abad ash

century
mengabui: to cheat; to deceive
berabad-abad: for centuries

abuk
abadi dust
eternal; immortal

keabadian: immortality
mengabadikan: perpetuate; immortalize abung
pomelo

abah
father acah
tease

mengacah-acah: to tease
abah-abah
harness

acapkali
often
abai
neglect

mengabaikan: to disregard; to neglect acar

pickle

abang
elder brother acara
event; item in a programme
abang angkat: foster brother
abang ipar: brother-in-law mengacarakan: to compere or host a
abang tiri: stepbrother programme
pengacara: master of ceremonies; compere

abdi
slave aci
shaft
mengabdikan: to enslave
pengabdian: slavery; enslavement

acu
to direct weapon at target
abjad
alphabet mengacukan: to aim weapon at target
mengacu: to test; to try on
acuan: a mould

abu

acuh
1
 to care for; to heed mengadatkan: to make it a practice or custom
teradat: has become a custom
mengacuhkan: to care for; to heed
acuh tak acuh: to show indifference

adegan
scene
acum
provoke or instigate

mengacum: to provoke or instigate adib

acuman: provocation well-mannered
pengacum: instigator
pengacuman: agitation

adik
younger brother or sister
ada
have; possess; contain adik-beradik: brothers and sisters
beradik: having siblings
adakala: sometimes
adakalanya: sometimes
adalah: is; are; am; was; were
adapun: with regard to adikung
berada: (1) rich (2) to be assistant officer
diadakan: to be held
keadaan: condition; situation; circumstances
mengada-ngada: to boast; to pretend
mengada-ngadakan: to concoct an excuse adil
mengadakan: to hold or conduct; to convene fair; just

keadilan: justice
mengadili: to judge
adab mengadilkan: to judge; to evaluate
politeness; good manners; courtesy pengadil: judge; referee
pengadilan: judgement
beradab: courteous; polite
peradaban: civilization; culture

adinda
younger brother or sister (esp. in letter-writing)
adang
obstruct; block

mengadang: to obstruct or block adu

(1)complain (2)compete

beradu: (1)to report (2)to compete

adas aduan: complaint
fennel (yellow-flowered fragrant herb) mengadu: to report; to accuse
pengadu: complainant
pengaduan: complaint
peraduan: a contest or competition
adat
custom; social tradition or practice

beradat: polite; customary; ceremonious aduh

2
 exclamation of pain immeasurable; immense

mengaduh: to groan; to wail

agama
religion
aduhai
exclamation of sorrow beragama: having a religion
keagamaan: religious

aduk
mix; stir agar
so that
mengaduk: to mix or stir

agar-agar
adun jelly
knead (dough)

adunan: dough
mengadunkan: to mix together agas
gnat; sandfly

afiat
healthy agih
distribute
mengafiatkan: to restore to good health
diagihkan: distributed
mengagihkan: to distribute
pengagihan: distribution
afrit
goblin; mischievous elf or spirit

aguk
pendant
agah
murmuring sound

mengagah: (1)to gurgle (2)to confront agung

supreme

keagungan: supremacy
agak mengagungkan: to honour; to revere
guess

agak-agak: (1)to guess (2)approximately

agaknya: perhaps; maybe ah
beragak: not sure exclamation of surprise
mengagak: to guess; to estimate
teragak-agak: to hesitate; to be undecided

aha
exclamation of triumph
agam
3
 mengajak: to invite
ajakan: invitation

Ahad
Sunday
ajal
doom; death

ahli
(1)member (2)expert
ajar
keahlian: membership teach

kurang ajar: disrespectful

ajaran: teaching
ahmak belajar: to learn
stupid berajar: educated; courteous
mempelajari: to learn in greater detail
mengajar: to teach
mengajarkan: to teach
aib pelajar: student
(1)disreputable; shameful (2)blemish; flaw; pelajaran: lesson: education
defect pengajar: teacher
pengajaran: something serving as a lesson or
keaiban: shame warning
mengaibkan: shameful terpelajar: educated; learned

air aju
water moot; bring up for discussion; propose

air batu: ice mengajukan: to propose; to put forward for

berair: watery discussion
mengairi: irrigate
pengairan: irrigation

ajuk
imitate mockingly; tease
ais
ice mengajuk: to imitate mockingly; to tease
ajukan: mockery; ridicule; teasing
aiskrim: ice-cream

akad
ajaib contract; promise
baffling; inscrutable; miraculous
mengakad-nikahkan: to promise marriage
keajaiban: miracle
mengajaibkan: miraculous

akaid
religious dogma
ajak
invite

4
akal consequence; result
ability to think and reason
akibatnya: as a result
akal budi: common sense berakibat: resulted in
akal-akal: to pretend or feign mengakibatkan: to cause; to result in
berakal: intelligent; smart
mengakali: to outwit; to deceive
mengakalkan: to think up a plan
akidah
belief; faith; confidence

akan
will; shall
akikah
akan tetapi: but head-shaving of an infant
akan-akan: as if
seakan-akan: like; similar; as though

akil
clever
akar
root akil baligh: grown up; adolescent

berakar: having roots

akrab
intimate in relationship
akhbar
newspaper

akta
act; law passed by legislative body
akhir
final; conclusive; at the end; last

akhir-akhir: lately; recently aku

akhiran: suffix me; I
akhirnya: finally
berakhir: ended akuan: confession; acceptance
mengakhiri: to end memperakui: to certify
pengakhiran: process of ending memperakukan: to certify; to recommend
terakhir: last one mengaku: to confess; to admit
mengakui: to admit: to accept; to acknowledge
pengakuan: acknowledgement; confession;
admission
akhirat perakuan: recommendatory
eternity; the next world; life after death

akur
akhlak agree; consent; approve
behaviour; character; morals
mengakuri: to agree; to consent; to approve
keakuran: agreement; approval

akibat

5
akusaksi
attest

alat
appliance; instrument; tool
alabangka
crowbar alat ganti: spare part
alat kelamin: genital organs
alatulis: stationery
alatan: various tools
alah peralatan: various tools
(1)allergic (2)lose; defeated beralatkan: to equip
memperalatkan: use as a tool
alahan: allergy
beralah: to surrender
mengalah: to surrender
mengalahkan: to defeat algojo
hangman; executioner

alam
(1)nature; world; universe (2)experience alih
displace; oust; shift; change
berpengalaman: experienced
mengalami: to experience beralih: altered; shifted
pengalaman: experience mengalih: to shift; to alter; to change; to
sealam: having the same nature displace
pengalihan: displacement
peralihan: transition; alteration

alamat
address; sign
alim
beralamat: addressed to learned; pious; religious
mengalamatkan: to address to

alir
alang flow
(1)crossbeam (2)of little account
aliran: current or flow; trend of opinion
alangan: obstacle mengalir: to flow
alangkah: how mengalirkan: to direct or channel the flow
mengalangi: to obstruct pengaliran: process of channelling the flow of
mengalangkan: to put crosswise

alis
alas eyebrow
foundation; basis; framework; underlayer

alasan: excuse; reason; explanation

beralasan: well-founded aliterasi
beralaskan: to base on; to line with alliteration
mengalaskan: to base on; to place an
underlayer

6
alkisah mengalunkan: to billow; to rise and roll like
the story is that big waves

Allah alur
Muslim name for God groove; furrow

allahyarham am
the late; the deceased general (not detailed or specific); common

almarhum amah
the late (for male royalty) female housekeeper; maid

almarhumah amal
the late (for female royalty) practice; good deed

amalan: practice; good deed

beramal: to do good work; to perform good
almari deeds
cupboard mengamalkan: to practise
pengamal: practitioner
pengamalan: performance

alpa
negligent
aman
kealpaan: negligence peaceful
mengalpakan: to neglect
keamanan: peace
mengamankan: to pacify
pengamanan: act of creating peace
alpukat pengaman: peace-maker
avocado

amanah
alu trust
pounder (rice)
mengamanahkan: to entrust
mengalu-alukan: to welcome or greet pengamanah: trustee
ceremoniously
dialu-alukan: welcome or accepted

amanat
commendation
alun
billow; great wave

alunan: act of billowing or rolling amar

beralun-alun: wavy; billowy
7
 command; order

mengamarkan: to order
amir
emir (Muslim ruler or commander)

amaran
warning
ampai
(1)hang (2)tall and slim

amat ampai-ampai: jellyfish

very; extremely mengampaikan: to hang clothes out to dry
terampai: hung to air or dry
mengamati: to scrutinize ampaian: clothes-line
pengamat: controller
pengamatan: observation; scrutiny

ampu
ingratiate; bring oneself into a person's favour
ambang
(1)threshold; lintel (2)bob; float mengampu: to ingratiate
pengampu: sycophant; supporter
ambang pintu: doorway; doorstep
mengambang: to hover in the air

ampun
pardon; forgiveness; amnesty
ambil
take; obtain; fetch keampunan: forgiveness; pardon
mengampunkan: to forgive; to pardon
mengambil: to take; to obtain; to fetch pengampun: one who forgives or pardons
ambilan: derivation from pengampunan: amnesty or pardon
pengambilan: act of taking or fetching

amuk
amboi amuck; violently out of control; state of
oh! murderous frenzy

mengamuk: attack without thinking

pengamuk: person who runs amuck
ambul
bounce; rebound

mengambul: to bounce or rebound anai, anai-anai

mengambulkan: to cause to rebound termite

ambung anak
back-basket child

anak angkat: adopted child

anak bulan: new moon
amin anak dara: virgin
amen; so be it anak merah: newborn
8
 anak-beranak: together with the children
anak-anak: many children; still a child
anak-anakan: doll; puppet
anakanda: son or daughter (in letter-writing) aneh
beranak: to bear a child; to give birth bizarre; odd; unconventional; funny; strange
keanak-anakan: childish
peranakan: native

aneka
multifarious; varied; all sorts of
anasir
an element; a distinct social group aneka ragam: variety show
beraneka: having a variety of
anasir jahat: bad social element anekarama: concert

ancam angan
menace; threaten imagination

mengancam: to threaten angan-angan: imagination; a day-dream

ancaman: a threat berangan-angan: to day-dream
terancam: threatened mengangan-angankan: to wish for; to day-
dream about
terangan-angan: to constantly wish for

anda
you
angau
lovesick

andai
if; suppose
anggap
andainya: suppose assume; deem
andaian: assumption
berandai: to discuss; to debate menganggap: to assume; to regard as
mengandaikan: suppose anggapan: assumption; opinion
beranggapan: of the opinion

andam
beautician who does the make-up for the bride anggar
and bridegroom estimate

mengandam: to make-up the bride and anggaran: estimation; budget

bridegroom menganggarkan: to estimate

andas anggerik
anvil; chopping block orchid

anduh anggota
suspend by means of a sling
9
 (1)limb (2)member angkat
lift; raise
beranggota: (1)having limbs (2)having
members angkatan: troops; armed forces
anggota badan: part of the body berangkat: to depart; to leave
keanggotaan: membership keberangkatan: departure; act of leaving
menganggotai: to be a member of

angkuh
angguk haughty; arrogant; proud
nod
keangkuhan: arrogance
anggukan: act of nodding
mengangguk: to nod
terangguk-angguk: to keep nodding
angkup
callipers; pincers; forceps

anggur
(1) grape (2) jobless
angkut
menganggur: unemployed convey; transport; transmit
penganggur: one who is unemployed
pengangguran: unemployment mengangkut: to transport
berangkut: to transport several times
pengangkutan: transportation; means of
transport
angin
wind

berangin: windy; breezy angsa

mengangin: to winnow goose
menganginkan: to put in a windy place
peranginan: holiday resort

aniaya
maltreatment; abuse; injustice; tyranny
angka
numerical figure menganiayai: to oppress; to do injustice
penganiaya: oppressor
perangkaan: statistics penganiayaan: oppression; tyranny; abuse

angkara anjak
bad or nasty behaviour shift position slightly

beranjak: to shift position slightly

menganjakkan: to change the position of
angkasa
space (beyond earth's atmosphere)

angkasawan: astronaut anjal

elastic; flexible

10
 keanjalan: flexibility; elasticity antarabangsa
menganjal: to be elastic or flexible international

anjing antero
dog whole; totally

seantero: the whole; totally

anjung
projecting facade (of a building)
anti
opposed to; counteracting; against

anjungan
bridge (platform on a ship)
anting
pendulum

anjur anting-anting: ear-ring

to jut out

menganjur: to jut out

anjuran: proposal; sponsored by anu
menganjurkan: to propose; to advocate so and so
penganjur: organizer; sponsor; promoter

anugerah
ansur award; honour; grace
progress or move in stages
menganugerahi: to bestow an award; to confer
beransur: to progress in stages an award
ansuran: instalment menganugerahkan: to bestow; to confer
mengansurkan: to pay by instalments penganugerahan: bestowal

antah anut
rice grains left unhusked after pounding embrace; accept; profess; adopt (religion)

menganut: to follow or profess (a religion)

anutan: adherence (to a religion)
antan penganut: follower or convert (religion)
pestle

anyam
antara weave; plait
among; between
menganyam: to weave; to plait
mengantarai: to mediate; to separate anyaman: product of plaiting or weaving; act
perantara: mediator of plaiting or weaving
perantaraan: mediation; medium

11
apa berarah: having a direction
what mengarah: to direct
mengarahkan: to direct towards
apa-apa: whatever; anything pengarah: director
apakah: what searah: in the same direction
apalagi: above all
apabila: when
apakala: when; if
berapa: how much; how many arak
mengapa: why (1)liquor (2)procession
mengapa-apakan: to harm
berarak: to walk or march in procession
mengarak: to walk in procession
pengarak: participant in a procession
api perarakan: procession
fire arak-arakan: cortege; procession; pageant

berapi: on fire
berapi-api: fiery
mengapikan: to provoke; to instigate aral
obstacle; hinderance; difficulty

apit
squeezed between two surfaces arang
charcoal
berapit: wedged in between; closely situated
mengapit: to squeeze between two surfaces batu arang: coal
pengapit: best man (at wedding); maid of
honour

aras
a level
April
April

arca
image; picture
apung
float; drift

berapungan: floating or drifting in great ari

numbers abdomen
mengapungkan: to allow to float
terapung: floating or drifting about ari-ari: abdomen

ara arif
fig learned; wise

kearifan: cleverness

arah
direction
arkib
arahan: command; order; instruction; direction archives
12
 asam
sour

arloji asam jawa: tamarind

clock; watch mengasamkan: to preserve in vinegar or
tamarind (as pickle)
asam-asaman: sour fruits preserved in salt

arnab
rabbit
asap
smoke

arus berasap: emitting smoke

current (flow) of water, air or electricity mengasap: to become smoke; to vapourize
mengasapi: to fumigate
pengasapan: fumigation
perasap: censer
arwah
late (no longer living)

asar
afternoon
asa
hope

asas
foundation for a theory; basis; principle
asah
sharpen; grind; whet asasnya: in principle
berasas: founded or based on
mengasah: to sharpen mengasaskan: to base on
asahan: act of sharpening pengasas: founder
pengasah: sharpener; grinder
pengasahan: act of sharpening or grinding
berasah: whetted
asasi
basic; fundamental

asak
pack; cram
asin
berasak-asak: packed; crammed salty
mengasak: to pack; to stuff
asakan: crowd; jam; cramming mengasinkan: to preserve in salt

asal asing
origin; source foreign; separate

asalkan: provided that asing-asing: separately

asalnya: originally berasingan: separate
berasal: originated mengasingkan: to separate
terasing: isolated; separated
pengasingan: segregation; exile

13
askar atas
soldier above; up; upon

atasan: superior or upper class

mengatasi: to overcome
asli teratas: the highest
indigenous; native; natural; original

keaslian: originality
atau
or

asmara ataupun: or
love; passion

berasmara: to be in love; to make love

atuk
grandfather

asrama
hostel
atur
arrange

astaka mengatur: to arrange

pavilion atur cara: programme
aturan: regulation; arrangement; rules;
procedure; order
beratur: arranged: to queue up
asuh beraturan: orderly
bring up (a child); educate mengaturkan: to arrange
peraturan: regulations
mengasuh: to bring up (a child); to educate; to teratur: orderly; arranged
nurse (an infant)
asuhan: up-bringing; care (of a child)
pengasuh: baby-sitter
aum
roar

asyik mengaum: to roar

besotted; infatuated; in love; engrossed

asyik maksyuk: infatuated; besotted

mengasyikkan: engrossing; occupying one's aur
attention fully bamboo

atap aurat
roof parts of the body that should not be exposed
according to Islamic belief
beratap: having a roof
beratapkan: to have as a roof
mengatapi: to roof
14
auta
bluff; deceit

ayak
sieve
awak
you mengayak: to sieve
pengayak: a sieve; a person who sieves
perawakan: personality; posture pengayakan: act of sieving

awal ayak-ayak
early; beginning crane-fly

awalan: grammatical prefix

berawalan: having a prefix
ayam
chicken; fowl

awam ayam belanda: turkey

civil; public; common; general ayam denak: jungle fowl
ayam sabung: fighting cock

awan
cloud ayan
tin; corrugated iron
berawan: cloudy
merawan: to be high in the clouds

ayat
sentence (set of words)
awas
caution

mengawasi: to supervise; to watch closely ayatullah

berawas-awas: to be cautious senior Muslim religious leader
pengawas: supervisor; monitor
pengawasan: supervision

ayu
pretty
awet
conserve; preserve; embalm

mengawet: to preserve ayun

pengawet: preservative oscillate; swing
pengawetan: preservation
berayun-ayun: to swing
mengayunkan: to swing

ayah
father
azab
berayah: having a father
ayahanda: father (in letter-writing)
15
 suffering embroil; involve (in argument or quarrel)
mengazab: to torture
keazaban: sufferings membabitkan: to involve; to implicate
pembabitan: involvement

azali
from time immemorial baca
read

membaca: to read
azam bacaan: act of reading; material to be read
determination; firmness of purpose membacakan: to read for
pembaca: reader
berazam: to be determined pembacaan: act of reading
keazaman: determination

bacul
azan cowardly; timid
a Muslim call to prayer
kebaculan: cowardice

azimat
talisman badai
hurricane
bab
chapter

badak
rhinoceros
babad
chronicle

badam
almond
babak
act or scene(of a play); episode; section of a
long piece of music
badan
(1)body (2)organization

babas berbadan: having a body

drift; sweep away berbadan dua: pregnant
memperbadankan: to corporatize
terbabas: driven out of its course; driven away perbadanan: corporation; institution
from from one's goal or principle

badik
babi dagger
pig

badut
babit clown; comedian
16
Badui bah
Bedouin deluge; flood

bagai bahagi
as if; like allot; distribute; divide

bagaikan: as if bahagian: division; part; portion; section

berbagai-bagai: of various types membahagi: to divide
kepelbagaian: variety membahagi-bahagikan: to distribute; to give
pelbagai: various away
membahagikan: to divide; to distribute
pembahagi: divider
pembahagian: allotment
bagaimana terbahagi: divided
how

bagaimanapun: however; no matter how or

what bahagia
sebagaimana: as; like blissful; lucky; blessed

berbahagia: fortunate; blissful

kebahagiaan: bliss; happiness
bagasi membahagiakan: to cause to be happy
baggage; cargo

bahak
baghal guffaw
mule
terbahak-bahak: to laugh loud and long

bagi
(1)for (2)give baham
gobble
membagi: to give
membaham: to gobble

baginda
His or Her Majesty bahan
substance; matter; material

bahan api: fuel

bagur
large and clumsy

bahana
loud noise or sound
bagus
nice; pleasant; good

17
bahang bahkan
heat moreover

membahang: to heat

bahlul
inane; silly
bahantara
medium (environment)

bahu
shoulder
bahari
ancient

baiduri
opal
baharu
new

membaharui: to renew baik

pembaharuan: renewal good; all right; fine

baik-baik: carefully
berbaik: to be on good terms
bahas kebaikan: goodness; benefit
debate or discussion membaiki: to repair
memperbaiki: to repair
berbahas: to debate; to discuss pembaikan: correction; improvement
membahaskan: to discuss; to debate; to sebaik-baik: as good as; just
criticize sebaiknya: better; as it should be
pembahas: debater terbaik: the best
perbahasan: a debate or discussion

bait
bahasa a poem with two lines; couplet
language

berbahasa: courteous; cultured; using a

language baitulmal
perbahasaan: speech; customary etiquette treasury

bahawa baja
that fertilizer

membaja: to fertilize

bahaya
danger
bajak
berbahaya: dangerous a plough
membahayakan: to endanger
membajak: to plough

18
 bakat
talent; flair; aptitude

baji berbakat: talented

a wedge

membaji: to split using a wedge

bakau
mangrove

bajik
welfare
bakawali
kebajikan: welfare a medicinal herbal plant

bajingan bakhil
scoundrel; rascal stingy; miserly

baju baki
clothes; dress balance; remainder

berbaju: dressed berbaki: having a balance or surplus

membajui: to put on clothes

bakti
bak devotion; dedication
like; similar
berbakti: to be devoted or dedicated
membaktikan: to dedicate

baka
heredity
baku
kebakaan: hereditary standard

membakukan: to standardize
pembakuan: standardization
bakal
future (adj.); aspirant; destined to become

bakul
basket
bakar
burn

kebakaran: a fire bakung

membakar: to burn amaryllis (lily-like plant)
terbakar: on fire; burnt
pembakaran: act of burning

bala
disaster; calamity
19
balada baldi
ballad pail; bucket

balah baldu
bicker velvet

berbalah: to bicker or quarrel

membalah: to oppose or defy
baligh
puberty

balai
hall; station
balik
balai raya: community hall (1)return (2)behind

berbalik: to turn back; to return

kebalikan: contrary to
balak membalik-balik: to flip over
log (timber) membalikkan: to invert; to reverse to position
menterbalikkan: to turn upside down
membalak: to log pembalikan: act of turning upside down; act of
pembalakan: logging returning
sebaliknya: on the contrary
terbalik: upside down; reversed

balam
spotted-neck dove
baling
berbalam: unclear; vague; hazy throw; fling

membaling: to throw; to fling

balang
flagon (vessel with lid, lip and handle for
serving wine) baling-baling
propeller; wind-vane

balar
albino balu
widow

balas
reciprocate; reply; avenge baluarti
bulwark; stone wall of defence
membalas: to reciprocate
balasan: reciprocation; response; reply;
revenge
berbalas-balasan: exchange balung
comb (of fowl)
20
balut bandul
wrap; envelop; bandage pendulum

balutan: wrapping; bandage membandul: to swing like a pendulum

berbalut: bandaged
membalut: to wrap; to bandage
membaluti: to wrap
pembalut: wrapping; bandage bangang
duff; stupid

banci
census bangat
fast; quick
bancian: census

bangau
bancuh stork; flamingo
mix; stir

membancuh: to mix; to stir

bancuhan: mixture bangga
pembancuhan: act of mixing or stirring elated; proud

berbangga: feeling proud

kebanggaan: pride
bandar membanggakan: to arouse a feeling of pride
town

bandaran: municipal
perbandaran: municipality banggul
bandaraya: city hillock; mound

bandela bangkai
bale; large bundle carcass

banding bangkang
compare oppose

membandingkan: to compare membangkang: to oppose

berbanding: compared with bangkangan: protest; objection; opposition
perbandingan: comparison pembangkang: the opposition; one who is
sebanding: comparable opposing

banduan bangkit
convict; prisoner evoke; bring to one's mind; get up

21
 berbangkit: to get up berbanjar: forming a line or row
kebangkitan: awakening; resurgence; membanjarkan: arrange in a row
emergence
membangkitkan: to evoke; to awaken; to raise;
to arouse a feeling in one's mind
banjir
flood

bangku membanjiri: to flood

bench; stool

bantah
bangsa protest; disobey; oppose
race; nation of people
membantah: to protest; to oppose
kebangsaan: national bantahan: a protest
sebangsa: of the same race pembantah: opposer

bangsal bantai
barn; shed slaughter; beat up

membantai: to slaughter; to beat up; to thrash

pembantaian: act of slaughtering
bangsat pembantai: butcher
vagrant; scoundrel

bantal
bangsawan pillow
high class or rank; nobility; Malay opera
berbantalkan: to use as a pillow
bantal golek: bolster
bantal peluk: bolster
bangsi
bamboo flute

banteras
fight against; eradicate; exterminate
bangun
stand; get up; wake up membanteras: to fight against; to eradicate
pembanterasan: eradication
bangunan: building
membangun: to get up; to rise; to develop
membangunkan: to awaken someone; to
develop; to construct banting
pembangunan: development; construction lambaste; reprimand severely

membanting: to beat; to lambaste; to thrash

membanting tulang: to work hard
banjar
row; range

banjaran: range of mountains bantu

22
 help; assist; back; aid barang
goods; things
membantu: to help; to assist
bantuan: assistance barangan: goods; commodity
pembantu: assistant; helper sebarang: whatever; any
sembarangan: whatever; any

bantut
stunt; hinder; stop barangkali
perhaps; maybe
membantutkan: to stunt; to hinder; to stop
terbantut: stunted

barat
west
banyak
much; many kebaratan: westernized
kebarat-baratan: westernized
banyak-banyak: in large quantities pembaratan: westernization
banyaknya: amount; a large number of
kebanyakan: most of; majority of
membanyakkan: to increase
sebanyak: as much as; as many as baring
sebanyak-banyaknya: at the most lie down
terbanyak: the most
berbaring: to lie down; to recline
membaringkan: to place in a recumbent
position
bapa terbaring: in a recumbent position
father

bapa saudara: uncle

berbapa: having a father baris
sebapa: having the same father line; row

barisan: line; front; troops

berbaris: to line up
bara membariskan: to arrange in rows
embers pembaris: ruler
perbarisan: parade
membara: furious; smouldering

baru
barah new
cancer
baru-baru: recently
berbarah: having cancer membarui: to renew
membarah: cancerous memperbarui: to renew
pembaruan: renovations; reforms

baran
grumpy; ill-tempered barut
diaper; dressing; bandage

23
 (1) limits; confines; boundaries (2) vegetable
bed

basah membatasi: to limit

wet pembatasan: limitation
perbatasan: border area; frontier area
basah kuyup: drenched terbatas: limited; restricted
basahan: daily used items or clothes berbatas: having a border
membasahi: to wet
membasahkan: to wet

batik
type of textile print
basi
stale; mouldy (of food)

batin
of the inner feelings; mental
basmi
eradicate; destroy tok batin: Proto-Malay tribal chief
batiniah: spiritual
membasmi: to eradicate kebatinan: inner self
pembasmian: eradication

batu
basuh (1) stone; rock (2) mile
wash
batu api: instigator
basuhan: something that is washed batu asah: whetstone
membasuh: to wash berbatu-batu: stony
membatu: to keep silent
batuan: rock

bata
brick
batuk
cough

batal terbatuk-batuk: to cough uncontrollably

invalid; null; cancelled

membatalkan: to cancel
pembatalan: cancellation bau
smell; aroma; odour

bau-bauan: scent; fragrance; perfume

batang berbau: to emit an odour
bar; strip; long solid piece; numerical terbau: got the smell
coefficient for cylindrical objects

batang hidung: bridge of the nose

bauk
sideburns; whiskers

batas

24
baur shadow; reflection
mix
bayang-bayang: shadow; reflection;
berbaur: mixed (with) imagination
bauran: mixture; hotchpotch bayangan: shadow; image
berbayang: shadowy; to cast a shadow
membayangi: to form an image; to follow and
spy on
bawa membayangkan: to suggest; to imply
bring; carry terbayang: reflected; pictured
terbayangkan: imagined; reflected
membawa: to bring; to carry
membawakan: to bring something for someone
terbawa: taken unintentionally
terbawa-bawa: to be involved; to be influenced bayar
pembawa: bearer; carrier pay
pembawaan: talent
membayar: to pay
bayaran: payment
membayarkan: to pay
bawah pembayar: payer
below; under pembayaran: payment

bawahan: subordinate; of lower rank or

position; inferior
terbawah: lowest bayi
terkebawah: lowest baby

bawal bayu
ponfret breeze

bawang bazir
onion waste

bawang merah: shallot membazirkan: to waste

bawang putih: garlic pembaziran: wastage

baya bebal
age imbecile; idiotic; silly; foolish; stupid

sebaya: same age group

beban
burden; responsibility
bayam
spinach bebanan: burden; responsibility
membebani: to burden someone
membebankan: to burden someone

bayang

25
bebas
free; independent

kebebasan: freedom bedak

membebaskan: to liberate; to release powder

bedak sejuk: powder made from rice

berbedak: powdered
bebat membedaki: to powder
bandage; dressing

membebat: to apply a dressing to a wound

bedal
whip; beat

bebawang membedal: to whip; to beat

bulb (of plant)

bedek
bebel aim at
incomprehensible utterings
membedek: to take aim at
membebel: to utter incoherently

bedil
beberapa gunpowder; gun
several
bedilan: shooting; firing
membedil: to shoot

bebibir
flange; projecting rim
beduk
big drum used in the mosque

beca
trishaw; rickshaw
begar
headstrong; hard; firm

becak
muddy
begini
like this

becok
fond of chatting; talkative
begitu
like that; so

bedah
operate; dissect
beguk
membedah: to operate mumps
pembedahan: surgical operation
26
 (1) advocate; defend; avenge (2) rear or breed

membela: to defend; to avenge; to look after

bejana pembelaan: defence; protection
canister belaan: that which is taken care of

bekal belacan
cater; supply food shrimp paste

bekalan: provisions; stock; supply; ration

berbekal: having a supply of
membekalkan: to supply; to provide; to furnish belacu
pembekal: supplier calico
pembekalan: that which is supplied

belah
bekam to split; to bisect; to cut in half
seize; grip
belahan: cleft; cleavage
membekam: to draw blood from berbelah bagi: half-hearted
membelah: to split
menyebelahi: to take sides; to side with
sebelah: half; beside; towards
bekas sebelah-menyebelah: on both sides
(1) former; ex- (2) container (3) traces bersebelahan: side by side; near
terbelah: apart; separated
bekas darah: blood stain
bekas luka: scar
berbekas: having marks or traces
belai
cherish; coaxing; caress

bekat belaian: coaxing; caress

full membelai: to cherish; to caress
membelai-belai: to cherish; to caress

beku
frozen; hardened; solidified belak
mottled
otak beku: stupid person
membekukan: to cause to freeze or solidify
membeku: to coagulate or clot
pembekuan: coagulation belaka
altogether; entirely; quite

bekuan
hot belakang
back; rear; behind

belakangan: recently
bela membelakangi: to ignore; to disregard
membelakangkan: to ignore; to disregard; to
27
 place at the back belas
terkebelakang: out-of-date; far behind (1) compassion; pity; mercy (2) numerals from
eleven to nineteen

belasan: teenager; numerals from eleven to

belalai nineteen
elephant's trunk; proboscis kesebelasan: eleventh
berbelas: having sympathy or pity

belalang
grasshopper belasah
flog; whip

membelasah: to flog; to whip

Belanda
Dutch

belat
fish-trap
belang
stripe

berbelang: striped belati

European

belanga
clay cooking pot belau
shimmering

belauan: diffraction of light

belangkas
king-crab

belebas
ledge; lath
belanja
expenses; expenditure

belanjawan: budget belek

berbelanja: to spend scrutinise
membelanjakan: to spend
perbelanjaan: expenditure membelek: to scrutinise

belantan belengas
club; bludgeon; truncheon sticky

belantara belenggu
forest manacle; handcuff; shackle

membelenggu: to handcuff; to shackle

terbelenggu: handcuffed; shackled
28
 pembelit: swindler; deceiver
terbelit: coiled; twined

belerang
sulphur
beliung
hatchet; small axe; adze

beli
buy
belok
membeli: to buy turn (in direction)
belian: the purchase
membeli-belah: shopping membelok: to turn (in direction)
membelikan: to buy for membelokkan: to change the course or
pembeli: purchaser direction
pembelian: the purchase belokan: a bend or curve; a change of direction
terbeli: able to buy

belot
belia betray
youth
membelot: to betray
pembelot: traitor
pembelotan: betrayal; treason
beliak
dilated; wide open (of eyes)

terbeliak: wide open belukar

membeliakkan: to dilate bush; shrub; secondary forest

beliau belulang
he or she hide; untanned leather; patch of hardened skin

belikat belum
shoulder-blade not yet

sebelum: before

belimbing
starfruit
belut
eel

belit
circumlocutary; twisting; twining
bembam
membelit: to coil or twine around roast in hot embers
belitan: a coil
berbelit-belit: coiled; twined; twisted membembam: to roast in hot embers
membelitkan: to entwine

29
benak treasurer; bursar
silly; stupid

bendalir
benam fluid
embed; immerse in water

terbenam: immersed in water; embedded

membenamkan: to immerse; to embed bendang
wet rice-fields

benang
thread bendar
ditch or moat

benar
genuine; true; real; correct bendela
bale; package
benar-benar: really; truly; very
kebenaran: truth; permission; approval
membenarkan: to allow; to permit
sebenarnya: in fact bendera
flag

bencana
(1) harmful; very unpleasant (2) disaster bendi
lady's finger

benci
hate; detest bendul
cross-beam
kebencian: hatred
membenci: to hate; to loathe
pembenci: one who hates
bendung
barrier; dyke

benda membendung: to barricade; to dam

thing

kebendaan: materialism
bengal
temporarily deaf; stubborn

bendahara
chief minister of a Malay State
bengang
perbendaharaan: treasury buzzing or ringing in the ears

bendahari bengis
30
 cruel; harsh goitre

membengis: to act cruelly

benih
seed
bengkak
(1) swollen; bloated (2) swelling

membengkak: to swell bening

transparent; clear; limpid

bengkalai
unfinished benjol
bump or swelling, esp. left by a blow
terbengkalai: unfinished

bentak
bengkang snarl; snap
zig-zag
membentak: to snarl; to snap
bengkang-bengkok: zig-zag

bentan
bengkarung relapse
newt

bentang
bengkel spread out (carpet or mat)
workshop
membentang: to spread out (carpet or mat); to
put forward (a proposal)
membentangi: to spread out or unroll (carpet or
bengkeng mat)
cantankerous; irritable terbentang; spread out or unrolled

membengkengi: to scold; to irritate

bentar
moment
bengkok
bent; crooked sebentar: a moment
sebentar-sebentar: at short intervals
membengkokkan: to bend

bentara
bengkung herald; state proclamation officer
sash for the waist; corset; girdle

benteng
benguk
31
 stronghold; fortress chestnut

berbentengkan: use as a fort

membentengi: fortify
berbenteng: fortified berangsang
pep; vigour

memberangsangkan: to fill with vigour; to

bentuk enliven
form; shape; appearance

berbentuk: having the form of

membentuk: to form; to create; to mould berangus
pembentukan: formation; creation; muzzle
establishment
sebentuk: numerical coefficient for curved
objects
terbentuk: formed; established berani
brave

keberanian: bravery
benua memberanikan: to encourage
continent berani mati: not afraid of death

bera berapa
blush; flushing of face how much; how many

seberapa: any amount; as much or as many as

berahi
amorous; feeling sexual love
beras
keberahian: passion rice
memberahikan: to arouse passion
beras kunyit: saffron rice
beras pulut: glutinous rice

berak
defecate
berat
terberak: to defecate heavy; tough

beratnya: weight
keberatan: reluctant
beranda
gallery; verandah; terrace

berenga
maggot
berang
disgruntled; discontented; annoyed

beres
in order; settled
berangan
32
 membereskan: to settle; to arrange boon; benefit; blessing
pemberesan: settlement; arrangement
memberkati: to bless

Berhad
Limited berlian
diamond

berhala
idol; image; fetish; worshipped object bernas
full (of grain); highly spirited (of speech);
factual and convincing (of writing); fertile and
productive (of cultivation)
beri
give

memberi: to give berontak

memberikan: to give rebel; revolt
pemberian: gift; allowance
pemberi: one who gives memberontak: to rebel; to revolt
pemberontak: a rebel; an insurgent
pemberontakan: a rebellion; a revolt

beringin
banyan tree
beroti
batten

berita
news
bersih
berita angin: rumour clean
berita kilat: newsflash
memberitakan: to inform kebersihan: cleanliness
pemberita: reporter; journalist membersihkan: to clean
pembersih: cleaner
pembersihan: act of cleaning

beritahu
inform
bersin
memberitahu: to inform sneeze
pemberitahuan: announcement; notification

bersut
berkas glower; scowl
bundle

memberkas: to bind; to arrest

memberkaskan: to bind; to fasten bertih
rice fried in the husk

bertih jagung: popcorn

berkat
33
 besok
tomorrow

beruang
bear
bestari
well-bred; intelligent

berudu
tadpole
besut
refine metal

beruk membesut: to refine metal; to spurt (of water or

monkey blood)

berus beta
brush I; me (used by king)

memberus: to brush

betah
recovered; accustomed
besan
parents of a married couple

betapa
how (emphasising the degree)
besar
big

besar hati: proud; elated betik

besar kepala: stubborn; conceited; big-headed papaya
besar mulut: boastful
besar-besaran: grand; on a large scale
berbesar hati: grateful
kebesaran: greatness betina
membesar: to grow big female
membesar-besarkan: to exaggerate
membesarkan: to enlarge
membesarkan diri: to brag
memperbesar: to enlarge or expand beting
pembesar: dignitary sandbar; sandbank
terbesar: largest

betis
besi calf (of leg)
iron (metal)

besi baja: steel

besi berani: magnet betul
correct; true

betul-betul: truly; exactly; really

34
 kebetulan: by coincidence; by chance; bias
incidentally deflect; refract
membetulkan: to correct; to rectify
pembetulan: correction biasan: refraction; diversion
sebetulnya: in fact membiaskan: to deflect; to refract

betung biasa
a large type of bamboo habitual; usual; ordinary

pembetungan: sewerage biasanya: usually

kebiasaan: custom; habit; practice
membiasakan: to accustom; to familiarise

beza
difference
biasiswa
berbeza: to differ; to be different scholarship
berbeza-beza: differently
membeza-bezakan: to differentiate; to
discriminate; to distinguish between
membezakan: to differentiate biawak
perbezaan: difference; dissimilarity iguana
pembezaan: differentiation; discrimination;
classification

biaya
cost; expenses
biadab
impolite; discourteous dibiayai: defrayed
membiayai: to defray; to subsidise
kebiadaban: rudeness pembiayaan: financing; subsidisation
pembiaya: the person who pays for the
expenses

biak
prolific; productive; fertile
bibir
membiak: to multiply; to reproduce lip
membiakkan: to breed; to rear
pembiakan: breeding; reproduction

bicara
discussion
biar
let; allow berbicara: to discuss
membicarakan: to discuss; to deliberate over;
membiarkan: to allow; to neglect; to ignore to preside over a court case
terbiar: neglected; ignored pembicaraan: discussion
perbicaraan: court hearing or trial

biara
convent; monastery bicu
jack (for lifting heavy objects)

35
 biduan
male singer

bidaah
heresy
biduanda
pageboy; valet

bidadari
houri (beautiful woman of the Muslim
paradise) biduanita
female singer

bidai
blinds; screen bijak
judicious; smart; wise

kebijakan: intelligence; smartness

bidak
pawn

bijaksana
judicious; smart; wise
bidal
thimble kebijaksanaan: wisdom; prudence

bidalan: proverb

bijan
sesame seed
bidan
midwife

biji
seed; grain; pip; numerical coefficient for fruits
bidang and small spherical objects
domain; field or range of activity; numeral
coefficient for things that are spread out and berbiji: having seed
flat biji-bijian: cereals

bidas bijih
criticise; spring back or rebound ore

membidas: to criticise; to spring back or bijih besi: iron ore

rebound bijih timah: tin ore

bidik bijirin
aim at cereal

membidik: to aim at

bikin
36
 make

membikin: to make; to manufacture

bikinan: product; creation bimbang
fearful; worried; anxious; nervous

kebimbangan: anxiety; worry

biku membimbangkan: to cause anxiety
edging; trimming

bimbing
bila lead; guide
when; if
bimbingan: guidance; tuition; advice
bila-bila: whenever membimbing: to lead; to guide
pembimbing: a guide or leader; adviser

bilah
blade (of knife or sword); lath; numerical bimbit
coefficient for weapons of sharpened metal carry dangling in the hand

membimbit: to carry dangling in the hand

bilal
muezzin
bin
son of

bilang
calculate; count; tell; repeat
bina
bilangan: number; amount; quantity construct; build
berbilang: several; numerous
membilang: to count; to call out; to say binaan: something built or constructed
sebilangan: a number of membina: to construct; to build
terbilang: counted; included; famous pembina: builder
pembinaan: construction

bilas
rinse; wash; cleanse binasa
destroyed; ruined
membilas: to rinse or wash
bilasan: cleansing; rinsing membinasakan: to destroy
pembinasa: destroyer
pembinasaan: destruction

bilik
room
binatang
animal

bilis kebinatangan: animalistic characteristics;

bloodshot eye bestiality

37
 bingkis
parcel; package

bincang bingkisan: a gift or present

discuss membingkis: to send a gift or present
accompanied by a letter
berbincang: to discuss; to deliberate
berbincang-bincang: to discuss
membincangkan: to discuss
perbincangan: discussion bingung
bewildered; confused

kebingungan: bewilderment; confusion

bincut membingungkan: to confuse; to puzzle; to
lump; swelling perplex

bingal bini
stubborn wife

berbini: married (for a man)

bingit
deafening
bintang
membingitkan: to deafen tmporarily star

berbintang: starry
sebintang: compatible
bingka membintangi: to act in a film
a type of cake made from tapioca perbintangan: astronomy; astrology

bingkah binti
nugget; chunk daughter of

bingkai bintik
frame spot; dot

berbintik: spotted; dotted

bingung
bewildered; confused
bintil
nodule; pimple

bingkas
bounce; rebound
biola
membingkas: to bounce; to rebound violin

38
birai expert; skilled
blind or screen, esp. on roller, for window;
balustrade

bisu
mute or dumb
biras
relationship between two brothers' wives or membisu: to remain silent
between two sisters' husbands

bisul
biri-biri boil; abscess
sheep

bius
biru anesthesia
blue
membius: to anesthetise
biru lebam: blue black pembiusan: anesthetisation
biru muda: light blue
kebiru-biruan: bluish
kebiruan: blueness
bobok
sleep

bisa membobok: to gurgle

venom; malice membobokkan: to put a child to sleep

berbisa: venomous; malicious

bocor
leaking; a leak
bisik
whisper kebocoran: leakage
membocorkan: to cause a leak; to puncture
bisikan: a murmur; a whisper
berbisik: to whisper
membisikkan: to whisper
bodoh
stupid

bising kebodohan: stupidity

noisy memperbodohkan: to make a fool of

kebisingan: noisiness
membising: to make noise
bogel
nude; naked

biskop berbogel: nude; naked

bishop membogelkan: to undress

bistari boh
39
 cow's moo

bomoh
bohong Malay medicine-man
lie; bluff

berbohong: to lie
membohongi: to lie to; to deceive bonceng
membohongkan: to denounce as a lie; to deny sponger; ride pillion
pembohong: liar
pembohongan: a lie membonceng: to get a lift from; to sponge on
somebody
memboncengkan: to give a lift to
pembonceng: passenger
bola
ball

bonda
mother
bolak-balik
vacillation

berbolak-balik: to vacillate; to hesitate boneka

membolak-balik: to twist and turn doll; puppet

boleh bonggol
can; able to; permitted to hump

boleh jadi: maybe berbonggol: having a hump

berkebolehan: capable; talented
kebolehan: ability
membolehkan: to permit; to allow
seboleh-bolehnya: to the best of one's ability bongkah
block or solid piece

berbongkah-bongkah: in large chunks or

bolos pieces
pierced; penetrated; stripped off (hair, feathers,
clothes, etc.

membolos: to abandon; to desert bongkak

arrogant; boastful

bolot
wrap up bongkar
unpack; unload
membolot: to wrap up; to bundle together; to
win membongkar: to unpack; to unload
bongkar-bangkir: in disorder
membongkar rahsia: to expose a secret
membongkar sauh: to raise up the anchor
bomba terbongkar: forced open; exposed
fire brigade pembongkaran: disclosure; upheaval
40
 wholesale

memborong: to buy wholesale

bongkok memborongkan: to sell wholesale
hunchback pemborong: wholesaler

membongkok: to stoop; to humble oneself

membongkokkan: to bend; to stoop; to bow
terbongkok-bongkok; doubled up boros
extravagant

memboroskan: to waste
bongsu borosan: extravagance
youngest (of children); lowest (of rungs of pemboros: spendthrift
ladder or steps)

bosan
bonjol bored
a bulge; a lump
kebosanan: boredom
membosankan: to bore
pembosan: one who is easily bored
boo
exclamation of disapproval

botak
bald
bopeng
pock-marked membotakkan: to make bald

bor boyak
tool for drilling drab; dull; uninteresting; tasteless

borak boyot
talk idly pot-bellied

berborak: to talk idly

buah
(1)fruit (2)numeral coefficient for large objects
borang
form (document) buah fikiran: opinion; thought
buah hati: sweetheart
buah-buahan: fruits
berbuah: to bear fruit
borek membuahkan: to produce; to yield; to cause
speckled; spotted buah pinggang: kidney

borong buai

41
 swing; rock; sway buaya
crocodile
buaian: a cradle; a swing
berbuai-buai: to swing buaya darat: thief; scoundrel
membuai: to make something swing
terbuai-buai: swinging; swaying; rocking

bubar
disband; disperse; scatter
buak
effervescence membubarkan: to disperse; to liquidate
pembubaran: liquidation; disbandment

bual
converse bubu
fish-trap made of bamboo and rattan
bualan: talk; chatter; conversation
berbual: to converse
perbualan: conversation
bubuh
put; add; affix

buang membubuhi: to add; to affix

discard; throw membubuhkan: to add; to affix

membuang: to throw
membuangkan: to throw away; to discard
terbuang: discarded bubuk
buangan: something that has been discarded woodworm

buas bubul
savage; uncivilised; wild cobble; mend roughly

membuas: act savagely

bubur
porridge
buasir
pile; haemorrhoid

bucu
corner; angle
buat
make; do or perform

membuat: to do; to make; to cause budak

buat sementara: temporarily child
buatan: brand; manufactured by; product of
perbuatan: deed; act kebudak-budakan: childish
pembuatan: manufacture; production
buat-buatan: pretence

budaya

42
 culture membuka: to open
membukakan: to expose; to open; to reveal
budayawan: cultured person pembukaan: opening
kebudayaan: culture terbuka: not covered; unlimited; public
bukaan: an opening or aperture

budi
kindness; good deed bukan
non-; not; does not
budi bahasa: good manners
budi bicara: discretion; common-sense bukan-bukan: absurdity; nonsense
budi pekerti: disposition; character
berbudi: kind; wise; sensible

bukit
hill
budiman
wise; generous berbukit: hilly
berbukit-bukit: hilly
membukit: to pile up; to heap up

bugar
strong and healthy
bukti
evidence; proof

buih membuktikan: to prove

foam terbukti: proven

berbuih: foaming

buku
(1)book (2)loaf (of bread) (3)knot (in wood)
bujang (4)node
(1)celebate (2)unmarried man; bachelor
buku lima: fist
membukukan: to record; to note; to put into
book form
bujuk pembukuan: an entry in a book
persuade; coax

bujukan: persuasion
bulan
(1)moon (2)month

bujur bulan madu: honeymoon

oblong; oval; longitudinal bulan purnama: full moon
bulan sabit: crescent
membujur: to stretch out lengthwise bulanan: monthly
terbujur: stretched out lengthwise berbulan-bulan: for several months

buka bulang
open

43
 band; strip; head-dress mengebumikan: to bury
pengebumian: burial
bulangan: ribbon

buncit
bulat distended; bloated
circular; round; spherical
membuncitkan: to inflate
bulatan: (1)circle (2)traffic roundabout
membulatkan: to make circular or round
sebulat: unanimous
bundar
round; globular

bulbul membundarkan: to make something round

nightingale

bunga
buli-buli (1)flower (2)interest (monetary)
(1)small flask or jug (2)small gland
bunga api: sparklers
bunga-bungaan: all kinds of flowers
berbunga: to produce flowers
bulu berbunga-bunga: floral; flowery
fur; body hair; feathers membungai: to decorate

berbulu: hairy; feathery

bulu babi: sea-urchin
bulu kambing: wool bungkal
bulu kening: eyebrows lump; weight

buluh bungkam
bamboo quiet; speechless

membungkam: to gag; to silence

pembungkam: silencer
bulur
hungry

kebuluran: starvation bungkus

wrap up

bungkusan: parcel; package

bumbung membungkus: to wrap
roof pembungkusan: packaging
berbungkus: wrapped up
membumbung: to rise; to ascend pembungkus: wrapper

bumi bunian
(1)earth (2)dry land invisible forest elf or spirit

44
 sound

bunyi-bunyian: music
buntak berbunyi: to sound
short and stout membunyikan: to produce a sound
sebunyi: of the same sound

buntal
(1)bloated; pot-bellied (2)globe-fish buru
hunt

berburu: to hunt
buntang memburu: to hunt
wide open and staring (of eyes) pemburu: hunter
pemburuan: a hunt
membuntang: to stare wide-eyed perburuan: prey
terburu-buru: in great haste

buntil
cloth knapsack buruh
labourer; worker

perburuhan: labour
bunting
pregnant (of animals)

buruj
constellation of stars
buntu
blocked or closed

kebuntuan: deadlock buruk

bad; ugly

buruk laku: ill-mannered

buntut buruk makan: gluttonous
bottom or buttocks buruk sangka: prejudiced
buruk siku: to take back what has been given
membuntuti: to trail; to follow keburukan: ugliness; badness; wickedness
memburukkan: to worsen; to aggravate

bunuh
kill burung
bird
berbunuhan: killing of one another
membunuh: to kill
pembunuh: killer; murderer
pembunuhan: murder; killing burut
terbunuh: killed hernia

bunyi busa

45
 froth; foam

berbusa: to froth; to foam

membusa: to pant; to puff cabang
branch

bercabang: having branches

busuk bercabang-cabang: having many branches
rotten; bad; putrid

membusuk: to give out a strong bad odour

membusukkan: to disgrace or defame; to cabar
putrefy challenge
kebusukan: decay; badness
cabaran: a challenge
mencabar: to challenge
pencabar: challenger
busung
bloated; distended

cabik
tattered; ragged; torn
busur
bow (for shooting arrows) mencabik: to tear or rip
mencabikkan: to tear or rip

busut
molehill; anthill cabul
indecent; disgusting

mencabul: to molest
buta mencabuli: to molest
blind pencabulan: violation; molestation

buta huruf: illiterate

membuta: (1)to sleep soundly (2)to act blindly
cabut
(1) to pull out (2) to flee

butang cabut lari: to leave immediately

button cabutan: a draw (as in a lottery)
mencabut: to pull out; to extract by pulling
mencabut nyawa: to take a life
mencabut undi: to draw lots
butir tercabut: has been pulled out
(1)item; fact; point (2)numeral coefficient for
small round objects

cacah
tattoo
buyung
earthenware bercacah: tattooed
mencacah: to tattoo
cabai
chilli

46
cacak lift up (e.g. snake's head about to strike)
upright or erect (for pole)
mencaduk: to lift up (e.g. snake's head about to
mencacak: to plant upright strike)
mencacakkan: to plant upright
tercacak: upright or erect

cagar
deposit; mortgage
cacar
smallpox cagaran: a deposit
mencagarkan: to pawn; to mortgage; to deposit
bercacar: vaccinated against smallpox as security
pencacaran: vaccination against smallpox

cagut
cacat peck or eat with beak
defective; handicapped; deformed
mencagut: to peck or eat with beak
cacat akal: mentally retarded
kecacatan: a handicap or defect
mencacati: to abuse; to deface; to deform
cahaya
light; radiance

caci bercahaya: giving out light

scorn; abuse

cacian: an abusive remark

bercaci-cacian: to exchange abusive remarks cair
mencaci: to scorn; to abuse liquid

cairan: solution; dilution

mencairkan: to liquefy; to melt; to dilute
cacing pencairan: liquefaction
worm

cakah
cadang obtuse; blunt
intend

bercadang: intend
cadangan: proposal; suggestion cakap
mencadangkan: to propose; to plan; to suggest talk; speak
pencadang: proposer
bercakap: to talk; to speak
bercakap-cakap: to chat
percakapan: conversation; talk
cadar
bedsheet

cakar
(1) a claw (2) claw or scratch
caduk
bercakar: to argue
47
 mencakar: to scratch; to claw cam
pencakar langit: skyscraper recognise; identify

mengecam: to recognise; to identify

mengecamkan: to ascertain the identity of
cakera pengecaman: identification
wheel; disc

cakera padat: compact disc

camar
seagull

cekerawala
universe; firmament
cambah
burgeon; begin to grow rapidly

cakup bercambah: germinate; sprout

catch something by using hand or mouth mencambahkan: to sow
percambahan: germination
mencakup: to catch something using hand or
mouth

camca
spoon
calar
abrasion; scratch

calar-balar: badly scratched campak

bercalar: having been scratched (1) throw; fling; hurl (2) measles
mencalarkan: to scratch
tercalar: injured by being scratched mencampak: to throw; to fling
mencampakkan: to throw away; to fling; to
hurl; to cast away
tercampak: thrown
calit
smear or smudge

calitkan: to smear with campur

mencalit: to smear or smudge mix
mencalitkan: to smear or smudge
campur tangan: interfere
campuran: mixture; combination
bercampur: to be involved; to associate
calon bercampur baur: mixed (feelings)
candidate bercampur gaul: to mingle
mencampur: to mix
mencalonkan: to nominate mencampuradukkan: to mix up; to muddle up
pencalonan: nomination mencampuri: to mix with; to associate with
mencampurkan: to mix
tercampur: mixed; blended

calung
dipper; ladle; cup for collecting latex
canai
grind; polish

48
 batu canai: whet-stone; grinding wheel
roti canai: a flat Malaysian bread made from
wheat
mencanai: to roll out the dough; to grind; to cangkir
polish small cup

canang cangkuk
gong hook

mencanangkan: to announce mencangkuk: to hook

mencangkukkan: to attach hooks to
tercangkuk: hooked

candat
grapnel
cangkul
hoe

candu mencangkul: to hoe; to dig

opium

cangkung
cangak squat
look up
mencangkung: to squat
mencangak: to look up

cantas
canggah to prune, trim or lop
(1) fork (2) dissent
mencantas: to prune, trim or lop
bercanggah: in opposition; conflicting; forked
bercanggahan: in opposition; conflicting;
forked
percanggahan: opposition; conflict cantik
beautiful

kecantikan: beauty
canggih mencantikkan: to beautify
(1) sophisticated (2) excessively talkative

kecanggihan: sophistication
cantum
coalesce; join together; come together

canggung bercantum: to join together; to coalesce; to

gauche; awkward; clumsy come together
mencantumkan: to join; to merge; to bring
together
percantuman: merger; union
cangkat tercantum: joined together
hillock

49
cap carik
stamp; print; trade mark tear or rip

cap jari: fingerprint mencarik-carikkan: to tear into small pieces

cap mohor: royal or official seal
mengecap: to imprint; to stamp a mark or
brand
carta
chart; map; table; diagram

capai
achieve; attain; accomplish
caruk
mencapai: to achieve; to attain; to accomplish gorge; eat greedily
pencapaian: achievement; accomplishment;
attainment
tercapai: achieved
carum
fee; subscription

capal caruman: fee; subscription

sandals

carut
capik obscenity
lame; limping
mencarut: to talk obscenely
tercapik-capik: limping

cas
cara electrical charge
way; means; method

secara: by way of; like; resembling

cat
paint

cari bercat: painted

search mengecat: to paint

mencari: to search; to look for

mencari-cari: to search; to look for
mencarikan: to look for catat
tercari-cari: looking for; searching note down; jot down
pencarian: livelihood
mencatat: to note down; to jot down
catatan: a note
mencatatkan: to note down; to jot down
carigali pencatat: registrar
exploration

mencarigali: to explore
catu
ration

50
 catuan: a ration; a fixed allowance cebis
mencatukan: to ration bit; piece
pencatuan: rationing
cebisan: a small piece or quantity

catuk
peck with beak cebok
(1) water dipper (2) wash up after defaecating
mencatuk: to peck with beak or urinating

mencebok: to wash the lower part of the body

after defaecating or urinating
catur
chess

cebur
catut plunge
pincers
mencebur: to plunge
menceburi: to get involved in; to plunge into
menceburkan: to plunge into; to get involved in
cauk
dimple

cecah
dip lightly
cawak
dimple mencecah: to dip lightly
mencecahkan: to touch something lightly

cawan
cup cecair
liquid

cawangan
branch (e.g. of office) ceceh
bleat

cawat
loincloth cecekik
noose
bercawat: to wear a loincloth

cedera
cebik injure
pout; jeer; mock
kecederaan: injury
mencebik: to pout; to jeer; to mock mencederakan: to injure; to hurt
mencebikkan: to pout tercedera: injured; wounded

51
cedok kecekapan: competence; efficiency
scoop up ketidakcekapan: incompetent

mencedok: to scoop up
pencedok: a scoop
cekau
clutch at; grasp at

cegah mencekau: to clutch at; to grasp at

deter; prevent

mencegah: to deter; to prevent; to hinder

pencegah: something that prevents; preventive cekik
pencegahan: prevention choke; strangle

mencekik darah: daylight robbery

tercekik: choking; to be choked
cegat
stand erect or upright

tercegat: stand erect or upright cekuh

hold with the hand

mencekuh: to hold with the hand

cekah
to crack or split

cekung
concave
cekak
amount one can hold with thumb and finger

secekak: amount one can hold with thumb and cekup

finger cover or catch something with the palm
bercekak: with arms akimbo
bercekak pinggang: standing with arms mencekup: to cover or catch something with
akimbo the palm
mencekak: to hold between thumb and finger

cela
cekal fault; blame; flaw; misdeed
resolute; firm; determined
celaan: criticism; rebuke
cekal hati: stout-hearted; steadfast mencela: to blame; to criticise; to rebuke
mencelakan: to blame; to criticise; to rebuke
tercela: despicable

cekang
stiff; taut; tight
celaan
severe criticism and rebuke

cekap
efficient; proficient; competent
celah

52
 interspace; slit; crevice; cleft celoteh
chat
mencelah: to interrupt
berceloteh: to chatter

celak
eye-liner celungap
eat greedily

celaka
fatal; fateful; inauspicious; damn celup
dip in liquid; dye
kecelakaan: misfortune; accident
mencelakakan: to cause misfortune; to ruin mencelup: to dip; to immerse temporarily
mencelupkan: to dip; to immerse temporarily
pencelup: dye
pencelupan: act of dipping
celana
trousers

celur
immerse in boiling water; scald
celapak
straddle mencelur: to scald

mencelapak: to straddle

celus
penetrate or slip in
celaru
disorganised; disorderly mencelus: to penetrate; to slip in

bercelaru; disorganised; disorderly

mencelarukan: to disorganise
cemar
contaminated; impure; polluted

celepa mencemari: to contaminate; to pollute

metal containers for cigarettes, tobacco, etc mencemarkan: to dirty; to tarnish
pencemaran: pollution; contamination
tercemar: contaminated; polluted

celik
open (eyes); wake up
cemara
mencelik mata: to open the eyes wig; artificial hair
mencelikkan: to open the eyes

cemas
celopar dreaded; frightened; worried; desperate
talkative; out-spoken; very frank
kecemasan: emergency; urgency
mencemaskan: to cause fear

53
 prawn pickle

cembul
container; receptacle cencang
chop or mince

mencencang: to chop or mince

cembung
convex

cencorot
musk-shrew or shrew-mouse
cemburu
jealous

cendana
sandalwood
cemerlang
excellent

kecemerlangan: excellence; glory; glow; cendawan

radiance mushroom

bercendawan: mouldy

cemeti
whip
cendekia
intellectual; learned

cemik cendekiawan: an intellectual

pout lips to sneer

mencemik: to pout one's lips to sneer or tease

mencemikkan: to pout; to sneer cendera
(1) moon (2) deity

cempaka
a type of tree with sweet-smelling flowers cenderamata
souvenir

cempedak
a fruit resembling the jackfruit cenderawasih
bird of paradise

cemuh
flout or disobey openly; ridicule cenderung
inclined or sloping
mencemuhkan: to ridicule
kecenderungan: tendency; inclination

cencaluk
54
cendol cepat
a drink made of jelly-like strands of dough and quick; fast; early
coconut milk
kecepatan: quickness; speed
mempercepatkan: to quicken; to speed up
secepat: as quickly as
cengang
amaze

tercengang-cengang: amazed cepiau

hat with strings that tie under the chin; bonnet

cengkadak
praying mantis cepoa
abacus

cengkam
grasp or clutch tightly cepoh
club-footed
cengkaman: grasp; grip; clutch; stranglehold
mencengkam: to grasp; to clutch

cepu
small ornamental casket
cengkeram
deposit cepudebunga: anther

cengkerama cepumas
amuse jackpot

bercengkerama: to amuse

ceracap
castanets
cengkerik
cricket or cicada (insect)

ceracau
mutter or talk nonsense
cengkih
clove (spice) menceracau: to mutter or talk nonsense; to cry
in one's sleep

cengkung
sunken or hollow (of eyes or cheeks) cerah
bright; fair (light-coloured); fine (weather);
promising

cenuram
cliff
cerai

55
 divorce; separate; scatter bright; clever; intelligent

ceraian: section of a written law or agreement kecerdekan: intelligence

bercerai: divorced; to part
bercerai-berai: scattered; broken up
menceraikan: to divorce; to separate
perceraian: separation; divorce cerek
tercerai: separated; scattered kettle

cerakin cereka
to analyse story; fiction

mencerakin: to analyse
mencerakinkan: to analyse
cerewet
fussy; fastidious

ceramah
a lecture or talk
cergas
berceramah: to lecture energetic; alert; full of initiative
penceramah: speaker
kecergasan: agility; alertness

cerana
metal box cerita
story

bercerita: to tell a story

cerang menceritakan: to narrate
moor penceritaan: narration of a story

cerat cermat
nozzle careful; cautious; thrifty

mencermatkan: to economise

cerca
scorn; insult
cermin
mencerca: to scorn; to insult mirror

cermin mata: spectacles

cerminan: reflection
cerdas bercermin: having a mirror
apt; intelligent mencerminkan: to reflect; to give an
impression of
kecerdasan: intelligence

cerna
cerdik
56
 digest

mencernakan: to digest
pencernaan: digestion cerun
steep slope (at edge of plateau)

kecerunan: gradient; steepness

ceroboh
(1) trespass; gatecrash; intrude (2) graceless

menceroboh: to trespass cerut

penceroboh: trespasser; intruder (1) cheroot (2) to tie tightly; to strangle with
pencerobohan: intrusion rope

mencerut: to tie up tightly; to strangle

mencerut leher: to strangle
cerobong
ship's funnel; chimney

cerutu
cigar
cerompong
muzzle (of firearm)

cetai
tattered
cerpelai
mongoose bercetai-cetai: tattered

cerpen cetak
short story print

cerpenis: short story writer cetak rompak: piracy (in printing)

cetakan: edition; print (noun)
mencetak: to print
percetakan: printing
cerucuk
pile driven into the ground

cetek
shallow
cerucup
love-grass

ceti
money lender
ceruh
to pound (rice)

menceruh: to pound (rice) cetus

outburst (of feeling); outbreak

cetusan: outburst; outbreak

ceruk mencetuskan: to cause an outburst
nook; corner
57
 pencinta alam: nature lover
percintaan: love affair
tercinta: loved
cicak
lizard

cipan
(1) battle-axe (2) tapir
cicit
great grandchild

mencicit: to squeak cipta

create; invent

ciptaan: creation
cicir mencipta: to create; to invent
drop or fall out pencipta: creator; author
penciptaan: the creation of
berciciran: dropping scatteredly tercipta: created; composed
keciciran: drop-out
mencicirkan: to scatter little by little
tercicir: left behind; dropped out; lagged
behind ciri
characteristic

bercirikan: featured; characterised

Cik mencirikan: to characterise
Miss

cirit-birit
cikgu diarrhoea
teacher

cita-cita
ciku ambition
sapodilla (fruit)
bercita-cita: ambitious
citarasa: taste; flavour

Cina
Chinese
cium
(1) kiss (2) smell

cincin bercium: (1) to kiss (2) to smell

ring ciuman: (1) a kiss (2) a sniff; a smell
bercium-ciuman: to exchange kisses
mencium: (1) to kiss (2) to smell; to sniff
tercium: (1) kissed accidentally (2) sniffed;
cinta smelt
love

bercinta: in love; having feeling of love

mencintai: to love cocok
pencinta: lover; fan; admirer
58
 suitable; agreeable; compatible condong
incline; slant
secocok: suitable; agreeable; compatible;
identical; similar kecondongan: inclination
mencondongkan: to slant; to incline

cogan
ensign congak
count mentally
cogan kata: slogan; motto

congkak
coklat conceited; proud
brown; chocolate

conteng
cokmar doodle
ceremonial mace
menconteng: to doodle on
mencontengkan: to doodle

colek
a bit
contoh
secolek: a bit example; sample; model
mencolek: to touch; to scrape up
mencontohi: to take as an example
percontohan: specimen; sample

coli
brassiere
copet
pickpocket

colok mencopet: to pickpocket

joss-stick pencopet: a pickpocket

comel corak
cute design; pattern; colour

bercorak: having designs and colour

mencorakkan: to design
comot
dirty; grubby

corat-coret
sketch; scrawl
compang-camping
in rags or tatters (clothes)

corek
scratch
59
 cubit
pinch

coreng mencubit: to pinch

scratch or streak secubit: a pinch (very small amount)
cubitan: a pinch
coreng-moreng: full of streaks and scratches
bercoreng: streaked

cuci
(1)wash (2)develop (a film)
coret
scribble or scrawl mencuci: to wash
cucian: laundry or washing

corong
funnel; chimney; microphone cucu
grandchild

cucu-cicit: grandchild and great grandchild

corot
hindmost

cucuh
ignite
cota
baton mencucuh: to ignite
mencucuhkan: to set fire to
pencucuh: igniter

cuaca
weather; climate
cucuk
prick; inject; pierce

cuai mencucuk: to prick; to inject; to poke

careless; negligent tercucuk: pricked; pierced; stabbed

kecuaian: carelessness; negligence

mencuaikan: to neglect; to act carelessly
cucunda
grandchild

cuak
afraid; nervous
cucur
flow; trickle; sprinkle

cuba bercucuran: to flow; to gush

try; attempt mencucuri: to pour on; to sprinkle on
mencucurkan: to sprinkle
cubaan: an attempt; an experiment
mencuba: to try; to attempt; to test
percubaan: act of trying
cuit

60
 beckon with finger kidnap

mencuit: to touch with the fingertips menculik: to kidnap

penculik: kidnapper
penculikan: kidnapping

cuka
vinegar
cuma
cuka getah: formic acid only; merely

percuma: free (without any charge)

cukai
tax
cumbu
cukai pendapatan: income tax praise; flatter; caress; kiss
cukai pintu: assessment
cukai kepala: levy cumbuan: smooch; flattery; caress; kiss
cukai tanah: quit rent bercumbu-cumbuan: smooch
mencukai: to tax bercumbuan: to flirt

cukup cungap
enough; exactly pant

cukup bulan: end of the month tercungap: panting

cukup letih: exhausted tercungap-cungap: panting
cukup umur: having reached the required age
mencukupi: enough; sufficient; adequate
mencukupkan: to supplement; to make
sufficient cungkil
pick; dig out; extract

mencungkil: to pick; to dig out; to extract

cukur
shave

bercukur: to shave cupak

mencukur: to shave a cubic measure
pencukur: shaver; person who shaves

cuping
cula ear-lobe
horn of rhinoceros

curah
culas pour
lazy
mencurah: to pour
curahan: downpour; outpour
mencurahi: to pour on
culik mencurahkan: to pour out

61
curam dada
steep chest

kecuraman: steepness mendada: to walk proudly; to strut

mencuram: to steepen

dadah
curang drug
insincere; disloyal; dishonest

kecurangan: dishonesty
mencurangi: to deceive dadak
sudden; abrupt

curi
steal dadih
curdle
mencuri: to steal
kecurian: stolen; theft
pencuri: thief
dadu
dice

curiga
suspicious; questionable
daerah
kecurigaan: suspicion district
mencurigai: to suspect; to distrust
mencurigakan: to arouse suspicion kedaerahan: regionalism

curut daftar
cigar; cheroot register

berdaftar: registered
mendaftar: to register or enrol
cuti mendaftarkan: to register or enrol
leave; holiday; vacation pendaftar: registrar
pendaftaran: registration
cuti am: public holiday
bercuti: to be on holiday
percutian: vacation; holiday
dagang
dabik foreign; alien; trade
to beat or thump
dagangan: merchandise
berdagang: to trade
memperdagangkan: to commercialise; to trade
dacing in something
weighing scale or balance pedagang: trader; merchant
perdagangan: trade; commerce
62
 weak; feeble; humble; lowly

kedaifan: weakness; incompetence

daging
meat; flesh

dajal
mischievous
dagu
chin

dakap
embrace or hug
dahaga
thirsty berdakap: to embrace or hug
dakapan: a hug
mendahagakan: to cause thirst berdakap-dakapan: embracing one another
mendakap: to embrace or hug

daham
hum; clear throat daki
(1)dirt or stain (2)climb
berdaham: to hum; to clear throat especially to
attract attention pendakian: a climb
mendaki: to climb or ascend
pendaki: climber
terdaki: to manage to climb
dahan
branch (of plant)

dakwa
accusation
dahi
forehead dakwaan: summons; accusation; indictment
mendakwa: to accuse; to indict; to charge
pendakwa: prosecutor; complainant
pendakwaan: prosecution; summons
dahsyat
horrible; awful; terrible

dakwah
sermon or preaching
dahulu
before; former; of the past; earlier berdakwah: to preach
pendakwah: preacher
dahulu kala: long ago
mendahului: to be ahead
mendahulukan: to advance or bring forward
pendahuluan: a preface; an advance (of dakwat
payment, etc.) ink
terdahulu: earlier

dakyah
daif propaganda

63
 damak
dart (for blow-pipe)

dalal
fee or commission
damar
resin

dalam
(1)inside; in (2)deep
dampar
dalamnya: depth; profundity cast ashore; stranded
mendalam: profound; detailed
mendalami: to probe further terdampar: washed ashore; stranded
mendalamkan: deepen
pedalaman: hinterland; interior
sedalam: as deep as
sedalam-dalamnya: as thoroughly as possible damping
intimate (friendship)

berdampingan: adjacent; adjoining; side by

dalang side; close to
mastermind mendampingi: to stand next to; to flank

mendalangi: to mastermind

dan
and
dalih
equivocation; pretext

berdalih: to give excuses danau

berdalih-dalihan: to blame one another lake
mendalihkan: to feign; to pretend

dandan
dalil coiffure; hair-style
proof
dandanan: coiffure; make-up; outfit
berdandan: adorned
mendandan: to adorn
dam
draughts (board game)

dangau
small temporary hut (in rice-field or orchard)
damai
peace; tranquility

berdamai: to make peace dangkal

kedamaian: peace; tranquility shallow; unintelligent
mendamaikan: to pacify
pendamai: peacemaker; mediator kedangkalan: shallowness; superficiality
perdamaian: peace

64
dansa mendaratkan: to bring something to land
dance pendaratan: landing

dapat dari
earn; get as reward; gain as interest; can (be from (place or time)
able to)

mendapat: to receive; to obtain

mendapati: to realise; to discover daripada
mendapatkan: to get; to communicate from (person)
pendapat: opinion
pendapatan: income
sedapat-dapatnya: if possible; as far as
possible darjah
terdapat: found; discovered degree; standard; class

dapur darjat
kitchen; stove status; rank

berdarjat: of high rank or status

sedarjat: of equal status
dara
maiden; virgin

darurat
emergency
darab
multiplication

mendarabkan: to multiply das

pendarab: multiplier gun or rifle shot

darah dasar
blood base; policy; underlying principle

darah daging: blood relation berdasarkan: based upon

darah muda: youthful
darah panas: hot-headed
darah tinggi: hypertension
berdarah: bloody; bleeding datang
pendarahan: haemorrhage come or arrive
sedarah: of the same family line
mendatang: to come or appear suddenly
kedatangan: arrival
mendatangi: to pay a visit; to attack; to invade
darat mendatangkan: to bring about
land pendatang: immigrant

daratan: mainland
mendarat: to land
datar
65
 flat; even dayu
rumble; moan
dataran: plain; area of flat land
mendatar: horizontal; level or flat mendayu: to rumble; to moan

datin dayung
a title of distinction for woman oar

berdayung: rowing (boat)

mendayung: to row
datuk pendayung: oarsman
(1)grandfather (2)title of distinction for man
and woman

dayus
man whose wife has committed adultery
daulat
majesty; kingly power

berdaulat: sovereign; supreme debar

kedaulatan: sovereignty palpitation or throbbing

debaran: throbbing or palpitation

berdebar: to throb or palpitate
daun mendebarkan: to cause to palpitate
leaf

berdaun: having leaves

debu
dust; dirt

dawai berdebu: dusty

wire

mendawaikan: to connect wires in

pendawaian: wiring debunga
pollen

mendebungakan: to pollinate
daya pendebungaan: pollination
power; capacity; ability

memperdayakan: to cheat or deceive

berdaya: to have the ability debus
sedaya: to the extent possible whistling or rustling sound
terdaya: capable of
terperdaya: tricked; deceived

dedah
divulge; expose; reveal
dayang
court maiden mendedahkan: to introduce; to expose; to
reveal
pendedahan: revelation; exposure
terdedah: exposed
66
dedak demikian
bran thus; hence; therefore

degil denai
stubborn; obstinate spoor; track or scent left by an animal

kedegilan: stubbornness

denda
fine (imposed for offence)
dekah
guffaw; loud laughter

dendam
revenge; grudge; spite
dekan
dean berdendam: having a grudge
mendendami: to have a grudge against
pendendam: the person who has a grudge

dekat
near
dendang
berdekatan: nearby singing happily and for fun
kedekatan: proximity
mendekati: to come close to berdendang: to sing gaily
berdekat: to be nearby dendangan: singing
terdekat: nearest mendendangkan: to sing for someone

delapan dengan
eight with

delima dengar
(1) ruby (2) pomegranate hear or listen

mendengar: to hear or listen

kedengaran: audible
demam mendengarkan: to listen to; to overhear
fever memperdengarkan: to let someone hear
pendengar: listener
pendengaran: sense of hearing

demi
(1) for (2) when (3) one by one (4) by (for oath
or vow) dengki
jealousy; envy
berdemi: to swear by the name of God
berdengki-dengkian: jealous; envious
67
 mendengki: to envy; to spite depa
kedengkian: jealousy; envy fathom; length measured by outstretched arms

mendepakan: to stretch the arms out sideways

dengking
squeal; yelp (of a dog)
depan
berdengking: to yelp; to squeal front
mendengking: to yelp; to squeal
di depan: in front
ke depan: to the front
berdepan: face to face
dengkur mengedepankan: to bring forward; to propose
snore terdepan: foremost
terkedepan: first in line
berdengkur: to snore

dera
dengung punish
buzzing sound
deraan: punishment
berdengung: to buzz mendera: to punish; to abuse

dengus derai
a snort crumble

dengut deram
emit a long murmur a growl

berderam-deram: to rumble
menderam: to growl
denting
a tinkling sound

derap
(1)footstep (2)pattering sound
dentum
an explosive sound

dentuman: a loud bang deras

berdentum: to make a loud bang rapid; quick; swift

denyut derau
beat (heart) or throb sound of wind in the rain

denyutan: a beat (heart); a throb; pulsation

berdenyut: to pulsate; to throb; to beat (heart)
deret

68
 row or line menderu: to roar
deruan: a roar
deretan: rows (of houses)
berderet: in rows
berderet-deret: lined up in rows
berderetan: lined up in rows desa
sederet: in a single row or line countryside

derhaka desak
disloyal; treacherous insist or urge; jostle; press

menderhaka: to betray desakan: pressure; compelling force

penderhaka: traitor mendesak: to push; to urge
penderhakaan: betrayal; treachery terdesak: desperate

deria desas-desus
sense (e.g. sight, smell, hearing, taste, touch) heresay; rumour

dering desing
a chime or burr whistle of the wind

berdering: to ring (of phone); to chirp

desir
rustle of leaves; hissing or sizzling sound
derita
suffering or distress desiran: rustle; hiss

menderita: to suffer
penderitaan: suffering
destar
turban

derma
donation
desur
dermawan: philanthropist babbling sound
menderma: to donate
mendermakan: to donate something
penderma: donor
detak
throbbing or thumping

dermaga
wharf or dock
detik
second or moment; tick

deru berdetik: ticking

roar terdetik: ticking

69
 candle

dewa
male deity or god diang
bask
mendewa-dewakan: to show excessive
devotion berdiang: to bask

dewan didih
hall; council boil

Dewan Negara: Senate mendidih: to boil

Dewan Rakyat: House of Representatives
(Lower House of Parliament)

didik
educate or train; bring up (children); breed
dewasa
adult didikan: educational training; upbringing
berpendidikan: educated
kedewasaan: adulthood mendidik: to educate; to train; to teach; to
nurture
pendidik: teacher; educator
pendidikan: education
dewi terdidik: educated; well brought up
female deity or goddess

dif
di guess
at

dikau
dia you
he or she; him or her; it; his

dikit
diam a few; a little
(1)silent or quiet (2)inhabit or live
berdikit-dikit: bit by bit
diam ubi: quiet but diligent person
diam-diam: secretly; quietly
kediaman: residence
mendiami: to reside or inhabit dinding
mendiamkan: to silence wall
mendiamkan diri: to become silent
pendiam: quiet person pendinding: a screen or partition
terdiam: become speechless or silent berdindingkan: walled
mendindingi: to enclose within a wall

dian
70
dingin
cold

kedinginan: coldness dogol

bald

kedogolan: baldness
mendogolkan: to make bald
dinihari
before dawn

dompet
purse; wallet
diraja
royal

dondang
swinging-cot
diri
(1) oneself (2) stand dondang-sayang: a traditional Malay song
sung alternately by two persons
berdiri: to stand
mendirikan: to build; to erect
pendirian: standpoint
terdiri: to consist of dongak
tilt the head upwards

mendongak: to tilt the head upwards

Disember mendongakkan: to tilt the head upwards
December

dongeng
doa fable; myth
prayer
dongengan: fable; myth
berdoa: to beg; to pray
mendoa: to beg; to pray
mendoakan: to pray for
dorong
impel; urge into being interested; motivate

dobi mendorong: to impel; to urge; to motivate

laundry or dhobi dorongan: urging; motivation; encouragement
pendorong: one who impels
terdorong: motivated

dodoi
lullaby
dosa
mendodoikan: to sing to sleep sin

berdosa: to be sinful

dodol
a sweet Malay delicacy
dua
71
 two dukacita
feeling sorry; sad
dua sejoli: lovebirds
berdua: both berdukacita: to grieve
berdua-dua: two by two mendukacitakan: to aggrieve
berdua-duaan: the only pair
kedua: second
menduakan: to make two of
dukun
medicine man

dubur
anus
dukung
carry astride the back or waist

duda mendukung: to carry astride the back or waist

widower berdukung: to be seated astride the back or
waist
pendukung: one who carries something or
someone astride the back or waist
duduk
(1)to sit (2)to stay or reside

duduk-duduk: sit around dulang

duduknya: situation tray
berpenduduk: populated
bersekedudukan: to live together mendulang: to pan for ores
kedudukan: situation; position
menduduki: to occupy for residence
mendudukkan: to place; to seat
terduduk: to flop down duli
penduduk: inhabitant your majesty; dust

duga dungu
guess stupid

menduga: to guess kedunguan: stupidity

dugaan: anticipation; conjecture; trials

dunia
duit world
money
duniawi: worldly
keduniaan: worldliness
sedunia: the whole world
duka
sadness; grief; sorrow

duka lara: sorrowful duri

kedukaan: sorrow thorn

berduri: thorny

72
 pengedar: distributor
pengedaran: distribution
peredaran: circulation; rotation; revolution;
durjana orbit
evil; wicked

eh
dusta exclamation of enquiry
a lie; untrue statement

berdusta: to lie
mendustai: to lie to ehwal
matters; affairs

dusun
orchard eja
spell

mengeja: to spell
duta ejaan: spelling
envoy; ambassador

kedutaan: embassy
ejek
jeer; mock

duyun mengejek: to mock; to jeer

in a swarm or crowd ejekan: mockery

berduyun-duyun: in a swarm or crowd

eka
one; sole
duyung
mermaid

ekanada
monotone
dwi
dual

dwibahasa: bilingual ekar

dwibulanan: bimonthly acre
dwimata: binocular
dwipihak: bipartite
dwitahunan: biennial
ekasuku
edar monosyllable
circulate; distribute

beredar: to circulate; to distribute

mengedar: to circulate; to distribute ekor
edaran: cycle; circulation; rotation tail; numeral coefficient for animals
mengedari: to revolve around
mengedarkan: to distribute; to ciculate ekoran: consequence; result
73
 berekor: having a tail
mengekor: hang like a tail
mengekori: to tail; to follow closely
empang
dam

ela empangan: dam

yard (measure of length)

empar
elak centrifugal; off course
dodge; evade; avoid
emparan: centrifuge
mengelak: to dodge; to avoid; to evade
mengelakkan: to evade; to dodge; to avoid

empat
four
elok
beautiful; good berempat: group of four
keempat: fourth
mengelokkan: to beautify
memperelokkan: to beautify
seelok-eloknya: the best or most appropriate
way emper
penthouse

emak
mother emping
flake (e.g. of snow); sweetmeat made from
unripe rice fried and pounded flat

emas
gold
empuk
keemasan: golden soft; tender

embek empulur
cry of a sheep, goat or calf pith (of stem or fruit)

mengembek: to bleat

enak
delicious
embun
dew

berembun: wet with dew enam

six

embut
raise a fishing-line slowly enapan
74
 sediment

engsot
enau move slightly and slowly
kind of palm

enjal
Encik cram or stuff
Mr.
mengenjal: to cram or stuff (as of food into the
mouth)

endah
heed; pay attention to
entah
mengendahkan: to heed don't know

entah-entah: maybe

endap
ambush
enteng
mengendap: to wait in ambush light; easy

keentengan: ease; lightness

endul
cradle
epal
apple

enggan
unwilling; reluctant
epipusat
keengganan: unwillingness; reluctance epicentre

enggang eram
hornbill brood; sit on eggs to hatch them; incubate

mengerami: to sit on eggs to hatch them

pengeraman: incubation
engkau
you; your

erang
a groan or moan
engkol
crank of a machine mengerang: to groan or moan
erangan: a moan or groan

engsel
hinge erat
75
 tight; firm faharasat
index to a book
mengeratkan: to tighten; to strengthen

fajar
Eropah dawn
Europe; of European origin

fakir
erti religious beggar
meaning

bererti: having a meaning

dimengerti: understood falak
mengerti: to understand universe; astronomy
pengertian: understanding
seerti: synonym

falsafah
philosophy
esa
sole; only one

fana
ephemeral; short-lived
esak
sob

faraj
vagina
esok
tomorrow

keesokan: the next day fardu

duty; obligation
faedah
benefit; interest (on money)

berfaedah: beneficial; useful

fasal
(1)clause in a treaty, law or contract (2)about

faham
understand
fasih
fluent; eloquent
fahaman: understanding; comprehension;
doctrine
kefasihan: fluency
berfahaman: school of thought
kefahaman: understanding
memahami: to understand
pemahaman: understanding
persefahaman: mutual understanding Februari
sefahaman: sharing the same view February

76
fikah foya
law based on Muslim theology revel; enjoy oneself

berfoya-foya: to relax; to enjoy oneself

fikir
think
furak
fikiran: opinion; thought difference; dissimilarity
berfikir: to think
berfikiran: having the ability to think and to gabung
form opinions join together; unite; combine
memikirkan: to think over; to ponder
pemikiran: thinking gabungan: affiliation; combination; merger
terfikir: remembered bergabung: to affiliate; united
sefikiran: having the same opinion menggabungkan: to affiliate; to combine

Filipina gabus
of the Philippines cork

firasah gada
hunch; intuitive feeling; premonition club used for fighting

firasat gada-gada
clairvoyance pennant

Firaun gadai
Pharaoh pawn; mortgage

gadaian: a pledge
bergadai: to mortgage; to pawn
firdaus menggadaikan: to mortgage; to pawn
paradise; heaven menggadaikan nyawa: to sacrifice one's life
tergadai: mortgaged; pawned

firman
divine decree gadang
(1)colossal; immense (2)large round tray used
for winnowing

fitnah
libel; slander; defamation
gading
memfitnah: to slander; to libel ivory; tusk
memfitnahkan: to slander; to libel

gadis
77
 girl; virgin

kegadisan: virginity; purity

gagau
grope

gado-gado menggagau: to grope

(1) a Malay dish made from vegetables (2)
mixed up; disorderly

gahara
of royal descent
gaduh
(1) quarrel (2) noise; uproar

bergaduh: to quarrel gaharu

pergaduhan: a quarrel sandalwood

gagah gait
gallant; brave; strong; mighty hook; connection

kegagahan: strength; might; bravery gaitan: hook; connection

menggagahi: to force; to compel; to conquer penggait: hook; connection

gagak gajah
crow elephant

gagal gaji
failed; unsuccessful salary; wages

kegagalan: failure bergaji: salaried

menggagalkan: to fail (another person) menggaji: to employ

gagang gajus
handle; cradle (of telephone); stem cashew nut

gagap gak
stammer; stutter caw (e.g. of a rook)

tergagap: stammering

gala
a type of resin
gagas
to have an idea

gagasan: idea; plan galah

78
 pole

bergalah: using a pole

sepenggalah: a pole's length gamang
suffering from acrophobia (fear of heights)

galak
encourage gamat
noisy; unruly; chaotic
galakan: encouragement
menggalakkan: to encourage
penggalak: one who encourages
gambang
xylophone

galang
obstruct
gambar
picture; photograph; drawing; illustration

galas gambar rajah: diagram

carry on the back gambaran: impression
bergambar: illustrated; to be photographed
menggalas: to carry on a pole over the menggambarkan: to illustrate; to depict; to
shoulder; to vend imagine
tergambar: depicted; reflected

gali
dig gambus
an Arab musical instrument with six strings
menggali: to dig
galian: mineral
penggalian: act of digging; excavation
gambut
peat; soft and loose (of soil)

galur
furrow; groove
gamelan
manggalurkan: to explain Javanese orchestra

gamak gamit
estimate beckon

menggamak: to estimate menggamit: to beckon

tergamak: willing; able

gampang
gamam easy
nervous; stunned

tergamam: nervous; stunned

79
ganas gandung
ferocious; fierce; savage; violent bamboo or wooden outrigger on the sides of a
Malay boat
keganasan: savagery; ferocity; violence
mengganas: to terrorise; to rampage menggandung: to load things onto a boat using
pengganas: terrorist bamboo or wooden outriggers

gancu ganggang
long hooked stick dry over a fire

ganda ganggu
double to bother; to trouble; to disturb; to disrupt

berganda: doubled mengganggu: to bother; to trouble; to disturb;

berganda-ganda: many times more to disrupt
menggandakan: to double gangguan: disturbance; disruption;
gandaan: multiple of a number inconvenience; interference
mengganggu-gugat: to bother; to disturb
terganggu: disturbed; mentally or emotionally
unstable
gandar
axle

menggandar: to carry gangsa

bronze

gandik
(1) gold ornament on bride's forehead (2) ganja
decoration on hilt of kris cannabis; hemp

gandin ganjak
mallet move or budge slightly

berganjak: to move or budge slightly

menganjak: to shift
ganding
alongside; close beside

berganding: alongside ganjal

bergandingan: alongside base; stand; wedge
gandingan: coupling
menggandingkan: to place beside

ganjar
reward; gratuity
gandum
wheat ganjaran: reward; gratuity
mengganjarkan: to reward

80
ganjil
odd; queer; strange

gapura
arch
gantang
a cubic measure

garam
salt
ganti
substitute menggarami: to add salt

berganti: in substitution for

berganti-ganti: taking turns
mengganti: to replace; to compensate garang
menggantikan: to replace; to substitute fierce
pengganti: replacement
gantirugi: indemnity; compensation menggarang: to rage

gantung garau
hang or suspend hoarse (of voice)

bergantung: to depend on
bergantungan: hanging in great numbers
menggantung: to hang; to suspend gari
menggantungkan: to hang up handcuffs
pergantungan: dependence; support
tergantung: hanging

garing
crisp
ganyar
tough (not tender)

garis
line
ganyang
chew up; devour; destroy menggaris: to draw a line
menggariskan: to draw a line
mengganyang: to chew up; to devour; to penggaris: ruler
destroy garisan: line

gapah garit
hurriedly; hastily line; scratch

menggarit: to scratch; to move; to stir

gapai
stretch out the hand
garpu
menggapai: to reach for; to clutch at fork

81
 pergaulan: mingling (in society); association
(with other people)

garu
(1)a rake (2)scratch
gaung
menggaru: to scratch (1) deep ravine (2) echo
tergaru-garu: scratching repeatedly
bergaung: to echo

garuk
hoarse, deep or husky (of voice) gawal
confused; mistaken

gasak
(1) strike (2) eat gluttonously gawang
waving with both arms
menggasak: to strike; to eat gluttonously

gaya
gasal style; manner
odd
gaya hidup: lifestyle
bergaya: having style; stylish
menggayakan: to show; to parade
gasang
lecherous person

gayat
feeling dizzy looking down from a high place
gasar
fierce and rough

gayung
water dipper
gasing
a top

gayut
hang
gatal
(1) itchy (2) lewd (of person) bergayut: to hang
bergayutan: to hang in large numbers
gatal-gatal: itching all over menggayutkan: to hang

gaul gebar
mix (in society); associate blanket

bergaul: to be together in a friendly way

menggaul: to mix; to blend
menggauli: to associate with; to mingle with gebu
soft; delicate in texture; fluffy
82
gecar gegar
(1) saliva (2) watery jarring; jolting; shaking

gegaran: jarring movement

bergegar: to shake; to rumble
gedabir menggegarkan: to shake
dewlap

gegas
gedang hurry
huge; massive
bergegas-gegas: to hurry

gedempol
fat gegat
worm that lives in books

gedempong
very fat gegua
cavern

gedoboh
big and loose gejala
symptom or sign

gedung
storehouse; office; large building gejolak
big flame

bergejolak: to flare up
gegabah
wildly impulsive (person)

gelabir
dewlap; wattle
gegak
noisy

gegak-gempita: noisy; clamorous geladak

(1) deck of ship (2) stray dog (3) crook;
criminal

gegancu
sprocket
gelagat
indication; habits

gegap
noisy
83
gelak
laugh

gelak ketawa: laughter gelebat

tergelak: laugh unintentionally double blade paddle

gelambir gelecah
dewlap slip

gelang gelecek
bangle slip; lose one's balance

gelang-gelang: ring-shaped objects

pergelangan tangan: wrist
geledah
search; ransack

gelanggang menggeledah: to search; to ransack

arena; court

geledak
gelangsar cur
slide; glide; slip

geledang
gelap stretch out both arms
dark; secret

gelap hati: sinister

gelap pekat: dark geleding
gelap-gelita: pitch dark warp
kegelapan: darkness; caught in the dark
menggelapkan: to embezzle

gelegak
boil; seethe
gelar
nickname menggelegak: to boil; to seethe

gelaran: alias; title

bergelar: titled
gelegar
girder

gelatuk
tremble
gelegata
a skin condition; urticaria

gelebar
flapping
84
gelek
(1) a kind of dance (2) roll over

menggelek: to roll over gelepai

dangling

gelekak
peel off gelepar
flounder; flutter

menggelepar: to flounder; to flutter

gelekek
chuckle

gelepik
dangling; hanging down limply
gelema
phlegm

gelepur
leaping up flapping its wings
geleman
scared; afraid

gelesek
rub
gelembung
bubble

gelembung-gelembungan: bubbles geleser

flap the wings; start turning (of wheels)

gelempang
sprawling geletar
tremble; shiver
bergelempang: sprawling
menggeletar: to tremble; to shiver

gelendong
spindle geletek
tickle; incite

menggeletek: to tickle
geleng
shake the head

menggeleng: to shake geletuk

menggelengkan: to shake making a sound like the teeth chattering

gelentang geli
roll over and over amused; ticklish

85
 geli-geman: tickled
geli hati: amused; tickled
kegelian: amusement
menggelikan: to amuse; to tickle gelinjang
penggeli: one who is ticklish jump about

menggelinjang: to jump about

geliang-geliut
wriggling
gelintar
search all over

geliat
stretch oneself
gelintir
menggeliat: to stretch oneself pellet; pill
tergeliat: sprained
segelintir: a small part; a small group

geliga
(1) sharp-witted; ingenious (2) bezoar gelisah
nervous; restless; anxious; jumpy
bergeliga: sharp-witted; ingenious
kegelisahan: restlessness; anxiety
menggelisah: to worry; to be anxious

gelimpang
sprawl
gelobor
bergelimpangan: to sprawl too long or baggy (for clothes)
tergelimpang: sprawled

gelodak
gelimun arouse
covered (with blanket)

gelodar
gelincat struggle
sprained; rebound

gelojak
gelincir big flame
derail; slip; skid

menggelincir: to slip; to skid

tergelincir: slipped; skidded gelojoh
greedy

gelincuh
stumble gelombang

86
 wave gelung
bight; loop of rope; coil; knot of hair
bergelombang: in waves
bergelung: coiled up
menggelungkan: to coil

gelongsor
slide
gelupas
menggelongsor: to slide peel

menggelupas: to peel

gelora
storm; great wave
gelupur
bergelora: to rise or move like waves; stormy flutter
menggelorakan: to inflame; to arouse
emotionally menggelupur: to flutter

gelosok gelut
rub struggle; wrestle

menggelosok: to rub bergelut: to struggle to get free

pergelutan: struggle; scuffle

gelugut
shiver; chatter (of teeth) gema
echo

bergema: to resound
geluh menggema: to resound
loam; rich soil

gemal
gelulur a handful; a bunch
slide down

gemala
gelumang bezoar stone
dirty

bergelumang: dirty
gemalai
swaying

geluncur
slip or slide down
gemam
menggeluncur: to slip or slide down to hold (sweet) in mouth

87
gemap
shocked

gembur
loose
gemar
have a liking; desire menggemburkan: to loosen

kegemaran: hobby; favourite

menggemari: to like very much
penggemar: lover; fan; devotee; interested gementar
person tremble

gemawan gemercik
fleeting of clouds splattering sound

gembala gemerencang
shepherd loud clash (e.g. of cymbals)

penggembala: herdsman

gemerlap
iridescent; shining; glittering; shimmering
gembereng
cymbal bergemerlapan: to glitter
gemerlapan: shining; glittering

gembira
happy; pleased; cheerful gemilang
glorious; magnificient; brilliant
bergembira: to rejoice
menggembirakan: to cheer someone up kegemilangan: splendour; magnificance; glory

gembar-gembur gempa
mere talk; bragging; pandemonium tremor; earthquake

menggembar-gemburkan: to create an uproar

gempal
sturdy; chubby; plump
gembleng
unite

menggembleng tenaga: to unite gempar

penggemblengan: unification pandemonium; uproar

menggemparkan: to shock
tergempar: urgent
gembung
swollen
88
gempita obstacle; disruption
noisy
menggendalakan: to disrupt; to interrupt
tergendala: disrupted; interrupted

gempur
attack in a blitz
gendak
menggempur: to attack; to storm mistress
penggempur: destroyer; assault troops
penggempuran: an attack; an assault

gendang
drum
gemuk
fat

menggemukkan: to fatten up genderang

big drum

gemuruh
thunder genggam
grasp in the fist
bergemuruh: to thunder; thunderous
genggaman: a grasp
menggenggam: to grasp in the fist
menggenggam erat: to grasp firmly
genahar segenggam: a fistful; a handful
crater

genggang
genang apart
suffuse

bergenang: stagnant; filled with tears

genit
cute and petite

genap
complete; even
genjang
menggenapkan: to round up a figure (1 )parallelogram (2) askew; awry
segenap: all

genjot
gencat askew; awry
cease; stop; discontinue

gencatan senjata: ceasefire

genjur
stiff

gendala

89
genta padlock
large bell

gera
gentar alarm; scare; frighten
(1) vibration (2) afraid
menggera: to scare; to frighten; to alarm; to
menggentar: to quiver give a warning signal
menggentarkan: to cause to vibrate penggera: one who causes a fright; an alarm
penggera kebakaran: fire alarm

gentas
(1) severed (2) end or finish gerabak
railway coach

gentat
dented geragai
hook for catching crocodiles

gentel
pellet geragas
comb one's hair in anger
menggentel: to roll in the fingertips

geragau
gentian a small shrimp
fibre

geraham
genting molar
(1) crucial; decisive (2) pass or gap in
mountains (3) roof tile

genting bukit: mountain pass gerai

kegentingan: crucial stall

genyeh gerak
rub move

menggenyeh: to rub gerak hati: intuition

gerak laku: behaviour
gerak-geri: movements
gerakan: action; movement
gepok bergerak: to move
bundle menggerakkan: to cause to move
penggerak: motivator
tergerak: shifted; moved suddenly

gepuh
90
geram
angry

menggeram: to growl gerhana

eclipse

gerangan
perhaps geriak
swarm

gerantang
din of voices; outburst of noise gericau
screeching sound

gerat
causing teeth to chatter geridip
glitter; sparkle

gerbang
gateway gerigi
serrated

gerecak
sound like water boiling gerigis
unevenly serrated

gereja
church gerimis
drizzle

gerek
perforated gerimit
a drill

gerenyam
lustful gering
sick (for king)

gergaji
saw gerinjam
(1) grindstone for teeth (2) ear scoop
menggergaji: to saw

gerlap
gergasi sparkle
giant
menggerlap: to sparkle; to glitter
91
 gersang
dry; uninteresting; dull

gerlip
twinkle
gertak
menggerlip: to twinkle; to flicker threat

gertakan: intimidation; threat

menggertak: to threaten
germut
swarm

gerudi
a drill
gerenyut
squirm; throb menggerudi: to drill
penggerudian: act of drilling

gerobak
coach or cart gerugut
grooved

gerobok
cupboard geruh
misfortune

gerodak
rattling sound geruk
to wrap

geromboi
group together gerun
frightened; terrified
bergeromboi: to group together
geromboian: group or gang menggerunkan: to terrify; terrifying

gerombong gerutu
group or party rough to the touch

menggerutu: rough to the touch

geronggang
hollow
gesa
hurry

geronyot tergesa-gesa: hurried

throbbing gesaan: urge
menggesa: to hasten; to urge

92
 getil
pinch

gesek menggetil: to pinch

grate or scrape

bergesek: to grate; to scrape

gesekan: a fiddle getir
menggesek: to play the violin bitter

gesel ghaib
rub disappear; vanish; mysterious

bergesel: to rub each other mengghaibkan: to cause to vanish

geselan: a rub
menggeselkan: to rub
tergesel: rubbed against
ghairah
strong desire or passion

geser keghairahan: strong passion, desire or

rub; shift enthusiasm
mengghairahkan: to arouse passion or desire
bergeser: to rub; to shift
geseran: friction

ghalib
usual
getah
rubber

bergetah: sticky; having latex giat

energetic; active

bergiat: working eagerly

getap kegiatan: activity
grit menggiatkan: to activate; to inspire; to
encourage
menggetap: to grit mempergiatkan: to activate; to inspire; to
encourage

getar
tremble; vibrate gigi
tooth
getaran: vibration
bergetar: to tremble; quivering gigi air: edge of water meeting land
menggetarkan: to cause to vibrate gigi kacip: incisor
gigi rongak: gap between teeth
bergigi: toothed

getas
brittle; sensitive
gigih

93
 determined; obstinate grind; roll

kegigihan: determination menggiling: to grind; to roll

gigil gilir
tremble or shiver take turns

menggigil: to tremble; to shiver bergilir: to take turns

giliran: a turn
bergilir-gilir: to take turns

gigit
bite
gilis
gigitan: act of biting; a bite run over by a train
menggigit: to bite
tergigit: bitten accidentally

gincu
lipstick
gila
mad; insane bergincu: wearing lipstick
menggincu: to apply lipstick
gila angau: infatuated
gila bayang: crazy about someone
gila pangkat: crazy for power
kegilaan: craziness; craze ginjal
menggila: act like a mad person; infatuated kidney
with or crazy over someone
tergila-gila: mad; crazy
tergila-gilakan: driven crazy by someone or
something girang
glad; cheerful

kegirangan: happiness; joy

gilang-gemilang menggirangkan: to cheer up someone
bright; glittering

giring
gilap to herd
shine brilliantly

menggilap: to polish
glur
voluptuous

gilas
crush; run over
gobek
tool for crushing betel leaf, areca nut, etc

giling mengobek: to grind or pound areca nut

94
gocoh golongan: group
haste; hurry tergolong: relevant

tergocoh-gocoh: hastily; hurriedly

gomol
wrestle
goda
temptation bergomol: to wrestle
menggomol: to hug or embrace tightly
godaan: temptation; lure; enticement
menggoda: to tempt; to lure; enticing
penggoda: seducer
tergoda: seduced; enticed goncang
shake

bergoncang: to shake
godam menggoncangkan: to shake something
large mace

gondok
godok (1)short and fat (2)goitre
base of skull

gondol
gogok (1)bald; leafless (2)carry off; win
a gulp
bergondol: bald; leafless
menggondol: to carry off; to win; to gain

golak
disturbed or confused
gonggong
bergolak: to boil; disturbed or confused carry in the mouth
pergolakan: disturbance; agitation; turbulence
menggonggong: to carry in the mouth

golek
roll gonyeh
munch
bergolek: to roll

gonyoh
golok scrub
machete
menggonyoh: to scrub

golong
classify gopoh-gapah
hastily
menggolongkan: to classify
tergopoh-gapah: in a hurry
95
 disagree; dispute

goreng
fry; fried guam
disagree; conflict; dispute
menggoreng: to fry
guaman: disagreement; conflict; quarrel
perguaman: disagreement; conflict; quarrel
peguam: lawyer
gores Peguam Negara: Attorney-General
scratch

goresan: scratches
bergores: scratched gubah
menggores: to scratch arrange; compose
menggoreskan: to scratch something
tergores: scratched menggubah: to arrange; to compose
gubahan: (1) composition (2) garland
penggubah: composer

gosok
brush; rub; polish
gubal
gosokan: something that has been ironed draft (legislation)
menggosok: to brush; to rub; to polish
menggosokkan: to rub something menggubal: to draft (legislation)
penggosok: a cleaner; an iron; a brush penggubal: legislator
penggubalan: act of drafting; legislation

gotong-royong
cooperation gubuk
hut
bergotong-royong: to cooperate

gudang
goyah godown; warehouse
loose (not firm)

gugat
goyang accuse; claim; criticise
unsteady; shaky
menggugat: to accuse; to claim; to criticise
bergoyang: to shake; to sway tergugat: threatened; jeopardised; to be at stake
menggoyangkan: to rock or jerk lightly

gugup
gua panicky
cave
kegugupan: state of panic

guam
96
gugur gumpal
drop; miscarry; abort clod; lump

berguguran: dropping in large numbers gumpalan: a clod; a lump of; conglomeration

keguguran: miscarriage; abortion bergumpal: lumpy
menggugurkan: to abort; to drop bergumpal-gumpal: in clods or lumps; in clots

gugus guna
bundle or bunch use; purpose

segugus: a bundle or bunch of guna tenaga: employment

gugusan: group guna-guna: charms
berguna: useful
kegunaan: use; function
menggunakan: to use; to consume
gula pengguna: consumer; user
sugar

gula-gula: sweets
gundah
depressed

gulai
curry
gundik
concubine

guli
marble
guni
jute bag or sack

guling
roll
gunting
berguling: to roll scissors; shears
bergulingan: rolling over and over
menggulingkan: to roll something; to topple; menggunting: to cut with scissors or shears
to overthrow mengguntingkan: to cut something
terguling: overthrown; toppled

guntur
gulung thunder
roll

gulungan: a roll
bergulung: rolled up; rolling; winding gunung
menggulung: to roll mountain
menggulung perbahasan: to conclude the
debate gunung berapi: volcano
menggulung ucapan: to conclude the speech gunung-ganang: mountains
menggunung: to soar like a mountain
pergunungan: highlands; mountainous

97
 wrestle

bergusti: to wrestle
gurau
joke haba
heat
gurauan: the butt of a joke
bergurau: to joke

habis
finished; completed; done
gurindam
a proverbial verse berhabis: to squander
berhabis-habisan: to the best of one's ability
and effort
kehabisan: exhausted; depleted
guru penghabisan: conclusion; last
teacher sehabis: immediately after

berguru: having a teacher

perguruan: institute; education
hablur
crystal

guruh berhablur: to become crystallised

thunder menghablur: to crystallise
terhablur: in a crystallised state
guruh-gemuruh: thunderous

habuan
gurun share (e.g. of prize)
desert

habuk
gus dust
simultaneously
berhabuk: dusty
sekaligus: simultaneously

had
gusar limit
angry; worried
berhad: limited
menggusarkan: to anger; to cause worry mengehadkan: to limit
terhad: limited

gusi
gum (dental) hadam
digest

menghadamkan: to digest
gusti penghadaman: digestion

98
 haiwan
animal

hadap
front; direction
hajah
berhadap-hadapan: face-to-face a Muslim woman who has fulfilled the
hadapan: forward part; in front pilgrimage to Mecca
berhadapan: to face
menghadap: to have an audience with the king
menghadapi: to face; to meet
menghadapkan: to cause to meet or face hajat
terhadap: about; toward purpose; intention; desire

berhajat: to have the intention

berhajatkan: to wish for
hadas menghajati: to wish for
ritual impurity

haji
hadiah a Muslim man who has fulfilled the pilgrimage
present; gift; prize to Mecca

menghadiahkan: to present a gift

hak
right; entitlement
hadir
to be present hak cipta: copyright
hak milik: proprietary rights
kehadiran: attendance; presence berhak: having the right; to be entitled
menghadiri: to attend
menghadirkan diri: to be present
hadirin: those present
hakikat
truth; reality

hafaz
memorise
hakiki
menghafaz: to memorise true; real

haid hakim
menstruation judge

kehakiman: judicial
menghakimi: to judge
hairan menghakimkan: to judge
astonished; amazed; surprised penghakiman: judgement

kehairanan: amazement; astonishment

menghairankan: to astonish; to amaze
hakis

99
 erode halia
ginger
menghakis: to erode
hakisan: erosion

halilintar
thunder
hal
matter; situation

hal-ehwal: affairs halimunan

menghalkan: to talk about invisible

hala halkum
direction larynx; Adam's apple

menghala: in the direction of

menghalakan: to aim at
haloba
greed; greedy

halaju
velocity
haluan
(1) bow of boat (2) direction; course

halal berhaluan: to follow a course

rightful; permissible; legitimate sehaluan: following the same course

menghalalkan: permit; allow

halus
fine; soft; gentle; refined
halaman
(1) compound (2) page halus-halus: finely
menghalusi: to find out in detail; to treat gently
memperhalusi: to find out in detail; to treat
gently
halang
block; obstruct; hinder

menghalang: to block; to obstruct; to hinder halwa

halangan: obstacle fruits preserved in syrup
penghalang: obstacle; hindrance

hama
> germ
halau
chase or drive away

menghalau: to chase or drive away hamba

slave

100
 memperhamba: to enslave; to treat as a slave
perhambaan: enslavement

hampar
spread out (a carpet)
hambar
tasteless; insipid menghampar: to spread out (a carpet)
hamparan: carpet; mat
menghampari: to cover
menghamparkan: to spread out (like a carpet)
hambat
pursue or chase

menghambat: to pursue or chase hampas

dregs

hampas kelapa: coconut dregs; coconut husk

hambur
scattered

berhamburan: scattered hampir

menghamburi: to fill up near; close; almost
menghamburkan: to scatter
hampir-hampir: nearly; almost
berhampiran: to be near; near by
menghampiri: to approach
hambus menghampirkan: to bring close to
go away

berhambus: to go away
hamput
scold

hamil menghamput: to scold

pregnant

kehamilan: pregnancy
hamun
chide; scold; abuse

hamis menghamun: to scold; to berate

stink

hancing
hampa stinking; foul-smelling
devoid; lacking; disappointed; frustrated

hampa beras: husk

hampa hati: frustrated; disappointed hancur
kehampaan: disappointment; frustration destroy; dissolve; shatter
menghampakan: to frustrate; to disappoint
hancur luluh: destroy (of marriage,
friendship); devastated
kehancuran: destruction; ruin
hampagas menghancurkan: to destroy; to shatter
vacuum
101
 bump or knock into

berhantuk: to bump or knock into

handai menghantukkan: to knock
friend; associate terhantuk: to knock or collide accidentally
hantukan: bumping or knocking sound

handal
reliable; strong; clever hanya
only
kehandalan: cleverness
hanya satu: except one; only one

hangat
hot hanyir
stinking; fishy

hangit
having a burning smell hanyut
drift; wander; carried away by a current

berhanyut-hanyut: to drift
hangus menghanyutkan: to cause to drift away
burnt; scorched

hanyutan
hantam drifting movement
(1) hit or punch (2) finish all at once

menghantam: to beat violently

hapak
musty; stale-smelling

hantar
send; pass (a ball)
hapus
hantaran: dowry; something that is sent vanish; disappear
menghantarkan: to send off; to bring; to escort
penghantar: sender; deliverer menghapuskan: to wipe out; to abolish; to
penghantaran: delivery eradicate
penghapusan: abolition; eradication
terhapus: eradicated; abolished

hantu
ghost; phantom; spectre
harafiah
berhantu: haunted literal
menghantui: to haunt

haram
hantuk unlawful; forbidden; illicit

102
 mengharamkan: to forbid; to ban
pengharaman: banning

harum
fragrant
harap
hope haruman: fragrance; perfume
mengharum: fragrant
harapan: hope; expectation mengharumi: to make fragrant
pengharapan: hope; expectation mengharumkan: to make fragrant; to make
berharap: to hope; to wish famous
berharapkan: to hope for
mengharap: to hope; to wish; to expect
mengharapkan: to hope for; to wish for
harung
wade

harga mengharungi: to wade

price; value

berharga: valuable
menghargai: to appreciate harus
penghargaan: honour; appreciation necessary; inevitable; must; fitting

mengharuskan: to compel; to permit

seharusnya: necessarily; inevitably; actually
hari
day

haribulan: date hasad

harian: daily jealous; envious; malevolent
berhari-hari: day after day
sehari: one day
sehari-hari: every day
sehari-harian: all day long hasil
product; result

hasil bumi: natural resources

harimau hasil jualan: sales returns
tiger hasil negeri: state revenue
hasil pertanian: agricultural products
berhasil: successful; fruitful
menghasilkan: produce
harta
property

harta tanah: real estate hasrat

hartawan: wealthy person; magnate desire; ambition; object of desire
berharta: having property; wealthy
berhasrat: to have a desire

haru-biru
uproar; chaos hasta
length from elbow to tip of middle finger
mengharukan: to plague
terharu: upset; grieved

103
hasut
instigate

menghasut: to instigate heboh

hasutan: instigation noisy
penghasut: instigator
menghebohkan: to cause an uproar; to
publicise

hati
(1) liver (2) heart (in emotional sense)
hegeh
berhati binatang: cruel flaunting; swagger
berhati-hati: cautious
memperhatikan: to pay attention
pemerhati: observer
perhatian: attention hela
sehati sejiwa: one heart and soul (togetherness) drag or haul

menghela: to drag or haul

haus
(1) thirsty (2) worn out
helah
kehausan: (1) thirst (2) abraded contrivance; trick; excuse
menghauskan: to cause thirst; to yearn for

helai
hawa piece
atmosphere; air; climate

helang
hayat eagle
life

menghayati: to appreciate; to experience

penghayatan: appreciation hemah
manners

hebah
announce; broadcast hemat
frugal; careful and economical
juruhebah: announcer; broadcaster
penghebah: announcer; broadcaster berhemat: to be careful; to be thrifty
menghebahkan: to announce; to broadcast menghematkan: to economise
penghebahan: announcement

hembus
hebat blow; exhale
grand; great
hembusan: a puff; a gust of wind; exhalation
kehebatan: power; awe menghembus: to blow; to exhale
memperhebatkan: to intensify menghembuskan: to blow out
104
 hentak
stamp (of feet)

hempap menghentak: to stamp (of feet)

crushed hentakan: stamping of the feet
menghentakkan: to stamp (of feet)
menghempap: to crush by falling on top of
menghempapkan: to cause something heavy to
fall on
hentam
bash; strike; batter; beat

hempas menghentam: to bash; to strike; to batter; to

slam; throw; lash beat
hentam keromo: to finish all at once
menghempas: to slam; to throw; to lash
berhempas pulas: to work very hard
terhempas: thrown; tossed
henti
stop

hempedal berhenti: to stop

gizzard memberhentikan: to cause to stop
menghentikan: to cause to stop
pemberhentian: stoppage
perhentian: a place for stopping
hempedu terhenti: stopped
bile

henyak
hendak stamp
want; desire; need; wish
menghenyak: to stamp
berkehendak: to wish for menghenyakkan: to throw oneself upon
berkehendakkan: to want; to require terhenyak: sit down suddenly
kehendak: a wish
menghendaki: to require; to ask for
sekehendak hati: according to one's wish
herdik
scold; find fault

hendap herdikan: scolding

lurk; latent; spy mengherdik: to scold

menghendap: to spy; to lurk

terhendap-hendap: to lurk; to be latent
heret
drag

hening mengheret: to drag

calm; clear; pure

keheningan: quietness; clearness

herot
crooked

105
hias hidung
adorn; make-up; decorate nose

menghias: to decorate hidung tinggi: snobbish

menghiasi: to decorate
menghiaskan: to decorate
perhiasan: decoration; adornment
hidup
live; alive; life

hiba hidup-hidup: alive

sorrow; longing hidupan: living things
kehidupan: life
berhiba hati: sorrowful menghidupkan: to start; to switch on
menghibakan: to arouse feelings of sorrow penghidupan: livelihood

hibur hijau
entertain; amuse (1) green (2) immature

menghibur: to entertain; to amuse; to cheer up kehijauan: greenish; greenery

hiburan: entertainment; amusement menghijau: to appear to be green; to become
menghiburkan: entertaining green
penghibur: entertainer
terhibur: entertained

hijrah
(1) Muslim era (2) migrate
hidang
serve; present (food) berhijrah: to migrate
penghijrahan: migration
menghidangkan: to serve; to present (food)
hidangan: a dish of food

hikayat
story; history
hidap
suffer from (an illness)

menghidap: to suffer from (an illness) hikmat

menghidapi: to suffer from (an illness) wisdom; magical powers

hidayat hilang
guidance lost; lose

kehilangan: loss; disappearance

menghilang: to disappear
hidu menghilangkan: to cause to disappear
smell

menghidu: to smell
106
hilir
downstream

hilir-mudik: up and down hingus

menghilir: to go downstream mucus from nose

himpit hingga
squeeze or crush till; until

himpitan: act of squeezing or crushing; crowd

berhimpitan: pushing; pressing; squeezing;
crushing hinggap
menghimpit: to squeeze or crush; to press perch
terhimpit: squeezed; crushed; pressed
menghinggapi: to perch on; to attack (by
illness)

himpun
assemble; collect
hinggut
berhimpun: to assemble; to gather shake; sway
himpunan: accumulation; collection
menghimpunkan: to assemble; to collect
perhimpunan: assembly; gathering
hirau
pay attention to; feel concern for

hina menghiraukan: to pay attention to

low-down; contemptible; dishonourable; mean

menghinakan: to insult
penghinaan: humiliation; insult hiris
terhina: scorned slice; subdivide

hirisan: a slice
menghiris: to slice
hincut terhiris: be offended; be hurt; be touched
lame emotionally

terhincut-hincut: limping

hiruk-pikuk
clamour; uproar
hindar
avoid

menghindar: to avoid; to pull to the side hirup

menghindari: to avoid; to evade sip; suck
menghindarkan: to avoid
terhindar: averted menghirup: to sip; to suck

hingar-bingar hisab
noisy

107
 calculate communicate

ilmu hisab: arithmetic hubungan: connection; ties; link; sexual affair

berhubung: regarding; in respect of
berhubungan: having regards to
menghubungkaitkan: to interrelate
hisap menghubungi: to contact
suck menghubungkan: to connect
perhubungan: connection; relationship
menghisap: to suck; to smoke
penghisap: smoker; sucker; drinking-straw
hisapan: suction
hujah
argument; debate; quarrel

hitam berhujah: to wrangle; to contend; to argue

black menghujahkan: to contend

kehitaman: very black

menghitamkan: to blacken
hujan
rain

hitung hujan rintik-rintik: drizzle

count; enumerate; consider berhujan: to expose oneself to the rain
kehujanan: caught in the rain
berhitung: to count menghujani: to rain upon
menghitung: to count
memperhitungkan: to take into consideration
perhitungan: consideration
hujung
end; edge

hodoh hujung minggu: weekend

ugly hujung tahun: end of the year
penghujung: conclusion; ending

honar
chaos; deceit; fraud hukum
law

hukuman: punishment; penalty; sentence

hormat hukuman maut: death sentence
respect hukuman penjara: jail sentence
menghukum: to sentence for punishment
berhormat: respected
kehormat: honourable
kehormatan: honour
menghormati: to respect hulu
penghormatan: honour; respect (1) butt; handle (of tool or weapon) (2)
terhormat: respected upstream

hubung hulubalang
commander; warlord

108
 uproar; chaos

menghuru-harakan: to create chaos

hulur
stretch

menghulur: to stretch huruf

menghulurkan: to stretch; to release letter of alphabet

huruf besar: capital letter

huruf kecil: small (lower case) letter
huma
dry field

hurung
cancel
humban
fling; throw; hurl

menghumban: to fling; to hurl; to throw hutan

forest

perhutanan: forestry
huni
inhabit

berhuni: inhabited hutang

berpenghuni: inhabited debt
menghuni: to inhabit
penghuni: inhabitant; dweller hutang lapuk: bad debt
hutang-piutang: all kinds of debts
berhutang: to owe

hunjam
bore vertically; dive; plunge down
huyung
stagger

hunus terhuyung-hayang: to stagger

unsheathe
ia
menghunus: to unsheathe it; he; she

beria-ia: truly; really

mengiakan: to assent to
hurai seia sekata: agreeable
expound; elaborate; untie

huraian: elaboration; explanation; description

menghuraikan: to untie; to separate; to settle; iaitu
to decide namely; that is to say

huru-hara ialah
is; are

109
 display the feathers

mengigal: to display the feathers

iau
mew (cat's cry)

mengiau: to mew igau

sleep-talk; nightmare

mengigau: to talk in the sleep; to have a

ibadat nightmare
pious duties; worship igauan: incubus (nightmare); burdensome
person or thing

ibarat
example; parable ihsan
good deed
mengibaratkan: to liken to

ijab
iblis answer to a prayer; tender for goods
dickens; deuce; Devil (in exclamation)
ijab kabul: formalisation of matrimony

Ibrani
Hebrew ijazah
degree (academic)

ibu
mother ijtihad
study
ibu ayam: pimp
ibu jari: thumb
ibu kota: capital city
ibu negara: national capital ijuk
ibu mentua: mother-in-law black fibre of enau palm
ibu sawat telefon: telephone exchange
keibuan: motherly

ikal
curly
idam
crave; longing for ikal mayang: long curly hair

idaman: desire; craving; longing

mengidam: to crave; to long for
mengidamkan: to crave for ikan
fish

perikanan: fisheries
igal

110
ikat ikrab
tie; bind; bunch; bundle (1) inflexion (changing of the form of a word
grammatically) (2) intimate
ikat jamin: bail
ikatan: string; union; band; ties; restriction
ikatan kasih: love ties
ikatan keluarga: family ties ikrar
ikatan perkahwinan: matrimonial ties promise; pledge
mengikat: to tie; to bind; obligatory
pengikat: fastener berikrar: to promise; to pledge
perikatan: alliance; union; confederation mengikrarkan: to promise

ikhlas iktibar
candid; unsophisticated; sincere; frank example; teaching

keikhlasan: honesty; sincerity

iktikad
faith
ikhtiar
endeavour; attempt; effort beriktikad: having the intention

berikhtiar: to endeavour
mengikhtiarkan: to devise; to plan
iktiraf
recognise; acknowledge; accept

ikhtisar mengiktiraf: to recognise; to acknowledge; to

compendium; summary; digest accept
pengiktirafan: recognition; acknowledgement;
acceptance

ikhtisas
professional
iktisad
economy

ikhwan
brothers
ikut
follow

iklan mengikut: to follow

advertisement ikut angin: moody; temperamental
ikut serta: participate
mengiklankan: to advertise; to publicise ikut-ikutan: follow blindly; trend
pengiklanan: advertising berikut: next; following
periklanan: advertising berikutan: following that
mengikuti: to shadow; to follow
pengikut: follower
terikut-ikut: imitating
iklim
climate

ilai
111
 laugh loudly; scream

mengilai: to laugh loudly; to scream

imbuh
augment; increase; supplement; extra

ilham imbuhan: affix; addition; augmentation

inspiration; sudden brilliant idea

mengilhamkan: to inspire; to instil an idea into

imla
dictate (words)

ilmiah
erudite; learned; scholarly
impi
dream; have visions

ilmiawan impian: a dream

scholar

imsak
ilmu the time of commencement of fast
knowledge; learning

berilmu: learned
inai
henna

imam berinai: to have henna applied

Muslim spiritual leader who leads the
congregation in prayer

inang
nursery maid
iman
piety

inap
lodge; reside
imbang
balance menginap: to lodge; to reside
penginapan: lodging
seimbang: equal; balanced
berimbang: balanced; equal; matched; to
balance
keseimbangan: equilibrium incar
imbangan: balance (noun) gimlet (a tool for boring)

imbas inci
glimpse inch

imbasan: a glimpse
mengimbas: to glimpse
112
incut English
lame; crippled

ingin
indah agog; eager; desirous; want; wish
beautiful
keinginan: desire; want; wish
keindahan: beauty menginginkan: to wish for; to desire; to yearn
mengindahkan: to beautify for
teringin: craving

India
of India or Indians ingkar
disobedient

mengingkari: to break a pledge; to disobey

indik
trample

ingus
mucus from the nose
inding
covet; desire eagerly beringus: having a runny nose

induk ini
mother (animal) this

inframerah injak
infra-red pedal

menginjak: to step on; to trample

ingat
remember; memorise; recall
Injil
ingat-ingat: be cautious; remember Bible
ingatan: memory; recollection; remembrance
beringat-ingat: to be careful; to be aware
mengingat: to remember; to think
mengingatkan: to remind; reminiscent insaf
mengingati: to remember; to recall disabuse; realisation; repentance
memperingati: to commemorate
peringatan: reminder; warning keinsafan: realisation
seingat: as far as can be remembered menginsafi: to realise; to repent
teringat: being reminded
teringat-ingat: recalling repeatedly; picturing
in the mind
insan
mankind

Inggeris
113
insang (1) catty; spiteful (2) jealousy
gill (of fish)
iri hati: jealous; envious

intai
peep iring
escort; accompany
mengintai: to peep; to spy
iringan: accompaniment
beriringan: walking together; followed by
mengiringi: to escort; to accompany
intan pengiring: an escort; entourage
diamond seiring: side-by-side

intim iris
intimate slice or thin broad piece

intip isak
peek; peep; glance sob

mengintip: to spy on terisak-isak: sobbing

pengintip: a spy; a secret agent
pengintipan: act of spying

isi
contents
intisari
kernel; central or important part isi hati: feelings
isi padu: volume
berisi: to contain
mengisi: to fill up; to occupy
ipar mengisikan: to fill
brother- or sister-in-law perisian: programming

ipar duai: in-laws

isirung
kernel
irama
rhythm

berirama: rhythmic Islam

of the Muslim religion

iras
alike Isnin
Monday

iri
istana
114
 palace announce
perisytiharan: declaration; proclamation

isteri
wife itik
duck
isteri muda: second wife
isteri tua: first wife
beristeri: to be married (of a man)
memperisteri: to take a wife itu
memperisterikan: to give in marriage that

istiadat izin
ceremony; ceremonial permission; consent; authorisation

keizinan: permission
mengizinkan: to permit; to consent
istilah
term (word or phrase); terminology jaat
a kind of bean
peristilahan: terminological

jabal
istimewa (1) mountain (2) rob
special; extraordinary

keistimewaan: specialty; peculiarity

teristimewa: most special jabang
baby

istirehat
rest; relax; interval jabar
almighty (for God)

isyak
evening prayer (of Muslims) jabarut
sphere attained by the mystic

isyarat
cue or signal jabat
shake hands (in greeting)
mengisyaratkan: to signal
sejabat: colleague
jabatan: department
berjabat: to shake hands (in greeting)
isytihar menjabat: to occupy a post
declare; proclaim; announce pejabat: office

mengisytiharkan: to declare; to proclaim; to

115
jabel make; happen; become; be born
nab
jadi-jadian: apparition
menjadi: to become
menjadikan: to make; to cause; to create
jabhati kejadian: incident; happening
determination terjadi: happened
jadi-nya: so; therefore
jadilah: thus

jabil
sac; pouch; small cloth purse
jadual
programme; schedule; list; table

jabing menjadualkan: to schedule

prominent or large (of ears) penjadualan: scheduling

jabu jae
billowy (of dust, smoke, etc) ginger

jabun jaga
billowy (of dense foliage) be awake; be alert; guard; take care of

jagaan: custody; care; charge; supervision

berjaga: to guard
jabung berjaga-jaga: to be on guard; to be careful; to
glue; resin be alert
menjaga: to look after
penjaga: watchman; guardian; caretaker
penjagaan: care; supervision
terjaga: woke up
jabur
jagabaya: village-police
mixed up; psalm

jagal
jadah
(1 )deal in small wares (2) slaughter (as a
bastard
butcher)

jagalan: small wares; merchandise

jadam
a kind of medicine
jagang
shore
jadar
a kind of plant
jagat
(1) world; universe (2) blackhead; blemish
jadi sejagat: worldwide; universal

116
jagoan jahi
fighting cock; champion; candidate ginger

jaguh jahid
champion ascetic

jagung jahil
maize; corn ignorant; stupid; uneducated

kejahilan: ignorance

jagur
robust; burly
jahim
blazing (of hell)

jah
respect; honour
jahit
sew or stitch

jahanam menjahit: to sew or stitch

destroy; ruin; hell; scoundrel tukang jahit: tailor
jahit-menjahit: needlework
menjahanamkan: to wreck; to destroy; to ruin menjahitkan: to sew something

jahang Jahudi
(1) to abuse angrily (2) dark red Jew

jahar jail
aloud (1) rod with noose of fibre (2) sneaky; nagging

jaharu jais
low-class scoundrel; pariah unreceptive; inattentive

jahat jaiz
bad; evil; immoral lawful or permitted (of Muslims)

kejahatan: badness; wickedness

penjahat: villain
sejahat-jahat: however bad jaja

117
 hawk; peddle goods

berjaja: to hawk; to peddle goods

menjaja: to hawk; to peddle jalan
penjaja: hawker (1) road; street; way; route (2) walk

berjalan: to walk
berjalan-jalan: to take a walk
jajah menjalani: to undergo
colonise menjalankan: to perform; to carry out
pejalan kaki: pedestrian
menjajah: to colonise perjalanan: journey
jajahan: colony; district
penjajah: coloniser; colonialist
penjajahan: colonialism
jalar
creep

jajal menjalar: to creep; to crawl

try or attempt

jalin
jajan plait; braid
buy sweets
menjalin: to plait; to braid; to establish
menjalinkan: to establish a relationship
terjalin: woven; plaited; established
jajar
parallel; on same level; row or line

berjajar: in a row; next to each other jalur

sejajar: parallel; in line with; in alignment stripe; strip

jaluran: stripe
berjalur-jalur: striped
jajat
mimic

jam
clock; watch; hour
jaksa
judicial officer; justice berjam-jam: for hours

jala Jamadilakhir
fishing net sixth month of the Muslim calendar

jala-jala: hairnet
menjala: to fish with cast net
penjala: fisherman Jamadilawal
fifth month of the Muslim calendar

jalad
executioner jamah
118
 touch; taste; eat in small amounts incantation; magic spell

menjamah: to touch; to taste; to eat in small

amounts
jampuk
owl

jamak
plural (in grammar)
jamu
(1) herbal medicine (2) feast

jambak jamuan: a feast; party; reception

bunch of flowers; bouquet; compliment berjamu: to feast
menjamu: to feast; to entertain

jamban
latrine; toilet; lavatory jana
life

janakuasa: generator
jambang menjanakan: to generate
(1) sideburns (2) flowers arranged in a vase penjana: generator
penjanaan: generation of energy
jambangan: flowers arranged in a vase

janda
jambat a widow
bridge
janda berhias: childless widow
jambatan: bridge menjanda: to be a widow

jambu jangan
guava don't

jangan-jangan: maybe
jangankan: let alone
jambul
crest; tuft on head; plume on helmet

janggal
awkward
jamin
guarantee; promise kejanggalan: awkwardness

jaminan: a guarantee
menjamin: to guarantee
terjamin: guaranteed janggus
penjamin: guarantor a type of tree bearing edible fruit

jampi janggut
119
 beard

berjanggut: bearded
jantan
male

jangka kejantanan: masculinity

(1) a meter (measuring device) (2) expect;
anticipate (3) period of time

jangka angin: anemometer jantina

jangkamasa: duration of time gender; sex
jangka suhu: thermometer
jangkahayat: life expectancy
jangkaan: expectation; anticipation
menjangka: to expect; to anticipate jantung
menjangkakan: to expect; to anticipate heart

jantung hati: sweetheart

jangkau
reach out with the hand
jarah
jangkauan: the reach of one's hand pillage; plunder; rob
menjangkau: to reach out
terjangkau: reached out

jarak
distance
jangkit
infectious berjarak: to be at a distance
menjarakkan: to space out
berjangkit: infectious; infected
menjangkitkan: infectious; communicable (of
disease)
jangkitan: infection jaram
menjangkiti: to infect a compress or pad to stop bleeding, etc

jangkung jarang
heron (1) seldom (2) transparent (of material) (3) thin
(of hair)

jarang-jarang: rarely; seldom

janin
foetus

jari
finger
janji
promise

janji temu: appointment jaring

berjanji: to promise net
menjanjikan: to promise
perjanjian: agreement; contract penjaring: scorer (of goal)
120
 menjauhi: to stay away from; to shun
sejauh: as far as

jarum
needle
jauhari
jarum peniti: pin jeweller; expert

jasa jawa
merit; service tamarind

jasa baik: good offices asam jawa: tamarind

berjasa: to fulfil one's duty

jawab
jasad answer; reply; respond
body
jawapan: an answer
berjawab: answered
menjawab: to answer; to reply
jasmani
physical

jasmaniah: physical jawat

colleague

sejawat: colleague
jata jawatan: post; appointment; job
blazon jawatankuasa: committee
berjawatan: holding a post
menjawat: to hold a post
perjawatan: post; job
jati
(1) pure; genuine (2) teakwood

sejati: real; true (of friends) Jawi

Arabic characters

jatuh
fall jaya
successful
kejatuhan: a fall; a collapse
menjatuhkan: to cause to fall or drop jayanya: successfully
terjatuh: dropped or fell berjaya: to succeed; successful
kejayaan: success
menjayakan: to make successful

jauh
far; distant
jebak
berjauhan: far apart snare; trap
kejauhan: afar

121
 menjebak: to trap trail
terjebak: trapped
berjela: to trail
berjela-jela: to trail

jeda
interval
jelaga
soot

jegil
stare with bulging eyes
jelah
menjegilkan: to stare in horror or astonishment legible

jejak jelajah
footstep; trail; track explore

menjejak: to trail menjelajah: to explore

menjejaki: to trail menjelajahi: to explore
penjelajah: explorer
penjelajahan: exploration

jejaka
bachelor; young man
jelak
fed up; bored

jejambat
flyover
jelang
eve of

jejantas
flyover
jelapang
granary; rice bowl

jejari
radius
jelas
clear; well-defined; evident; obvious

jejas menjelaskan: to explain; to clarify; to settle

affect penjelasan: explanation; clarification

menjejaskan: to affect; to act upon in an

adverse manner
terjejas: affected; acted upon in an adverse jelata
manner commoner; ordinary people

jela jelatang
nettle
122
jelik jemala
ugly; bad; repulsive chump; block

jeling jembalang
ogle flirtatiously gnome

jelingan: a glance through the corner of the eye

menjeling: to ogle flirtatiously; to look through
the corner of the eye jempul
superfine

jelir
stick out (tongue) jemput
invite
menjelir: to stick out (tongue)
menjelirkan: to stick out (tongue) menjemput: to invite
jemputan: invitation
sejemput: a pinch of

jelita
pretty; beautiful
jemput-jemput
jelitawan: beautiful girl dumpling made from mixture of flour and
kejelitaan: beauty bananas

jelma jemu
incarnate; materialise bored; weary

menjelma: to incarnate; to materialise menjemukan: to bore

jelmaan: metamorphic; incarnation
menjelmakan: to create
penjelmaan: incarnation; materialisation;
metamorphosis jemur
sunbathe; bask

berjemur: to sunbathe; to bask

jeluas jemuran: clothes hung out to dry
gory; bloody menjemur: to dry in the sun

jelujur jenak
baste; temporary stitches moment

sejenak: a moment

jemaah
pilgrim; assembly; congregation
jenaka
123
 banter; joke jengkel
annoyed; irritated
berjenaka: to joke
menjengkelkan: to annoy; to irritate

jenama
brand; trade mark jengket
tiptoe
berjenama: branded
berjengket: to tiptoe
menjengket: to tiptoe

jenang
window or door frame; jamb
jenguk
look with head thrust forward

jenayah menjenguk: to look with head thrust forward

crime menjengukkan: to thrust head forward

penjenayah: criminal

jenggul
protrude
jenazah
corpse menjenggulkan: to protrude

jendela jenis
window type; sort; kind

berjenis-jenis: of many types; a variety

penjenisan: classification
jengah sejenis: of one type; a type of
peep; glance

menjengah: to peep; to glance

jentera
machinery; machine

jengkal
span between the tips of stretched thumb and
little finger jentik
(1) snap or flick with finger (2) larva
sejengkal: a span between the tips of stretched
thumb and little finger menjentik: to snap or flick with finger
jentik-jentik: larva
jentikan: fillip

jengkau
reach out
jentolak
menjengkau: to reach out bulldozer

124
jenuh
satisfied; full

jerekit
cohere
jera
discourage; dishearten; dissuade

jerembat
fall headlong
jeram
rapids terjerembat: to fall headlong

jerami jerempak
hay; straw meet by chance

terjerempak: to meet by chance

jeran
discourage
jerih
tired

jerang
boil
jeriji
menjerang: to boil a grate
menjerangkan: to boil

jering
jerangkap a type of tree and its malodorous fruit
booby trap

jerit
jerangkung scream
human skeleton
menjerit: to scream
terjerit-jerit: screaming
jeritan: act of screaming
jerat
a snare or trap

menjerat: to snare or trap jerjak

trellis; lattice

jerawat
pimple jerkah
snarl; yell

menjerkah: to snarl
jerebu
haze
125
jernih menjijikkan: revolting; loathsome; to cause
clear; transparent; pure disgust

kejernihan: clarity; purity

menjernihkan: to make clear; to purify
jika
if

jeruk
pickle
jikalau
if

jerumat
to darn
jilat
lick; lap

jerumus menjilat: to lick; to lap

cause to fall

menjerumuskan: to cause to fall

terjerumus: to fall forward jilid
binding; volume (of printed material)

menjilid: to bind (printed material)

jerung penjilidan: binding (of printed material)
shark

jimak
jerut copulation
constrict; tighten a knot; strangle with rope

menjerut: to constrict; to tighten a knot; to

strangle with rope jimat
thrift

berjimat:thrifty; prudent
jidal menjimatkan: to save
thimble

jin
jihad spirit
holy war

jinak
jidar tame; domesticated
margin; border; edge
berjinak-jinak: to familiarise with
kejinakan: tameness
menjinakkan: to tame; to domesticate
jijik
distasteful; disgusting

126
jingga correct; accurate; exact
orange (colour)
kejituan: accuracy
menjitukan: to correct

jinjang
long and slender (of neck)
jiwa
soul; spirit

jinjing berjiwa: to be alive: to have the spirit

carry light objects in the hand menjiwai: to put more life or spirit into; to
enliven
menjinjing: to carry light objects in the hand

jodoh
jintan marriage partner or match
herb with spicy seeds
berjodoh: to take as a spouse
jintan manis: aniseed menjodohkan: to marry off
jintan putih: cummin

joget
jiplak a Malay dance
copy or trace
berjoget: to dance the joget

jiran
neighbour johan
champion
berjiran: to have as a neighbour; neighbouring;
neighbourly kejohanan: championship
kejiranan: neighbourhood

jolok
jirat poke or thrust
non-Muslim grave
menjolok: to poke; to thrust
menjolok mata: shameful; unsightly

jirus
douse; pour water on
jong
menjirus: to douse; to pour water on junk (sailing ship)

jisim jongang
body; mass protruding (of teeth)

jitu jongkang-jongket
127
 see-saw fight; struggle

berjuang: to fight; to struggle

memperjuangkan: to fight for
jongkok pejuang: fighter
cringe;cower perjuangan: a fight; a struggle; war
seperjuangan: a common fight or struggle

jongkong
(1) ingot; bullion (2) large dug-out canoe juara
champion

kejuaraan: championship
joran menjuarai: to become the champion
fishing rod

jubah
joreng robe; chasuble
a small piece or shred

jubin
jorong tile
(1) betel leaf container (2) funnel

judi
jua gamble
also
berjudi: to gamble
memperjudikan: to gamble
penjudi: gambler
juadah perjudian: gamble
comestibles; things to eat

judul
juak title; subject
court page
berjudul: having a title

jual
sell juga
also; too
berjual: to sell
berjual beli: to trade
menjual: to sell
penjual: seller juita
jualan: sale lovely; sweet

juang jujuh

128
 trickle Friday

berjujuh: to trickle

jumbai
frill
jujur
honest; trustworthy

kejujuran: honesty jumlah

total

berjumlah: having a total of

Julai menjumlahkan: to total up
July sejumlah: a total of; a sum of

julang jumpa
boost; push upwards; soar (1) meet (2) find ; discover

menjulang: to boost; to push upwards; to soar berjumpa: to meet

julangan: upward thrust jumpaan: a finding; a discovery
menjumpai: to meet; to find; to discover
perjumpaan: meeting
terjumpa: found
julap
laxative

Jun
June
juling
squint

junam
dive; nosedive
julukan
nickname; pet name; epithet menjunam: to dive; to nosedive
terjunam: plunged head first

julung
primary; the first junjung
(1) respect deeply (2) carry on the head
julung kali: the first time
menjunjung: (1) to respect deeply (2) to carry
on the head

julur
protrude
juntai
menjulur: to protrude dangling; pendulous
menjulurkan: to cause to protrude
berjuntai: dangling; pendulous

Jumaat
129
jurang jurukira
ravine; gap accountant

jurang generasi: generation gap

jurulatih
coach; trainer
juru
expert

jurumasak
chef
juruacara
master of ceremonies; compere

jurumudi
helmsman
juruaudit
auditor

juruoptik
optician
juruazan
muezzin

jururawat
nurse
jurubahasa
interpreter

jurusawat
mechanic
jurubina
architect

juruselam
diver
jurucakap
spokesman

jurusolek
beautician
jurugambar
photographer

jurutaip
typist
juruhebah
announcer

juruteknik
technician
jurukamera
cameraman

jurutera

130
 engineer leap year

kejuruteraan: engineering

kabu
cotton tree
juruterbang
air pilot kekabu: cotton tree

jurutrengkas kabul
stenographer fulfil; grant

mengabulkan: to fulfil; to grant

terkabul: fulfilled; granted
juruukur
surveyor

kabung
juruulas mourn
commentator
berkabung: to mourn
perkabungan: mourning; expression of grief

juruwang
cashier
kabur
blur; dim; unclear; vague

jurus mengaburkan: to make blur

moment mengaburi: to make blur

sejurus: a moment
jurusan: department; direction; stream
menjurus: in the direction of kabus
mist

justeru
hence; for this reason kabut
fog

berkabut: foggy
juta kelam-kabut: chaos; chaotic
million

jutawan: millionaire
berjuta-juta: millios of kaca
glass
Kaabah
cubic black stone building in the mosque in
Mecca
kacak
handsome; smart-looking

kabisat
131
kacang
bean

kacang bendi: lady's fingers kaduk

fool (of Malay folklore)

kacau
(1) harass; disturb (2) stir kaedah
method; procedure
kacau-bilau: chaotic
kekacauan: disturbance
mengacau: (1) to harass; to disturb (2) to stir
mengacaukan: to stir; to mix kafan
pengacau: trouble-maker; one who disturbs shroud

kacip kafilah
nutcracker caravan; convoy of travellers

kacuk kafir
cross-bred infidel; person with no religious faith

kacukan: offspring of cross-breed mengkafirkan: to consider as an infidel

kacung kaget
mantis startled

mengagetkan: to startle

kadam
sole of foot
kagum
impressive; amazing; astounding

kadang-kadang mengagumi: to amaze; to astound

sometimes mengagumkan: to amaze; to astound

kadang kala: sometimes; now and then

kahak
phlegm
kadar
rate; ratio; proportion

berkadar: proportional kahwin

sekadar: just; only marry

kahwin lari: elope

mengahwini: to marry
kadi mengahwinkan: to marry off
Muslim judge perkahwinan: marriage; wedding
132
 kaji bintang
astronomy

kail
fishing-rod
kaji bumi
mengail: to fish with a rod geology
pengail: angler; fisherman

kaji cuaca
kain meteorology
cloth

kaji haiwan
kais zoology
scratch with the claws

mengais: to scratch with the claws

kaji hayat
biology

kait
(1) crochet; knit (2) metal hook (3) correlate
kaji purba
mengait: to knit; to crochet archaeology
kaitan: correlation; relationship; relevance
berkaitan: having a connection or correlation
mengaitkan: to connect; to associate; to
correlate kaji selidik
perkaitan: connection survey or study

kajai kaji tumbuhan

collar botany

kajang kakak
awning; roofing (for boat or cart) elder sister

kaji kakak ipar

study sister-in-law
mengkaji: to study; to do research into
kajian: a study; analysis; scrutiny
mengaji: to read the Koran
kakaktua
pengajian: pursuit of knowledge; academic
cockatoo; parrot
study
pengkajian: research
pengkaji: researcher
kakanda

133
 elder brother or sister kalah mati: knock-out system (in sporting
competition)
kekalahan: a defeat
mengalah: to concede defeat
kaki mengalahkan: to defeat
(1) foot; leg (2) measure of length equal to one
foot (12 inches)

kakisama: isosceles; having two sides equal (of kalam

triangle) writing pen
kakitangan: staff; personnel; employees

kalang
kaki ayam transverse support
barefoot

kalangan
kaki bangku circle or group with similar interests
one who cannot play football

kalau
kaki bola if
one who loves football
kalau-kalau: maybe

kaki gaduh
trouble-maker kalbu
heart

kaki judi
gambler kaldu
broth

kaku
stiff kali
times; multiply
kaku lidah: tongue-tied
kali-kali: multiplication table
berkali-kali: repeatedly
sekali: once; at the same time; superlative
kala sekali imbas: glance
length or period of time sekali-sekala: once in a while
sekalipun: although
kala jengking: scorpion sekalian: all
berkala: periodical

kalimantang
kalah fluorescent light
lose; defeated

134
kalimat
sentence; period

kambus
engulf; cover
kalis
proof; able to withstand mengambus: to engulf; to cover
terkambus: covered with earth

kalis air
waterproof kami
we; us

kalis api
fireproof kamir
yeast

kalis karat
rust-proof kampit
portable case; sack

kalis peluru
bullet-proof kampung
village

berkampung: to assemble
kaloi perkampungan: a group of villages
carp

kamu
kalung you; your
necklace

mengalungkan: to garland
kalungan: a garland kamus
dictionary

kalut
muddle; confusion; disorder kanak-kanak
child

kamar
room kanan
(1) right (2) senior

kambing
goat kancil
mousedeer
gembala kambing: goat-herd
135
 kanta cembung: convex lens
kanta pembesar: magnifying lens

kancing
buckle; fastener
kantuk
berkancing: to have a fastener sleepiness; drowsiness
mengancing: to fasten
terkancing: fastened mengantuk: sleepy; drowsy

kandang kantung
cage; pen; fold pouch; purse

mengandang: to cage

kanun
code of law
kandas
(1) run aground (2) fail

terkandas: failed; stranded; aground kapah

gasp; tremble

kandung
contain kapai
to flap the arms to stay afloat
mengandung: pregnant
kandungan: contents
mengandungi: to contain; to consist of; filled
with kapak
axe

mengapak: to cut with an axe

kangkang
straddle; astride

mengangkang: to straddle kapal

terkangkang: with legs wide apart ship

perkapalan: shipping

kanji
starch
kapal angkasa
berkanji: starched; starchy spaceship
menganji: to starch

kapal induk
kanta mothership
lens

kanta cekung: concave lens

kapal korek
136
 dredge kara
all alone

kapal perang
battleship karam
sink (of ship); submerge

kapal selam
submarine karang
(1) coral (2) compose

batu karang: coral

kapal terbang mengarang: to compose
aeroplane karangan: composition
pekarangan: front portion of house
pengarang: author

kapar
scattered; sprawled
karat
berkaparan: scattered (1) rust (2) carat
terkapar: sprawled
berkarat: rusty; to rust
karatan: rustiness

kapas
cotton
karau
churn

kapit
flank; escort
kardus
mengapit: to flank; to escort hardboard
pengapit: bridesmaid
terkapit: flanked

kari
curry
kapuk
a type of cotton

karib
intimate
kapung
afloat

karkas
crabbed (of handwriting)
kapur
lime; chalk

mengapuri: to white-wash karung

sack

137
 ostrich

karut
nonsense; ridiculous kasut
shoe
karut-marut: nonsense

kata
karya word; say
literary work; masterpiece
kata hati: intuition
karyawan: writer katakan: tell; say; suppose
katanya: he or she said
berkata-kata: to chatter
mengata: to gossip
kasa mengatakan: to tell
gauze memperkatakan: to talk; to discuss; about
perkataan: word
sekata: even

kasap
craggy; rugged
katak
frog

kasar
rough; crude; rude
katik
kekasaran: coarseness; rudeness; roughness small; short; stunted
mengasarkan: to make rough

katil
kasi bed
(1) give (2) castrate
katil bujang: single bed
mengasi: to castrate katil kelamin: double bed

kasih katuk
affection; love to knock; to tap

kasih sayang: affection; love; fondness

kasihan: pity
berkasih-kasihan: to be in love with each other katung
kekasih: lover; sweetheart float
mengasihani: to pity
mengasihi: to love someone terkatung-katung: floating
pengasih: lover
ubat pengasih: love spell

katup
(1) closely held (2) cover
kasuari
138
 berkatup: closed
terkatup: shut tight

kawasan
area; region
kau
you (abbreviation of 'engkau')

kawat
cable; wire
kaum
community; group

perkauman: racial kawat berduri

barbed wire

kaus
hose kaya
rich; wealthy

kaya anak: having many children

kaus kaki kaya raya: very rich
footwear kekayaan: wealth
memperkayakan: to enrich
terkaya: richest

kaut
scoop up
kayangan
fairyland; very beautiful place

kawah
cauldron; large pan; crater
kayap
shingles

kawal
control; guard; check
kayu
berkawal: on guard wood
mengawal: to guard; to control; to watch
mengawali: to guard; to escort; to control kayu-kayuan: wood; timber
mengawal diri: to restrain oneself kayu-kayan: wood; timber
pengawal: a guard; a controller kayu api: firewood
kawalan: state of being under control or under kayu balak: log
guard perkayuan: logging; timber industry
kayu manis: cinnamon

kawan
friend; companion kayuh
row; paddle; pedal
berkawan: to be friends; to have friends
berkawan-kawan: in groups of friends berkayuh: to row; to paddle
mengawani: to accompany mengayuh: to row; to paddle
pengayuh: an oar; a paddle; a pedal
139
 taste; enjoy

mengecap: to taste; to enjoy

kebal
impenetrable; immune; invulnerable; exempt

kekebalan: immunity kecapi

lute

kebas
numb kecewa
disappointed; frustrated
kekebasan: numbness
kekecewaan: disappointment; frustration
mengecewakan: to disappoint; to frustrate

kebil
to blink (of eyes)
kecil
terkebil-kebil: blinking (of eyes) small

kecil hati: hurt (of feelings)

kecil-kecilan: small scale
kebun memperkecilkan: to belittle
garden; plantation

berkebun: to do gardening; to do farming

pekebun: gardener; farmer kecimpung
perkebunan: gardening; farming dabble; plunge in; splash; be involved;
participate

berkecimpung: to dabble; to plunge in; to be

kecai involved; to participate
shattered

berkecai: to shatter; shattered

kecoh
uproar; outcry

kecam kekecohan: uproar; outcry

criticise severely; reprimand

mengecam: to criticise severely; to reprimand

kecaman: criticism kecuali
except; exempt

berkecuali: neutral
kecamuk kekecualian: exception
causing to feel stunned or bewildered; furious mengecualikan: to exclude; to exempt
(of combat) pengecualian: exemption

kecap kecundang
defeated; beaten

140
kecur kedut
mouth-watering crease; wrinkle

kedutan: crease; wrinkle

berkedut: wrinkled
kecut mengedutkan: to cause to be creased or
shrink; shrivel; contract wrinkled

kecut hati: afraid

mengecutkan: to shrink
pengecut: coward kehel
sprain

terkehel: sprained
kedai
shop

berkedai: to be a shopkeeper kejam

pekedai: shopkeeper cruel

kekejaman: cruelty

kedal
skin disease of hands and feet
kejang
cramp; inflexible; stiff

kedang kekejangan: cramps

outstretched (of limb)

kejap
kedap moment
impervious; sealed
sekejap: a moment
kedap udara: airtight berkejap: to blink

kedek kejar
waddle (like a duck) chase

terkedek-kedek: to waddle (like a duck) mengejar: to chase

berkejar-kejaran: to chase one another
terkejar-kejar: in a hurry

kedekut
stingy
keji
despicable; contemptible

kedip mengeji: to despise; to discredit

blink; twinkle; flicker

141
Kejora kelabu
Venus grey

keju keladak
cheese dregs; sediment

kejur keladi
stiff yam

kejut kelah
shock picnic

terkejut: shocked berkelah: to picnic

kejutan: great shock perkelahan: a picnic
mengejut: sudden
mengejutkan: to shock; to startle; to surprise

kelahi
quarrel
kekal
everlasting; eternal; permanent berkelahi: to quarrel
perkelahian: a quarrel
berkekalan: to be everlasting; to be permanent
mengekalkan: to perpetuate

kelak
soon after
kekek
giggle; chortle

terkekek-kekek: to giggle; to chortle kelakar

mengekek: to giggle funny; antic; joke

berkelakar: to joke; to jest

kekang
bridle; means of restraint
kelalang
kekangan: constraint; restriction earthenware pitcher; flask

kekok kelam
clumsy dusky; gloomy; dim

kelam-kabut: chaotic
kekelaman: gloom
kekuda
trestle

kelambu
142
 mosquito-net kelawar
bat (animal)

kelamin
couple keldai
ass; donkey
sekelamin: a pair; a couple

kelecek
kelamun dribble (in football)
daydream
mengelecek: to dribble (in football)
mengelamun: to daydream

keledek
kelana sweet potato
wanderer

berkelana: to wander
kelek-kelek
armrest

kelangkang
crotch; groin
kelemayar
glow-worm

kelapa
coconut
kelemayuh
kelapa kering: copra gangrene

kelapa sawit kelemumur

oil palm dandruff

kelar kelengkeng
(1) nick; small cut (2) segment of centipede little finger

kelasi kelenjar
sailor gland

kelat kelentang
bitterish in taste clanking sound

143
kelenting keliling
clanging noise around

berkeliling: around
mengelilingi: to encircle; to surround; to go
kelentong around; to encompass
(1) to bluff (2) hawker's rattle pekeliling: circular
sekeliling: surrounding

kelentit
clitoris kelim
hem (of cloth); seam

kelepet
lapel kelinci
hare

kelepur
flutter kelip
blink; twinkle; wink
mengelepur: to flutter
berkelip-kelip: to blink; to twinkle; to wink
sekelip mata: in a wink

keletah
coquettish
kelip-kelip
firefly

keli
river catfish
keliru
puzzled; confused; bewildered

keliar kekeliruan: confusion; bewilderment

to gallivant; to prowl mengelirukan: to confuse; puzzling; to
bewilder
terkeliru: puzzled; confused; bewildered

kelibat
double-headed paddle
kelmarin
day before yesterday

kelicap
sun-bird
kelok
crook; bend; curve

kelikir berkelok: bent; curved

gravel; rattan ring

kelola
144
 organise flying fox

mengelola: to organise; to manage

kelolaan: management
mengelolakan: to organise keluar
pengelola: organiser go out; exit
pengelolaan: organisation; supervision
keluaran: publication; product; made in
mengeluarkan: to bring out; to publish; to
produce
kelompok pengeluar: producer
batch; cluster; group pengeluaran: production
terkeluar: excluded; expressed
berkelompok-kelompok: in groups; in clusters
mengelompokkan: to put into groups

keluarga
family
kelompong
part of telephone on which the receiver rests berkeluarga: having a family
kekeluargaan: family; kinship

kelonet
measly; meagre kelubung
veil; hood

berkelubung: veiled; hooded

kelong
fish tunnel net

keluh
sigh
kelongsong
leaf or paper cone used as container or wrapper keluhan: a sigh; a moan
berkeluh-kesah: to moan
mengeluh: to moan; to sigh

kelontong
haberdashery
keluk
curve; bend

kelopak berkeluk-keluk: winding

sepal; calyx

kelopak bunga: sepal; calyx

kelopak mata: eyelid keluli
steel

kelu
speechless kelumit
morsel; very small amount

keluang
145
kelupas kembang
peel off expand; enlarge; blossom

mengelupas: to peel off; to come off berkembang: to expand; to enlarge; to blossom

mengembangkan: to develop; to cause to
expand
memperkembangkan: to develop; to cause to
kemala expand
bezoar perkembangan: development

kemanakan kembar
nephew; niece twin

kemarau kembara
drought explore; wander

mengembara: to explore; to wander

pengembara: explorer; wanderer
kemaruk pengembaraan: exploration; adventure
rapacious; ravenous; very hungry or greedy

kembiri
kemas castrate
orderly; neat; tidy

kemaskini: update
berkemas: to pack; to clear away kemboja
mengemaskan: to arrange; to tidy up; to pack frangipani
mengemaskinikan: to update

kembu
kematu creel; angler's basket
corn (hardened area of skin)

kembung
kembali flatulent; distended from pressure within
return; over again

mengembalikan: to return something

pengembalian: restoration kemeja
shirt

kemban
cloth tied above the bosom kemelut
crucial or critical; crisis; emergency
berkemban: to tie the cloth (sarong) above the
bosom

kemenyan
146
 incense

kena
kemik incur; strike; touch
dent; dented
kena-mengena: connection; relation
berkenaan: in connection with; in relation to
mengenai: in connection with; regarding
kemis mengenakan: to impose
beg terkena: affected; tricked

mengemis: to beg
pengemis: beggar
kenal
know; recognise

kempas-kempis kenalan: acquaintance

inflate and deflate berkenalan: having acquaintance with
mengenal: to know; to recognise
mengenali: to know; to recognise; to identify
memperkenalkan: to introduce
kempis pengenalan: identification; introduction
shrink perkenalan: acquaintance
terkenal: famous; well-known
mengempiskan: to deflate

kenan
kempunan agree; assent
longing for
berkenan: to agree; to assent
memperkenankan: to approve
perkenan: approval; consent
kemudi
helm; rudder

mengemudikan: to steer kenang

pengemudi: helmsman recall

mengenang: to recall
kenang-kenangan: souvenir; reminiscence
kemudian kenangan: memory; remembrance; nostalgia
then; later; afterwards mengenangkan: to recall
terkenang: reminiscent
mengemudiankan: to postpone; to delay
terkemudian: last

kenapa
why
kemuncak
peak; summit

kencang
boisterous; strong (of wind)
kemuncup
love grass
147
kencing to walk with legs wide apart
urine

kening
kencing manis eyebrow
diabetes mellitus

kenit
kendali tiny; midget; dwarf
conduct; manage; operate; hold the reins

mengendalikan: to manage; to conduct; to

operate; to handle; to hold the reins kental
kendalian: operation; management thick (of fluid)

kendati kentang
although potato

kenderaan kentut
vehicle flatulence

terkentut: passed flatus

kendi
(1) cylindrical glass or earthenware jar (2)
curlew kenyal
pliable; elastic

kendong
carry something in the folds of a sarong kenyang
sated (with food)
mengendong: to carry something in the folds
of a sarong kekenyangan: fullness (of stomach)
mengenyangkan: to satiate

kendur
loose; slack; not taut kenyit
wink; blink
mengendur: to slacken; to sag
mengendurkan: to slacken; to loosen mengenyit: to wink; to blink

kenduri kepada
a feast to (person)

kengkang kepah
148
 mussel kepit
(1) fasten with a clip (2) a clip (3) hold under
the arm

kepak mengepit: (1) to fasten with a clip (2) to hold

wing under the arm

berkepak: winged
berkepak-kepak: to flap (for wings)
kepiting
soft-shelled crab

kepal
lump
kepompong
chrysalis; pupa

kepalan
lump
kepuk
rice barn

kepala
(1) head (2) chief person
kepul
kepala angin: moody thick puff (e.g.of smoke)
mengepalai: to be the leader
kepulan: a cloud of smoke

kepalang
little kepung
besiege

berkepung: to besiege
keparat kepungan: siege; blockade
non-believer mengepung: to besiege
pengepungan: siege; blockade
terkepung: besieged; surrounded

kepialu
typhoid
kera
monkey

kepil
attach
kerabat
kinship; relatives

keping
piece; sheet
kerah
kepingan: pieces; sheet call up (into the armed forces)
berkeping-keping: in pieces; fragmented
mengerahkan: to call up (into the armed

149
 forces)
kerahan: conscription

keranjang
crate; basket
keraian
festival; entertainment

kerap
frequent; close (of texture)
kerak
crust (e.g of bread) kekerapan: frequency

kerakal keras
pebble hard; firm; harsh; stiff; loud

berkeras: to act harshly; stubborn

kekerasan: force; power; might
keramat mengeraskan: to harden; to make loud
one having supernatural powers keras hati: stubborn; indomitable

kerambit kerat
small sickle with curved end cut; incise

mengerat: to cut; to incise

keratan: a slice; a piece
keran keratan akhbar: news clip
faucet; tap

kerawang
kerana fretwork
because; for the sake of

kerawit
keranda pin-worm
coffin; casket
cacing kerawit: pin-worm

kerang
cockle; shellfish kerbau
buffalo

kerbau pendek: pig

kerangka
framework; chassis; carcass; draft

kerdil
(1) cretinous; dwarfish (2) cretin; dwarf
kerani
clerk
150
kerdip pebble
twinkle; wink

kering
kerek dry
apparatus for hoisting things
kering-kontang: parched; arid
kekeringan: dryness
mengeringkan: to dry something
kerekot pengering rambut: hair dryer
twisted

keringat
kerenah sweat
whim; caprice
berkeringat: to sweat; sweating

kerengga
red ant kerinting
frizzy; a perm or artificial wave in the hair

kerepek
fried chips of banana, tapioca, sweet potato, kerip
etc. nip with the front teeth

kereta keris
car; carriage Malay dagger

keretapi: train
kereta sorong: wheelbarrow
kereta jenazah: hearse kerisik
(1) dry old banana fronds (2) rustling of dry
leaves

keretek
a type of cigarette containing tobacco and
cloves keriting
curly

mengeritingkan: to curl
keria
crane (bird)

kerja
work
kericau
chirp kerjasama: cooperation
bekerja: to work; working
bekerjasama: to cooperate
pekerja: worker
kerikil
151
 pekerjaan: occupation; work
kerjatangan: handiwork; handicraft

kerongsang
brooch
kerjaya
career

keropok
crackers or chips (usually made from shrimps)
kerkah
crunch noisily with the teeth

kersang
barren; dry
kerkap
a crunching sound

kersik
grit
kerlap
a short nap

kertak
gnash or grind (one's teeth)
kerling
glance sideways briefly

mengerling: to glance sideways briefly kertas

kerlingan: a brief glance paper

kerlip kertau
flicker; wink mulberry

kerlipan: a flicker

keruan
certain; definite
kernyih
grin

kerubung
swarm
keroncong
(1) a kind of traditional Malay music (2)
rumbling sound from hungry stomach
kerudung
keroncongan: a type of plant cowl

kerongkong keruh
throat cloudy (of liquid); turbid

kerongkongan: throat kekeruhan: turbidity

152
kerumun kesan
besiege; throng; swarm (1) effect; impression (2) indelible (of a mark)

berkerumun: to besiege; to throng; to swarm kesan jari: fingerprint

mengerumuni: to crowd around; to swarm; to kesan sampingan: side effect
besiege berkesan: effective
keberkesanan: effectiveness
mengesan: to track down

keruping
scab; crust or clotted blood on a wound
kesat
(1) abusive; crude-mannered (2) coarse or
rough in texture
kerusi
chair mengesat: to wipe
mengesatkan: to make rough
kerusi roda: wheelchair pengesat kaki: doormat
pengerusi: chairman
mempengerusikan: to chair

kesatria
warrior
kerut
frown

kerutan: wrinkle kesot

berkerut: wrinkled; to frown drag
mengerutkan: to frown
berkesot: to drag
mengesot: to drag

kerutu
rough to the touch
ketak
cackle (of hens)

kesah
restless
ketam
(1) crab (2) reap or harvest (3) plane (of wood)

kesahan mengetam: (1) to reap or harvest (2) to plane

authenticity; legality; legitimacy (of wood)

kesak ketap
move on slowly (1) clench; grit (2) plain; evident

kesal ketar
regretable; deplorable; regret doddery; trembling
153
 sting of a mosquito bite; pinch

ketara
conspicuous; obvious ketitir
turtle-dove

ketat
tight; taut ketua
chief; leader; headman
mengetatkan: to tighten
memperketatkan: to tighten; to make more mengetuai: to lead; to head
strict pengetua: principal

ketawa ketuhar
laugh; laughter oven

mengetawakan: to laugh it out

ketuk
knock
ketemu
meet berketuk: to crow like a rooster; to rap (of
engine)
mengetuk: to knock; to strike
ketukan: a knock
ketiak
armpit

ketul
a lump
ketik
clack (short sharp sound) seketul: a lump
berketul-ketul: lumpy

ketika
juncture; point of time; moment; when ketumbar
coriander
seketika: a moment

ketumbit
keting stye
part of the leg just above the heel

ketupat
ketingting cooked rice packed in palm leaves
hopscotch

khabar
ketip
154
 news circumcision

khabarnya: it is said mengkhatankan: to circumcise

mengkhabarkan: to inform

khatib
khadam preacher in mosque
household servant; subordinate assistant

khatulistiwa
khalayak equator
creature; mankind; God's creations

khayal
khalifah daydream; fantasy; imagination
caliph
berkhayal: to daydream; to fantasise
khayalan: daydream; fantasy; imagination
mengkhayalkan: to fantasise
khalwat
state of an unmarried couple being together in
seclusion
khazanah
treasury

Khamis
Thursday
khemah
camp; tent

khas berkhemah: to camp

special perkhemahan: camping

khasiat khianat
nutrient betrayal; treachery

berkhasiat: nutritious mengkhianat: to betray

mengkhianati: to betray
pengkhianat: traitor
pengkhianatan: betrayal; treachery
khat
hand-writing

khidmat
serve; work
khatam
end; conclude; complete berkhidmat: to serve; to work
perkhidmatan: service

khatan
khilaf
155
 blunder; mistake

kias
khuatir analogy
worried; afraid
mengias: to hint at
mengiaskan: to make an analogy

khunsa
hermaphrodite
kibar
fly (of flag)

khusus berkibar: to fly (a flag)

special; specific; exclusive mengibarkan: to wave or fly (a flag)

mengkhusus: to specialise
mengkhususkan: to make special
pengkhususan: specialisation kibas
fan vigorously; flap

mengibaskan: to fan vigorously; to flap

khusyuk
(1) engrossed (2) humility

kiblat
direction of Mecca
khutbah
sermon

berkhutbah: to deliver a sermon kicap

pengkhutbah: preacher ketchup

kial kicau
struggling; having difficulty chirp

terkial-kial: to struggle; to have difficulty berkicau: to chirp

kicauan: a bird's chirp

kiamat
doomsday; day of judgement kidal
left-handed

kiambang
water-lily kijang
deer

kian
this much kikir
(1) stingy (2) a file (for smoothening things)
sekian: that's all
156
 sharpener; strop

mengilir: to sharpen
kikis
scrape off

mengikis: to scrape off kimia

chemistry

kilan
dissatisfied; discontented kimpal
solid
terkilan: dissatisfied; discontented
kimpalan: welding

kilang
(1) factory (2) gland kincir
water-wheel or wind-mill; spool; reel
mengilang: to manufacture; to produce
perkilangan: manufacturing kincir air: water-wheel
kincir angin: windmill

kilap
lustrous kini
now
kilapan: lustre

kipas
kilat a fan
(1) lightning (2) brightness; shine
mengipas: to fan
berkilat: to shine; to flash
berkilat-kilat: shining; glittering; glossy
mengilatkan: to polish; to make shiny
pengilat: polishing wax kira
(1) calculate; compute; count (2) regard as;
suppose

kilau kira-kira: (1) approximately (2) arithmetic

glossy; sparkling; glittering kiraan: calculation
kiranya: in case; if
berkilau-kilau: to sparkle; to glitter berkira: calculated
kilau-kamilau: glossy mengira: to calculate; to count; to compute
kilauan: gloss; luminosity; sparkle; glitter mengira-ngira: to estimate
pengiraan: act of counting; calculation;
estimation

kili-kili
spool
kirai
shake out; winnow (rice)

kilir
157
kiri
left

kobar
ardent; full of enthusiasm; flare up
kirim
send berkobar: to flare up

berkirim: to send
kiriman: something that is sent; consignment
mengirimkan: to send kocak
pengiriman: shipment; delivery agitate; shake briskly; stir
pengirim: sender
berkocak: agitated; stirred
kocakan: agitation
mengocak-ngocakkan: to agitate
kisah
story

mengisahkan: to narrate kocek

pengisahan: narration pocket

kisar kocok
rotate; revolve to shake; to mix; to incite

berkisar: to revolve; to rotate

mengisarkan: to grind; to grate
pengisaran: rotation; gyration; grinding kodi
a score (twenty)

kismis
raisin kodok
frog

kita
we; us kohong
fetid; stinking

kitab
book kokok
crow

berkokok: to crow
kitar
surrounding

sekitar: surrounding kolah

square stone or cement water tank

kitaran
cycle of events kolam
158
 pond abrupt; sudden; curt

sekonyong-konyong: sudden; abrupt; curt

kole
mug
kopak
dilapidated; in disrepair

kolek kopak-kapik: dilapidated; in disrepair

canoe mengopak: to break open

kolot kopek
old-fashioned; out-of-date peel

mengopek: to peel
terkopek: peeled off
kompang
shallow drum

kopi
coffee
komplot
conspiracy

komplotan: conspiracy kopiah

Malay cap

kongkong
pillory korban
sacrifice

berkorban: to offer as sacrifice

kongsi mengorbankan: to sacrifice
association; partnership terkorban: killed
pengorbanan: a sacrifice
berkongsi: to enter into a partnership
perkongsian: partnership

korek
dig
konon
it is said mengorek: to dig
pengorek: excavator; spade; digger

kontang
dry; parched korok
a burrow

konyong
kosong

159
 empty; vacant

kekosongan: emptiness; vacancy

mengosongkan: to empty; to vacate kuala
estuary; confluence of rivers

kota
fort; city kuali
frying-pan
mengotakan: to fortify

kuap
kotak yawn
box
menguap: to yawn
terkuap-kuap: yawning repeatedly

kotor
dirty
kuasa
kekotoran: dirtiness power; authority; strength
mengotorkan: to dirty
pengotor: a dirty person berkuasa: having the power or authority
kotoran: dirt menguasai: to dominate; to manage
kekuasaan: power

koyak
tear; torn kuat
strong
mengoyakkan: to tear
terkoyak: torn kekuatan: strength; power
menguatkan: to strengthen

ku
I; me (abbreviation of 'aku') kuatkuasa
enforce; authority

berkuatkuasa: to be in effect; to be enforced

kuaci menguatkuasakan: to enforce; to implement;
dried melon seed to impose
penguatkuasa: enforcement officer
penguatkuasaan: enforcement

kuah
gravy
kubah
dome

kuak
croak; bellow
kubang
menguak: to croak: to bellow

160
 mud-hole kuda padi: short-legged horse for riding
memperkuda: to use as a horse; to exploit
berkubang: to wallow

kuda belang
kubis zebra
cabbage

kuda-kuda
kubu trestle; easel
fortress

kudap
kubung snack
lemur
kudapan: snack

kubur
grave kudis
skin sore
menguburkan: to bury (the dead)
perkuburan: graveyard

kudrat
God's might
kucai
chive (vegetable)

kudung
maimed
kucar-kacir
in complete confusion

kudup
bud
kucing
cat

kudus
holy; sacred; blessed
kucup
kiss

mengucup: to kiss kugiran

kucupan: a kiss musical group

kuda kuih
horse cake; cookie

kuda lumba: race-horse

161
kuil mildew
temple

kulat
kuinin fungus; mushroom
quinine

kuli
kuis unskilled labourer
kick aside; shove
berkuli: to work as a labourer
menguiskan: to kick aside; to shove

kuliah
kuit lecture
touch with the fingertips

kulit
kuku skin
nail; claw
menguliti: to peel; to skin

kukuh
strong; firm kulum
suck (keep in the mouth)
mengukuhkan: to strengthen
mengulum: to suck (keep in the mouth)

kukur
grater; scraper kulup
foreskin
mengukur: to grate; to scrape
pengukur: grater; scraper

kumai
moulding
kukus
steam

mengukus: to steam kuman

germ

kulai
droop; dangle kumandang
echo
terkulai: drooping; dangling

kumat-kamit
kulapuk
162
 mumble kuncup
close; contract
terkumat-kamit: mumbling
menguncup: to contract
menguncupkan: to close; to furl
terkuncup: furled
kumbang
beetle

kundang
a page boy
kumis
moustache

kundur
wax-gourd
kumparan
bobbin

kuning
yellow
kumpul
gather; collect; assemble kekuningan: yellowish
menguning: to turn yellow; to ripen
berkumpul: to gather; to assemble
kumpulan: group; collection
mengumpulkan: to collect
pengumpul: collector kunjung
perkumpulan: association; union; assembly visit
sekumpulan: a group
berkunjung: to visit
kunjungan: a visit
mengunjungi: to visit
kumuh pengunjung: visitor; tourist
excrete

kuno
kumur ancient; old-fashioned
gargle

berkumur: to gargle
kuntum
flower bud

kunang-kunang sekuntum: a flower

firefly

kunyah
kunci chew
key; lock
mengunyah: to chew
mengunci: to lock
menguncikan: to lock; to fasten

kunyit
163
 turmeric mengurniakan: to award; to bestow
pengurniaan: bestowal; awarding

kupang
an old type of coin kursus
course (of study)

berkursus: to attend a course

kupas
peel; analyse

mengupas: to peel; to analyse kurun

kupasan: analysis century

kuping kurung
ear; scab confine; imprison

kurungan: (1) prison; cage; coop (2) bracket

(in writing)
kupu-kupu berkurung: confined; imprisoned
butterfly mengurung: to confine; to imprison

kura-kura kurus
tortoise thin; lean

kurus kering: emaciated

kurang
less; insufficient; deficient
kusam
kurang-kurang: less matt or dull (of a surface)
berkurangan: lacking
kekurangan: shortage; lack; deficit
mengurangkan: to reduce
sekurang-kurangnya: at least kusta
leprosy

kurap
ringworm kusut
dishevelled; ruffled; tangled; kinky

kekusutan: confusion; complication

kurma mengusutkan: to entangle; to perplex; to
(1) a date (fruit) (2) a spicy dish confuse

kurnia kutak
bestow; award shake violently

mengurniai: to award; to bestow

164
kutang river turtle
bodice; brassiere

labu
kutip gourd
(1) pick; collect (2) cite; quote

mengutip: (1) to pick; to collect (2) to cite; to

quote labuci
kutipan: citation; quotation sequin; spangle

kutu labuh
louse; flea (1)hanging down; long (of dress) (2)to anchor

kutub labur
pole (of earth's axis or magnet) to invest

kutuk laci
curse; condemn drawer

kutukan: anathema; a curse; condemnation

mengutuk: to curse; to condemn
terkutuk: cursed; damned lacur
indecent; obscene

kuyu
dewy-eyed; sad lada
chillies; pepper

kuyup
drenched ladam
horseshoe
laba
profit

ladang
estate; farm; plantation
labah-labah
spider

laden
to serve; to wait on
labang
hard of hearing

lading
(1)a type of broad and curved chopper (2)a
labi-labi dug-out canoe
165
 lahir
born

lafaz
utterance
laici
lychee

laga
clash; collide; fight
laidaun
blade (e.g. of grass)

lagak
manner; conduct; behaviour; swank
lain
other; different

lagang
to begin weaving
lain-lainnya
etcetera; others

lagi
again; still; and; also; more; additional
lajak
fast; outspoken

lagi-lagi
again and again
laju
fast

lagipun
moreover; besides
lajur
column (e.g. of troops)

lagu
song
lakar
to sketch; to outline

lahad
niche for the corpse in a Muslim grave
lakaran
a sketch

lahap
(1)gluttonous; greedy (2)to eat greedily
laki
husband

lahar
lava
laki-laki

166
 male

lalak
laknat to yell
to damn; to curse; a curse

lalang
lakon long-bladed grass
to act (in a play or film)

lalat
lakonan a fly (insect)
an act; a play; a drama

lali
laksa immune
a preparation of noodles

lalu
laksamana to pass; to make way; to elapse (of time)
admiral

lalu lintas
laksana traffic
to perform; to execute; to accomplish

lalu-lalang
laku passing back and forth
(1)to happen; to occur (2)marketable

laluan
lakur passage
fuse; blend

lalut
lala disjointed (of talk)
a type of sea mollusc

lama
lalah old; a long time
to gobble

lama-lama
lalai finally
careless; negligent; indifferent

167
lama-lamaan lanky; slim
in the long run

lampan
lamar tin mine
to put forward; to propose

lampau
lamaran abysmal; extreme; excessive
proposal; application

lampin
lambai napkin; diaper
to wave

lampir
lambak to affix; to attach; to enclose
disorderly heap

lampiran
lambang attachment; enclosure; appendix
symbol; emblem;

lampu
lambat lamp
slow; late

lampung
lambat-laun float
sooner or later

lamun
lambuk to day-dream
friable

lamunan
lambung a day-dream
(1)to lob; to toss up; to bounce up (2)bulwark

lanar
lamin alluvium
bridal dais

lanau
lampai silt

168
 landasan
rail

lanca
rickshaw
langah
to open widely

lancang
(1)outspoken; cheeky (2)a swift-sailing yacht
langak
to search

lancar
fluent; smooth
langau
bluebottle fly

lancip
tapered
langgai
the shell of leguminous seeds

lancong
to travel or tour
langgan
to subscribe

lancung
phoney; sham; false
langganan
subscription

lancur
to gush out
langgar
to collide

landa
to enter forcefully; to hit; to strike
langit
sky

landai
gently sloping
langit-langit
canopy

landak
porcupine; hedgehog
langkah
a step

landas
base; foundation
langkan

169
 baluster

lantai
langkas floor
fall of the fruit; end of fruit season

lantak
langkau hammer
to skip or omit

lantang
langkup clarion; audible; loud
overturned or upside-down

lantar
langsai to put forward
to settle or clear (of debt)

lantas
langsing forthwith; straight away
slender; slim and graceful

lantik
langsir to appoint
curtain

lantikan
langsuir appointment
a female vampire

lantun
langsung to bounce; to rebound
direct

lantur
lanjur to digress; to deviate
to expand

lanun
lanjut pirate
continuous

lanyak
lanjutan to trample
continuation

170
lap a report
to wipe; to mop

lapuk
lapah mouldy; stale
to skin; to devour

lara
lapan heartache; sorrow
eight

laram
lapang stylish; showy
spacious; roomy; open and wide; free (of time)

larang
lapangan to prohibit; to forbid
(1)field (2)sphere of interest

larangan
lapangan terbang prohibition
airfield

laras
lapar barrel (e.g. of gun)
hungry

larat
lapik able; dragging on
underlayer; lining

lari
lapis to run
layered

larik
lapisan to smoothen with a lathe; to carve
layer; class

laris
lapor in damand; marketable
to report

larut
laporan (1)dissolving; melting (2)late (of night)

171
lasak lau burung
durable aviary

lasam lauk
faded a cooked dish of fish, meat, etc

lastik lauk-pauk
catapult a variety of cooked dishes

lata laung
(1)to creep (2)cascade; waterfall to shout; to call loudly

latah laungan
to say or do something unconsciously out of a shout; a loud cry
shock or fright

laut
latar sea
setting

lautan
latar belakang ocean
background

lawa
latih pretty; elegant
to train; to practise

lawak
latihan comedy
training; practice;

lawan
latihan asas opponent; opposite
basic training

lawan dalam
latuk infighting
a type of large knife curved at the top

172
lawat bee
to visit

lebam
lawatan bruise
a visit

lebar
layak wide; broad
qualified; fit; suitable; eligible; competent

lebarnya
layan width; breadth
to serve (food); to entertain

lebat
layanan dense (of foliage or hair); heavy (of rain)
hospitality; service

lebih
layang-layang more; extra
kite

lebihan
layar excess
to sail; a sail

lebih kurang
layu approximately; more or less
wilted; withered

lebih-lebih lagi
layur especially
to parch

lebuh
lazat avenue
delicious; tasty

lebuhraya
lazim highway
habitual; usual

lebur
lebah molten

173
 legeh
watershed

lecah
muddy; sloppy
legup-legap
sound of heartbeat; throbbing sound

leceh
troublesome; worthless
leher
neck

lecek
mashed
leka
lax; slack; not strict; absorbed; carried away

lecet
footsore
lekah
crack; groove; crevice (e.g. in wood)

lecur
blistered; scalded
lekang
not adhering; cracking (from heat)

ledak
to blow up with explosives
lekap
to cuddle; to sit or lie close to; to stick to

ledakan
explosion; detonation
lekar
stand for cooking pots

lega
relieved (e.g. from pain, anxiety, discomfort)
lekas
quickly; fast

legam
pitch; dark; deep (of colour)
lekat
to adhere; to stick

legap
opaque
lekit
sticky

legar
to revolve
lekuk

174
 hollow; concavity; dent

lelong
lekuk-lekak auction
bumpy

lelopak
lekung chamber holding cartridges (in a gun) or slides
sunken (in a projector)

lelabah leluasa
spider unlimited; uncontrolled; unrestrained

lelah lelucon
(1)tired; exhausted (2)asthma; wheezing humour

lelai leluhur
droop (of branch, coconut leaf, etc) ancestor

lelaki lelurah
male; man gully

lelangit lemah
palate weak; feeble; frail

lelap lemah gemalai

asleep graceful

lelas lemah hati

abrasive soft-hearted

lelasan lemah lembut

abrasion gentle; graceful

leleh lemah semangat

to trickle; to ooze weak-willed

175
lemak lembung
fat; fatty inflatable

lemang lembur
glutinous rice and coconut milk cooked in overtime
bamboo

lembut
lemas soft; gentle
suffocation (in smoke, gas or by drowning)

lempang
lembaga to slap; to smack; to hit
(1)board; governing body (2)embryo; foetus

lempar
lembah to hurl; to fling
valley

lempeng
lembap a kind of cake; pancake
moist; humid; damp

lempuk
lembar a cake made from durian or jackfruit cooked
a strand; numeral coefficient for paper, thread with sugar

lembaran lempung
sheet (of paper) soft and light

lembik lena
flaccid sound asleep

lembing lencana
javelin; spear badge

lembu lencong
cow to divert; to detour; to deviate

176
 lenggok
gait

lencongan
a detour; a diversion; a deviation
lengkap
complete; equipped

lendap
a clot
lengkok
curve; bend; arc

lendir
mucus
lengkuas
a type of root resembling ginger

lendung
to sag
lengkung
curve; arc

lendut
sagging
lengkungan
curvature

lengah
to dilly-dally; to dawdle; to idle
lenguh
to moo

lengan
arm; forearm
lengung
to brood

lengan baju
sleeve
lentam-lentum
loud sound like that of a cannon

lengang
desolate; deserted; uninhabited
lentik
somewhat curved

lengas
moist; humid; clammy
lenting
to rebound; to spring back

lenggang
to swing the arms; to sway the head and body
lentok

177
 to incline the head

lepur
lentuk to die through suffocation in mud
a bend

lerai
lentur to disengage; to break up
flexible; supple

lereng
lenyak a slope
sound asleep

leret
lenyap too long and trailing
to disappear; to vanish

lesap
lepa to disappear; to vanish
plaster; mortar

leset
lepak feeling depressed
(1)very white; fair (2)to sit in a lazy way

lesi
lepas looking drawn and sickly
(1)after; past (2)to free

lesu
lepasan listless; drawn
a graduate or school-leaver

lesung
lepat rice mortar
a type of cake steamed in banana leaves

letak
leper to place; to put; to lay
flat-surfaced

leter
lepuh to nag
blister

178
leteran cunning; crafty; shrewd
chatter

licin
letih smooth
tired; weary

lidah
letup tongue
to explode

lidas
letupan itchy (of tongue) after eating sour fruit
explosion

lidi
letus vein of coconut palm frond
to erupt

ligat
lewat spinning fast
late

lihat
liang to look at
a hole; a burrow

likat
liar thick and sticky
wild; uncivilized

liku
liat meandering or winding course
hard; firm

lilin
libat candle; wax
to involve

lilit
libur to entwine
holiday

lilitan
licik circumference

179
 lincir
smooth (in moving)

lima
five
lindung
to take refuge or shelter

limau
orange; lime; lemon
lindungan
haven; refuge

limau gedang
grapefruit
lingga
colossus

limau nipis
lime
lingkar
a coil

limbang
to pan (in search of gold ore)
lingkaran
a convolution; a coil

limbungan
dockyard
lingkung
to surround; to encircle

limpa
spleen
lingkungan
encirclement; enclosure; sphere

limpah
to overflow
lingkup
cover

limpap
(1)in layers (2)excessive debt
lintah
leech

linang
to flow (for tears or sweat)
lintang
horizontal

lincah
nimble
lintang-pukang

180
 helter-skelter

litar
lintas circuit
to pass by; to cross

litup
lipan covered and concealed
centipede

liuk
lipas to snake; to sway
cockroach

liwat
lipat sodomy
to fold

loba
lipatan grasping; greedy for money or possessions
a fold

lobak
lipit radish
narrow hem

lobak merah
lipur carrot
to comfort; to console

loceng
liput bell
to cover; to comprise

lodak
liputan sediment
coverage; inclusion

lodeh
lisan mixed vegetables cooked to pulp
oral; verbal

logam
lisut metal
shrunken; soft

181
logamaya a jump; a leap
mirage

lompat bergalah
loghat pole vault
dialect; slang

lompat jauh
lohong long jump
hole

lompat kijang
loji triple jump; hop, step and jump
industrial plant; factory; industrial site

lompat tinggi
lok high jump
curve of a kris

loncat
lokek to hop
mean; miserly; stingy

loncatan
lolong a hop
a loud cry; a howl

londeh
lombong to slip off or drop (as for sarong)
mine for extracting metal, coal, etc

long
lombong bijih a bottomless coffin
tin mine

longgar
lompang loose; diffuse
vacant; empty; a vacuole; an air pocket

longgok
lompat a heap or mass; a pile
to jump; to leap

longgokan
lompatan a heap

182
 lori
truck; lorry

longkah
easily peeled off (e.g. flesh from the seed)
lorong
lane; path

longkang
drain
loteng
attic

longlai
swaying of body; weak
lotong
black long-tailed monkey

lonjak
to gambol; to jump about playfully
loya
nausea

lonjakan
gamboling movement
loyang
brass

lonjong
oval; ovoid
luah
to eject; to spit out

lontar
to throw; to hurl
luak
decreased in quantity

lontong
a type of Malay food made of rice and gravy
luang
free

lopak
puddle
luap
to boil over

lopong
agape; empty
luar
outside

lorek
stripe; band
luaran

183
 exterior

lucu
luar bandar funny; comical
rural

lucut
luar batas denude
off limit

ludah
luar biasa saliva
extraordinary

luhur
luar dalam majestic; noble
inside out

luka
luar negara wound; injury
overseas; abroad

lukah
luar nikah fish trap
out of wedlock

lukis
luas to draw
wide; broad

lukisan
luat drawing
to feel nauseated; to feel disgusted; to despise

luluh
lubang crushed to powder
hole

lulur
lubuk to gulp
gulf; deep part of a river

lulus
lucah to pass
obscene; lewd

184
lumang moss; lichen
to smear

lunak
lumas mellow; soft
to paint

lunas
lumat (1)main point; source (2)keel
fine (powdery)

luncur
lumayan to glide
handsome (of amount); sufficient

lundi
lumba grub
to race

lungkup
lumba-lumba upside down
dolphin

lungsur
lumpuh to slide down
paralysis; paralytic

lunjur
lumpur to stretch out the legs
mud

luntur
lumrah to discolour or fade
normal

lupa
lumur to forget
to smear with fat during cooking

luput
lumuran expiry; termination of validity
a smear

lurah
lumut valley; groove

185
 forgiveness

luru
to dash maafkan saya
excuse me; forgive me

luruh
to drop mabuk
drunk

lurus
(1)straight (2)frank; honest mabuk asmara
love sick

lurut
to rub; to smoothen with fingers mabuk laut
seasick

lusa
day after tomorrow Mac
March

lusuh
worn out; faded macam
like; kind; sort; type

lut
penetrative macang
horse-mango

lutcahaya
translucent madah
eulogy

lutsinar
transparent madat
opium

lutut
knee madrasah
Islamic school

luyu
sleepy madu
(1)honey (2)woman sharing the same husband
maaf
186
 mahir
skilful

maghrib
sunset
mahkamah
court of law

maging
carnivorous
mahkota
royal crown

maha
great
mahligai
palace

mahaguru
great teacher; professor
mahsul
products of a country

maha kuasa
almighty
mahu
to want; to desire

mahal
expensive
mahupun
(1)although (2)either/or

mahar
dowry
main
to play

maharaja
emperor
mainan
toy; act of playing

maharani
empress; queen
majal
blunt (of knife)

mahasiswa
university student
majalah
magazine

maharajalela
to rampage
majikan

187
 employer

makbul
majlis fulfilled; answered (of prayers)
council; meeting; assembly

makhluk
majmuk a creature
compound; complex

maki
maju to abuse
developed

makian
mak a curse; act of hurling abuse
mother

makin
mak angkat increasingly
adopted mother

maklum
makcik to know
auntie

maklumat
mak tiri information
stepmother

makmal
maka laboratory
then; therefore; hence; so

makmur
makam prosperous; to prosper
mausoleum; tomb

makna
makan meaning
to eat

makruf
makanan famous
food

188
maksiat dim
vice; immorality

malapetaka
maksud calamity; disaster
meaning; purpose; intention

malar
maktab constant; continuous
college

malas
maktub lazy
recorded in writing

malik
malah lord
on the contrary; in fact; but

malim
malahan expert
on the contrary; in fact; but

malu
malaikat shy; ashamed; embarrassed
angel

malung
malam large sea eel
night

mamah
malam minggu to munch; to chew
Saturday night

mamak
malang maternal uncle
unfortunate; unlucky

mambang
malangnya ghost; spirit
unfortunately

mampat
malap compress

189
 manfaat
benefit

mampu
able to; capable
mangga
(1)mango (2)padlock

mampus
to die (unrefined expression)
manggar
base of coconut palm frond

mana
where
manggis
mangosteen

mana satu
which one
mangkat
to die (of royalty)

mana-mana
anywhere; wherever
mangkin
catalyst

mancis
matches
mangku
acting (of official post)

mancung
high and sharp
mangkuk
bowl

mancur
to spout; to squirt
mangsa
victim; prey; casualty

mandi
to bathe
mangu
amazed; perplexed; bewildered

mandul
barren or sterile (of female)
mani
semen

mandur
head of the labourers
manik

190
 bead

marah
manikam angry
gem

marak
manis to flare up
sweet

mari
manisan to come
sweet dish

Marikh
manja Mars
pampered; indulgent

markah
manjur mark
potent; effective

markas
mansit headquarters
cuff (of sleeve)

marmar
mansuh marble
to vanish; to disappear; to annul; to abolish

marmut
mantap marmot; guinea-pig
established

martabak
mantera a kind of bread with meat fillings
magical charm or spell; incantation

martabat
manusia prestige
human being

maruah
mara pride; self-respect
to advance

191
masa each and everyone
time; period; era

masjid
masa depan mosque
future

mastautin
masa lalu to reside
past

masuk
masa silam to enter
past

masuk campur
masak interfere
(1)to cook (2)ripe

masyarakat
masakan society; organized community
(1)cookery (2)how could it be

masyghul
masalah depressed; sad
problem

masyhur
masam famous
sour

mata
maserba eye
omnivore

mata air
masih spring (water)
still

mata hitam
masin iris
salty

mata wang
masing-masing currency

192
 mawar
rose

matahari
sun
maya
illusion; delusion

mata-mata
policeman
mayam
unit of weight for gold

matang
mature
mayang
palm-blossom

matarah
beacon
mayat
corpse

mati
to die
mazhab
religious sect or school of thought

mati-matian
with full effort
mazmur
hymn

matlamat
aim; objective; target
medan
field

maujud
existing
medan perang
battlefield

maun
herbivorous
megah
proud; conceited

maung
unpleasant in smell or taste
Mei
May

maut
death
meja

193
 table

memerang
mekar otter; beaver
to blossom or bloom

mempelai
melaka bridegroom; bride
a type of tree with edible fruit

mempelam
melarat mango
destitute; needy

menang
melati to win
jasmine

menantu
Melayu son-in-law; daughter-in-law
Malay

menara
meleset tower; minaret
not precise; not to the point; irrelevant; non-
specific

mendak
sediment
melukut
broken rice grains

mendap
to settle as a sediment
melulu
hasty

mendapan
sedimentation
melur
jasmine

mendiang
the late
memang
of course; naturally

mendung
overcast; cloudy
memar
contusion; bruise
194
mengah merah
breathless; dyspneic red

mengkal merah jambu

half-ripe pink

mentadak merah lembayung

praying mantis magenta

mentah merah manggis

(1)raw; uncooked; unprocessed (2)immature; maroon
inexperienced

merak
mentang-mentang peacock or peahen
just because

merana
mentega to languish; to live miserably or in ill-health
butter

merbah
menteri thrush
minister

merbuk
mentimun turtle dove
cucumber

mercu
mentua peak; summit; climax
father or mother-in-law

mercun
mentul fire-crackers
bulb

merdeka
menung independent; free
to ponder; to contemplate

merdu
melodious
195
 mesti
must

mereka
they; them; their
mestika
jewel; bezoar

mergastua
wild animals of the forest
mesyuarat
meeting

meriah
hilarious; joyful; happy
meterai
official seal

meriam
cannon
mewah
luxurious

merinyu
inspector or supervisor
mi
noodles

merosot
in deteriorated condition
miang
itchy

merpati
dove; pigeon
milik
to own; to possess

mersik
shrill; piercing (of sound)
mimbar
rostrum; pulpit

Mesir
of Egypt
mimpi
dream

meskipun
although; in spite of
minat
interest; enthusiasm; liking

mesra
amicable; hospitable; friendly; close
minggu

196
 week

misai
mingguan moustache
weekly

misal
minta example
to ask; to beg; to request

miskin
minum poor
to drink

modal
minuman capital
a drink

moga-moga
minuman keras may it be
liquor; alcoholic drink

mogok
minuman ringan a strike
soft drink

mogok lapar
minyak hunger strike
oil; fat; petroleum

mohon
minyak sapi to apply
ghee

mohor
minyak tanah official seal
kerosene

molek
miring pretty; attractive; lovely
oblique; slanting; to tilt

momok
mirip ghost; evil spirit; something causing fear
to resemble

197
mongel having sufficient capacity
beautiful; attractive

muatan
montel cargo; load
plump and healthy

muazam
montok majesty
chubby; plump

muazin
monyet summoner to prayer
monkey

mubaligh
moyang preacher; missionary
great-grandparent

muda
mu young; not ripe
you; abbreviation of `kamu'

mudah
muafakat easy; convenient
agreement

mudah-mudahan
muak hopefully; perhaps
nauseated; sated

mudarat
mual harmful; detrimental
nausea

mudik
mualim to go upstream
religious teacher

muflis
muara bankrupt
estuary

mufti
muat Muslim religious expert

198
 mukah
fornication

Muharam
first month of Muslim calendar
mukim
district

muhibah
goodwill
mukjizat
miracle

mujarab
efficacious; effective (of medicine)
muktamad
definitive; final

mujur
luckily; fortunately
muktamar
conference; congress

muka
face
mula
beginning; to begin

muka depan
front page
mulai
to start

muka-muka
insincere
mula-mula
at first; first of all

muka pintu
doorway
mulas
colic

muka selamba
poker face
mulia
noble; distinguished; honourable; respectable

muka surat
page
mulur
ductile

muka tebal
thick-skinned
mulut

199
 mouth

mungkin
mulut manis possible; maybe; perhaps
sweet-tongued

mungkir
mulut murai to breach or default
chatterbox

munsyi
mumbang language teacher
green unripe coconut

muntah
munafik to vomit
hypocrite

murah
munasabah cheap
credible; reasonable; suitable

murah hati
muncul generous
to emerge; to appear

murai
muncung magpie
muzzle; snout; beak; spout

muram
mundar-mandir gloomy; dismal; glum
walk to and fro

murid
mundur pupil; student
to retreat; to recede; backward or
underdeveloped

murka
wrathful; angry
mungil
small and cute

murni
clean; pure; genuine
mungkar
to disobey; to deny; sinful
200
murtad mustajab
apostate effective (of medicine)

murung musuh
depressed enemy; foe

musafir Musytari
traveller Jupiter

musang mutakhir
civet-cat modern; the latest

musim mutiara
season pearl

muslihat mutlak
trick; stratagem absolute; complete; categorical

Muslim mutu
one who believes and follows the teachings of quality
Islam

muzakarah
Muslimat discussion
Muslim women
nabi
prophet

musnah
to destroy; destructible
nada
tone; intonation

mustahak
important
nadi
pulse

mustahil
impossible; incredible
nafas
breath

201
 bernafas: to breathe
pernafasan: respiration

nak
want
nafi
deny

menafikan: to deny nakal

penafian: denial naughty

kenakalan: naughtiness

nafkah
maintenance; livelihood; subsistence; alimony
nakhoda
captain

nafsu
lust; intense desire
naluri
instinct

naga
dragon
nama
(1) name (2) reputation

nahas nama samaran: pseudonym

mishap; misfortune; disaster nama timang-timangan: nickname
bernama: named
menamai: to name
menamakan: to name
nahu kenamaan: respectable; noble
grammar penama: person who nominates
ternama: famous
namaan: nominal; in name only

naib
deputy
nampak
catch sight of; see

naik nampaknya: it seems; apparently

ascend; rise; climb; ride menampakkan: to display
ternampak: visible; seen
naik angin: bad mood
naik darah: bad temper
naik gila: driven mad
kenaikan: an increase; a rise namun
menaiki: to climb on; to ride on or in yet; still
menaikkan: to raise

nanah
najis pus
excrement; faeces; filth
202
nanas natijah
pineapple result; consequence; conclusion

nangka naung
jackfruit aegis; patronage

naungan: protection; shade; shelter; patronage

bernaung: sheltered; shaded
nanti menaungi: to shelter; to shade; to protect
wait; later penaung: patron; guardian; protector

menanti: to wait for

menantikan: to wait for
penantian: a state of waiting nazak
ternanti-nanti: keep waiting with hope moribund

nasab nazar
lineage of ancestors or descendants vow

menazarkan: to vow
bernazar: to vow
nasi
cooked rice

nazir
school inspector
nasib
chance; luck; fate; destiny

bernasib baik: lucky negara

country; kingdom

negarawan: statesman
nasihat memiliknegarakan: nationalise
advice pemiliknegaraan: nationalisation

menasihati: to advise
menasihatkan: to advise
penasihat: adviser negeri
country; state

kenegerian: state consciousness

naskhah
copy (of a book, etc); manuscript

nekad
determined
Nasrani
Christian; Eurasian

203
nelayan gnawing pain
fisherman

nguak
nenek bray like a donkey
grandmother

nenenda: grandmother (usually in letter-

writing) niaga
trade

berniaga: to trade
neraca memperniagakan: to trade; to barter
a kind of weighing apparatus with hanging pans peniaga: trader
perniagaan: a business or trade

neraka
hell niat
intention; wish

berniat: to have an intention

nescaya terniat: intended
certainly

nikah
nganga marriage
open the mouth wide
bernikah: married
menganga: to open the mouth wide menikahi: to marry
mengangakan: to open the mouth wide menikahkan: to give in marriage
ternganga: wide open pernikahan: marriage; wedding

ngeri nikmat
appalling; eerie; horrifying; terrible enjoyment; pleasure; bliss

mengerikan: frightening; terrifying kenikmatan: pleasure; enjoyment; comfort;

delight
menikmati: to enjoy

ngiang
buzzing sound (in the mind)
nila
blue dye; indigo

ngiau
mew (of a cat)
nilai
mengiau: to mew (of a cat) value

bernilai: valued; worth

menilaikan: to evaluate or assess
ngilu penilaian: assessment; evaluation
204
 menodai: to stain; to disgrace
ternoda: stained

nilam
sapphire
noktah
full stop

nipah
a type of palm
nombor
number

nipis nombor ganjil: odd number

thin nombor genap: even number
bernombor: numbered

nirinsani
dehumanize nona
miss; maam

buah nona: sweet-sop

nirwana
state of perfect bliss

nota
note
nisan
gravestone

November
November
nisbah
ratio

nujum
prophet; fortune-teller
niskala
having no material or physical substance;
abstract
nusa
motherland; fatherland

nista
insult; abuse
Nusantara
Malay archipelago

nobat
Malay royal band
nya
his; her; its

noda
spot of dirt; stain
nyah
205
 go away!; get away! nyaring
piercing and shrill (of sound)

nyahcas
release the electric charge of nyaris
almost; nearly

nyahjangkit
disinfect nyata
apparent; evident; clear; concrete

kenyataan: notice; statement

nyahpecutan menyatakan: to state
deceleration penyata: statement; report
pernyataan: explanation; statement;
announcement
ternyata: obvious; clear; defined
nyala
flame

bernyala: ignited nyawa

menyala: to flare up; to ignite life
menyalakan: to kindle
nyalaan: ignition bernyawa: alive; living; animate
persenyawaan: fertilisation

nyaman
fresh; pleasant (of atmosphere, food) nyenyak
sound asleep
menyamankan: to refresh; to enliven
penyaman udara: air-conditioner

nyiru
triangular tray made from bamboo
nyamuk
mosquito

nyiur
coconut
nyanyi
singing

nyanyian: singing nyonya

bernyanyi: to sing term used for married Chinese lady
menyanyi: to sing
menyanyikan: to sing for
penyanyi: singer
nyunyut
suck

nyanyuk obor
dotage; senility with feeble mind torch

206
oceh by; because of
talk rapidly; jabber; chatter
beroleh: to get; to obtain
mengoceh: to chatter memperoleh: to obtain; to acquire; to achieve
ocehan: jabbering talk perolehan: earnings; gains

ogah oleng
hookah sway; rock

Ogos olok-olok
August jest; joke; make fun

oh ombak
exclamation of delight, pain or emphasis wave

berombak: wavy

oi
a shout for attention
omel
grouse; grumble

Oktober mengomel: to grumble

October

omong
olah chatter; empty talk
attitude; manner

olah-olah: playfully
seolah-olah: as if; as though onar
memperolahkan: to make fun of; to play a joke commotion; uproar
on

onde-onde
olahraga sweet dumpling of flour and coconut
athletic (adj.); athletics (noun)

olahragawan: male athlete

olahragawati: female athlete ongkos
cost; expenditure

mengongkosi: to pay the expenditure; to

olakan finance
convection; eddy

ooh
oleh exclamation of surprise, pleasure or pain
207
 at; on; in; to; according to

opah
grandmother padah
omen; warning

orang
person or people padam
to extinguish; to put off; to switch off; to rub
orang rumah: wife off
orang-orangan: puppet; scarecrow
keseorangan: lonely; alone
perseorangan: individual
seorangan: alone padan
seseorang: somebody matched; fitting; suited

oren padanan
orange suitability;

otak padang
brain; mind field

otak udang: stupid

berotak: brainy; clever
padang pasir
desert

otot
muscle
padat
pacak compact; packed; dense
to erect a pointed pole in the ground

paderi
pacal priest
I; me (when addressing royalty)

padi
pacat rice-plant; rice-grain with its husk
land (or jungle) leech

padu
pacul (1)solid (2)united
(1)hoe (2)to appear suddenly

paduka
pada excellency; majesty
208
 pak
father; uncle

pagar
fence
pakcik
uncle

pagi
morning
pakai
to wear; to use

pagi-pagi
early in the morning
pakaian
clothes

pagut
to peck (of bird)
pakaian seragam
uniform

paha
thigh
pakal
to caulk

pahala
reward; merit
pakar
expert; specialist

pahat
chisel
pakar runding
consultant

pahit
bitter
pakat
to agree; to conspire

pahlawan
hero; warrior
pakatan
pact; agreement; treaty; conspiracy

pajak
lease
pakis
fern

pajak gadai
pawnshop
paksa

209
 to force; to compel

palung
paksaan pool; trough
compulsion

palut
paksi wrapping; covering
axis

pamah
paku lowlands
nail; ferns

paman
pala uncle
nutmeg

pamer
palam to exhibit
(1)grout (2)plug

pameran
palang exhibition
crossbar

pampang
paling to spread out; to stretch out
(1)the most; extremely (2)to turn away

pampas
palit compensation
to smear; to smudge

pampasan
palsu compensation
false

panah
palu bow (for shooting arrows)
to hit; to beat

panahan
paluan archery
a knock; a blow

210
panas fishing hook; to fish
hot; feverish

pancit
panas terik a puncture
very hot; blistering; scorching

pancung
panas-panas to behead
hot

pancungan
panau decapitation
pityriasis versicolor (a type of skin disease)

pancur
panca to spurt out; to spout; to flow
five

pancut
pancalogam to gush out; to spurt
an alloy of five metals

pancutan
pancaindera a spurt; an ejection
the five senses

pandai
pancang clever; intelligent
pole or stake driven into the ground

pandang
pancar to look; to consider
to gush out; to radiate; to broadcast; to emit

pandangan
pancaran opinion; view
spout; broadcast; emission; beam or ray

pandang-memandang
pancaragam to exchange looks or glances
band or orchestra

pandir
pancing stupid

211
 pangkas
to clip or cut

pandu
to guide; to drive; to pilot
pangkat
rank

panduan
guidance; directory
pangkin
bunk

pandu puteri
girl guide
pangku
(1)to take on one's lap (2)to hold office in an
acting capacity
panggang
to roast; to toast; roasted

pangkuan
the lap
panggil
to call

panglima
warrior; commander
panggilan
a call; a summon; name or title

pangsa
compartment; section (of fruit)
panggung
theatre; stage

pangsapuri
apartment
panggung wayang
cinema

panitia
commission; committee
pangkah
a cross; to put a cross

panjang
long
pangkal
beginning; base

panjang akal
resourceful; intelligent
pangkalan
base; jetty

212
panjangnya
length

papa kedana
destitute
panjat
to climb

papah
supported; to support
panji-panji
bunting; streamer

papan
plank
pantai
beach; coast

papan catur
chess-board
pantang
prohibition; abstinence; to abstain

papan hitam
blackboard
pantang larang
prohibition; taboo

papan iklan
billboard
pantas
fast; quick; swift

papan kenyataan
notice-board
pantat
posterior or bottom; external genitalia

papar
flat
pantul
to bounce back; to bound; to spring

papas
(1)to take off; to strip off (2)to counteract
pantulan
reflex; rebound

para
prefix denoting large numbers or large amount
pantun
quatrain

para-para
rack; shelf
papa
very poor
213
parah (1)pair; set (2)to install; to affix; to fasten (3)to
serious; critical (of illness or injury) rise (of tide)

parang pasangan
chopping-knife couple

paras pasang badan

face; level to dress up

parau pasang telinga

hoarse (of voice) to eavesdrop

pari pasar
ray; skate market

pari-pari pasar borong

fairy wholesale market

parit pasar gelap

ditch; drain black market

paru-paru pasar malam

lung night market

paruh pasaraya
(1)bill; beak (2)half supermarket

parut pasir
(1)scar (2)to grate or scrape sand

pasak pasti
pin; peg; wedge definite; certain; sure

pasang pasu
flower-pot; vase
214
pasu-pasu patung-patung
cheek bones dragon-fly

pasukan patut
team; unit of troops fair; reasonable; right and proper; appropriate

pasung paus
pillory; handcuffs whale

patah paut
(1)broken (of long objects); fracture (2)numeral to hold on tightly; to cling on
coefficient for words

pawagam
patah hati cinema; theatre
broken-hearted

pawah
pateri sharing of profits between tenant and landlord
solder

pawang
pati Malay witch doctor
essence; extract

paya
patik swamp
I; me (used when talking to royal person)

paya bakau
patuh mangrove swamp
obedient

payah
patuk difficult
to peck; to bite (of snake)

payau
patung brackish
statue; dummy; doll; idol

215
payung to bother about; to mind; to care
umbrella

pegaga
pecah a kind of creeping plant
to break

pegang
pecahan to hold; to control
fraction

pegangan
pecat a hold; something that is held
to dismiss

pegawai
pecut officer
to accelerate

peguam
pedang lawyer
sword

peguambela
pedap advocate; barrister
to imbibe or absorb

peguamcara
pedas solicitor
hot (of chillies and curry); caustic

pegun
pedati (1)petrified (2)silent in meditation
caravan; cart; carriage

pejal
pedih solid; firm
smarting; sorrowful

pejalwapan
pedoman condensation
compass; guide

pejam
peduli to close or shut (of eyes)

216
 pelanduk
mouse-deer

peka
sensitive
pelangi
rainbow

pekak
deaf
pelantar
long bench; landing on stairs

pekan
town; marketplace
pelanting
to scatter

pekap
to cover (mouth or ears) with the hand
pelat
faulty pronunciation; dialect; accent

pekasam
fish or meat pickled in brine
pelawa
to invite

pekat
thick or concentrated (of liquid)
pelawaan
invitation

pekerti
character; disposition
pelbagai
assorted; variety

pekik
to scream
pelecok
to sprain

pelamin
bridal dais
pelekat
gum; glue

pelampung
float; buoy
pelepah
rib of palm leaf; rib of feather; frond of palm
tree
pelana
saddle

217
pelesir
to gallivant

pena
pen (writing device)
pelihara
to rear; to take care of

penat
tired
peliharaan
that which is being reared

penawar
antidote
pelik
strange; queer

pencak
self-defence; to parry
pelita
lamp

pencil
to isolate
pelopor
pioneer

pendam
to hide or conceal (of feelings, emotions,
pelosok secrets)
corner; nook (of country)

pendaman
peluang something that is concealed
chance; opportunity

pendek
peluh short
sweat; perspiration

pendekar
peluk warrior; expert in Malay art of self-defence
to embrace; to hug

pendita
pelukan great scholar
a hug

pengantin
peluru bride; bridegroom
bullet
218
pengaruh penting
influence; authority important

penggal penuh
(1)term (2)paragraph; chapter; volume (3)to full
behead

penyek
penggawa flattened
village headman

penyu
penghulu turtle
village headman

pepatah
pengsan saying; maxim; proverb
unconscious; to faint

perabot
pening furniture
dizzy; giddy; feeling confused

perah
pening-pening lalat to wring; to squeeze
slightly dizzy

perahan
peniti juice; that which has been squeezed out
safety pin

perahu
penjara boat
jail; prison

perajurit
penjuru soldier
corner; angle

perak
pentas silver
stage

219
peraka peras
a ship's hold to extort; to extract

peram perasan
to keep fruit till ripe aware of; conscious of

peran perawan
clown; jester maiden; virgin girl

peranan perca
role remnants of cloth

Perancis percaya
French to believe

perang percik
(1)war (2)brown to sprinkle

peperangan percuma
war (1)free of charge (2)in vain (of time or effort)

perangai perdana
behaviour; character; nature; disposition premier; principal; prime

perangkap perdu
trap base of tree trunk

peranjat perempuan
startled; shocked; surprised female; woman; girl

perap perencah
(1)to flap (wings) (2)to lock oneself up in the something used to add taste to a dish
house

perenggan
(1)boundary (2)paragraph
220
 periksa
to examine; to check; to investigate

pergi
to go
perinci
to describe in great detail

peri
nature; manner (of feelings, situations)
peringkat
grade; stage

peri-peri
fairy
perintah
command; order

peria
bitter gourd
perisai
a shield

peribadi
private; personal
peristiwa
incident; event; happening

peribahasa
proverb
perit
painful

peribumi
native
periuk
cooking pot

perigi
well
perkakas
instrument; tool; apparatus; equipment

perigi buta
disused well
perkara
matter

perihal
matters; situation
perkasa
strong; brave; powerful

perikemanusiaan
humanity; compassion
perkosa

221
 (1)brave; strong (2)to force; to rape

perosok
perkosaan to sink or slip into
the act of forcing or raping

persegi
perlahan square
slow

pertama
perli first
to tease

perut
perlu stomach
necessary: must

perwira
permai hero; warrior
beautiful; magnificent; wonderful

pesan
permaidani message; order
carpet

pesanan
permaisuri message; order
queen

pesat
permata quick; rapid (of development)
jewel

pesawat
pernah machine
to (ever) have

pesisir
peroi beach; shore
friable

pesona
peronyok a spell or charm
to crumple (of paper)

222
pesong refrigerator
to change direction or course

peti surat
pesta post-box
festival

petik
pesuruhjaya (1)to pluck (2)to quote
commissioner

petikan
peta quotation
map

petola
petah loofah
eloquent; fluent

petir
petai thunder
stinking edible green pod

petua
petak advice; ruling
compartment; section

piagam
petala charter; constitution
layer; stratum; storey

piala
petaling cup
small hardwood tree

piat
petang to twist
afternoon; evening

piatu
peti orphan
box; casket; case

piawai
peti sejuk correct; precise; accurate; exact; standard

223
picagari pilihan
syringe choice; selection

picing pilihanraya
to blink; to wink; to close the eyes general election

picit pilu
to press; to squeeze; to pinch sad; sorrowful; mournful

pidato pimpin
speech; lecture; talk to lead; to guide

pihak pimpinan
side; party leadership

pijak pinang
to step on (1)areca-nut (2)to propose (for marriage)

pijat pinar
bed-bug glowing; shimmering

pikat pincang
to trap; to tempt; to attract (1)lame (2)unbalanced (of music)

pikul pinda
(1)a unit of weight (=133lbs.) (2)to carry on the to alter; to amend; to correct
shoulder

pindaan
pilin amendment
to twist or wind

pindah
pilih to move or shift from one place to another
to choose; to select; to elect

224
pindah milik coast
transfer of ownership

pinggul
pindah tangan buttocks; hip
change of hands

pinjam
pindahan to borrow
a transfer

pinjaman
pinga loan
astounded; stunned

pinta
pingat to ask for; to request
medal

pintal
pinggan to twist; to spin
plate; dish

pintar
pinggan mangkuk cunning; sharp-witted; smart; clever
crockery

pintas
pinggang to cut short; to intercept or interrupt; to cut
waist across

pinggir pintasan
edge short-cut

pinggir jalan pintu

roadside door

pinggir kota pipi

suburbs cheek

pinggir laut pipih

thin and flat
225
 pohon
(1)tree (2)to apply; to beg; to request

pipis
to mash or grind
pokok
(1)tree (2)principle; capital

pipit
sparrow
pondan
transvestite

piring
saucer
pondok
hut; booth; shed

piring hitam
gramophone record
ponteng
(1)to play truant (2)to cheat; to swindle

pisah
to be separated
pontianak
female vampire

pisang
banana
porak-peranda
chaotic; in disorder

pisau
knife
potong
a piece; a slice; to cut

pita
ribbon; tape
potongan
the cut (of clothes)

pitam
dizziness
prakata
foreword

piutang
credit; monies receivable
pramugara
air-steward

plumbum
lead (metal)
pramugari

226
 air-stewardess

puding
prasangka an ornamental shrub
prejudice; suspicion

puisi
prasejarah poetry
prehistorical

puja
prestasi to worship; to adore
performance

pujangga
puak author; literary person
group; tribe

puji
puaka to praise
evil spirit

pujian
puan a compliment or praise
(1)lady; Mrs (2)plate for betel-leaf

pujuk
puas to coax;to persuade; to entice
satisfied; contented

pujukan
puasa persuasion; enticement
fast

pukal
pucat lump; block
pale

pukang
pucuk crotch
(1)a shoot or sprout (2)numeral coefficient for
letter or gun

pukat
dragnet (for fishing)
pudar
dim (of light); faded
227
pukau pun
charm used (by burglars) to make people fall also
asleep

punah
pukul to destroy
(1)to beat or hit (2)hour

punai
pula pigeon; dove
again; also; yet; too

punat
pulang (1)button (2)core of a boil
to go back; to return

punca
pulangan source; origin
the act of returning

puncak
pulang kerahmatullah peak; summit; acme
to die

pundi-pundi
pulas purse
to twist; to wring

pundi-pundi kencing
pulau urinary bladder
(1)island (2)to boycott

punggah
pulih to unload
to recover; to restore

pungguk
puluh Malayan hawk owl
ten

punggung
pulut buttocks; back; hips
glutinous rice

pungut
to pick; to collect; to harvest
228
 purdah
veil

pungutan
collection
puri
castle; palace; city

puntal
coiled; wound up
purnama
full moon

puntung
butt (e.g. of cigarette); stump
pusaka
heirloom; heritage

punya
to have; to possess; to own
pusar
to revolve

pupu
degree of kinship
pusaran
rotation

pupuk
to manure; to nurture
pusara
cemetary; graveyard

pupus
extinct
pusat
centre; navel

pura-pura
pretending
pusing
to rotate; to revolve

purata
average
pusingan
rotation; a round

purba
ancient
puspa
flower

purbakala
ancient times
pustaka

229
 book

puyu
pustakawan whirlwind
librarian

puyuh
putar quail
to rotate
qada
an action performed as a replacement

putaran
rotation
qari
a male Koran reader

putera
prince
qariah
a female Koran reader

puteri
princess
Quran
Koran (sacred book of Muslims)

putih
white; fair raba
to grope; to touch; to fondle

putih kuning
cream-coloured rabak
large tear; ragged; tattered

putik
newly-formed fruit; pistil Rabiulakhir
fourth month of the Muslim calendar

puting
nipple; teat Rabiulawal
third month of the Muslim calendar

puting beliung
whirlwind; tornado rabik
torn; tattered; ripped

putus
to break off; to finish rabit
torn at the edge
230
 radas
apparatus

Rabu
Wednesday
raden
title of Javanese nobility

rabuk
tinder
raga
(1) basket (2) a kind of rattan ball (3) to show
off
rabun
poor eyesight

ragam
(1) manner; way (2) bad behaviour (3) melody;
rabun dekat tune (4) united; faithful
long-sightedness

ragi
rabun jauh yeast
short-sightedness

ragu-ragu
rabung doubtful; dubious; suspicious
ridge of a roof

ragum
racik pincer; clamp
cut into thin slices

ragut
racikan to grab; to snatch
finely cut slices

rahang
racun jaw
poison

rahim
radak (1) womb (2) merciful (of God)
to stab

rahmat
radang blessing; mercy (bestowed by God)
angry

231
rahmati to sulk; to bicker
blessed

rakam
rahsia to record
secret

rakaman
rai a recording
to entertain; to celebrate

rakan
raih friend; companion; comrade
to buy up for resale

rakit
raja raft
king

raksa
Raja Muda mercury
crown prince

raksasa
raja sehari giant;demon
bridegroom

rakus
rajah greedy
diagram; chart

rakyat
rajau people; public; citizen
unripe rice-stalks left at reaping

ralat
rajawali mistake; error
sparrow-hawk

rama-rama
rajin butterfly
hardworking; industrious; diligent

Ramadan
rajuk ninth month of the Muslim calendar (the fasting
month)
232
 rampas
to confiscate; to seize; to capture; to hijack

ramah
friendly; cordial; amiable
ramping
slim; slender (of waist)

ramai
many (of people)
rampok
to burgle

ramal
to predict; to forecast
ramu
to collect all sorts of material

ramalan
prediction
ramuan
ingredients

ramas
to knead
ranap
to flatten out; to level to the ground

rambang
random; uncertain (of feelings, aim, etc.)
rancak
lively

rambang mata
flirtatious; having a roving eye
rancang
to plan; to prepare

rambu-rambu
fringes; tassels
rancangan
a plan

rambut
hair
randuk
to wade

rami
jute; hemp
rang
(1) a draft; a sketch (2) fallow (of land)

rampai
mixed; various
rang undang-undang

233
 bill (in Parliament)

rantai
rangka chain; series; sequence
skeleton; outline

rantai leher
rangkai necklace
(1) a bunch; a bundle; a cluster (2) a unit of
length

rantai tangan
bracelet
rangkak
to crawl

rantaian
connected series or sequence
rangkap
link lines of a verse; two-fold

rantau
bay; creek; region; colony
rangking
a type of large basket with lid

ranting
twig
rangkul
to embrace

ranum
over-ripe (of fruit)
rangkum
to embrace; to cuddle; to enclose; to include

rapat
close; intimate; compact
rangsang
stimulus

rapi
neat; orderly
rangup
brittle; crisp

rapuh
fragile; brittle; friable
ranjang
iron bed-stead

rasa
(1) feeling; emotion (2) taste (3) opinion
ranjau
mantrap; booby-trap
234
rasi to wail or moan aloud
compatible; suitable

raungan
rasmi loud weeping or wailing
official; formal

raup
rasuah two handfuls; to scoop up with both hands
bribe

raut
rasuk to pare
possessed (by evil spirits); obsessed

rawak
rasul at random
messenger of God; prophet

rawan
rata (1) anxious (2) numeral coefficient for articles
flat; level; even made of cord

ratap rawat
to grieve; to wail to nurse

ratapan rawatan
grief treatment; medical care

ratna raya
jewel large; main; principle; great

ratu rayap
queen to creep; to crawl

ratus rayau
hundred to roam; to wander

raung rayu
to appeal; to plead; to request
235
rayuan redah
an appeal; a plea to take a direct way through (e.g. a forest,
desert, flood, etc.)

rebah
to collapse redaksi
editorial

rebak
to spread (for fire, news, epidemic) redup
obscured; clouded; gloomy

reban
a fowl's pen regang
taut; tight; stretched

rebas
drizzle regu
team; gang; group; pair

rebung
bamboo shoot rehat
rest

rebus
boiled reja
scraps; leftovers

rebut
to snatch; to seize; to grab; to scramble for Rejab
something the seventh month of the Muslim calendar

recih rejam
remnants; small change to stone to death

recik reka
to sprinkle to invent; to create; to design; to compose

reda reka bentuk

(1) to decrease in intensity; to subside (2) the design
willing; consenting
236
 rembesan
secretion

rekaan
invention
remeh-temeh
unimportant; trivial; petty

rekah
to split or crack
rempah
spices

rekahan
a split, fissure or crack
rempak
(1) chipped (2) united

rekat
to glue together
rempang-lempung
injured; tattered

rela
willing
rempuh
to storm at; to stampede

relau
furnace
rempuhan
a stampede

remah
crumb
remuk
to smash; to shatter

remaja
adolescent
remuk hati
broken-hearted

remang
fine body hair
remuk-redam
smashed; crushed

rembat
(1) whip (2) trap
renang
to swim

rembes
secrete; ooze
rencah

237
 seasoning; condiment; flavouring

rentang
rencana to stretch tight; to spread along
article; feature; story

rentap
rencat to pull violently; to snatch
stunted; retarded

rentas
renda to take a short cut
lace

rentetan
rendah sequence; series
low

renung
rendam to stare; to gaze; to ponder
to soak

renungan
rendang the act of staring or gazing; contemplation
food fried in coconut oil

renyai
renek drizzle
small and short

renyuk
renggang to crumple
far apart

renyuk-renyik
rengus crumpled
grumpy; sullen

repek
renjis to talk nonsense
sprinkle; scatter

reput
rentak rotten; decayed
rhythm; beat

238
resah happy; cheerful; merry
fidgety; restless; uneasy

riba
resam (1) hold on one's lap (2) interest on money lent
custom; tradition

ribu
resap thousand
to penetrate into; to seep into; to diffuse into

ribut
restu violent; storm
blessing

ridip
retak dorsal fin of a fish
to crack

rimas
retakan uneasy (because of heat, etc.)
a crack

rimba
retas forest; jungle
to rip open

rimbun
rezeki dense; thick (of hair, foliage, etc.)
livelihood; luck

rinci
ria specify in details
jovial; joyful; cheerful

rindu
riadah to long for; to yearn for
exercise; recreation

rindu dendam
riak passionate longing
(1) ripple on the water (2) vain; proud

ringan
riang light (in weight)

239
 rintihan
a groan or moan

ringan mulut
friendly
rintik
speckle; spot

ringan tangan
helpful person
rintik-rintik
drizzle

ringan tulang
hardworking
rintis
to clear a way; to open up; to pioneer

Ringgit Malaysia
Malaysian currency
risalah
pamphlet

ringkas
brief; concise
risau
worried

ringkasan
summary
risik
to make discreet inquiries

ringkasnya
briefly; in short
riuh
noisy

ringkuk
to bend or stoop; to crouch
riwayat
story; tale

rintang
to block with a barricade
riwayat hidup
biography

rintangan
barricade; obstacle
robek
to tear or rip

rintih
to moan; to groan (in pain)
roboh

240
 to collapse

rombakan
roda a reshuffle
wheel

rombong
rodok (1) large basket made of palm leaves (2) to
to stab form a group

rogol rombongan
to rape a group (of travellers)

roh rompak
spirit; soul to rob

rohani rompakan
spirituality robbery

rohaniah rompong
spiritual damaged at the tip; mutilated (of ear, nose, etc.)

rojak ronda
salad of mixed vegetables taken with sauce to patrol

rokok rongak
cigarette gap (in teeth, fence)

roma rongga
fine body hair cavity; hollow space

roman ronggeng
a person's looks or appearance a dance (for couples)

rombak rongkong
to demolish; to reshuffle throat

241
 ruang waktu
time frame

ronta
to struggle; to resist
ruap
to boil over; to bubble or foam over; to
evaporate
rosak
damaged; spoilt

ruas
the section between two joints; internode
rosot
decline; deteriorate; diminish

rugi
to suffer a loss
rotan
rattan; cane

ruji
staple food; basic; main
roti
bread

rujuk
to refer
ruam
rash

rujukan
reference
ruam panas
prickly heat

rukun
pillar; basic principle
ruam saraf
shingles

rumah
house
ruang
a space; a room

rumah tangga
household
ruangan
column

rumbia
sago-palm
ruang makan
dining-room

242
Rumi
Roman

rungutan
a complaint
rumit
difficult

runsing
worried
rumpai
weed

runtuh
to collapse
rumpair
a kind of sea plant; alga

runtun
to drag; to pull violently
rumpun
a clump; a cluster

runtunan
series
rumput
grass

rupa
appearance; form
rumus
formula

rupa kata
adverb
runcing
tapered; pointed; sharp

rupa nama
adjective
runcit
retail

rupanya
apparently
runding
to discuss; to negotiate

rupawan
beautiful
rundingan
discussion; negotiation

rusa
deer
rungut
to grumble; to complain
243
rusa senggerik sabungan
unicorn cock-fighting

rusuh sabung-menyabung
to create trouble flashing (of lighting)

rusuhan sabut
a riot; a rebellion husk

rusuk sadai
(1)side; flank; edge (2)rib stranded; beached (of boat)

saat
second (time); moment
sadap
to tap a palm tree for its juice

saban
every
saderi
celery

sabar
patient; calm
sadur
metallic plating or coating

sabda
saying; verbal expression
saga
a type of red seed

sabit
sickle
sagat
to grate; to scrape

Sabtu
Saturday
sagu
sago

sabun
soap
sah
authentic; genuine; legal

sabung
to fight (of cocks)
sahabat

244
 friend to serve (food)

sahaja sajian
only; merely; just a dish

saham sakat
a share to make fun of; to tease

sahih saki-baki
true; valid; sure; certain remainder; balance

sahsiah sakit
personality ill; pain; painful

sahur sakit hati

pre-dawn meal in the Muslim fasting month annoyed

sahut saksama
to answer a call just; impartial; fair

sahutan saksi
an answer; a response witness

saing sakti
compete; companion supernatural power

bersaing: to compete; in the company of; side

by side
pesaing: competitor; rival saku
saingan: competition; rivalry pocket
menyaingi: to compete with; to rival; to
accompany

salah
(1)wrong (2)guilty; at fault
sajak
poem

salai
to roast; to dry over a fire
saji
245
 saliran
drainage

salak
to bark
salji
snow

salam
peace; greetings
salur
to lead or channel into

salang
a method of execution
saluran
a channel

salangkan
even if
salur darah
blood vessel

salasilah
genealogy; pedigree
salur kencing
urethra

salib
cross for crucifixion
salur mani
vas deferens

salih
pious; virtuous
salur nadi
artery

salin
(1)to change clothes (2)to give birth
salut
to coat; to enwrap

salinan
a copy
salut bunga
calyx

saling
mutual
sama
same; together

salir
to flow off; to drain away
samak

246
 tannin

sampah
samar rubbish; garbage; litter
dim; vague; obscure

sampah sarap
sambal garbage of all sorts
spicy condiment

sampai
sambar (1)to reach; to arrive (2)till; until
to swoop down and seize; to snatch

sampai hati
sambil to have the heart to do something
while; simultaneously

sampan
sambilan small boat
part-time; subsidiary

samping
sambil lalu side; flank
incidentally; by the way

sampingan
sambung a by product
to fasten or join together; to continue

sampuk
sambungan to interfere; to interrupt; to intervene
continuation; connection; extension

sampul
sambut envelope; wrapper; cover
to welcome; to receive; to celebrate or observe

samseng
sambutan gangster; hooligan
reception; welcome; response; celebration

samudera
sami ocean; sea
Buddhist monk

247
samun to support
to rob

sanggah-menyanggah
sana to oppose; to protest against
there

sanggama
sanak saudara union; confederation
relatives

sanggul
sandang coiffure; knot of hair
shoulder-strap

sanggup
sandar willing; ready; able; capable
to lean on; to rely on; to depend on

sangka
sandar-menyandar to presume; to expect; to guess
to depend on one another

sangkaan
sandaran presumption; conjecture; guess; imagination;
prop; support; maintenance expectation

sanding sangkak
near; close; adjacent to hinder; to obstruct; to impede

sandiwara sangkal
stageplay; concert (1)to deny (2)handle (of hammer)

sang sangkalan
honorific epithet denial

sangat sangkar
very; extremely cage

sangga sangkut
stuck; attached
248
 sapaan
greeting; salutation

sangkut-paut
involved; implicated
sapi
cow or bull

sangsi
to doubt; to be suspicious
sapu
to wipe; to sweep; to rub gently

sanjung
to praise; to flatter; to adulate
sapu tangan
handkerchief

sanjungan
flattery; adulation
sara
pension; allowance

santai
relaxation
sara hidup
livelihood

santan
coconut milk
saraf
nerve

santap
to eat and drink (of royalty); to dine
saran
to suggest; to propose

santapan
food; dishes; meal
saranan
suggestion; proposal; propaganda

santun
well-mannered
sarang
nest; web

sanubari
heart; emotions
sarap
to have breakfast

sapa
to greet; to speak to; to address
sarapan

249
 breakfast

sasterawan
sarat male scholar
heavily loaded

sasterawati
saribunga female scholar
corolla; petals

sasul
saring overshot; gone too far
to filter; to refine; to sift; to sieve; to purify

satah
saringan plane; flat; level
refinement; preliminary rounds of contest

satu
sarjana one
scholar

satu-satu
sarjana muda one by one
bachelor's degree

satu-satunya
sarung the only one
sarong; sheath; cover; wrapper

saudagar
sasa merchant; trader
strong; sturdy

saudara
sasar brother or sister; relative; comrade
eccentric; odd; confused; crazy

saudara-mara
sasaran relatives in general
target

saudari
sastera female relative or friend
literature

250
sauh sad; melancholic
anchor

sayup
saujana very faintly visible or audible
spacious; extensive

sayup-sayup
sauk vague; indistinct
a scoop

sayur
sawah vegetable
rice-field

sayur-sayuran
sawan variety of vegetables
fits; epilepsy

sayur-mayur
sawang variety of vegetables
cobweb

se
sawat one; same; a; an
belt

sebab
saya reason; cause; because
I; my; me

sebab-musabab
sayang reason
love; affection

sebak
sayap to shed tears; choked
wing

sebal
sayat resentful; disillusioned; dissatisfied
to slice

sebar
sayu to spread; to distribute; to disseminate

251
sebaran sedar
seed conscious; aware

sebat sedekah
to whip; to cane; to steal alms

sebatan sederhana
whipping; caning moderate; average; medium; simple

sebaya sedia
similar (of age, looks) ready; prepared; willing

seberang sediakala
opposite side (of river, road); across immemorial; old; of long past

sebu sedih
choked (of nose); full (of stomach) sad; sorrowful

sebut sedu
to utter; to mention; to say; to pronounce sobbing

sebutan sedu-sedan
expression; utterance; pronunciation sobbing

sedak sedut
to choke; to hiccup to inhale; to suck up

sedang sedutan
(1)to be in the process of; while (2)medium inhalation; suction
(size); average; sufficient

segak
sedap smart-looking; chic; elegant; stylish
pleasant (of taste, smell); nice (of voice); tasty;
delicious
252
segala equilateral triangle
all; entire; whole; every

sejahtera
segala-galanya peaceful
everything

sejak
segan since
shy; bashful

sejarah
segan-silu history
bashful

sejat
segar to evaporate
fresh

sejuk
segar-bugar cool; cold
fit; like new

sekaligus
segera all at once
without delay; urgent; quick

sekalipun
segi although
aspect; angle; view; side; facet

sekam
segi empat grain husk; chaff
square

sekarang
segi tiga now
triangle

sekat
segi tiga sama kaki to block; to obstruct
isosceles triangle

sekatan
segi tiga sama sisi obstruction

253
 selam
to dive

sekerap
scrap
selamat
safe

sekoi
millet
selamat datang
welcome

sekolah
school
selamat jalan
goodbye; farewell

sekongkol
conspiracy
selamat malam
goodnight

seksa
to torture
selamat pagi
good morning

seksaan
suffering; torture
selamba
poker-faced; shameless

sekutu
partner; ally
selang
interval; pause

sela
interval; gap; opening
selaput
membrane

seladang
wild ox
selaput mata
cataract

selak
(1)a bolt (2)to pull out a garment
selar
branding iron

selalu
always
Selasa

254
 Tuesday

selesa
selasih comfortable; leisure
a type of plant

selesai
selat finished; settled; completed
straits

seleweng
selatan to divert; to deviate
south

selia
selawat to inspect
prayer for peace and prosperity

selidik
selekeh to investigate; to study; to do research
stain; smudge

selimut
selekoh blanket
curve; bend; twist

selinap
selempang to sneak away
sash

selindung
selendang to hide; to conceal; to take cover
shawl

seling
selenggara alternate
to maintain; to look after; to keep in good
condition

selingan
interlude
selera
appetite; zest

selirat
confused
selerak
scattered
255
selisih to smuggle
difference; dispute; disagreement

seluk
selit to put the hand in the pocket
to insert

selumbar
seliuh wooden splinter
sprained

seluruh
selok entire; whole
intricacy

selusup
selok-belok to penetrate; to infiltrate
intricacy

selut
selongkar mud
to ransack; to rummage

semadi
seloroh (1)concentration (2)to bury
comical; joking; humorous

semai
selsema to sow; to plant seedlings
a cold (medical)

semaian
seluar nursery; seedlings
trousers; pants

semak
seluar dalam (1)bush; undergrowth (2)to check (3)to revise
underpants

semak-samun
selubung undergrowth of all kinds
cover; veil

semangat
seludup spirit; zest; enthusiasm; soul; vigour

256
 sembarangan
at random

semangka
watermelon
sembelih
to slaughter

semarak
splendour; excellence
sembelihan
slaughter; bloodshed

semat
a pin
sembelit
constipation; constipated

semayam
To reside; to sit; to rest (of rulers)
sembilan
nine

sembah
to worship; to idolize
semboyan
signal; alarm

sembah salam
good wishes
sembuh
to recover from ill-health

sembahyang
to worship; to pray
sembul
to protrude

sembam
to fall in a prone position or on one's face
sembunyi
to hide; to conceal

sembang
chatter
sembur
to spout; to spray; to sprinkle

sembap
to swell
semenanjung
peninsula

sembarang
arbitrary
semenjak

257
 since

sempurna
semenjak itu complete; perfect
ever since

semua
sementara all
temporary; while

semuanya
sementara itu wholly; entirely
meanwhile

semut
semerbak ant
fragrant

sen
semesta cent
all; entire; the whole

senak
semesta alam tight; feeling stuffed
the whole universe

senak perut
sempadan indigestion; feeling of fullness in abdomen
boundary

senam
sempang to do physical exercise
hyphen

senaman
sempat physical exercise
having the time; early

senang
sempena easy; comfortable; free (from care)
in conjunction with; in commemoration of

senapang
sempit gun
narrow

258
senarai a sting
list

sengau
senda nasal (of voice)
joke

senget
sendat slanting; inclining
tight; close-fitting

senggugut
sendawa dysmenorrhoea
to belch; to burp

sengguk
sendeng to nod
slanting; sloping; leaning; askew

sengih
sendi to grin
joint

sengihan
sendiri a grin
alone; on one's own

sengit
sendiri-sendiri violent
each; individually

sengkang
senduk a dash
ladle

sengketa
sengaja a dispute
purposely; intentionally

sengsara
sengal suffering; agony
pain in the joints; rheumatism

seni
sengat (1)art; skill (2)fine

259
 senonoh
proper; decent; well-behaved

seni bahasa
fine language
sentak
to jerk; to pull suddenly

seni bina
architecture
sental
to rub; to scrub; to erase

seni lukis
art of painting or drawing
sentap
to tug; to pull sharply

seni ukir
sculpture
senteng
short or scanty (of clothes)

seniman
male actor
sentiasa
always

seniwati
actress
sentosa
peaceful; tranquil

senja
dusk; twilight
sentuh
to touch

senjakala
evening
sentuhan
contact

senjata
weapon; arms
senyap
quiet; silent

senjata api
firearms
senyap-senyap
quietly; without anybody's knowledge

senjata berat
artillery
senyum

260
 to smile

sepoi-sepoi
senyuman gentle; mild
a smile

sepoi-sepoi bahasa
sepah soft breeze
(1)to chew (of betel leaf) (2)scattered

sepuh
sepak gilt
(1)to slap (2)to kick

serabut
sepanduk fibre
banner; placard

serah
separa to surrender
a section only

serahan
separuh something that is submitted
half; semi

serai
sepatu lemon-grass
shoe

serak
sepatu besi hoarse (of voice)
horse-shoe

seram
seperti terrifying; frightful
like; such as

serambi
sepi verandah; porch
quiet; desolate; deserted

serampang
sepit a harpoon
tweezers; pincers; chopsticks

261
serang turban
boatswain

serbu
serangan to invade; to attack
an attack; an assault

serbuan
serangga a raid; an attack
insect

serbuk
Serani powder
Eurasian

serempak
serap coming suddenly and unexpectedly
to absorb

serentak
serapan simultaneously
absorption

seret
serapah to drag
a curse

sergah
seraya startling
while; simultaneously

sergahan
serba a snarl; act of startling
all

sergam
serba aneka conspicuous
various; all sorts

seri
serba-serbi (1)splendour; brightness (2)royal honorific (3)a
various sorts draw or tie (of a game)

serban Seri Paduka

His Majesty
262
serigala serpihan
wolf; jackal a chip; a fragment; a splinter

serik serta
to discourage (1)together with; along with (2)as soon as

sering serta-merta
often; frequently immediately

seringkali seru
often; frequently to cry aloud; to exclaim; to call

seringai seruan
a grin an exclamation

serkap seruling
conical fish-trap flute

serkup sesah
conical coop beat with a cane

serlah sesak
gleaming white against dark background; congested; tight; crowded; packed
exposed

sesal
serong regretful; repentant
askew; crooked; unfaithful; insincere

sesalan
seronok repentance
enjoyable; pleasant

sesat
serpih lost; gone astray
a chip; a fragment; a splinter

263
sesuai useless; futile; in vain
suitable; appropriate

siak
sesungut mosque caretaker
feeler; antenna

sial
seterika unlucky; unfortunate
iron (for clothes)

siamang
seteru a gibbon
enemy; foe

siang
setia (1)daytime (2)to cut up and clean (meat or fish)
loyal; faithful

siang hari
setiausaha daytime
secretary

siang-siang
setinggan early
squatter

siap
sewa ready; prepared; finished; completed
rent; lease

siap sedia
sewaan ready; well-prepared
rental

siapa
sewa beli who; whose
hire purchase

siar
sfera to stroll
sphere

siaran
sia-sia a broadcast

264
 sihir
magic; sorcery

siasat
to investigate
sijil
certificate

siasatan
investigative; investigation
sikap
demeanour; attitude

siat
to tear into small pieces; to shred
sikat
(1)a comb (2)a bunch (of bananas)

sibuk
busy
siku
elbow

sibur-sibur
dragon-fly
siku-siku
a set-square

sidai
to hang out (clothes)
sila
(1)please (2)to sit cross-legged

sidang
council; board; meeting
silam
the past

sifar
zero
silang
a cross

sifat
characteristic; feature; quality
silap
wrong; mistaken

sifir
an arithmetical table
silau
glitter; dazzle

sihat
healthy
silih

265
 alternate

sinaran
silu a ray; a glow; a gleam; a glitter; illumination
shy; bashful; timid

sindir
simbah to hint; to insinuate; to tease; to mock
soaked; wet

sindiran
simpan insinuation
to keep; to store; to save (money)

singa
simpanan lion
savings

singgah
simpang to stop by on the way
junction

singgahsana
simpangan throne
cross-roads

singgung
simpang-siur to insult; to offend
criss-crossing

singkap
simpul to reveal; to expose; to lay open; to lift (skirt)
a knot

singkat
simpulan short; brief
a knot; a bond

singkatan
simpulan bahasa abbreviation
an idiom

singkir
sinar to expel; dismiss
a ray; a beam (of light)

266
singsing remainder; leftovers
to roll up (sleeves; trousers)

sisi
sini side; edge
here

sisih
sinis to stay apart
cynical

sisik
sipi scale (of fish)
off target

sisip
sipu to insert
shy; bashful

sisipan
siput insertion
snail

sisir
siram (1)to comb (2)a comb (of bananas)
to water

siswa
sirap undergraduate
slightly raised

sita
sirat forfeited; confiscated
netting; mesh

sitaan
sirih confiscation; confiscated goods
betel leaf

situ
sirip there
fin

siul
sisa to whistle

267
 sompek
chipped

siulan
whistling
sondol
to butt with lowered head

siuman
recovered consciousness; sane
songkok
Malay male head-dress

soal
to question
songsang
upside down; inverted

soalan
a question
sopan
respectful; courteous; polite

soal selidik
questionaire
sopan santun
courtesy; politeness

sodok
to shovel
sorak-sorai
applause; cheering

sogok
a bribe
sorakan
applause; cheers

sokong
to support; to back up
sore
afternoon; early evening

sokongan
support; backing
sorok
to hide; to conceal

solek
make-up
sorong
to push forward; to shove; to urge

sombong
proud; conceited; snobbish
sorot

268
 (1)ray; beam (2)to review

suasana
sorotan mood; atmosphere; situation; circumstances
(1)glow; radiation (2)reflection; review

suatu
sotong one; a
cuttlefish

subahat
sua accomplice
to meet; to encounter; to join

subang
suai ear-ring; ear-stud
suitable; fit; appropriate

subuh
suai kenal dawn
orientation

subur
suam flourishing; healthy; fertile
lukewarm; feverish

suci
suami chaste; pure; virtuous; holy
husband

sudah
suap already; finished
(1)to feed (2)to bribe

sudahlah
suara that's enough
voice

sudahnya
suara hati finally
conscience

sudah-sudah
suara ramai past; bygone
opinion of the majority

269
sudi sport
willing

sukar
sudip difficult; hard
wooden ladle

sukarela
sudu voluntary
spoon

sukarelawan
sudut volunteer
corner; angle; aspect; point of view

sukat
sugul quantity; capacity
sadness; grief; sorrow

sukatan
suhu measurement; assessment
temperature

suku
sujud a quarter
prostrate (in prayer)

suku kata
suka a syllable
like; enjoy

suku bangsa
suka hati tribe
delighted; happy

suku-sakat
suka ria family; clan
gay; happy

sula
sukacita to impale
glad; happy; cheerful

sulah
sukan bald

270
 sumbangsih
contribution; aid; alms

sulam
to embroider
sumbat
(1)cork; stopper (2)tight (hole)

sulaman
embroidery
sumber
source; resource

suling
distilled
sumbing
torn; split

sulit
(1)secret; confidential (2)difficult
sumbu
horn of a rhinoceros

sultan
Muslim ruler
sumpah
oath; solemn promise

sultanah
Muslim ruler's consort
sumpahan
curse

suluh
a torch
sumpah-sumpah
chameleon

sulung
the first; the eldest
sumpit
shoot with a blow-pipe

sulur
tendril
sumpitan
blow-pipe

sumbang
(1)to donate; to contribute (2)indecent; immoral
sumsum
bone marrow

sumbangan
contribution
sumur

271
 a well

sunting
sunat an ornament worn in the hair
circumcision

suntuk
sungai short of time; overdue
river

sunyi
sungguh quiet; lonely
true; real; indeed

supaya
sungguh-sungguh so that; in order to
truly; really; indeed; ernestly

surah
sungguhpun a chapter of the Koran
although

surai
sungkur (1)to disperse (2)tress; horse's mane
(1)to lower one's head (2)a shovel

suram
sungut gloomy; hazy; dim
feeler; antenna

surat
sungut-sungut letter
feeler; antenna

suratkhabar
sunti newspaper
a female child

surau
suntik Muslim prayer house
to inject; to inoculate; to vaccinate

suri
suntikan queen
injection; inoculation; vaccination

272
suri rumahtangga a spur (of cock)
housewife

susuk
suria figure; shape
the sun

susuk badan
suruh bodily shape or figure
to order or instruct

susul
suruhan to follow
an order

susulan
suruhanjaya follow-up
commission

susun
surut pile; layer
to subside; to ebb; to decrease

susunan
susah arrangement
(1)difficult (2)misery; worry

susup
susah hati to enter secretly; to infiltrate
worried; troubled

susur
susah-susah edge; fringe; margin; border
to bother; to take the trouble

susut
susila to decrease; to shrink
ethical

sutera
susu silk
milk

sutradara
susuh director of a play or film

273
 syarahan
a lecture

swasta
private (not public)
syarat
condition; requirement; prerequisite

Syaaban
eighth month of the Muslim calendar
syariah
Islamic law

syabas
well done; good
syarikat
company; corporation

syah
ruler
Syawal
tenth month of the Muslim calendar

syahbandar
harbour-master
syirik
polytheism

syahdan
meanwhile; then; furthermore; moreover
syok
attractive; appealing; pleasant

syahid
martyr
syor
suggestion; recommendation

syair
poem
syukur
thanks; gratitude

syaitan
satan; the devil
syurga
heaven

syak taat
suspicion obedient; faithful; loyal

syarah tabah
to lecture determined; persevering

274
tabal catchment
to install; to inaugurate

tadbir
tabiat administrative
habit; behaviour

tadi
tabii just now
natural; inborn

tadika
tabik kindergarten
a salute

tafakur
tabir meditation
curtain; screen

tafsir
tabuh interpretation
a mosque drum

tagak
tabung (1)durable; lasting (2)to hesitate; to dilly-dally;
money-box; fund; tube to defer

tabungan tagih
savings to crave for; addictive

tabung uji tahan

test tube to endure; to last; to tolerate

tabur tahan api

to scatter; to disseminate fireproof

tadah tahan lasak

to receive with both palms hardy

tadahan tahan uji

endurance test
275
 tahunan
annual

tahanan
detention
tahyul
superstition

tahap
level; stage
taja
to sponsor

tahi
dung
tajaan
sponsorship

tahi arak
an alcoholic
tajak
a hoe

tahi judi
a gambler
tajam
sharp

tahi mata
eye discharge
tajuk
title

tahi telinga
ear wax
tak
no; not (abbreviation of tidak)

tahniah
congratulations
takabur
proud; arrogant

tahu
(1)to know (2)soya
takal
pulley

tahu-tahu
without being aware of
takar
glass or porcelain jar

tahun
year
takat

276
 extreme degree or limit

takungan
takdir reservoir
destiny; fate

takut
takhta afraid
throne

takwim
takik almanac; calendar
notch; indentation

takziah
takjub condolence
astonished; amazed

takzim
takkan high respect
impossible; can't; won't

tala
taklimat (1)tune; pitch (in music) (2)padlock
briefing

talak
takluk divorce
to subject; to subdue; to subjugate

talam
takrif tray
definition; description

tali
taksir rope
to assess; to evaluate; to appraise

talian
taksiran a line (of telephone)
assessment; estimate; evaluation

talu
takung to flog; to wallop
stagnant

277
tamadun visible
civilization; civilized

tampaknya
tamak apparently; obviously
greedy

tampal
taman to patch; to plaster
park; garden

tampalan
tamar a patch; a plaster; a poultice
date (fruit)

tampan
tamat (1)handsome; smart-looking (2)to stop
finished; ended; terminated something moving

tambah tampar
to add; to increase to slap

tambahan tamparan
addition; an increase; additional a slap

tambak tampi
embankment; dyke to winnow or sift

tambang tampil
fare (for transport) to appear; to come forward

tambat tampuk
to tie up; to moor calyx

tambatan tampung
connection; mooring buoy to bear; to endure; a patch

tampak tamsil
parable; analogy
278
 tanam
to plant

tamsilan
comparison
tanaman
plants

tamu
guest
tanam-tanaman
all kinds of plants

tanah
soil; land; ground
tanda
sign; mark; symbol

tanahair
motherland
tandan
bunch; cluster (of bananas, etc.)

tanah gambut
peat
tandang
visit

tanah gembur
loam
tandas
toilet; latrine

tanah jajahan
colony
tandatangan
signature

tanah liat
clay
tanding
to compete

tanah pamah
plains
tandu
stretcher

tanah tumpah darah

motherland
tanduan
palanquin

tanak
to cook rice
tanduk

279
 horn

tangisan
tangan weeping; crying
hand

tangkai
tangga a stalk; a handle; a stem
ladder; stairs; a scale

tangkai jering
tanggal stingy
(1)to drop off; to take off (2)date (of calendar)

tangkal
tanggap an amulet; a talisman
to listen carefully

tangkap
tanggapan to catch
response; reaction; notion; idea

tangkapan
tangguh a catch; the capture
postpone

tangkas
tangguk nimble; agile
a small fishing net

tangkis
tanggung to ward off; to repulse; to repel
(1)to bear; to be responsible (2)inadequate

tanglung
tanggungan lantern
responsibility; obligation; surety

tangsi
tanggungjawab barracks
responsibility

tani
tangis farming
to weep

280
tanjak to dance
(1)head-dress (2)going obliquely upwards

tarian
tanjung a dance
cape (land jutting out into the sea)

tarik
tanpa to pull
without

tarikh
tanya date (of the calendar)
to ask; to enquire

taring
tapa tusk; fang
hermitage

taruh
tapak (1)stake; bet (2)to put; to place
palm of the hand; sole of the foot; base; site

tarung
tapis to clash; to dispute; to quarrel
to filter; to sieve; to censor

tasik
tapisan lake
filtrate

tata
tara system; order
equal; par; even

tataacara
taraf agenda
standard; status; level

tatabahasa
tarah grammar
to plane wood

tatacara
tari procedure

281
 taufan
typhoon

tatahukum
legal system
tauge
bean sprout

tatasusila
code of ethics
tauhu
soyabean curd

tatatertib
discipline
tauke
Chinese business proprietor

tatah
inlaid work
taulan
friend

tatahan
inlay
tauliah
letter of appointment; commission

tatang
to carry in the palm of the hand
taun
cholera

tatap
to observe intently; to scrutinize
Taurat
Old Testament

tatapan
scrutiny
taup
united; connected; joined together

tatih
unsteady; wobbly; to toddle
taut
joined together; united (of wound)

tatkala
when
tawa
laugh

taubat
repentance; penitence
tawan

282
 to capture; to captivate; to conquer

tebar
tawanan scattered; to scatter (seeds); to cast (a net)
a prisoner; a captive

tebas
tawar to clear the undergrowth
(1)tasteless (2)to bargain

tebing
tawaran bank (of river)
an offer

tebu
tawar hati sugar-cane
disheartened

tebuan
tawar hambar hornet
tasteless

tebuk
tawar-menawar to pierce; to drill; to perforate
to bargain; to haggle

tebus
tawarikh to recover or redeem by payment
history; annals

tebusan
tayang ransom; redemption
to show; to display; to screen (a film)

teduh
tayangan protection or shelter
a show; a display; a screening

tedung
tebal cobra
thick; dense (of growth)

tegah
tebang to forbid; to prohibit
to fell (a tree); to cut down

283
tegahan criticism; greeting
prohibition

teh
tegak tea
upright; erect

teka
tegang to guess
taut; tight; tense

teka-teki
tegap a riddle
well-built; sturdy; firm

tekaan
tegar a guess
stubborn; obstinate

tekad
tegas will-power; determination
firm; well-defined; precise

tekak
tegasan throat
clarification

tekan
teguh (1)to press (2)to oppress; to ill-treat
firm; secure; steady

tekanan
teguk pressure; stress
a gulp

tekap
tegun (1)to trace (2)to cover
to stop suddenly

tekat
tegur embroidery
to greet; to accost; to criticize

teko
teguran teapot

284
tekong telanjang
anchorman (in sports) nude; naked

tekukur telap
large cuckoo-dove permeable

tekun telapak
diligent; hardworking; industrious palm of hand; sole of foot

telaah telatah
to study; to examine behaviour

teladan telekung
example a white praying veil used by Muslim women

telaga telentang
well supine

telagah telinga
to quarrel; to disagree ear

telah telingkah
(1)already; have; did; has (2)to forecast; to to argue; to dispute; to quarrel
predict

teliti
telahan care; close attention; accuracy; precision
prediction

teluk
telan bay
to swallow

telungkup
telangkup to lie prone
upside-down

285
telunjuk pewter
index finger

tembak
telur to shoot
egg

tembak-menembak
telur dadar a shoot-out
omelette

tembakan
telur masin shooting
salted egg

tembakau
telut tobacco
to kneel

tembam
teman plump
companion; friend

tembelang
temasya addled (of eggs)
a show or event (cultural, musical)

temberang
tembaga to tell a lie; to brag
copper: brass

tembikai
tembaga merah watermelon
copper

tembikar
tembaga kuning porcelain; earthenware
brass

tembok
tembaga perunggu wall; embankment
bronze

tembolok
tembaga putih crop, gizzard (of birds)

286
 tempelak
to rebuke; to reproach; to censure

tembung
meet; encounter
tempeleng
to slap on the face

tembuni
placenta; afterbirth
tempiar
scattered

tembus
perforated; penetrable
tempik
a short loud cheer

tempa
to weld; to forge (metals)
tempikan
loud shouting

tempah
to reserve; to book
tempik-sorak
cheering

tempahan
booking
tempoh
period of time

tempang
lame; crippled
tempoyak
preserved durian

tempat
place; location
tempua
weaver bird

tempatan
local
tempuh
to go or pass through

tempayan
large earthen water-barrel
tempuling
harpoon

tempel
to stick; to paste; to glue
tempur

287
 to clash

tengah hari
tempurung midday
coconut shell

tenggala
temu a plough
to meet; to find

tenggara
temu duga south-east
an interview

tenggek
temu ramah to squat; to crouch; to perch
an interview

tenggelam
tenaga to sink; to set (of sun)
energy; power; strength

tengger
tenang to perch
calm; quiet; still; composed

tenggiling
tenat armadillo
critically ill; exhausted

tengik
tendang rancid (of oil)
to kick

tengkar
tendangan to quarrel
a kick

tengking
tengadah to snarl
to look up

tengkingan
tengah a snarl
middle; centre

288
tengkolok (1)to forecast (2)to gaze fixedly
head-dress

tenungan
tengkorak prediction
skull

tenusu
tengku dairy
a Malay prince or princess

tepak
tengkuk a metal box
nape of neck

tepat
tengok exact; precise
to see; to consider

tepi
tentang side; edge
about; regarding

tepis
tentangan to push aside
objection; opposition; resistance

tepu
tentera brimful; full
army; military; troops

tepuk
tenteram to clap
calm; peaceful; tranquil; quiet

tepukan gemuruh
tentu loud applause
sure; certain; definite

tepung
tenun flour
to weave

tera
tenung stamp; official seal

289
 terbit
to rise; to emerge; to appear

terajang
to kick and trample
terbitan
publication; issue; edition

teraju
weighing scales
teriak
a loud cry or shout

terang
bright; clear
terik
tight; excessive; unbearable

terang-benderang
very bright
terima
to receive; to accept

terang-terang
clearly; frankly
terima kasih
thank you

terap
(1)to apply (2)mould (for cakes)
terima salah
plead guilty

teras
core; essence
terjemah
to translate

teratai
lotus
terjemahan
translation

teratai kecil
blue water-lily
terjun
to jump down; to dive

teratak
a small hut
terkam
to pounce on

terbang
to fly
ternak

290
 livestock

teruna
ternakan youthful (male); young man
breeding; rearing

terung
teroka brinjal
to open new land

terus
terompah straight; direct
clogs (wooden footwear)

terusan
teropong canal
telescope

terus-menerus
terowong continuously; non-stop
tunnel

tetak
terpa to chop; to slash
to leap; to spring forward; to pounce

tetakan
tertib a slash
order; discipline; system

tetamu
tertib nikah guest
marriage rites

tetangga
tertib sopan neighbour
tradition of politeness

tetap
terubuk specific; unambiguous; fixed; permanent
herring

tetapi
teruk but; yet
very bad; serious; severe

291
tetas no; not
to slit open; to hatch

tidak apa
tetek never mind
breast

tidak apa-apa
tetes nothing
drop (of fluid)

tidur
tetesan to sleep
drops (of fluid)

tidur ayam
tewas to sleep lightly
defeated

tidur mati
tiada to sleep soundly
no; not; not any

tiga
tiang three
pillar; post

tikai
tiap quarrel
every; each

tikam
tiarap (1)to stab (2)to bet
to lie prone

tikaman
tiba a stab
to arrive; to reach

tikam dadu
tiba-tiba gamble
suddenly

tikar
tidak mat; rug

292
tikus timbang
rat (1)to weigh (2)to consider; to contemplate

tilam timbang rasa

mattress sympathy

tilik timbul
(1)to observe carefully; to gaze fixedly (2)to to emerge; to appear; to float up
foretell

timbun
tilikan heap; pile; mass
prediction; observation

timbus
tilik nasib to fill up (a hole); to bury
fortune-telling

timpa
timah to strike or hit (of falling object)
tin

timpaan
timang obstacle
to dandle; to caress; to rock (child)

timpal
timangan balanced; proportionate
darling; pet; nickname

timun
timba cucumber
pail; bucket

timur
timbal east
balanced; equable

tindak
timbalan to take action
vice; deputy

293
tindakan tingkap
action window

tindak balas tingkat

reaction storey; floor

tindak tanduk tinkatan

behaviour; character; nature form or grade (in school)

tindas tinjau
to oppress; to suppress; to intimidate; to bully to observe; to watch

tindasan tinjauan
oppression observation; survey; review

tindih tinju
to press upon; to oppress boxing

tindik tinta
to pierce (ear) ink

tinggal Tionghua
(1)to live (2)to leave (3)to stay behind (4)to be Chinese
left

Tiongkok
tinggi China
high; tall

tipis
tingkah thin; slim; fine (of thread); sheer (of material)
behaviour

tipu
tingkahan deceit; cheat; fraud
musical accompaniment

tirai
curtain
294
tiram titik dua
oyster a colon (:)

tiri titis
step- a drop

tiris titisan
to leak through droplets; trickle

tiru tiup
to copy; to imitate to blow

tiruan tiupan
imitation; counterfeit; a copy a gust (of air)

tirus tocang
tapering plait; braid (of hair)

titah todak
formal address or speech (royal); royal sword-fish
command

togel
titi bald; tailless
wooden bridge

tohor
titian shallow
wooden crossing

tok
titik grandfather
(1)a drop of liquid (2)a full-stop; a dot; a point

toko
titikberat shop
emphasize

295
tokoh to help one another
a figure; a personality

tombak
tokok spear; lance; javelin
addition

tombol
tokong (1)knob (2)knot (in wood)
a Chinese or Buddhist temple

tompok
tolak (1)spot; mark; blotch (2)heap; pile
(1)to push (2)to subtract (3)to reject

tong
tolakan barrel; bin
a shove; a push; rejection

tonggek
tolak ansur protruding (of buttocks)
to give and take

tongkang
tolak bala lighter; flat-bottomed boat or barge
to avert evil

tongkat
toleh walking-stick
to look back

tongkol
tolok cob (of maize); chunk; nugget
equal; matching

tonjol
tolol a hump or protrusion; to protrude
stupid

tonton
tolong to watch (as a spectator)
assistance; to help; please

tontonan
tolong-menolong a show or display

296
 tuai
harvesting knife; to harvest

tonyoh
to scrub thoroughly
tuak
toddy; palm-wine

topang
support; prop
tuala
towel

topeng
mask
tuan
sir; master

topi
hat
tuan rumah
landlord

toreh
to tap (e.g. rubber)
tuang
(1)to pour (2)to be absent

torehan
an incision
tuanku
sir (to royalty); your Highness

toyol
a type of evil spirit or ghost
tuas
lever

trengkas
shorthand
tuba
poisonous root used in fishing

tua
(1)old; ripe (2)dark (of colour)
tubi
persistently; repeatedly

tua-tua
old; ripe; mature
tubuh
body

tuah
luck; fortune
tubuh badan

297
 the whole body

tujuh
tuduh seven
to accuse

tukang
tuduhan skilled workman
accusation

tukar
tuding to change; to exchange
index finger; to point at

tukaran
tudung replacement
cover; lid; veil

tukar ganti
tugas to substitute
duty; task

tukul
tugasan a hammer
assignment

tulang
tugu bone
monument

tular
Tuhan contagious; infectious; to spread (disease)
God

tulat
tujah third day after today
to stab; to pierce

tulen
tuju pure; genuine
direction

tuli
tujuan deaf
intention; purpose; aim

298
tulis to spill
to write

tumpahan
tulisan spillage
writing

tumpah darah
tulus motherland
honest; sincere; heartfelt; straightforward

tumpang
tumbang (1)to reside (2)to take a lift or ride
collapse; fall

tumpangan
tumbesar lodging
growth (of plants, etc.)

tumpas
tumbuh to annihilate; to destroy
to develop; to grow

tumpat
tumbuhan compact; packed; crowded; full
growth

tumpu
tumbuh-tumbuhan (1)to focus; to concentrate (2)to support
plants

tumpuan
tumbuk focus; support
(1)to punch (2)to pound

tumpul
tumis blunt
to fry

Tun
tumit an honourable title
heel (of foot)

tunai
tumpah (1)cash (2)accomplished

299
 tungkus lumus
overworked

tunang
fiancé or fiancee
tunjal
to poke; to thrust

tunas
a bud; a sprout
tunjam
to dive; to plunge

tunda
(1)to tow (2)to postpone
tunjuk
to show; to point

tunduk
to bow; to submit
tunjuk ajar
guidance

tunggak
(1)to be in arrears (2)tree stump
tunjuk perasaan
demonstration

tunggakan
arrears
tuntun
to lead by the hand; to guide

tunggal
sole; solitary; single
tuntut
(1)to claim (2)to study

tunggang
(1)upside-down (2)to ride
tuntutan
a claim; a demand

tunggu
to wait
tupai
squirrel

tunggul
tree stump
turas
to filter

tungku
trivet; brazier
turun

300
 to descend; to disembark; to come down yawn

menguap: to yawn

turunan
descent; genealogy
ubah
alter; change

turun-temurun mengubahsuaikan: to modify

hereditary; from generation to generation berubah: to become changed
berubah-ubah: changing; inconsistent
mengubah: to change
pengubahsuaian: modification
turus perubahan: alteration; change
main post or pillar

uban
turut grey hair
to follow; to go along
beruban: having grey hair

turutan
sequence ubat
medicine

berubat: to be treated
tusuk mengubat: to treat
skewer; pin mengubati: to treat
pengubatan: treatment
perubatan: medical
terubat: curable; treatable
tut
a graft
ubi
parsnip; tapioca
tutup
to shut; to close
ubin
tile
tutur
to speak; to talk; to converse

uak ubun
croak crown or top part of the head

menguak: to croak ubun-ubun: crown or top part of the head

uap ubur-ubur
jellyfish

301
ucap ukir
make a speech carve; engrave; emboss

berucap: to make a speech mengukir: to carve

ucapan: speech ukiran: engraving; sculpture
mengucapkan: to express berukir: to be carved; to be engraved
pengucapan: utterance; expression mengukirkan: to carve
pengukir: engraver; carver
pengukiran: engraving; carving
terukir: carved; engraved
udang
prawn

ukur
measure; assess
udara
air; atmosphere mengukur: to measure; to assess
pita ukur: measuring tape
angkatan udara: air force ukuran: measurement; size
pesawat udara: aircraft pengukuran: measurement
pos udara: air mail
pengudaraan: aeration

ulam
raw vegetable to be eaten with rice
udik
upstream

ulama
Muslim scholar
ufuk
horizon; limit of knowledge or interests

ulang
repeat
ugut
threaten; intimidate ulang tahun: anniversary
berulang-alik: to commute; to travel back and
mengugut: to threaten; to intimidate forth regularly
ugutan: threat; intimidation ulang kaji: revision
berulang-ulang: repeatedly
mengulang: to repeat; to revise
mengulangi: to repeat
uji mengulang kaji: to revise
test perulangan: repetition

menguji: to test; to try out

ujian: examination; test
ujikaji: experiment ular
mengujikaji: to experiment snake
penguji: examiner
teruji: tested
ujibakat: audition
ulas
302
 (1) clove; one division of a compound bulb
such as garlic
(2) comment
umbuk
ulasan: a comment convince; persuade
ulasan buku: book review
mengulas: to comment; to review mengumbuk: to convince; to persuade
pengulas: commentator

umbut
ulat edible palm pith
maggot; caterpillar; larva; worm

umpama
uli example
knead
seumpama: such as; for instance; for example
menguli: to knead mengumpamakan: to exemplify; to honour
perumpamaan: proverb; simile

ulit
croon umpan
bait; lure; decoy
mengulit: to sing (a child) to sleep
pengulit: lullaby mengumpan: entice; lure

ulung umpat
first-born; eldest; superior backbiting; spiteful talk; gossip; slander

umpatan: backbiting; defamation; calumny

mengumpat: to backbite; to gossip; to defame
umang-umang pengumpat: slanderer
hermit-crab

umpil
umat lever
humanity; religious sect or community;
follower (of religion)

umum
general; public
umbang
float; drift; sail rapat umum: rally
mengumumkan: to announce
terumbang-umbang: floating; drifting; pengumuman: announcement
bobbing up and down

umur
umbi age
corm (underground stem); tuber
303
 berumur: aged superior
seumur: of the same age; all (one's) life
keunggulan: superiority

undan
swan; pelican unggun
stack or pile (of wood)

undang
(1) invite; tempt (2) law ungka
gibbon
mengundang: to invite
undangan: invitation

ungkai
untie; unfasten; undo
undang-undang
law; rules mengungkai: to untie; to unfasten; to undo

perundangan: legislation

ungkap
expression of feelings
undi
vote; ballot mengungkap: to express one's feelings
ungkapan: expression (word, phrase or
undian: vote; ballot mathematical symbol)
mengundi: to cast a vote
pengundi: voter
pengundian: voting
ungkit
repeat

undur mengungkit: to reiterate (the past); to lift

move backwards pengungkit: lever

berundur: to retreat
mengundurkan: to drive back
mengundur: to retreat; to postpone ungu
pengunduran: withdrawal; postponement purple

unggas unjuk
birds hold out; hand over

mengunjuk: to hold out; to hand over

unggis
gnaw; nibble
unjur
stretch one's legs

unggul mengunjur: to stretch one's legs

304
 means; ways; ability

berupaya: to be able to cope

unsur berkeupayaan: capable
element; constituent substance keupayaan: capability
mengupayakan: to endeavour; to strive
berunsur: characterised by

ura
unta discuss
camel
ura-ura: discuss
memperurakan: to plan; to discuss

untai
a chain; numeral coefficient for necklace,etc.
urai
loose; apart

untuk menguraikan: to disentangle

for; with a view to; in order to penguraian: disentanglement; act of
unravelling
memperuntukkan: to allocate
peruntukan: allocation

urat
vein or nerve
untung
profit; advantage; luck

untung-untung: maybe; perhaps uri

beruntung: lucky; profitable placenta
keuntungan: advantage; profit; benefit
menguntungkan: to bring profit

urus
manage
untut
elephantiasis mengurus: to manage; to settle
urusan: matter; affair
berurusan: to deal; to do business
menguruskan: to manage; to arrange; to
upacara organise
ceremony pengurus: manager
pengurusan: management
terurus: arranged; regulated; organised
urusniaga: business deal
upah
fee; wage

mengupah: to hire or let out for pay urut

massage

mengurut: to massage
upaya berurutan: in sequence

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 usul
motion or proposal put forward for discussion

usaha mengusulkan: to propose; to suggest

effort usul periksa: thorough investigation

berusaha: to make an effort

mengusahakan: to perform; to work diligently
pengusaha: industrialist usus
perusahaan: industry intestine
usahawan: entrepreneur
keusahawanan: entrepreneurship

utama
main; chief; special; most important
usai
finished; over; dispersed keutamaan: priority
mengutamakan: to give priority to
mengusai: to disperse terutama: especially

usang utara
decrepit; dilapidated; obsolete (1) north (2) suggest

mengutarakan: to put forward an idea

usap
stroke; caress
utas
mengusap: to caress; to stroke string; chain

usia utuh
age intact; complete; undamaged

berusia: aged keutuhan: perfection; totality; wholeness

usik utus
disturb; tease send

mengusik: to tease; to disturb mengutus: to send

usikan: disturbance; teasing utusan: messenger; delegate
berutus: to correspond; to despatch
perutusan: message

usir
chase away; expel; drive or force out
uzur
mengusir: to chase away; to expel; to banish sick; ill; not well; weak from age or illness
pengusiran: exile; banishment
menguzurkan: to obstruct; to weaken
uzuran: debility

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vaksin waja
vaccine steel

van wajah
van facial features

vanila wajar
vanilla appropriate; fitting; proper and right

sewajarnya: naturally
video
video
wajib
compulsory; obligatory

virus kewajipan: duty; obligation

virus mewajibkan: to compel

visa wajik
visa sweet sticky rice cake

vitamin wakaf
vitamin religious donation

wabak mewakafkan: to donate for a religious purpose

epidemic pewakaf: one who donates for a religious
purpose

wacana
discourse; speech; lecture wakil
agent; representative

berwakilkan: represented by
wafat mewakili: to represent
to pass away mewakilkan: to appoint as one's representative
perwakilan: representation

waham
suspicion; doubt waktu
time

sewaktu: while
wahyu
revelation through a dream

walau
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 if

waras
walaupun lucid; sane
although
kewarasan: sanity

walhal
in fact wargakota
inhabitant of a city

walhasil
eventually; finally warganegara
citizen of a country

kewarganegaraan: citizenship
wali
sponsor; godparent; guardian

waris
heir
wang
money; currency warisan: heritage
mewariskan: to bequeath
berwang: moneyed; having money mewarisi: to inherit
kewangan: financial pewaris: beneficiary; heir

wangi warkah
fragrance epistle; letter

mewangikan: to make fragrant

warna
colour
wanita
woman; female berwarna: coloured
berwarna-warni: multi-coloured
kewanitaan: feminity mewarnakan: to colour
pewarnaan: colouring

wap
vapour; steam warta
gazette; journal
berwap: steaming
mengewap: to vaporise mewartakan: to inform; to announce
pengewapan: vaporisation

wartawan
warak
devout; pious
308
 journalist wawancara
an interview
kewartawanan: journalism; journalistic

wawasan
warung vision
stall

wayang
wasangka performance on a screen
suspicion

wayang gambar
wasiat cinema; movie
a will

mewasiatkan: to bequeath by a will

wayang kulit
traditional Malay shadow play

waspada
cautious; gingerly
wenang
power
berwaspada: cautious

waswas wibawa
indecision; hesitation; doubt authority

watak wilayah
character; role administrative territory; province

perwatakan: characterisation

wira
hero admired for his brave deeds
watan
native land wirawan: hero
wirawati: heroine
keperwiraan: heroism

watikah
letter of authority
wisma
house

wau
kite
wujud
exist; become visible; become a fact

309
X-ray olive
X-ray

ya
yes zakar
penis
mengeyakan: to say yes; to agree

Yahudi zakat
Jew tithe

yakin zalim
assured; confident brutal; cruel; merciless

keyakinan: confidence; faith; trust kezaliman: cruelty

meyakini: to believe menzalimi: to oppress; to tyrannize
meyakinkan: to assure; to convince

zaman
yang epoch; particular period or age inhistory; era
who; which; that

zamrud
Yang Teramat Mulia emerald
Highness

zapin
yatim a song and dance of Arab origin
orphan

zarah
yayasan particle; atom
foundation (institution or fund)

zat
yu nutritional value
shark

ziarah
yuran visit
fee
berziarah: to visit
zahid menziarahi: to call on; to pay a visit
ascetic; recluse penziarah: a visitor

zaitun zina
310
 adultery

berzina: to commit adultery

penzina: adulterer

zirafah
giraffe

Zuhal
Saturn

Zuhrah
Venus

zuhur
noon

Zulhijah
the twelfth month of the Muslim calendar

Zulkaedah
the eleventh month of the Muslim calendar

zuriat
descent: genealogy

311