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    Reliability in Maintenance: Source: Chapter 8 From Maintenance Engineering and Management by R.C.Mishra

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    nikitanath23
    1) Reliability is defined as the probability that a system will perform its intended function for a specified period of time. It depends on factors like quality of materials and design as well as maintenance. 2) Reliability can be modeled using the exponential failure law, where reliability R(t) = e^(-λt) and λ is the failure rate. The mean time between failures (MTBF) is the average time between failures and is equal to 1/λ. 3) Configuring systems in series decreases overall reliability compared to parallel configurations. Availability takes into account both reliability and maintainability, which is the probability of repairing a fault within a given time.

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    Reliability in Maintenance: Source: Chapter 8 From Maintenance Engineering and Management by R.C.Mishra

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    nikitanath23
    1K views20 pages
    1) Reliability is defined as the probability that a system will perform its intended function for a specified period of time. It depends on factors like quality of materials and design as well as maintenance. 2) Reliability can be modeled using the exponential failure law, where reliability R(t) = e^(-λt) and λ is the failure rate. The mean time between failures (MTBF) is the average time between failures and is equal to 1/λ. 3) Configuring systems in series decreases overall reliability compared to parallel configurations. Availability takes into account both reliability and maintainability, which is the probability of repairing a fault within a given time.

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    Reliability

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    1) Reliability is defined as the probability that a system will perform its intended function for a specified period of time. It depends on factors like quality of materials and design as well as maintenance. 2) Reliability can be modeled using the exponential failure law, where reliability R(t) = e^(-λt) and λ is the failure rate. The mean time between failures (MTBF) is the average time between failures and is equal to 1/λ. 3) Configuring systems in series decreases overall reliability compared to parallel configurations. Availability takes into account both reliability and maintainability, which is the probability of repairing a fault within a given time.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1K views20 pages

    Reliability in Maintenance: Source: Chapter 8 From Maintenance Engineering and Management by R.C.Mishra

    Uploaded by

    nikitanath23
    1) Reliability is defined as the probability that a system will perform its intended function for a specified period of time. It depends on factors like quality of materials and design as well as maintenance. 2) Reliability can be modeled using the exponential failure law, where reliability R(t) = e^(-λt) and λ is the failure rate. The mean time between failures (MTBF) is the average time between failures and is equal to 1/λ. 3) Configuring systems in series decreases overall reliability compared to parallel configurations. Availability takes into account both reliability and maintainability, which is the probability of repairing a fault within a given time.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    Reliability in Maintenance

    Source : Chapter 8 from Maintenance Engineering and Management by R.C.Mishra

    Definition
    Reliability: the probability that a component / system , when operating under given conditions, will perform its intended functions adequately for a specified period of time Likelihood that an equipment will not fail during its operation Two types
    Inherent reliability
    Associated with quality of the material and design of machine parts

    Achievable reliability
    Depends on factors such as maintenance and operation of the equipment

    Reliability and Probability


    If
    R is the probability of reliable function for a specified period of time F is the probability of failure during the same period of time Then
    R+F=1

    Failure rate
    Defined as the number of failures occurring in a unit time Denoted as Formula
    No. of failures recorded Failure rate = No.of components subjected to operation X no. of hours of operation

    Failure rate estimation


    Using frequency distribution

    Days 0-10
    10-20 20-30 30-40

    Mid value 5
    15 25 35

    Frequency 20
    10 8 5

    fx 100
    150 200 175

    Mean time to failure = fx f M = 625 /43 = 14.53

    Failure rate = 1 /m = 1 /14.53 = 6.8 x 10-2 failures / day

    Failure Pattern of Equipment

    The Whole-Life Equipment Failure Profile


    The burn-in phase (known also as infant morality, break-in , debugging): During this phase the hazard rate decrease and the failure occur due to causes such as:
    Incorrect use procedures Poor test specifications Poor quality control Inadequate materials Marginal parts Over-stressed parts Incorrect installation or setup Poor manufacturing processes or tooling Incomplete final test Wrong handling or packaging Poor technical representative training Power surges

    The useful life phase:


    During this phase the hazard rate is constant and the failures occur randomly or unpredictably. Some of the causes of the failure include: A. Insufficient design margins B. Incorrect use environments C. Undetectable defects D. Human error and abuse E. Unavoidable failures

    The wear-out phase (begins when the item passes its useful life phase):
    During this phase the hazard rate increases. Some of the causes of the failure include: A. Wear due to aging. B. Inadequate or improper preventive maintenance C. Limited-life components D.Wear-out due to friction, misalignments, corrosion and creep E. Incorrect overhaul practices

    Definitions
    Reliability of a system is defined to be the probability that the given system will perform its required function under specified conditions for a specified period of time.

    MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures): Average time a system will run between failures. The MTBF is usually expressed in hours. This metric is more useful to the user than the reliability measure.

    Approaches to increase the reliability of a system

    Increasing reliability of a system

    1. 2. 3.

    Worst case design Using high quality components Strict quality control procedures

    1. 2. 3.

    Redundancy Typically employed Less expensive

    Reliability expressions
    Exponential Failure Law: Reliability of a system is often modeled as: R(t) = exp(-t) where is the failure rate expressed as percentage failures per 1000 hours or as failures per hour.

    When the product t is small, R(t) = 1 - t

    Relation between MTBF and the Failure rate


    MTBF is the average time a system will run between failures and is given by:

    MTBF = 0 R(t) dt = 0 exp(-t) dt = 1 /


    In other words, the MTBF of a system is the reciprocal of the failure rate. If is the number of failures per hour, the MTBF is expressed in hours.

    A simple example
    A system has 4000 components with a failure rate of 0.02% per 1000 hours. Calculate and MTBF.

    = (0.02 / 100) * (1 / 1000) * 4000 = 8 * 10-4 failures/hour MTBF = 1 / (8 * 10-4 ) = 1250 hours

    Relation between Reliability and MTBF R(t) = (1 t) = (1 t / MTBF) Therefore,


    MTBF = t / (1 R(t))

    1.0 0.8 Reliability 0.6 R(t) 0.4 0.2 0 1 MTBF 2 MTBF Time t
    0.36

    An example A first generation computer contains 10000 components each with = 0.5%/(1000 hours). What is the period of 99% reliability?
    MTBF = t / (1 R(t)) = t / (1 0.99) t = MTBF * 0.01 = 0.01 / av Where av is the average failure rate N = No. of components = 10000 = failure rate of a component = 0.5% / (1000 hours) = 0.005/1000 = 5 * 10-6 per hour Therefore, av = N = 10000 * 5 * 10-6 = 5 * 10-2 per hour Therefore, t = 0.01 / (5 * 10-2 ) = 12 minutes

    Reliability for different configurations

    1. Series Configuration
    1 2 3 4 N

    Overall reliability = Ro = R * R * R. R = RN 2. Parallel Configuration Ro = 1 (probability that all of the components fail) Ro = 1 (1 R)N
    1 2

    R
    N

    Reliability for different configurations

    3. Hybrid Configuration
    1 1 2 N 2

    R R R

    R
    M

    Overall reliability = Ro = ?

    Maintainability
    Maintainability of a system is the probability of isolating and repairing a fault in the system within a given time. Maintainability is given by: M(t) = 1 exp(-t) Where is the repair rate And t is the permissible time constraint for the maintenance action = 1/(Mean Time To Repair) = 1/MTTR M(t) = 1 exp(-t/MTTR)

    Availability
    Availability of a system is the probability that the system will be functioning according to expectations at any time during its scheduled working period.

    Availability = System up-time / (System up-time + System down-time)


    System down-time = No. of failures * MTTR System down-time = System up-time * * MTTR Therefore, Availability = System up-time / (System up-time + (System up-time * * MTTR) = 1 / (1 + ( *MTTR) Availability = MTBF / (MTBF + MTTR)

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