . lidl
ro thc
he had b.n
rm ruF6.
th
n&
pod th.
amut
Fldq
*h.l
I1
c{14 eid
IM
plid
mths
two rup4t. In
olls
dor
su$@tible to
e.6.^.r. n060bmooomotHo o o 6 o g
oo the
hiClo ohdoro of
adDilislrldve
hi.@hi*. Th.
t!&i
Lti 61
fd th.ir @@Fior b
nol
powd, bnl lh
low.'@
o o o
F] IT EI E!
EI
GI
6'
eeuc6 be@e
opportuitics of @ploymot
hls beo
3
ir th.
sror @
so
there
@jd
thnBl toeards
in rhe ovq-Fo<lucdon
of eduic voug
liJ
n.n
lhis
str m sffhing
aen,
goYelm.dl abe$s
nl
ths
such s the
imPldoiliion
ir nilst5 d
esialmB.
These
oout
of efeSusds
dd @ur.r-itupeli@
ch.d(
it
McMuIsa hd prcFurdd
pnMy eNB
of mdpiion in
dercloPing
@i.tv
is thc &ute
mo8 of
of
rh.n
ntb6.
In hb opiriotr it
goveme dd
bae
foEign
wi{r aloost
@mplcrelv expccltd to
cd.tbi B Monbi6, 'Th. DiM.ion '' John c.@!tion, N4 York, 1970. pol225 PoririEl
ECEAOd00uuo
St"l <ll"t-ary
3.r*@
F
EI
r.plic.t
iUilenle
nt
public otficials
ed
&l iE
cilim e
3t
cmspurlrsd;
F a
@mprioo
Ms
on rheir
oisunddtddb&
dcfc.*l* iUite6l
public b.concs
o 6 g u o !t!
B
exrtiely
is
wliddL
cqually
c'g d
ilitente
citia dc
fo. lhc
o e g g
tg
ool
tli
pos$6
n
6oueh non y to
comp@t hinslJ
l&k
EI
of tnowldg. &d
tows. \vha
cMot
tit ril
rn
s EI o E
E
bl
H
Golip! Atrd RunouN
lr is difficulr in Palisa !o tlct
bt
GI
FI
mi.c
wirh
qetld
ihe ext nt of
@nptoi,
if O.y
6 s
E
EI
arist
omcials
wa
!d
Depotis. TIE
dlh
ofau this
G that
eosips ald
Mo6
thai
bc
s o
p
& L.l
b@oEe
b.liaB
itl eodlcltion,
political
vigils
eroups
o o t'J o G o E o o o
All
$6. m.sGs,
shcvq
pov6 livs
on
gnff
sd
'"'
McMullEn.
:4l!!9q3!9r4B44l in tF
.slid q{.ba.t.y
600!33
Mos
aboln comprion
6 n g u
G
J.-rotc ffi5emffieto{ffioE[6 g o g
ed faling
rhar
.v.rybody in powd is
tltt
tg
oNpl, olwys ha
@ds b{Els
bdoncs
a
a very uhealthy
flat
on
a g
EI
6 6 s |l! d g e o E n c g
!*
s e
Moa &d
ous
h6
itself
$re
of @mpdon. An alerag.
citih
n
t3
p
tgl
h liliglrion hltptr
dd
E!
.g
et
E
tll
uu
6 g tlt d o 6 s o o o n q o o
s G
t g
Io ev*y sociely
d.rc dc
ir
spr.ad'ng
lmos of
njFdiis ond
s4drb
of @duption for
t!es.
s, tlr
s@dd
n c o e ra!
t31
!n
polirici$
in evdy
ddocdric syslen.
o
EI
E E
Civmdt
c
o o @ g o ti} p
tll
ra1
tibu$b
io rry
wide publicrty lo dF
o @ o
ItJ
finding! ro
life.
t c
eft
ltetu.
IGptiv of
rhe
@!$qu.Irc
@ic
not @rduciv to
i!
Ilu
o s o c GI
S|'J <l{dr.'...y
e.^.a.N
Colontul Lgacy
e e o o s u n d g
b bli.v. thar Aoong ccmin ci&lca lhee is d rcn&rcy to beli.v. 1h.r th. olonial
ldnidsrlrion
rc
'!
rh.
o 0 p
L'J
a
t!,1
s s 6 s o 6
tlr
fiit
tsrd
6opoy
in th. Fd Eas,
Indi. coDpny
in
of iNtiiudo&lizd
6 6 5 o 4
H
GI
*4
notorio6
fd
Ihen
E g
apsiry.
Th
swors of de @npdy
us.d to @Dc
!t
u ely
agc at low
saldie4 bui
'IXis helped
comcM
lh.m to
living
aJ:s
gtcal
fonlm
tbrcugh
ts g
itioN, food,
had a
lrd dvire!|lMt
(J
*.c
nol
co
tb.
o o o o
eiployed
d6iE
retift
aly
ihat h.
@!ld
o o tal 6 6 o o o G n 0 n 6 o o c 6
|lt |lt
fon GoMo.
@npany
my, ed
6
Itt
s@ bsy
qil pofilt
d g
ir
a 6 g
6 E
htutory
of @mFi@.
8"""t"gf,
"t"doodoffi
*ffinffi offi
.st.l q{,.|*...y
e.-*4.
! da licirc
inpc.lndr
Esn
of
wen
Hosilg, pmvide
Cd!.!y
whd
lb Creu
t!rcug!
I l.borio6 ptoess, puiftcd thc rlblic t ryic.s d ih. hig!..16t1, .nd sid off6
ttr 3ukooriM!
lbc Brilith
govdno
FF w
tuh
hontEd.
anitub of0E
eg.ding .omptioo
ss !.tretd ubiv.l@l
lw spdody caEful .nd hond .bout goEo|Mbl b@y' but w.E rnbd ld io rh. s of @!I.v.il.blc i! 0F privdc stor' 'ftcy *.tPt d gifi! @u!d Chrturds iim h thc fod of AuiE, flovs, r!.1tqlcls. ll s. cotoiio'! prrlic wirt rhe ddvc sistod&y to invia higb offi6 fd L@li!8 $ticl E e cxp4liE sftir.r6whiL d iou !d @ping in lb. id.rid of tt cout y, llcv qptd lt
Tlry
food,
wirc.nd d.nin6
sdd
b. pFvik<l tt,lhco
U$ orp6d, d odalid B
rloclic lddts
to
wuld
@t
M.tw6 it
th.
ml Ullcon'lm
pi.tie
om6 b collcct id
.td
of 0Fi.
Srit
t@ lrliB *hon
b.ni.rdcd duing
f.t!rcI
$ LdL Neir, :elcrEtXiEllrLlq&d'wt @l Gdiwt P@. 1974, 0 95 '6M M.!h@tu^ :I!qroiEi[looa]!&led-qEr!@',. flrtA R.portd vol lv p126. 'd R. rl, |rlEy.@h!*r8all8dbiE dlfhE, vol.lv
'e
mo6cEoonoono
ro$
Slrd Q{rtrrary
e.-,/'|6
nn00mo06omtrHoogl
o
of thir domainr dlring thc last f.w dorths of th.ir
a d.vicc to gct
c E
!i!
ihat this w6
MoFover
il
Itl o tll
g
it
las
e vdy
littlc rnhdon
ig
paid to thc
slaftLd of cthicd
tq
.!d
this
FrFtll.d
c G
g o
EI
GI
vA n .ion
dli.r,
is 3till
coG ot@dption in
G
et tg
E E
rlle developing
e o g
s g
qfocmmt
hribed rb.
Ftty offlc6
shon
circmwnt
the lss.r6
iNirumnt of @@nic dploi|lioa n
of
g o e o o o
l.
has
@lotri.lis
mr
ddly e
lei
a lee&y of adninjstntiE
blllluntic
o o s g o o
behrvior,
s E
E
6 g o
o o o
E E
. nininm
of 8!id&t6,
legisldoB
c Il'
Nislrnce"
u s1{Evbion t@
go!!M4r Mby
6 o tr 6
tr
w
roo
igrcFl ofthcn
Elpotuibilities, ot
c)dcal
d.voc mEh iinc to d.cidirS mjor policy 'ftus, th. bldSets &d
wiou
u q g o g o
1961,
Str/
<ll'dr.'.&y
ffi
l@
adopa.d in
e.-.h.8 NecnooEemEssgffi o p
tlj
r nrbd cusy ftsti@ s pltsl.d
by
oiha
id
ft.
of lgirLtid
$.
lo
s
itJ itJ
o
tll
IgI
@utry my b.Efit
ocsio&Iy
wie
l!,i
lil
in!.eilrid
of ih.
of
Pltlre
bd
s ilt
I9;
by
em
sior civjlswets rd
for rhc
rhe
go\tld-g.@Dt
IlI
nu.h
6is
be
go@r -l
i. ,rsld
of
Deaw
gmup!
u g
ta!
$d n mdd
*hic!
fd
pl!s!
tq
s g
E
tjr
On
lh* $d.
for lh.
govdo.llt
ro
talc l'asG Equiritrg Nid.spF.d a.tjE Ebtic slppoi for rhen .ll@tir
implmbdon. A srdg dd Epr.s.ni.tir cabnd a.d ljd.re
coutd
eiw
rhe
civil
wje.
po8'@,
dcgr of
this rype of
$ppon lblr
d
is
c!@r In &v.lolrmn
pcitire slppon
udd
sbong
p6s lbn
06r
a peri.old
q &!n
lhe
l&&uing cLs.!,
de
ildufi.tilc, d
pB@
grcupq
$de
the
pBN
e c o E o o g $ u o o o o o EI o o o s o
F'
sruie my
alcmpr io eEy
. hlrta! enicl
sloutd be sh&!d by
tls
S/
<4"b.'.1.y
3.^*@
iI
Pbli$a!
b
no
o Iil 6 6t
E
Thft
re
Frty
s EI It
r.1
fr
ilj
rii
no stong and
uit
d political
gbup slrivDg
dieloe
ihe
fr
als
be
IrE
abse
clsifid s m
their
E
o{ the
bI
F:
pobltu
rI
ig g
lU
EI
ls
jucifcaion - pla..d
in
rh
bl@
on
b.rdmls
atrtd
6nd
lercl.
Th.c
s 6t
tcl
siFgoai.
be
lol goltItllMr
eatud6
poviding
g
o nI o o
deLglted to lne
8t
l@31l*l
politicid
not o.ly to
thir
i.rr
in poliris bul lo
!ssM. . n1.as
om decisioB.
rhe
Sira Fmnsior
s.ru!
ld.l
o IJ c o
n
sl ItJ
tg
politici@ is @@Mspd
iN3Fsiblc.
It
Ab!rc of Corstrucaive Criticism.
'IrE fail@ ofihe legislaiiw bFeh io
lg
q
pl
ovwe FoFny
the
EI E!
ItJ
bturh ha beo
deeaibn
one of th.3lDn@mings of
th. Pa*i4an
Gov@t
The
I'l
io a.l
a a dilic. Th.
&!
|l1
E
E
eq
$IPPEsscs,
d .@r, sust
rl o
E
Sl.l <l{it!-...y
ffil1leffil68rel
ts
e.-.a...
o c
g
g
tlt
Fl
rr
wirh ourion.
HowE,
oIfuiE dros
sldm
-o
rhe
's
ld.
Th.
lault
mFffcial
H * g
Ftss
oFnlioN.
on
A
sm sspcr of ,lm sac! or
*lD *tD
by a c.s.P. otrer CS.P. offier
f;f $
H
a P.Iitu *,a"+ ror Md., v,tD vish6lo i,n& a Fopq r"ri'r,,l *ud.tr( rd qmpL. rlro qshcs ro srit Fpq
s
I !i!
E lt P |lJ F EI
go\ment eo'menr
administ"liod aamioistatlo. @y be
qu$t pDja6. patfld) mw.r o mE prt.*,ll **., thB ** qlFrncd qust oa. Md wnhshrle Gesh pqa6. M6r wllhshile .\ $ n. ms go f& beyond mc' so
Lhis
E $ fr
Lhb
mid.nbob
of d.bils.
a!
sn s
rnd rte
ui. to.c aaor.t tbe altiude ol rh. civil b@m6 .I!.rn( r* aniude of
d 6 o
rte studd * * * ini.wi* bas cm. ro drd wiil *r*, fnds Oat tb. t*N bls cm b e dld wilh m pmis. of &y imhd frmhd opportuity lo p6e tbe s!bj*! Iis is nor mcely a @ of & ovd busy civil ser ttf 'g
ta
fi g g
E!
E
E
E $ S
6
g
omcers wrt time. The nlddl My Ush ,i-.. n".n'A*r *v wish @ prpd a iob dDtrsk oia gltrup ordEk3 or hel a wrt ofa sup simplfiedon or* .dbffic ptr du pcp6E r orrprizltion ch.n. *d**u- .bfi of gre cubersn. pro..de or pep6c a cl@ ollpdzdion chd. "* prodlcl ! kll-Fdftd sl@ bc qtul to lhc He @y b. a *ll'Fd*d itrdividu.l *tD6c flEl produ.t @dd b. ufrn !o lhc ceffiDr bur hc cmr sd dE o*sry coorq.ri@
nor wishbg rcr wishbe @
prcFcls @le his rirc l?hoy Kmh prcFcrs Equir hi, lift
very lide
or
E omcers
fr
a
P P
E!
Bn$h
E E
E
Ei
6E
I
any c'vir s.d- hoRwr. surd be 61108 in $. r.4 or .i."I- ""d 'r-*.s9
rr*rr"t *"*"*nonoffignuodt*"tt"E
e.-*o'.
nd6, Tbe
offcid
srts
rclh6 ofsuity
ycricLd
p c lq s E
rI
qm forwd wirh ey wsfEtiw @t)rlMl dcpr qtrd lh.n ou bNi|4 b thur.i.d by d iEFd or orha
BuilEffi
u g
l3
lr..
go\rmd!
Uey
of lhc n@y
wts i! vjricl
rh.n
hsil]g @ d.?a&Dt d
a il! p
Tg
E!
Afghd W.r
w.
10
a g
Sbug8tj,g to orba
s
E EI E g
H
coutis
cl|lrwy, .,
wI 4 the
be!
on rtE
EI
a
!t
6:
alrE e e*.los
r!d.
in
with 6injn
lhc
tu
is
dd $ b
6y
u G o rJ! o EI o o o s u o o o o 6
lal
ro
dr.let. Th.rc
no
ned h.rc lo @odt rh. eff{r of h@in addicdon on I@ did [email protected]. WtDr
of
it.
$.i.ty. M6y
of thc top
b8in suD
iiad6 with
ou(
@oprior ThN
sill
no1
a chicf of
eive hi,
police woit,
ndinh
Pakisr.n. Tho
oti&t Ser.ts
Str/ <l{d!.'.r.y
g.-.h...
o o s p
Ilj
His
is only desised
rojulify
his
rmidne
io oftjce.
Thu
EFFECTS OF CORRUPTION
tn Jwaice
Cdtuprio.
a
!t fr p
ad
t.ads
9!
blu $M
ofjusdce,
lhe
dhis
neht
of
hw& @Mi@c
Iijde.
ay
disdDdion
b.t*fu i,
c ri!
pj
E: E}
fl
&d wMg. Ii
brcds a
dd de
infldtial.
!M.nl
diedvurrg. in
F:
ItJ
*Ery, ed
mong lhc
cMade in
D.rptua14 inequaliiiB,
rtrich slE d
dische[!. ed sti@nor
djblie
fiom $e
rhe
@e'
Lhe
8l S fi d I E S $
nrir
systen
wE
rr"tr"*
lnjusttce
and
p@pl ro
s.e
of
siar od
.-*.i."1 ;*u*.
in $ci.ty
asua
i'jlrrie
*eeEt foms. rn
is
e o o a c o a o o g p EI o l!; o p
til
ra!
c g
Ig
in a position to buy
l'\n
rhbugh
ffi
tgl
I n
6
socisl comecions
c r.l
g
F
G
r9r
.sll/
<l{ir'...r.y
o
IneflicieNy
Bdbs ac
t!! FI
to citho delay or e"\FdiL
a dcision
a EI
edrslly Sivq
rhd
bribr
borh
E
ts
could h. pui at
&
h.E
ro d.viar.
6 n
G
E:
s nt
tg
Sovemdt.
One
list
@uil.s ces
iefficifty,
6m4,tior
l.
ti6ss
a como omcial
my gtur
sh
0,e
lic.Ns
to
r|
E
tg
ind6fy
in *:hich !e
Ff()lr]l.re
is spe{t
boud b
be very
de$.inr
Some
emDtoi
u c a u o
l'J
E g
b. tru. in 8ov.l]rlfut
$h.
iodividuat
c*,
bc
onFio. ad
oD
siery .nd
$deE
lti
woutd
gaElty
c
B}
sidi6
on
lll.
Ee(u6 @
dcvetopd
ir
the
mton 6 d whole
conption
o E o o o
b.
bad, but in
couLiB eheE
ce
o
o td
&l
Comrption
il
rhe
blu!!|lmy. It
is a
dyi! thd
isl.tcd
.omptioi
cs6
rim6
of
onpr ulNcrioc.
dE
C.rhinly tom
tc
poinr of
viry
of thc @mpr
tim it js .t
E
6!
l3r
0 e o m
.lficiatlo glte
ttrtn ofrh.
FN!
e 6 6
enneotroffitrna|ctoa u o ,F) 6 morar dd ill.gal &doa rholen .fficidr pie. in fic wi.t . jieew puzzte p
of
b@uchtic @nfeulrion. IrE bnb. of
tbe
J. *o-
o o g EI 6 s o s a o
ts cl
bsitB
los b
It]
6m Edue
rhe
etrcidcy of
rhe
govelmot
sd
ration t
o tll i! o o I.I
F)
fim is
tstrcd,
the
Ilt.
cost of tne
comotliry in qucador
is
atwys ir
Mistrust
All gov.ments, iftsFctile of then fom in lne lsn an lFis rc$
on
o o o s o
!!
th.
rul
ilt
of Oc
nBq.
r[.
gorctM@t D@D6
n ked
t1fuy. Comtlion
s a
i.t
Sniy
of
jutie. ,ftis
o o
am
srrclgst govtunl.
Ehich
ndFs cs
panial{ly v.ry
ruinous in
ki.ries,
psinS
a
sEly
B @ugff up in
b..aw
the
eisiore
tbe
rtich
is againsl lhc
si.ty
oily wirh
the
ndinm
of ra.r ond conFtcne o! rhc pan of ruling elite,s, The public ihage oI
tE
1his
rhcn Epurarion is
lljncd,
rd
!h.y
re l!|sdputolr
rh. tqu6lioDbly
ggfl OOgOmffi
Shl q{ir..'.t.y
e.6.tc6
*,io
Pahslan Fovidq
dpl vi&n
nd to beone
rhai
this [app6s!
q
Gi
@es re,
they
rcb.liou.
6!
tt
dE
rgib6
!opi6
Eqer ald
cofid@c.
F: E:
Itl
.hes.
til
ET
h powr. It is th.
orpubtac
inage of
is
h $e fourd,riq-@r
rd$. Ii
ed
ce
pbduce wid.spqd
r!]
n g EI g
&l
h6ss ed
wifie
sd ,ar.ioriq.
E
t.l
tg t|t i5 ril
Th@ is
laws
gmdl complaint eong forcign obsercb that tn. enforc@cnl of vdy deficiqt. B.q& of widesp@d dd.lop,@r !reg@s, r@ hs ba
a
c o
e.i
beeild.ring
in@e
in
tas,
b iDptd.nl
rhs
las
sulIeB
ton
*nou slru.lunl [email protected]. pmed@ of inplenenrarior e ehaic and ourrbtcd. and d swh la* c@or be iDpledeDred cfrstively, Whcn @mlrion is
ajded to
G
E,i
6 g o o
this leal
n.$
E!
d4g@us
G ns
balf_hearted
tt
unjie<t Evedks of
o d
E
E
['
6:
tg
potul&
Ii b
m(r
@@plion
fiid
lh.hsel!6 hetpl.s
uiv@t in
rerd@cy to
rDL
rhc
*hd
rh taw
k b.,rg
t.nqred. ft at thjs
Sr"r QI.t*.&y
3.-ao6
suFrb
'n
conlnl
dd @ cntir.ly
implehaEd.
We!a.g. of Resources
C.mption in goveme mlrs
oilicials ro eEich
lobbyisrs tdr lh.
EI
rl t!! 0 F e
&:
rh@*tv6
ai
&.
rBury, rotftids
hav
i.&c bribs
fioh
ed
hinder the
psage of
wuld
8@frlad hoE
wdus
Td
olt*lo6
c c p Gi c
EI
rn
atEady
rlativ4 of
r iri'd Er6, which lradfcu il.gally ldg. pubtic turds ro rtE pockct
of
pnva6 conhacios.
Faonolnic Utrdrd.vetopnetrr
If a s@idy
gls a
be
d.
fel
dq Dc@ug
do m incalculable
h.n
is nor
only
ooomngoEtmoaoooa
Srel 9lars66,
e.-.h..o
bur
a
oD rtE anirude of
$.
foreien inlqnoB
*lD ce
play
g o
E[
GI
don wilhin U
@@Fiotl n wjth,
irdutge in compt
Ibe
E'
ll1
rht
sllrntering
.fler
on th.
tud
coulry. Sc&dals dsiated eith muttoadonal orpor.rions io thc dweloping erions Bve opoed a Gv chlpla in the hsro.y of @mprio!_ .ft. mrion
rhal moncy
E;
tit tit
iB
oler.d
js
thrcugh
u FI o
6t
ml
Political
ucrlai
6db
Aob
one wourd
day
jzlior
!c.d
tuEis.
Ilc co ehpoEry hillory of rhe DdSirg urions sves cr@ evidence llhat i4idde in bqy I*g hls b.en a sole of fincn@rariolr
ru16.
.@$ioE,
!d
disintcgation. Tn E
h.w
been
Dlrdeous civit
l@,
mihory
coups, p,olonged
sret
&d
ombd
sEif., All
rh*
f@roB
mste
d.
potiliB of
iatiturioN
lhe sidis cxtr nely murt, usiabt., ed 6.tus!d. Th like lotiti.al panics , prcs. groqs dd rraae u,ou which dhor
{4pioB
by dEir
sl,$ne. Mo@va,
|h
Su.l Qlerrfu&y
e.-*.tu
politi.id
fall prcy lo rempt lions
p6!
bur
i!
si.ri6 ir
d.sfircriv.
EI
61
pepqsitig
|',
i!
nal p@ries, which @oplerly sbalGl peoplet failh strleh. Vobs ad polilic.l loy.ld$
bidtler, rnd thh
i!
l' lltl p
o o |l!
bt
iE
frEely asrjoncd
of
pok
tn. @EEy rrdr ro drin bMrd5 inrigrcs.nrl coDri@i6, It is itr a clinai. ot this kind tlnl mihary coups ofio harchcd.
ri.
individual
lt is onn sid
iJ compr
rha
@m ior
feed on
ir$lf
ed
An av6ge
ito triy
siould he be hoD.st,
adDnly
in th slare.
wler lll.
rov@e
,s
shadft<l rh.
sist
@drcq ed
efoft
which
nodaly
ed sy@plecy.
EH 8H EH Hg #s
H$ Hg
o o s g a o 6 o g 6 6 6 o @ o EI 6 o c o
G E Il[
oo60mmorm6[00oo
s o
o o |lt
!t ilt
o o
fri
tJl
:il
tal
fi E i,
&t
ir, g
s EI o s 0
6 o o
rd
rtocroocHour&$EmomoE[s06nouooffi
o600pu0{n#
Strl <4rrrrlry
J.*to-
Ensnrnf,oooEnoopF
o 0
Chrptr l0:
Few iliDes in
!!,l
E
$
widcl,
o
E
H
e: I!}
so
tl tit
a
ti:
inv6ti8ared
iol
$o
ro be &r$,h@
n*. fi.
solution of rhis
debates,
dieBsions md
ard
eeh
for
coeprio.
emis
is vry
on. of
isolulle .idds
l!&ns
od,s fail@
to find
afllicrio4 which
a
lrlj
L.i
e a
E!
hghd b
rhe
Mgs rebrls of
very
Ih
sEiy, dd o*n
p p g E o o o 6! 6
i5
Efo@ative
and
coedc
liniled. ln nqy
c.g sa&s.
efomcE
do
$,
finding rocdie
6i*d
aeainsr irs
sicr, ar a *,tro,c s [email protected]_ Any voic. by rhe folow of {E csbbrirhed nom' .i}. esulr is
schol6rs about the
oBeuu hoag
nees by
which
ro
6mp$on @ be coniaired wirhj, &@g@Ue tihirs, ,rhcy h.v. nol ben auc d4tuin *hern.r no6t redinld in si.ty
p&etul 6ees lite cducadon md
is
p4usion. Aaoidirg
rhe body
NIa.nivavli if @@Dtion
bur
lor widspred
rbe
ruh
legislaton, hc
FiD6
b..FatiE
dre
onty if
ir. rEM!
s,ho idriar.s
lE
suficienr
Fople. wti.L
The
@or
Efomer cmot
due ro e@s,on in
6HUU0gseloffi Io6ri[o
q6dsn6m6000rao
is dnuded of civic r*potrsibiliiy,ro3
.sr,/ qld-..r.y
e.6.t'.*
of,Of,OOOOOOOffi Ero
Mdchihvelti eys rhat agaiosl compr lsadeB for.e
'3
th orny
Iflh.
o u o g o o I.1
F
ledd
vinue
ll.
body polilic
kutd
ed comon g@4
u n e ta! o u
&
ti,
Prblic Complain(3
It is poiDiert our rhlr o@
uy
of cuoire v.natny ia
gov.@nr
is
to.n@uEg.
Fopr. ro todg. conplainrs againn @@F oficiats. .Ite !.sk is difficulr beoaB in authoritarie socielies, s bosr of the ddetopile
scld,s
ft,
popl
psycbologicrlty
i,libircd
j!
@npl.ini4
dd llei. t&k of
oMurs agre
buqudatic on
eduar'or &d
insi.udr n
kepjng
oleditlde.
hs Foljsiotu by
wttcn a
agaiBt
hmbd
}.
Fdtion bfore
ey
laborioB ed dme
@6win8.
It wa mrlioned
.slid
re doog
rde
Naly
rulcs
every Gporr on
th
@mptior i,
rhe dcvelopjlg
ad
@n
ro
bnb.ry This
Oe way
trrusall
ooo0n60Hnonogoomoooo0n000060Eff OOn
onoffiffiooodd8Er
St"l Q{.rr*.ry
3.-ao6
ofactdr g torh of thc had of rhe a@cy, h!rc rh. sam r.ttiu, rhc sc Ed tape, dd the me E
iiom rhe top of tbe
***T
Melhods ofwolk froE the lev.l
plrdid
10 irs
ve'y
be.
ad
wo,'U
"r"
0",".",.
g
S S
ro itrfo,nwioD,
io Mintainine rhe noral hesllh offi pubtic eMes. pspl circMreor thcs mles by H Molcy" sdich hs b@De fte aos16@on fom of @mpliotr. Th6forc "sFcd it S h e indislulablc fad ord*.topmenr adnintuuarion rBr Mthour strsmlinins ihe rures ii Et ed pmedrm, ef6ci@cy od nonl @rjtude in gov.tu
erlainty nol hctpfut
""",*,:;;'j,il:rl
q
be
rcd*.d
161 |!c \Fed money wh,ch is bcing paid our otsb*r IEcKry qU not be
Bayles
"*,0."0,.. o,
fr rhtE. S
&l
Mming
is
ofth. opinion
lhar
whr $e
lam.nd
fi$rl conrmt. E
Lhc
$oih H syqce sp@d of @mp.!iliv. bdrtilg, ilcrw d pubhc cdue""^ *.n ., * I "", Mrooy fld oil.r blsic shito in thc mdo,.t politica orsdid h.ve Edeed blarad E sp{ularion offeddat tundr.tnost !o trE qishins point. By now the sovdmeollt I @rd ,s muh b.ller rha 6a of pnvak buh6 @pin8 wirh fie Drobth of dishorsr E cmplo)crd In rcromms adninisFauk pmccdffi one n .{rs ro.xqcis sp(Dr * I
vinuat elimmoon ot
dd.lopm.nr or prcfesqionat
@.""*,
I 606roooooofdbffioouEo8
sut
s
tm cultK -* Lc.bJuqB. {I|us our *,* bodid **q4. {t|lls ed raiaiDg srareB6 de Dol inpond wiLioul faMs srrareB6 Dor wiLiour 5
wp
nmnEoon@noEHoooH
EI
e.-,t"-
'hrcusid,ru@n. E (onp,ion ntuy @veropins eci.r,es oe.d oruidsabr. nr o.""*" *"N '" $| E .r'."s* m adhinbrarv pst6. whjcr $y have inreri*d 6om oe/ iome, j$ $ [! -r""i"r "*'r*. For rnsr,!e. m non Brirish @roi.s rhe pr$ce % $ar d,orid H $ ."* ** *.rr.*d &on one disrici ro dotber vdy Ee4wntly. The lfuiam g Ej
g g
'm
Bd1o
be
f@ r,o
ro rhEe
y6
ard
rhis pnctice
lE
E $ $
H
E F g E ff
$ 6
E '"'o
rho H dy dins el"e. he des nor eet enoush nme !o gause rhc comption mong hic E *ua'*res -a *o he rodr em. cas h. *tdom ha |.h dn. b pGu Lhd E "h.tr *tt *m"-' a.t"-i*rjon tr edd b. a h.alrhy cb,nge. if smor oflieE $ay in El -"" t"*. rotrs enoush ,o tone up lle rocd r..,**, 0.,*,,"-, .o E
nrds him*rr in b@r
"f he is u-ur.n d dd
duuc ar omer
@nd,tioa fr
mo*
ditl*nr @[email protected]
Bur
sntiar H u'.,"""r'"d,*,.,,." enjored b) om*s in ,netr d., ro day decison.nar ing :boutd I be n.R R m doubr $!r qresriotr oradmisrar,w disr.rion 6. rry 'ldued 'ne H rkkli,h one sone kind of discErionary ,u6onq is a veD rmpomr inetdiffr of H adn^,uiroL bu d cxcsive @M or n in |ne dev.ropins $ofti$ b "mci*,
"b6N.^
hhc {crkd $a,
!o
vtur
Ed(e comprjon
,n a
ecdy. r
a".*,.t
r. ronory
-d
,s
n.ed.d
e'lajn prceduc
.E*ffi 6 6A
cm4on Ns ydr
1970
ts310
H g o s
El
nnocoomoaaooona&nondonasooofi oonrlospouooS
SriJ q{d'.'.r.y
e.r.t4.
which
c c o
6
g o o o e 6 o 6 n 6 ct e o 6
o g
bt ehich bou<l{ia @
give
be
Muld
&
orficial
doud
lcvcdge
abw
his
o EI o til o
sl
obsa6 age
that @mrpliotr in a
si.ty
will ondr@ b
inctle ule$
u p u t-t
6l Irl
tit
I
p o n p o
FI
dti{omprion
las Plldus
cynicis do.g
tlc
p.oplc,
and
b)
ril
rhey
disiss il
as a
rdpel
oong
ostent
hiSt'er omcial,
ed poliricis, ilcludiDS
and rh
legislab,
ed hinjstes.
rhe
Ihe
snion d,,r
@npr @
!o hoe far
beine
dcalt Mrh
Oey
deslc olty FD
10
o 6t e 6 o o s o o q o o
aI this
Fodc r.d to by
cynicat qbour !h
min<t lhar
neithr tie
de
is orc ofrb
!uo!86r
d.f@
aslinsl @mp{io!.
CoutLs r@be6
h.E lala
"'
Gunnaf
MydaLE!.1:la|l!!sgst\ry@f!!9qj op cr
6lfisuo{aEHi)
0nEn6neo6AHOcHIOOq
|cJ
e.6.r.E
The
n@ thd a polilical
Ayi Kewi Amo, a Chdie novelisr eid about hb @uFy's efTons !o irvstigarc omlpliod
allo*rd
rhat, "rbey
v@
no b.ttc! rbla a
rhal
tlr tuIy
h.il
An omccr of dc SFciat
lolie Esr.blbhhdr
c&s of comption
only 2% wee .dDinisr?tion
s r:
U p
|lt
t?l
ti o H e o
o ri s u n r'd
E! EI
efdcd b
I!
onc
iufu Aon
potiricE lhe
bing p@ished is
ad
lilist grcup,
dd rrFuei
a pow.tu]
ndw*
ofconract tncy
ons
esc.pe
puishmenl.
h&
@ncluded
c
E
L'J
a e p
EI
@mFtioa is to itrflict
qdplary
o a
wltd
act
a a
ealubnoE effar on
d.
lifc
I. is egled rhat in
wodd tull
oI
ope,
lle parhMy
ro Doral
bu husr al$ know fuly rhc pen lris nlaitcd by n. The probleo closely @decred
"'
Ayi
xerei Arna,
.1!9r@!@LeE!!e
jgl4Bse
E E
EI
mrrrc.rraffr
Std aud'.r.&r
e.at r. o[tttomnDolon o6
w
with thc rfoEd@r of
o u
0 o o
las
cmtly
ces
of
odplion d
d.ficidt.
otutturiorrlly wqt or
adninGlariv.ly
aoy c:s
too
E
t-!
o o o o
LtI
con6 difrcuh
to st blish tn
E6
ca6 of comption
dos
dieto.!.
FM! belong5 ad he oit . u$ his [email protected] surhdiry @i to do so. trg.l pddws of rhi! thd di@Mg. for & inv.nigalory body, od a {r8e
may be
lwhed
adminishation all
ob*d4 Baae
@Dpldr of ir!
of
i.t@r
iDdcq@y.
l. 2.
$.
si.ry,
lbe deporftldl
dcpel,not t ndr b
be
To l@ve de job of
oiitly
viw
10 a singl
swpirg
rrEdial
droqr4tron aAtuy
of
is lik
of dae
circMst.lB oE
@duplon
t\. @jor
fift
a deEtopiq
wiery Eun
tlL ,gaN
s io 6rallisr
lffi:nxm;+mm*'"ffimro*il
nEEObffiflO
msnmmE*En
pows hut ml F)w nw mr
@ be
.sh/ <4"1*.1.t
***H gfl
e.-*0.6
dd cttaint., n lhould b. $ould
ourside rhc
min pol'e 6eblishlMr tud lhrcugh pmFt sfcsu.d: n sbuld bc eeslherud ,gdrs1 bw&dic p66 lDd politi.it i!fluie. ft. offi6 lo*ire in thi5 deprtDe musi h,E .l:s ro !I sllc of iifomario ad rh. ,Euiry slould b. re nqD p@dturEl lnich rcp bl@t( r[. wy of mr ilv.sigarioro. such e n 'mrdim@B
inpajtul mpdrd
by e$ncroB estdclioB
E E B S
b:
hislory E ol @mpron in U. @uEy duing rhe p.sr *vEt decadB Fovides cl@ evidoe $d Iq p.riodc @nnisio6 ot jr4ulD slD do M se &y cusrv. purcGe ,gaid E @dPli@. Tb tuhy olsub @miss,oB i! nlds [email protected] b@s !h ofttu $is frl @t thc EFns of such o@isioB e Dad. pubtic, for tii. thn rFy mdd dba!6 rhe
investisatdy body @uld b etr crirc
ifit
is
pemal.lr ed
noi an ad
ho o@. Ihe
for
nto@
b
deline cledly,
b cub
what is
co@rtion is
dd
publicisc. whai
66iderd
compuon
6d
mt in d. uldnd.jig or public
w&fs
*nic.
duti6.
No srch tbjng
ha bcd
done
erhi6 of
rfolmg
dd
o
Oc plbtic sPice in
llE
political capscny, ro do
ro
$.
Nowad.ys, none of
rleh
is ojsling. Oovtunls
ulili$ 6 blMlcr&y
rewdd
sMg
uc p@n@ of
rlt
tow
dplorudl
onffffino6igf
Egf,nollltncnffifiooo o o 0 o stor har bc@ patdy c@psated for by ov6136ng in lhe public stor (thft e o 6 o 400 000 fed.ral civil wds), *nich cBte s sfdy vdre for ! d.p.ssd @l@, o o Aty altmpt a1 Gfofring lne buMuc@y ro inclEe its frcidcy h likely to o
encoutei sislance s4rccy
St,l
<U.drr.l.y
e.r*.8
ed disrdion
&fo6 e
til a H
stabili9.
Th. 19?
@r.lo go@nr
i.Ln
h!m\ b6
EI g o o n o p
HI
Disc.etion.ry powerl
Anoihd diftculty is llEl adDinistltive
U
cgul.li6 a al$ys ettcd ofpmvinc
Thjs is *idcly
FI
urd, .rd.bN.d
a rulc,
The
o o o o
@t kq gov.mml
sch pbvisions
ces *heE
hrd lo be
Fapdnt.
This
odil)"e E ftv.r
! l.w
by th
Ew
c{)llmr jusiificrtim fq
ih exi*o of comFioa
thlt
e e low ihrl thcy @ batdly kee? the @lf aey fron lbc &'or. Fd tb.h dt oploftony b b.k dt! mmy is l@
slsie
of
goimftr
s.rrEds in d.v.loDi.g
rei.ti6
houins
c6t
and
sttr@*.ting inndo4
dm n@ ditrcult,
fanilis
Std
Q{errrrery
e.^.t.6
ituB6
gsvir/ of
al$
tcnd to
the
flwiat
sri"gocy, Th.
nl @ploy6 b&dy
of
o dist
n@ on a poy
m$ty
my
will
$d6
ldcquar. rlE
che3
of ho!6ry
wiG
inprcvc r gran.te.i- Thc SeaeEl obervrdo[ howcr. is thrl rviri@ of3s]dies. ard
keepi.g rhm .r
go a 16g
a
led
*trich is in
cd$n.e
goJMr
b|lm&@i6. h r9l5
ro
tE goveMt of Bdtish
flalur.
the sats,y
dienft
nNq
of
of rh civil
wi6
i! lb. c@ry. q
is
ause b. $
ouch only
Mes.ry
minrain
sovMt sfur
$ch
rhd .ffcidr
art ir ir !.ry
ed how
be
dimcul to ey whd
wuldd.[e
for moF ard
his
di8!ity. It
bl!@
ElTs
rhat
Momble &d
povclty
rlrG
is
.v.ry posibility
th. '@truption of
Bity'
*rich
!,s
shr
Hasn
symporlun
shon Hisioto .f comot o. in trl ce n, (MinEosEphdl cffuprion Admrnrrtraus st f cotege, L.hor., pakht n
Khan,
.A
gr*nnndffi
c g 6 6
E
ShJ <Uib.r.t.!
e.-^io
o E p
H
F]
o d s e !a n
tIl
offi6. h
$ch
lar
E E
15
s E
|lJ
s 6
inplmqlaro4 *tuch
lhdfoE
a
c@1cs
Ih*
is
til
F!
e e o 6 s 0 g o 6 e E a s o 6 o
l:l !t
reed for
dhplc
Ls, lDd
a:6
m
to
irforb.Iim
by
dr
Frblic
l|s. H{eva,
e
&!
FI
bw!!.fuy
in Pakjstan h
sjd
io rtuire
s@y.
E E
Th.rc
l9t cclat
I!,
fr
KI
gov.m@r dEft.d
.mwlercd
a
allowing
Act
lhc
a E} o
EI
sflies
ofthe
lll
ta!
ddi
ey
at
o
E
E}
pdbinins b Mlional
suit
tel
or
dfoe - a
rcsdl of the
my
s e q
eistrle-.
TtF
dni.idariw infodrli@
hrd ro b. Fovidd
th public
stthi!
il|
@n
6 o o
o E g
@
of the photaopying. If n
dclay,
ofrer bid
days,
io justify
th.
nw
ed
in
a 1olal
of
14
Howe.. dt
o 6 n o a o 5
I B
govcmot
for rhe b.co
a
<tld
@lt s FnaininS
sauiry
or
deftre
this
Elinh.tior
Middl.E.n
onuuoa8annonoHo0nffinouaorlmfl fl nE!HI6nHm
ooommson[oo
Sl,.l <U.tr.ztry
b4 8iv.. rise ro a slup of niddledd o' rooicB qio acl s a vital link b.twM thc bdbe md rn. [email protected]! IE big tutoFri!tr 16 of rhc ttdtoping mdd @ irudatcd with the
conFio
ha b.c!m. r 0osilhjq ildsry b elqy &lrlopiIg
e.-.^6c nnsoooosoonoooT
siery. ftir
shady
chatrrm wto s
g.ndM
er;t dm. b
tbe moEt
ctnare
ig iJ
n a o
of 66irioDd
$iet6.
Peopls?
L 23. a
Wlo @ the*
Wlat
egMr
of
di.ry
do
it\.y cme
tob?
WFt
is ihen duc4ion
h it lrcnlivc .mugh
wo*ilg ti&?
rh*
qEnios wdd b.
b6 do@
E o
&I
'tl
nidddo
llas
is
thlr
md of
disguis.d ald
rcrk
behind a ephisri.akd md
f'triqt d &t
d.
A t ?ic.t roots is a
o
E 6t
n o o o 0 o
I@
wilh
Imily co@ction
hid
pbceq bn he
hi@lf hB
or lolli@t
hc
@irha the
iaje nd th.
edBrrion io -hiere
ey pFfsioMl l@pctcm
nor a
o 6
living, He iq holwd
&B.d
and cohpdo@blc, Hc
the eab
sial 9t86 e
c.mbde:
lblr
"' H.6rld'89!9bo&0td&!-&dc9!eoEo!t!@rE[9b!C,
Hato5.d
nf,ffinon[[n
popl. @ convimd ofhis E$6latlili1y,
.slij <l{rb.'...y
snooooofrE000006n o o g
b
6
the
e.-.r.6
n.t6
sue tine
v.ry fon lo
la
o q
!q
n E! g *idc @ta.t $l'ich h. 6 qploir e g Somc te6 agq t Pakieei N.$FF publishd a slory ofr gqbelv@ *ttich
n h knoM lo inleEsiod p6dis ihat he is
efr.cdve
dd
depndlble
irnMdal wiih
tt?iliB $c
Ifuy
ilj
rplEMtly
io th. ioQorl
io
0!e
p6w
tle
of
p: F:
Iti
s s o
his
sds
io g.t
lbd
suld
wilh
q 6 6 6 e e o e EI o o
tr t 6
gel
.onli&ls dd
lic46
\@
olmisbr
s o tj!
'r!l
Ei
t}
'll
Mged dterlrinl@l
ro th.n
6m9i.6 !d
lhe
oft{r
could
sirliz. tEly
tNy
ro
tl o r[ o 6t
l'i
I'I lcl lll
douag @mplio4
the
6
E
populeity,
dd etrectiv.M,
wiq
of th.
middldd
r.gldly bought io
Guy
6 o lj o o n
E
cirM!.
om.n13
that
tbd art@rricdly.
the
Amld @ti!g
n6t
<|rasti.
eihd is ednic
to
$ciety, lbnl
'd!$'
pdal dle
tlj ll[
o E! o n
E n
otr or p.yn
ff
ro
nidd.
tu
is
dE
a
E
EI
tr 6 n
my
and
$cial
p6sw
wiu
Edw
to
s c g
"'!tr!*!b,
Dairy Ndmbor 2, 1e44.p.1
b c !l;
s a o 6 g
6 e o tg 6 o
e.-a.6
ononndonooo&ffa ocl o o o o o
lM
aI blwhs of
t E
sod
E E
r+
8ovem.d.
s o
til p H l.) H E
til
b:
udok6
@ntrol
s s s s tr s e
th.n
rb. caE
d{i.s! dd d.bd6
e F!
rpEl a $anlt..
wish6 of rb.
g E u g e o G g 6 g o g o g g d
E
b.t ii tre
@ t6p
pow @
$.
6 s
@tauc
ftlugh ils
pok6
of inv.stig.tion dd.pprc!.ia6@.
o ll g o o p
FI
s o
*vdl wrs.
aeoul
Ir lpecifies th.
l"
po*6
nodiry
qy
govMt
d.!.rrn@r
What the
hs d@g
Thc adminjshlor
ondEts
irs
o E 6
of lhe national and the povirciii senblis, th legislatue may undertak io Elise ot
end
lbe
*o
apal
0F siatu
If rlF legirLnE
@c
n o &I o n n n o o o o 0 o
to
h eek
Sh/ q{ito'.1.y
e.^*..6
gensd policy. tf il
dG
@! lik a Delaftncn!
10 cur
i5
lh.
n
ril |!t
(it
6ia
thing
rh.
Mld
adnbisiard oun of
rh legislanre
lEsity
m lil.ly
io
elago!}! !|mbds of
m*Mily.
!t
llJ
fte
g*ral
sureilaDe of ihes
tr
o o o d o d 5 n rd
deponbans io dElc
the
@ ltd lE @ey
by
appoF'iald
to
smies EqdEd
Lw @ !rcvidd.
Ite leSislatr
loob lh.t @
@nrlly.trctivc,
o g o c o o 6 o 6 n E n n o c e o n d o 6 6
(a)'IfF nmb6 of
Ep@ntatiB of ruh
!l
@y
be
equired;
of th.
of lhe depelncnt:
dcF.tnoc
pl|B of
The
9T.s of
@mjtl6
in lhe legisbhft
tuy
be
oa$l.d
wilh rspoNibilitie
m.idils d.
oFdlioN
T1F lcgbhtiv.
6@itt6
ctmin6
nus
wiu
exmin ad,ninist"rir
lerfoffi
al Egul&
000gmooonffi
mrkc
.slil <l{itr-.t.!'
3.-^io
oo60nooonofionnost u o p
@tuins
@y @tc
tuid
to
sw./s
o\ldr
of th. felt
ed.
1o Ihe
o o o o rd o
E
EI
Pdde
ofple
sho'Id b giv.n io
rEliig noe
of ihc
of
al
t5J
ndba!
@y
be
*onlNtile
!*e e
rI lat F
ItJ ni!
tl
of ilBiigarory
@min6
ard
otr6
of
!I
t*15
fi
til
p:
fri
o o 5 tat
E
o 61
fri
o o
o
St'/ <l{dr'.r.y
J.^*on onoomnosodffiooE
E
EI
o
Peter Blau in his inquiry of
concluded
lhal
s a
|I p
pl tn
ilJ
@duptron
ce
b6
r{!ss.
Hc
foud
ihlt dtlbugh
lo
the law
calg
$pdior anrhorili.s.
Dsitico
code of.rhics
donS
lh
s
i.l
rcl lo
@I6gs Ee
in drling
db&izrd.
offi6
of lhe asercy
{d
dccided stbut
e o u iir
tit g
gI
fr
om6
of lh.
*! m EnetllL suc6
d.m
(hey
i!
6B|M
spimr. de.or!6-Wtich
a* r
v.lB
*uch
d. inpo dt
o e $l o o o n I'l g o 6I p g 6 !u o 0 tt o E o
EI EI
cl U
tu
qF*d
As in n@y devloping
bcen prominent in
@ulri6, lh.
@tuny ba
toDC
Prltra.
(hence, lhc
Bhuno (197t-197?)
s H
til
EHeloOGEOnffi OEXOf, ETAOOO0dU|EKItrEHcKHO{|OOOOOOUOd
!!J
Strl
<U,r'-arv
e.-.a.'.
ed flm.iat
iutitutions and .grc-prcce$ing
o
o p a o o L.t 5 o
FI
IU
i5
Fouoving
uft. ft. .liv6ity of lhe sio6 @lcmed d.moBir.tes how nuch dir4l inflle@ fi. Si.t bld ir rh.
bed nade ir $lling snall industrial
indsEial seclo.: autonobil. ptu pbd@lion plads, enginc*ir8, ricc, nespa!6,
cem.nt, chcmieh, erc.. Pmg6s
salisfabry
(!MF
1997).
Hovcvq, from
1995,
pubtjc
udtilie
O
n |ll u FI 6 tat
t5
EI
&l
h6
slowed
doM Oe [email protected], td
of ihc ,mailing
OOO.
ffi |lt
public
stor
I'l
A srccesstul pnEtisrion of
thcse
th*
be a etntion ro harc
I.be
privatietion.
aeen<ta
-md activ.ly
advocated by
o s o EI o a
E
Ig
apropriate
fM*ork
for rhaq
10 o1h6
fods of
nlsl
b fair
ed rruped.
up
Ac@rding poIenlinl
p@.
qdplq
lhc
$[{ff
of slai.-oMed
II p o o o o o KI o o o
EI
x' pdd s5ru rhe phqrs or suHrcEe a slud @Mmd Agee6 chEqo
or
hE@,sd
RoEiom
rN
.slrd <l{d!.'.r.y
3.r.h4.
o r.l
itr
Habib
Bdk b6 b..n
10
delayed
hav
b6 pNhcd bEl
@lunodate doD.siic
i.c61s
a
o
E[
tit
IlJ
ro potitic.lty
najor xplaralior for the difticdrie of th. bdring saror. The palistdis bading ecror nreds t\t b irodalcd
inidative h6 ben
u rt t6I
i5
ttr t0
t)
tun
poljricat
past,
e
Do
ct
|jko
ri.
1997
c@lald
govemnt, a
individurl could
ftv
prevision
intrcduc.d
il
conresr
in el.crion if hc
or
sd
o a o a |.t
lod
or
lxility
biU
los,
if rheE
pok Ar
d.fautrs,
o
o p p o o o o E n
til
0t
odirc m
sle prepar.d
NlloqinS fte
ftsl
FI
and
scitue ofgoods of
wii! dE puuinon ofa list ofrhc b&t defaultcs, whi.h hdd iDmcdisr dov.ring of no.cy, Howvd,
rhe following lcrcd
rsutis in ihc
Sovmd! djd
nor
tut
rhis
odime.
Ae* of
1ltsr
lo8
tl s o
nt
sis .wffis
of
nish@geme in
bdke,
bu1 rhc
@h
ir
oooor&ooqossffi
.9".t Q{"r-,.oy
e.r*@
w
boM
to be
Y*r*rH
r.gubtioD
in
Clw
pMwne
@ovc
.lisrior of public E
at
Fdsiv
public
hish lg ldels of rhe sr{e has bcen laely me.tiadzd. Ard ede v*, @srty Fojecrs ni* H susliciom abour dE Eat notives |ijar l.d b th.n adoplion (th. g sErd rslmabad LshoE highmy, rbe Gw .jrpon in K,ful,t). I
&d purchsing of
soods and
siq.
[email protected] onr.s.lirs H
vc.y
coruFiu h
p|\,cl@nr
sm. ert is doe btnrd $. br*uinbs of bribiDs .omp.nis Bur $. cumr perc.pr,h is rh'r LtE cxisrirs p'ocdes e alE3aj) adequd. ,nd rhor * o-0,* u* , ihprmmrarion.
is cmndy in the ddnirg sLg.,
pncehml
E!
ed
or
Seidy.
a gR.r {ieal
$ E E
E
E B .thcd in polirics ed adnmisua on woutd fslllpon Lh. people LhmsetLes 'ecUMe E wides?Ead @dproo u a sdy Dm lhal rher e @nndjve etdflb in 6e E ecial bchlvior of lh. nr,g. *trich suDpon @n tion. lnijvjduat cdpnb rc.d ro b E pmished svdally. bur th .lom wilt nor @, our comprioD. cnft bnb.ry. depod3m E ed f.voritis e sial pmbt@3. and for . s@astu nghl a8!iE $.tr! , E r.Ioma$ve mov.mdt is ne<ledb chege th. no@ vd6 ed cu.totu which od b B E
IlI
t[. n&d.rd of publK morahy in a soci.rr. No mans ho$ M sEirc b mate sctuFt rnd iNituronal &o.*o* *iorific.rd 6tio&le. in lhe t.sr,oatFir rh. oE or
b
do w,rh
regog60@Gt
c t5
ooEffiooffinffi
ln.
p@plc
Srd <l{rrx'.t.,
lit E fK brierde stlich cd* irto etiotr aR.r rh. fi( b+ *tulny n&r.d. Tn wis.g E
ob @mpt p@rt.
Ar
**o**goffi
3.-,,,o,6
e
EeEd
do6
.ow
thar rhe
fir
notsianalall. jn a
or list 4
bur io
B
H
rit
It is a bater ot @mon
ethos
k@wle<lsc
edich uder
@ @poEry oditioro
!o
.se
do
sr.at <l@]of
hm
lirc
*i.ty. An E ex@sive fixalion io tinship ti6, ihc sd.rity of *te statificntiotr ed th. domi@t ffi rcle or Gmilial sfili ion iD Lhe irdivdu.l s lfe m uqEsLionably outrnoded in r.be I envnomB sderlred b, tb el.d.d lsnpo of clrtrge in a $dfe n!l4 *ti.h E
Non-Etiondt b.hlvior is
tls deed
authority lo
dbFm
la*
hil$
oftben
disEtionary
ncd !o for
pow6,
Undd
the circlmtrrcB
i5 to
thc old
b. ch&g.d if th.
siet'
is
onpriod in
a modcm
lhe
m6es. HoEsty,
aftr
.ll
be
redued.
If
p@ple
cniinly ce
c,s
ton shool
Str/ q{lrrrrlry
e.i.t ,.
be
idrctcd iflo
play
laught
a qurlitid
c.I!6_
Spirit ofPatriotism
Th. hislory ofElion
lis
spirir
ofpariorih t9
E!
rat
foniry tbe
ns*s noElly.
The
o;hor d.Fnds
on the pairiolic
fro.
of rhe
ud*
dF
llrlss
in
ti
ed udeBlrnd
narionalisn
d a scutd
od
Dorality in
He sys rhar
a v.ry lidilrd cirl of idc6. And digioa ih. @ieprr whjch 'n a*lteo in th.m a deep eBe of qpoBibitig @ parjoris and mtonatism.Irt tr is dgud thal
peopB moves
if
ordinary
cirizN
eiijal
for |hc
paih
of
Btitud..
In orha
public opiniotr
@ &r s
b6r. o! hodl
lawlessnes
ir
public
d
In
.dvd.gc.
Palisi4
d@ to the
let
a safety vslve
cx
rhar
daurls spi
i.slie
warn d
e.l$ tu.
Evo if
n $
Euoe@ N ll-C-tp c.nury A perm.nEp a..ty5E ot ch.nc ad anr,mn olerred., ruope Nmdenh -*.,r!a*au",!r4*4ju,.n
nosoffilEr
SteJ 9{1s,11,
e.-*...
tlrya
@mt nobiliz
public opbion
sdf,t5f,fcion5on69 tcl o
o
s a coutdvajlins E
si.ry
sial
is
Flohtid i5 domi!.ad by E rligiou or nysiicd idals, trdich brcd lalllilD md a tue of BigElion. Bs6eld,
th. htlk of tne
fi[thq viriaLd
bd.E
fi
$
fi.shore @ mi vcry EliSioE, lh.y Epo$ @ixcd f.irh i! luc,t srd e rElucra ro o!d* d .lrlrthing! by hllh etrorrs. Ar avmge b.ti.q ihinh rtai..oDjy 0E i dotion of God witl Glnin rhe mad tury of wfuls, srauilh a few hoomts of ordd ad pr.dictalilitt, d $ st up tb @ndi{o6 undr which sl|cc*tut Glfortl beom.
fiDds
,nexm'nins 6ecthNotd
tktid@muiry.
H
g|
I E E
har
corcLd.d
d*
E ardrude E na.ds to b dwelopcd mong rhe p6pl ofd. developing eci.1is. Th.ir Feni inra E nccds to bc di+.1t.4 dd l!.y nLd b. nadc !9e of rhBedrys,,Ilbugh ieLvisioa
a lopic for debat6
|hey @ @& e intettenDl dd moEl clim& snich would e r@,*munor*r o po,ui6 &d odninktrario!. Mqr hislditu se@ il,t tr e wcatm eci.lies cheged dr.ir anitudB alour public li& lnq l[. qirings of Votr.ire, Rol[gq &d Monilsquim duiry rhe second hlrofrle eishtenrb ahry. Thy a$kded mons the mocs Epusmce asaiftr g@ty, dd xptoiilrion, I Ed thbush id.ab of libeny ard hul@ riaht\ oarleth. noRt richsof si.ty. Dopuk @tlm md mrt:kly
& Ag.
ofEnli8hctun.nr, befoE
sicti6
fi
E fi g g E $
O
E|
g
'trEddC
Anh.td, Th
M.dA$
or
B**E.o Sc.to,
t{yqr
Th.
Fep.*
ffioEEFOOOOOE
.sld <Udd'.r.y
g a a g g o Itr 6 s o o ilt o a 6 s o a g e o d e n 6 g o n o o s 5 o o o 6 s e s H 6 s o o o g q 6
E
rEdio,
lre
mdia. a
in
lhm, od
vigilee, ed &tiv.
si.1i6 @
aulin bjghd
FI
tll
t-t
EI
aeaiGt
.ll folm of
lif
iI
EI
huru
polluGs
i$
E
td
inh@ni
sid
a
EI
betut
efre.t cm desiloy
cvd'lh'ng bur
rhe
Fen {@pi6
Aeodilg
I.m hs pojnr.i
chstisot.
nor otra n
Codplim is
Says:
*qlth @j6dy,
b jndg6
a bdbe,
siz!
Ar dothdpltu it is slaLd;
ofdy p6d., ed
@ mr
@mpry D oe
mishii
cfjdF
MTd#*ao4-r!r!!ua!Ero!!4!r!!&!a
1BB
tr 'g 6
'1rh ou6n r/
'Tn.ouM)atvt
13d1A3
.slid <ll.b.'.I.y
e.6*0.o
E[
sinil' v@
in the
eu8
turrha .dds:
"Bur
wrld, qd
be thou kind
ad
o u o g o o g
dd
cL
AI.I
lovlrh lor
'!J
'Irte
wre supplmdt
i} o p
ti5
wing
(P.e
lFrrqty i,
his syings
p6*d
fi.
need for
acriviry. In his
Bw
ponray.d
lh.
db.ltiehMr
met
@nducr in
sei.ty,
Ofr6
of$e
nale w@
o
a 0 o o p n bt 6 o o o p o o o
t31
o
E[
disolloftd to bN. d',thing bcyond tlen ddics md e@pt n@ of 8ins in &y shaF
or fom
sfictly forbidd.n.
nr
pnphct
you
a
t@l
Who
da
of you is apDojDr.d to
wrk
evq
is a
rwt @u [email protected]!
He
ret
speist
in
oftes of
Hlmi6
in
*iich
if positioE of
Fw
reE givo
ro
ed of thb world.rr! U.
Holy prophcr weE $ricrly
obwcd
rbe $aG,
to by his fou
sq.96 ir
$c aflaiu of
of
rhe officiat
f..! $d ho!.s1,
o g o o o o p
E
Ei &I
"
'
wkq
1939. p627
ooffinoffiso6cffi
nnodffion eoooffioGI !! o 6 g M raled mong lh. cardindl f.lhres of th sral ||l o ElIrmbcr.d of thGir duty ro God and (l)c pople, o o tlishoBt m pronpdy rprimandcd puished. o a
and
Sr./ q{..tr.'.t.y
9.6*0.o
Ume I, urdd rLom tb. ciry-drL of M.di@! foud.d by rh. Holy pDpt r
dd emciot mehiFry
of
gov.tm.d in
EI
til
&l
FI
*Fdrs ofth.
srde.
rf;
omr
17.
foud suilry, of
Eonl t!+iMe
w gib u qdltary
phisblMr In
AH UDu I disnned
bnb.ry, In his
disissl onls,
t,Imy.':r
In
&olh..ld.r
to U!D@bin-Ar, rh.
0F ways
ed
n.8
by
siicb
@Mulared qedrh
od
proFrty *hich
hG
t, &
ofliciat circute
4epi!r@ of gjns.
ts
|.n
o i!.
fo. @urage,
oft
sly Isthic
hjeory, b!1 the nonl cliDate of hir !.rhinilrltion E@i!.d ubloi3hcd. Even in O.
Edcsn6 il lh.
Lfl a.tuL $v* 1e66.}te. bh ., HiEr umr) 1'5e e8r ^-lul,Y. ir@ 'PocreEry[l!{lais!4ldqddlodt6r *,ilJ3d!!"LH,$r"'
^
r
'{ on$
.shJ q{"&'...y
e.^.r... ffa|oflon6000ffionu
o o o o rt
s o
d a n E g o s o o
tll
il 6
EI
'Thd
con
ollcs
alpoinl.d .n4r
o o a
|n
!'
6
iT
illlume
bing
aepld,
ro
sLd *pdioq. ed
rstm dEine ir.
pM6,
mbqs of Espelbl
fmili6 *ho
had seNcd
.rdy d.'s,
Sreety
b.e
rhcre
not
&d c@ot bc.aily @mpr.d, Iley mostly b.vc bcfor rheb utim.lre Esult of
dEn thoughts
temptd io
sratc which
paid,
s itx
dEy
my mr b.
arxl
nd b wtch ow
0E
erivitG
of
offi6.
Thc
rtuvt.dgc $d ih.y @
beinS Mlcbed
9@nizing
tb
govmi
of
Bd., Hurat
offi6
stro
had
fi.t
officr
ws Fprindded s folows;
Strf R{rtorarr
n60nt[
. ditur
o o
EI
kE seed
ofr@
away
E
E}
PJ
F
I!,
of
vi&d!
lft
ptr..d bcfoc
o
tu
EI r.t
ud
tunAry p!uD6
Md
a n n s g 5 g
g 6 g g o o g e
hum
n t) u It o
l'.r
spcial paitu
lhomuSles.
tt
MiepFopriation of
6mo! ed uivdsd wc.t&$ of tbzd Ati $id, *8. it kroh lo you rhrl $e petutr
seh houts md
hs
Itr
wbo nisapFopriales rlE pooF lte tun4 who fiUs his s1otuh wirh
ed
injB
6@i.@ *il[
puilhld od
G rh.
bl@h
is the
E!*
*mple of mat{dmhisranon
Ihe
losrfut Blapou ir
!o
o o o 6 o o o 6 o o tlJ a o d
c c c E
@dprjoo, On oe a@ion
hc
!s
ri'
my
nighr
ow th.
sharp
0!e Holv
''
Hd,,
Alr O
EnsEbd by D,
M At,
3n*o-
JudSdefi
o o p g g o
!i.I
FI
dd njtes
in
vriou
pans of lne
fi i}
p
ig
ti.'
;!i
Mclin yorld
&ind loMds
ibpuitiE
and
ig
nr.F
oles
of rhe
who in their
tg
6ndet
but rhey
ofde
6ly F4
n*
of Istarq
Ihe
s &t
.tal
wE
.rodert
comption. Th
mviFMots
had
ch&ged. cNroru
the
od
ben er by
of
p@rietl
on a ldge by ihe
|!mii.d wldSed.
roor it our
Comlbn
in e9s4c is a
n a I'l s o
0
EI
{ll
u g a q
l,lrough moEl
noBlity
$ a rligious. no
ed
exploiration
and
always
|!l
rcpebald &d
de subjeld to
saciioc.
pakislln is suFerirs
ftom dmoralized
t!.
of @dlplion; n j5 @
mirilg
*no ii
6 s g a bt rI
EI
rlk ftI
support from
c
tll
a It
E:
s o
ll l,,Y;,,i'Jl*".
""*
,,u,
"
,,.
e g
EO{56IU60
lll
.she q{dr'.t.y
2.-*o,"
thd b
EN8o$noeHegedcretcr
liSioN nd 006l philoeplE6 .v.ilaue lo
layiag rhc etbicd
&!rdati@ ofa
sirl
dd
@,dic
.9e/ Q{aorery
o 6 g tr n 6 g g g g 6 d o H o 6 !a 6 E o E 5
E g
Itrs.irufiotr.l Me'tr.
Com-pilo 6
bad for
Forcontrot
e.-*@ NTEE!5E6WEI 5 n c o
E !!t
inluse E peddlilg tubezzl@ot ed oihe abws of po*r fo! DEenal or @w grow gain, fr
d\elopftnr. teaving sid. lhc horalit) of brib ratue.
comprion impedes invcaldEd dd
tud
&quatiry.
r{h
lhe
F:
;!l
Hlllm
dd
beines
@ pore io
slt*kins
behavior $
6E
I nofu {d iinihnioR ComFion cs rcvd b. cohpl.r.ly or FnMdtly elihi.ared. E itr IrE qEeior b. how @ ir b @ntrDlld? How @ ouEy Eov. fron s sinDriotr *,1,@ E g @mpud my b. rbe lxm io a snudotr *Ift oEuplio ts hoEry ilbr@bL ,$ H
hehrvio.ry
makes n
or
re.
s g
g g e o o o o o c o 6 n EI o o o o o o o
,d
io in@t6. mr moral lppsb, 06@ hold.rs ktt Dl lbsriD tlh coErsrio Els it D lmee appers in rh.u ilE:rdt n bdsK @frFly. To onElt @mrpror rb. qF-Ed
be
@nrllqd wiih
md
E E e g E fr o g
th e\Tc'.d @gs of nergine r mption.siich 4 low or h in e adatuely orn4l rE qiery.frd b..baMicdty itrcrsc<t. public oflici.ts hr FMrv. a $DMbd nsk m 6 lhd rfthey engase in ompr conducr: rhcy wjtl toe lh.ir om6. forfen beal) equircd E 0 qealul dd wn so lhe prhon. Kl n. g Inplmen|ms s(h saioB leaiM comprion EquiFs e iNinn,onrt Fee*o,t ro
breftosr
rario for
&
indiyidual
trE ra*
N$
be
hisha th&
p.i
is
sysrcm
6 6 6
e
*h s e qu@mptbn
t'l
E g
afleffixaoercE!
St./ q{"b.'r..y
do. Er*riw
owd.Dpilg
a!.1 dE&lc
e.-*G.
ard
iilrilliB
of
di.6iq te
61
irritdi@
n@d !o be of
difl!@t ldnd*
thc t
q dj@dFion h.dic{
cotrr3,
edO
E
E
E
TIF l.w nLlr Flbibil
&.1
oisr
of pbtic fr!&.
C@prdtuiElnlicomdi@
Eftcdrc corwtioE
civil
ii
Bsry
h|l
in5fici.d
dtol
ser!,
biliiiry offi6s i|d Dolh. otrc..s dct ! tb.t .s.r3 lpon |.tils ofre
ald *l@vc.
ard cvay
yd t .qnd,
rs|s cbns.
d |li$.dioE.
To
9@ rigri6@! dc6rd
@uisioi.
c|re
dE owdrppir,s
alw of
v.tic.l
r|lliompfro! Eodra
TIF
sood iBdnnio
of
coEtlulity
sdrizilg t*
@rd[d or
plbli. otrci.L ud .ssing th.n ns.t d.ebndc. thi! body Dun b. cls.g.d ml ool,
with
@ivbs hI
rlso mnitorin8
rld wi&iig
of
0E
Blc dal.i.rio6
of 0E Feridclq
Fitu Fioir..,
lcgislalors,
DiDi3l6!,
6db.6
d
Frlida!
pablic
3tdc
an odE cLct
dd lFoincd
otrci.b,
6ooffi60dooodf,noo
E E e E q
.9,r
Q{.rr.'ary
e.-*oE
@
a
66UOOOOnOOOObpOct
E
s e s
b invdrigar
mu[y,
@rbn
hasis,
se
sigliftur ponid
of
rh*
c g
n
i!;
IlJ HI ni:
i!;
o g o s 6 6 o c o o o
Sa|rint mln
qdiblc, Thii
ways, tbal
be
obpr.htuivc ifir
a lor of
is lo
b. effotiE !n<l
is !o in
b.
equi6
Eews: @ours
invenigaloB, and
ba.ke<t up by
ta*y6 rlilcd
$.
ili
u
EI s e
t+
@nplna speioti$s
ro poy
ril
&tiompijon
{--kqi@
n4dr
it
sarl
o4s.
scruliny,
hower,
be dE insitutioial
n@s lo Ey
inpoe pbishnai
on lhe
glry.
Tne mod
ct)mor ad dilptiog
i@bilily !o
qlfoe
tun inrfefte
9i
at
EI
g g p l* E o s g
b abtc ro
p@6 u.demiEs
rhc
q |ll 5 E! p 5
H lll
dc@iFd only by
lsers___{trowh
dE ptlEs
m if rh.
judhial lysren
lhb 6
wL
haw i.siotcd
EDprcriry
the
Oobu.|lro
Th. erdinicard
Eview
eiai6
otr6
of odnini$lrirc
ditj6 $t!o
c&
u o o g o |li o g E o E p 6
E
$
I
HKtrE
r* m. ,r* ***
ida. Hie@hj.
or
Str/
Q{erDery
ffinenooeolele
,*sturr qFffir.d wi.n rhis E dotlM is c@iMr wid pffiaLins I
H
@u'ia
which n.vc
*'is
*o* "ntic ot publc atuini${io 6 lEly o)ffh hims.lf with vs} ** ,*,. H. dy rcr h. p.mirEd ro qiticiz th. dao'nna rr $ '* " S **."a-"* - *t,cn |!e &rioo s6 bs*. rh. rb of bo6 @rd od previftial ombubm6. $! ,o".*t om.i"l" *, b bswh withjr th. eh of rh. ombu&m6. Ei eovel:rl@t omcials my *. eni@s ot $ *en t qric should b Dade auilabl. to suppod rhc E oE@nclsion u[r oDplsi s should b. g.n@Bly @i!d. rhe ex&trEl ditic should Dor I S * -.p.u"a ro .r on *{y @mplaid didEd to bn He sbd!4 hor*r, hlw o",". *, t** *v's dr oEpr.ir sr.r ifhisM lrour adEjlisrlri* $ ,or* t*' *"" **a u, o,os m"*. !o ab6@ $
$ ""*ur'r,.-^. *
E
H
E B it & B
E
E
fr!
ff
Powr
o'ced
in
r[.
ofr
@mptaid
B**o* * $
$
$
r.r * *""*
ur
u.
publrc
H E
6""** $r-inirjlcd il*tienions and pe*D,r irspcrio*, rhe E o.o** .o * *uiFd ro wiry 016 ard Esur.ii6 preDug..d by $c
"ri"* ",tlo,i*.
't'c He my be @poBqld lo .xMim off:oal 6Ls. dd sl|l'Wn
F'sB
E E E
dnidsndw H E! :t"** * -"- ** bDdly di$'.ri@ry rh., m' b.. H slEid ronic'lsly Ei E
rrFy 6ne
ro l@t sirioly !r
ox
fr $
only q'tErhe'
"4.,"1'*,i*
*u""
**'.
",Uee.r.
plain
clN b d uvnarq
fi
Mo*'"'*#
.9"r <!{r*ety
c tE
xdinc deckions ihat @ eiihe uljlMdbh or orhflis cl@ly in @nflict with fair
a d 6!
F g
llj
E g
e o 5
adninbtativ. pBdi@.
$4ai har
He
@t
$8h
his
he& ofla
my
DrrGr
a gD
N he
disv6
thal
ber
done is in
a@rdl@ viih
law: hc
be
EqliFd
10 go
tuda
&d salbt
E q
hjnelflhlr
dE hw itsc[is 6ir
.djNa
s g
IT
o c o 6 n EI e 6 E g
E e g g c g g
dj[nlmt'
lo
ovfu
but&q{ic
til
|!j
ta!
|l
be
e@@g.d io
Lk a
g
ItJ
ofe
the
t',l
p6s to
hq
It
t'J
rflct
of
on
a ujln
a.t
fts
m
ltrdtioN;
sugeEst
bend
M]s
@ning.gc.t
ndti and h.
ln hb
dbposition of
Ell krcM sy
g o 16 g a d 6
B D E
o! E f.llow citizns, io
i5 so
iD!@
$ o 0 o o s o E} o o
then opinions
s fat
fii
ard incliElioos
bcsr,
a a nn of@duct o! othds,
io
ofth.
hum n!nF,
poE
ds
tc.pt u,!dq
a
$inini
sllhirg
b[1
wnlofpoE
w14
Ard
be
ir @r d.cliritrg;
goqirg u"lds
mun
is
a a o o o
I o
o o o o o n E
ai!.d.gri.n
tt
mj$hi.i w
of
qFcr, in
pc$ cirulsd.e
whedE
of th.
io
s n in.!!e.
is
ftjs,
'@y
th
olG,
aert
b,ppdinS
it
n6t couti.s
like it or nol.
ltE fa.r
Hc
tblt
in
hinslf opprs$d
by $
bul!4@y.
f..h @mFlLd
to
i8hr.
nte
poffi
frnctios of
ofodhdsn
3.-A4. ffiEf,mof,ooBffiog
w
The shottcomings of th
plffit
sys.m
i! el.li6
to airniniqt tirc
jlsrie
wid.ly knoh 6d
FogliEd FfihmoE,
*k EdB by otur n4
o
E
H
B fr adm'sfa1ion. Ibe datleF oI policy @ .6ily b placed o$sid. thc onbudsml fr PI juisdidiolL beas, for thN @t16, lhe govemqt nust be elcly Gporuible io S rarlideii Neltnlcl6 dificdtjuisdicdon daisi@ do iob ribe 10 tirc have !o be E &de r rh ombudlrus othe. TbG retu ofth. od ou:str4soEMy8lv.Mm8 O audmrityto exai@ rhc dechios of nini51ds. E given discFlion io rne 10 ntert in a @nplainr ifh The onbudsd My h I @Bide6 it to b. &ivolos, ldati6 dd ml nad. in good 6itL IE sm. atDli6 itihe E @bplaintdl la hlrt ltu*ld8e of rbe Eatcrof his mdairr for ll@ lhat a 16 bfoE E o the orDrdnl is pEent d. E q *Enblic sysr.m envisee, dul 0E cmplainr md b in qiring ad E accodpdied b) a sjven fe. fhe pmftdd for inestgarron my * o inrornar s $ a posible. lnde4 a @'sdr suo$ dould b. m!d. i! pzdid b pnvar th. d*.lopiq E or bld dd fasr tu16 ot FEd@ rh @in objal b.i.g Sar lhr @dddd sho'id be E invc$i8ard acordins ro i$ ndils &d irs slbdde. conr&ls wnh sovmql fr deDdlrents and diooonos bodi6 Doy delibosely b.lcpr on e infodal b5is wilh B
a oew s@h for ombudsma beins 6id on, h all juisdicti@ in Pskislar mng ihe leC pbfesior ad lbc administ6to6, i! rtE ujvdirics md arromnou d.Frtn rrc. Th. mh purpoe of lbe ofre of ohbudsM is to iNqrigd. &y deision or No'lrendalion mad. or dy a.t do@ or omin {t rplai4 r a una of public
h6littte p$pd ofhlving
fl
H
Sue Q{,,tr'.&y
e.-*.*
of ihe
ar
ttr lrdn
Mtte &d
or
tE
we
dme, of
suirg ad
dying th.
d.p.rrIndral official
in tu
g
The onbulsma
be
loqs
to
slllmn
and
.'Mift Fmng o!
fl6
ard
EI
t5t
oath
if
n@sery,
s
dd
a compLte dght of
&B
!o
of depafinotal 60r& md lo
rt t.l
rn
o.gdi2dion
ptcmis
dght of
pdFu, Tle
depsrnnenl
iBp.did
sndnd
qrat
minutc!
pq!r rh.
on ihc gDutrd
iri.t
should
rh3t
mt @ply
ey iN.digolid
by the mbudstrEA
Dd6
ihc
diselosr
qbi!.t
o o o a o n n &t n o o
6i
Ns,
rhe
ninisL6.
c@!tt a Min$er
by
at
&y tibe,
.d
ha
a
mud do
in &y
cG vi@
o
by
&t! evi.*!d
ilr onbudrM
gi6
b $.
admidirative official.
o)I]mcd !
or
@py of my Epott or
my
tul.
sil1 Gfe@@
b a dcpdflnfl
dtomtru bodt
Th. onbulll@ my
de
dFwild cs
to
di*
th t
m !d
cordiiiN of
dlption
rhar
ofm,l{dminj$ration, ift6ciercy
dd
nistllmat
pee@l @
rdeqnrtely FiiL6cd
Sut,l
nb*att
e.^tdo
should
s 6
He
I]u
It
rt Ei o
tuy
be
hio*rqce
ro ihc
or cb.n8e
adsininndve .le.ision,
@mpl&ircd lgaiNt, h.
If
his
go
@medlrion is
rhe
dol {cepLd by lh
drhdit
e'nd
l\ibc
Mininer
ed rho *tich
peliu@r
my b..mpow.d
q b irer w. s a
Epon
The onbu{kns
adminbtrtive
if dr
sd
dsilid.ppaF
b b. @ntary
10
liws
&d.@t!ot\
lhould bc
laq
ro
b.iDg
in
srigd.4 0F
mhds@
ruy
coNider
discFion hE
b6 q@isd for e
in
impDFr plrp6e, on
shodd
iElcver go'lds
have
ey cse t!@B
b.d gim
for
frlitd @didddior
mr
be
.shl <ll"b-.t.r
e.^*o.o
edincd, thlr
the decision be be
BeBd
or
cdel.4
thai my
petie l!kd.
bad tuy
@uid.e4
or $a1
ey othd
st ps be
Ee
my ihd
a
,tPorr his
g
llj
s g
e
opinion
&.odii8ly ed
requ$ th.
dldoai @D.m.d
io
to noti& to hi5
hio eiihi!
A.cificd
t s
dmc oftlE
giw etrat
opiniol
If m
rtion is
c q
tg
n,
th4
to
hd my
the
dd
thn !o
tE
prdi@t
Hc
my
bc
e o c! o 6 o
EI
quid
infom
of hie iNsliSati@.
Th. odbuls|m my
EquiEd io
mlk
mud
Fport
10
llF prlimmi
10
oo
0E
cxwie
mlc
pdiodic st tondts
is
ihe
p6.
o o G} a 6I n t:t
o o o E o g
H
ffi
tl
o E
E
E
Gaftl b,l.,
e
ard
of ib om@ of
ohbutlsM
its
Mtiat
and
etur
roy b.
E * o*u ..
E| $ $
6 $ $
by plblic
.ddB
,,
*,'*-****r.
eniDg
adhiri$d'on or
hjr
H
H
..0** *, **ri'"
o.
t.wed b
"l'd;,ai"i*.
cft
diltlitus
fi
E I
.ii.i*ot*uu.t-t*'do.ttreoFhrdandofrbercdeotp@pk3g'i.titB H wto d. cospluls N h*ly hsrd deply @Bl&td. rnd of th. odEr. It ts only E
sFd,lyEromcd ttd $e rtrnd Equrmentofftedom @uld
b
fr 6E
eoulrsrrrurn r
counrs
aEined.
H H
St,/ ql"t*.|.r
e.-.t.,o
p 6 o o o |5l
wilh
ft!@ Fn F d.
a@utabh io
ouhtandioS
lle public.
ir belcd @
Ib
tMinS
ti EI
fiI tll
EI EI
citim ad Cpuld
hav. tDih
me
ourrs of lsw
me rul4 a dE.lpliebL
with rhe
the
!o
priv c ciliz6.
publjc erd@_
sdr.r @I|ch
Ir FftM
bu.M@y
is
Bi.d
wilh
b@!!!lic a@uraliliry
ro ihc p@ple
dd
to rhc
bw
6 deled
by ihe legislatuE,
Tt r$lt
*ith
o o o E o EI g g o
ffi tq
Adrninistniv
ou.$ d.d
of
h.r@
*ing
dF
citih !d
plblic
al'boiri6 one@@i
rdninisnrire
tuElion
th administiriw
$.
law ,nd
po..d@
propriery
rropdly. 'nE
civmncnt
of
P.Iis& ha .lt6dy
&ql!4
rt d
fq tlF.s.ll'shtuni
It would be advieu. io
pan
brn
administativc law,
a
alo*rd ! smth
snd
gl|'@i*
to lLe
citid
ag.i.st
d indit
&d biS!
bqddis o
of
sE|ondndffi6ffi o
.9r/
<ll.drr.r.y
E\a4
H $ $ $
eowd
n.diE
@nc!F of
Judiciat
r.tMiMiv
law
's
be&d M dle
epdion
of
tFrudci.ry
t"t**,
,t.
**,ri*. *'*
m. ,a,linjs*liw fuEdos.
ror rh.
10
F|iE. .dninj$adw
ldy
v6
.iI
g
E:
FJ
I.I
ofo|aDd
nulale.
ttibunr&
rbe
val@bt.
E S fr B
erFdcia fd rakistsi
n" "4"**"v.
my b.
eslllusbd
d 6uls
!o Eelvc disui.!
.s &i -o
"g lrt p
rn
&d
pudic hrvc
!doi!i*.ri6
hd !
hav
Sraie
offcials
my
be su.d
dxl _
Fiwr
otr!
by a hutry
adrusrnur
.e
-ffi
E $ fr
courts
my
oieinaljuisdictioo
ajude in
omon trt$
FI
sisins
@!r1s
o
E E fi $
:.*"u-.-t**'Ac,rsof
o :E o Aaiirt foGistrs or iitanrtional adhritj3, FiBle FeB not dftising public o s ddDdty, elioi of leSblatir! NDbli6 ed @s tEt @ suljudie in jdicial @un. g o n .a.. *"* -* wilt d sbsi . $.ir &dsioN fd $oq of th. !dbi.ismi@. o
l}e$!r..' [email protected]$h.h6in<titrcc
a
o
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ttu
bn to lre
iat eoH
&.bion
in lhe
rur.r d
to
ordr
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.g ,0
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o
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6
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$ I $ E I E $ $
e.-.h.@
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be enritld io
try
citi6 r
public
lder'
Ary admirisralvc
*,;* *o*", ,o ..uo my h. ih. lo*rid omcilL or a .*nry ,o rh. Eo*d *, o. *,"4 *,* * couns. Ihe p.rnior witl be Equd b Plllar th. mplur
within
o
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EI E}
w*
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ms. PFceediiss @uld bc s infomdl 5 v@ld mr bc mrds) in trEy cas. Nor only will
i!'aiigali6:
rh.r
lg iit
* **
-* ** s6siw powof
or juidical
willde
Fovidc rh.
sH'ld 8rl,l"l1B
out
ad *codlr
p@dw.
sr
lhc
rs
$e adminis@\e
o o fal 6 |n o
E
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or
sm a sd. rc'p@ri6
by th. adninisrarve
@uri
rhooush
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"a.rm* -"*
$'rcd
ro a
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o g o c o 6 0 &t o o
E
dem1tu
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rlE prirciple or
.Kn if'lEy
lm
nor
qpGslr slEd
by
hq
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m
no
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ra-i^*"o* o*rr'*
invoht! ha bd .llo*d
or
1o
o
E
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6
o
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tit
dlqoi!
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h6re ongi.d
ed
fnal
h'r6s Cls
ki6
my b. c&tr d dirEr
10
rh.
Cowil of Sr.r!-
!!@inilg
20
mtu
of
cmpdriye
ts!
wiN gFs of adninjstalive d@isim iNolvire rc6d @iddts, @Mlithior of holdinss, m i"-.s , ta{i Ltm and @ndiioN of wie of lDblic s|wts in rnrid su! s
Bolh thc
CMc
iE 6uts hay
adjudi@i. oo
pensions. Ecruitnn!
$!osior'.
ofiiciol,
alo9!tB,
St"/ 9{ll.retry
3.-ao..
injuFd
citia
to obi.ir lhc
@ullMl
of
e
!o
&1 wilh a
mininm 6f
iMnhim
rld
a
!e
lh. administltior.
nr
Coucil ofsiat , in
lg
i5
wil
play
ed imlqr&t ol. a
It exii.@ of tE
offcirl5 io
dd i6 dfo@mil
ed eiw
6mue!
thc
o o o o
@m
sownt
is
MiG
{DDughly
admini3t{ive dcisiotr
. corel imp.dial
d adoirist{iE @n
Mul|d.
Th.
r*.i
parliculdly in th.
cx6is
admiltratv.
adbinisllrion.
@urls
my
indiEctly cub
@l4ti@
ed rElPtelie
in th.
govmlal
'nr AGt
Ofiicc
ws cEted
by
$.
Conslitutio4 *hich
!qdB
audii
of
qpendfter ch6g.d
Eon dimisal
lda
ir
rh.
ro
b.
9,2 Q{,o-.tty
6*6
3.-{,''.
t6
th. ninistiy of
arpbvcd by
it
which
Fitlld
!ogc, EI
bdgd
by rb.
MinilEy of
Fil4..
.d adit
i3sB
d c6t
hw
bcn nosrly in
for
tbc
FI
It 3lo'ild
ew l.gi5Llio
l[. Otre
EI o
tt
puticda by p@idilg it
(.lldios
up by
'!
t!|ffi).
ha
slov,
HMrcr,
lhc
FogB
of lbc dhnio8
of
A@ut!
Act ha
.d I doe!'t
$F6tion
Th.
rt i!* of$.
i..nd.dior
Plrxa
(i!
rbc
A wodd
86r
fiDdcd Fljccr
@ur
or UsD 37.lrn)
d impffit3
tbc
in
is l.rSairg lbc
orqt d of
fij@irl
..tNdi eoutilg
(cot! ..coutrtilg)
.yst th.
to bntrg iog.lba
!!
nargcfmt
of
AovMt !suB,
lrdn b b. cdnBld
on
.
i!
@F l*1,
UEoby inpoving
crbluLrisi.e
!@ulilg
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of
!@utiDg
ds.i'r!
d 3rqgth6ils [email protected].!di
by
d4lopils U.
tu S.pr.d6 ol Adonrha $d tudid.rt Funcdd a hsq . mh F@ p b!BLtb.. lE tudhd G.q.t. oilc.. urrdr !F pF@@ d.iqt.to of cdptllL Gd.rc .nd aJdlb. G..1, h- hi.to.t llt d1ddlrl6. bo$ .rrdlt'|e d @ntino tuidior... Inb .'l 6@ b . nqo. .ndi.o.d|rt s-!||l . -@ .Lh ol hbE!.
ri.rn! tm
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or
thr!
Sh/ q{,r-'...v
e
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u
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p!
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t.o-r...no,n *"
A
E I $
roF
bEtlhDugh
Gu'Ed
in
ad $bdsioi
of .!dn E?orts io
l*ls G ar 9 tu r$
a
Igi
fr E
t{
it .ierin*t inpmmd Aon rh. ppio6 l*ls of 2 to 6 y6. Th. "rU' " *d*uo" to,,ti, U*Ltuouch in shotuing th. me las !6dhg b rlE Aud:lor
lD E!
's.
poriric.l wir of
rlr
publ'c thc
Atud co,*ft*.
Ndio.d AsDbly's Public Ac@wt5
ed by rh. Audito.
E $ fi
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r *tigt.
Ih. Ao
e;
n 6 D o tt o o
E I $ fi e E I fr S
i, nBl pcsqted
di$u3ioi b ila
ud
th AG,
*heE
th
volkinss
a a p
kl
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C"*--, *
Asbly,
rviewd.
rhc iaec
h it! cuMt
&, &t
o o o E g o g
(I
G
d.m!flrr or tim.
d!ti6
to
addB all
sc
titu),
da6
of
.r* -bnined lo Pdlidd 'n s nh.lj mdd .dbl. rimcly &d 'n.-, *rro*u* *tio0. Howe\er. rhe wo'rorde Ac or6e 6$,u l&'n8 major
^"au
@6udnE. !i6r. rhe Ac is stilt
c tg
lll
g
E
E [ 6 E
sppendaS.
ill
rhe
-"ir"a.
rlF
',sti AG!
E g
o o g
"g oo"Ets
Str i{"tolry
offie !.dviriq.
able
10
The AG's
offia
is
ulrbL
to
@q
rte
o o EI o n
FI
ts #t
EI
in
Tt'. PAC of th. Nalion l Alsbbly of P|kiela! is @t chrircd by
th. OpFsiti@. 'fte cl)@l PAC,
a
mmbd of
s
E
*tic[
b @mpos.d of
12
t]mb.6,
witb 2
fmb.6
my
tu
faimss of the
o o tat
pIM$, bul i5 al$ dplaimd bt lle *idc 23 @jdity ot th. Frty b powr, dr
composition of lhe
comilc
beiDg
tho
Thc PAC
hs
lalely shom
Il.
liitcd widt
aied
cwnr
PAC hB mel
mE neqully fie i!
lbe ps1'31,
ed ha
bcn ablc
! nor
s
timely
lfu*
thcir
s g g 6 o o o o o o o o o m
E 6 o o t'l o D o o o o o
E
frt
is
ilf6ing.ifici@cy
rcrl avaibbili9 ofia
of orc AG
about the
nobd
to
s*.
r?
Nombr ol
nc.liigs
htd by ,16
PAcl
3
31
199G93
Jut1997-0*1993
rsorr
(M. Nrw Sharirs 1' Phe) lM6. B.ndn Ahdb. 2ft Ph.*l
(Mr.
Comm'li.o,
st tlt
rt
ff*** E so
I
Sti/ <lldr....y
qdg9
or
3n*oa
s,,.s Ei
E
E S
fr ed F S i,' ,rr. r.A. Ho*cvd. th. bdtins! or lh. PAC N nor opco.d ro tb. pubLc. which E
@at
od
\qq .cdviri6
PAc
I
E
B
h6 ale
been
6C o"derro iniom
kktiviry
plDc*'i.
$e
Thc pAC
previdB.Lbo!r.
-*E
publici*d in th pr6s
rescr or$edebaks
cs ou
EC
of rbe idomation
prclided.
ba deci&d !o
pubhsh
inrenm B E pol15, which would his) igh1 impoidr @es, iBread of waiiine for the y@ly E fr $ ondratm oreport' Th. 'nGrin tDon @ widety puuicisd, *hjch shoutd be a E $ o* a""*, r.. -^*on, ard would hlp !o sElli! a.rior wo ir rhe @mposnion E OEor$. Pac, hdsed 6 6l
In oider ro iDcrca. ils efficie0cy. th. PAc
EE os
$
E
{m E ",.*". poinrs). rhr PAc meer\ ane,.v.ry z.l nonlhi ro Evis sB or Ei E '-0".-"*" lhe PAc hotG &@urabl. the om*, * s*rov esp"*'rr. r"' fr $
r,
o. ruui.s
t,uow-up
kc
r'r
*rim
fr
6
E
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iollow'ne up
!o
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srscn
ir
** o-***
rhe
iF.d,neis wtr
whrh fr
E
$rr*r*r.*.ror"ronoooEsiduoo6Ito*rn*tE
EE eE
(poG o,
Ac
roltow.up.
ffi
Srd <l,a.b'.|.r
3.-.r..o
beme ilcMirgly
ha
yer
vocal,
dy hsjngfu &tion
to
be
nlcr
6I
FI
i5
EI
CEtd in
investigaie
1975,
the aurhoiry to
i.lriruc dd
rhe
c6*of
6 o
m
RI
L-l
ouisidding
lo.s
aom
major
nalpBclic., comptioa
ft.
FIA
of charss of @mprior
or bribery agaiNr
Ii h6
tbe
ed
d(trllhrs
udo
i!@m*
dd a
such, is
esweabl. &d &@ut ble to ['is padicutd Minjitry. Ev.n though r[e FIA slaff
clai$
rhal
i! tc@
of
of
in the inv.niSatiod is
pue3ss
p@n
ofpolirical appoinreB
ro
inc@
ed il'. nMbr
of sp@iali*d
nllw
of @@Dic
6in6
Fq!i@ sFcialistl (or xpert! in tben om 6.lds, e.s., beting, audiing, curront
ri
rt b jnrem.rly
allegedly innibir
jGffii:d by drr oto inhmrss.ibndism in rhe pB ThasuH nmbE of 'l. PAC io di.lc. iiioindid tr.t @utd .frsrr"(rs b6 tE
6ffi60nffi66060n 6
s @
6 6
g
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*htrh eo belond $e police wolk. lhe
.slil <Uibr.t.t
e.r*o..
ll4
is
onoomo00mooer gFl lu o
Ei
allos.d lo @nu(t ftom cilit rNice ro
tlt
fa!
$ $
.* -a *de public imeresr The frr lhd ths sEf s brcushr n on 'o *p'",i". ,na chos by lb. rotuor may d$ i4 qusoa a Fs.rds ,rs
,*"s,r'." ,"
Tt'. FIA
dc
mr publish
d'
stltisris
or
rhe
nllw ad
typ
of
clg
$
$
i"*.,ie""a.
it tii E! c e
a
til
EI
e s ri
*
y6.
.,o
o*"lop.d
El .tu-r ro see*r "'d cce poLocst opporenb or crvit seddr! $ar $ec pee^ed E E lo b disloyol !o rlE pdty in powcr. such o abe ofrh. in ritdiotr hls ouidrably $ *"n ned * .*ou'ry ad &bmmr or thc nA.
eovtuG r
pokr
h,ve usd
tlr
Fra
tu
6 p
EI
1|!
s g
I
Th Elctiotr
n
f! 6 B $ o
E E $ E [!
--0.*o ".,,o *
onn
Miar.d
with r,autl
p@$,s
v'ra rhrcugi
'.n-r*1.* "r-"*[ins
@mp'b0 E
ro
@npnor Orcof
ln
m6
uF @mpaicn
in
@ ch.s
n..dd for
E.l6on
Bd
abit,rv @
o t p a n s n g o EI p o p o o o
|'l
t:I
*rr"." r"*
'lowourdr
woElotrods
onevil'l
ne4
iltlo
"t--r'tm
otd d:tad
[F el6blal praq
uiDs tuy
llfu
!o
o o
EI
win eledioB rhcludinc bulng nor ody \ores bu ole eteroEt ofiici.ts) bq6e
8-n
po$e,.
ra@6@biLu6bb.@]$deUfu6,of
c g o c
OJ
wo|mgouooo
tu tg
ffino60ffiffio
.@ulabiliiy is
neded
.9r/ letrrery
e.-A.6
e
indepeior eleioEt
ooc|oof,cntodE!3o081 g
@@ision. Illn
lor of
in ilE fofr of
o EI |!.l s
o o p t'l g a
FI
@@s [ud!
kcbdc.l, dd
a@ial ind
rai.ing.
cst
d anr
fie
h'daort
which
govffi
Ihe Eletion
o
EI
r]
L!s.
nE ht@io! Comi$ioD's @a of
is
F[
ctotr
Tbe
is
howlg 6trfn
d ro lgisl.dre
eledoN - *ti.h
obviostt
slott@biDg -.
1h.
rspdt
md fair eleciioN
cedi.lar's
in tn. @nduct
of
Ihe
to be found
ir
od 6i, Howvd,
dd
dd
honest
dd dd) ed is subj.d
ro
this stoi4oming,
dd
admits that
!o
in my
ce,
and alrbugh
ir is thc trtudal! of
the El..rios
Comjsio6
cbat
g o H o EI o o QT o
g E a E
u tlt o tg g s o o o o o o g
t".)
Ho*Er,
h.ve
for thc
t9?
lcgistatiE
.Lcri6
(rhc
ldd
10
d5.),
ptovisiou
ba
govtuenr AGFfoE
ir fo@ elmoE}
tsl./ cudnr...r
e.i*G.
luding
lnn[rlln|onormoo o
E
a 'd..ldtion ed
oath'
ill .
nor
d dy
liabil
be
l@ d.fdrlkr,
o. ha cEded
i.xes'ra. A
slal@. of
null als
fl
e, !o ffijul
.lepndot childr.n
od
0 o o o o o o n
tfl tit
deFnd@l paMts
nclosd,
llEs
Unfor$ercly,
pDvi3ios
lhcse
well-d6igD.d
@dpt
cedidlrs.
by rbe
rit
bdr v.d6.d
ComGsior ard
wr
q,hd
ihe
cubdy.
erdr
avanabb lo
dr
p.e$
roan obrain.d nEm 4y Dnx, fi.afri.t in.tturir, 6{pe.tiw !.o.ty d body, in hi: oM n.@ or h 016 Ere of hb .po$ or depeo<teit .ttitdcn d d.p.nd.nt psEnE or b$im.. @n6n mainly drFd by tr6 ,to6sid, HaiN unp.it tor moE lna. a
'r 1 'D
dpd.L
- to suoh lo. w3 Minn olf - 16'lhd hn or aly ol tD 6lo@id h. mdo .^y d6hu,r in msln6 or in paym6nt ol Gd.mmFt du4 and uftllv
o@n*.'
p6yMr
ol
br6s ld
Mr s'r
Sr,i/ <l{dx'.ry
o o E 6 o EI 6 o
E E
ldf,etmffiFnatrrffic e c H
g
ndully ir
rhc
e.^.t..o
.hiorrl d&
1986/198? ieprcsning
s EI
EI
i..i
vor6. rm mdhsnil6
sed
!o
udd
5 tI t} g
'r?:
l)
pla6
'
in their respelivc polling
ro re8is1d
ig
t!.'
2)
Atru.l Rdilio!
10
of
by rhe
E
El*tioN Comission
@h
e ta
E lrl
large
s t-!
e:
m
Ig
EI
l) 2)
c E o o
Sr,.l q{il!...t.r
nneffi
kld
J.-*o.o
ffisf,mmeooffi
thir volds or
6Ndr@ 5 in th.n
hddty pG3ibl.. and
ffi
iq
hde!..dc
public
,
tn
!@uls @ .
of
l<r
# q It q
tlt
l
EI
ii,
omcials. A &@, ovedappios qstqn of a.coubbiliry al$ lFqui6 th.l all-@jot gov@nts b@u, .gdci* dd minjsti* haw rh.n @outs Gguldly audited. To ondud Ince clEk,
o g
go@t
shodd
b.r d offe
of the &dilor
g*6t
&dirs on a Fiodic
o o o o llr
$d
widE
ofwonedoing.
fi s !u
Ibe
ftdicill SylLb
It is inLgml lo lhe
concpt of
rhould
F$6
viCposad i'dcFntledjudici,ry.
ard bM.h of
TIE
ru
able
ir th.
@urts for
tolr
Mt&r
nusr b.
do
in
in s@
fashior
rhe
@mon
IIn IE
of
powB
rhar a
b@ralha
e d@i$d
tl@Mbl*s.
govmed
tM
s wll
10
dy othq iNtiiution
in the
@eoy.
Public arlhjnist?iim
i!
srb.,@i io
*idiq.
Ite
for
o o o o o 6 o g o FI o 0 0 EI o o o g e 6 o
.9r/
siw
Q{rtrretry
e. *o..
Judicial
efin
lovtr. Litc
rhe
judicidy nust
ind.!..d@i if
o a
ld
L.l
dd
dfeqe
fl
ldel 66irtdt
wirh
vigNu
o,
pr..*. TtF
slatr
bas
nd
rhc $ppon
o
t
t2
s,stdr prof*iotr l
Miarios, le
A! hdQ.rd.nt Me M.dit
Rldio
govmo! gdaaly
Bn
fasu tn!
nrling
n4spa!6
a rclc
i,
inc&aine
awn$
of a.@hbbility
Englisbndg@g.
prs
in p.rticul& is cotuideEd
@s?.FB
h.
spoildic
!\r!ds
i!
ihe
pEs of
a!86
8ovcm.ni
in Crating favous,
Hokva,
Eporting
th@ is
a @ed
fidrq
a n@
@nlribule Io th.
cyli.is
of tbe srLBhip in
dy
cedibility.
sstiotulis
Srr/
doffin
b. r.noved,
e.r*&6
onooffinoffirffiori FI
o
EI
s o
6 o o 6 E o E 6 E a e n g s 6o o
Bu1lo Eally allow Ihe ncdia to nnfil ils ole ofMr.hdog, all delftDrs on ihe
rt o
GI
well
d dy
tu
Ho*ver,
oD
@ quite lo*.
|lI
&i
a t] tI
tlt
lcrls of pow. of rhe
6 fre a
tu
rhE
r*
iB
o fJ!
tgt
&!!!4fb!94l9sF!:
only rcrspa!F
e licosd
thd
to impon
d*pnnt
ebich
o s n
tm
conFoniss
al
r.J
6 6 c u e d' o c
lh.D
to bake
poft ir slling
to
6 tq o o I.I
E
P.id AdvcrriFp..r - IlE pnvat sctor suppli.s o.ly 10-15% of the advcniendL
AII
the
o
E
E!
thtuud lhe Ceni.6l Comision within the MiDsfy of Infomation. niis Co@ision lhd adldris
in
Coftl
b
nspapeE tllr
sybpa6.tic"
10
th
gov.mdt.
the
Sqq!4!s!-49n!!9!!.-esj!!!94!--E!di!.
wine.
on, which
obviouly Blricis
it5
cov@8..
[email protected] enbdked
on a sysiemlic
.dPaig! of
hesmrt
1998
b putn nes
Sul %e-,aty
@Fign .8.i!$ ihc Jdg Cnup of N.sp.tHs,
prblishi.g
Pakist
!!
Idg6t nespa!r
rc
oor
govelme4
noF @opetition,
grcup
led
hin to adopt
noc aggrsiv
p a tal
iii
HI ItJ
stard. Comequently, th
Jog
6 *d.d
wittt m Rs 2 btr
olGrltelmr of cirul.tio.
id bill b.cluf of .Iegd llx dsion dd fig@. For y6, |l*FFrs h!v. be su.pred of
th*
have
is a
el.ciive lpplialion
o o g o o g
i5
of
Pslisla
la$, noroDoNly
*erl. b
muzzl. ile
prs
cdito! of (hc EnsDita
|l u
v!l@lir.
scoi
or
foudi.d
eirhom
M !Gi.d
m
a
o g o
rek.
A BBC tel.vieion
ftw
b.for
then
AD idepadnt
rc 6di. b ttFfoG,
ed ptualidic pF$,
irfodltid
@mp!@
Without
a
te
rspaq.t
dd
is
mt posibL. ConrlUine
pnss that h.s the
cqui6
F*
$d
is
fie
nom ifiimi.ladd
n$dn!.
'sug
rs
to ilv.stig.lion
GvidqE of @mptiol! ad !
pB
rh.r
hs
4bFct
ro
aadf,nffioffiffio6[t H
3.^.1.8
n!f.i x !d Fofsionalilo to ei.* @eri@lis clsg6 b6d @ ey whisFr of mll..!,e. Tbis poi.l EqujEe dphlds bcl@ if ih. Fris ir @sr!trdy
naluity,
aruing
For
disdii irll ud
o n o o o o o o o
H
EI
ti)
Ft
IMy
nd.d
.M
if
cliotle for
t!.dd disi.
Iw6lta1irc
!!$l!g
thd few
e{u!6Fs !d !ug&i6
o o o o o It
tll
ril
o u u o E o
oootrru
St,/ <l{d'.'.t.y
G.v@htrl Org.li' r.oo
3.-.t"rt
i!
civil
No.
c t!;
wi.ty
buildinS
n*
pmcties of gmd
govmcc, A v&i.ty
of civic
[email protected] alsiariom,
modtoriag grenps
to
F 3l rt g
# g
E[
hme
nghrs SrotrpFhay
fom
coalition
inprore
govhae,
Co.sfaids
lil p E
FI
tar
ir
b.en
irlcn io
,Bdr
NCOS
pmes fo,
NCOS rcqdes
6d
Ei q o a
l9l
uu tlri
csjsrlrid
if tr
obje.rivc of
t.
NcO is
o e
rhich
should be
d.,
abus
-,
di$loe
rheir
@nslirliv. ac!
u g
ed
$u
benfirins
10
s p
o
E E tit
E
sD.
lacl
9@ liE b c@rc
NCOS io
pbnolc itEir
ou
intercst.
Blt
they
ne clqen{y
used
b h@s
NCOS considered
$c poF. Hene,
i.
ci
g H o o
t'J
c o
o
E
G
EI
EI
00nd{roffiiroooaooHugldofr
Ig
ea60cFe[ffirem60
e.-.td.
rt
EI
Connin.sr36 Pddtet. rhe eorcmdq with rhc .elabrbhmmi of fie Knidmt comineq ha
A chsllnge to itrdpedert NCO8: th Ktidnat
o o
E
fri
psrrs B dd iltegal hoveDcnq od s a vay ofrakins w ihc nDctioN ofFdly ind.pddor i{ fr 'Od Apdl t3rb, tc98,.be ptune Milinq d@@ '.d rhc f(l@rion ot KhidDll ';l F comirlas: o,d tooo p@N piedom@dy betolgi!8 b pML,r.n 1r*r*, ,usliD $
in
o'gd*d
de eaor of flvil
*irv
*rEr is d6dib.d by
irs oppormts
Ncos.
cblpl
- or s,rnlatheric
loq.r& il
,trrr
wc
in luct d
d*t&.d objetik
ro
"en or @drtior
Ex prime
*"*.
lin.
to
""*
rrelast
d ro
'Nid
Evolutior'
b.vc be' orsdis.d ar Tchsir
comirlees fi g
B E
rr* @mjrs
@tion
'- ^
t6i for CEd. 176? tcv.t
E
H
Dtr3onkv.rrh'ushou,p.ki$dl**."*.*111,"#:,iT.J
lsrin$
the
E tFa.iie of.dnini5rrdo!
up to
cErt
sE
olov.. they
lbte io
-ed.Ercovrmd
,nd
I
H
E=-E
* RdE
I Panie. ft.y baE al.scd trar rlE prtist n M6[E LelgE .p\'ll, rM H **.w.wo* r,.* r".. ,*jEd b vicrDe pubtrc sqe MoE dpoi&dy. $
on o,. papr
of
OppGirion g E H E
dm6nd
ns,tu!!.,s,.m.bd
bv
Erort
.et
E **ginrrrr*rusomuou&{trunutttu*rur*r*t*u*r,
H E
.Sli/ <l{itr.r.l.y
3.-*e.
@trnict
T***"H
*ith qistins las. Fq dldpte
ie
the KhidNr
C@nin6
in
|n*
lhe
CiiniMl
Plcnu..
Simildly, th.
poq
of
eco@ding sulp.nsid
of
dy otrciat ir agaiisl
o o o o o |in
frl
FI
{i.l
E
tg
lpirir oI dc Civil
Sddts
ed partitu qigi6
hav
otol
@nuFion," (Kltftbt)
hs ih. n s3
to piaent
son Nco3
u o EI o o
of
ro
iDdion.
oM id@srs,
or thos
ir ha uy
islitntd wys
ro
chek
10
ncit plog,tm6
with ih. govcmenr, Tltis GFicrion obviouly affcrs the i.ttep4ddce of lhe
NCOS.
ft.
NCO agcnd4
agenda
ha @6dy
volvd
towd isEs
of citizcship, Bur
M* e
beitrg
t@y,
shoM by th
TmpaMcy Incmariomt.
R.tusing ro Ec.iv
govmenl
mo@y, which
dly
ildepod.n! n b6
do.s'i slow
it ro .b
!eh.
6ffiO60ffiffinCI
ThcG
Sle/ q{dx'.t
e.a*.to soooodoooo6noouE n
se$fu erio againsl cosuprion by oredied
ituple
of the Citim
poli@
e $m
c,mpt6 of
s s E!
E
EI
od
dmo.strarcd by the
Fl
ili
p
{iI
F: &: &i
e nn
ig Iti
s {at
E
o
EI
s g o o g
to
lcJ
o o EI e g o e a u
t!, pl ttj
s s o
E
nt
EHOOn06offi
0 GI o
Sl'/ qld{r...y
g g
e.-,'"
6 g e 6 o ta 6 g g o EI 6 s e o g o 6 @ 6
Chapter I
II
Clomptior works
rc
srop
it nom b.coning e
lorS
self,Frp.tulins
n polery
o
FI
ndws wil
til
tga
Enain ictraturt
s thft
$.
major
solM of
@mprion
ht ti) t!;
tlJ
0r
a 6 o 6t
lends
ad nepolbb
tu c o |:I
a s c e E o
o
$hole ad
rend !o
fld
gEd mo4
h6
th
p6pl., Il na ben
fi ffi
E E g
EI
in the d.v.loping
scidi6. tt hd b.cd
mcnhl
addirion.
nwb.6
o o o
ff o
&t
tlu
E ltt
ned.
be dcvot6
engcndes
tu
jfrrioDd
od ilmoEl lln
mtridisD in lhe world roday. Be@w of ilE daline ot sDirinEl id.ats. mllrialism
hG be@me the seutd rcligion of no<lm
Dost of hs tinc
i.
nfrnnoooooo0
ffinffi s
o E n d a E e g ts 6 o e
E
e.-th...
s g
I' nulliply
his
slith ir
rba!
blek-IMt
ring
pDiieeilg
snd
ir
*jd.spFd
b..ie
popl
s rl
f.I
EI PI EI
|5t
F:
ca6
I o
y trying ro
sisft
Ifa
thn
ilsdirble etlcd.
tr
e o
dev.loping eci.1y is to h
seastul b
irs
p E g
6t
ffi
mcr
tat
Ei
ddon
of powr, &.1
il
is
ir
lnc @idoB of
dipp.ry. Powr
h.rds of
e
rhe
o o o
dd
let
gdb mney,
and
thal norcy
wE
6 wrt
spend
hoaly
!d
thc buMerdts,
Th.y lty
10
kDw lheir hobbi$, then redr dd the la!66 of tbir ch@ter ed lhe.
or a
hiNlt
Dcs
listni4
lo the
lpplae
eN
erd Ehrivs
10
bem.
all
bsircs pah6? In
.lse,
Im di.ry
of tbe
buillsd
is !o
dplc
Sri/ <l{ibslt
IO[[II
e.r*...
ed
rhe
lcotoooudoonin
vdity of
rhc poliricio!,
@D6
of
tion
disbo&'l
ed Uadpuloa
hjr
grds|
bBin6"-""
les
sEn,
the
lhd.
He
ale racKe
d ofiicq
who is not
a
dishon sl bul is
paped lo kill
@trFioc.
throuSh
F6@aliarion. Ccn.rrlly,
low
hiNll
by $yitrg lhr! a
ro
sldl
bsillcssl'lF5
ill-goten
lhe
norally
be
injftd
coNcimce by
ilinriry
Fobtdi
of
mfott ad luury.
grewrh
Tho$
eio
w i! such nef&iou
bsitFsd
nor
o. favos fiom
lhe
politicid
or rhc
laxs, pracric. ho&ding, chat rh. govcmdt of ils limited forcign .xch&ges
boed
sill
gov.m.
.ffons for
aubjcted to
sior
ons
ds Gd
ro be w.rchcd
cetully. fte il ir
rcmctjme
sultL
tli6c'
*r.h
$em ed-
h{d.d-
IE
hinId money
flos
indiErlt
tbrcWh th invkiblc
nr
rld
the b.ib.e
oogEcHrs
agffimrnnw-H
St"l Q{r-'ery
$ne b@crdls udrlilg,
who is crudc
e.-*c'o
by E plac$, at higb E
.i
Ef
ed seked. IT
Il i!, dr@forc!
lg
EI F:
E}
rod. 066
poq
rhc
bp of
d\e
rt
ti! tJ
FI
F:
d$diody
nlat!4
ard
*hG
i!
0 ta!
rhe ra|demy
dory
Bpouibilily
ro
ihe! subodi@tes.
S@h
d aitiMc
0 E o
t-'
ctu elsily
d*iw
hb enior dd
hG
t@. dd
sietis
Eurhoriry for
illicil
Ei
8ms.
Il ir eendlly poi .d
*ul
ued
hun
ur<len
subL.tuga
u 6 EI o o o o
E E u E
|n
by ofiicirls to hide
It
slos
tbal D@
cheg.
of sLu.tures
ud pbc.dB
woutd nor be
$ficior
!o
i!!od@
mo.at rerirude
ir
administration.
E
urno61
A ph.mnMon of the
signififfie in pakjnd is
rh
tek of b6taG
blelmric
poti.y
inpld.rting
srEtG, Ih.
ro bc
ro
n.d
lt
ihal
@ur.,
by
Efd, th.Efor,
n o u c o d
St
the dcsinbiliry of
ql,^t ...t v
e.-.t.8
ur!r rfich
nffio5oGroffiEffieoo o E o
'M-t&an@ric
Minine
the @ndirioN
ro
low mLF
,rogu
EI
djsiflce of a cffi
flouirh in
p.ri{&.
!' o F'
E
widlour coftslondi.s
segity
haw
5 r:
bllfuds
9gt i@ftiq
a u
&l
FI
ihn
c6rd
aid
d.
cls,
.ney
i!c6L!
b@w6tic inr.Gsrstarc,
qidily
|n i5
0e oaperfomce,
tbe
dE
ndr
to
@tuFioo .nd
ft
md.
H.ncc
bl@lt@y rcl
rh tray
9t
for n bu also
slads in
ofpotirit gb*rh
lb tedmcy of
o s o
o o o g 6
|lJ
u o ri tll o
t9
o to
*,.ty
or
. mjor sole of
indepnd.nr
id4
facdonins
dd.ey
urt*
*c6s
of 0E ioieresl
gbuF
tc'
dr legist.iws. b p&islan,
the goqrs
olio agai!$
ihe
b@k6rs
s s
g o n o rr
fr
&!
Iieien to @cu
@ secwly
undd
io
but!4Eric @nr!1,
tar
$.
diliciu p.rfodde
of
ninihq{.
wrkGs
lerislanc
in
pati$6 hs hn $e phtumoo.
nfoEer! by rhe
ws on thc
iarule boots
wE oRa @r wlt
b@ae@y.
weE able
Tte
pBdae
oI
cmptio
5 g o
oGHAO&iEelffi
s !t
1:1
e.-** noDEnoomooooofr
kE er\d
io
de'[email protected]@
t",'*.*
. E&9arv rtioD povids
hd* offiriats eedom l!tu dud6 q *ho serine u(lts ad Fm$ 6 wu s b 'o ""r* *
@nnihljon
ros
w
t.b
ro
E
H
H g
. .
l rb6ry r
tq
Lhe
.dvs..ed
ctrdive
lhc con Dt of
blE@dc
dnr
ald
6
H
ffi
ff
H El E
r. *r.g ,w"-bl"
"
sld Bpoajvc
Fopl.. ft !pFa6
rn
dFry *qrs
br rc
ont),
udr
spe,at c@dirim
lid !d dr
tonn l @don or
*6
{
l
.re|cd
ebly
tIfu
so ro.e
rr*
dE adniaisrzrio.
H poriricjrpo@. o. p.rit"l, @uEi.s rh. corc play s lG, ol. in h.ling keep ft "[email protected] H
rn ro
ae
ctuch io
rjv. $me
cotor
E
H H
g g
b@rcht
r*ulllh
i"
!o
dr
p@pre rhc
rn
.u't-"'r
o."".
.r ddr poer
pahjel
fibm fr
a<rminisrrarive ffi
Effi w6ofrnouo
epoNjble. co6 hAe play.d 'lE E ffi ddechivcporilic2rore. g F o.*.".' . s,on8 bu*kaq jn parjsld r4rd, ro inhjb the srcvr or E ". F srons potitical par6. tesBtanhx voruEry smanoB. @d oro poliftat insriruroB H E essd.l b qabh do*mrc sovemor sohe qpds E rhid( ttar @btors ov.r rE H bJMu&) e w.,{st in p.ritu tud $c rur or i,xi.fioE hlM(!ruic poq E # donlll,ees@'cJ rr pdrisrtu sutrd.m d.viq ftr porric,r g @!!or do @ exis !o E
r," n
cd&r
"r:."
,8noE
*.*
*, *.
b tep
bw(mb
Strr <U'rt-ary
e.-.Lo.o
nngf,nodoonson6
to mintmi%
to dE
bl@lqey dd
th. tiktihoo<t of
buolmdc
porticiporim ta
Ftriel aa*iemtilg.
is a
ponou!d rhral ,o
Itis tlust
is litely io b alsmi,s
if
o u
i5
Ir
pa&isa!
s@t
difrc'nly is
Maiabiliry
ols
is
lb
for
shin in
iko&ds
sial
@lm, $d
Bsive prcgm
in
pan
b Ede
goal sdring
at
eoal
ey mi b lloeed
of b(ulun y
io .ppDpri.re lb.
Fliicjt fibdio.
othr
itE
A surey of
i!
for
plbJl.a
rh.
vis-a_vis
Dotiiic.j
the
b@*@y sh s
l.gislrG,
q!t'
!'dt
oforjrg @utrbility
e vsr
dur ih.
jn @ndar
10
shpii@
oq
the
*onl$l!il. io t@tm.!|d
ad
!o atablish
rhat d.librar.
xDNion
'B@
io t
Ia
io cuiait bulrEraic
saaci6
for lbc
cof@nr
of a@@i.biliry.
contDl
.mdee ody
eld
,bow nD dtre6
bc
of
bl@l{@y
dDr is io .dquat ty
rsl. ltr , @
Fdu.d
by rryine io
.9 ql,at6..t v nf,ffios56dln5
nrle
lbe
3.r,,.E
rlc pcqle
bulllcey
moe
@r.blc
to
":_-*-E
!{
boih
Tlc
cmprid
nhd
aisis in rlE
b|@!.i.y @crs
$.I
t9
tud
Ur.
Lg. deisim
hibe da1
rbc
Ill ili
mal
iil
ilt
Er EI
iaJ
ir dcl&8.
for ".xpdning.
a
deision @ b.h.tf of d
cirja;
oploymot slb
for domesic
wie
g e o
ir!|
e
l
nise
of omcid
ruponj 6c orisimqi of
p6on
eihr
o p
F'
E
tll
F'
EI
,o
subsib lo thc't
viM.
de!
mors
o
i! p.kind b.c!E
be
IE
p@s
h.E
the
ber..
sd
FI
FI
I1
@esry sey
bu.auey
not
lhk @unny,
ords ed @llcciiig
Bdu
bur
eFlh
of adhi.i{.tiog d.reloPodtt
pubtic Fnicipadoo
Fs
o o o o o o o o p s
s c a
o o o a
peind.pddalc. oL
B.loof@ of&rlo.iry
@!n!fi @tkbortion
bteq
admioirhzlor, poliiiciu
wi
t'J
m lurhdilario ed @!|sarivc ir
E d for
E E
o 5
.sh.l qld..'.t.y
3.6*0,"
d\*lopn.tf pros*.
6 E n g e E E g
E
elicating public
coqmdo
brn
@bplrin lbat
ep6lre
H H
derelophdr in Senenl
i!
viral. nris
-g
ro
io potiii.rl
u g
6I
ih.
for
Cor@cit,
slroDg
p{kisr
o o a td o
r.t
bliLCinS
heolhy pdty
sr!r.r! MpoEive
@ public
rh
dd B!D6ibl.
hll!4Bi6
in PaHltatr
bhavioB,
ed .ficqiE nsrai,E
.d6ri!d iL
!o
Fbm a dcmooatic
ste@int
ftd
y is gEai
u.qr.ined
of
gotlt'ft
al
rnft
toMdj
th. Foptc a
5w
gudi.$hiA
at bs1'
and disdliDfin
$prionty, .r
*mt
To
dy
stqtgdr
sa lb. bt@utEy.
.!doe
tij
s@iery's goals is
hoiit.
rtuEbly coi.nde
tuh sd
6nton
d by
rh.
ddo@ti.
covdnor
ia
E@ toda, dE bu@Esy
plkillar @rnitrB
ro
nDnopolia mon
pcili@ of
E'N FrHH00qosoHrffi
t5
agtroffi g00dsn0ognon
0 o o ts g g o a El o o p EI g EI o 6 o g u o 6 o o
L.da of i.dFd.nt w
judghar
of rhe blt
of infomalioo
!o
on rle
qFn
cs
!!@y
Keling $.
dpsi@
tL
w
last
tsb deadc
tE
j! viw,
a qu6lion thar
Iledbly
be
aslcd
is HN b<t @
bold
irninislio @ul!bl.
tr iMiiiviry
of
?
!y inquiinS
Ilt. predoniEltty
blw givd ri$
nol
si6
t"amrk
ldrrs.d @uui6
srld
wih
s Llt
aljffi
hug.
io
copine
E g
o g o m 6 E o
EI
nit
pakjsllr, @ atrold io
isnoE
wnno intrirg
Although it
16
to rh.
sli.lsiry
of iE
adniri*lriol
0 g E s N'
E g
ha
sued
gigetic popodioB
ir k
ys b p*isld,
CDutd rcw
lhe
pbbld it*lf
fn tob bdi.s
bd
tqhly dir@lqd tr
b. dE
mjd
g
E g
Ei
ill
dpi6
io be rcogiizd
s,,modd'drd
"cnlightened.,
ill
el
reli@ of rlc
go@r
is mw
dpcr.d lo di
!i!
r*
di
&l
EI EI
sicg,
@ b. [email protected] dd
bt
rngetul insr@d of sie, lnu.s iNkad of vigobu, dret iNtdd of updsht. ftal is d cl *ny nrl6 haw bcn Elrcr.at ro 6.6& @rdroled disrlri@ i! bl@,*"y. A o o d q g io rh. p@ple &d to @Er irs fif.gu.dila ciIi4 .gritrs lh. o ao4gogoooffs006ffi ...tt -'e 'r.p..q,tb 116.
g s g o B E g G u o E a B 0
D g
.sha q{dr.r.t.y
3.-.r.."
giwn lop pnoniy
be the
*ru
s
o,
H
!-l "g
Ei
idi6yn<
6EJ
of adhinisraroE is Dow
8olmots ed $e h.ad!
fi.
States
in theit
pbgt"r
of adminiltr*iv
oppl6m. Ud*, th. n!6 d.ci& io igllG b@umtic dBpotism, &ey c@oq in a d.nrl)@y, aflord b dislEM qiih e lnnitutio.ali4d syst m for 6e edB of F.plds gi*eB, GjB@. pm.dws @
@rojd@d
I9
it ia
|ll
n!
Miid
eqt
bctw
the ir
indiwjbla
Everyore,
g tcl a u
&I
EI
pMtt, shc
ard
a $iorifi inteEsr in
pbnoling efferive taw of public ldminisbiidq lh. g0rm6 sd rlE Sovdnd alite
b.nent
ton dvi6
rhat
pEvd hn @l!m@.
o o E} g o in o g o o 6 El o o o o E o
E
ffi
sl
ed etrdEt
n@ily
i@ryou16
a srs-teo io
Dtu
io tea,
plblic adnioisr*ion @owlabl to ihe p6pl. The p6ple b the pst dighi hale
$ouetn
lo Bisr
qfail]B
d th. hd& of
$. bl@kBrs
Bur now
t'e @nnituli@ of Ddy autriB allow rhcn to.nd.Dse dsporic deisj@ ittroud elaboEte grievoe prcedw, Ihe cohplaimts @ rh;by giv.n the opris 10 carry
c a
{l g g
tg
sih a f* i.ddq of griev@ hording n*heis, *tich @ $ggesr wrs rb ootuor of pdlislaD
th.y impticjre. I harc
fti&t
ltj
veu advised
ro rake.
o 6 g
offinnnnffinoffin
oooGtucl o o o b DuinS the pdod ofnitirr,y dictoioBhip ir 6 o both t poliliel &d r.dbioilr.riE f&d6 h o rl mtu fo. ihen nrdd.ntation so ihlt the enqgne of qu!,b@almlic iGritu$on l KI p u fd the @rt$t of buEEtuy lw c@idaul re6sary_ ft. bo,[email protected] 'r4 EI p tound it onv@iftr to have qawv.
e5y acc.s
rc,
.shl q{i|'.'..ry
rlF chif
sho ws
mftted by.
and
cliq@ ofxeptionslty
porstut brw&qat, It I
in
io
pB.il
deutiE i! [Ei.
sruggl
ad
d.te@iiarion
ABtllie
adDinistltiv
pokr
io
6h-r
lbsE
I. dilg
dEir
c@fort
Thc
@Gql&lB
9w
rh.
si.ly.
wl|.rlFr
or nol a
b@uey h
rc1
be subjdld
trfu
d.pcnttj e@
mq
oi
rhe
srsgl|
of rb.
dr! b|E@itic
d.
goops, hd
0F avolrd
eEoti6 ad gpod*il
of rlE
covem6.
Cl@ly
bL
of
b. eqErad
*ftt d@drdc
onty
dev.lopnd
a
in Pa*i!t!n.
oc.s
ifE
tind
bulledy
itlcBirlgty a@@tauq
inptemr{io
of policie
fomulalcd by
D6orn4
isiirudor odrid.
!!M,
polirical deElopmc
Filt
oficialr
a
Yer tn re is do
Easlo 4!im
dlar
flll.
sr:lm of
@btability- b e fu B
Imvid.
lhey Gx@j*
lby
rlet !r ro
!!eB
fo. ih.
adim
ratc.
Wld fRt
3.^.1... n&moonoo0E0000 g
*N
of 16 dd
t5
F
lEplc su! officials fct !
dp
r!6.
Thcymy,
tlr@foE, ei0!6
st
to pFmt
simil& ro th.e of $e
n o o o o g
ttl
m
OnbudM
duli* oI
of nay Dale etrorts to bring rh. @ftefl ido die.puL by sigDire the
Onbldsl@ to
. lrllt@tsr Fm
lhis poid of
viw it
the
is possible
tEt
suErEi ditr@Crarion
@uld rs}
iieiolioc
for loliiicd
q@is cftcriw
6 u o o
&I
tii
The first
rhe
insituioB of
govlmein
is
irflEE
d by d!.
advc*
!o
aniDd. !o
dR
inditutioA of
i5 @r
ltowd
ro
6is1
e GI tl 0 s 0 o o o o p
Dositid
tann
The
covme ha in vi.w
of
fm 6 nulu
dpqri* o difeHr
d tuFiaE
of
a
of tEporuibitity aloui
rh. hotdi4 of a
goturrl&t5.
p$lic neailg,
but they .lo nol
A
aL
l.!q
ro a
@sFF,
rh.
Fbtic.lio
p!4bL!
wnl
dplaia
d lle mi of BpoBible @iior plonoi.d by Ih ribuDts ad ih. Omhltsra Tbc plee of iBiin)rion l nreG of @un!l ir' r.iN lh. hG&1tjr Bposibility
\l'icL
to
bis
*in.
.St
nnnfloooooEE6f,
lr
ad^Ciiion !o the
<U{b.....!
at.-^@
ofre
Ombrdtu! it nuy
lnaoffigffiof,n06
of
be desnrbb ro
iatinrr
!o thc
Fovidi.l
High CoiEts
safd .rd
to 6joy t[e
Dod@ @mof
wirh
qui9 qatiry
!d.rtcing
rjl
Ei
&t
po*E
tuedid.
rt
I!
sh e
dt
Act
wuld &quiF
rh deDdrnents
Fsnr suld .Uow wh F$B to pcsr irfodnfi@ ald deuMrs and wdd p<mn c[.na io Epr6. 6.n 6 dloue! rbc @uns.l. Thc Ad would nol eoblc tt .dninj$!ro6 !o viollr dE plt]{s of law dd
of
suld .@uge
The Act
@ povitle
courtr
My
points of Lw, or
Ar
@tu1b prlouleaie & qeuivc ddd cFdirg dE P6i.!.nti.l Coodlins .nd .{clid
Comisioi
pupcc of ln.
omarid truld
the
b io
dFdiL ldie
on
ohplaina @ived by
of ih.
o6e
of d'e
pcidot .gliat
I)I,IE
in $4icb the
omci.ls
d*utiv. d.pat'@rs
fla
by
Lw -ft.
nrexoEHofieffio6rnn
.strl q{rlr.'...y
w*"*ffi
sovdlenrsieneBFBircrod.
H
Ir
stecific t
fts,
ft
6
FI
EI I!.l
it$lf oi
c.e
olher appoprisr
d.Frrers b
for
eiion io
til H
$c deFnndt
@M.d 6y @d'irt e
n should bc rbe
rhlr jusrica
10
my
tlE cffici.fr
obsed Fudld
on ihe
ddy of th.
Comisio
o o o o
inplmddion
trcie@y of
of
govml !!@6
th.
.Lsigned to inplov
tr
public
sie
b
&d
the
go!.m6t p.M@!.
qcdive be&h
of
th.
go\lleir my
lsl|fu
b
and
10
@{Fdlion io tlE
rcniml. e
official
of elEry deFitndt
tuy
Equied
@mision
P6ideft
to
slFuld
hlw f&iliri6
dp&tuat Qulift
had
{ho
prcble$ lo
i* rp with eownment
lgailsl 6n suFrior
but
sbl&e
of
b. out d rhmtgh a
the
ld
tD donynoE Fidon
b$d on
fa.t!
the
cs
!p dd &cd upor
e.6.tc6 ooeoaffioa0ooo0rr gl o u o Ihc ql.sion.nd Efinencr of pqtiddra.y @tuml, oor po\b ro 6. 11 o omc. ofombdm&, de d.blsnhdr ofadniDisr.adv. trib@ats, q
thc appoinoDe.i
St'J q{do'.t.y
of
Admirisrradve
Righ6
i.,t
Ill D
all be valuable
lhe ecourabitiry
fl u
EI
EI
de the i4ponlnt
ne6
fiod
b@ucnlic d6poris.
!l!
trI
elrsrc closiblr
In rh. ddelopitrs
n<ded iflhc erhic.l In
si.9
pcsr
dly S.ltoping
odFio,
is lo be miiimized, tt h,rs
b a
g.nml
EuiseF s
o H o tal 6
s o
o |iI
notied lhat
ir a gole@dl
agacy when m
he has
ev6al @nsidfrtioB in
mind_
IiE! h. rbiDls
@Ilecd.
Doca rh.
in{unijal individuat
tlE
rhc
otrer ha!
hihel?
In Bsoce, cotupflon
n adrninhrriion
sl@
out of
itrterplay of
su@s or a nohl rcfom in adDjnist arioA it wuld be eiioriat ro tud saf.ge{i agai l tbe .vil pop.Niri* ofitr* fado6.
o&uor45&ruoffi)Ecuiq
Str/ .l{ls*y
e.^.1@
is
ssoriat to cEate
s clinat of prebily
hoBry
rccdr lo
msw .ffecrive. h h3s b@D ncntioncd rbar l[. sprld ot @mlnion bs produccd a ds of..nidt[e ne. who like pret*sional @rcthakm e ltways slrivinS ro bring rhc bribr &d rhe
lot of a llw other matr.rs which Muld
o 6t
ri u p
FI FI
lr|erion.
Th.y @ articd.le,
tg
F)
ls
o o
I'l
itmw
lavish
pani6
al nhich prcsFctiv.
deals, In
'hoe
aadeB'
but
percenl'.
l.
kind. of
lhs.
sdo6
If thc
dd
@mprjon
tas
Soing ro bc
0h gov.md
nur
put
i!
of
tial @n.d
mo.g ob6e@
Ih* is a geddi @sens ard &DiFi5 dDr rh. AnislDE rr 6!r e ftr.d our ro rb ,eu5.d
.follmdt
ina.hirely is v.ry de&ciirc.
laboriou
dD1
rlF
oifiG grdpl.
ortolnDilics
to
qfti* i te@
lh pani6
@e
long
dnM thil
6nla.d l@
wi!6c
$cces is a.liwed h
th.
e.-4.*
*
js
h rL adninilr{i@
otr4 e
mr
gor@r
llen @n6.h@
otrcd i6ide
1h.
sii@mFim dFrrMr
r.i(c bribs
even
.vid.@. h is
not
sior otr6
of
&ti@prion
agwi6
eu$d
of
n l-pEti6.
vcry
The d.velopilg
sictiB e
the
pubtic opilioo,
o o
I'l g
ed lhis sioBly
hdpd
.limirdlior of codptio!. It
@y
be,
scarcd
polidcis ed adDiiisihto6,
lhe
!dv;
nidtn@- ThfoE, f6
opiniotr is a very
6onl
hedrh of s
eci.t
outcrsle, a
lten
to b|i.rc rhat
sh e
wt
@tupIb4 th.y
nal
sial
@riotr. lrw
..follmdr
ofi6
ces
bave
oio
@mplaind tb!.
by th. @n
.@F6rion of rld
public. P@plc
hou
of compion io public
lif. dd
be
would very
lely
prcvide tiinely
ed rcl@l
iD{omatio..
This.d.qucy.d
rDedicd ard
.sErffi
The rich
goanlly
sd
tho
to
ecept bnbe
6lcgitih.t instMot
altd if em legsl or
ShJ <l{d!.'..,y
nn0fFooffi6n
uy.
thcy
9.r.h...
@dpr
be
thy
cml
o E o o n
tll
evd
rh
ninimm of
then ne.dr in
c E
*61
mlf
lhird
elding
with ohich h!
IE
ndbq
of thc @rs?i@y G
fl &l g
til
rit
IE
,!r)
sd
of
hMe
lh.
cb@G. panicul&ly if it
is
ir .xce
pEsslB vo *h6
he is @nvircd rb!1
dqmds
good.
to qhich
lt
is
swudcd
by
nonl
fonificarioa.
slrenSih of
Io
d.hiev
tLt qd,
a $cicty wilt
p@plc
cb{cl{
o o n 0 o o o n p o o g n n 6 o o o o o d
E[
Ste/ <l{rro/&y
BIBILIOGRAPHY
AdE Abdd Hznrl i^"l" l:rld r. tV:i A. AdnhkhdE 9rfi On.i., t96l),
-Vrrr
Of A.tnhtaiddr tn
p*bn
Ath.d,
M, {lne "Roh
hE,
196+),
Ar'med
of HbhdcM 9Mnu
tit
EI IlJ
ln
6rd
UniEEty
Ar., l96t).
Peft Of 3dr$ Adrihtedon In p*kr tud Indtr: A Stud, In BUteE k Aun!&4, (16 A.SLr, Kdf(htr, Untstry ot Sd|hm Cj!tohh, 965, UnqDtrhed D6d*! Dkrdddr
i5
o Adrs, R-W. (CdnpLte Enpby* A H&dboo( tor kmnndAppEk l,. flmdr. p!bd. o AdmhBfidw Se6lcet. o s "AffirtordF tutbofr Cdmiddr naar ot dE sody Ra d p.nobd s alfnhlfrdoo (Pe|5md ptrmti& sEfihr ot public 54@ und.rotdrs And peMnd mDgeno0". Nd D.6L tt n4.r Of puHkrdd!, 196t. 6 o E " ftr'g@ rfPB-qmqll r4o.r d pdsls NGw h.rt o MaE E OtAlbliodo6, I9a9, ^dnrird6,. o q ApDkby tupd! 'tuHlc Adnhteiton tn tndr,. t Aulhf- M.G lebl Pjy<nolostet pol.? c.nupdon". o "A Appoch To fte tody g Unpunuo.d Tithhae fiortdr Sou Untudtd. o 8lau,P.cJ Ti. DrMi6 g oI &Ekr*F . tody ot InEp.BnrI t.l|.,oilhtpd h Tm ", aMm|Md orpnbdonr', Unbedry Of Okrso p6, 961. o
Oa Papr.
|
s p
E
EI
fr F
o tri |lr
o E[ n FI a o
rn
B!*.r!
tnnc& W. aTrE
t*, tiHfti,.ilfl.,
8iner,
i$frlon
ft
saroro$,
or codp&.,.
sodorosrol
3.lg.r, He6.rr, "'The InwrtSadon And ptuaudon or pole Coflp&n,. J@mj or Crinh.l L{ .nd Othtnotory, 197a.
nrtu
Crr
CmDdo.:"
Sody
ftscd
Ar
.sl,/ qld'.'...y
e.^.tc*
EI
u
GI
Vot,LVl ,No,2.5pRtNG,959,
rdn4
srunc
iJ
E!
f,, o1 F.r-n3 gen " -.!'"rdol er,|lhnMr dvdd. p!b& rdnffirdon e;(h;; tHrnrba* olrM dvtln, ^dnhbirv. t967),
tDdhn Clvt
5 e
L si,,th.
Buta,
lc.'TtE
Ovjt 5
{a l. p.t&r
s p
2tr S.prdbs,
3e4
c. -Th.
(Ldldcr. |,6a1.
p #I u
EI
F.:
AEkn
Sod.r,.
lc!lo.!.c I e4r.
Ob,4 | %Sl.
To
s.n4.6In IndL,,
rh,
D.lht,
orl6r
ldxtu,
ornrqF-y-.
or
t.
(chbsor l9s5).
Revr'd
ig ig
tl
E ii:
PtJ;T1?'?:5:
&BEq'
.-wffi*fiilffi,gffi,*ffi#ffi
Sd|d Ardoi {rdroij: re65l
Ch.ldhry
s6,t
&f,
EI
M,rr,ln.
Ctir S.nte tn
Chlf,
o o o n
&!
crlitkyr
cohen,
lr,trr
a
S.n&e today,,
c
t;
|
Y;
.MiljT.
ot*,,1E1d;jJnp*
O'rouL &2h,.D!ft$tr
^F^rrUmir,95tt
Of
thi
-c_frni or
In
th. !ftd1
chdt
s.nk
EI
EI
CdnFC. (ld|dqr
h.d..
Ot
E
rn
Ghi[,
M:urke
w'r'nKr
a
6! ftt
EI EI
D&kl
6t
E.lo.roodm*o.s'f, o'nexu'Etrtsc*Hodtrt*rr"rrrE
Slrd <l{d!.r.&y
e"-.h4"
E&C
|3
E;
fa! iEi
LD..liN
h undnidd h& & 6n&hnd s "p.@ddB" n. nudr r.con !h$ Ery dory the dDhst pLced d Dubtk o(k. by ho htsh Enktng
rh.
ors
n u n
EI
Drk, H,L
uf6trPrw
& Ol
Of Htho
Chl
owErrd-,l-.n
E
t*
u,
Mn@o
prunr
. J, Arhilt!.ddr Ar! O6trtosrd. tn tqAyj:: Lsbdo.rl &*tE h A 5..tery,'(tmA(J\N.y, CoEt unisjry pr6) | 972
@ndt.h6,, In midn Mr6eB {cd). publk dEka Wlr,bird 4<.
t7
EI c
ri!
rdj
^o
tg
CciE1" trd4
{Lddoc t95a).
i-!
fllgo.
Edirn
!d
@prry,
"Prtn<btsd
I
966t,
p?srd M&:Srtur"
tlafuddu
(2id .d,
H
pi
Io
GI
Fer?F,,ldl.,'CM 5.nlc
Gbddm.gN."rhe
5Fh"
Of AdhhbadE
swle or
0{qE4r,"
(sopl6, r 956).
G
|!;
ta!
fi
fii
s |i!
tn
ta1
"'tuJ** #;ff ffit J*"ffi Jhs#hffi SJHtrifEi: :il%ffi ktr ffi ,,ii ,H;.ffiJffi ,,ffiJ Hr
,
ffi
Gq
tMnor,
offitm
of
prllun
pB
,9621,
c.."
t962
pn t.
u E p u
1.I
i5 H
KI EI
Govfur
Gdtlllmr
of,PiliEn,"t p.(_Of Th. pruddl Admkadw Comkdon 1160," rMEd: at)vtlmtu of prdq pB tt6ol.
or,p.td!.n.
o
rJt
|ffi"ff ;ffi,#ffi H $*
,?i
"fl
ffi
n 3ub.tds,
#i
tlj
r.j
fa!
6
i5
LA
oQegge|s|in5 orl
#,#ffi#gw***H
Su/ nlaco.tny
c G 6 c o
g o E e q o 6 o o o e o g
fr o o
E
G'd
5.ldDn.
c 6
EI
Or r@d In Advarctur" In l"lnim Krlerbr&oD.CttpD,rdG8,. Coul&.r, Al,ln,'P:@ft Ot IndBdd !u@qr&r," Nd yo|t Ory FRe pr.$.
G64...A.Gr.lDm:
cbdhr
ReDoE .n.
t"8@&o.q
AId Dddor
Md'r-
Vtewd F6n A
p:ht
pKten!
R.k
E g H
i5
[email protected], Ari. 'Spotkmen tud Reto@: OVt teffi. Rdm And p!b{. M6ntin,. Hd&nh.rw, Ardd 1., Ed. pofitut cotuprtoc Rodh!! r" cdpandv4 Aurylb! NR yqrtc HoE rheh.n ind wls;, t97o;ppr7;.
Hatd.r,S.t"Adnhlfrdt
J..cu.r E
fr
x
E
H
t .rrrbzdo. h p*rar.
oab:
ldd4
srh r@,
tru).
"l't?s|fut
cr R.eddnt,," (T.vrrod,
t956),
pE.
Maqtu{
tn tn
fi
L!1.
H
H
O!rt6."t@uosy
&tohj (L4j{iar
In
1955).
: TtEh sod.t
rfti., ,!tsw
Cvfl
S.tus
tu6Mr
l:0
ortlft|
&reddrt
E S
H
H
o o n E! o e o
@
E E
Komllm,
1.,&,H,,.,
"""-ff::"Tff;::;;ffi-T#""" Compdon,/
thn
N.'li.
MoEt
tLaftt: he
U& Of
Fd
To Coonbt
,rh. CMtJslce
of
Ovl[srr,,
o 0 @ o o o c o o 6 c 6
,4},
,'r.b
And
g
H H
Ei
Th. Gftl@n( Or hdla Sa@d:r Chan&:don ItJ7." {R.shr (f.hL Ntp^ tt6,t),
fLh
.rn.
tunrn*d@
itu, |,+rf. Inru* Or pbldot Fo@,. tn i, &lobt'E Publi. In Detoptn, counsk,, w.hfu.n D,c. !'fi
trrEdd,.
(Lddon, t
fn
H H
"* ^T'rffijl*Lfi5ff*&ro':
M.rr,,.rhn
a.tnrir'hron,'
|973.
mullqorusouooruur#l
Sut nlat..aey
Eos*{@@6el|offi. W c *o K**. .*- u6.n rri. and o,hE,. rer,r. ""t* 6 H. .A nory cr Coflpdotr,. Saiokd<j F.di.{, t96'.
H<Muthn,
.tu
H"^n
l&
of E&,oda.. N.*y!*
onra,
NVo,
fl.
"puuk
pas.d
o,
fi
s
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