Text I

The first ancient DNA to be gathered 3400 base pairs from a 2400-year-old Egyptian mummy were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be far more informative perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuks is the only published human genome. However, a team led by Svante Pabo and Ed Green at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, will soon publish the complete genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38.700 and 70.000 years ago. Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genome could be sequenced, says Willerslev. Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until less than 100.000 years ago. If well-preserved bones can be found, a genome might possible, Willerslev says. Willerslevs laboratory has just received bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis, the predecessor to Neanderthals. We are basically starting on it right now, he says. If these genomes ever materialize - and thats a big if - they could lead to a better understanding of how different hominid species are related, and when and where they are branched off. If the genetic information is good enough, it may tell us the nature of past peoples possibly even what they looked like. Ancient human genomes could give insights into the evolution of our own species, explaining when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skills emerged. But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually, they become too small to reassemble, and all information is lost. There seems to be a time horizon of 100.000 years or so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives , Green says. Steven Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led the wooly mammoth genome project, thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuks genome couldnt be filled in because his DNA had crumbled into small pieces. We will face an uphill battle in trying to apply this to a large number of human remains, he says.

1. With the reference to the whole text, the writer mainly deals with the topic on . . . A. DNA research on the Neanderthals C. The use of ancient DNA in anthropology E. DNA engineering in the Max Planck institute B. The past life of the Neanderthals D.The role of DNA in fossil studies

2. The writer is mainly of the opinion that tracing ancient humans life using their DNA . . . A. Is technologically possible through it has natural challenges. B. Promises a new horizon of understanding past illnesses. C. Is a new breakthrough in modern anthropological studies. D. Provides a better picture of old peoples DNA structures. E. Requires a longer chain of complete DNA sequences.

3. The physical look of hominid species can even be reconstructed using the DNA technology under the condition that . . . A. The DNA forms a solid fossil in a good shape. B. The genetic information in the DNA is high-quality.

C. The DNA had not been smaller in chunks. D. The sequence of the DNA pieces is systematic. E. The DNA sequence can be easily reassembled.

4. Based on the text, the following would be the kind of the information that could be revealed about ancient people through modern genome analysis, EXCEPT . . . A. Typical illnesses D. Migratory directions B.Thinking potentials E. Nutritional patterns C.Evolutionary phases

5. We will face an uphill battle. . . (P.IV). The underlined word is similar in meaning to . . . A. Mountainous Text II
John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way by eating less, a whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two-year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52 year-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and is down to his high school weight. Yet, thats not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three-quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. I feel better and lighter and healthier, says Apollos. But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing. The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organisms ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. A long term study led by researchers at the University of Wisconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of humanlike rhesus monkeys as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did. However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on a diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appear to be at work to extend longevity.

B. Rocky

C. Rising

D. Descending

E.Retarded

6. Which of the following ideas from the text above contains an opinion? A. Restricting calorie consumption for longevity B. Absence of disease due to controlling calorie intake C. Apollos feeling better and lighter and healthier. D. The melting of body fat by having less foods E. Apollos restricting his daily calorie consumption.

7. The study aims at evaluating the impact of calorie restriction on . . . A. Minimizing the risks of getting serious illnesses. B. Enhancing the feeling of happiness and health. C. Reducing the amount of extreme fat accumulation. D. Controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels. E. Aging-process slowing and life span extension.

8. If the information of the text is true, the risks that someone whose calorie consumption is controlled up to the portion suggested in the study suffers from bone cancer are . . . A. Substantial B. Negligible C. Unpredictable D.Serious E. Indefinite

9.

The following is among other things the empirical impacts of the study mentioned in the text, EXCEPT . . . A. Slender body shape D. Emotion stability B. Long life expectancy E. Good feelings C. Good healthiness

10. As mentioned in the text, the study held at the multicenter CALERIE, Tufts University in Boston has employed a research method that seems to be . . . A. Conventional Text III A new study, published Thursday in science, makes a strong case that the second theory is the right one. A team of anthropologists from the Max Planck institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, developed a battery of learning tests they call the Primate Cognition Test Battery, and give it to 106 chimps, 105 children, and 32 orangutans, to compare the groups directly on physical and social learning. Says Esther Hermann, a co-author of the paper, Its the first time anything like this has been done. The three groups performed about equally well on physical learning locating hidden objects, figuring out the source of a noise, understanding the concept of more and less, using a stick to get something out of reach. And indeed, the kids were of an age two and a half years old where it is widely known that they do perform about as well as chimps in such tests. So for example, the scientists would hide a treat of some kind a toy or a food behind a box while the test subjects looked on, the kids, chimps and orangutans would have to be sophisticated enough to know that the object disappearing from view did not mean it stopped existing, and had to be able to figure out where it had gone. All three groups did equally well at this sort of thing. 11. With reference to the primates in the experiment, the author mainly deals with their . . . A. Intelligent capacity B. Social achievement C. Physical performance D. Emotional maturity E. Cognitive curiosity B. Complicated C. Temporary D. Ultra-modern E. Methodological

12. The purpose of the study is to . . . A. Examine the physical and social relationships between some animals and humans B. Analyze the physical and social ability between some animals and humans C. Describe the behavior of some animals and humans in the physical and social learning D. See if there is a similarity between some animals and humans in the physical social learning E. Explain factors in the physical and social learning between some animals and humans 13. The expression physical learning in The three performed about equally well on physical learning refers to . . . A. The performance on the Primate Cognition Test Battery B. The comparison of the subjects physical and social performance C. The development of learning tests to evaluate a theory D. The strong claim to the second acceptable theory E. The ability to find the location of a hidden object 14. From the passage, it can be inferred that infants of about 2-3 years of age would probably generally . . . A. Be unable to perform the tasks for chimps and orangutans B. Know more the concepts of simple calculation than chimps and orangutans C. Have the level of physical learning similar to chimps and orangutans D. Perform test tasks more poorly than adult chimps and orangutans E. Be able to do social activities that normally chimps and orangutans can do 15. The paragraph preceding the passage above is most likely about description of . . . A. The psychological test B. The two theories of learning C. The social and physical learning D. Mammals and their classification E. The Primate Cognition Test Battery Text IV
Although this term has not been commonly used to describe health in past years, sustainable health is a growing movement. Health can defined as a state of feeling good. The word sustainability describes the process by which something can keep going. Thus, sustainable health describes being in a state where you feel good not just once but over an extended period of time. Some major areas of interest surrounding sustainable health include: food additives, animal welfare, biodiversity community farming, genetic engineering, and pesticides. Youths are increasingly being exposed to unhealthy diets; including diets are high in saturated fats and low in fruits, vegetables, and complex carbohydrates. Probably the most worrying realities of unhealthy eating practices have been the increased risk of diseases like diabetes, heart failure, malnutrition and obesity. In 2006, the WHO reported that 400 million out of the 1.6 billion adults who were diagnosed as overweight were simultaneously diagnosed as obese in both developed and developing countries. Research studies have shown that educating school-aged children and young people on healthy and sustainable nutritional habits will increase the likelihood of those children and young people remaining healthy in the future regardless of socio-economic background. These educational programs not only teach nutrition, but also teach youth how to prepare and handle food in safe and sustainable ways, achieve a balanced diet with limited resources and to risk decrease their risk of acquiring a nutritionrelated disease or disorder. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been used by many research studies on nutrition predict the factors that affect youth decision-making with regards to eating healthy. A study found that youth in a multicultural low income community in the United States of America who participated in a 10-week program significantly improved in nutrition and eating habits. The

success of the nutrition education program for multicultural youth identified several factors that were important to positively influencing the nutrition choices, which includes: a nutrition and cooking curriculum that emphasized culturally diverse foods; participatory learning activities (role-playing), sustainable gardening lessons, in addition to skills to fight racism and poverty discrimination. TPB model has also been used to help identify the ecological and cultural factors that affect indigenous youth in the Americas.

16. In the passage above, the author mainly deals with . . .

A. Values of being healthy B. Ways to healthy

C. Sustainable health

D. Keeping healthy E. Youths health

17. Concerning food consumption, the author suspects that young people . . .
A. Lack knowledge of types of healthy food C. Are unaware of consuming poison our food E. Are unfamiliar with the risk of unhealthy food

B. Tend to consume a lot of junk food D.Become the victim of eating harmful food

18. To promote a schools sustainable health program, a school principal would probably encourage everyone in school to . . . A. Have regular health checks B.Practice cooking classes C. Do sustainable gardening D. Put more lessons on health E. Hold meetings by nutritionists
19. A relevant question raised with reference to the text above would be . . . A. Why do most Americans tend to consume unhealthy meals? B. What are the characteristics of diseases related with malnutrition? C. Is unhealthy consumption of meals related with the types of race? D. Does anyone who is healthy always have a state of thinking stability? E. Is education on sustainable health related with eating habits? 20. Concerning diets and health among young people, there is a need to . . . A. Promote sustainable health for those with malnutrition B. Educate those between 5 19 of age about sustainable health C. Introduce sustainable health to those concerned with education D. Make young people realize the role of healthy living in their future E. Show the relation between diseases and socio-economic conditions

Text V

A difficult problem that the society is facing is the legalization of euthanasia the act of causing death painlessly in order to end suffering. People who are in a coma because of injury to their brains and elderly people who are terminally ill are being kept alive by artificial means. They do not have a chance to recover, but laws in most states of United States do not allow doctors to end their lives. Although many people feel that doctors must do everything possible to keep their patients alive, I believe that euthanasia should be legal for three reasons. The first and most important reason to support euthanasia is that some patients who have no chance to recover do not wish to be kept alive on machines. These patients are kept alive by life-support machines such as respirators to help them breathe and feeding tubes to provide them with nutrition. A well known example in the United States is the case of Teri Schiavo, a young woman who went into a coma in 1990. Mrs. Schiavo was able to breathe on her own, but her brain was dead. For fifteen years, she was kept alive by a feeding tube. After eight years of seeking treatment for her condition, her husband asked the court for permission to remove her feeding tube. He said that his wife had told him that she would not want to be kept alive artificially when there was no hope for recovery. Mrs. Schiavos parents disagreed with Mr. Schiavo and fought to keep their daughter alive. After seven years of bitter court battles, Mr. Schiavo finally won. Doctor removed Mrs. Schiavos feeding tube, and she soon died. Clearly, when there is absolutely no hope of recover, society should allow a person to die if that is his or her wish. A second reason is that medical costs in United States were very high. Keeping a person alive for years requires round-the-clock cares in a hospital. According to an administrator at a local hospital, a daily hospital room charges average $5,000 there. The high cost can cause serious financial problems for a family. The final reason is the family suffers. Hospital staffs give terminally ill patients only minimal care. Thus, the family must spend time caring for the special needs of their loved one. For instance, a cousin of mine who had been in a motorcycle accident was kept on life-support machines for eight years. Someone had to stay with him twenty four hours a day. During those years, his parents took turns taking care of him. Other family members tried to help out when they could but his parents did most of the physical work and suffered most of the

emotional stress. After he finally died, my aunt said, Of course I am sad, but since we all knew that he would eventually die, it might have been better if it had happened right when he had the accident. These past eight years have been hard. To summarize patients who are either terminally ill or who are in irreversible coma often wish to die. Their care is a financial, physical, and emotional burden for their families. Therefore, families should have the right to ask doctors to turn off life-support machines or to remove feeding tubes. 21. Concerning euthanasia, the writer thinks that . . . A. It should be legalized in any circumstances B. The family, not the law, decides if it is to be performed C. Doctors should perform it when the patient wishes to die D. It should be legalized under certain conditions E. It is the answer to relieve a social burden of the patients family 22. The least important reason the writer argues is that . . . A. The patients family suffers because of the hospital staffs indifference B. Doctors and nurses do not really care about their patients C. When somebody is ill, the family has to take turns taking care of them D. The parents of terminally ill patient suffer a lot E. The family suffers the most although they know the patient will not recover 23. What is the authors concern about the legal form of euthanasia? A. The familys objection B. The familys right D. The patients expectation E. The doctors expertise

C. The life of the dying patient

24. If you agree with the author, what might happen if someone who has serious illness does not have the probability to get better? A. The doctor could remove the feeding tubes B. The family might refuse the idea of euthanasia C. The doctor would offer to perform euthanasia D. The patient would refuse to be hospitalized E. The patient could ask their right to die soon 25. The word irreversible in . . . who are in irreversible coma . . . (paragraph 5) means . . . A. Temporary B. Unchangeable C. Dangerous D. Permanent E. Unconscious

Text VI Sometimes experience in other countries can help people to understand their own identity better. Mahatma Gandhi was born 1869 at Portandar in Western India. After studying in India, he dreamt of going to England to study. He was told that his Hindu religion did not allow voyages abroad. However, Gandhi was very determined and he finally left for England in 1887. At first, he tried to believe like an English gentleman but he soon learnt that it was better to be himself. He studied Law in London, qualifying in 1891. He also learnt about other religions. He returned home to India and worked as a lawyer. After some problems, he was offered a job in South Africa. Here he experienced racism as a member of Indian community. He decided to fight for the rights of Indians using passive resistance. He had three main beliefs namely non-violence, religious tolerance, and truth. When he finally returned to India in 1915, he became a great political leader. During the fight for independence, he was often put in prison but his beliefs never changed. Gandhi had studied in Britain so he understood the British better than they understood him. Gandhis leadership led to independence but, on Independence Day, 15 August 1947, Gandhi refused to celebrate. He was favor of Hindu-Muslim unity but Muslims and Hindus could not agree so a separate Muslim state was formed in Pakistan. In 1948, Gandhi started fasting to death as a protest against fighting between India and Pakistan. He was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic on 30th January 1948. India and Pakistan are still fighting in Kashmir today. The fight for independence was a difficult one but not as a difficult as the fight for non-violence,

religious tolerance, and truth.

26. The passage above mainly deals with Mahatma Gandhis . . . A. Search for principles of his three main believes B. Fighting against racism in South Africa C. Political career as an important national leader D. Experience to identify his life principles E. Political struggle for Indias independence 27. The following statements are true about Mahatma Gandhi, EXCEPT A. Mahatma Gandhis studying in Britain was against Hinduism principles B. Mahatma Gandhi believed in non-violence, religious tolerance, and truth C. Mahatma Gandhi learned and understood about some religious well D. Mahatma Gandhi fought hard for unity of his nation E. Mahatma Gandhi did not like the idea of Hindu-Muslim unity in India

28. The word non-violence in He had three main beliefs namely non-violence, religious tolerance, and truth. (paragraph 2) means . . .
A. Favorable conducts E. Passive behaviors B. Peaceful actions C.Political spirits D.Religious prejudices

29. Mahatma Gandhi got his university degree in . . . A. 1887 B. 1915 C. 1891 D.1947

E. 1948

30. We can infer from the following statements about Mahatma Gandhi, EXCEPT . . .
A. B. C. D. E. He understood Hinduism and Islam equally well He knew well the characteristics of English people He had good knowledge about law issues He had the hardest time fighting for independence of his nation He experienced racism when he was in South Africa

Text V
Education is often viewed as school in a traditional, formal sense. Many people believe that true learning can only take place in a formal classroom setting. Others feel education occurs in many different forms and environments. There may not be a definitive answer to the question of, What is education? However, we can start thinking about the purpose of education. Is it to educate youth to be responsible citizens? Is it to develop individuals, as well as society, in order to ensure a societys economic success? Or is it to simply focus on developing individual talents and intelligence? Perhaps it is the balance of all three that defines education. While our answers may differ, we can perhaps agree that education is a basic human right. When that right is granted growth and development, the society as a whole is more likely to improve in areas such as health, nutrition, general income and living standards, and population fertility rates. As global citizens, it is our responsibility to critically think about the issues and attempt to come up with solutions to the problems plaguing education. In 1990, UNESCO launched EFA, the movement to provide quality education for all children, youth, and adults by the year 2015. The unfortunate reality is that for many countries, larger issues come before improving the quality of education. How can we achieve the goals of EFA when numerous countries around the world are faced with challenges that seem far too impossible to overcome? The answer lies in attempting to bridge some of the gaps that prevent developing nations to compete with developed nations. One example is that of providing greater access to technology and narrowing the ever widening digital divide. In many ways, the most basic access to technology can serve as a valuable educational tool. Individuals who are not afforded this access are at a disadvantage when trying to grasp opportunities to make life better for themselves, their families, and their community.

31. The authors main concern in the first paragraph of the passage is that . . . A. There is no exact definition about education B. Education is a fundamental individuals right C. Everyone has the right to get quality education D. Education occurs in any place not just school E. Development can be gained through education 32. The situation the author shows in the passage above is best described as follows: A. Quality education fundamentally ensures quality living in all sectors B. Education is essentially everyones right yet it still has its challenge C. There are problems in education in spite of its significant role D. As long as nations compete, education cannot progress E. Absence of an exact definition causes problems in education 33. The following sentences express the writers opinions in the passage, EXCEPT . . . A. Everyone has the right to get education B. Education cannot be easily defined C. EFA provides quality education by 2015 D. Education is basic to human development E. The EFA goals are faced with serious challenges 34. If the author is right concerning the role of education, the following might be predicted to take place, EXCEPT . . . A. Longer life expectation B. Less birth rates C. Improved welfare D. Better quality living E. More job opportunities 35. The part following the passage above would likely discuss . . . A. Lack of access to technology in developing countries to support educational practices B. Needs of modern digital technology to back up the implementation of EFA in education C. Roles of technology in providing individuals with cheap and accessible quality education D. Inability of developing nations to compete with developed countries in technology E. Governments roles and responsibilities in managing education for their citizens

Text VII
Generally, by peoples own accounts, the public idea of women at home is that they are dull and boring. And the stereotype of working woman is hard, ambitious, selfish creatures. It is not just you are either gentle and dull or selfish and interesting. It is that you are either a good mother or an interesting woman. Young women now seem to get very clear picture that they have got a choice. If they are going to do mothering well, they have got to pay for it by not being interesting women. If you are an interesting working woman, you are a bad mother. Lyn Richards puts the blame for such notions and for resulting family tensions on the failure of people to talk enough about them. The media, too, are guilty. There is a lot of media coverage of successful career women and still a lot, especially in womens magazines, on the joys of motherhood. Theres not that much about the trouble of either the role or precious little about combining the roles. Yet, half the women who are married in our society are working. Nor is much thought given to the task of loosening the ties entrapping men. Lyn Richards, a working, is grateful for the privilege of genuinely choosing and being able to afford the role, criticizes the systematic exclusion of men from child rearing and the really pretty fabulous aspects of having children. She condemns as ludicrous the idea of the 9 to 5 treadmill of work as an absolute duty for men. The sheer irony to me is that the womens movement has told women the way to be liberated is to get into the 9 to 5 tied work force that men have been fighting against for a century. Really, we should be using changes in womens values to shake up all the oppression and rigidity that men been under. Indeed there has been a change. The new thing since I married is that its normal for both husband and wife to go on working when they marry. Now marriage is not a particularly big deal. Very

often it just legalizes something which has been going anyway and it certainly does not change a womans whole basis of life, her notion of who she is. The real life change is having the first child and when that happens, I think that probably most couples are still reverting to something like the traditional concept of marriage. But the longer people put off having children, the more likely it is that they will not because they have set up a viable set of lifestyle. They do not need to have kids now to have a good marriage. Not that motherhood and raising families are wholly going out of fashion but rather that people are having smaller families. Consequently, the period in womans life when she is not required to devote herself to mothering is lengthening. Motherhood the mother role just is not a very good identity base today, Lyn Richards says. Motherhood is a short term appointment now. It does not last long. 36. The passage manly deals with womens . . . A. Alternative role B. Social function C. Natural interes D. Fundamental duty E. Main responsibility 37. The expression combining the roles in . . . precious little about combining the roles. (paragraph 2) in the passage means . . . A. Being either a married or carrier woman B. Working both in an office and at home C. Serving the family and doing the office workD. Enjoying the food and caring for the family E. Having a dual role of mother and career woman 38. Lyn argues that in rearing children in a family . . . A. Womens role should be dominant B. Both men and women are equally responsible C. Mens role should be put into account D. Working women share equal work distribution E. Mens role should be excluded 39. If Lyn is correct, in the future women in families of younger generations . . . A. Have less children to care for B. Make up career individuals C. Will be more prosperous D. Are more individualistic E. Share an equal responsibility 40. A relevant question that can be raised out of the passage would be . . . A. What characterizes a good working woman? B. How could men and women build eternal marriage? C. What ways are there to keep family harmonious? D. Why would the role of a woman in mothering not last long? E. What requirements should working woman fulfill?

Text VIII Text IX Many of us still believe that in order to be healthy we must have eight hours of sleep a night; or that if we sleep poorly over a period of time, well get lines in our faces, bags under our eyes, a worn look, and worst of all, be unable to perform our daily tasks efficiently. Untrue, Says Dr. Alice Kuhn Schwartz, psychologist and co-author of Somniquest, you may look awful to yourself, but except for the first hour or so in the morning when you probably will be puffy-eyed due to depletion of a certain hormone thats the result of lack sleep, you will soon like your usual self and perform normally. If you do feel worn, the cause is stress, not lack of sleep. Also, there is no number of hours you must sleep to maintain good health. Some people get along beautifully on four and a half hours, others sleep nine hours. Anywhere within that range is normal. Recent studies of patients at sleep clinic have revealed significant fact about the causes of insomnia as well as ways to deal with it. Its no surprise that stress and depression (over family, health, job, or other problem) are linked to insomnia. Also, insomnia maybe caused physical illness: itching, aches, asthma, arthritis, ulcers, and heart problems that involve shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing. In order to overcome insomnia, millions of American turns to drugs both over the counter drugs and prescription drugs. No pill will produce normal sleep, says Dr. James Minard, sponsor of Sleep Studies at New Jersey Medical School. You reach no proper levels of sleep

through a pill; youre merely sedated. 41. The topic of the text is...
A. The role of sleep in sleep in keeping us healthy night C. The way to overcome insomnia E. Opinion and findings on insomnia B. The way people look after a sleepless D.The result of not being able to sleep

42. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE according to Dr. Schwartz? A. Lack of sleep may lead to the depletion of a certain hormone B. Some people need more sleep than others C. If people dont have enough sleep, they will work inefficiently D. Stress is one of the causes of insomnia E. Health doesnt depend on the hours of sleep

43. You may look awful to yourself in lines 4-5 implies that . . . A. Others do not look awful C. Others find that you look awful E. You may look fine to others B. You do not see that you look awful D. You think that others do not look well

44. Finding shows that the following are causes of insomnia. Except . . . A. Illnesses B. Headaches C.Problems D.Tiredness E. Frustration

45. From the text we may conclude that . . . A. Studies have found the cure for insomnia B. Insomnia may lead to heavy depression

C. Pills are an effective cure for insomnia D. Sleeps clinics are becoming very popular E. Insomnia cannot be cured by drugs Text X
India has a very poor rate of illiteracy, much lower than that of countries like Korea, china, and Even Thailand. Due to this India has to face a number of problems such as over-population, poverty, unemployment, etc. It is found that in recent times the people of this country have become more aware of these problems. Hence, even the poorest are taking interest in getting their little ones educated. In India, there are a large number of old people who are totally uneducated. Being illiterate,

they are unable to understand their rights and responsibility towards their country. For them the government has planned the system of Adult Education in villages through certain system like T.V. series, documentary films, and regular classes. Adult education does not mean full detailed education. It mainly comprises knowledge of the three Rs. The three Rs include reading, writing, and arithmetic. It means only fundamental and basic knowledge which can make them aware of their basic rights and responsibilities towards their own families and also toward their notion. Being illiterate, the elders do not know the full value of education. Most of them belong to the labor class and they want to see their little ones take up the same trades as theirs. But they are unaware of the fact that an officer gets a monthly salary which may be equal to the income of their whole family for many months, maybe even a year. Adult education can therefore make them understand the value of education. Another benefit of adult education is that when these illiterate people are educated, they will no longer be cheated by the crafty traders. They will also be able to think about jobs which can fetch them more wages. It is not so easy a task to make a fool of an educated person. So during the elections we can form a good government that can lead our country on the path of progress. It can happen only when our elders are educated. Only then can they know about the true value of their vote.

46. The text tells us about . . . A. Adult education in India B. Indias education system C. The labor class of India

D. The position of folder people in India

E. The life of the labor class in India

47. Why does the writer think that India does not have a good Government? A. It concentrates much on the education sector B. Population continues to increase rapidly C. People are responsible for their tasks to their country D. Old people do not have full rights as citizen E. Most of the elder voters in the election are illiterate people 48. The following are the benefits of adult education for people in India, EXCEPT A. To make people aware of the benefits of the importance of education B. To enable people to earn more in order to have a better jobs C. To give children a good education to obtain better jobs D. To take revenge on crafty traders who over charged customers E. To prevent to the uneducated from being cheated by others

49. With the Adult Education policy, the government of India expects that . . . A. There will be no more illiterate adults C. Many national problems can be solved E. Citizen will all work for the government B. Older people will form a good government D. Its army will consist of educated officers

50. Adult Education is given through . . . A. The teaching of basic sciences C. Communication with the labor class E. Trainings in private institution Text XI
The old belief that the universe never changes is quite wrong. Even (43).......... the invention of the telescope, astronomers noticed that bright stars suddenly (44)......... in the sky, and then later disappeared. These stars were called novae(45)........they were thought to be new. In fact we now know that they are really old stars which are slowly dying. A recent case of a nova (46).................. in 1918 and one the few people who saw this was the American astronomer Edward Barnard. He was driving along in a car occasionally looking up into the sky. Suddenly he noticed a star that he had never seen before, and exclaimed, that star should not be there! He was in fact watching the (47)..... Of a nova.

B. Various information media D. Education in military schools

51. (A). Because

(B). Until

(C). While

(D). Since

(E). For

52. (A). Returned 53. (A). Although 54. (A). Occurred 55. (A). Explode Answer: C Text XII

(B).Observed (B). Because

(C). Appeared (C). However

(D). Entered (E). Brightened (D). But (E). Nevertheless (D). Came (E). Saw (E). Explosively

(B). Displayed (C). Showed (B). Explosive (C). Explosion

(D).Explosiveness

Although they are an inexpensive supplier of vitamin, mineral, and high-quality protein, eggs also contain a high level of cholesterol, one of the major causes of heart disease. One egg yolk, in fact, contains a little more than two-thirds of the suggested daily cholesterol limit. This knowledge has caused egg sales to drop abruptly in recent years, which in turn has brought about the development of several alternatives to eating regular eggs. One alternative is to eat substitute eggs. These eggs substitutes are not really eggs, but they look somewhat like eggs when they are cooked. They have advantage of having lower cholesterol rates, and they can be scrambled or used in baking. One disadvantage, however, is that they are not good for trying, poaching, or boiling. A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of eggs, sometimes called designer eggs. These eggs are produced by hens that are fed low-fat diets consisting of ingredient such as canola oil, flax, and rice bran. In spite of their diets, however, these hens produce eggs that contain the same amount of cholesterol as regular eggs. Yet, the producers of these eggs claim that eating their eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol in humans. Egg producers claim that their product has been portrayed unfairly. They cite scientific studies to back up their claim. And, in fact, studies on the relationship between eggs and human cholesterol levels have brought mixed result. It may be that it is not the type of eggs that is the main determinant of cholesterol but the person who is eating the eggs. Some people may be more sensitive to cholesterol derived from food than other people. In fact, there is evidence that certain dietary fats stimulate the bodys production of blood cholesterol. Consequently, while it still makes sense to limit ones intake of eggs, even designer eggs, it seems that doing this without regulating dietary fat will probably not help

reduce the blood cholesterol level.

56. Eggs provide a lot of substance which are good for peoples health; however, they. . . A. Supply vitamin B. Contain minerals C. Are inexpensive E. Contain a high level of cholesterol

D. Provide the needed protein

57. The text concludes that in terms of eating eggs, human cholesterol levels are determined by . .. A. The type of eggs consumed C. Ones sensitivity to cholesterol B. The ingredients of the eggs D. Regulating dietary fats E. Daily consumption of eggs

58. Designer eggs differ from regular eggs because of . . . A. The changed diet for hen C. The different protein they supply E. The color of their yolks B. The low rate of cholesterol content D. The disadvantage they give to costumers

59. Why have the sales of regular eggs declined?

A. There are low of egg substitutes in the market B. Consuming eggs may not be good for ones heart C. Eggs substitute are much more inexpensive D. Regular eggs contain less protein than eggs substitutes E. It has been found that eggs contain too much fat

60. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To convince people to eat designer eggs and egg substitutes B. To persuade people that is unhealthy to eat eggs C. To introduce the idea that dietary fat increases the blood cholesterol level D. To inform people about the relationship between eggs and cholesterol E. To show the difference in producing various kinds of eggs

Text XIII

Dont write that down! Put your pencil away! Agnes Buckley is trying in vain to head off an entertaining story about how she used to sneak out of the house as a teenager. She favored boys with motorcycles. When their father hid her shoes to keep her at home, Agnes simply bypassed the front door and leaped out the window. Everyone is going to think I was a troublemaker, she laments. Agnes may have had some fun as a teen, but there is a lifetime of evidence to prove she has grown into respectability. A lifetime, that is, that already includes a full decade and a half more than 80 or so years that a girl born in US today can expect to live. Agnes was born in 1913, the year that

the Grand Central Terminal opened in New York City and the US Postal Service began delivering packages as well as letters, which makes her 96 years old. Two of her eleven brothers and sisters are nonagenarians too. The other surviving members of the clan are pushing 80 or well beyond it. And, as Agnes points out, none of us have canes. In fact, the entire Hurlburt family is a model of a long-lived, healthful vigor, which makes it a perfect candidate for the Long Life Family Study, an investigation into the factors that help certain families produce members who live into 80s, 90s and 100s. The study, sponsored by National Institute on Aging, includes investigators from four US research centers and one Danish one. The idea, says Dr. Perls, the principal investigator at the Boston University Medical Center location, is to reveal which genetic, environmental and behavioral factors contribute to longevity. When it comes to rare genetic variations contributing to longevity, family analysis is particularly powerful, he says. But just because something occurs in a family does not mean it is not necessarily genetic. There are lots of behaviors and traditions that happen in families that play a role in longer life expectancies. We use these families like the Hurlburts to search out what these factors are.

61. Which of the following statements contains an opinion about the information in the text? A. Dr. Perls and his team investigate several factors believed to contribute to longevity. B. There are factors of a variety of sources including family conditions that explain longevity. C. All the Hurlburts are considered to be a perfect model for The Long Life Family Study. D. Agnes Buckley who has 11 brothers and sisters makes her 96 years old was born in 1913. E. The Long Life Family Study involves researchers from research centers of different countries.

62. As a teenager obviously Agnes Buckley . . . A. Did a lot of outdoor activities B. Like having physical activities C. Made her father get annoyed D. Was the pride of the family E. Once escaped from her family 63. The factors to be investigated in the Long Life Family Study related with longevity are essentially . . . A. Speculative B. Convincing C. Integrated D. Influential E. Unavoidable 64. One habit in the Hurlburts that may explain longevity among the family members would be . . . A. Absence in sugary food consumption B.Doing regular physical exercise C. Having a lot of fun as a teenager D. Regular health examination E. Good practices in having selective diets 65. The part that comes next after the text above most likely describes . . . A. Research steps that will be taken for investigating longer life expectancies B. Agnes Buckleys habits and behaviors when she was in her adolescence C. An investigation towards all family members of the Hurlburts D. Genetic, environmental and behavioral aspects that play a role in longevity E. Genetic factors in families like the Hurlburts contributing to longer life Text XIII
A great deal of todays office activity involves the use of computer for communicating the written word in networks or with data banks or with other computers outside the business organization originating the communicating. Until recently, this communication. . (58) . . to the type word. However, todays

computer. . (59) . . By the human voice (called voice input) and material. . (60). into the computer with oral commands. The voice input is able to tell the computer what to do and how to do it. . . (61) . . The voice input can provide the information that is to be transcribed into a written. . (62) . . , a letter, a memorandum, a report, or some form of telecommunication. In other words, with voice. . (63) . . Computer software, you will be able to dictate a letter to the computer and tell it what style to use, how many copies to make, and how the letter is to be sent. It may even do the. . (64) . . Transmitting. As voice activation for computer is . . (65) . . developed, effective oral communication will become more and more important.

66. A. Is limited B. Has been limited C. Was limited D. Was being limited E. Had been limited

67. A. May be activated D. Must be activated

B. Should be activated E. Would rather be activated

C. Had better be activated

68. A. Inserted

B. Inserting

C. To be inserted

D. To be inserting

E. It is inserting

69. A. Nevertheless

B. Therefore

C. Furthermore D. However E. In conclusion

70. A. Receipt 71. A. Activation 72. A. Actually 73. A. Farther Text XIV

B. Bill B. Activated B. Actuality B. Deeper

C. Document C. Activate C. Actual C. Faster

D. Certificate D. Active D. Actualize D. Higher

E. Order E. Actively E. Actualization E. Further

The Chinese invented paper almost 2000 years ago. Origami, the art of paper folding, is just as old. It is quite possible that the art developed from the ancient custom of making paper houses, furniture, vehicles and servant, as well as paper money, as part of Chinese funeral rites. These colored paper symbols are still burned at Buddhist funeral so the dead person can live in earthly comfort in the next world. In the 7 century A.D. paper folding was brought to Japan. The Japanese developed many of China's art and craft into their own forms expression. They found new methods of folding paper into pretty forms and images and made origami a highly creative art. From a few simple folds the Japanese make thins of great beauty and realism. Some are used as religious symbols to decorate the temples. Others are good-luck symbols such as the tortoise and lobster, which are used as ornaments fastened to gifts.

74. They found new methods of folding paper into pretty forms and images and made origami a highly creative art. "highly creative art" have the same meaning as... A. Complete B. Colorful C. Expensive D. Logical E. Sophisticated 75. If a Japanese person gives you a present with a tortoise fastened to it. He or she hopes that you will have...

A. Good luck B. Bad luck

C. Death

D. Sickness

E. Richness

76. The Buddhist community burns the color paper symbols at the funerals because they hope that... A. The dead person can live in earthly comfort in the next world B. The family left by the dead person can live in earthly comfort C. The God will bless the dead person in the next world D. The dead person can live in the world E. The dead's sin will be forgiven Text XV

Research continues to uncover the complex ways in which particular foods and diet affect our well-being or ill health. We no longer simply see the body as a machine from which we remove, repair or correct . . (69) . . parts. Increasing, we are likely to see the body as an organic system, a holistic web of interconnected networks . . (70) . . work with and on each other in incredibly ways. Nutritionists are the forefront of this change in thinking, . . (71) . . most doctors, nutritionists prefer to find ways of improving health that do not rely on prescribing drugs to fix a defined problem. Nutritionists prefer to look at each individual holistically, . . (72) . . for the way diet influences the well being of the person as a whole. Nutritionists believe that . . (73) . . food nourishes the body, diet is likely to perform. Modern nutritionists believe that a person is . . (74) . . to illness or disease when their key organs no longer able to detoxify or climate . . (75) . . elements called anti-nutrients from the body. Anti-nutrients appear to be linked to such things as traffic pollution, antibiotics, deep fried foods, processed meat and the . . (76) . . of plastics and other chemical in water. Many of these factors are more present in peoples . . (77) . . today than they were fifty years ago.

77. A. Fine B. Confused C. Faulty D. Incoherent E. Contradictory 78. A. Whose B. Where C. When D. Which E. What 79. A. Similar B. Unfortunate C. Likewise D. Unlike E. Usually 80. A. Searching B. Examining C. Finding D. Exploring E. Investigating 81. A. Although B. If C. When D. Before E. Since 82. A. Susceptible B. Susceptibly C. Susceptibility D. Insusceptible E. Insusceptibility 83. A. Damaged B. Damaging C. Damage D. To damage E. Be damaged 84. A. Present B. Presently C. Presentation D. Presence E. Presentable 85. A. To live B. Lively C. Lives D. Living E. Lifeless Text XVI Veins are responsible for transporting blood from the body back to the heart where it is loaded with oxygen in the lungs before being distributed to the rest of the body again. Veins on the legs have the toughest job because they must push the blood against the force of gravity and the pressure of body weight in an upstream motion. To assist in this task, veins have one-way valves that prevent the blood from flowing backward. When there are problems with the valves, it causes blood to stay in the leg and cause the vein to swell. There are two kinds of enlarged veins: varicose veins and spider veins. Varicose veins are dark blue or purplish in color and they bulge above the skin's surface. Spider veins are much smaller and they look like red or blue spider webs which lie close to the surface of the skin. Fortyfiveyearold Sarah developed varicose veins on her thighs many years ago, after giving birth to her third child. Initially, she ignored it, thinking that it was nothing more than an aesthetic hindrance. Shortly after, Sarah experienced cramps, especially at night and both legs were constantly aching, tired and swollen. She also felt conscious of its appearance whenever she wears a skirt to work. Varicose veins are common among the general population35% of women and 20% of men over 20 years old are diagnosed with this condition.

Factors that increase the risk of developing varicose veins include prolonged sitting or standing, multiple pregnancies, family history of varicose veins, obesity and wearing of high heels or tight garments. To prevent the development of varicose veins, one should exercise regularly to keep the blood flowing. Women should also avoid wearing high heel shoes (not more than 34 cm high) and tight clothing that wraps around the legs. To alleviate the discomfort, people with varicose veins can try raising both legs above their chest to facilitate the blood flow or wearing compression stockings. Clinical treatments for varicose veins are also available to improve the cosmetic appearance and reduce the aching, swelling, and other serious problems such as blood clots and ulcers. In Sarah's case, the many doctors she had consulted offered surgery as an option to remove the varicose veins on her legs. However, this is an invasive procedure which requires an anesthesia and hospitalization. 86. What is the text mainly about?
A. Types of veins B. Functions of veins C. Varicose veins D. Kinds of enlarged veins E. Spider veins

87. This text is most probably found in a/an . . . A. Medical textbook B. Newspaper editorial C. Sports magazine D. Health report E. Health magazine 88. Which of the following is NOT included in the causes of the varicose veins? A. Delivering a baby B. Constant aching of both legs C. Wearing high heel shoes D. Sitting or standing for hours E. Hereditary 89. An aesthetic hindrance means . . . A. A restriction to keep ones health C. A difficulty to overcome the disease E. An obstacle to move freely

B. An obstruction to become beautiful D. A constraint to the beauty of skin

90. According to the text, a surgery is most needed for a patient with varicose veins when . . . A. The patients legs are constantly aching and swollen B. The patient has problems after delivering a baby C. The patients exercise keeps the blood flowing D. The patient wants to improve his/her appearance E. The patient has already suffered for a long time Text XVII Vitamin D deficiency is traditionally with bone and muscle weakness, but in recent years, a number of studies have shown that low levels of the vitamin may predispose the body to high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and chronic blood vessels inflammation (associated with the hardening of the arteries). It also alters hormone levels to increase insulin resistance which raises the risk of diabetes. In a review article published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, researchers surveyed recent studies on the link between vitamin D deficiency and heart disease to come up with practical advice on screening and treatment. They concluded that vitamin D deficiency is much more common than previously thought, affecting up to half of adults and apparently healthy children in the US. Researchers say higher rates of vitamin D deficiency may be due in part to people spending more time indoors and efforts to minimize sun exposure through the use of sunscreens. Sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 blocks approximately 99% of vitamin D synthesis by the skin. We are outside less than we used to be, and older adults and people who are overweight or obese are less efficient at making vitamin D in response to sunlight, says

OKeefe. A little bit of sunshine is a good thing but the use of sunscreen to guard against skin cancer is important if you plant to be outside for more than 15 to 30 minutes of intense sunlight exposure. 91. The main idea of this passage is that . . . A. Vitamin D deficiency in ones body is the main cause of diseases B. Traditional vitamin D deficiency causes problems in bones and muscles C. Research findings show vitamin D deficiency may lead to heart D. The best source of vitamin D to improve ones health comes from sunshine E. The US researchers say that sunscreen can keep everyone from skin diseases 92. The word predispose in line 2 is closest in meaning to . . . A. Prevent B. Result C. Expose D. Stimulate 93. The following statements are true about the passage, EXCEPT . . . A. Diabetes can be the results of vitamin D deficiency B.More and more people experience deficiency in vitamin D C. Overweight people need to be more responsive to sunlight D. Vitamin D deficiency may cause thickened arteries E. Sunscreen can protect us from skin cancer 94. Skin cancer is believed to be the effect of . . . A. Chronic vitamin D deficiency B. Excessive exposure to sunlight C. Doing more indoor activities D. Low levels of vitamin consumption E. Lack of sun protection factor 95. The paragraph following this passage would likely contain some information on . . . A. Obese problems with older adults B. Testing the level of vitamin D deficiency C. Sunscreen effect on vitamin D deficiency D. How to protect our skin from cancer E. Outdoor activities and vitamin D deficiency

E. Relate

Text XIX
The Polynesian word tattoo became part of the English vocabulary after an English explorer; James Cook visited the pacific island of Tahiti. Both sexes, He wrote, paint their bodies. Tattow, as it called in their language, is done by inlaying the color of black under their skins Although the term tattoo came from the South pacific, tattoos and other kids of body paint have been part of cultures around the world. Native Americans tattooed themselves with birds blood. Mayans in Mexico tattooed themselves with pictures of their gods. Scientists have even discovered tattoos on Egyptian mummies. In 1991 hikers in the Alps found the tattooed mummy of a man who died 5,000 years ago. What do tattoos mean to the people who get them? The meaning can depend upon the culture. Tattoos may serve to connect people with ancestors or gods. In parts of Indonesia, tattoos are sometimes used as protection against evil. Tattoos can also be used to identify people as members of a social group. For instance, Japans, tattooing started among men in lower socio-economic group who were craving for the expensive clothing that upper class people wore. In parts of Polynesia, on the other hand, geometric tattoos owed high-social class. The most powerful people had the most complicated tattoos. In many cultures, body art such as tattoos defines the transition from childhood to adulthood. An Indian brides hands and feet are decorated with henna, for example, to bring her duck luck. In many cultures, tattooing is a tradition.

Perhaps nowhere was tattooing a more important tradition than in the Marquesas, a group of volcanic island in the South Pacific. In the Marquesas tattoos were used to signify a number of things. One was beauty. The more complex the designs the more beautiful they were considered. They were also a symbol of courage because the tattooing process was painful. Finally, tattoos showed wealth because the tattoo artist was well paid. Marquesis men often had their entire bodies tattooed, while women usually only had tattoos on their hands, lips, shoulders, ankles, and behind their ears. As important as this tradition was, however, it died out because of pressure from Europeans. I 1842, the islands were taken by the French, who made tattooing illegal. Most of Marquesan designs would have been forgotten by now except for the work of a German anthropologist, Ivan Kruesentern. Kruesenterns work has helped makes tattoos popular in the United States and has influenced body art in Western culture today. Kruesentern spent 20 years taking photographs of tattoos. His photographs have gained importance since 1970s, when tattooing came into fashion again. Tattoo artist now may use modern battery-operated tools but they often use the traditional designs they find in Kruesenterns work. 96. The following statements about tattoos are EXCEPT, . . . A. Tattoo tradition make its return in the 1970s B. In Japan, tattooing began among low social class people C. Hikers in the Alps found tattoo tradition 5000 years ago D. Henna is used for traditional tattooing in India E. The culture of the society can influence the meaning of tattoo 97. What is the best title of the text? A. Tattoos around the World B. Meanings of Tattoos C. Function of Tattoos D. Tattoos: An ancient art E. Traditional Tattoo Designs 98. The paragraph will probably discuss . . . A. Tattooing in Germany B. Different meaning of tattoos C. The symbolic meanings of tattoos D. Tattooing in the West E. Popular tattoo design 99. The tattoo tradition in the marquises ended because . . . A. People could no longer afford the expensive cost B. Too painful for the people to bear C. It was buried by the foreigners occupying the islands D. The designs became more complicated and more beautiful E. Unlike men, women only had tattoos in some parts of their body 100.The phrase craving for ..... (line 13) is closest in meaning to . . . A. Who were thinking about B. Who were looking for C. Who were longing for D. Who were seeing out E. Who were looking forward to