A

abdomen
n.
1
belly:
tiy´ an
2
lowerabdomen:
pus´ on
abject
adj.
1
pitiful, miserable:
kaab´ a-ab´ a, ab´ a, kahab´ ag-hab´ ag
2
despicable, contemptible:
kasukl´ am-sukl´ am, kapo´ ot-po´ ot
able
adj.
having sufficient power,skill, etc.:
may k´ aya, may kakayah´ an, malak´ as
above
adv.
in a place above orhigher:
sa ita´ as, n´ asa ita´ as
•
prep.
over, higher than, more than:
sa ib´ abaw, hig ´ it sa, l´ alo sa
•
adj.
supe-rior to, not stooping to, not loweringoneself:
hind ´ i’ nagpapakab´ aba’
absent
adj.
not present:
l ´ iban, wal´a’
•
v.
to be absent, to stay away:
lum ´ iban, hind ´ i’ pum´ asok
absolutely
adv.
completely:
lub´ os,lub´ usan
abundant
adj.
more than sufficient,plentiful:
sag´ ana, masag´ ana, pasas´ a’
accept
v.
1
to take when offered:
tu-mangg´ ap, tanggap´ in
2
to consent to:
pum´ ayag, pay´ agan, sumang-´ ayon,sang-ay´ unan
accident
n.
1
a casualty, mishap:
sakun´ a’, disgr´ asya
2
by accident,happening by chance, not forseen:
nang hind ´ i’ sinasady´ a’, nang hind ´ i’ inaas´ ahan, nang hind ´ i’ kinuk´ usa’,nang hind ´ i’ inak´ ala’
accompany
v.
1
to go along with:
sum´ ama, sam´ ahan
2
to play an ac-companiment:
sum´ aliw, sal ´ iwan
accusation
n.
a charge of some of-fence:
par´ atang, bint´ang
accuse
v.
1
to charge with some of-fence:
magpar´ atang, parat´ angan
2
tocharge in court:
magsakd´ al, isakd´ al,ipagsakd´ al, maghabl´ a, ihabl´ a, ipagh-abl´ a
3
to falsely accuse:
magpar´ atang o parat´ angan nang hind ´ i’ mar´ apat,magbint´ ang, pagbintang´an
accustomed
adj.
1
usual, ordinary:
kinagawi´ an, kinaugal ´ ian, kina-pamihasn´ an, kinahirat ´ ihan
2
usedto:
bih´ asa’, san´ ay, hir´ ati’, bant´ ad
3
in the habit of:
kinagawi´ an,nakagawi´ an
ache
 n.
1
continuous pain:
pangin-gir´ ot, pananak ´ it, panghahapd ´ i’,kir´ ot, sak ´ it, hapd ´ i’
2
mental ormoral suffering as dejection, grief:
pighat ´ i’, dalamh´ ati’
•
v.
1
to pain:
sumak ´ it, kumir´ ot
2
to suffer moralpain:
magdamd´ am, damdam ´ in
acquire
v.
to obtain something(as one’s own):
mak´ uha, magtam´ o,matam´ o, tamuh ´ in, magkam ´ it,makamt´ an, kamt´ an
acrid
adj.
1
sharp and bitter intaste:
maask´ ad
2
acrid in taste, asof unripe fruit:
mapakl´ a’
across
prep.
on the other side of:
sa kabil´ a’, sa ib´ ayo, sa kabil´ ang ib´ ayo op´ anig
act
n.
1
an action:
gaw´ a’
2
doingor carrying out:
´ akto, paggaw´ a’,pagsasagaw´ a’
3
the act of a play ordrama:
yugt´ o’
4
law, decree:
bat´ as
•
v.
1
to do:
kum ´ ilos
2
 to playthe part of:
guman´ ap (nang pap´el),ganap´ in (ang pap´el)
3
to behave:
kum ´ ilos, umany´ o’, mag-any´ o’
4
toconduct one’s self:
mag-´ asal, um´ asal
acting
adj.
performing:
gumagan´ ap
active
adj.
1
quick:
maliks ´ i
2
alive:
buh´ ay
3
industrious, diligent:
mas´ ugid, mas ´ ipag, masig´ asig
4
lively:
masigl´ a
acute
adj.
1
severe, intense:
matind ´ i
2
keen:
mat´ alas
3
in medicine,coming to a crisis quickly, serious:
malal´ a’, malubh´ a’
add
v.
1
to join (together):
mags´ ama, is´ ama, pagsam´ ahin,magdugt´ ong, idugt´ong
2
to putwith:
maglag´ ay, lagy´ an, ilag´ ay
3
to mix:
maglah´ ok, lahuk´ an,ilah´ ok
4
to increase:
magdagd´ ag,idagd´ ag, dagdag´ an
 5
to extend, saysomething more:
idugt´ ong
address
n.
1
a speech:
talump´ ati’,disk´ urso
2
the place where one lives:

adequate 2 age
tir´ ahan, tinitirh´ an, direksiy´ on
•
v.
1
to give an address or speech:
magtalump´ ati’, magdisk´ urso, du-misk´ urso
2
to speak to (someone):
kaus´ apin
adequate
adj.
quite sufficient:
hust´ o, k´ asiya, k´ asya, sap´ at
adhere
v.
1
to stick to:
dumik ´ it,manik ´ it, dikit´ an, kum´ apit, kap´ itan
2
to belong to (in an attachedmanner):
um´ anib, an ´ iban
3
to unitein agreement:
um´ ayon, ay´ unan,sumang-´ ayon, sang-ay´ unan
adjust
v.
1
to fit, to arrange:
i´ ayos,isa´ ayos, ay´ usin
2
to adapt:
iakm´ a’,pag-akma ´ in, it´ ama’, pagtam´ ain,ib´ agay, pagbag´ ayin
3
to adaptoneself:
makib´ agay
admit
v.
1
 to permit entrance:
magpap´ asok, papas´ ukin
2
to con-fess, to accept:
um´ amin, am ´ inin,tumangg´ ap, tanggap´ in, kumil´ ala,kilal´ anin
admonition
n.
1
caution, warning:
babal´ a’, paun´ awa’, paala´ ala
2
act of reminding or warning:
pagpapaal´ ala,pagpapaun´ awa’
adore
v.
1
to worship as a deity:
sumamb´ a, sambah ´ in
2
to love verymuch:
pakamahal ´ in
3
to like verymuch (coll.):
gust´ ung-gust´ o
adrift
adj/adv.
floating withoutbeing guided, drifting:
natatang´ ay (nadadal´ a) ng ´ agos o ´ alon
advantage
n.
1
a benefit:
kapak-inab´ angan, pakin´ abang, kabut ´ ihan,bent´ aha, bent´ ahe
2
to be bene-fited by, to profit by:
makin´ abang,pakinab´ angan, mapakin´ abang
3
totake advantage of, to make useof:
magsamantal´ a, samantalah ´ in,pagsamantalah´ an
4
to get or havethe advantage over, to outdo:
lumam´ ang, malamang´ an, lamang´ an,duma ´ ig, mada ´ ig, daig ´ in
advertisement
n.
1
announcement:
anunsiy´ o, paanunsiy´ o
2
a commer-cial announcement:
patalast´ as
advice
 v.
1
an opinion about whatshould be done:
p´ ayo, pang´ aral,tagub´ ilin
2
news, information:
bal ´ ita’, pabal ´ ita’
3
a notification:
patalast´ as, ab´ iso
4
an instruction:
tagub´ ilin
5
to ask advice, to consult:
magkons´ ulta, kumons´ ulta, ikons´ ulta,sumangg´ uni, sanggun ´ iin, isangg´ uni
6
to give advice, to advise:
magp´ ayo,pay´ uhan, pagpay´ uhan, ip´ ayo
affection
n.
1
strong, tender attach-ment:
pagmamah´ al
2
love:
pag-´ ibig,pags´ uyo’, pagsint´ a
affliction
n.
1
grief:
dalamh´ ati’,pagdadalamh´ ati’
2
sorrow:
lungk´ ot,kalungk´ utan, lumb´ ay, kalumbay´ an
3
pain:
sak ´ it, hapd ´ i’, kir´ ot
4
sickness:
karamd´ aman, sak ´ it
5
distress:
kahir´ apan
6
misfortune:
kasaw ´ iang-p´ alad
aflame
adv/ adj.
in flames, on fire:
nag-a´ alab, nagnin ´ ingas, nagliliy´ ab,naglalagabl´ ab, nasus´ unog
afraid
adj.
1
frightened, feelingfear:
tak´ ot
2
to be afraid:
mat´ akot
3
to scare:
tum´ akot, man´ akot, tak´ utin
4
to feel uneasy about:
mangamb´ a,ipangamb´ a
5
to dread:
kabah´ an
after
adv.
following the course of,later than:
pagkat´ apos, pagkara´ an,makal ´ ipas
•
adj.
later, following:
kasun´ od
•
prep.
according to, basedon:
b´ atay, alinsun´ od
afternoon
n.
h´ apon
afterwards
adv.
later:
pagkat´ apos,pagkara´ an, pagkal ´ ipas
again
adv.
1
at a second or anothertime:
mul ´ i’, ul ´ i’, na nam´ an
2
oncemore:
m ´ insan pa, mul ´ i’ pa, is´ a pa
3
again and again:
muli’t mul ´ i’, pa´ ulit-´ ulit, ´ ulit-´ ulit
against
prep.
1
in opposition to:
l´ aban, k´ ontra, salung´ at
2
contraryto:
lab´ ag, salung´ at
3
upon:
sa
age
n.
1
the time of life:
g´ ulang,ed´ ad
2
a period of time:
panah´ on,kapanah´ unan
3
of legal age:
n´ asa karapat´ ang g´ ulang, n´ asa ed´ ad, n´ asa hust´ ong g´ ulang
4
of minor age:
wal´ a’ pa sa ed´ ad, wal´ a pa sa g´ ulang,

agency 3 angry
men´ or de ed´ ad
5
of the same age:
kaed´ ad
6
of the same period, era:
kapanah´ unan
7
old age:
katanda´ an
•
v.
1
to become old:
tumand´ a’
2
tomake old:
magpatand´ a’, makatand´ a’,patanda ´ in
agency
n.
an agent’s office or dis-trict:
ah´ensiya
agree
v.
to suit one especially cli-mate, food, etc.:
mahiy´ ang, mag ´ ing hiy´ ang syn
bum´agay, bag´ayan,mag´ing b´agay
 1
to be good for one:
makab´ uti
2
to be in accord with:
sumang-´ ayon, sang-ay´ unan
agreement
n.
1
a mutual under-standing:
kasund´ uan
2
harmony:
pagkakasund´ o’, pagkakais´ a, pagkaka-suw´ ato
3
an arrangement:
tip´ anan
4
a bargain, deal, contract:
kontr´ ata,pagkakayar ´ i’, kasund´ uan
aid
n.
1
help, support:
t´ ulong,pant´ ulong
2
succor, relief:
sakl´ olo
3
a helper, an assistant:
kat´ ulong
•
v.
1
to help:
tum´ ulong, tul´ ungan
2
togive relief:
sumakl´ olo, saklol´ ohan
aim
n.
1
an intention:
l´ ayon,lay´ unin, tung´ uhin, b´ alak
2
a pur-pose:
sady´ a’, dahil´ an, p´ akay
3
theact of pointing a firearm:
puntiry´ a,punteriy´ a, pagpuntiry´a, pagt´ utok
•
v.
1
to direct or point somethingsuch as a gun:
pumuntiry´ a, ipun-tiry´ a, puntiryah ´ in, pumunteriy´ a,ipunteriy´ a, punteriyah ´ in, umasint´ a,iasint´ a,
asintah ´ in
2
to intend:
magb´ alak, bal´ akin
airport
n.
the place for airplanes toland at and start from:
palip´ aran,himp´ ilan ng erupl´ ano
aisle
n.
space between rows of seatsin a church, theatre, etc.:
pag ´ itan,da´ anan
alight
adv/adj.
1
on fire:
nagnin ´ ingas
2
lighted up, bright:
maliw´ anag, nagliliw´ anag
alike
adj.
similar, like one another:
magkamukh´ a’, magkakamukh´ a’,magkat´ ulad, magkahaw ´ ig, magka-par´eho
•
adv.
similarly, in the sameway:
magkat´ ulad
all
n.
1
everyone, every one of:
lah´ at,lah´ at-lah´ at, ang lah´ at
2
each andeveryone:
b´ awat is´ a
•
adj.
1
entire:
bu´ o’, tan´ an, kabuo´ an
2
above all:
hig ´ it sa lah´ at
allegory
n.
a representation of a fig-urative story:
 alegor ´ iya, talingh´ aga’
alley
n.
a narrow back street:
esk ´ ina,eskin ´ ita, kalyeh´ on
all right
adj.
1
correct:
t´ ama’,tump´ ak, wast´ o’
2
yes:
´ oo
3
goodenough:
mab´ uti
alphabet
n.
abak´ ada, alpab´eto,bayb´ayin
already
adv.
before or by this time:
na
also
adv.
in addition, besides, too,likewise:
rin, din, pat ´ i, man, nam´ an,gay´ un ,din
altar
n.
alt´ ar, damb´ ana’
although
conj.
though:
k´ ahit na,k´ ahit man, mask ´ i, bagam´ an
altitude
n.
height:
ta´ as
always
adv.
at all times:
l´ agi’,par´ ati, pal´ agi’, pirm´e
ambition
n.
1
a wish, intention:
adh ´ ika’, ambisy´ on, hang´ arin
2
afervent or tenacious wish, desire orideal:
lunggat ´ i’ mith ´ i’
amusement
 n.
recreation, diver-sion:
lib´ angan, al ´ iwan, dibersiy´ on
angelus
n.
prayer:
orasy´ on
anger
n.
1
vindictive passion:
g´ alit,pagkag´ alit
2
a suppressed angeror rage:
ngitng ´ it, pagngingitng ´ it
3
hatred:
po´ ot, kapoot´ an
•
v.
1
toanger, make angry:
magpag´ alit,ikag´ alit, gal ´ itin, pagal ´ itin
2
to feelanger or be angry:
mag´ alit
3
tofeel anger but to be suppressingit:
magngitng ´ it
4
to cause anger:
makag´ alit, ikag´ alit
angry
adj.
1
gal ´ it
2
to get angry:
mag´ alit
3
to make angry, provoke:
magpag´ alit, gal ´ itin
4
to feel angrybut to be suppressing it:
magn-gitng ´ it
5
to show an angry face:
sumim´ angot, simang´ utan, mand ´ ilat,

anguish 4 approach
pandil´ atan
anguish
n.
1
very great pain orgrief:
h´ apis, dalamh´ ati’, s´ akit,panggigipusp´ os
2
to be in anguish:
magdalamh´ ati’
animal
n.
a beast:
h´ ayop
annex
v.
to join or add (a smallthing) to a large thing:
magdugt´ ong,idugt´ ong, dugtung´ an, magdagd´ ag,dagdag´ an, idagd´ ag
•
n.
an additionto a building:
dugt´ ong, dagd´ ag
annoy
v.
1
to feel annoyed:
mayam´ ot
2
to feel annoyed because of somemonotonous or continuous act:
mabag´ ot, mabuw ´ isit
3
to causeannoyance to, to annoy:
mangyam´ ot
4
to molest, disturb:
mang-ab´ ala,abal´ ahin
5
to pester:
mambuw ´ isit,buwis ´ itin, manggul´ o
6
to tease:
manuks´ o, tuksuh ´ in
7
to make angry:
magpag´ alit, gal ´ itin
another
adj.
1
different:
ib´ a
2
onemore:
 is´ a pa
•
pron.
a different one,someone else:
ib´ a
answer
n.
reply to a question, etc.:
sag´ ot, tug´ on
•
v.
to reply:
sumag´ ot,sagut ´ in
ant
n.
1
small insect:
langg´ am
2
abig type of ant:
hant ´ ik
3
flying ant:
gamugam´ o
antiquated
adj.
1
out-of-date,old-fashioned:
sina´ una, makal´ uma’
2
obsolete:
lip´ as na, la´ os
anxious
adj.
1
worrried, uneasy,restless:
bal ´ isa’, hind ´ i’ mapalag´ ay,nababah´ ala’
2
earnestly desirousor longing for something:
sab´ ik,nanamab´ ik
3
to be anxious, to beworried:
mabah´ ala’, mag-ala´ ala,mag-alal´ a, alalah´ anin, mag-´ agam-´ agam, mabal ´ isa’
anything
adv.
at all:
man l´ amang
•
n.
a thing of any kind:
anum´ ang b´ agay
 •
pron.
any thing:
anum´ an,k´ ahit an´ o, k´ ahit na an´ o, mask ´ i an´ o
apology
n.
1
asking pardon:
pagh-ing ´ i’ ng t´awad (paumanh ´ in)
2
anexplanation:
paliw´ anag (pagpa-paliw´ anag) tungk´ ol sa nagaw´ ang s´ ala’ o pagkuk´ ulang
append
v.
to add, to attach:
magdagd´ ag, idagd´ ag, magl´ akip,mags´ ama, is´ ama, ilak ´ ip
appetite
n.
1
a relish for foodor drink:
g´ ana
2
a desire, incli-nation:
h ´ ilig, gust´ o, pagkagust´ o,pagkakagust´ o
applaud
v.
1
to show approval byclapping the hands:
pumalakp´ ak palakpak´ an
2
to praise or approve:
pum´ uri’, pur ´ ihin
applause
n.
1
approval expressedby clapping hands, shouting, etc.:
mga palakp´ ak, palakp´ akan
2
praise:
pap´ uri’, pagp´ uri’
apple
n.
mans´ anas
apply
v.
1
to put on:
magp´ atong,pat´ ungan, ip´ atong, maglag´ ay,lagy´ an, ilag´ ay
2
magp´ ahid, pah ´ iran,ip´ ahid
3
 to use, to put in use asa rule or law:
gum´ amit, gam ´ itin,magsagaw´ a’, isagaw´ a’
4
to applyfor work:
magprisint´ a, magpris ´ inta,mag-apl´ ay, aplay´ an
5
to applygently and lightly:
magdamp´ i’,idamp´ i’, dampi´ an
apprehend
v.
1
to seize, ar-rest:
hum´ uli, mah´ uli, hul ´ ihin,dumak ´ ip, m´ adakip, dakip´ in, dakp´ in,sumungg´ ab, sunggab´ an
2
tounderstand:
umun´ awa’, mau-naw´ aan, unaw´ ain
3
to comprehend:
umintind ´ i, maintindih´ an, intindih ´ in
4
to expect with anxiety or fear:
mangamb´ a, mabah´ ala’, mabag´ abag
apprehension
n.
1
a seizing or ar-rest:
pagh´ uli, pagkah´ uli, pagkakah´ uli,pagdak ´ ip, pagkadak ´ ip, pagkakadak ´ ip
2
a fear or dread of future evil:
pangamb´ a, pagkabah´ ala’, bag´ abag,pagkabag´ abag
approach
v.
to drag near:
lum´ apit,lap´ itan
•
n.
1
the way by whicha place can be reached:
da´ ang pat´ ungo’, da´ an sa pagpunt´ a
2
theact of contacting (approaching) aperson:
pagl´ apit, pakikipagk ´ ita
3
the act of coming near:
pagl´ apit,

appropriate 5 assault
pags´ apit
appropriate
adj.
 suitable, fit:
b´ agay, angk´ op, wast´ o’, akm´ a’,kar´ apat-d´ apat
•
v.
1
to take foroneself to the exclusion of others:
kumamk´ am, kamkam ´ in, umangk ´ in,angkin ´ in
2
to set apart for some spe-cific use:
magla´ an, ila´ an, paglaan´ an,magtakd´ a’, itakd´ a’, pagtakda´ an
apt
adj.
1
likely:
malam´ ang,maa´ ari’, pos ´ ible
2
quick to learn:
matal ´ ino, madal ´ ing mat´ uto
3
fittedor suited:
b´ agay, nabab´ agay, akm´ a’,naaakm´ a’, angk´ op, naaangk´ op,tugm´ a’, natutugm´ a’, kar´ apat-d´ apat
area
n.
1
district:
pur´ ok
2
a region:
po´ ok
3
extent:
lak ´ i, l´ awak
4
the sizeor measurement:
lak ´ i, s´ ukat
5
part:
bah´ agi’
6
area of specialization:
lar´ angan
arm
n.
1
the part of a person’sbody:
b´ isig, br´ aso
2
arm twistedor crooked:
pingk´ aw, k´ omang
3
tofold the arms:
 maghalukipk ´ ip (ng kam´ ay), ihalukipk ´ ip (ng kam´ ay)
arms
n.
weapons:
mga arm´ as, mga sand´ ata
army
n.
1
an organized group of soldiers:
hukb´ o’, ´ armi
2
a multi-tude, very large number:
kulup´ on,kulump´ ol, kulup´ ol
around
adv/ prep.
on all sidesof:
sa pal ´ ibot, sa pal ´ ibut-l ´ ibot, sa pal ´ igid, sa pal ´ igid-l ´ igid
•
adj.
1
about:
humig ´ it-kum´ ulang
2
to goaround:
maglib´ ot, maglib´ ut-lib´ ot,magpal ´ ibut-l ´ ibot, lib´ utin, lum ´ igid,maglig ´ id-lig ´ id, magpal ´ igid-l
´ igid,lig ´ irin
3
to look around (by turningthe head):
lum ´ ingos, lum ´ inga’
arrest
v.
1
to seize by authorityof law:
hum´ uli, hul ´ ihin, dumak ´ ip,dakip´ in, dakp´ in, umar´esto, arestuh ´ in
2
to stop, to check:
pum ´ igil, pig ´ ilin,map´ igil, magpat ´ igil, patig ´ ilin,magpahint´ o’, pahintu ´ in
3
to be at-tracted or fixed, e.g. one’s attention:
ma´ akit, map´ ako’ ang ting ´ in
4
tocease:
tum ´ igil, tig ´ ilan, it ´ igil
•
n.
1
the act of arresting or seizing:
pagh´ uli, pagdak ´ ip, pag-ar´esto
2
a checking or stopping:
pagp´ igil,pagkap´ igil, pagkakap´ igil, pagpa-pat ´ igil, pagkapat ´ igil, pagkakapat ´ igil
arrival
n.
1
act of arriving:
dat ´ ing,pagdat ´ ing
2
eventuality:
pagsip´ ot,paglit´ aw, pags´ apit
arrive
v.
1
to come:
dumat ´ ing,sumip´ ot
2
to make one’s appear-ance:
sumip´ ot, lumit´ aw
3
to reachthe end of a journey:
sum´ apit,is´ apit, dumat ´ ing, idat ´ ing
arrow
n.
1
the thing that is shotfrom a bow:
palas´ o’
2
bow andarrow:
p´ ana’
art
n.
1
skill:
kasan´ ayan
2
principlesor methods:
para´ an, sist´ema
3
asin drawing, painting, acting:
s ´ ining,´ arte
artificial
adj.
1
made by humanskill or labor, not natural:
artipisy´ al,hind ´ i’ t´ unay, hind ´ i’ natur´ al
2
pre-tended or make believe:
pakunwar ´ i’,gaw´ a-gaw´ a’ l´ amang
3
hypocritical:
pak ´ itang-t´ ao
aside
adv.
 1
apart, besides:
buk´ od sa
2
on one side, to one side:
sa is´ ang tab´ i
3
to set aside or apart:
mag-buk´ od, ibuk´ od
ask
v.
1
to ask a question:
mag-tan´ ong, tanung ´ in, itan´ ong
2
torequest:
huming ´ i’, hing´ an, hing ´ in,pamanh ´ ikan, maki´ usap, pakius´ apan,ipaki´ usap
3
to ask on behalf of:
ihing ´ i’, ipanghing ´ i’
4
to invite:
mag-any´ aya, anyay´ ahan, kumumbid´ a,mangumbid´ a, kumbidah ´ in
asleep
adj.
1
sleeping:
tul´ og,natut´ ulog
2
half-asleep, half-awake:
alimpung´ at, naaalimpung´ atan
3
tofall asleep:
makat´ ulog, maidl ´ ip
assault
v.
1
to attack:
sumal´ akay,salak´ ayin
2
to attack, esp. in force:
lum´ usob, lus´ ubin
3
to attack fiercely:
dumal´ uhong, daluh´ ungin
4
to as-sault a person in a scuffle:
um´ away,aw´ ayin, bum´ abag, bab´ agin
5
to seizeand take by force, rape:
gumah´ asa’,
assiduity 6 baby
manggah´ asa’, gahas´ ain
•
n.
anattack:
sal´ akay, pagsal´ akay, l´ usob,pagl´ usob, dal´ uhong, pagdal´ uhong,gah´ asa’, paggah´ asa’
assiduity
n.
1
diligence:
sig´ asig,kasigas ´ igan, pagsusum ´ ikap
2
indus-try:
s ´ ipag, kasip´ agan
3
zeal:
s ´ ikap,pagsis ´ ikap, pagsusum ´ ikap
4
con-stancy in work:
tiyag´ a’, pagtitiyag´ a’,katiyaga´ an
assiduous
adj.
diligent:
masig´ asig,mas ´ ikap, mapagsum ´ ikap, matiyag´ a’,mapagtiyag´ a’
assume
v.
1
to take for granted,suppose:
magpalag´ ay, ipalag´ ay, ipag-palag´ ay
2
to have the appearanceof, to pretend:
magkunw´ a’, magkun-war ´ i’, pagkunwari´ an, mag-any´ o’,magpangg´ ap
3
to suppose somethingto be true:
mag-ak´ ala’, akal´ ain
attack
n.
1
attacking:
sal´ akay,pagsal´ akay, l´ usob, pagl´ usob, at´ ake,pag-at´ ake
2
an attack of sickness:
at´ ake, sump´ ong
3
an attack inwords:
tuligs´ a’, bat ´ ikos, at´ ake
•
v.
1
 assail:
sumal´ akay, salak´ ayin,lum´ usob, lus´ ubin
2
to attack withforce and fury, esp. when desperate:
dumal´ uhong, daluh´ ungin
3
to assailby speech:
manuligs´ a’, tumuligs´ a’,tuligsa ´ in, bumat ´ ikos, batik´ usin,mag-at´ ake, umat´ ake, atak ´ ihin
4
tosuffer an attack of sickness:
atak ´ ihin,sumpung ´ in
attend
v.
1
to be present at:
du-mal´ o, dal´ uhan
2
to take chargeof:
mag-asik´ aso, asikas´ uhin
3
tocare for:
mag-al´ aga’, alag´ aan
4
to wait on, to go with:
umasist´e,asistih´ an, magsilb´e, pagsilbih´ an,maglingk´ od, paglingkur´ an, humar´ ap,harap´ in, umasik´
aso, asikas´ uhin
5
toheed:
makin ´ ig, pakingg´ an, dingg ´ in
6
to regard or listen to, to obey:
sumun´ od, sund ´ in, makin ´ ig, dingg ´ in,pakingg´ an
auditorium
n.
a large building foran audience, a large hall:
odit´ oryum,audit´ oryum, awdit´oryum, malak ´ ing bulw´ agan
aunt
n.
1
sister of one’s father ormother:
tiy´ a, t ´ iya, kak´ a’
2
an uncle’swife:
tiy´ ahin
avoid
v.
1
to keep out of the wayof:
um ´ iwas, iw´ asan, um ´ ilag, il´ agan
2
to keep away from:
 lumay´ o’, layu´ an,mang ´ ilag, pangil´ agan
3
to go asidefrom, to be off the path:
lumih ´ is, li-his´ an
awake
v.
1
to wake up:
gum ´ ising,gis ´ ingin, mag ´ ising
2
to be awake to,to be aware of, to know:
mal´ aman,mabat ´ id, mam´ ulat
3
to stay awakeat night:
magpuy´ at, pagpuy´ atan,magl´ amay, paglam´ ayan
4
to arouseor awaken suddenly:
gumulant´ ang,magulant´ ang, gulantang ´ in
•
adj.
1
not asleep:
gis ´ ing
2
newly awaked,half-awake and showing sleepinessin the eyes:
pupung´ as-pung´ as,naaalimpung´ atan
awaken
v.
to rouse from sleep,to wake up:
gum ´ ising, gis ´ ingin,pum´ ukaw, puk´ awin
award
n.
prize:
gantimp´ ala’, pr´emyo
•
v.
to grant:
magkalo´ ob, ipagkalo´ ob,pagkaloob´ an, magg´ awad, ig´ awad,gaw´ aran
awareness
n.
pagkabat ´ id, kabat ´ iran,pagkaal´ am, pagkaun´ awa’
awkward
adj.
1
not graceful inmovement, clumsy:
saliw´ a’, lamp´ a,asiw´ a’
2
not well suited to use:
hind ´ i’ mab´ uti, hind ´ i’ akm´ a’, hind ´ i’ b´ agay, hind ´ i’ angk´ op
3
not easilymanaged:
 mah ´ irap
4
embarrass-ing:
nakahihiy´ a’, kahiyahiy´ a’
5
inappropriate:
alang´ an
awning
n.
a rooflike cover as of can-vas, extended over or in front of aplace:
s ´ ibi, pas ´ ibi
axe
n.
a tool for chopping wood:
palak´ ol
B
baby
n.
1
a very young child, infant:

back 7 bargain
sangg´ ol
2
a child:
b´ ata’
3
young:
b´ ata’
back
n.
1
part of a person’s body:
lik´ od
2
the back of an animal:
lik´ od,gulug´ od
3
the back of a chair orcouch:
sand´ alan
4
the part oppositethe front:
lik´ od
5
the space at theback:
likur´ an
6
the back seat, e.g.of an auto:
hul ´ i, hulih´ an, lik´ od,likur´ an
•
 adj.
behind in time:
hul ´ i,nakara´ an
•
adv.
behind:
sa hul ´ i,sa likur´ an
•
v.
1
to back, to go orcause to go backward as a vehicle:
um´ urong, magpa´ urong, paur´ ungin,i´ urong, umatr´ as, iatr´ as atras´ an
2
to back down, to withdraw:
um´ urong, ur´ ungan, i´ urong,
3
tobackslide, to return to former vice,etc:
manumb´ alik sa d´ ating b´ isyo
bad
adj.
1
not good:
masam´ a’
2
spoiled, e.g. food:
sir´ a’, pan ´ is
3
rotten:
bul´ ok
4
severe:
matind ´ i
5
bad odor:
mab´ aho’
•
n.
1
evil:
sam´ a’, kasama´ an, kasam´ aan
2
badluck:
m´ alas’, kamal´ asan’
•
v.
1
to gofrom bad to worse:
magpakasam´ a’,sumam´ a’ nang sumam´ a’
2
to feelbad , to feel unwell:
sumam´ a’ ang pakiramd´ am
 3
to feel displeased orhurt:
maghinanak ´ it, magdamd´ am
•
interj.
Too bad!:
S´ ayang!
badge
n.
1
metal badge worn onbreast:
ts´ apa
2
a badge on thearm:
ins ´ igniya
3
a sign or emblem:
sag ´ isag, palatand´ aan, tand´ a’
bag
n.
1
a suitcase:
mal´eta, malet ´ in
2
a paper or cloth bag:
s´ upot
3
a bagmade of woven palm fiber:
bay´ ong
4
a handbag:
h´ andbag, h´ anbag
5
asack:
s´ ako
•
v.
1
to kill or catchin hunting:
hum´ uli, mah´ uli, hul ´ ihin,pumat´ ay, mapat´ ay, patay ´ in
2
to putin a bag:
mags´ upot, is´ upot
bail
n.
the guarantee necessaryto get a person free from arrestuntil he is to appear for trial:
piy´ ansa, l´ agak,
•
v.
to obtain suchfreedom:
magpiy´ ansa, pumiy´ ansa,piy´ ansahan
bait
n.
1
for catching fish, rats, etc.:
p´ ain
2
to set a bait:
magp´ ain, pa ´ inan
•
v.
to torment by unkind or annoy-ing remarks:
magpas´ akit, pasak ´ itan
bakery
n.
baker’s shop:
panadery´ a
balcony
n.
1
an upper floor ina theater or hall with seats foran audience:
p´ alko
2
projectingplatform with an entrance from anupper floor of a building:
balk´ on,balkon´ ahe
3
a roofless veranda orterrace over a porch:
asot´ea
bald
adj.
1
wholly or partly with-out hair on the head:
kalb´ o, pan´ ot
2
completely bald but made so by aclose hair cut or shaving the head:
pin´ anot, kinalb´ o
•
v.
to shave thehead:
kalbuh ´ in, pan´ utin
ball
n.
1
a playing ball:
b´ ola
2
a for-mal dance:
b´ ayle, say´ awan
balloon
n.
airtight bag filled withsome gas:
l´ obo
bamboo
n.
1
kaw´ ayan
2
bamboogrove:
kawayan´ an
3
split bamboo:
tinil´ ad na kaw´ ayan, patp´ at, palatp´ at
banana
n.
1
the fruit of the bananaplant:
s´ aging
2
the banana plant:
p´ unong-s´ aging
bar
n.
1
an iron bar:
b´ aras na b´ akal, kab´ ilya
2
iron or steel grill:
r´ehas na b´ akal
3
a counter or placefor drinking:
bar, bar ´ ikan
4
thelegal profession:
bar
5
an obstacle:
hadl´ ang, sag´ abal
•
v.
1
to forbid:
magb´ awal, pagbaw´ alan, ipagb´ awal
2
to block:
maghadl´ ang, humadl´ ang,hadlang´ an, mahadlang´ an
3
to lockor bolt:
magtrank´ a, magtarangk´ a,tarangkah´ an
barefoot
adj/adv.
without shoesor stockings:
nakayap´ ak, yap´ ak,nakatap´ ak, tap´ ak, nakapa´ a, pa´ a-pa´ a
barely
 adv.
1
scarcely:
bahagy´ a’ na
2
only just:
h´ alos
bargain
n.
1
an agreement:
ka-sund´ uan
2
something offered forsale cheap or bought very cheap:
is´ ang kasund´ uan iy´ on
3
a bargainsale:
barat ´ ilyo, amon´eda
•
v.
1
to

bark 8 become
agree beforehand concerning some-thing:
magkasund´ o’, pagkasundu´ an,makipagkasund´ o’, magkaunaw´ aan,mak ´ ipag-unawa´ an
2
to trade:
ipag-pal ´ it, makipagpal ´ it
3
to make abargain, to buy at a cheap price:
makam´ ura
4
to try to get a gooddeal:
mataw´ aran, makipagtawar´ an,tum´ awad
bark
n.
outside covering of thetrunk and branches of a tree:
bal´ at ng k´ ahoy
•
v.
1
to remove bark froma tree:
magbal´ at, balat´ an, mag-´ upak,up´ akan
2
to scrape or be scraped off,e.g. the skin:
gumasg´ as, gasgas ´ in,magasg´ as, magasgas´ an, tumukl´ ap,matukl´ ap, tuklap´ in, matuklap´ an
bark
n.
sound made by a dog, etc:
tah´ ol, kah´ ol
•
v.
1
to bark as a dog:
tumah´ ol, tahul´ an, kumah´ ol, kahul´ an
2
to shout out:
sumig´ aw, sigaw´ an
bashful
adj.
shrinking from notice,shy:
mahiy´ ain, dung´ o’
•
v.
to bebashful:
madung´ o’, mahiy´ a’
basin
n.
1
a wash basin or dish:
palangg´ ana
2
one attached to thewall, sink:
lab´ abo
bat
n.
a flying animal that looks likea mouse:
pan ´ iki’
bat
n.
a stick of club used to hit theball in baseball, cricket, etc:
bat
•
v.
to hit a ball with a bat:
pum´ alo’ ng b´ola, pal´ uin ang b´ ola
bath
n.
1
a washing of the body:
pal ´ igo’, palil ´ igo’
2
a sponge bath:
p´ unas, bany´ os
3
a room or otherplace for bathing:
paligu´ an
4
a tubfor bathing:
bany´era
 5
to take abath:
mal ´ igo’
6
to take or give asponge bath:
magp´ unas, pun´ asan,magb´ anyos, banyus´ an
bathe
v.
1
to take a bath:
mal ´ igo’
2
to give a bath to another:
mag-pal ´ igo’, palig´ uan
3
to pour over:
magh´ ugas, hug´ asan
4
to cover or becovered:
mal ´ igo’, palig´ uan
bathroom
n.
a room for tak-ing baths:
b´ anyo, paligu´ an, sil ´ id paligu´ an
bay
n.
part of a sea or lake:
lo´ ok,d´ agat
be
v.
There is no real verb ”to be” inTagalog. He is rich:
May´ aman siy´ a.Siy´ a’y may´ aman. ”Ay” is only a lig-ature.
beach
n.
a sandy seaside:
apl´ aya,tab´ ing-d´ agat, bayb´ ayin, dalam-pas ´ igan
•
v.
to cause to run ashore:
isads´ ad
bean
n.
1
pod (kidney or lima)bean:
pat´ ani’, bin, bins
2
stringbean:
s ´ itaw
3
soybean:
bal´ atong
4
small type of kidney bean:
bitsuw´elas, habitsuw´elas
bear
v.
1
to endure or to be ableto endure:
magbat´ a’, mabat´ a’,batah ´ in, magti ´ is, tiis ´ in, pagtiis´ an,mapagtiis´ an
2
to carry or be ableto carry:
madal´ a, dalh ´ in, mak´ aya,kay´ ahin
beat
v.
1
to strike with hand, stick,slippers, etc:
pum´ alo’, mam´ alo’,pal´ uin, manghamp´ as, hampas ´ in
2
to beat with a club:
bumugb´ og,bugbug ´ in
3
to beat by poundingwith a stone, hammer, or heavypiece of wood:
pumukp´ ok, pukpuk ´ in
4
to beat to helplessness:
gumulp´ i,gulpih ´ in
5
to pulsate as the heartdoes:
tumib´ ok
6
to mix by beating:
magbat ´ i, bumat ´ i, batih ´ in
7
to defeat:
tum´ alo, tal´ unin
8
to be defeated:
mat´ alo
•
n.
1
the heart beat:
tib´ ok ng p´ uso’
2
the beat in music:
kump´ as, tiy´empo
beauty
n.
gand´ a, kagand´ ahan
beautiful
adj.
1
 very pleasing to thesenses or mind:
magand´ a
2
pretty:
marik ´ it
3
lovely:
ka ´ ibig-´ ibig
4
charm-ing:
maalind´ og, ka´ akit-´ akit
because
conj.
1
for the reason that:
sapagk´ a’t, pagk´ a’t, kas ´ i, sa dahil´ ang,d´ ahil sa
2
by reason of:
d´ ahil sa,dahil´ an sa
3
since, whereas, in asmuch as:
y´ amang, yay´ amang
4
forthis reason, for that reason, on thisaccount:
palibh´ asa
become
v.
1
to come to be:
mag ´ ing

bed 9 beside
2
suit, look well on:
bum´ agay
bed
n.
1
a resting place or bed:
k´ ama, k´ atre, hig´ aan, hihig´ an
2
a low, bamboo bed:
p´ apag
3
theground under a body of water:
il´ alim
bedroom
n.
tulug´ an, sil ´ id-tulug´ an
beetle
 n.
1
a coconut beetle (largeand black):
uw´ ang
2
a greenish bee-tle with golden back:
salagint´ o’
3
abeetle often found in mango trees:
salag´ ubang
beg
v.
1
to ask for alms:
mag-palim´ os, mamalim´ os, manghing ´ i’ ng lim´ os
2
to ask earnestly:
mag-maka´ awa’, ipagmaka´ awa’, sum´ amo’,magsum´ amo’, is´ amo’, maki´ usap,pakius´ apan
beggar
n.
one who lives by begging,a very poor person:
pul´ ubi
begin
v.
to start, commence:
magsimul´ a’, simul´ an, mag-umpis´ a,umpisah´ an
beginning
n.
1
the start, com-mencement, time when anythingbegins:
simul´ a’, pasimul´ a’, umpis´ a
2
origin, source:
pinagsimul´ an,pinagmul´ an, pinanggal ´ ingan
begrudge
v.
1
to envy:
maingg ´ it,kainggit´ an
2
to be reluctant togive:
magmaram´ ot, pagmaramut´ an,ipagmaram´ ot
3
to refuse:
magka ´ it,pagkait´ an, ipagka ´ it
behead
v.
to cut off the head:
pum´ ugot ng ´ ulo, pug´ utan ng ´ ulo
behind
prep.
 at the back of:
sa lik´ od ng, sa likur´ an ng
•
adv.
1
atthe rear:
sa hul ´ i (hulih´ an)
2
not toschedule:
hul ´ i, atras´ ado
belch
v.
1
to throw out gas fromthe stomach through the mouth:
dumigh´ ay, idigh´ ay
2
to throw outwith force:
magbug´ a, ibug´ a
•
n.
a throwing out of gas from thestomach, to burp:
digh´ ay, pagdigh´ ay
belief
n.
1
the act of believing:
paniw´ ala’
2
thing believed in:
pinaniniwal´ aan
3
spiritual faith:
pananampalat´ aya’
4
trust, confi-dence:
tiw´ ala’, pagtitiw´ ala’
5
anopinion:
palag´ ay, paniw´ ala’
believe
v.
to think something is trueor real:
maniw´ ala’, paniwal´ aan
belly
n.
1
the abdomen:
tiy´ an
2
lower abdomen:
pus´ on
belongings
n.
1
the things thatbelong to a person, possessions:
ar ´ i-ar ´ ian
2
property and money:
kabuh´ ayan, ar ´ i-ar ´ ian, pag-a´ ari’
beloved
adj/n.
someone held dear:
mah´ al, minamah´ al, g ´ iliw, ginig ´ iliw,sint´ a, sinisint´ a
below
adv.
1
beneath, down:
sa ibab´ a’
2
downstairs:
sa ibab´ a’, sa s ´ ilong, sa l´ upa’
•
prep.
underneath:
sa il´ alim ng...
belt
n.
1
for clothes:
sintur´ on
2
beltfor a machine:
kur´ea o kor´eya
•
v.
1
to put a belt on:
magsintur´ on, sin-turun´ an
2
to beat with a belt:
sin-turun ´ in
bend
v.
1
to bend down or forward,to stoop:
yumuk´ o’, iyuk´ o’
2
to bendsomething:
magbalukt´ ot, mabalukt´ ot,ibalukt´ ot, baluktut ´ in, magbalikuk´ o’,mabalikuk´ o’, ibalikuk´ o’, balikuku
´ in
3
to curve or shape by curving:
hum´ ubog, hub´ ugin
4
to bend orcurve as a road:
kumurb´ a, lumik´ o’
•
n.
a curve or turn:
k´ urba, lik´ o’
benefit
n.
1
profit:
pakin´ abang,kapakinab´ angan
2
advantage:
b´ uti,kabut ´ ihan, kaparar´ akan
3
a benefitshow:
benep´ isyo
•
v.
1
to be of benefit, to profit by:
mapakin´ abang,mapal´ a’, mahit´ a’
2
to do good to,to help:
makab´ uti, makat´ ulong
bent
adj.
1
crooked:
balukt´ ot,balikuk´ o’
2
in a stooping position,hunchback:
k´ uba’
3
determined:
disid ´ ido
beriberi
n.
an oriental diseasecaused by lack of vitamin B:
berib´eri, man´ as
beside
prep.
1
by the side of:
sa tab´ i..., sa p´ iling...
2
near, close to:
katab´ i, mal´ apit, kap´ iling, kas ´ iping,n´ asa tab´ i...
3
away from, not con-

bet 10 blow
cerning:
lab´ as, mal´ ayo’
•
v.
1
to bebeside:
sum ´ iping, is ´ iping, sip´ ingan,tumab´ i, itab´ i, tabih´ an
2
to put orplace beside:
itab´ i, is ´ iping
bet
n.
a wager:
pust´ a, pust´ ahan,tay´ a’
•
v.
1
to bet:
pumust´ a, pus-tah´ an, pust´ a
2
to bet with another:
magpust´ ahan, makipagpust´ ahan
betel
n.
the betel palm and also itsfruit:
b´ unga, ikm´ o’, ng´ anga’
betrothed
n.
a person engaged tobe married:
katip´ an
•
adj.
engaged:
magn´ obyo
beyond
prep.
1
on the other side of:
sa kabil´ a’ ng..., sa ib´ ayo ng...
2
laterthan, past:
lamp´ as, lagp´ as
3
out of reach, superior to:
di ab´ ot, di ma´ abot
big
adj.
 1
large:
malak ´ i
2
important:
mahalag´ a
bill
n.
1
an account:
kuw´enta,´ utang
2
a debt:
´ utang
3
a ban-knote, paper money:
salap´ ing pap´el,pap´el de b´ angko
4
a proposed law:
panuk´ alang-bat´ as
5
a handbill, no-tice:
patalast´ as, paun´ awa’, babal´ a’,kart´el
6
the beak of a bird:
tuk´ a’
•
v.
to send a bill to:
magpadal´ a ng kuw´enta, ipadal´ a ang kuw´enta,suming ´ il, maning ´ il, singil ´ in
billfold
n.
kart´era, portamon´eda
bird
n.
´ ibon
bitter
adj.
1
mapa ´ it
2
sour, such asvinegar, lemon juice, etc:
ma´ asim
3
acrid, tart:
mapakl´ a’
4
pungent:
maangh´ ang
5
bitter feeling, resent-ment, hurt:
 malak ´ ing sam´ a’ ng lo´ ob,g´ alit, hinanak ´ it
black
adj.
1
without any light,dark:
madil ´ im
2
unhappy, gloomy:
malungk´ ot
•
n/adj.
the opposite of white:
it ´ im, mait ´ im
•
n.
1
a blackperson:
it ´ im, n´egro
2
the absenceof light, darkness:
dil ´ im, kadilim´ an,kariml´ an
•
v.
1
to make black,to blacken:
magpait ´ im, itim ´ in,paitim ´ in, itim´ an
2
to wear black inmourning:
magluks´ a’
blackberries
n.
a small, black orpurple fruit:
blakb´eri, lumb´ oy, d´ uhat
blackboard
n.
dark, smooth surfacefor writing on:
pis´ ara
blacksmith
n.
1
a man who workswith iron:
pand´ ay
2
a worker in iron:
magbabak´ al
blast
n.
an explosion or the soundcaused by an explosion:
put´ ok, pag-put´ ok
•
v.
 to blow up (rocks, earth,etc) by dynamite:
magpas´ abog,pasab´ ugin
blaze
v.
1
to burn with bright flame:
magliy´ ab, pagliyab´ in
2
to burn witha small blaze or flame:
magd ´ ingas,dum ´ ingas
3
to blaze with anger:
mag-´ alab sa g´ alit
•
n.
1
a brightflame:
liy´ ab, d ´ ingas, n ´ ingas
2
thestate of being bright with flame:
pagdir ´ ingas, pagliliy´ ab, pag-a´ alab
bleed
v.
1
dumug´ o’, padugu ´ in
2
tobleed much:
magdug´ o’, dugu ´ in
3
totake blood from:
k´ unan ng dug´o’
blindfold
v.
to cover the eyes of:
magp´ iring
•
adj.
with the eyescovered:
nakap´ iring
blister
n.
small watery sack on theskin:
palt´ os
•
v.
to blister:
magpalt´ os
block
n.
1
a solid piece of wood,stone or the like:
 tip´ ak, bl´ oke
2
anobstruction:
sag´ abal, hadl´ ang
3
anumber of buildings close together:
bl´oke
•
v.
1
to fill up so as toprevent passage:
bumar´ a, barah´ an,mabarah´ an, magh´ arang, har´ angan,mahar´ angan
2
to stop, to im-pede:
pum ´ igil, pig ´ ilan, humadl´ ang,hadlang´ an
blood
n.
dug´ o’
blow
n.
1
a hit with the fist:
sunt´ ok,d´ agok
2
a blow with a whip or stick:
p´ alo’, hamp´ as, bugb´ og
3
the blowof the wind, sudden blow or gush:
´ ihip
•
v.
1
to give a blow, to strikewith the fist:
sumunt´ ok, suntuk ´ in
2
to strike or give a blow with awhip, stick, etc.:
pum´ alo, pal´ uin,humamp´ as, hampas ´ in, bumugb´ og,bugbug ´ in
3
to give a blow with theelbow and shoulder:
dag ´ ilin
4
togive a blow or nudge with the elbow:

blunder 11 bottom
sum ´ iko, sik´ uhin
5
to blow as thewind:
hum´ angin, hang ´ inin, hum ´ ihip,um ´ ihip
6
to be blown by the wind(as a small boat):
 hang ´ inin
blunder
n.
a stupid mistake:
kalok´ ohan, pagkakamal ´ i’
•
v.
tomake a stupid mistake:
magkamal ´ i’
blunt
adj.
1
not sharp:
mapur´ ol
2
less sharp:
pulp´ ol, pudp´ od
3
outspo-ken:
der´etso (tah´ as, tah´ asan) kung magsalit´ a’, tap´ atang magsalit´ a’
•
v.
1
to become less sharp:
pumur´ ol,mapulp´ ol
2
to make less sharp:
magpapur´ ol, papurul ´ in, pumulp´ ol,pulpul ´ in
blurred
adj.
dim, not clear:
mal´ abo’
boa
n.
a very large snake that is notpoisonous:
saw´ a
boastful
adj.
speaking too highlyabout oneself:
hamb´ og, pal´ alo’,may´ abang, mah´ angin
boil
n.
a red, painful swelling onthe body:
pigs´ a’
•
v.
1
to bubbleup and give off steam:
kumul´ o’
2
to cause to bubble up and steam:
magpakul´ o’, pakulu ´ in
3
to cook byboiling:
magl´ aga, il´ aga’, pakulu´ an
bold
adj.
1
brave (see ”brave”):
mat´ apang, malak´ as ang lo´ ob
2
venturesome:
pangah´ as, mapangah´ as
3
rude, impudent:
bast´ os
bolo
n.
a cutlass-like weapon com-mon in the Philippines:
g´ ulok, it´ ak
bond
n.
1
anything that binds:
bigk ´ is, g´ apos, t´ ali’, bukl´ od
2
a pris-oner’s bonds:
g´ apos, p´ osas
3
bail:
piy´ ansa
4
a guarantee:
garantiy´ a,panag´ ot
5
a pledge, pawn:
sangl´ a
6
a binding force, unity:
pagkakais´ a
7
a certificate given, esp. by agovernment, for money borrowed:
b´ ono
bonfire
n.
1
a fire built outdoors:
sig´ a’
2
to make a bonfire:
magsig´ a’,siga´ an
book
 n.
1
libr´ o, akl´ at
2
book of tick-ets:
libr´eta
•
v.
to reserve seats, etc.:
magres´erba, magpares´erba, ires´erba,magla´ an, ipagla´ an, paglaan´ an
boot
n.
a leather or rubber cover-ing for the foot and leg:
b´ ota
•
v.
1
to kick:
sum ´ ipa’, man ´ ipa’, sip´ ain,sum ´ ikad, man ´ ikad, sik´ aran
2
to puton boots:
magb´ ota, magsu´ ot ng b´ ota,isu´ ot ang b´ ota
bootblack
n.
a person who shinesboots and shoes:
limp´ iya-b´ ota,manlil ´ inis ng sap´ atos
border
n.
1
brink:
b´ ingit
2
amargin:
pal´ ugit
3
the side or edge of anything:
g ´ ilid, pag ´ ilid
4
boundary,frontier:
hangg´ anan
•
adj.
close to:
kalap´ it
bore
v.
1
to make a hole:
magb´ utas,bum´ utas, but´ asin, but´ asan
2
to tireor make one fed up:
 mayam´ ot, ya-mut ´ in, main ´ is, inis ´ in
3
to becomeimpatient or weary:
main ´ ip
bore
adj.
a tiresome or dull person:
nakayayam´ ot, nakasusuy´ a’
born
v.
brought forth:
ipinangan´ ak,isin ´ ilang
borrowed
adj.
to borrow:
hir´ am
boss
n.
1
the head:
p´ uno’
2
thechief:
h´epe
3
a foreman or man-ager:
tagapangas ´ iwa’, m´ anedyer,tagapamah´ ala’
•
v.
to be the bossof, direct, control:
mam´ uno’, pa-mun´ uan, mangas ´ iwa’, pangasiw´ aan,mamah´ ala’, pamahal´ aan, mag-pal´ akad, palak´
arin, magpat´ akbo’,patakbuh ´ in
bother
v.
1
to trouble, to disturb,to worry:
mang-ab´ ala, abal´ ahin,maab´ ala, mangg´ ulo, guluh ´ in, mang-ist´ orbo, istorbuh ´ in
2
to be acause of disturbance:
makaab´ ala,makaist´ orbo
3
to take the trouble:
mag-ab´ ala, pagkaabal´ ahan, mag-pakaab´ ala
•
n.
trouble, disturbance:
ab´ ala, mol´estiya, ist´ orbo
bottle
n.
b´ ote, bot´elya
•
 v.
toput into a bottle:
magb´ ote, ib´ ote,magsab´ ote, isab´ ote, maglag´ ay (ilag´ ay) sa b´ ote
bottom
n.
1
the lowest part:
k´ ailaliman, ang il´ alim, puw ´ it
2
theseat:
up´ uan
3
the source:
ug´ at,

bountiful 12 broil
pinagmul´ an
•
prep.
at the bottom:
sa il´ alim
bountiful
adj.
1
generous:
mapag-big´ ay, buk´ as ang p´ alad
2
plentiful,abundant:
sag´ ana’, masag´ ana’
bowl
n.
a hollow, rounded dish:
mangk´ ok, tas´ on, t´ asa
bow-legged
adj.
having the legscurved outward:
sak´ ang
box
n.
1
a blow with an open hand:
tamp´ al, samp´ al
2
a blow with afist:
sunt´ ok, bunt´ al
3
a blow at theback of the head, nape:
d´ agok
•
v.
1
to fight with fists:
magsunt´ ukan,makipagsunt´ ukan, makipagb´ oksing,magbunt´ alan, makipagbunt´ alan
2
to slap with open hand:
sumamp´ al,sampal ´ in (on the cheek), tumamp´ al,tampal ´ in
3
to punch:
sumunt´ ok,suntuk ´ in, bumoks ´ ing, boksing ´ in
bracelet
n.
an ornament wornaround the wrist:
puls´eras
braid
n.
a band formed by wearingstrands of hair:
tirint´ as
•
v.
to plaitthe hair:
magtirint´ as, tirintas ´ in, tir-intas´ an
branch
n.
1
of a tree or a river:
sang´ a
2
a small thorny branchof bamboo:
si ´ it
3
a branch of acompany:
sang´ ay
4
a branch of aroad:
sang´ ang-da´ an, sanganda´ an
•
v.
1
to divide:
magsang´ a
2
to putout branches as trees:
magsang´ a
brave
adj.
1
without fear, havingcourage:
mat´ apang
2
courageous,stout-hearted, plucky:
malak´ as ang lo´ ob
 3
heroic:
mag ´ iting
4
daring,bold, venturesome:
pangah´ as
•
v.
1
to dare:
mangah´ as, pangahas´ an
2
tomeet without fear:
maglak´ as-lo´ ob
bread
n.
tin´ apay
breadfruit
n.
r ´ imas
break
v.
1
to damage:
sum ´ ira’,mas ´ ira’, sir´ ain
2
to break intopieces, to smash:
dur´ ugin
3
tobe broken into pieces:
mad´ urog,magkadur´ ug-dur´ og, mab´ asag, magk-abas´ ag-bas´ ag
4
to break in two:
mabiy´ ak
5
to break apart, to snap:
mab´ ali’, bal ´ iin
6
to snap (off) asa stick, branch or stalk:
mabakl ´ i’,bakli ´ in
7
to snap, to break as stringor wire:
malag´ ot, lagut ´ in
8
to breakwith:
makipagkasir´ a’, magkasir´ a’,makipaghiwal´ ay, maghiwal´ ay
•
n.
1
a severing of relations:
pagkakasir´ a’
2
a break, as in a glass:
b´ asag,put´ ok, l´amat
3
an interruption:
t ´ igil, pagkat ´ igil, patl´ ang, pahing´ a,pagkapahing´ a
breast
n.
1
the chest:
dibd ´ ib
2
thepart or gland that gives milk:
s´ uso
breeze
n.
a gentle or soft wind:
s ´ imoy
bribery
n.
the act of bribing:
pags´ uhol, panun´ uhol, pagpapabags´ ak,pagpaparat ´ ing, lag´ ay
bridge
n.
1
a structure built over ariver, road, etc.:
tul´ ay
2
the bridgeof a ship:
platap´ orma
•
v.
to makea way over a river or anythingthat hinders:
magtul´ ay, tulay´ an,maglag´ ay (lagy´ an) ng tul´ ay
brigand
n.
a robber:
tulis´ an, man-daramb´ ong
bright
adj.
1
giving much light,clear:
maliw´ anag
2
vivid, as color:
matingk´ ad
3
clever:
matal ´ ino
4
gay,cheerful or lively:
 masay´ a, masigl´ a
5
shining, as metal surface like brass,or gold:
makin´ ang
6
sparkling (asstars):
maningn ´ ing
brilliant
adj.
1
very clever:
na-pakatal ´ ino
2
shining:
makin´ ang
3
sparkling as heavenly bodies, or jewels:
maningn ´ ing, nagniningn ´ ing,makisl´ ap, nangingisl´ ap
brim
n.
the edge of a cup or bowl:
l´ abi’, bib´ ig
bring
v.
1
to come with something:
magdal´ a, dalh ´ in, dalh´ an
2
to comewith a person:
mags´ ama, is´ ama
brittle
adj.
1
easily broken, asglass:
babasag ´ in, madal ´ ing mab´ asag
2
easily snapped:
madal ´ ing mab´ ali’,bal ´ iin, bakl ´ iin
3
crisp:
malut´ ong
broil
v.
to cook by exposing to flame:
mag-´ ihaw, i ´ ihaw, idar´ ang (sa ap´ oy,

broken 13 bundle
b´ aga)
broken
adj.
 1
in pieces (See”break”):
bas´ ag
2
out of order,damaged:
sir´ a’, may s ´ ira’
3
noteven (referring to ground):
hind ´ i’ p´ atag, bak´ u-bak´ o’
4
imperfectlyspoken:
mal ´ i-mal ´ ing magsalit´ a’
brooch
n.
an ornamental pin:
alpil´er, br´ otse
brook
n.
small stream:
s´ apa’, b´ atis
broth
n.
thin soup:
sab´ aw
brow
n.
1
forehead:
no´ o
2
eyebrow:
k ´ ilay
3
the edge of a deep place, topof a slope:
b´ ingit, g ´ ilid
brown
n/adj.
color like coffee:
kayumangg ´ i’
•
v.
1
to makebrown (as food):
tustah ´ in, papu-lah ´ in
2
to become brown:
mag ´ ing k´ ulay-kayumangg ´ i’ (-kap´e, -k´ aki),mangit ´ im
bruise
n.
contusion:
pas´ a’
 •
v.
to become bruised:
magkapas´ a’,magkaro´ on ng pas´ a’, malam´ og
brush
n.
1
a tool made of bristles,hair, etc. for cleaning:
sip´ ilyo, isk´ oba
2
toothbrush:
sip´ ilyo, sep´ ilyo (sa ng ´ ipin)
3
a shoe or clothes brush:
sip´ ilyo, sep´ ilyo (sa sap´ atos), isk´ oba
4
a paint brush (large):
br´ otsa,isk´ oba
5
an artist’s brush:
pins´el,p´ insel
6
a brushing, a rub with abrush:
pagsisip´ ilyo, pag-iisk´ oba
•
v.
to clean, rub, dust, etc., witha brush:
magsip´ ilyo, sipilyuh ´ in,mag-isk´ oba, iskob´ ahin
bucket
n.
a pail made of wood ormetal:
timb´ a’, bald´e
bud
n.
1
the beginning of a flower,fruit, etc.:
b´ uko
2
a small beginningof a branch or shoot:
s´ upang, usb´ ong
•
v.
1
to bud, to sprout:
mam´ uko,mag-usb´ ong
2
to sprout, such asseedlings:
sum ´ ibol
bugle
n.
a musical instrument:
korn´eta to be distinguished from kornet ´ in, trump´eta
build
v.
1
to make by puttingmaterials together:
gumaw´ a’, gaw ´ in,magtay´ o’, itay´ o’
2
to have a thingbuilt or erected:
magpagaw´ a’,ipagaw´ a’, magpatay´ o’, ipatay´ o’
•
n.
form, style:
any´o’, y´ ari’, h´ ugis,tay´ o’
building
n.
1
concrete structure foroffices or residential units:
gus´ ali’
2
act of constructing:
pagtatay´ o’,pagkay´ ari’, paggaw´ a’
bulb
n.
1
an electric bulb:
bomb´ ilya
2
bulb of a plant:
´ ulo, sib´ uyas,sinib´ uyas
bulge
n.
1
a protuberance orswelling:
umb´ ok, tamb´ ok, usl ´ i’
2
bulge of the cheeks:
tamb´ ok ng pisng ´ i
3
bulge of the eyes:
usl ´ i’, luw´ a’
4
bulge of the stomach:
umb´ ok,tamb´ ok, bund´ at
•
v.
to bulge(according to above meanings):
umumb´ ok, tumamb´ ok, umusl ´ i’
bull
n.
the male of cattle:
t´ oro
bullfighter
n.
tor´ero, toread´ or
bump
v.
1
to collide with or comeagainst with force:
bumangg´ a’, ma-bangg´ a’, bangga ´ in, magkabangg´ aan,bumungg´ o’, mabungg´ o’, bunggu ´
in,bumund´ ol, mabund´ ol, bundul ´ in
2
to bump the head:
maunt´ og
•
n.
aswelling:
b´ ukol
bunch
n.
1
a group of things (nogeneral term; different specific termsare used); a bunch of bananas:
buw ´ ig
2
of grapes, etc.:
kump´ ol
3
of flowers:
kump´ ol, tungk´ os
4
of leaves:
kump´ ol, tungk´os, tangk´ as
5
of people:
lip´ on, langk´ ay
6
of thieves:
pangk´ at
7
bouquet of flow-ers:
pump´ on ng mga bulakl´ ak, buk´ey
•
v.
to come or press closer together:
magsiks ´ ikan, magkump´ ul-kump´ ol
bundle
n.
1
a number of thingswrapped together:
bal´ utan
2
anumber of things loosely wrappedin cloth, etc.:
bungk´ os
 3
a numberof things tied together as firewood,sugar cane, etc.:
bigk ´ is
4
a baleor large bundle:
bast´ a, pald´ o
5
asmall pile (heap) tied together:
talaks´ an, tungk´ os
•
v.
1
to wrap up:
magb´ alot, bal´ utin, magbast´ a, basta ´ in

buoy 14 calculate
2
to tie up:
magbigk ´ is, bigkis ´ in,magbungk´ os, bungkus ´ in
buoy
n.
1
a floating marker:
pal´ utang, b´oya
2
life buoy:
sal-bab´ ida, timb´ ulan
3
to buoy up,to hold up or keep from sinking:
magpal´ utang, lum´ utang, palut´ angin
burial
n.
act of burying:
lib´ ing,paglilib´ ing
burn
v.
1
to be on fire:
mas´ unog,masil´ ab
2
to set on fire:
sum´ unog,man´ unog, sun´ ugin, sumil´ ab, silab´ an
3
to burn fiercely, to be blazing:
magliy´ ab, papagliyab´ in
4
to injureor be injured by burning:
map´ aso’,pas´ uin
5
to burn with fever:
 mag-ap´ oy sa lagn´ at, apuy ´ in ng lagn´ at
6
to be completely burnt:
matup´ ok,mag ´ ing ab´ o
7
to burn with emotion:
mag-´ alab, pag-al´ abin
8
to burnincense:
magsu´ ob, suub´ in
9
to burnout as a light bulb:
mapund ´ i
•
n.
aburn, injury caused by fire or heat:
p´ aso’, s´ unog
bury
v.
1
to place in a grave:
maglib´ ing, ilib´ ing
2
to be buried orget buried:
malib´ ing
3
to arrange afuneral:
magpalib´ ing, ipalib´ ing
4
tocover (esp. with earth):
magba´ on,iba´ on
businessman (-woman)
n.
a manor woman in business:
negosy´ ante,komersy´ ante, mangangal´ akal
busy
adj.
1
having plenty to do:
mar´ aming ginagaw´ a’ (gaw´ ain),matrab´ aho, b´ ising-b´ isi
2
occupied:
okup´ ado, abal´ a, abal´ ang-abal´ a
but
conj.
on the other hand:
ng´ uni’t,datapuw´ a’t, sub´ alit, p´ero, k´ undi’
butcher
n.
1
a person whoslaughters animals for market:
 man-gang´ atay
2
one who only dresses themeat:
magkakat´ay (m´ angangatay,manlalap´ a) ng karn´e, b´ aboy, etc.
3
a dealer in meat:
magkakarn´e,magkak´ arne
•
v.
1
to slaughter:
magpat´ ay, pumat´ ay, patay ´ in
2
todress meat:
magl´ apa’, lum´ apa’,lap´ ain, magk´ atay, kum´ atay, kat´ ayin
butt
n.
1
end that is left, shortpiece:
natir´ a, kap´ utol na na ´ iwan (natir´ a)
2
stub of a cigarette:
up´ os,b´eha
3
stub of a cigar:
up´ os (ng tab´ ako), b´eha
4
object or target:
paks´ a’, t´ arget
5
aim:
l´ ayon lay´ unin
•
v.
1
to push with the head (as agoat):
sumuw´ ag, manuw´ ag, suwag ´ in
2
to bump with the head in boxing,etc.:
mang-´ ulo, ul´ uhin, sumuw´ ag,manuw´ ag, suwag ´ in
3
to butt in, tomeddle:
sumab´ ad, makial´ am
butter
n.
mantik ´ ilya
•
v.
to putbutter on:
mantikilyah´ an, lagy´ an ng mantik ´ ilya
butterfly
 n.
parupar´ o
buttocks
n.
rump:
pig ´ i’, puw ´ it,puwit´ an
buttonhole
n.
uh´ ales
buy
v.
1
to get by paying a price:
bumil ´ i, bilh ´ in
2
to buy something foranother:
ibil ´ i
3
to buy from:
bumil ´ i sa, bilh´ an
C
cab
n.
a taxi:
t´ aksi
cabbage
n.
a vegetable:
rep´ olyo
cabinet
n.
1
a piece of furniture forstoring things in:
k´ abinet, aparad´ or
2
one used for displaying articles:
iskapar´ ate
3
a body of advisers to aruler of a nation:
gabin´ete
cable
n.
1
strong, thick rope made of wire:
k´ able
2
a message sent acrossthe sea by cable:
kablegr´ ama
cadence
n.
rhythm:
 ind´ ayog,tiy´empo, r ´ itmo
cage
n.
1
gen. term:
kul´ ungan
2
for birds:
h´ awla
3
for chickens:
tangk´ al
•
v.
to put or keep in acage:
magh´ awla, ih´ awla, maglag´ ay (ilag´ ay) sa h´ awla, magkul´ ong,ikul´ ong, magtangk´ al, itangk´ al
calculate
v.
1
to estimate:
ku-malkul´ a, kalkulah ´ in, tumantiy´ a,tantiyah ´ in, tumay´ a’, tayah ´ in
2
tointend:
sumady´ a’, sadya ´ in, tumik ´ is,

call 15 capture
tikis ´ in
call
v.
1
to summon (by calling):
tum´ awag, taw´ agin, taw´ agan
2
toname:
magpang´ alan, ipang´ alan,pangal´ anan, it´ awag, taw´ agin
3
tocall the attention of:
taw´ agan ng pans ´ in
4
to call up, to telephone:
tumel´epono, teleponoh´ an
5
to callout, to shout:
sumig´ aw, humiy´ aw
•
n.
a call, shout:
t´ awag, sig´ aw
calm
adj.
 1
quiet:
tah ´ imik, k´ alma,pay´ apa’, k´ alma
2
not afraid:
hind ´ i’ tak´ ot
3
not nervous:
hind ´ i’ ninen´erbiyos
4
peaceful, un-troubled:
matiwas´ ay, tiwas´ ay
•
v.
1
to pacify or make calm:
magpatah ´ imik, patahim ´ ikin, mag-papay´ apa’, pumay´ apa’, payap´ ain,papayap´ ain
2
to calm one who isangry:
magpahin´ ahon, pahinah´ unin,magpalam ´ ig ng ´ ulo, palamig ´ in ang ´ ulo
3
to calm one who is nervous orafraid:
magpapan´ atag ng lo´ ob, pa-panat´ agin ang lo´ ob
4
to set at rest:
magpatiwas´ ay, itiwas´ay, patiwasay ´ in
5
to be or become calm accordingto meanings above:
tumah ´ imik,pumay´ apa’, hum´ upa’, puman´ atag,lumam ´ ig ang ´ ulo, magl´ ubag ang lo´ ob, tumiwas´
ay
•
n.
1
quietness,stillness:
katahim ´ ikan
2
ease of mind:
hin´ ahon, kahinah´ unan
camera
n.
k´ amera, K´ odak
camp
n.
1
k´ ampo
2
a stoppingplace:
kampam´ento, himp´ ilan
•
v.
to pitch tents and stay there for atime:
 magk´ ampo
campaign
n.
1
a planned course of action:
kamp´ anya, kilus´ an
2
a mil-itary engagement:
laban´ an
•
v.
toserve in a campaign:
magkamp´ anya,kumamp´ anya, kampanyah ´ in
can
v.
1
to be able:
rendered by maka- and ma- prefixes or by maa´ ari’ or puw´ede with the infini-tive
2
to know how to:
mar´ unong,maal´ am
can
n.
a container:
l´ ata
•
v.
to pre-serve in an airtight can:
magsal´ ata,isal´ ata
canal
n.
bamb´ ang, kan´ al
cancel
v.
1
to erase, to remove:
mag-al ´ is, alis ´ in
2
to wipe out, to abolish:
magpawal´ ang-b´ isa’, pawal´ ang b´ isa’,kumansel´ a, kanselah ´ in, kumalt´ as,kaltas ´ in
3
to recall or withdraw:
bum´ awi’, baw ´ iin, mag-´ urong, i´ urong
4
to cancel (pay) a debt:
magb´ ayad ng ´ utang, bay´ aran ang ´ utang
candidate
n.
kandid´ ato
candle
n.
 kand ´ ila’
candlestick
n.
kandel´ero
candy
n.
k´endi
cane
n.
1
a stick used as an aid inwalking:
bast´ on, tungk´ od
2
sugarcane:
tub´ o
•
v.
to beat with a cane:
bumast´ on, bastun ´ in
canned
adj.
preserved in a can:
del´ ata
canteen
n.
1
a small container tocarry water:
kant ´ in
2
place wherefood and drink are sold:
kant ´ ina,kant ´ in
canvas
n.
a strong, coarse cloth:
k´ anbas, k´ ambas, l´ ona, t´ olda
cap
n.
1
a covering for the head:
g´ ora
2
a covering for a bottle:
tak ´ ip,panak ´ ip ng b´ ote
cape
n.
1
a garment, withoutsleeves, covering the shoulders:
k´ apa, bal´ abal
2
a point of landextending into the water:
l´ ungos,t´ angos
capsize
v.
1
to overturn:
tuma´ ob,mata´ ob
2
to cause to overturn:
magta´ ob, ita´ ob, maita´ ob
capsule
n.
a small case or covering:
k´ apsula
captain
n.
an army or navy officer:
kapit´ an
capture
v.
1
to make prisoner:
bum ´ ihag, mab´ ihag, bih´ agin
2
toarrest:
dumak ´ ip, dakp´ in, hum´ uli,hul ´ ihin
•
n.
1
act of capturing:
pagh´ uli, pagb´ ihag, pagdak ´ ip
2
beingcaptured:
pagkab´ ihag, pagkah´ uli,pagkadak ´ ip
3
manner of hav-ing been captured:
pagkakah´ uli,

car 16 cast
pagkakab´ ihag, pagkakadak ´ ip
car
n.
1
´ awto, a´ uto, k´ otse
2
freightcar:
bag´ on
3
funeral car:
k´ aro (ng pat´ ay)
carabao
n.
 1
water buffalo:
kalab´ aw
2
a male carabao:
dam´ ulag
card
n.
1
a postcard:
p´ oskard,tarh´eta post´ al
2
playing card:
bar´ aha
3
a visiting card:
tarh´eta
care
v.
1
to look after:
mag-al´ aga’,alag´ aan, mang-al´ aga’, pangalag´ aan,tuming ´ in, tingn´ an
2
to protect,to have custody of:
kumal ´ inga’,kaling´ ain
3
to rear or provide for:
mag-amp´ on, ampun ´ in, mag-arug´ a’,aruga ´ in
4
to support:
magsust´ento,sustentuh ´ in
5
to solicitously takecare of one in need:
magkand ´ ili,kumand ´ ili, kandil ´ ihin
6
to careabout, to be concerned about,etc.:
mag-intind ´ i, intindih ´ in, mag-asik´ aso, asikas´ uhin
7
to take care,to be careful:
mag-´ ingat, ing´ atan,pag-ing´ atan
•
n.
1
thought orthoughtfulness:
pag-aala´ ala
2
worry:
pagkabal ´ isa
3
attention:
pag-iintind ´ i,pag-aasik´ aso
 4
charge:
pamamah´ ala’
5
love:
pagmamah´ al
6
looking after:
pag-aal´ aga’, pag-aarug´ a’
7
beingcareful:
pag-i ´ ingat, kaing´ atan
career
n.
1
occupation, profession:
kar´era, tungk´ ulin
2
a life or period of notable achievement:
matagump´ ay na b´ uhay
•
v.
to run at full speed, torush wildly:
kumar´era, magpatik´ ad,sumib´ ad ng takb´ o
cargo
n.
freight, load:
karg´ a,kargam´ento, karg´ ada
careful
adj.
cautious, showing care:
ma ´ ingat
carefulness
n.
being careful:
´ ingat,pag-i ´ ingat, pagkama ´ ingat, kaing´ atan
careless
adj.
1
without care orattention:
hind ´ i’ ma ´ ingat, wal´ ang ´ ingat, pabay´ a’, mapagpabay´ a’
2
notthinking or watching what one isdoing:
hind ´ i’ isinasalo´ ob ang gina-gaw´ a’, wal´ a’ sa lo´ ob ang ginagaw´ a’
3
neglectful:
pabay´ a’, mapagpabay´ a’
4
not caring or troubling:
halagh´ ag,busals´ al
caress
 v.
1
to touch or strokelovingly or tenderly:
humapl´ os (haplus ´ in) nang bu´ ong pagmamah´ al,hum´ agod, hag´ urin, kumar ´ inyo,kumariny´ o,
karinyuh ´ in, hum ´ imas,him´ asin
2
to embrace tenderly:
yum´ akap (yak´ apin) nang bu´ ong pagmamah´ al
carnival
n.
a place of amusementhaving merry-go-rounds, games,etc.:
karnab´ al
carpenter
n.
karpint´ero, alw´ agi, an-luw´ agi
carpet
n.
heavy woven fabric usedfor covering floors:
alp´ ombra, k´ arpet
•
v.
to cover with a carpet:
alpom-brah´ an, lat´ agan ng alp´ ombra
carriage
n.
1
a vehicle:
karw´ ahe
2
bearing:
´ asta, tind ´ ig, b´ ikas, t ´ ikas
3
the actual carrying:
pagdadal´ a
carry
v.
1
to bring:
magdal´ a, dalh ´ in
2
to be carried away:
matang´ ay,madal´ a
3
to be carried away(overcome) by passion:
mada ´ ig,matang´ ay
4
to carry a cross, tobear a burden:
magpas´ an ng krus,pasan ´ in ang krus, magti ´ is, tiis ´ in
cart
n.
1
one-seat vehicle for two anddrawn by a horse:
kal´esa, karom´ ata
2
a two-seat vehicle for four to sixpassengers, also drawn by a horse:
karit´ela
3
one drawn by a carabao:
karit´ on
cash
n.
ready money:
p´era, kuw´ arta,kuw´ alta, salap´ i’
•
v.
1
to changeinto cash, to get cash for:
magpa-pal ´ it, papalit´ an, ipal ´ it (ng salap´ i’),kuwaltah ´ in, kuwartah ´ in
2
to givecash for :
palit´ an
casket
n.
1
a small box for jewels,etc.:
kah ´ ita
2
a coffin:
kab´ aong, ata´ ul
cast
v.
1
to throw:
magh´ agis, ih´ agis,iits´ a, magpuk´ ol, ipuk´ ol
2
to castaway, to banish:
magt´ apon, it´ apon
3
to drive out:
magpal´ ayas, palay´ asin
•
n.
1
a throw:
h´ agis, puk´ ol, bat´ o,its´ a
2
a thing molded:
m´ olde
3

castigation 17 chain
actors in a play:
mga art ´ ista, ta´ uhan ng dul´ a’
castigation
n.
a punishment:
par´ usa, pagpapar´ usa, kast ´ igo,pagkast ´ igo
castle
n.
kast ´ ilyo
cat
n.
1
p´ usa’
2
a wild cat:
m´ usang
catch
v.
1
to take and hold, cap-ture:
hum´ uli, hul ´ ihin, dumak ´ ip,dakp´ in
2
to hold out the hands tocatch something:
sumal´ o, saluh ´ in,sumamb´ ot, sambut ´ in
3
to catch adisease, to be infected:
mah´ awa,mahaw´ ahan,
4
to overtake:
um´ abot,ab´ utan
5
to catch a train, bus,truck, etc.:
sumak´ ay, saky´ an
•
n.
1
act of catching, e.g., a ball:
sal´ o,pagsal´ o, samb´ ot, pagsamb´ ot
2
thingthat is caught:
h´ uli
caterpillar
n.
h ´ igad, ´ uod
Catholic
adj.
1
kat´ oliko/a
2
universal:
panlah´ at, pandaigd ´ ig,pansansinukob, pansansinukuban
•
n.
a member of the CatholicChurch:
kat´oliko/a
cause
n.
1
a reason:
dahil´ an,sanh ´ i’
2
a justification:
katuw ´ iran,dahil´ an
3
welfare, good:
kapakan´ an,kabut ´ ihan, kagal ´ ingan
4
origin,start:
pag-simul´ an, pag-umpisah´ an
•
v.
1
to cause, to be the cause of:
mag ´ ing dahil´ an, mabig´ ay, bigy´ an,magd´ ulot, dul´ utan
2
to create:
lumikh´ a’, likha ´ in
cave
n.
a hollow beneath the earth’ssurface:
kuw´eba
cease
v.
to stop:
magt ´ igil, tum ´ igil,it ´ igil, maghint´ o’, humint´ o’, ihint´ o’,tum´ ahan
ceiling
n.
1
the interior uppersurface of the room:
k ´ isame
2
amaximum limit:
sukd´ ulang ta´ as,kaita´ asan, talukt´ ok
cellar
n.
an underground storageroom:
bod´ega sa ilalim ng l´ upa’
celebrate
v.
to observe with specialactivities:
magd ´ iwang, ipagd ´ iwang
cell
 n.
1
a prison cell:
sil ´ id-pi ´ itan,sil ´ id sa bilangg´ uan
2
a small roomas in a convent:
s´elda
3
a plant oranimal cell:
s´elula
cement
n/adj.
1
sim´ento
2
any-thing applied soft which hardens tomake things stick together:
p´ asta,pam´ asta
•
v.
1
to fasten withcement or paste:
magp´ asta, ip´ asta,pastah´ an, magsim´ento, isim´ento,simentuh´ an
2
to spread (cement)over:
magsim´ento, simentuh´ an,magl´ atag (lat´ agan) ng sim´ento
cement mixer
n.
pangh´ alo’ ng sem´ento
cemetery
n.
a graveyard:
se-ment´eryo, kampus´ anto, lib´ ingan,pantiy´ on
center
n.
1
the middle:
gitn´ a’, kalag-itn´ aan, s´entro
2
principal point orplace:
s´entro
3
center of attraction:
tamp´ ok, tamp´ ukan, tamp´ ulan
•
v.
1
to place in the center:
igitn´ a’, ipag-itn´ a’, is´entro
2
to be centered:
ma-pagitn´ a’
centre football
n.
one of the foot-ball players:
gitn´ a’ pasul´ ong
centre halfback
n.
gitn´ a’ kalah´ ati’ sa l ´ ikod
century
n.
a period of one hundredyears:
s ´ iglo, is´ ang da´ ang ta´ on,danta´ on
ceremony
n.
1
formal act or set of acts prescribed by ritual or custom:
serem´ onya
2
a rite, observance:
pagdir ´ iwang
3
very polite conduct:
pamimit´ agan
certain
adj.
1
sure:
tiy´ ak, sigur´ ado,p´ iho, pih´ ado
2
true:
toto´ o, t´ unay
•
v.
to be certain:
matiy´ ak, makatiy´ ak,masig´ uro
certificate
n.
a written statementthat may be used as proof:
sert ´ ipiko,katib´ ayan, katun´ ayan
certify
v.
to declare something trueor coorect:
magpat´ unay, patun´ ayan,magpatoto´ o
chaff
n.
1
the husk of a cereal:
ip´ a
2
the broken-up or powdered husk:
dar´ ak
chain
n.
1
a row of links joined

chair 18 chase
together:
kad´ena, tanikal´ a’
2
linkof a chain:
kaw ´ ing
•
v.
1
to fastenwith a chain:
magkad´ena, ikad´ena,magtanikal´ a’,
2
to bind, to restrain:
magg´ apos, ig´ apos, gap´ usin
chair
n.
1
a single seat with a back:
s ´ ilya, tabur´ete, upu´ an, lukl´ ukan,likm´ uan
2
a wheel chair:
s ´ ilyang may gul´ ong
3
a rocking chair:
s ´ ilyang t´ umba-t´ umba
chalk
n.
y´eso, ts´ ok, t ´ isa’
•
v.
tochalk up chalk up, to list:
ital´ a’,ilist´ a, is´ ulat
challenge
n.
1
an invitation to agame or contest:
h´ amon, pagh´ amon,r´eto
2
an objection:
t´ utol, pagt´ utol
•
v.
to invite to a contest:
hum´ amon,ham´ unin
champion
n.
 1
a winner:
kampe´ on,tsampiy´ on, manan´ alo
2
a defender,an advocate of:
tagapagtangg´ ol
chance
n.
1
an opportunity:
pagkak´ ataon
2
luck, fortune:
p´ alad,kapal´ aran, suw´erte
3
a possibility:
pag-´ asa
•
v.
1
to happen, to occuraccidentally:
magkata´ on
2
to coin-cide:
mata´ on
3
by chance:
sa is´ ang pagkakata´ on, hind ´ i’ sinasady´ a’,nagkata´ on
4
to take a chance:
makipags´ apalaran, magbakasak´ ali’
•
adj.
1
not expected:
hind ´ i’ in-aas´ ahan
2
accidental, unintentional:
nagk´ ataon, hind ´ i’ sinasady´ a’
change
v.
1
to become different,make different:
magb´ ago, bum´ ago,mab´ ago, bag´ uhin, papagbag´ uhin,mag-ib´ a, ibah ´ in, m´ aiba
2
to changeone’s life:
magb´ agong-b´ uhay
3
tochange one’s clothes:
magb´ ihis,magpal ´ it ng dam ´ it
4
 to changeone thing for another:
magpal ´ it,ipagpal ´ it, palit´ an
5
to transfer:
maglip´ at, il ´ ipat, lum ´ ipat
•
n.
1
thechange (after a purchase):
sukl ´ i’
2
small loose money:
bary´ a
3
actof changing, e.g., conditions orcircumstance:
pagbab´ ago, pag-iib´ a
chapel
n.
a place of worship subor-dinate to church:
kap´ ilya
chaperon
n.
ts´ aperon, kas´ ama
characterize
v.
to distinguish:
mag-pakil´ ala, makil´ ala, ipakil´ ala
charcoal
n.
a black porous materialmade by burning wood in an airlesskiln:
´ uling
charge
v.
1
to ask as a price,put a price on:
suming ´ il, singil ´ in,maghalag´ a, halagah´ an, mag-pab´ ayad, papagbay´ arin
2
to putdown as a bet:
ilist´ a,
3
to attack:
sumal´ akay, salak´ ayin, lum´ usob,lus´ ubin, umat´ ake, atak ´ ihin, du-mal´ uhong, daluh´ ungin
4
to order:
mag-´ utos, ut´ usan, i´ utos
5
to chargein court:
magsakd´ al, isakd´ al, magh-abl´ a, ihabl´ a
6
to accuse someoneof:
magbint´ ang, pagbintang´ an, mag-par´ atang, parat´ angan
 7
to have, orbe in charge of:
mamah´ ala’, pama-hal´ aan, mangal´ aga’, pangalag´ aan,mag-al´ aga’, alag´ aan
•
n.
1
a price:
halag´ a, sing ´ il, b´ ayad
2
a duty ortask:
tungk´ ulin
3
a criminal charge:
sakd´ al, habl´ a
4
command:
´ utos
5
custody, care:
bah´ ala’, al´ aga’,pag-aal´ aga’
6
a responsibility:
pananag´ utan, sag´ utin
7
an attack:
sal´ akay, pagsal´ akay, l´ usob, pagl´ usob,dal´ uhong, pagdal´ uhong
charm
n.
1
a quality which delights:
panghal ´ ina, pang-´ akit, alind´ og
2
anamulet to avert evil, etc.:
anting-ant ´ ing, gal ´ ing
3
a love charm,potion:
gay´ uma, panggay´ uma
•
v.
1
to please greatly, delight:
magpalug´ od, makalug´ od, ikalug´ od
2
to fascinate:
humal ´ ina, makahal ´ ina,mahal ´ ina, halin´ ahin
3
to bewitchas by a charm:
manggay´ uma, gu-may´ uma, makagay´ uma, gayum´ ahin,mambigh´ ani, bumigh´ ani, mak-abigh´ ani,
bighan ´ iin
4
to attract:
mang-´ akit, um´ akit, mak´ aakit, ak ´ itin
charming
adj.
1
delightful:
kalug´ ud-lug´ od
2
fascinating:
kahal ´ i-hal ´ ina
3
very attractive:
ka´ akit-´akit
chase
v.
1
to run after:
hum´ abol,hab´ ulin, hum´ agad, hag´ arin, tum´ ugis,

chaste 19 choose
tug ´ isin
2
to drive away:
magpal´ ayas,palay´ asin, magtab´ oy, itab´ oy
chaste
adj.
1
pure in moral sense:
mal ´ inis
2
modest:
mahinh ´ in
cheap
adj.
1
costing little:
m´ ura
2
of inferior quality:
mumurah ´ in
3
low:
mab´ abang ´ uri’
•
v.
1
to feel smallor inferior (to feel cheap):
manli ´ it,papanliit ´ in
2
to feel ashamed (to feelcheap):
mahiy´ a’, mapahiy´ a’
cheat
n.
1
a deceiver:
magdar´ aya’,manlilinl´ ang
2
swindler:
manun´ uba’
•
v.
1
to defraud or trick:
magd´ aya’,day´ ain
2
to fool, beguile:
luminl´ ang,manlinl´ ang, linlang ´ in, manl´ oko,lum´ oko, lok´ ohin
3
to swindle:
man´ uba’, sub´ ain
check
n.
1
cheque, bank orderfor cash:
ts´eke
2
a mark:
tsek
3
something which retrains orstops:
pamp´ igil, pampat ´ igil
•
v.
1
to restrain:
pum ´ igil, pig ´ ilin
2
tocause to stop:
magpat ´ igil, patig ´ ilin,magpahint´ o’, pahintu ´ in
3
to mark:
magmark´ a, markah´ an, magtand´ a’,tanda´ an
4
to correct or review:
magrep´ aso, repas´ uhin
5
to examine,scrutinize:
magsiy´ asat, siyas´ atin
cheek
n.
1
pisng ´ i
 2
impudence:
pagkabast´ os, kabastus´ an
cheerful
adj.
1
happy:
masay´ a, ma-lig´ aya
2
joyful:
tuw´ ang-tuw´ a’, gal´ ak na gal´ ak
3
whole-hearted, willing,cordial:
bu´ ong p´ uso’, malug´ od,ta´ os-p´ uso’
4
pleasant:
ka´ aya-´ aya
cheese
n.
1
a solid food preparedfrom milk curd:
k´eso
2
ball of cheese:
k´eso de b´ ola
chef
n.
a chief cook:
p´ uno’ ng mga kusin´ero
chest
n.
1
part of the body enclosedby the ribs:
dibd ´ ib
2
the breast of fowls or animals:
pits´ o
3
a largewooden trunk:
kab´an
4
a box:
kah´ on
5
chest of drawers:
aparad´ or
chew
v.
1
masticate, to crush orgrind with the teeth:
ngumuy´ a’,nguya ´ in, ngumat´ a’, ngata ´ in
 2
tochew sugar cane:
magpang´ os ng tub´ o, pangus ´ in ang tub´ o
3
to chewbetel nut:
ngum´ anga’, ngang´ ain
4
to crunch, crush noisily:
ngumal´ ot,ngalut ´ in
chicken
n.
1
fowl:
man´ ok, s ´ isiw
2
rooster:
tand´ ang
3
a young rooster:
k´ atyaw, t´ atyaw
4
a rooster thatfights in a cockpit:
sasabung ´ in
5
hen:
inah ´ ing man´ ok
6
a young hen:
dumal´ agang man´ ok
7
wild chicken:
lab´ uyo’
chief
n.
leader:
p´ uno’, h´epe
•
adj.
principal, most important:
pinakamahalag´ a, mahalag´ a sa lah´ at,pangun´ ahin, import´ ante
child
n.
a young boy or girl:
b´ ata’
children
n.
1
sons and daughters:
mga an´ ak
2
boys and girls:
 mga b´ ata’
chill
n.
a sensation of cold withfever:
ng ´ iki, gin´ aw
•
v.
1
to catcha chill, to shiver with cold:
man-galigk ´ ig, kaligkig ´ in, magkang ´ iki,ngik ´ ihin
2
to become cold, feel cold:
magin´ aw, ginaw ´ in
3
to make cold:
magpalam ´ ig, palamig ´ in
chilly
adj.
1
cold:
magin´ aw,malam ´ ig
2
to feel chilly or cold:
magin´ aw, ginaw ´ in
chimney
n.
a passage throughwhich smoke escapes from afireplace:
tsimin´ea, pausuk´ an
chin
n.
1
the central portion of thelower jaw:
b´ aba’
2
double-chin:
k´ abil,kamb´ al na b´ aba’, d´ oble b´ aba’
Chinese
n.
a native of China:
Ints ´ ik,Ins ´ ik
chipped
adj.
may p´ ingas, may tapy´ as
chisel
n.
tool for carving:
pa ´ it
v.
tocarve:
magpa ´ it, pait ´ in
chivalrous
 adj.
1
knightly, gallant:
gal´ ante
2
honorable:
marang´ al
3
brave:
mat´ apang
chocolate
n.
roasted and ground ca-cao seeds, a candy or beverage madefrom this:
tsokol´ ate, sikul´ ate
choose
v.
1
to select:
pum ´ ili’,mam ´ ili’, pil ´ iin, hum ´ irang, hir´ angin

chop 20 class
2
to decide:
magpasiy´ a, pasiyah´ an
chop
v.
1
to cut with blows:
magp´ utol, pum´ utol, put´ ulin
2
to cutwith an ax:
magpalak´ ol, palakul ´ in
3
to cut with a ”bolo”:
tumag´ a’,taga ´ in, tumagp´ as, tagpas ´ in
4
to cutwith a sickle or ”bolo”:
magt´ abas,tum´ abas, tab´ asin
5
to cut or splitwood for firewood, as with anax:
magsib´ ak, sumib´ ak, sibak ´ in,magpalak´ ol, pumalak´ ol, palakul ´ in
6
to cut into small pieces as firewood,with a ”bolo”:
magtil´ ad, tumil´ ad,tilar ´ in
7
to cut by chopping intofine pieces, as meat, vegetables, etc.:
magtadt´ ad, tumadt´ ad, tadtar ´ in
chopper
n.
a tool for chopping:
 pan-tadt´ ad
chopping board
n.
a piece of boardfor chopping:
sangk´ alan
chopsticks
n.
small sticks used bythe Chinese to raise food to themouth:
s ´ ipit ng Ints ´ ik
chorus
n.
group of singers who singtogether:
k´ oro
chosen
adj.
picked out:
pin ´ ili’,nap´ ili’, hin ´ irang, nah ´ irang
Christmas
n.
Pask´ o
•
v.
1
to askfor a Christmas gift:
mamask´ o
2
to give a Christmas gift:
magpa-pask´ o, magp´ apasko, papaskuh´ an,mag-agin´ aldo, agin´ alduhan
3
tospend Christmas:
magpask´ o
chrysalis
n.
pupa:
b´ ahay-´ uod
chuck
v.
1
to tap, to pat with thepalm of the hand:
tumap´ ik, tapik ´ in
2
to tap with the tip of the finger:
kumalab´ it, kalabit ´ in
3
to throw,to toss:
magpuk´ ol, ipuk´ ol, bumat´ o,ibat´ o, magh´ agis, hum´ agis, ih´ agis
church
n.
1
simb´ ahan
2
 for Protes-tant worship:
samb´ ahan
•
v.
togo to church:
magsimb´ a, sumimb´ a,sumamb´ a
churchyard
n.
the enclosure in frontof the church:
p´ atyo
cigar
n.
tobacco leaves rolled into acylinder for smoking:
tab´ ako, sig´ aro,ab´ ano
cigarette
n.
1
sigar ´ ilyo
2
to smoke acigarette:
magsigar ´ ilyo, manigar ´ ilyo,humit ´ it ng sigar ´ ilyo
cigarette lighter
n.
pan ´ indi ng sigar ´ ilyo
cinema
n.
1
a moving picture:
s ´ ine, pel ´ ikula
2
the cinema theatre:
sineh´ an, s ´ ine
circle
n.
a closed curve everywhereequidistant from a central point:
bil´ og
•
v.
1
to move in a circle:
um ´ ikot, lum ´ igid
2
to enclose ina circle, to surround:
pumal ´ igid,palig ´ iran, puma ´ ikot, paik´ utan
circumcise
v.
magtul ´ i’, tum´ uli’,tul ´ iin
circumcision
n.
pagtut´ uli’
circumference
 n.
the distancearound the circle:
pal ´ igid, kabil´ ugan
citizen
n.
mamamay´ an
city
n.
lungs´ od, luns´ od, siyud´ ad
civility
n.
politeness, courtesy:
pagkamapit´ agan, pagkamag´ alang
clam
n.
somewhat like an oyster:
kaby´ a, luk´ an, p´ aros
clap
n.
1
the sound of hands strucktogether, also the act of making thesound:
palakp´ ak
2
a clap of thunder:
tun´ og (put´ ok) ng kul´ og
3
a quickblow with the open hand:
tamp´ al
•
v.
to applaud by clapping hands:
pumalakp´ ak, palakpak´ an
clasp
v.
1
to clasp both hands to-gether:
pagdaup´ in
2
to hold tightlywith the hand:
hum´ awak nang (haw´ akan ng) mahigp´ it, pumis ´ il,pisil ´ in
3
to hold with the arm orarms:
yumap´ os, yapus ´ in
4
to em-brace:
yum´ akap, yak´ apin, yumap´ os,yapus ´ in
5
to fasten together with aclasp:
mag-´ ipit, ip´ itan, ip´ itin
•
n.
 1
an embrace:
yap´ os, pagkakayap´ os,y´ akap, pagkakay´ akap
2
holdingtightly by the hand:
mahigp´ it na pagh´ awak (pagkakah´ awak), pagpis ´ il
3
a fastener (such as on a necklace):
k´ awit
class
n.
1
a group of pupils taughttogether:
kl´ ase
2
kind:
kl´ ase, ´ uri’
3

classroom 21 clump
type:
t ´ ipo
classroom
n.
a schoolroom:
sil ´ id-aral´ an
claw
n.
1
a sharp, hooked nail onthe foot of a bird or animal:
kuk´ o
2
pincer of a lobster:
s ´ ipit
•
v.
to scratch, tear, seize or pull withthe claws:
mangalm´ ot, kumalm´ ot,kalmut ´ in
clay
n.
sticky earth which hardenswhen it is baked:
lu´ ad, luw´ ad
clean
adj.
1
without dirt:
mal ´ inis
2
pure:
dal ´ isay
 3
without moral fault:
mal ´ inis
•
v.
1
to free from dirt, soilor impurities:
magl ´ inis
2
to becomeclean:
lum ´ inis
cleaning
n.
act of freeing from dirt,etc.:
l ´ inis, paglil ´ inis
clear
adj.
1
bright:
maliw´ anag
2
transparent, as of liquids:
mal ´ inaw
3
certain:
tiy´ ak
4
free from impurity,defect, etc.:
dal ´ isay
•
v.
1
to becomebright:
magliw´ anag, lumiw´ anag
2
to make clear, to clarify:
liwan´ agin,ipaliw´ anag, palin´ awin, ipal ´ inaw
3
toremove obstacles:
mag-al ´ is (alis´ an)ng sag´ abal (h´ alang), alis ´ in ang sag´ abal (h´ alang)
clerk
n.
1
a person employed inoffice work:
klerk, Eskriby´ente,kaw´ ani’
2
salesman, saleswoman:
despatsad´ or, despatsad´ ora
clever
adj.
1
 bright, intelligent,talented:
matal ´ ino
2
keen, sharp:
mat´ alas
3
skillful:
san´ ay, bihas´ a,bih´ asa
4
tricky (coll):
t´ uso
client
n.
1
person for whom a lawyeracts:
kliy´ente
2
regular customer:
s´ uki’, paroky´ ano
cliff
n.
a steep slope of rock or clay,etc.:
matar ´ ik na dalisd ´ is
climb
v.
1
to go up by means of hands or feet, or with some effort:
umaky´ at, akyat ´ in
2
to climb down,to descend:
bumab´ a’
clinic
n.
a place for medical treat-ment:
kl ´ inika, dispens´ aryo
clip
v.
1
to trim or cut (with scissorsor shears):
gumup´ it, gupit ´ in, gupit´ an
2
to hold or grip tightly with a clip:
magkl ´ ip, klip´ an, ikl ´ ip, ikab´ it
•
n.
1
paper clip:
klip
2
clip for the hair:
´ ipit, s ´ ipit, klip
clock
n.
instrument for telling time:
rel´ o, rel´ os, oras´ an
close
v.
1
to shut:
magsar´ a, isar´ a,sarh´ an, magp´ inid, ip´ inid
2
to bringto an end, to conclude, to termi-nate:
magtap´ os, tum´ apos, tap´ usin,mat´ apos, magwak´ as, wakas´ an
3
to come or bring close together,to join:
magl´ apat, lum´ apat, il´ apat,paglap´ atin, magt ´ ikom, tum ´ ikom,it ´ ikom, isar´ a, sarh´ an, magsar´ a
4
toclose the eyes:
pumik ´ it, ipik ´ it
5
tocome close:
lum´ apit
6
to close down:
magsar´ a (isar´ a, sarh´ an)
•
adj.
1
near:
mal´ apit, magkalap´ it (for two),magkakalap´ it
2
nearly equal:
h´ alos par´eho, hind ´ i’ nagkak´ alamangan,m´ ahigpitan
3
narrow, with littlespace:
mak ´ ipit
4
intimate:
mat´ alik,malap´ it
5
not open:
sar´ ado,nakap´ inid
•
n.
the end:
wak´as,pagwawak´ as, pagtatap´ os, katapus´ an
closet
n.
a small room for storagepurposes:
mali ´ it na (munt ´ ing) sil ´ id,disp´ensa, aparad´ or
cloth
n.
 material made from wool,silk, linen, etc.:
k´ ayo, t´ela
clothe
v.
to put clothes on, coverwith clothes, dress:
magdam ´ it,damit´ an, damt´ an
clothesbrush
n.
sip´ ilyo ng dam ´ it
clothesline
n.
a line for hangingclothes on to dry:
samp´ ayan
clothing
n.
dam ´ it, pananam ´ it
cloud
n.
´ ulap
clown
n.
1
a person who makespeople laugh by tricks and jokes:
pay´ aso, k´ omiko, komik´ero
2
a jester:
luk´ ayo, lak´ ayo, b´ ubo
3
a fool (in amild sense):
b´ obo/a, l´ oko/a
club
n.
1
an association:
kapis´ anan,samah´ an, klub
2
policeman’s baton:
bat´ uta’, panggar´ ote
clump
n.
1
a lump:
tigk´ al, kimp´ al
2
a cluster:
kump´ ol
3
a dull sound, as

clutch 22 collect
of tramping:
tagukt´ ok
clutch
v.
to seize with the hands,snatch:
sumungg´ ab, sunggab´ an,dumakm´ a’, dakma ´ in, dumakm´ al,dakmal ´ in, hum´ awak (haw´ akan)nang
mahigp´ it
•
n.
1
a tight grasp:
mahigp´ it na h´ awak
2
a machinedevice:
klats
coach
n.
1
trainer:
tagas´ anay
2
arairoad carriage:
k´ otse
•
v.
1
toteach:
magt´ uro’, tur´ uan
2
to trainor practice someone in something:
sum´ anay, san´ ayin
coat
n.
1
outer garment withsleeves:
Amerik´ ana
2
a layer of something that covers a surface:
p´ ahid, m´ ano
•
v.
1
to cover with alayer:
magp´ ahid, pah ´ iran
2
to weara coat:
mag-amerik´ ana
coat hanger
n.
sabit´ an ng Amerik´ ana
cob
 n.
center part of an ear of corn:
b´ usal
cobweb
n.
spider’s web:
b´ ahay ng gagamb´ a, ´ agiw
cock
n.
a rooster:
tand´ ang
•
v.
topull back the hammer of a gun:
magkas´ a, kumas´ a, ikas´ a, magbusl´ og,buslug ´ in
cockfight
n.
s´ abong
•
v.
to playor bet in a cockfight:
mags´ abong,s´ abong
cocktail
n.
an alcoholic mixed drink:
k´ aktel, k´ akteyl
cocktail shaker
n.
pangkal´ og ng ´ alak
cockpit
n.
sabung´ an
cockroach
n.
´ ipis
coconut
n.
1
general term for co-conut:
niy´ og
2
rare type of coconutused for preserves:
makapun´ o’
3
the young coconut:
b´ uko, m´ ura
4
coconut husk:
bun´ ot
5
coconutmilk:
 gat´ a’
6
coconut oil:
lang ´ is ng niy´ og
7
coconut plantation:
niy´ ugan
8
coconut shell:
b´ ao
9
coconutpreserve made from coconut milk:
lat ´ ik
10
coconut toffee:
buk´ayo’
codfish
n.
bakal´ aw
coffee
n.
kap´e
coffee pot
n.
the pot where coffeeis boiled or cooked:
lutu´ an ng kap´e,kapet´era, kapit´era
coffee table
n.
m´esang kapeh´ an
coffin
n.
kab´ aong, ata´ ul
coil
n.
a ring or series of ringsformed by winding:
r´ olyo
•
v.
to wind around something (e.g.a stick):
pumul´ upot, ipul´ upot,mamul´ upot, um ´ ikid, i ´ ikid
coin
n.
a piece of metal money:
sins ´ ilyo, bary´ a, bar ´ iya
coincide
v.
1
to occur at the sametime:
mapasab´ ay, magkasab´ ay,mapata´ on, magkata´ on, matap´ at,magkatap´ at
2
to correspond ex-actly:
 magk´ apareho, m´ akapareho,magkat´ ulad, m´ akatulad
colander
n.
kol´ ander
cold
adj.
1
having a low tempera-ture:
malam ´ ig
2
chilly:
magin´ aw
3
lacking interest, indifferent:
wal´ ang sigl´ a, malam ´ ig
•
n.
1
low temper-ature:
lam ´ ig
2
a kind of sickness:
sip´ on
•
v.
1
to feel cold:
magin´ aw,ginaw ´ in
2
to be cold or indifferentto someone:
manlam ´ ig
3
to have thechills:
manlam ´ ig, lamig ´ in
coldness
n.
1
condition of beingcold physically:
kalamig´ an, pagka-malam ´ ig
2
indifference, lack of interest:
pagkawal´ ang-bahal´ a’, may kalamig´ an sa pakikit´ ungo’
3
lackingenthusiasm:
kawal´ ang-sigl´ a’
collapse
v.
1
to cave in or fall, asa building:
gum´ uho’, bumags´ ak,matib´ ag
2
 to break down:
magib´ a’
3
to fall down through weakness,also to be overcome with grief:
m´ alugmok, mahand´ usay
4
to loseconsciousness:
himatay ´ in, mawal´ an ng m´ alay-t´ ao
•
n.
a falling in orcaving in:
pagguh´ o’, pagkagib´ a’,pagkatib´ ag, pagbags´ ak
collar
n.
1
part of a shirt, dress orcoat:
kuw´elyo
2
collar for animals:
kuly´ ar
•
v.
to capture:
dumak ´ ip,dakp´ in, madak ´ ip, sunggab´ an

collection 23 commission
collect
v.
1
to bring together,gather:
magt ´ ipon, tip´ unin, mag ´ ipon,ip´ unin
2
to come together, to as-semble:
magkalipump´ on, magkat ´ ipon
3
to accumulate:
ma ´ ipon, mat ´ ipon,dum´ ami
4
to demand payment, asfor a bill:
maning ´ il, singil ´ in
5
tosolicit, as contributions:
manghing ´ i’
collection
n.
1
act of collecting orgathering things:
pagtit ´ ipon, pag-i ´ ipon
2
act of collecting payments of debts, taxes, etc.:
 panining ´ il
3
actof collecting contributions and thelike:
panging ´ ilak, panghihing ´ i’ (ng ab´ uloy)
4
the collection taken up,eg., in church:
kol´ekta, koleksiy´ on
collide
v.
1
to hit or strike violentlytogether:
magkabangg´ aan
2
to rushagainst something stationary:
bu-mangg´ a’, mabangg´ a’, mapabangg´ a’,bangga ´ in, ibangg´ a’
3
to bump eachother accidentally:
magkabungg´ uan
4
to clash (in a conflict):
magl´ aban,magkal´ aban, makipagl´ aban, may laban´ an
collision
n.
1
violent rushingagainst:
pagbangg´ a’, pagkabangg´ a’ pagkakabangg´ a’
2
hitting or strikingviolently together (both mov-ing):
bangg´ aan, bungg´ uan
3
clash,conflict:
laban´ an
color
n.
k´ ulay, kol´ or, kul´ or
•
v.
to give color to, paint:
magk´ ulay,kul´ ayan, magkol´ or, magkul´ or,kolor´ an, magpint´ a, pintah´ an
comb
n.
1
ordinary comb for thehair:
sukl´ ay
2
comb with fine teeth:
s´ uyod
3
ornamental comb:
payn´eta
4
 comb of a fowl:
p´ along
combat
n.
1
a fight, struggle:
l´ aban,laban´ an, paglal´ aban
2
a battle:
pagbab´ aka, paghah´ amok, pakikib´ aka
3
a combat against disease, pests,etc.:
pagpuks´ a’, pagsugp´ o’, pagb´ aka
•
v.
1
to fight, to struggle, tobattle:
lum´ aban, lab´ anan
2
to stop,to suppress, e.g. disease, pests,etc.:
pumuks´ a’, puksa ´ in, sumugp´ o’,sugpu ´ in
combine
v.
to join together:
mags´ ama, pagsam´ ahin, magh´ alo’,paghal´ uin, magtamb´ al, pagtambal ´ in
come
v.
1
to approach:
lum´ apit,lap´ itan, dumul´ og, dulug´ an
2
toarrive:
dumat ´ ing
3
to arrive intime, sequence or order:
sum´ apit,sap´ itin, dumat ´ ing
4
to attend:
dumal´ o, daluh´ an
5
to call a person:
hal ´ ina, hal ´ ika
6
to come along,to accompany:
sum´ ama, sam´ ahan,is´ ama
7
to come from:
mangg´ aling,g´ aling, magb´ uhat
8
to come here:
pumar ´ ito, paparit´ uhin
 9
to come in:
pum´ asok, pas´ ukin
10
to come out:
lumab´ as
comedy
n.
1
a light amusing play:
kom´edya
2
an amusing happening:
katatawan´ an
comic
adj.
amusing, funny:
nakakataw´ a, kataw´ a-taw´ a, k´ omiko/a
comic book
n.
funny stories told bypictures:
k´ omiks, mga katatawan´ an
comfortable
adj.
1
affording com-fort:
maginh´ awa, nakagiginh´ awa
2
to feel comfortable with someone:
makapalag´ ayang-lo´ ob
command
n.
1
an order, a bid-ding:
´ utos, m´ ando
2
authority,control:
kapangyar ´ ihan
•
v.
1
toorder:
mag-´ utos, ut´ usan, i´ utos,magm´ ando, m´ anduhan, im´ ando
2
to be in authority over:
mamah´ ala’,pamahal´ aan, magm´ ando, m´ anduhan
comment
n.
remark, criticism, ob-servation:
koment´ aryo, pun´ a, pans ´ in
commercial
 adj.
having to dowith trade or business:
pangkal´ akal,komersiy´ al
commission
n.
1
a group of personswith authority:
komisy´ on, l´ upon
2
agent’s compensation:
komisy´ on,porsiy´ento, kapart´e
3
the doing of something:
paggaw´ a’, pagkagaw´ a’
•
v.
1
to give a person the right orpower to do something:
magbig´ ay (bigy´ an) ng karapat´ an (kapang-yar ´ ihan)
2
to order or impose aduty:
mag-´ atas, at´ asan, mag-´ utos,

commit 24 compliment
ut´ usan
3
to put into active service:
iserb´ isyo
commit
v.
1
to give in trust:
magkatiw´ ala’, ipagkatiw´ ala’
2
to bind or involve (oneself) inany course of action, to pledge:
mang´ ako’, ipang´ ako’, magpasiy´ a,ipasiy´ a
3
to commit to jail:
ibi-langg´ o’, ipabilangg´ o’, ip´ asok sa bilangg´ uan, ikul´ ong
4
to commit toan institution:
ip´ asok, ikul´ ong
committee
n.
group of persons ap-pointed or elected:
l´ upon, komit´e
common
adj.
1
ordinary, notspecial:
 karan ´ iwan, pangkaran ´ iwan
2
customary, usual:
kaugali´ an,nakaugali´ an
3
popular:
palas´ ak,lag´ anap, popul´ ar
4
belonging to allin a group:
panlah´ at, p´ ara sa lah´ at
5
public:
pangmadl´ a’, pamb´ ayan
6
below ordinary, mean, low:
mab´ aba’,h´ amak
7
widespread:
lag´ anap, kal´ at
common sense
n.
good sense in ev-eryday affairs:
sent ´ ido kom´ un, lik´ as na pagkuk´ uro-k´ uro’, ´ isip
communication
n.
giving infor-mation:
pagpapahat ´ id ng balit´ a’,pagbabalit´ a’, pagbibig´ ay-al´ am,pagpapatalast´ as
communism
n.
komun ´ ismo
companion
n.
1
one who ac-companies another:
kas´ ama
2
an officemate, roommate, etc.:
kasamah´ an
3
one of a pair, mate:
kap´ ares, kapar´eha, katamb´ al
company
n.
1
a business firm:
kompany´ a, kompan ´ iya, b´ ahay-kal´ akal
2
companions:
mga kas´ ama (kasamah´ an, kabark´ ada)
3
guest orvisitor:
 pana´ uhin, bis ´ ita, d´ alaw
compare
v.
1
to liken or compareone with another:
maghamb´ ing,ihamb´ ing, magt´ ulad, it´ ulad,magp´ aris, ip´ aris
2
to comparetwo things together:
paghambing ´ in,pagtul´ arin, pagpar ´ isin
3
beyondcompare:
wal´ ang kat´ ulad, wal´ ang kap´ aris, wal´ ang kahamb´ ing
compatible
adj.
agreeing, ableto exist together:
magkasuw´ ato,magkaugm´ a’, magkasund´ o’,magkab´ agay, magkabag´ ang
compete
v.
1
to take part ina contest:
lumah´ ok (sumali)sa paligs´ ahan, magpaligs´ ahan,makipagpaligs´ ahan
2
to contend:
magl´ aban
competence
n.
ability:
kakayah´ an
competition
n.
1
contest:
paligs´ ahan, timpal´ ak
2
competitionin business:
kompet´ensiya
3
decla-mation contest:
timpal´ ak-bigk´ asan
4
poetical joust:
balagt´ asan
5
beautycontest:
timpal´ ak-kagand´ ahan
6
a physical struggle:
paglalaban´ an,laban´ an
complain
v.
1
 to talk about one’spains, trouble, etc.:
duma ´ ing, ida ´ ing
2
to say something is wrong, tofind fault:
magsumb´ ong, ipag-sumb´ ong, isumb´ ong, magrekl´ amo,ipagrekl´ amo, irekl´ amo
3
to makea formal accusation (commonlyexpressed in Eng. by ”to file acomplaint”):
magsakd´ al, isakd´ al,magdem´ anda, idem´ anda
complaint
n.
1
complaint:
da ´ ing
2
finding fault:
rekl´ amo, sumb´ ong
3
accusation:
par´ atang
4
a formalaccusation:
sakd´ al, dem´ anda, habl´ a
5
expression of pain, grief, etc.:
da ´ ing, hina ´ ing
complete
adj.
1
with all parts,whole, entire:
bu´ o’, lah´ at
2
perfect,thorough:
gan´ ap, lub´ os
3
finished,ended:
tap´ os na, nat´ apos na, yar ´ i’ na
•
v.
1
to finish:
tum´ apos,mat´ apos, tap´ usin
2
to make wholeor perfect:
bumu´ o, buu ´ in
3
tocomplete, make up full amount:
hustuh ´ in, ihust´ o
completely
adv.
1
entirely, wholly:
lub´ os, lub´ usan, lah´ at, lah´ atan
2
thor-oughly, perfectly:
lub´ os, gan´ ap
complexion
n.
general appearanceof the skin:
k´ utis, k´ ulay (ng bal´ at)
compliment
n.
1
praise:
pap´ uri’
2
greetings:
b´ ati’, pagb´ ati’
•
v.
1
to

comprehend 25 confusion
praise:
pum´ uri’, pur ´ ihin
2
to con-gratulate:
bum´ ati’, bat ´ iin
comprehend
v.
to understand:
umun´ awa’, unaw´ ain, maunaw´ aan,mawat´ asan, umintind ´ i, intindih ´ in,maintindih´ an
compress
v.
1
to flatten by pres-sure:
magpikp´ ik, pumikp´ ik, pikpik ´ in,pis´ a’, pinis´ a’
2
to make shorteror briefer, as a story or novel:
magpaikl ´ i’, paikli ´ in
3
to makecompact (e.g. contents of a basket,etc.):
magsiks ´ ik, sumiks ´ ik, masiks ´ ik,siksik ´ in
4
to compress by squeezing:
magpig´ a’, pumig´ a’, piga ´ in
•
n.
apad of wet cloth applied to the bodyin sickness:
pom´ento, pam´ento
compute
 v.
1
to do by arith-metic:
magtu´ os, tumutu´ os, tuus ´ in,magkuwenta, kumuwenta, kuwen-tah ´ in
2
to calculate:
kalkulah ´ in,tantiyah ´ in
concave
adj.
hollow and curve:
maluk´ ong, hungk´ ag
concentrate
v.
1
to pay close at-tention to:
humar´ ap (harap´ in) nang lub´ usan
2
to think on with atten-tion:
pag-is ´ ipang mab´ uti (matam´ an)
3
to bring together to one place:
magtipon, magkat ´ ipon, tip´ unin,mags´ ama-s´ ama, pagsam´ a-sam´ ahin,pis´ anin
concern
n.
1
solicitude, interest:
malas´ akit, pagmamalas´ akit
2
anx-iety:
pagkabal ´ isa’, pag-aala´ ala’,pag-aalal´ a’, hind ´ i’ pagkapalag´ ay
3
duty:
tungk´ ulin, pananag´ utan
4
firm,business company:
b´ ahay-kal´ akal,kompaniy´ a, kompany´ a, sam´ ahan
•
v.
1
to worry:
mabah´ ala’, mag-ala´ ala, mag-alal´ a, mabal ´ isa’
2
tohave to do with:
magkaro´ on ng kinal´ aman sa
3
to whom it mayconcern:
sa kinauuk´ ulan
concert
n.
musical entertainment:
konsiy´erto, seren´ ata
conclusion
n.
1
end:
wak´ as, kata-pus´ an, konklusy´ on
2
opinion reachedby reasoning:
palag´ ay
3
a decisionor conviction:
pasiy´ a
conclude
v.
1
to finish, to end:
mag-tap´ os, mat´ apos, tum´ apos, tap´ usin,magwak´ as, wakas´ an
2
to come toan opinion:
magpalag´ ay, ipalag´ ay
3
to settle or arrange:
magpat ´ ibay,pagtib´ ayin
4
to decide or resolve:
magpasiy´ a, pasiyah´ an, ipasiy´ a
condiments
n.
something used togive flavor:
pampal´ asa
conductor
n.
1
guide or leader:
patn´ ubay, tagapatn´ ubay, g ´ iya, taga-pang´ una
2
band or orchestra leader:
kondukt´ or, patn´ ugot, banl ´ ider
3
ona train, bus, etc.:
kondukt´or
cone
n.
k´ ono, balisungs´ ong
conference
n.
1
meeting of inter-ested persons to discuss a particularsubject:
komper´ensiya, panay´ am,kapulung´ an
2
talking somethingover:
pakikipanay´ am, pagpapanay´ am,pagpup´ ulong, pakikipag-´ usap
confidence
n.
1
trust:
kompiy´ ansa,tiw´ ala’, pagtitiw´ ala’
2
courage:
t´ apang, katap´ angan, lak´ as ng lo´ ob
3
firm belief:
mat ´ ibay na paniniw´ ala’,tap´ at na panan´ alig
4
self-reliance:
pagtitiw´ ala’ sa sar ´ ili
5
secret:
l ´ ihim
conflagration
n.
a big fire:
malak ´ ing s´ unog
conform
v.
1
to act accordingto law or rule:
sumun´ od, sund ´ in,tumal ´ ima’, talim´ ahin, umalins´ unod,ialins´ unod
2
to be like or makelike:
tum´ ulad, mat´ ulad, tul´ aran,it´ ulad, umalins´ unod, maalins´ unod,ialins´ unod
confuse
v.
1
to perplex:
makatarant´ a,matarant´ a, tarantah ´ in, lumit´ o,makalit´ o, malit´ o, lituh ´ in, gumul´ o,makagul´ o,
magul´ o, guluh ´ in, magulu-mih´ anan
2
to mistake one thing foranother:
pagkamali´ an, ipagk´ amali,pagk´ amalan
confused
adj.
mixed-up, muddled:
magul´ o, naguguluh´ an, lit´ o, nal ´ ilito,tarant´ a, natatarant´ a
confusion
n.
1
mixed-up conditionof things, tumult:
gul´ o, kagul´ uhan,

congratulate 26 continue
pagkakagul´ o
 2
of the mind:
pagkalit´ o,pagkatarant´ a
congratulate
v.
to express one’spleasure at the good fortune of another:
bum´ ati’, bat ´ iin
congress
n.
a national law-making body:
kongr´eso, bat´ asang-pambans´ a’, kapulung´ ang-bans´ a’
congressman
n.
a member of the House of Representative:
rep-resent´ ante kinataw´ an, diput´ ado,kongres ´ ista
conquer
v.
1
to overcome by forceor effort:
gumah ´ is, gahis ´ in, magah ´ is,lum´ upig, lup´ igin, mal´ upig, mat´ alo,tal´ unin
2
to take in war, subjugate:
sum´ akop, mas´ akop, sak´ upin
3
toconquer a vice, etc.:
mapaglab´ anan,mas´ upil, sup´ ilin
4
to win a victoryover, to be successful:
magtagump´ ay,pagtagumpay´ an
5
to captivate, as byeloquence, etc.:
bum ´ ihag, mab´ ihag,bih´ agin, um´ akit, ma´ akit, ak ´ itin
conscience
n.
sense of right andwrong:
budh ´ i’, konsiy´ensiya
consciousness
n.
1
state of be-ing able to think, etc.:
m´ alay,m´ alay-t´ ao, ulir´ at
2
knowledge of:
pagkaal´ am, pagka´ alam, pagkabat ´ id
3
awareness of:
kamal´ ayan
consecrate
v.
1
to set apart assacred:
 konsagrah ´ in
2
to offer toGod:
mag-´ alay (i´ alay) sa Diy´ os,maghand´ og (ihand´ og) sa Diy´ os
3
to devote oneself to a purpose:
magla´ an, ila´ an, magtalag´ a, italag´ a
consequence
n.
result:
b´ unga,res´ ulta
conserve
v.
1
to preserve frombeing used up, as forests andsoil:
mag-al´ aga’, mangal´ aga’, pan-galag´ aan, alag´ aan
2
to preservefruits, etc.:
mag-imb´ ak, imbak ´ in
consideration
n.
1
thoughtfulnessfor others and their feelings:
kon-siderasy´ on, pagting ´ in, pag-iintind ´ i,pag-aala´ ala
2
thinking about things(in order to decide):
pag-i ´ isip,pagsasa´ alang-´ alang
console
v.
1
to comfort:
mag-al ´ iw,umal ´ iw, aliw ´ in
2
to commiserate:
makir´ amay
constant
adj.
1
always the same,not changing:
hind ´ i’ nagbab´ ago,palag ´ ian
2
continually happening:
pat´ uloy, pa´ ulit-´ ulit, wal´ ang t ´ igil,pan´ ay
3
faithful:
tap´ at, matap´ at
4
steady in purpose, resolute:
matat´ ag, mat ´ ibay, matimt ´ iman
5
persevering:
 matiyag´ a’
constipation
n.
a sluggish conditionof the bowels:
hind ´ i’ pagkadum ´ i, tib´ i
constitution
n.
1
nature, make-up (ref. to the human body):
pangangataw´ an
2
principles gov-erning a country:
sal ´ igang-bat´ as,konstitusy´on
construct
v.
1
to build:
magtay´ o’,tayu´ an, itay´ o’, yum´ ari’, yar ´ iin,gumaw´ a’, gaw ´ in
2
to put together:
magbu´ o, bumu´ o, buu ´ in
consul
n.
k´ onsul
consult
v.
1
to seek informationor advice from:
sumanggun ´ i’, sang-gun ´ iin, isanggun ´ i’, magkons´ ulta,kumons´ ulta, kons´ ultahin, pagkon-sultah´
an, ikons´ ulta
2
to seek theadvice of a doctor:
magpating ´ in,pating ´ in, patingn´ an, kumons´ ulta,magkons´ ulta, ikons´ ulta, konsultah ´ in
consumed
v.
1
to use up:
ma´ ubos,um´ ubos, ub´ usin, gum´ amit, mag´ amit,gam ´ itin
2
to burn up, to de-stroy:
tum´ upok, mat´ upok, tup´ ukin,lum´ amon, lam´ unin
3
to spend, waste(time, money, etc.):
mags´ ayang,say´ angin, mag-aksay´ a, aksayah ´ in
contents
n.
1
what is contained inanything:
lam´ an
2
what is writtenin a book or letter, what is said in aspeech:
 nilalam´ an
contest
n.
1
competition of skill:
paligs´ ahan
2
a beauty or literarycompetition:
timpal´ ak
3
fight orstruggle:
laban´ an, tunggal ´ ian
continent
n.
one of the seven greatmasses of land on the earth:
kon-tin´ente, lup´ alop

continous 27 copy
continue
v.
1
to keep on, keep up:
magpat´ uloy, magtul´ oy, itul´ oy, ipag-pat´ uloy
2
not to stop:
hind ´ i’ tum ´ igil
continous
adj.
1
without stop-ping:
wal´ ang t ´ igil, wal´ ang hint´ o’,tul´ oy-tul´ oy
2
without a gap orbreak:
wal´ ang patl´ ang, wal´ ang pat ´ id,wal´ ang lag´ ot
contraband
n.
smuggled (goods):
kontrab´ andong kal´ akal, palus´ ot na kal´ akal
•
adj.
against the law,prohibited:
lab´ ag sa bat´ as, b´ awal
contraceptive
n.
pagp´ igil ng b´ unga ng pagtat´ alik
contract
n.
agreement:
kasund´ uan,kontr´ ata
•
 v.
1
to make a contract:
makipagkasund´ o’, makipagkontr´ ata,kumontr´ ata, kontrat´ ahin
2
toacquire a disease:
magkasak ´ it
contract
v.
1
to become smaller:
lumi ´ it
2
to become shorter:
umikl ´ i’,um´ urong
3
to make shorter:
magpaikl ´ i’, paikli ´ in
contraction
n.
1
process of con-tracting:
pag-ikl ´ i’, pagpapaikl ´ i’,pagli ´ it, pagpapali ´ it, pag-´ urong
2
state of being contracted, becomingsmaller or shorter:
pagka´ urong,pagkaikl ´ i’, pagkali ´ it
3
somethingcontracted, a shortened form:
ang pinaikl ´ i’, b´ agay na pinaikl ´ i’
contradiction
n.
1
the act of contradicting:
pagpapasinung´ aling,pagpapabul´ aan, pagsalung´ at, pagt´ utol
2
disagreement, inconsistency:
pagsasalung´ atan, pagkakasalung´ atan
contrary
adj.
1
opposed, opposite:
l´ aban, kal´ aban, salung´at, kasalung´ at,k´ ontra, kak´ ontra
2
stubborn, oppos-ing:
palak´ ontra, palat´ utol
•
n.
theopposite:
ang kasalung´ at
control
v.
 1
to have in one’spower, to have authority over:
mamah´ ala’, pamahal´ aan
2
to holdback:
magp´ igil, pum ´ igil, pig ´ ilin
•
n.
1
power, authority:
kapangyar ´ ihan,pamamah´ ala’
2
holding back, re-straining:
pagpip´ igil, pagtitimp´ i’
3
means of restraint, check:
pang-hadl´ ang, pamp´ igil
4
birth control:
pagpip´ igil
contusion
n.
bruise:
pas´ a’
convent
n.
kumb´ento
conversation
n.
talk:
pag-u´ usap,us´ apan, pagsas´ alitaan, s´ alitaan
converse
v.
to talk:
mag-´ usap,makip´ ag-´ usap, pag-us´ apan, kaus´ apin
adj.
converse, opposite:
kasalung´ at,kabaligtar´ an, salung´ at
convex
adj.
curved out, like theoutside of a sphere or circle:
k´ ukob,luk´ ob umb´ ok, maumb´ ok, matamb´ ok,kuluk´ ob
convince
v.
1
to make a personfeel sure:
kumumbins ´ i, makumbins ´ i,kumbinsih ´ in
2
to persuade:
ma-pas´ ang-´ ayon, pas´ ang-ay´ unin,mahik´ ayat, humik´ ayat, hikay´ atin
3
 to make a person believe:
magpapaniw´ ala’, mapapaniw´ ala’,papaniwal´ ain
convulsion
n.
a violent contractingof the muscles, a fit:
kombulsiy´ on,pagkis´ ay, pangingis´ ay
cook
n.
person who cooks:
kusin´ero(male), kusin´era (female), taga-pagl´ uto’
•
v.
1
to prepare food byusing heat:
magl´ uto’, lut´ uin, il´ uto’
2
to cook rice (by boiling until thewater evaporates):
mags´ aing, is´ aing
cookies
n.
a small sweet cake:
k´ ukis
cool
adj.
1
somewhat or a littlecold:
malam ´ ig-lam ´ ig, pr´esko (Sp),m´edyo malam ´ ig
2
not excited, calm:
mahin´ ahon, tah ´ imik, malam ´ ig
•
n.
something cool:
lam ´ ig, kalamig´ an
•
v.
1
to become cool:
lumam ´ ig
2
tomake cool:
magpalam ´ ig, palamig ´ in
cooperate
v.
to help one another:
makipagtulung´ an, magtulung´ an
cooperation
n.
working together:
pagtutul´ ungan, pakikipagtulung´ an
copper
 n.
reddish metal:
tans´ o’,tumb´ aga
copra
n.
the dried meat of coconuts:
k´ opra, kalibk ´ ib
copy
n.
1
thing made to be just likeanother, reproduction:
k´ opya, s ´ ipi’,

coquette 28 counsel
duplik´ ado
2
a copy of a magazine,paper, etc.:
s ´ ipi’, b´ ilang
•
v.
1
tomake a copy of:
kum´ opya, kopyah ´ in,ik´ opya, sum ´ ipi’, sip´ iin
2
to imitate:
tum´ ulad, tul´ aran, pum´ aris, par ´ isan,gum´ aya, gay´ ahin
coquette
n.
a flirt (but not in a verybad sense):
bab´ aing kir ´ i’, bab´ aing halipar´ ot, al´embong
cord
n.
1
a thick, well-made string:
l´ ubid
2
twine:
p´ isi’
3
string:
l´eteng
4
electric cord:
kurd´ on
5
spinal cord:
gul´ ugod
cork
n.
stopper:
 tap´ on
•
v.
to cork:
magtap´ on, tapun´ an
corkscrew
n.
tool to pull corks outof bottles:
tribus´ on
corn
n.
1
Indian corn, maize:
ma ´ is
2
ear of corn:
p´ uso’ ng ma ´ is
3
toasted corn, popcorn:
binus´ ang ma ´ is, p´ apkorn
4
a hard growth onthe skin:
k´ alyo
corn cob
n.
b´ usal
corner
n.
1
of a room:
s´ ulok
2
place where two streets meet:
k´ anto,panul´ ukan
•
v.
1
to force into adifficult position:
map´ ikot, pum ´ ikot,pik´ utin, masuk´ ol
2
to buy up some-thing to raise its price:
mag-imp´ it,umump´ it, impit ´ in
cornstarch
n.
a starchy flour madefrom corn:
gawg´ aw (ng ma ´ is)
coronation
n.
crowning of a king ora queen:
koronasy´ on, pagpup´ utong ng kor´ ona
corporation
 n.
a group of personswith special rights and priveleges:
korporasy´ on
corral
n.
1
a pen for horses, cattle,etc:
kur´ al, kor´ al
2
fish corral:
bakl´ ad
correct
adj.
true, right:
t´ ama’,tump´ ak, wast´ o’
•
v.
1
to setright:
magtump´ ak, itump´ ak, mag-wast´ o’, iwast´ o’, magtuw ´ id, ituw ´ id,magt´ ama’, it´ ama’
2
to markmistakes in:
magkor´ek, korek ´ in,magmark´ a, markah´ an
3
to punish:
magpar´ usa, parus´ ahan
correction
n.
act of setting right:
pagtutuw ´ id, pagtut´ umpak, pag-wawast´ o’, pagkokor´ek
correspondence
n.
1
agreement:
pagkaka-´ ayon, pagkakais´ a
2
ex-change of letters:
pagsusulat´ an,pakikipagsulat´ an, pagliliham´ an
3
letters:
mga s´ ulat, mga l ´ iham
correspondent
n.
1
person who ex-changes letters with one another:
ka-sulat´ an, kaliham´ an
2
newspaper cor-respondent:
kabalita´ an
corridor
n.
 a long hallway:
korid´ or (Sp), pas ´ ilyo
corrode
v.
to eat away gradually:
k´ aning unt ´ i-unt ´ i’, agnas ´ in
corrupt
adj.
1
rotten:
bul´ ok
2
influenced by bribes:
nasusuh´ ulan
3
wicked:
makasal´ anan
v.
1
to makeevil:
magpasam´ a’, pasama ´ in
2
tobribe:
sum´ uhol, suh´ ulan
corsage
n.
bouquet worn on waist orshoulder:
kurs´ ads
corresponding
adj.
katug´ on,kaukul´ an
cost
n.
1
price paid:
halag´ a
2
at cost:
sa puh´ unan
•
v.
to be obtained atthe price of:
magkahalag´ a
costly
adj.
1
of great value:
ma-halag´ a, mamah´ alin
2
expensive:
mag´ astos, mag´ ugol
 3
costing much,dear:
mah´ al
costume
n.
1
outer dress:
dam ´ it,kasu´ utan
2
Filipina costume:
ang kasuut´ ang Pilip´ ina
3
street costume:
kasuut´ ang panl´ akad
cot
n.
a small light bed:
tih´eras
cottage cheese
n.
a soft whitecheese:
k´esong put ´ i’
cotton
n.
1
cotton wool:
b´ ulak
2
cot-ton thread:
sin´ ulid
couch
n.
a bed or sofa for sleep orrest:
sup´ a
•
v.
to lie hidden ready toattack:
mag-ab´ ang, magkubl ´ i, man-gubl ´ i, kumubl ´ i
cough
n.
act of coughing:
ub´ o, pag-ub´ o
•
v.
to cough:
umub´ o, ubuh ´ in
counsel
n.
1
advice:
p´ ayo
2
lawyeror group of lawyers:
abug´ ado omga ab´ ugado, mananangg´ ol o mga

counterfeit 29 cram
mananangg´ ol
•
v.
1
to give adviceto:
magp´ ayo, pay´ uhan, pagpay´ uhan
2
to give as advice:
ip´ ayo
3
to seekcounsel:
sumangg´ uni’, sanggun ´ iin,isangg´ uni’, huming ´ i’ (hing´ an,ihing ´ i’) ng p´ ayo
counterfeit
adj.
imitated, notgenuine:
huw´ ad, palsipik´ ado
•
v.
tocopy money, pictures, etc., in orderto deceive:
manghuw´ ad, humuw´ ad,huwar´ an, pumalsipik´ a, palsipikah ´ in
country
n.
1
a nation:
bans´ a’, b´ ayan
2
native land:
l´ upang-tinub´ uan,b´ ayang-tinub´ uan, in´ ang-b´ ayan
3
as contrasted with city, town orprovince:
prob´ insiya, lalaw ´ igan
coupon
n.
part of a ticket that givescertain rights:
kup´ on
courageous
adj.
fearless, brave:
mat´ apang, mag ´ iting, malak´ as ang lo´ ob
course
n.
1
series of studies:
k´ urso
2
direction taken:
da´ an, pagdara´ anan,dara´ anan, pinagdara´ anan
3
line of action, procedure:
hakb´ ang, para´ an
4
part of a meal served at one time:
put´ ahe
5
of course, surely, certainly:
talag´ a, tiy´ ak, mangy´ ari pa
court
n.
1
place where justice isadministered, tribunal:
huk´ uman,husg´ ado
2
Court of First Instance:
Huk´ umang Unang Dul´ ugan
3
Supreme Court:
Kata´ as-ta´ asang Huk´ uman, K´ orte Supr´ema
4
asovereign and his retinue:
k´ orte
5
space partly or wholly enclosedby walls or buildings:
p´ atyo
6
aplace marked off for a game:
lar´ uan,palar´ uan
•
v.
1
to seek the favor of,to try to please:
man´ uyo’, sum´ uyo’ suy´ uin
2
to court, to woo:
manl ´ igaw,lum ´ igaw, lig´ awan
courteous
adj.
well-mannered,respectful:
mag´ alang, mapit´ agan
courthouse
n.
a building in whichcourts of law are held:
huk´ uman
courtship
n.
to court, wooing:
panlil ´ igaw, pagl ´ igaw
cousin
n.
the son or daughter of one’s uncle or aunt:
p´ insan
cover
n.
1
cover of a book:
bal´ at,pabal´ at
2
cover of any container:
tak ´ ip, panak ´ ip
3
cover for pots:
tungt´ ong, sukl´ ob
4
wrapping:
b´ alot,pamb´ alot
•
v.
1
to put somethingover, to cover:
magtak ´ ip, takp´ an,itak ´ ip, magtakl´ ob, taklub´ an, itakl´ ob
2
to cover with earth:
magt´ abon,tab´ unan
3
to hide:
magkail´ a’, ikail´ a’,ipagkail´ a’, pagkaila´ an, magt´ ago’,it´ ago’, pagtag´ uan, magl ´ ihim, il ´ ihim,paglih
´ iman
4
to cover up one’smistakes:
magtak ´ ip, pagtakp´ an
covering
n.
1
anything that covers:
tak ´ ip, panak ´ ip, sukl´ ob, panukl´ ob,takl´ ob, panakl´ ob
2
a covering fora woman’s head:
talukb´ ong, b´elo,pand´ ong
cow
n.
a dairy animal that providesmilk:
b´ aka
coward
n/adj.
one who lackscourage, fearful, timid:
duw´ ag,mah ´ ina’ ang lo´ ob
cowboy
n.
 k´ oboy
cowhide
n.
the hide of a cow:
bal´ at ng b´ aka, k´ atad
cowshed
n.
silung´ an ng b´ aka
cozy
adj.
warm and comfortable.(No exact equivalent):
ginh´ awa’,maginh´ awa’
crab
n.
water animal:
alim´ ango,alim´ asag, talangk´ a’
crack
n.
1
a split in crockery orglass:
l´ amat, b´ asag
2
a sudden,sharp noise:
hagin ´ it, lagit ´ ik, lagut´ ok
3
split or fissure in stone, wood, etc.:
put´ ok, bit´ ak
•
v.
1
to cause to makea sudden, sharp noise:
magpahagin ´ it,pahagin ´ itin, magpalagit ´ ik, palagi-tik ´ in
2
to break without separatinginto parts:
magkal´ amat
3
to breakwith a sharp noise:
lumagut´ ok
cradle
n.
1
crib:
d´ uyan, k´ una
2
the place where anything begins itsgrowth:
sinil´ angan, pinagmul´ an
cram
v.
1
to force into, to forcedown, to stuff:
magsiks ´ ik, siksik´ an,siksik ´ in, isiks ´ ik
2
to fill or be filled

cramp 30 cross
too full:
mapun´ o’ nang (punu ´ ing)mab´ uti, siksik ´ in
cramp
n.
1
to study intensivelybefore an exam:
magpuy´ at (sa pag-a´ aral)
2
sudden, painful contractingof the muscles from chill or strain:
pul ´ ikat, kal´ ambre
3
to be seized withcramps:
magkapul ´ ikat, pulik´ atin,magkakal´ ambre, kalambrih ´ in
crane
n.
machine for lifting heavyweights:
gr´ ua, kreyn
cranky
adj.
irritable:
magagalit ´ in,ma ´ init ang ´ ulo, mas´ ungit
crash
n.
1
a sudden loud noise:
la-gap´ ak, kalab´ og
2
the violent strikingof one solid thing against another:
salp´ ukan, bangg´ aan
•
v.
to fall withforce:
bumags´ ak, lumagp´ ak
crate
n.
a large box:
malak ´ ing kah´ on
crater
n.
opening of a volcano:
bun-gang´ a’ ng bulk´ an
crave
v.
to long for:
magmith ´ i’nang l´ abis, manab´ ik nang l´ abis
crawl
 v.
to creep or to move slowlyon hands and knees:
gum´ apang
•
n.
slow movement along the ground:
g´apang
crayon
n.
stick or pencil of chalk,charcoal, etc:
kr´ ayon, kray´ ola
crazy
adj.
1
insane:
bal ´ iw, l´ oko/a,hib´ ang
2
foolish:
ul´ ol
3
deranged:
sir´ a’ ang ´ isip/´ ulo
4
to become crazy:
mal´ oko, mabal ´ iw, maul´ ol
5
to becrazy about something:
mahib´ ang
creak
n.
creaking sound:
langitng ´ it
•
v.
to squeak loudly:
lumangitng ´ it
cream
adj.
yellowish white:
kr´ema,k´ ulay-g´ atas
•
n.
1
oily, yellowishpart of milk:
kr´ema, krim, g´ atas
2
face or skin cream:
krim, krim sa mukh´ a’ o bal´ at
crease
n.
1
 wrinkle:
l´ ukot
2
a lineor mark made by folding:
mark´ a ng lup´ i’ (tup´ i’)
3
the line or fold made introusers by ironing:
pist´ on
•
v.
to be-come crumpled:
mal´ ukot, makus´ ot,magus´ ot
create
v.
1
to make a thing whichhas not been made before:
lumikh´ a’,likha ´ in, lumal´ ang, lalang ´ in
2
to bethe cause of, to make:
gumaw´ a’,gaw ´ in
credit
n.
1
indebtedness:
´ utang,pa´ utang
2
reputation in moneymatters:
kr´edito
•
v.
to buy oncredit:
ut´ angin
creditor
n.
person to whom moneyor goods are due:
pinagkakaut´ angan
creek
n.
small stream:
s´ apa’,il´ ug-il´ ugan
creep
v.
1
to crawl:
gum´ apang
2
to feel as if things were creepingover the skin:
mangil´ abot, kilab´ utan,pangilab´ utan
3
to grow by clinging,as a vine does:
gum´ apang
crib
n.
a child’s bed with side rail-ings:
k´ una, al´ uyan
crime
n.
a grave offence against thelaw:
kr ´ imen, kasal´ anang mabig´ at
criminal
n.
person who has commit-ted a crime:
salar ´ in, krimin´ al
•
adj.
sinful or very wicked:
makasal´ anan,napakasam´ a’
cripple
n.
1
a person who cannotuse his body properly esp. the legs:
salant´ a, lump´ o
2
a lame person:
pil´ ay
•
v.
1
to make a cripple of:
malump´ o
2
to disable:
sumalant´ a,masalant´ a, salanta ´ in
3
to damage,to weaken:
pumins´ ala’, mapins´ ala’,pinsal´ ain
crisp
adj.
1
brittle:
malut´ ong
2
fresh, bracing:
sar ´ iwa’, pr´esko
criticize/criticise
v.
1
to find faultwith:
mam´ ula’, pum´ ula’, mamint´ as,pumint´ as, pint´ asan
2
to criticizeseverely:
bumat ´ ikos, batik´ usin
crochet
n.
the thing crocheted:
gants ´ ilyo
•
v.
to make needle workby looping thread with a hookedneedle:
maggants ´ ilyo, gantsilyuh ´ in
crooked
adj.
1
not straight:
hind ´ i’ tuw ´ id, kil´ o’, lik´ o’
2
bent:
balukt´ ot,balikuk´ o’
3
twisted, curved:
lik´ u-lik´ o’, kil´ o’, kil´ u-kil´ o’
4
not honest:
magdaray´ a’, manlilinl´ ang, hind ´ i’-tap´ at
5
having a crooked arm:
k´ omang, mangk´ o’, singk´ ol

cross-eyed 31 curl
cross
n.
1
a stick or cross with an-other across it like a T:
krus
2
cru-cifix:
krusip´ iho
•
v.
to go across:
tu-maw ´ id, tawir ´ in
•
adj.
in bad tem-per:
gal ´ it
cross-eyed
adj.
having both eyesturned toward the nose:
dul ´ ing
crossing
n.
1
 place where lines,tracks, etc., cross:
bagt´ asan, krus na da´ an, kr´ osing
2
place at whicha river, street, etc. may be crossed:
taw ´ iran, bagt´ asan
cross-walk
n.
taw ´ iran
crowbar
n.
a long bar of iron for lift-ing:
bar´eta
crowd
n.
1
many people:
mar´ aming t´ ao, karam ´ ihan ng t´ ao, kakap´ al ng t´ ao
2
group, set, company:
pangk´ at,gr´ upo
•
v.
to fill too full, to cram:
dumags´ a’, dagsa´ an, mapun´ o’
crown
n.
head covering for a king orqueen:
kor´ ona, p´ utong
•
v.
1
to puta crown on:
magkor´ ona, koron´ ahan,magp´ utong, put´ ungan
2
to crownwith success:
gantimpal´ aan
crude
adj.
rough, lacking refine-ment:
magasp´ ang
cruel
adj.
1
giving pain to others,hardhearted:
malup´ it, mabags ´ ik
2
merciless:
wal´ ang ´ awa’, wal´ ang hab´ ag
crush
v.
1
 to break into pieces bypounding, grinding or pressing:
magd´ urog, dum´ urog, dur´ ugin,
2
tosqueeze with fingers or hand soas to break or bruise:
lumam´ ukos,malam´ ukos, lamuk´ usin, lumam´ ukot,malam´ ukot, lamuk´ utin
3
to wrinkleor crumple:
makus´ ot, kusut ´ in,malam´ ukot, lamuk´ utin
4
to com-press or flatten by pressure:
pumis´ a’,mapis´ a’, pisa ´ in
5
to subdue or con-quer:
lum´ upig, mal´ upig, lup´ igin
6
to be smashed into pieces:
malur´ ay,magkaluray-lur´ ay, luray ´ in
7
tobe squeezed (e.g. in a crowd):
ma ´ ipit
8
to push, to cram, squeeze:
magsiks ´ ikan
•
n.
a mass of peoplecrowded close together:
dags´ a’ ng mga tao
crutch
n.
support to help lame per-sons:
s´ aklay, mul´eta
cry
v.
1
to make noise from grief or pain, usually with tears:
umiy´ ak,mag-iiy´ ak, iyak´ an
2
to shed tears:
lum´ uha’, maluh´ a’
•
n.
1
noise of grief, pain:
iy´ ak
2
loud call:
hiy´ aw,sig´ aw, malak´ as na t´ awag
3
fit of weeping:
pag-uumiy´ ak, panan´ angis
4
 cry of a new born baby:
uh´ a’
5
sudden shrill cry :
til ´ i’
cube
n.
a solid with six square sides:
k´ ubo
cuddle
v.
to hold closely andlovingly:
pumangk´ o’, kand´ ung-kandung ´ in
cucumber
n.
a vegetable:
pip´ ino
cuff
n.
1
the turned-up part of asleeve:
puny´ os
2
of trousers:
lup´ i’
3
a slap:
samp´ al
cuff link
n.
him´elo, hem´elo
culture
n.
1
cultivation of learning:
kalinang´ an, kult´ ura
2
civilization:
kabihasn´ an, sibilisasy´ on
cup
n.
1
dish to drink from:
t´ asa
2
vase or cup-shaped vessel such asgiven for a prize:
k´ opa
cupboard
n.
closet or cabinet withshelves for dishes and food supplies:
pamingg´ alan
cure
v.
1
to bring back to health, tomake well:
magpagal ´ ing, pagaling ´ in
2
to get rid of an ailment or badhabit by treatment:
gumam´ ot,gamut ´ in, ipagam´ ot
3
to be able toremedy:
makagal ´ ing, makapagpa-gal ´ ing, makal´ unas
4
to preserve bysalting:
asin´ an, magb´ uro, bur´ uhin
5
to preserve by drying:
patuyu ´ in,da ´ ingin, tap´ ahin
6
to cure by smok-ing:
paus´ ukan (tinap´ a’)
•
n.
1
aremedy:
l´ unas, panl´ unas
2
medicine:
gam´ ot
curious
adj.
eager to know:
maus ´ isa’, usis´ero/a, osy´ oso/a
curl
v.
1
to coil into ringlets:
magkul´ ot, kulut´ an
2
to curve ortwist out of shape:
mabalukt´ ot,

curly 32 darling
bumalukt´ ot, mamalukt´ ot, baluktut ´ in
curly
adj.
1
kul´ ot
2
curly hair:
kul´ ot na buh´ ok
curse
v.
to wish evil upon:
sumpa ´ in
•
n.
wishing evil:
sump´ a’, pagsump´ a’
curtain
n.
1
cloth hung at windowsor doors:
kurt ´ ina
2
a hanging screenon a stage:
tel´ on, t´ abing
curve
n.
a bend on a road:
lik´ o’,k´ urba, kurb´ ada
•
v.
to curve or turnslightly:
lumik´ o’ nang bahagy´ a’
curved
adj.
slightly bent:
balukt´ot,balikuk´o’
cushion
n.
a soft pillow for a couchor a chair:
almuhad´ on
custom
n.
habit:
ug´ ali’, kaugali´ an,kost´ umbre
customer
n.
1
one who buys:
mamim ´ ili
2
a regular customer:
s´ uki’, paroky´ ano
customs
n.
taxes paid on importedgoods:
b´ ayad sa adw´ ana
cut
n.
1
 a gash or incision:
h ´ iwa’,s´ ugat
2
wound made by a ”bolo”:
tag´ a’
3
a piece that has been cutoff:
h ´ iwa’, pir´ aso, p´ utol
4
reduction:
b´ awas
5
cut of a dress:
t´ abas
6
cutmade by a scissors:
gup´ it
7
a veryslight cut, scratch:
g´ alos, gasg´ as
•
v.
1
to make an incision:
hum ´ iwa’,mah ´ iwa’, hiw´ ain
2
to cut with a”bolo”:
tumag´ a’, matag´ a’, taga ´ in
3
to cut down or to cut off:
pum´ utol,put´ ulin
4
to cut down a bananaplant or to cut off a bunch of thefruit:
tumib´ a’, tiba ´ in
5
to cut intopieces:
magput´ ul-put´ ol, pagput´ ul-putul ´ in, paghiw´ a-hiw´ ain
6
to cutwith scissors:
maggup´ it, gumup´ it,gupit ´ in, gupit´ an
7
to cut off thehead:
pum´ ugot, pug´ utan, pug´ utin
8
to reduce:
magb´ awas, bum´ awas,baw´ asan
9
to divide:
magh´ ati’,hum´ ati’, hat ´ iin, bahagin ´ in, pagbah´ a-bahagin ´ in
10
to cut out a dress:
tum´ abas, mat´ abas, tab´ asin
cycle
n.
bicycle:
bisikl´eta
cyclist
n.
rider of a bicycle:
sikl ´ ista
cutlery
n.
forks, knives,etc for tableuse:
kuby´ertos
cyclone
n.
typhoon:
bagy´ o, un´ os
cylinder
n.
a hollow or solid bodyshaped like a cylinder:
sil ´ indro
D
dagger
n.
a weapon for stabbing,with a short, pointed blade:
balar´ aw,s ´ ira’, sund´ ang, puny´ al
damage
n.
harm or injury thatlessens value or usefulness:
pins´ ala’,kapinsal´ aan, s ´ ira’, kasira´ an
•
v.
toharm or injure so as to lessen valueor usefulness:
sum ´ ira’, mas ´ ira’,sir´ ain, pumins´ ala’, mapins´ ala’,pinsal´ ain
dance
n.
1
a stepping in unisonwith music or rhythmic beats:
say´ aw
2
a party where people dance, aball:
say´ awan, b´ ayle
•
v.
1
todance:
sumay´ aw, magsay´ aw
2
todance with someone:
makipagsay´ aw,isay´ aw
dancer
 n.
1
one who dances profes-sionally:
manan´ ayaw
2
taxi-dancer:
bayler ´ ina
danger
n.
risk, peril, nearness toharm:
pang´ anib, pel ´ igro
dangerous
adj.
not safe, likely tocause harm:
mapang´ anib, peligr´ oso,delikado
dangle
v.
to hang loosely andsway:
um´ uguy-´ ugoy, paug´ uy-ug´ uyin,lumaw ´ it-law ´ it, palaw ´ it-lawit ´ in
daring
adj.
1
fearless:
wal´ ang t´ akot, wal´ ang kab´ a, wal´ ang g´ ulat
2
brave:
mat´ apang
3
fearlessbut reckless, bold:
mapus´ ok
•
n.
boldness, courage to take risks:
t´ apang, katap´ angan, lak´ as ng lo´ ob,kapangahas´ an
dark
adj.
1
lacking light:
madil ´ im
2
dark, as the skin:
mait ´ im
3
overcast,as the sky:
kuliml ´ im, madil ´ im
•
n.
aplace where there is no light:
dil ´ im,kariml´ an
darling
n.
person much loved:

dart 33 delegation
g ´ iliw, ´ irog, liy´ ag, sint´ a, mah´ al
•
adj.
dearly beloved, much loved:
minamah´ al, ginig ´ iliw
dart
n.
1
a small, pointed weapon,as a spear for spearing fish:
t´ unod,sul ´ igi’, maikl ´ ing sib´ at
2
a sudden,swift movement:
s ´ ibad, hagib´ is,kask´ as
•
v.
to move or run awayswiftly or suddenly:
sum ´ ibad,humagib´ is, kumask´ as
dashing
adj.
1
full of energy, lively:
masigl´ a, napakasigl´ a
2
showy, smart:
mag´ ara’, napakak ´ isig
date
n.
1
time, a statement of atime:
p´etsa
2
an appointment (coll):
tip´ anan
•
v.
to affix a date to:
petsah´ an, lagy´ an ng p´etsa
daughter
n.
female child or descen-dant:
an´ ak na bab´ ae
daughter-in-law
n.
wife of one’sson:
man´ ugang na bab´ ae
dawn
n.
 daybreak:
madal ´ ing-´ araw,buk´ ang-liwayw´ ay
day
n.
the time between sunrise andsunset:
´ araw
daydream
n.
dreamy thinking of pleasant things:
pang´ arap nang gis ´ ing
•
v.
to think dreamily of pleasant things:
mang´ arap nang gis ´ ing
dead
adj.
1
lifeless:
pat´ ay
2
withoutforce, power, spirit:
wal´ ang ´ init,wal´ ang sigl´ a
•
n.
1
the dead, deadpeople:
ang mga pat´ ay
2
stillness,quiet:
katahim ´ ikan
deal
v.
1
to have to do with,concern:
may kaugnayan, may ki-nal´ aman, mat´ ungod
2
to carry on inbusiness:
magtind´ a, magbil ´ i
3
to acttowards:
makit´ ungo’, pakitung´ uhan,makis´ ama, pakisam´ ahan, tumar´ ato,tarat´ uhin
4
to give out amongseveral:
mamig´ ay, ipamig´ ay
•
n.
1
part or portion:
bah´ agi’, p´ arte
2
anarrangement, proposition:
 panuk´ ala’
dear
adj.
1
beloved:
mah´ al, mi-namah´ al, ini ´ irog, sinisint´ a, ginig ´ iliw,l ´ iyag
2
costly:
mah´ al
•
n.
1
term of affection:
mah´ al, ´ irog, sint´ a, g ´ iliw
2
to hold dear:
magmah´ al, mahal ´ in
debate
n.
1
a public argument forand against a question:
pagtat´ alo,deb´ ate
2
a poetical joust (commonin the Philippines):
balagt´ asan
•
v.
to hold a public argument:
magt´ alo, pagtal´ unan, magdeb´ ate,pagdebat ´ ihan
deceive
v.
1
to mislead:
manlinl´ ang,linlang ´ in, dum´ aya’, magd´ aya’,day´ ain, manl´ oko, lok´ ohin
2
toallow oneself to be deceived:
palinl´ ang, pal´ oko, pad´ aya’
3
to lie:
magsinungal ´ ing
decide
v.
1
to make up one’s mind,come to a decision:
magpasiy´ a,ipasiy´ a, pasiyah´ an, magdisisy´ on,disisyon´ an
2
to settle:
lumut´ as,lutas ´ in
decision
n.
1
 deciding, making upone’s mind:
pasiy´ a, pagpapasiy´ a,kapasiyah´ an, desisy´ on
2
judgment:
h´ atol, pagh´ atol
decorate
v.
to make beautiful, trim,adorn:
maggay´ ak, gayak´ an, magpala-mut ´ i’, palamuti´ an, magdekorasy´ on,dekorasyun´ an
deep
adj.
1
deep (depth):
mal´ alim
2
intense:
matind ´ i
3
profound:
ta´ os,taimt ´ im
4
hard to understand:
mal´ alim
deer
n.
1
an animal:
us´ a
2
femaledeer:
l ´ ibay
defeat
v.
to overcome, to gain vic-tory:
tum´ alo, mat´ alo, tal´ unin
•
n.
defeat:
pagkat´ alo
defend
v.
1
to keep safe, to protect:
magtangg´ ol, ipagtangg´ ol,
2
to wardoff a blow, to shield:
sumangg´ a’,manangg´ a’, sanggah ´ in
defense
n.
1
act of defending:
 pag-tatangg´ ol
2
anything that protects:
dep´ensa
degree
n.
1
educational degree:
t ´ itulo, digr ´ i
2
step:
bait´ ang
3
unitfor measuring temperature:
gr´ ado,digr ´ i
delegate
n.
representative:
ki-nataw´ an, s´ ugo’, deleg´ ado

delicate 34 design
delegation
n.
a group of delegates:
delegasy´ on
delicate
adj.
1
weak:
mah ´ ina’
2
sickly:
masasakt ´ in
3
of fine texture:
p´ ino
4
fastidious (not common inEnglish):
mas´elan
5
requiring skill,tact or careful handling:
mas´elan,delik´ ado
6
very sensitive:
delik´ ado
delicious
adj.
very tasty:
na-pakasar´ ap, napakal´ asa, katak´ am-tak´ am, malinamn´ am
delirium
 n.
temporary disorder of the mind:
pagkahib´ ang, kahibang´ an
deliver
v.
1
to save:
magligt´ as,maligt´ as, iligt´ as
2
to set free:
magpal´ aya’, palay´ ain, hum´ ango’,mah´ ango’, hang´ uin, tumub´ os,matub´ os, tubus ´ in
3
to deliver let-ters, goods, etc:
magdal´ a, dalh ´ in,maghat ´ id, ihat ´ id
4
to give ortransfer:
mag-ab´ ot, iab´ ot, magbig´ ay,ibig´ ay
delude
v.
1
to mislead:
maglig´ aw,ilig´ aw
2
to deceive:
magd´ aya’,day´ ain, manlinl´ ang, linlang ´ in
3
to allow oneself to be deceived:
pad´ aya’, palinl´ ang
deluge
n.
a great flood:
g´ unaw,pagkag´ unaw, malak ´ ing bah´ a’,dil´ ubyo
demand
v.
1
to ask with au-thority:
hing ´ ing paut´ os (sapilit´ an)
2
to ask for as a right:
hing ´ in b´ ilang karapat´ an, hing ´ in ´ ayon sa matw ´ id
3
to call for, require,need:
mangail´ angan, kailang´ anin
4
to be needed:
mag ´ ing kail´ angan,kailang´ anin
•
n.
1
requirements,need:
kail´ angan, pangangail´ angan
 2
claim:
h´ abol, paghah´ abol, hinah´ abol,angk ´ in, inaangk ´ in
demolish
v.
to pull or tear down,to destroy:
maggib´ a’ magib´ a’,igib´ a’, giba ´ in, magw´ asak, maw´ asak,was´ akin
demon
n.
devil:
dem´ onyo, diy´ ablo
denial
n.
1
refusing:
pagtangg ´ i,pagkatangg ´ i
2
refusing to acknowl-edge, repudiating:
pagtatatuw´ a’,pagkakail´ a’, pagtatakw ´ il
dentist
n.
dent ´ ista
deny
v.
1
to reject, to disown:
magtakw ´ il, itakw ´ il
2
to refuse toadmit:
´ ayaw am ´ inin, magkail´ a’,ipagkail´ a’, ikail´ a’, magtatuw´ a’,itatuw´ a’
3
to refuse to grant:
magka ´ it, ika ´ it, ipagka ´ it, pagkait´ an
4
to say something that is not true,to contradict, to give the lie to:
magpabula´ an, pabulaan´ an
depart
v.
1
to go away:
umal ´ is,lum ´ isan, yum´ ao
2
to pass away, todie:
yum´ ao, mamat´ ay, pum´ anaw
department
n.
a separate adminis-trative section:
k´ agawaran
deposit
v.
1
 to put in a placefor safe-keeping:
magdep´ osito,idep´ osito, magl´ agak, il´ agak
2
to putdown:
maglap´ ag, ilap´ ag, maglag´ ay,ilag´ ay
3
to pay as a pledge of fullpayment:
magdep´ osito, deposituh´ an,idep´ osito
•
n.
the sum deposited:
dep´ osito, l´ agak
depressed
adj.
sad:
malungk´ ot,malumb´ ay
derive
v.
1
to get, to obtain:
kum´ uha, mak´ uha, k´ unin, magkam ´ it,makam ´ it, makamt´ an
2
to originate,to come from a certain source:
mangg´ aling, g´ aling magmul´ a’, mul´ a’
descend
v.
to go down from a higherplace to a lower place, to go down:
bumab´ a’, man´ aog, puman´ aog
describe
v.
to portray in words:
maglar´ awan, ilar´ awan
desert
n.
1
arid region:
disy´erto
2
an unoccupied place:
il´ ang, p´ arang
•
adj.
uninhabited, barren:
wal´ ang t´ aong tumitir´ a
desert
n.
due reward or punishment,what one deserves:
ang mar´ apat,ang nau´ ukol
•
v.
1
 to leave withoutpermission:
tum´ akas, magt´ anan,tum´ anan
2
to forsake:
magpab´ aya’,pabay´ aan, ´ iwan
deserving
adj.
worthy of some-thing:
kar´ apat-d´ apat
design
n.
1
the arrangement of de-

desire 35 difference
tails, form and color:
dib´ uho, dis´enyo
2
a drawing:
g´ uhit, dib´ uho, dr´ owing
3
a plan:
pl´ ano
4
a sketch:
kr´ okis
5
aplan in mind to be carried out:
b´ alak,tangk´ a’
6
intention:
hang´ ad, lay´ unin
•
v.
1
to make a design:
magdib´ uho,dibuh´ uhan
2
to make a plan:
gum´ uhit (gumaw´ a’) ng pl´ ano
desire
n.
wish:
n´ ais, n´ asa’, ´ ibig,gust´ o, hang´ ad
•
v.
to like, to want:
gumust´ o, gustuh ´ in, um ´ ibig, ib´ igin
desk
n.
 desk, pup´ itre, eskrit´ oryo
desperate
adj.
1
beyond or almostbeyond hope:
wal´ a’ nang pag-´ asa
2
ready to run any risk:
desper´ ado
despicable
adj.
1
contemptible,shameful:
kal´ ait-l´ ait, kahiy´ a-hiy´ a’
2
loathsome:
kasukl´ am-sukl´ am,kamuh ´ i-muh ´ i’
despite
prep.
in spite of:
k´ ahit na,sa kabil´a’ ng
dessert
n.
a course of sweets orfruit at the end of a meal:
him´ agas,panghim´ agas, matam ´ is
destination
n.
1
place where one isbound for:
paroroon´ an, pupuntah´ an,patutung´ uhan
2
place where a thingis bound for:
pagdadalh´ an
destitute
adj.
1
very poor, lack-ing necessary food and clothing:
hikah´ os, dah´ op, sal´ at, napakadukh´ a’,dukh´ ang-dukh´ a’, hir´ ap na hir´ ap
2
entirely without:
wal´ a’, wal´ ang-wal´ a’
destroy
v.
1
to ruin:
sum ´ ir´ a’, sir´ ain,pumins´ ala’, pinsal´ ain
2
to demolish:
magw´ asak, was´ akin, maggib´ a’,magib´ a’, giba ´ in, igib´ a’, lansag ´ in
3
to pull down:
 magpag´ uho’, buwag ´ in
4
to exterminate, to wipe away:
pumuks´ a’, puksa ´ in, lum ´ ipol, lip´ ulin
destruction
n.
1
act of destroying:
pags ´ ira’, panin ´ ira’, pagwaw´ asak
2
state of being destroyed:
pagkas ´ ira’,pagkaw´ asak, pagkag´ unaw, kasira´ an
destructive
adj.
destroying,causing destruction:
mapan ´ ira’,mapagw´ asak, mapamins´ ala’
detach
v.
1
to unfasten:
magtangg´ al,tumangg´ al, tanggal ´ in
2
to remove:
mag-al ´ is, alis ´ in
3
to separate:
tumukl´ ap, matukl´ ap, tuklap´ in
4
toseparate something which is pasted,to decorticate:
bumakb´ ak, bakbak ´ in,pumakn ´ it, paknit ´ in
detain
v.
to keep back, to keep fromgoing away:
pum ´ igil, pig ´ ilin
detective
n.
one whose occupationis to detect:
tikt ´ ik, det´ektib
determination
n.
1
deciding,settling beforehand:
pagpapasiy´ a
2
afixed purpose or resolution:
mat ´ ibay na hang´ ad
detour
n.
a turning, a deviation, aroundabout way:
lik´ o’, lik´ uan
•
 v.
to make a detour:
lumik´ o’, bum´ aling,lumih ´ is, lum ´ igoy
deviate
v.
1
to turn aside from acourse:
lumih ´ is
2
to change, makedifferent (broad meaning):
mag-ib´ a,ibah ´ in
devil
n.
satan:
satan´ as, dem´ onyo,diy´ ablo
diabetes
n.
a disease:
diyab´etis, pag-´ ihi’ ng matam ´ is
diamond
n.
a precious stone:
brily´ ante
diaper
n.
a baby’s underclothing:
lamp´ in
dictate
v.
1
to say or read aloudto another person who is to writewhat is said or read:
magdikt´ a,idikt´ a, diktah´ an
2
to speak withauthority, to make others do whatone says:
magdikt´ a, idikt´ a, diktah´ an,mag-´ utos, i´ utos, ut´ usan, magm´ ando
•
n.
order, direction:
´ utos, mand´ o
dictator
n.
person exercising abso-lute authority:
diktad´ or
die
v.
1
to stop living:
mamat´ ay
2
to pass away:
yum´ ao, pum´ anaw
 3
tocome to an end:
mat´ apos, magwak´ as
diet
n.
a regulated course of eatingand drinking:
diy´eta
•
v.
to diet:
magdiy´eta, diyet´ ahin, magt´ asa sa pagk´ ain
difference
n.
1
being different:
pagkakaib´ a, kaibh´ an
2
the amount

different 36 discharge
or manner of being different:
diper´ensiya
3
a disagreement inopinion:
di-pagkakaunawa´ an, di-pagkakasund´ o, di-pagkakaintind ´ ihan
4
a dispute or quarrel:
´ away,pag-a´ away, hidw´ aan
different
adj.
1
not alike:
ib´ a,magkaib´ a, ib´ ang-ib´ a
2
not similar:
d ´ i’ kat´ ulad, d ´ i’ kap´ aris, d ´ i’ kapar´eho
3
referring to various kinds:
saris´ ari’
4
varied:
ib´ a’t ib´ a
dig
v.
1
to make a hole in theground:
magh´ ukay, hum´ ukay,huk´ ayin
2
to dig up the ground:
magh´ ukay, hum´ ukay, huk´ ayin
 3
todig up the ground or something elsein search of something (as in scav-enging):
maghal´ ukay, humal´ ukay,haluk´ ayin, magbungk´ al, bumungk´ al,bungkal ´ in
dike
n.
1
a bank of earth as a defenseagainst flooding:
d ´ ike
2
a small dikeas in ricefield:
pil´ apil
diligent
adj.
hard-working, indus-trious:
mas ´ ipag, mas ´ ikap, masig´ asig
diminutive
adj.
small, tiny:
mali ´ it,napakali ´ it, munt ´ i’, napakaunt ´ i’
dinner
n.
1
evening meal:
hap´ unan
2
a formal meal in honor of someperson or occasion:
s´ alu-s´ alo,bangk´ete, pig ´ ing
3
to take dinner,meaning to take supper (eveningmeal):
maghap´ unan
dipper
n.
1
a long handled containerfor lifting water or liquids:
panal´ ok,kutsar´ on
2
coconut shell or can with-out a handle:
t´ abo’, pan´ ab´ o’
direct
v.
1
to manage or con-trol:
mamah´ ala’, pamahal´ aan,mamatn´ ugot, patnug´ utan, man-gas ´ iwa’, pangasiw´ aan
2
to orderor command:
mag-´ utos, ut´ usan,pag-ut´ usan, magmando’, manduh´ an,pagmanduh´ an
3
to point or showthe way:
magt´ uro’, it´ uro’
4
toguide:
 mag-´ akay, um´ akay, ak´ ayin,pumatn´ ubay, patnub´ ayan
•
adj.
1
straight:
tul´ uy-tul´ oy, tuw ´ iran,dir´etso
2
frank, truthful:
tap´ at,matap´ at
3
clear, plain:
maliw´ anag
4
to the point:
tuw ´ iran, tiy´ ak, dir´etso
direction
n.
1
guiding, manag-ing:
pamamah´ ala’, pamamatn´ ugot,pangangas ´ iwa’
2
order, command:
´ utos, mand´ o
3
instruction:
b´ ilin,tagub´ ilin, pan´ uto
director
n.
person who directs,manager:
patn´ ugot, direkt´ or, taga-pamah´ ala’, tagapangas ´ iwa’
dirt
n.
1
anything that soils skin,clothing, etc.:
dum ´ i
2
dirt on theface:
´ amos, d´ using, d´ ungis
3
dirt onthe body:
lib´ ag, b´ anil
4
loose earthor soil:
l´ upa’
5
mud:
p´ utik
dirty
adj.
1
not clean:
 marum ´ i,mar´ ungis
2
soiled by mud:
map´ utik,naput ´ ikan
3
dusty:
maalikab´ ok,maalab´ ok, magab´ ok
4
not clean orpure in language or action:
sala´ ula’,masagw´ a’, mah´ alay, malasw´ a’
•
v.
1
to make dirty, to soil:
magdum ´ i,dumih´ an, parumih ´ in
2
to becomedirty:
madumih´ an, marung ´ isan,masala´ ula’
disagreement
n.
1
difference inopinion:
pagkakaib´ a ng palag´ ay,di-pagka´ ayos,
2
misunderstand-ing:
di-pagkakaunaw´ aan, di-pagkakaintind ´ ihan,
3
quarrel:
al ´ itan,pagtat´ alo
4
unlikeness:
pagkakaib´ a,dipagkakap´ aris, dipagkakat´ ulad
disappoint
v.
1
to fail to sat-isfy one’s wish, hope, etc.:
hind ´ i’ makasiy´ a (masiyah´ an)
2
to failone in his expectations:
bumig´ o’,mabig´ o’, bigu ´ in
disapproval
n.
having or express-ing an opinion or feeling against:
pagt´ utol, pagsalung´ at, di-pagsang-´ ayon
discharge
v.
1
to dismiss fromoffice:
magtiwal´ ag, mag-al ´ is (maal ´ is,alis ´ in) sa tungk´ ulin, magpatals ´ ik,patalsik ´ in, magsis´ ante,
sisant´ehin
2
to fire off:
magpaput´ ok, paputuk ´ in
3
to release, to free:
magpal´ aya’,palay´ ain, magpakawal´ a’, pakawal´ an
4
to discharge a patient, to send out

dugout 42 ear
duet
n.
two singers, two voices, twoplayers performing together:
du´eto,duw´eto, dalaw´ ahang t ´ inig
dugout
n.
rough shelter formed bydigging:
kubl ´ ihang h´ ukay (lung´ a’)
duke
n.
a nobleman ranking below aprince:
d´ uke
dull
adj.
1
not sharp or pointed:
mapur´ ol, pulp´ ol, pang´ al
2
notintense (for pain, etc):
di-matind ´ i,bahagy´ a’
3
slow in understanding:
mapur´ ol (mah ´ ina’) ang ´ ulo
4
stupid:
tang´ a, ung´ as, b´ obo/a
5
not brightor clear:
mal´ abo’, malaml´ am
6
cloudy:
kuliml ´ im, ma´ ulap
7
notshiny:
di-makint´ ab
8
not interesting,boring:
nakayayam´ ot, nakababag´ ot,nakaiin ´ ip, nakaaant´ ok, nakapag-aant´ok
9
not active (in business):
mah ´ ina’, mat´ umal
 •
v.
to makeblunt:
magpapur´ ol, makapagpapur´ ol,papurul ´ in, makapulp´ ol, pulpul ´ in
dumb
adj.
1
not able to speak:
p´ ipi,di-nakapagsasalit´ a’
2
stupid, dull:
tang´ a, g´ ago/a, gungg´ ong, hang´al
3
silent, not speaking:
um ´ id, wal´ ang salit´ a’, wal´ ang im ´ ik
dump
v.
to empty out, to throwdown:
magtamb´ ak, itamb´ ak, mag-bunt´ on, ibunt´ on
•
n.
a placefor throwing rubbish:
basurah´ an,tamb´ akan ng bas´ ura
duplicate
adj.
exactly like some-thing else, corresponding to some-thing else:
duplik´ ado, magkat´ ulad,magkap´ aris, magkapar´eho
•
n.
1
one of two things exactly alike:
kapar´eho
2
a copy:
k´ opya
•
v.
1
tomake an exact copy of:
kum´ opya,kopyah ´ in
2
to double, to maketwo of:
dalawah ´ in, dobleh ´ in
3
torepeat exactly, to imitate:
tum´ ulad,tul´ aran, pum´ aris, par ´ isan, gum´ aya,gay´ ahin
durable
adj.
lasting a long time:
mat ´ ibay, pangmatag´ alan
dust
 n.
fine, dry earth:
alikab´ ok,gab´ ok
•
v.
to brush or wipe awaydust:
magpasp´ as, paspas´ an, mag-pal ´ is, palis´ an, magp´ unas, pun´ asan
duty
n.
1
the right thing a personought to do:
tungk´ ulin
2
the thingsone has to do in a certain position:
katungk´ ulan, trab´ aho, gaw´ ain
3
tax:
buw ´ is
4
customs duty, tax for bring-ing articles in the country:
b´ ayad sa adw´ ana, buw ´ is sa angk´ at
dwarf
n.
1
a person much below theusual size:
un´ ano’, bulil ´ it,
2
in fairytales, an ugly little man with magicpowers:
duw´ende
dwell
v.
to live, to make one’s home:
tum´ ahan, tah´ anan, tumir´ a, tirah´ an,manir´ ahan
dye
v.
to color or stain by dippinginto water containing coloringmatter:
magt ´ ina’, tin´ ain, magkol´ or,kolor´ an, magk´ ulay, kul´ ayan
•
n.
dyematerial:
t ´ ina’, pant ´ ina’, pan ´ ina’,kol´ or, pangol´ or, pang´ ulay
dying
adj.
1
about to die, ceasing tolive:
naghihingal´ o, nag-a´ agaw-b´ uhay
2
coming to an end:
nagtatap´ os, nag-wawak´ as
dynamite
n.
 explosive used inblasting rocks:
dinam ´ ita
•
v.
toblow up with dynamite:
madi-nam ´ ita, dinamit´ ahin, pasab´ ugan ng dinam ´ ita
dynasty
n.
series of rulers who be-long to the same family:
dinast ´ iya
dysentery
n.
disease of the in-testines:
disentery´ a, ´ iti, pag-i ´ iti
E
each
pron/adj.
b´ awa’t is´ a
eager
adj.
wanting very much,longing:
sab´ ik, sab´ ik na sab´ ik, ´ ibig na ´ ibig, gust´ ung-gust´ o
eagle
n.
a large bird:
´ agila, b´anoy
ear
n.
1
the organ of hearing:
ta ´ inga
2
an ear of corn:
p´ uso’ ng ma ´ is
3
play by ear:
o´ ido
4
to give ear, tolisten to:
makin ´ ig, pakingg´ an
5
to beall ears, to listen eagerly:
makin ´ ig na mab´ uti

early 43 election
early
adv.
in good time:
ma´ aga
•
 adj.
1
sooner than is usual ornecessary:
ma´ aga
2
first in a series:
´ una
earth
n.
1
the world:
mund´ o,daigd ´ ig, l´ upa’, sangkalupa´ an
2
soil:
l´ upa’
earthquake
n.
a shaking or slidingof the ground:
lind´ ol
easel
n.
a support for a picture:
ka-baly´ete
east
n.
1
the direction of the sun-rise:
sil´ angan
2
Orient:
sil´ angan,silang´ anan, Ory´ente
3
Far East:
D´ ulong Sil´ angan
4
Middle East:
Gitn´ ang Sil´ angan
Easter
n.
the feast of Easter:
mul ´ ing pagkab´ uhay, pask´ o ng pagkab´ uhay,lingg´ o ng pagkab´ uhay
easy
adj.
1
not involving great dif-ficulty:
maga´ an, madal ´ i’, maluw´ ag,malu´ ag
2
comfortable:
maginh´ awa’
eat
v.
 to chew and swallow food:
kum´ ain, k´ anin (ka ´ inin)
eavesdrop
v.
to listen secretly towhat is supposed to be private:
l ´ ihim na makin ´ ig (sa us´ apan)
eclipse
n.
passing from sight be-cause light is cut off:
paglal´ aho’,ekl ´ ipse
economical
adj.
not wasteful,not extravagant:
matip´ id, hind ´ i’ mag´ astos
economy
n.
1
thrift:
pagtitip´ id,katipir´ an
2
thrift and carefulmanagement:
pag-aarimuh´ unan,pag-iikonomiy´ a, pag-iikonom ´ iya
3
a system by which anything ismanaged or operated:
pamamal´ akad na pangkabuh´ ayan, kabuh´ ayan
edge
n.
1
the thin, sharp side thatcuts:
tal ´ im
2
the side:
g ´ ilid
3
thebrink:
b´ ingit, g ´ ilid
4
margin:
tab´ i,bayb´ ay
5
any terminating border:
g ´ ilid, hangg´ anan
•
v.
1
to advanceby repeated slight movements:
gu-mitg ´ it, makagitg ´ it, makipaggitg ´ itan
2
to move something little by little:
mag-´ usod (u´ usod, paus´ urin) nang unt ´ i-unt ´ i’
educate
 v.
1
to teach:
magt´ uro’,tur´ uan
2
to send to school, to haveone taught:
magpa´ aral, papag-ar´ alin,paar´ alin, magpat´ uro’, patur´ uan
education
n.
1
the knowledge andabilities gained through training:
karun´ ungan, pinag-ar´ alan, napag-ar´ alan, edukasy´ on
2
the act orprocess of educating or training:
pagtut´ uro’
eel
n.
long, slippery fish shaped likea snake:
´ igat, pal´ os, bal ´ ila
effective
adj.
producing an effect:
mab´ isa’
egg
n.
1
itl´ og
2
an unfertilized egg:
bug´ ok
3
a duck egg with developedembryo and cooked:
bal´ ot
eggplant
n.
a kind of vegetable:
tal´ ong
eight
n/adj.
wal´ o, ´ otso
eighteen
n/adj.
lab´ ing wal´ o,disi´ otso
eighth
n/adj.
ikawal´ o, pangwal´ o, a-disi´ otso
eighty
n/adj.
ots´enta, walump´ u’
either
adj/pron.
 one or the otherof two:
alinm´ an, alinm´ an sa dalaw´ a,mask ´ i al ´ in, k´ ahit al ´ in, sin´ uman,sin´ uman sa dalaw´ a, mask ´ i s
´ ino
elaborate
v.
to give added details:
ipaliw´ anag na mab´ uti, magdagd´ ag ng mga paliw´ anag, magpal ´ inaw
•
adj.
having many details:
detaly´ ado,madet´ alye
elastic
n.
a rubber band or tape:
l´ astiko
•
adj.
1
that can bestretched and then return to itsown shape:
el´ astiko, nabab´ anat
2
changeable, changing easily, flexible:
pab´ agu-b´ ago, sun´ ud-sun´ uran
elbow
n.
the joint between theupper and lower arm:
s ´ iko
•
v.
1
to push with the elbow:
man ´ iko,sum ´ iko, sik´ uhin
2
to jostle, hustle:
gumitg ´ it
elder
adj.
older:
matand´ a’,nakatatand´ a’, nakagug´ ulang
eldest
adj.
oldest:
pinakamatand´ a’

electrician 44 encounter
election
n.
choosing to vote:
hal´ alan, eleksiy´ on
electrician
 n.
person who repairs orinstalls electric wiring:
elektris ´ ista
electricity
n.
1
elektrisid´ ad
2
elec-tric current:
kory´ente
elegant
adj.
showing good taste,refined:
mak ´ isig, mab´ ikas, mag ´ ilas,maring´ al, eleg´ante
element
n.
1
one of the parts of which anything is made up:
bah´ agi’,elem´ento, sangk´ ap
2
a simpleor necessary part:
pangun´ ahing sangk´ ap
elephant
n.
the largest four-footedanimal now living:
elep´ ante
elevation
n.
1
raised place, highplace:
kataas´ an
2
height above theearth’s surface:
ta´ as
3
height abovethe sea level:
ang ta´ as sa kapantay´ an ng d´ agat
4
the act of elevating:
pagtata´ as, pagkakata´ as
elevator
n.
a lift:
eleb´eytor
eleven
n.
´ onse, lab´ ing-is´ a
elope
v.
1
to run away with a lover:
magt´ anan, tum´ anan, it´ anan
2
to runaway, escape:
tum´ akas, lum´ ayas
emancipated
v.
1
to set free fromslavery of any kind, to release:
mag-pal´ aya’, palay´ ain
2
to redeem:
tu-mub´ os, tubus ´ in
embarrass
v.
to make self-conscious:
mapahiy´ a’, humiy´ a’,hiya ´ in
embezzle
v.
to steal money en-trusted to one’s care:
dumisp´ alko,disp´ alkuhin
emblem
n.
a symbol, sign of an idea:
sag ´ isag, s ´ imbulo
embrace
v.
to fold in the armsto show love:
yum´ akap, yak´ apin,yumap´ os, yapus ´ in
embroider
v.
to ornament withstitches:
magburd´ a, burdah´ an
embryo
n.
an animal or plant inthe early stages of its development:
sim ´ ilya, bil ´ ig, binh ´ i’
emerge
v.
1
to come out:
lumab´ as
2
to come into view:
lumit´ aw
3
tocome up:
sumulp´ ot, sumip´ ot
eminent
adj.
1
high in rank:
mata´ as
2
great, celebrated:
dak ´ ila’
3
famous:
tany´ ag, bant´ og, bans´ ag,sik´ at
emotion
n.
strong feeling of anykind:
damd´ amin
emphasis
n.
stress, importance:
pagpapahalag´ a, di ´ in
emphasize
v.
to make emphatic:
magbig´ ay di ´ in, bigy´ ang di ´ in
employee
n.
person who works forsome person or firm:
empley´ ado/a,kaw´ ani’, namamas´ ukan
employer
n.
person who employsothers:
ang pinaglilingkur´ an, ang may patrab´ aho, ´ amo
empty
adj.
1
with nothing in it:
wal´ ang lam´ an, basy´ o, bak´ ante,hind ´ i’ okup´ ado
2
hungry:
gut´om
3
meaningless:
wal´ ang kasays´ ayan (says´ ay, kabuluh´ an, katutur´ an)
•
v.
1
to pour out or take out all thatis in a thing:
mag-al ´ is ng lah´ at ng lam´ an, alis ´ ing lah´ at ang lam´ an
2
tobecome empty:
mawal´ an ng lam´ an
3
to drink all the contents of abottle, glass, etc.:
ub´ usin ang lam´ an
emulate
v.
 to try to equal or excel:
tum´ ulad, tul´ aran, pum´ aris, par ´ isan,gum´ aya, gay´ ahin
enact
v.
1
to make law:
gumaw´ a’ ng bat´ as
2
to act out, to play:
guman´ ap,ganap´ in
enchant
v.
1
to put under a spell:
gumay´ uma, magay´ uma, gayum´ ahin,marah´ uyo’, rahuy´ uin, rumah´ uyo’
2
to delight, fascinate or attractgreatly:
bumal´ ani’, balan ´ ihin,um´ akit, ma´ akit
enclose, inclose
v.
1
to shut inon all sides:
kulung ´ in, palig ´ iran,palib´ utan
2
to fence in:
magb´ akod,bak´ uran
3
to put in an envelopealong with a letter:
maglak ´ ip, ilak ´ ip,lak ´ ipan, lakp´ an
encounter
v.
to meet especiallywhen unexpected:
magkasag´ upa’,masag´ upa’, makasag´ upa’, magkatagp´ o’,

encourage 45 entire
makatagp´ o’, magkasal´ ubong,makasal´ ubong, masal´ ubong
•
n.
1
a battle:
sagupa´ an, laban´ an
2
unexpected meeting:
di-inaas´ ahang pagkik ´ ita’
encourage
v.
1
to give hope,courage:
magpasigl´ a’, magpalak´ as ng lo´ ob
2
 to urge on:
hum ´ imok,him´ ukin
encyclopedia
n.
ensiklop´edya
end
n.
1
conclusion:
t´ apos, kata-pus´ an, pagkat´ apos, wak´ as
2
extremeor last part of anything:
d´ ulo,duluh´ an
3
death:
kamat´ ayan, pagka-mat´ ay
4
destruction:
pagkaw´ asak
•
v.
1
to finish:
tum´ apos, tap´ usin,magwak´ as, wakas´ an
2
to come to itsend:
mat´ apos, magtap´ os, magwak´ as
endless
adj.
1
having no end:
wal´ ang katapus´ an, wal´ ang hangg´ an
2
lasting, never stopping:
wal´ ang t ´ igil, wal´ ang hint´ o’, pat´ uloy
endure
v.
1
to last, to keep on:
tumag´ al, makatag´ al
2
to remain:
manat ´ ili’
3
to be able to undergo,withstand, or bear:
makapagti ´ is,makati ´ is, mapagtiis´ an
enema
n.
1
injection of liquidinto the rectum to flush the bow-els:
labat ´ iba
 2
to give an enema:
maglabat ´ iba, labatib´ ahin
enemy
n.
adversary, foe:
ka´ away,kal´ aban, kab´ aka
energy
n.
1
vigor:
sigl´ a, sig´ asig,s ´ ipag
2
power to work or act, force:
lak´ as, kakayah´ an
engine
n.
1
machine:
m´ akina
2
mo-tor:
lokomot´ ora
engineer
n.
1
one who plansand builds machines, roads,bridges, etc.:
inhiny´ero
2
one whotakes care of or runs an engine:
makin ´ ista
•
v.
1
to manage, tolead:
mamatn´ ugot, pamatnug´ utan,mamah´ ala’, pamahal´ aan
2
to plan,to shape:
bumalangk´ as, balangkas ´ in,magb´ alak, bal´ akin
England
n.
Inglat´era
English
n.
1
the people of England,their language:
ang mga Ingl´es
2
to speak in English to (someone):
mag-Inggl´es, mag-Ingl´es, Ingglis ´ in,Ingles ´ in
enjoy
 v.
to be happy with, to takepleasure in:
malug´ od, ikalug´ od,matuw´ a’, ikatuw´ a’, masiyah´ an,ikasiy´ a
enjoyable
adj.
giving joy:
kasiy´ a-siy´ a, masay´ a, kalug´ ud-lug´ od
enormous
adj.
huge, immense:
lubh´ ang malak ´ i, napakalak ´ i
enough
adj.
1
as many or as muchas needed:
hust´ o, sap´ at, t´ ama’
2
sufficient:
kain´ aman, katamt´ aman
•
adv.
sufficiently:
nang sap´ at
enroll
v.
to enter one’s name in aregister or roll:
magpatal´ a’, ipatal´ a’ magpalist´ a, ipalist´ a
entangle
v.
1
to get mixedand caught:
magkasab´ id-sab´ id,magkasal´ a-salab´ id, magkabuh´ ol-buh´ ol
2
to be involved, to getinto difficulty:
masangk´ ot, ma-pasangk´ ot
3
to get someoneinvolved:
magsangk´ ot, isangk´ ot
enter
v.
1
to go or come into:
pum´ asok, pas´ ukin
2
to cause to en-ter:
magp´ asok, ip´ asok, papas´ ukin
3
to join, to become a part or memberof:
um´ anib, sum´ api’
4
to partic-ipate:
 sum´ ali, makis´ ali, hum´ alo’,makih´ alo’, lumah´ ok, makilah´ ok
5
torecord:
magtal´ a’, ital´ a’
entertain
v.
1
to interest, toplease, to make fun for:
maglib´ ang,lumib´ ang, makalib´ ang, libang ´ in,mag-al ´ iw, umal ´ iw, makaal ´ iw, aliw ´ in
2
to keep in the mind:
magsa ´ isip,isa ´ isip
3
to consider or to take intoconsideration:
magsa´ alang-´ alang,isa´ alang-´ alang
4
to have as a guest:
magkapana´ uhin, magkabis ´ ita
5
toprovide entertainment for guests:
umistim´ a, istimah ´ in
enthusiastic
adj.
full of enthusi-asm, eagerly interested:
interes´ ado,masig´ asig, masigl´ a, interes´ adung-interes´ ado

entirely 46 even
entire
adj.
whole, complete:
bu´ o’,ent´ero
entirely
adv.
wholly, fully:
lah´ atan,lah´ at, gan´ ap
entrance
n.
1
act of entering:
pagp´ asok
2
place by which to enter:
pasuk´ an, pint´ uan
3
freedom orright of entering or mixing with:
karapat´ an sa pagp´ asok, karapat´ ang pum´ asok (makih´ alo’)
entry
n.
1
the act of entering:
pagp´ asok
2
the act of taking partin:
paglah´ ok, pags´ ali
3
the placeby which to enter:
da´ an, pasuk´ an,pint´ uan
4
thing written or printedin a book, list, etc:
tal´ a’, lam´ an
5
person or thing that takes part in acontest:
lah´ ok, kalah´ ok, kas´ ali
envelop
v.
to wrap, cover or hide:
magb´ alot, bal´ utin, mab´ alot
envelope
n.
paper cover for a letter:
s´ obre
envious
adj.
wishing to havesomething which someone elsehas:
maingg ´ itin, mapanaghil ´ iin,mapanaghil ´ i’, panaghil ´ iin
environment
n.
surroundingthings, conditions, etc.:
pal ´ igid,kapaligir´ an, pal ´ igid-l ´ igid
epidemic
n.
rapid spreading of adisease so that many people have itat the same time:
s´ alot, p´este
equal
n.
a person or thing equalto another:
kapant´ ay, kapar´eho,kasuk´ at
•
adj.
on the same level,etc.:
par´eho, magkapar´eho, pant´ ay,magkapant´ ay
•
v.
to make or dosomething equal to:
pumant´ ay,pantay´ an, pumar´eho, pum´ atas,pat´ asan, magkapar´eho
equator
n.
an imaginary circlearound the middle of the earth:
ekwad´ or
erase
v.
 to rub out, to scrape out:
magbur´ a, burah ´ in, pumaw ´ i’, pawi ´ in
eraser
n.
pambur´ a
error
n.
mistake:
mal ´ i’, kamal ´ ian,pagkakamal ´ i’
erudite
adj.
learned:
mar´ unong,ma´ alam
erupt
v.
to burst forth, to break out:
pumut´ ok, sum´ abog, bumug´ a
escape
v.
1
to get free from con-finement, as from prison:
tum´ akas,makat´ akas
2
to be able to get outand away:
makakawal´ a’, makaalp´ as,makal´ aya’
3
to elope:
magt´ anan,lum´ ayas
4
to be free or safe from:
maligt´ as, makaligt´ as
5
to avoid:
um ´ iwas, iw´ asan
•
n.
1
act of escaping (from prison):
pagt´ akas
2
escaping from a cage:
pagkawal´ a’,pag-alp´ as
3
eloping:
pagtat´ anan,pagl´ ayas
4
avoiding:
pag-´ iwas
especially
adv.
1
 particularly, prin-cipally:
lal´ o na
2
chiefly:
sady´ a’, ta-lag´ a
establish
v.
1
to set up perma-nently, to found:
magtat´ ag, itat´ ag,magtat´ ag, itat´ ag, magtay´ o’, itay´ o’,magpund´ ar, ipund´ ar
2
to bringabout permanently:
magpamal´ agi’,pamalag ´ iin, magpanat ´ ili’, panatil ´ iin
3
to show beyond dispute, toprove:
magpat´ unay, patun´ ayan,magpat ´ ibay, patib´ ayan
eternal
adj.
without beginningor end:
wal´ ang hangg´an, wal´ ang katapus´ an, wal´ ang m´ aliw, wal´ ang wak´ as
evaporate
v.
1
to turn into vapor:
suming´ aw
2
to remove water from:
magpatuy´ o’, patuyu ´ in, matuy´ o’,magpasing´ aw, pasingaw ´ in
3
to giveoff moisture, aroma, etc.:
suming´ aw
4
to vanish, to disappear:
mawal´ a’,magl´ aho’
eve
n.
1
the day before:
bisper´ as
2
evening:
gan ´ i, dapith´ apon, takip-s ´ ilim
even
adj.
1
level, flat:
p´ atag,pant´ ay
2
equal, no more orless than:
par´eho, magkapar´eho,magkakapar´eho, magkasind´ ami,magkakasind´ ami
3
 can be dividedby 2 without a remainder:
p´ ares
4
at the same level:
kapant´ ay,kasimpant´ ay, kasinta´ as
•
v.
to make

evening 47 exercise
flat or level:
magpant´ ay, pantay ´ in,magp´ atag, pat´ agin
•
adv.
1
as usedin the phrases ”even though” and”even if”:
k´ ahit, k´ ahit na, k´ ahiman
2
even when, at the very time:
no´ on pa man, k´ ahit no´ on pa man
3
evenso:
k´ ahit na, gay´ on pa man, m´ aski na
4
to break even, neither to losenor to win:
makatabl´ a, makap´ atas,makapar´eho, di mat´ alo’t di man´ alo
5
to get even with, to take revenge:
gumant ´ i, maghigant ´ i
evening
n.
the time between dayand night:
gab´ i
•
adj.
of, for orrelating to the evening:
panggab´ i
every
adj.
1
each one, all:
b´ awa’t,b´ awa’t is´ a, lah´ at
2
every nowand then, from time to time:
pam ´ insan-m ´ insan
3
every other:
tuw ´ ing ikalaw´ a, tuw ´ ing makalaw´ a
4
every day:
 ´ araw-´ araw
5
everyweek:
lingg´ u-lingg´ o
6
every morn-ing:
tuw ´ ing um´ aga
7
every time,whenever:
tuw ´ i’, sa tuw ´ i-tuw ´ ina
everyone
pron.
1
each one:
b´ awa’t is´ a
2
everybody:
lah´ at
everything
n.
everything, allthings:
lah´ at (ng b´ agay)
exact
v.
1
to demand the paymentof:
suming ´ il, singil ´ in
2
to demand justice, punishment, etc.:
magl´ apat,il´ apat, lap´ atan
•
adj.
without any er-ror, correct, accurate:
t´ ama’, wast´ o’,hust´ o, eks´ akto, tump´ ak
exalt
v.
1
to make high in rank,honor, power, character or quality:
magpata´ as, pataas ´ in, ita´ as, ilag´ ay sa is´ ang mata´ as na kalag´ ayan
2
topraise, to honor:
magp´ uri, pur ´ ihin,dumak ´ ila’, dakil´ ain, magtamp´ ok,itamp´ ok, parangal´ an
exalted
adj.
dignified:
marang´ al,mata´ as, dak ´ ila’
examination
n.
1
examining, test:
iks´ amen, pagsus´ ulit, pags´ ubok
 2
looking at closely and carefully:
pagsus´ uri’, pagkakas´ uri’
3
investi-gation:
pagsisiy´ asat
4
examinationof one’s conscience:
pag-uus ´ isa’ ng konsiy´ensiya
examine
v.
1
to look at closely andcarefully:
sum´ uri’, sur ´ iin
2
to test,to ask questions of:
umiks´ amen, ik-sam ´ inin, sum´ ulit, sul ´ itin, sum´ ubok,sub´ ukin
3
to investigate:
magsiy´ asat,siyas´ atin, magiks´ amen, iksam ´ inin,mag-ur ´ irat, urir´ atin
4
to look intowhat someone has said:
pag-ar´ alan,alam ´ in
exasperate
v.
1
to irritate, to annoygreatly:
mangyam´ ot (-in ´ is, buw ´ isit),yamut ´ in, in ´ isin, buwis ´ itin
2
tomake angry:
magpag´ alit, pagal ´ itin,gal ´ itin
•
adj.
annoying, iritating:
nakakayam´ ot (-in ´ is, buw ´ isit)
excavate
v.
to dig out, to uncoverby digging:
maghuk´ ay, hum´ ukay,huk´ ayin
exceedingly
adv.
very greatly, to anunusual degree:
lubh´ a’
excellent
adj.
very, very good:
na-pakagal ´ ing, napakah´ usay, magal ´ ing na magal ´ ing, mah´ usay na mah´ usay
except
v.
to leave out:
huw´ ag is´ ama,ihiwal´ ay
 •
prep.
leaving out, otherthan:
mal ´ iban sa, mat´ angi’ sa, l ´ iban sa puw´era
•
conj.
1
unless (not com-mon):
kung hind ´ i’, mal ´ iban
2
but:
kund ´ i’
excessive
adj.
too much, too great:
l´ abis-l´ abis, s´ obra-s´ obra, napakalak ´ i
exchange
v.
to change, to give onething in return for another:
magpal ´ it,ipagpal ´ it
•
n.
1
giving and taking:
pal ´ itan, pagpal ´ itan
2
a place wheremen trade:
pamil ´ ihan, bil ´ ihan
3
inexchange for:
b´ ilang kapal ´ it
excrement
n.
waste matter expelledfrom the body:
t´ ae, dum ´ i
excuse
n.
1
a reason that isgiven:
dahil´ an, katw ´ iran
2
apology:
paumanh ´ in, pat´ awad
v.
1
to per-mit:
magpahint´ ulot, pahintul´ utan,pum´ ayag, pay´ agan
2
to makeexcuses which are not genuine:
magdahil´ an
exempt
v.
to make free from:
magl ´ ibre, il ´ ibre, palibreh ´ in

exhausted 48 expression
exercise
n.
practice:
paghehers ´ isyo,hers ´ isyo, pagpapalak´ as, pagpr´ aktis
exhausted
adj.
1
worn out, verytired:
pag´ od na pag´ od, pat´ ang-pat´ a,malat´ ang-malat´ a’, hap´ ung-hap´ o’
2
used up:
ub´ os na ub´ os, sa ´ id na sa ´ id
exhaustion
n.
1
extreme fa-tigue:
kapag´ uran, pagkap´ agod,pagkakah´ apo’, pagkap´ ata, pan-lalat´ a’
2
act of using up:
pag-´ ubos,pagka´ ubos, pagsa ´ id, pagkasa ´ id
exhibit
v.
1
to show:
magpak ´ ita,ipak ´ ita
2
to show publicly:
mag-tangh´ al, itangh´ al, magpalab´ as,ipalab´ as
•
n.
1
something shown tothe public:
tangh´ al
2
evidence (inlaw), proof:
katib´ ayan, ebid´ensiya,eks ´ ibit
exhibition
n.
1
public show:
tangh´ alan, iksibisy´ on
2
show-ing:
pagtatangh´ al, pagpapak ´ ita,pagpapam´ alas, pagpapalab´ as
exit
 n.
1
way out:
lab´ asan
2
act of going out:
paglab´ as
expect
v.
to look for, to anticipate:
um´ asa, as´ ahan, umas´ am, asam ´ in,mag-akal´ a’, akal´ ain
expel
v.
1
to put out:
magpaal ´ is,paalis ´ in, magtiwal´ ag, itiwal´ ag
2
todrive out with much force:
magbug´ a,ibug´ a, maglab´ as, ilab´ as
expend
v.
1
to spend:
gum´ ugol,gug´ ulin, gumast´ a, gastah ´ in
2
to useup, to consume:
um´ ubos, ub´ usin,suma ´ id, sair ´ in
expense
n.
1
cost:
g´ astos, g´ ugol
2
cause of spending:
pinagkak-agastah´ an, pinagkakagastus´ an,pinaggugug´ ulan
expensive
adj.
1
high-priced:
mah´ al, mamah´ alin
2
costly:
mag´ astos, mag´ ugol
experience
n.
1
what happens toa person:
karanas´ an, ekspiry´ensiya,pinagda´ anan
2
practice:
karanas´ an,kasan´ ayan
 3
knowledge:
kaalam´ an
•
v.
1
to feel, to have happen to one,to undergo:
magd´ anas, dum´ anas,makar´ anas, dan´ asin
2
to learn froman unpleasant experience (causedby the attitude of others):
madal´ a’,dala ´ in
experienced
adj.
1
taught byexperience:
san´ ay, bih´ asa
2
skillfulor wise through experience:
may karanas´ an
experiment
n.
a trial or testto find out something:
pags´ ubok,eksperim´ento
•
v.
to try in orderto find out:
sum´ ubok, sub´ ukin,mag-eksperim´ento, esperim´entuhan
expert
adj.
having skill:
san´ ay,eksp´erto, dalubh´ asa’
•
n.
a per-son who has skill or who knowsmuch about some special things:
dalubh´ asa’, eksp´erto
expire
v.
to come to an end:
mat´ apos, lumamp´ as, lum ´ ipas,magwak´ as
explain
v.
1
to make plain:
mag-paliw´ anag, ipaliw´ anag, liwan´ agin,magpal ´ inaw, ipal ´ inaw
2
to ex-plain by reasoning:
mangatw ´ iran,pangatwir´ anan
explode
v.
1
to blow up:
 pumut´ ok
2
to cause to explode:
magpaput´ ok,paputuk ´ in
3
to burst and scatter:
sum´ abog
expose
v.
1
to disclose, reveal:
magbuny´ ag, ibuny´ ag, maghay´ ag,ihay´ ag, magsiw´ alat, isiw´ alat
2
to lay open:
maglant´ ad, ilant´ ad,magtamb´ ad, itamb´ ad
3
to exposeto the sun:
magbil´ ad, ibil´ ad
4
toexpose to heat or sun:
magdar´ ang,magpa ´ init
5
to expose to danger:
itay´ a’ sa pang´ anib, isapang´ anib
express
v.
1
to put into words:
magpah´ ayag, ipah´ ayag, mags´ abi,sab´ ihin
2
to show by look, voice oraction:
magpahiw´ atig, ipahiw´ atig,magpakil´ ala, ipakil´ ala
•
n.
a quickmeans of sending:
´ekspres
•
adj.
1
quick:
mabil ´ is
2
clear and definite:
maliw´ anag
expression
n.
1
putting into words:
pagpapah´ ayag
2
word or words usedas unit:
pangung´ usap, pananalit´a’
3

need 108 niece

ment that fits the neck:
le´eg ng dam ´ it
3
to be neck and neck, to be evenin a race or contest (use adj):
p´ atas,tabl´ a, pant´ ay
need
n.
1
want, lack of a useful ordesired thing:
kawal´ an, kakulang´ an
2
thing wanted or lacking, that forwhich a want is felt:
kail´ angan, pan-gangail´ angan
3
necessity, somethingthat has to be:
kail´ angan, pangan-gail´ angan
•
v.
1
to be in want of,ought to have, be unable to dowithout:
mangail´ angan, kailang´ anin
2
must, should, have to or oughtto:
d´ apat, narar´ apat, kail´ angan,kinakail´ angan
neglect
v.
1
to give little care orattention to:
hind ´ i’ asikas´ uhin,magk´ ulang, pagkul´ angan
2
to leaveundone, abandon:
magpabay´ a’,pabay´ aan
3
to omit, to fail:
kalim´ utan
4
to forget:
makalim´ utan
5
to overlook:
kaligta´ an, kalingat´an,
•
n.
1
neglecting:
pagpapabay´ a’,kapabaya´ an
 2
want of attention towhat should be done:
pagkuk´ ulang
3
oversight:
pagkaligt´ a’, pagkaling´ at
negligent
adj.
1
neglectful, showingneglect:
pabay´ a’, mapagpabay´ a’
2
indifferent:
wal´ ang bah´ ala’, ma-pagpabay´ a’
3
careless:
wal´ ang ´ ingat
Negro
n.
a person belonging to anyof the black races of Africa:
N´egro,itim
nephew
n.
a son of one’s brother orsister, son of one’s brother-in-law orsister-in-law:
pamangk ´ ing lal´ aki
nest
n.
1
p´ ugad
2
a place thatswarms, usually with somethingbad:
p´ ugad, pamugar´ an
•
v.
tomake and use a nest:
magp´ ugad,pamug´ aran, pagpug´ aran
net
n.
1
lamb´ at
2
a big fishing net:
p´ ukot, pam´ ukot
3
a mosquito net:
kulamb´ o’, muskit´ero
4
a hair net:
h´ernet, lamb´ at sa buh´ ok (´ ulo)
5
anet for catching butterflies, birds, lo-custs, etc.:
 saky´ od
6
a trap or snare:
s ´ ilo’, b´ itag, patib´ ong
7
remainingamount after deduction, free fromdeductions:
n´eto
•
v.
1
to catch ina net:
manlamb´ at, lambat ´ in
2
to netfish:
mam´ ukot, manlamb´ at
3
to gaininterest:
magt´ ubo’, tum´ ubo’
4
tobenefit:
pakinab´ angan, makin´ abang
never
adv.
1
not ever, at no time:
hind ´ i’ kailanm´ an
2
not at all:
hind ´ ing-hind ´ i’, talag´ ang hind ´ i’
new
adj.
1
never having beenbefore, now first made:
b´ ago
2
lately(plus the corresponding Eng. verb):
b´ ago
, e.g. (a) lately grown:
b´ agong t´ ubo’ (tan ´ im)
(b) lately picked:
b´ agong pit´ as
(c) lately come:
b´ agong dat ´ ing
(d) lately made:
b´ agong y´ ari’
3
not worn or used up:
hind ´ i’ pa naisusu´ ot (nagag´ amit)
4
as if new,fresh:
panib´ ago
 5
different, changed:
ib´ a, b´ ago
6
later, modern, recent:
makab´ ago
7
not yet accustomed to:
baguh´ an, hind ´ i’ pa hirat ´ i, bag ´ ito
•
adv.
newly:
b´ ago
newspaper
n.
pahayag´ an, pery´ odiko,diy´ aryo
next
adj.
1
nearest:
kasun´ od, katab´ i,kap´ iling
2
following:
sumusun´ od,kasun´ od
3
coming:
dar´ ating
•
prep.
nearest to:
katab´ ing-katab´ i (ng),kas ´ iping na kas ´ iping (ng), pinaka-mal´ apit (sa)
•
adv.
in the followingsequence or place:
pagkat´ apos,kasun´ od
nibble
v.
to eat away with quick,small bites:
magkuk´ ot, kukut ´ in
•
n.
a small bite:
kuk´ ot, mali ´ it na kag´ at
nice
adj.
1
pleasing, agreeable:
nakal´ ulugod, kalug´ ud-lug´od
2
sat-isfactory:
nakas ´ isiya, kasiy´ a-siy´ a,mah´ usay
 3
proper, suitable:
b´ agay,angk´ op
4
very particular, dainty, fas-tidious:
mas´elan, mas´elang, mas ´ iba’,pih ´ ikan
5
very fine, minute, subtle:
napakali ´ it, lubh´ ang mali ´ it
nickname
n.
a familiar name usedinstead of a person’s real name:
pal´ ayaw
•
v.
to give a nickname to:
ipal´ ayaw, palay´ awan

night 109 nose

niece
n.
a daughter of one’s brotheror sister, or of a sister-in-law orbrother-in-law:
pamangk ´ ing bab´ ae
night
n.
the time between eveningand morning:
gab´ i
•
adj.
1
of night:
panggab´ i, sa gab´ i
2
the whole night:
magdam´ ag
3
midnight:
hatinggab´ i
nightgown
n.
the garment of awoman or child worn in bed:
dam ´ it na pantul´ og, naytgaun
nightmare
n.
1
a very distressingdream:
bang´ ungot
2
a frightening ordistressing experience:
nakatat´akot na karanas´ an
 3
to have a nightmare:
bang´ ungutin
nine
n/adj.
nuw´ebe, siy´ am
nineteen
adj.
disinuw´ebe, labin-siy´ am
nip
v.
1
to snip off (esp. withfingers):
kumit ´ il, kitil ´ in, kitl ´ in
2
tobite suddenly:
kumag´ at na bigl´ a’,kagat ´ ing bigl´ a’
3
to pinch (withthumb and finger or with the nails):
mangur´ ot, kumur´ ot, kurut ´ in
4
tospoil, injure as plants nipped byfrost:
sumir´ a’, masir´ a’, sir´ ain
•
n.
a sharp cold, chill:
matind ´ ing lam ´ ig
nipa
n.
1
an East Indian palm:
n ´ ipa,p´ uno’ ng sas´ a’
2
a thatch made of its leaves:
sas´ a’, p´ awid
nipple
n.
1
a small projectionthrough which a baby animal getsits mother’s milk:
ut´ ong
2
a rubbercap or mouthpiece of a baby’sbottle:
tsup´ on, tet ´ ilya
nit
n.
1
egg of a louse:
lis´ a’,itl´ og ng k´ uto
2
young of a louse:
kuy´ umad
 •
v.
to pick out nitsand/or lice:
maghiniks ´ ik, hiniksik´ an,maghing´ uto, hingut´ uhan
no
n.
a negative answer:
hind ´ i’
•
adj.
not any, not a:
wal´ a’
•
adv.
not in any degree:
hind ´ i’ na
•
n.
avote against:
k´ ontra, t´ utol, l´ aban
noble
adj.
1
high or great by birth,rank or title:
mah´ arlika, mata´ as,mah´ al
2
high or great in charac-ter, showing greatness of mind:
marang´ al, dak ´ ila’
3
excellent, fine,splendid, magnificent:
napakagand´ a,napakarik ´ it
•
n.
a person high orgreat by birth:
t´ aong mah´ arlika,mata´ as na (dak ´ ilang) t´ ao
nocturnal
adj.
1
of the night:
pang-gab´ i
2
in the night:
sa gab´ i
nod
v.
1
to bow the head slightlyand raise it again quickly:
tumang´ o’
2
to let the head fall forward andbob about when sleepy:
magyukay´ ok,magtukat´ ok, magtukak ´ i’
 3
to say yesby nodding:
tumang´ o’, tangu´ an
4
tobe sleepy:
mag-ant´ ok, magyukay´ ok,magtukat´ ok
•
n.
1
a bowing of the head:
tang´ o’, pagtang´ o’
2
anodding of the head as when sleepy:
pagyuyukay´ ok, pagtutukat´ ok
noise
n.
1
a sound that is notpleasant or musical:
´ ingay
2
clamor:
lingg´ al, kaing´ ayan, pagkaka ´ ingay
•
v.
1
to tell, spread the news:
mag-bal ´ ita’, mabal ´ ita’, ibal ´ ita’, ipamal ´ ita’
2
to make a noise:
mag-ing´ ay,um ´ ingay, paing´ ayin
noisy
adj.
making much noise:
nagkakaing´ ay, ma ´ ingay
noodle
n.
a mixture of flour andwater like macaroni:
m ´ ike, b´ ihon,m ´ iswa
noon
n.
1
the middle of the day:
tangh´ ali’, al´ as-d´ ose ng tangh´ ali’
2
high noon:
katanghal ´ ian, tangh´ aling tap´ at
normal
adj.
1
of the usual stan-dard, regular, usual:
karan ´ iwan,pangkaran ´ iwan, norm´ al, katamt´ aman
2
not insane:
ma´ ayos (mab´ uti) ang ´ isip, matin´ o’, hind ´ i’ l´ oko/a, hust´ oang ba ´ it
•
n.
the usual state orlevel:
katamt´ aman, karan ´ iwan
north
n.
hilag´ a’, n´ orte
•
adv.
toward the north:
pahil´ aga’, pan´ orte
nose
n.
1
the part of the face justabove the mouth:
il´ ong
2
sense of smell:
pangam´ oy
3
the part thatstands out, esp. the bow of a ship orboat:
ng´ uso’, ung´ os
•
v.
1
to smell:
umam´ oy, amuy´ an, maamuy´ an
2
to pry into:
umam´ oy, amuy´ an,

not 110 nurse

hum´ anap, han´ apin, magmanm´ an,
3
to poke one’s nose into otherpeople’s business (coll.), to interfere:
makial´ am, pakialam´ an
4
to paythrough the nose (coll.), to paytoo much:
magb´ ayad nang l´ abis (napakamah´ al)
5
to blow the nose:
suming´ a, ising´ a, pasingah ´ in
6
towipe the nose:
magp´ ahid ng il´ ong,pah ´ iran ang il´ ong
7
bridge of thenose:
 baling´ usan
not
adv.
1
hind ´ i’
2
not present, ab-sent:
wal´ a’
3
not so:
hind ´ i’ ga´ ano,hind ´ i’ lubh´ a’, hind ´ i’ masy´ ado
4
donot:
huw´ ag
note
n.
1
a short sentence, phrase orword to remind one of what was in abook, etc.:
tal´ a’, not´ a
2
a comment,remark or piece of information:
pans ´ in, pun´ a
3
a very short letter:
maikl ´ ing sul´ at (lih´ am, kalat´ as)
•
v.
1
to write down something tobe remembered:
magtal´ a’, ital´ a’
2
to observe, notice, give attentionto:
pumans ´ in, pansin ´ in, pumun´ a,punah ´ in, magmaty´ ag, matyag´ an
nothing
pron.
not anything:
wal´ a’
•
n.
1
zero:
wal´ a’, s´ero
2
a thing (orperson) of no importance or signifi-cance:
bag´ ay na (t´ aong) wal´ ang ha-lag´ a, wal´ang anum´ an, wal´ ang b´ agay
notice
n.
1
heed, attention:
pans ´ in
2
 a warning:
babal´ a’
3
a written orprinted sign:
paun´ awa’, patalast´ as,pabat ´ id
4
telling that one is leavinga person’s employ:
pa´ unang-s´ abi
5
a written or printed accountin a newspaper:
bal ´ ita’, pah´ ayag,paun´ awa’, patalast´ as
•
v.
1
to giveattention to, see:
pumans ´ in, ma-pans ´ in, pansin ´ in, pumun´ a, mapun´ a,punah ´ in, umin´ o, main´ o, inuh ´ in
2
to give notice that one will leaveone’s employ, etc.:
magbig´ ay-al´ am or mags´ abi
novel
n.
a story with characters anda plot:
nob´ela, kathamb´ uhay
•
adj.
new, of a new king or nature:
b´ ago,nabab´ ago, naiib´ a
November
n.
Noby´embre
now 1
the present time, this time:
ngay´ on
2
now that:
ngay´ ong...
3
since:
y´ amang, yay´ amang
4
at thistime:
ngay´ on, sa kasaluk´ uyan
5
bythis time:
sa ´ oras na it´ o, sa ngay´ on
6
as things are, as it is:
ngay´ on,sa kasaluk´ uyan
7
just now, onlya few moments ago:
kan ´ i-kan ´ ina l´ amang, ngay´ on l´ amang, ngay´ un-ngay´ on l´ amang
 8
now and then,or now and again, from time totime, once in a while:
pam ´ insan-m ´ insan, mam ´ insan-m ´ insan, kung magkam ´ insan
nude
adj.
completely naked:
hub´ o’t hub´ ad, wal´ ang dam ´ it
numb
adj.
having lost the powerof feeling or moving:
manh ´ id na mamanh ´ id, wal´ ang pakiramd´ am,hind ´ i’ nakakaramd´ am
•
v.
1
tomake numb:
magpamanh ´ id, papa-manhir ´ in
2
to dull the feelings of:
magpataml´ ay, patamlay ´ in,
number
n.
1
the count or sum of a group of things or persons:
b´ ilang
2
a number that tells how many, anumeral:
n´ umero, b´ ilang
3
a largequantity:
d´ ami
4
an issue of a mag-azine:
lab´ as, b´ ilang
5
single part of aprogram:
b´ ilang
•
v.
1
to count, findout the number:
bum ´ ilang, bil´ angin
2
to give a number to:
magn´ umero,numeruh´ an
numbness
n.
lack of feelingor movement, numb condition:
manh ´ id, pamamanh ´ id, m ´ itig,pamim ´ itig, ng´ alay, pangang´ alay,ng ´ imay, panging ´ imay
(”Mitig,””Ngalay” and ”Ngimay” connote numbness due to fatigue.)
nun
n.
 1
a woman belonging to a re-ligious congregation:
m´ adre
2
a con-templative nun:
m´ ongha
nurse
n.
a person who takes careof the sick, etc.:
nars, n´ arses
•
v.
1
to act as a nurse for sickpeople:
mag-al´ aga’ ng may sak ´ it,alag´ aan ang maysak ´ it
2
to nourish,

nurture 111 occupied

make grow, protect:
magsimp´ an,magtan ´ im, mag-al´ aga’
3
to use ortreat with special care:
mag-al´ aga’,alag´ aan
4
to give milk to a baby:
magpas´ uso, pasus´ uhin
5
to suckmilk from a mother:
sum´ uso
6
a wetnurse:
mam´ ay, sis ´ iwa
nurture
n.
rearing, bringing up,training:
pagpapalak ´ i, pag-aal´ aga’
•
v.
to rear, bring up, care for, etc.:
magpalak ´ i, palakih ´ in, mag-al´ aga’,alag´ aan
nut
n.
1
dry fruit or seed with akernel in a hard shell:
nuw´es
2
peanut:
man ´ i’
3
 a kind of nut sim-ilar to cashew nut:
pil ´ i’
4
walnut:
nuw´es de nog´ al
5
coconut:
niy´ og
6
asmall block, usually of metal, whichscrews on to a bolt:
tuw´erka
7
acrazy person (slang):
l´ oko/a, hib´ ang
nutmeg
n.
a hard spicy seed fromthe fruit of an East Indian tree:
nuw´es musk´ ada
nutritious
adj.
nourishing, health-giving:
pampalus´ og, nakapag-papalus´ og, nakapagpapatab´ a’,masust´ ansiya
nymph
n.
a lesser goddess of nature:
n ´ impa, diw´ ata’
O
oatmeal
n.
oats made into a break-fast cereal:
´ otmil
oblique
adj.
1
slanting:
pahiw ´ id,pahil ´ is, pahil ´ ig, tagil ´ id, patagil ´ id,pair´ ap
2
indirect, not straightfor-ward:
pasabl´ ay, padapl ´ is, paiw´ as
observe
v.
1
to see and note, notice:
pumans ´ in, mapans ´ in, pansin ´ in,pumun´ a, mapun´ a, punah ´ in
2
to ex-amine (closely), study:
magsiy´ asat,siyas´ atin, mag-obserb´ a, obserbah´ an,mag-´ aral, pag-ar´ alan
3
to watchclosely:
magbant´ ay, bantay´ an
4
 toobserve cautiously:
magmanm´ an,manman´ an, magmaty´ ag, matyag´ an
5
to remark:
pumun´ a, punah ´ in,pumans ´ in, pansin ´ in
6
to keep,follow in practice:
tumup´ ad, tupd ´ in,sumun´ od, sund ´ in, guman´ ap, ganap´ in
7
to observe things close at hand:
magmas ´ id, pagmasd´ an
8
to showregard for, celebrate:
magd ´ iwang,ipagd ´ iwang
obsolete
adj.
no longer in use, outof date:
lip´ as na, la´ os na, hind ´ i’ na ginag´amit
obstruct
v.
1
to block up, makehard to pass through:
humadl´ ang,hadlang´ an, hum´ arang, har´ angan,bumar´ a, barah´ an, sumagw ´ il, sag-wil´ an
2
to prevent or impede:
sumaw´ ata’, masaw´ ata’, sawat´ ain
3
to hinder, be in the way of:
pum ´ igil,makap´ igil, pig ´ ilin
obstruction
n.
1
a thing thatobstructs, something in the way:
hadl´ ang, sag´abal, sagw ´ il, bal´ akid,bar´ a, h´ alang
2
the act of blocking,hindering:
paghadl´ ang, pagsag´ abal,pagh´ alang, pagp´ igil
obtain
v.
to get:
kum´ uha, k´ unin,magkam ´ it, kamt´ an, magtam´ o,tamuh ´ in
obtuse
adj.
1
not sharp or acute:
bik´ a’, bisakl´ at
2
blunt or roundedat the extremity, opposed to acute:
bilug´ an ang d´ ulo
3
stupid, dullintellectually:
 tang´ a, mah ´ ina’ ang ´ ulo ( ´ isip), mapur´ ol ang ´ ulo
occupation
n.
1
business, employ-ment, trade:
tungk´ ulin, trab´ aho,hanapb´ uhay, gaw´ ain
2
what oneis continually doing:
ang gina-gaw´ a’ (inaat´ upag), trab´ aho
3
thestate of being busy:
karam ´ ihan ng gaw´ ain (ginagaw´ a’, trab´ aho)
4
actof occupying, e.g. by a country:
pags´ akop, panan´ akop
5
the stateof being occupied as by an enemyof a country or town:
pagkas´ akop,pagkakas´ akop
6
taking residence ina house, etc., occupying:
pagtir´ a,pagt´ ahan, pag-okup´ a
occupied
adj.
1
not vacant:
may t´ ao, may nakatir´ a, okup´ ado, hind ´ i’

October 112 on
bak´ ante
2
busy:
okup´ ado, ma-trab´ aho, mar´ aming ginagaw´ a’
3
being used:
ginag´ amit
October
n.
Okt´ ubre
odor
n.
1
smell:
am´ oy
2
a bad odor:
masam´ ang am´ oy
3
a nice odor:
masar´ ap na am´ oy
4
 a sweet, nice,pleasant smell:
bang´ o
5
scent, fra-grance:
bang´ o, halim´ uyak
6
Tagalogterms for different kinds of odor,odor of burnt food esp. rice:
ang ´ i
7
odor of fish:
lans´ a
8
odor of milk:
angg´ o
9
disagreeable odor:
ang´ot
10
offensive odor:
b´ aho’, aling´ asaw
11
repulsive odor:
ant´ot
12
repulsivebody odor or odor of a goat:
angh ´ it
13
strong odor:
sangs´ ang
of
prep.
1
belonging to:
ng, ni
2
made from:
y´ ari’ sa
3
concerningor in regard to:
tungk´ ol sa
4
from:
g´aling sa, mul´ a’ sa
5
which (who)has:
na may (mayro´ on)
6
among:
sa
off
adj.
 1
from:
mul´ a’ sa, b´ uhat (g´ aling) sa
2
from here:
mul´ a’ r ´ ito
3
from now:
mul´ a’ ngay´ on
4
wholly, in full:
lub´ os, lub´ usan, lah´ at,lah´ atan
5
away, at a distance, to adistance:
palay´ o’, paal ´ is
6
adv/prep
•
away from, far from: wal´ a’ sa,mal´ ayo’ sa, palay´ o’.
•
adj/prep.
1
not on, loose:
tangg´ al
2
off and on,from time to time:
manak´ a-nak´ a’,panak´ a-nak´ a’, mam ´ insan-mins´ an,pam ´ insan-m ´ insan
3
to be well off:
nakaririwas´ a’
offering
n.
1
giving something asan act of worship:
paghahand´ og,pag- a´ alay, pagsasakrip´ isyo
2
con-tribution:
ab´ uloy
3
something givenas an act of worship:
´ alay, hand´ og,sakrip´ isyo
office
n.
1
position, esp. a publicone:
tungk´ ulin, katungk´ ulan
2
the duty of one’s position, task, job, work:
tungk´ ulin, katungk´ ulan,gaw´ ain, gaw´ a’, trab´ aho
3
the placein which the work of a position isdone:
 opis ´ ina, tangg´ apan
often
adv.
many times or frequently:
mal ´ imit, madal´ as
oil
n.
1
a thick fatty or greasy liquid:
lang ´ is
2
crude oil:
lang ´ is na kr´ udo
•
v.
1
to put oil in or on:
maglang ´ is,langis´ an, maglag´ ay (lagy´ an) ng lang ´ is
2
to burn the midnight oil,to study or work late or during thenight:
mags´ unog ng k ´ ilay, magl´ amay sa (ng) pag-a´ aral (pagtratrab´ aho)
oily
adj.
1
containing oil:
may lang ´ is
2
covered or soaked with oil:
malang ´ is, mamant ´ ika’
3
slippery:
madul´ as
4
too smooth, suspi-ciously or disagreeably smooth:
mapaglang ´ is, langis´ero/a
old
adj.
1
not young, aged:
matand´ a’
2
that seems old:
mukh´ ang matand´ a’ na, mukh´ ang may ed´ ad na
3
muchworn by age, worn:
l´ uma’
4
of age,in age (Use noun):
g´ ulang, ed´ ad, sa g´ ulang
5
having much experience:
san´ ay, bih´ asa’, bihas´ a’
6
former:
d´ ati, dat ´ ihan
7
not new, not recent:
l´ uma’, matag´ al na
8
out-of-date:
lip´ as na, makal´ uma’
•
n.
the time of long ago, the past:
´ unang panah´ on,nakara´ ang panah´ on, lum ´ ipas na panah´ on
older
n.
1
more advanced in age:
mas (l´ along, hig ´ it na) matand´ a’
2
older in wear:
mas (l´ along) l´ uma’
omelet/omelette
n.
a dish made of beaten eggs, milk, etc., and fried orbaked:
t´ orta, tort ´ ilya, ´ omelet
omission
n.
1
act of omittingor being omitted:
hind ´ i’ (di, di-)pagsas´ ama, di-pagkas´ ama, di-pagkakas´ ama
2
thing omitted:
ang nakaligta´ an, ang di nakas´ ama, ang nalaktaw´ an
omit
v.
1
to leave out:
´ iwan,lumakt´ aw, laktaw´ an, huw´ ag is´ ama, magkalt´ as, kaltas ´ in
2
tofail to do, neglect:
magpab´ aya’,pabay´ aan, kalingat´an
3
to over-look:
makaligta´ an, kaligta´ an,makalingat´ an. (”Ma-,” expresses indeliberate action.)
on
prep.
1
above and supported by:
once 113 open
sa, sa ib´ abaw
2
touching so as tocover or be around:
Commonly ex-pressed by ”sa.”
3
resting on:
n´ asa
4
close to, located:
mal´ apit sa, n´ asa
5
at the past or previous time of:
nang,no´ ong
6
at the future time of:
sa
7
for the purpose of:
d´ ahil sa
8
againstor upon:
n´ asa
9
among:
kab´ ilang sa,n´ asa
10
concerning, in relation to, inconnection with:
tungk´ ol sa, hingg ´ il sa
•
adv.
in the direction of, toward:
papunt´ a sa, pat´ ungo’ sa
•
adj.
1
tak-ing place:
mayro´ on na, nagsisimul´a’ na
2
and so on, and more of thesame:
at ib´ a pang gay´ a (k´ agaya) nit´ o
3
on and on, without stopping:
nang wal´ ang t ´ igil
once
adv.
1
one time:
m ´ insan, nang m ´ insan
2
formerly:
 d´ ati
•
n.
singleoccasion:
m ´ insan, is´ ang pagkakata´ on
•
conj.
1
if ever, whenever:
pag,pagk´ a, kung, kap´ ag
2
all at once,suddenly:
bigl´ a’ na l´ amang, kagins´ a-gins´ a’ na l´ amang, bigl´ a’ na l´ amang
3
at once, immediately:
kar´ aka-r´ aka, kapagkar´ aka, kapagd´ aka,ag´ ad, ag´ ad-ag´ ad
4
once and forall, finally or decisively:
wak´ asan,m ´ insan na l´ amang, m ´ insan pa,katapus´ an na
5
once in a while,now and then:
pam ´ insan-m ´ insan,mam ´ insan-m ´ insan, manak´ a-nak´ a’,panak´ a-nak´ a’
6
once upon a time,long ago:
no´ ong ´ unang panah´ on,nang matag´ al nang panah´ on
7
oncemore, again:
mul ´ i’, m ´ insan pa
one
n.
the number 1:
´ uno, is´ a
•
pron.
1
any person:
s ´ inuman,ang is´ ang t´ ao, k´ ahit s ´ ino, iyung
2
anything:
alinm´ an, k´ ahit al ´ in,anum´ an, k´ ahit an´ o, mask ´ i an´ o,mask ´ i al ´ in
•
adj.
1
some:
b´ alang,is´ a, sa ib´ a
2
joined together, united:
sab´ ay-sab´ ay, s´ ama-s´ ama, iis´ a
3
thesame:
iis´ a, nagkakais´ a, magkais´ a,par´eho (Sp.)
 4
at one, in agreementor harmony:
magkasund´ o’, magkaka-sund´ o’, magkais´ a, magkakais´ a
5
itis all one, it makes no difference:
wal´ ang pagkakaib´ a, par´eho
6
oneand all, everyone:
lah´ at, b´ awa’t is´ a
7
one by one:
is´ a-is´ a
8
one afteranother:
sun´ ud-sun´ od
9
one andonly:
kais´ a-is´ a
10
one or two, a few:
il´ an
11
one too many, too much:
l´ abis, s´ obra
12
one each:
tig-is´ a,tig ´ isa, tig-iis´ a, tigi-tig-is´ a
13
theonly one:
t´ angi’, bugt´ ong, s´ olo,uniko/a
oneself
n/pron.
1
one’s own self:
sar ´ ili
2
to be oneself means (a) tohave full control of one’s mind orbody:
magp´ igil sa sar ´ ili, pig ´ ilin ang sar ´ ili, magpakat´ ao, magpakatin´ o’
(b) to act naturally:
kum ´ ilos nang natur´ al, huw´ ag mag-art ´ ista
onion
n.
sib´ uyas
only
adj.
1
one and no more:
t´ angi’
2
by itself, e.g. son or daughter:
bugt´ ong, s´ olo, nag-iis´ a, kais´ a-is´ a,t´ angi’
 3
best, finest:
pinakamab´ uti,pinakamagal ´ ing
•
adv.
just, merely:
l´ amang
•
conj.
1
but then:
sub´ ali’t,l´ amang, datapw´ a’t, ng´ uni’t
2
exceptthat, if it had not:
l´ amang, kung hind ´ i’ s´ ana
3
”if only,” meaning ”Iwish”:
s´ ana, s´ ana’y
open
adj.
1
not shut or closed:
buk´ as, nakabuk´ as
2
not covered:
wal´ ang tak ´ ip
3
not hidden or secret:
di-l ´ ihim, hay´ ag, hay´ agan, lant´ad,lant´ aran
4
unfolded, spread out:
buk´ a, buk´ ad, bukadk´ ad (for flow-ers); buk´ a (for legs, wounds, etc.);nakangang´ a (also for wounds or
mouth)
5
ready to receive or accept:
hand´ ang tumangg´ ap
6
that may beentered, shared, etc. by all:
buk´ as sa lah´ at, masasal ´ ihan ng lah´ at
7
frankand sincere:
tap´ at, matap´ at
8
unde-cided:
hind ´ i’ pa napagpapasiyah´ an
9
accessible, available:
magagaw´ a’ o magag´ amit
10
open to all to see,not obstructed:
lant´ ad, tany´ ag
 •
v.
1
to make open:
magbuk´ as, buks´ an,ibuk´ as
2
to become open:
bumuk´ as,mabuks´ an
3
to blossom:
bumuk´ a,bumuk´ ad, bumukadk´ ad
4
to open

opening 114 order

the mouth:
ngumang´ a, ingang´ a,buks´ an ang bib´ ig
5
to open theeyes:
magm´ ulat, mam´ ulat, im´ ulat
6
to open with force:
tumingk´ ab,tingkab´ in
7
to come apart orburst open:
bumuk´ a
8
to begin:
magsimul´ a’, pasimul´ an, simul´ an,magbuk´ as, buks´ an
9
to start or setup:
magbuk´ as, buks´ an
10
to spreadout or unfold:
magbuk´ as, buks´ an,magbukl´at, buklat ´ in
11
to openfire, to begin shooting:
magpaput´ ok,paputuk ´ in, paputuk´ an, mamar ´ il,baril ´ in
12
to keep open house, tooffer food and shelter to all visitorsor to all one’s friends:
magbuk´ as ng pint´ o’ sa lah´ at, buks´ an ang pint´o’ sa lah´ at
13
to open a person’s eyes,to make one see what is really goingon:
magbuk´ as ng mat´ a, buks´ an ang mat´ a
14
the open, the open air,outdoors, open country, clear space:
lab´ as
opening
n.
1
 a hole:
b´ utas
2
agap:
puw´ ang
3
the first part or thebeginning:
simul´ a’, umpis´ a, ´ unang bah´ agi
4
a formal beginning oropening:
pagbubuk´ as
5
the placeor position that is open or vacant:
bak´ ante, puw´ ang
6
a favorablechance or opportunity:
pagkakata´ on,magand´ ang pagkakata´ on
7
act of making open:
pagbubuk´ as
8
factof becoming open:
pagkakabuk´ as,pagkakapagbuk´ as
•
adj.
first, be-ginning:
pansimul´ a’, panimul´ a’,pamb´ ungad, pang-umpis´ a
operate
v.
1
to set in action ormotion:
magpaand´ ar, paandar ´ in,magman´eho, maneh´ ohin
2
to run,keep working:
umand´ ar, tumakb´ o
3
to manage or direct:
mamah´ ala’,pamahal´ aan, mangas ´ iwa’, pan-gasiw´ aan
4
to perform an operation:
mag-oper´ a, umoper´ a, operah ´ in, tu-mist ´ is, tistis ´ in
5
to produce a directeffect, act:
magkab´ isa’, pagkabis´ ain,tumal´ ab, tabl´ an
opinion
n.
1
what one thinks abouta subject:
palag´ ay, k´ uro-k´ uro’,opiny´ on
2
impression:
 pagpapalag´ ay,palapalag´ ay
3
opinion without muchbasis, supposition:
h´ aka’, h´ aka-h´ aka’
4
estimation, judgment (in a broadsense):
w´ ari’, pakiw´ ari’
5
formal judgment by an expert, professionaladvice:
pasiy´ a, h´ atol, p´ ayo
6
belief:
paniw´ ala’, paniniw´ ala’
opium
n.
´ opyum, ´ opyo, ´ apyan
opportunity
n.
chance:
pagkakata´ on,oportunid´ ad
opposite
adj.
1
face to face:
katap´ at, magkatap´ at, n´ asa tap´ at,kahar´ ap, magkahar´ ap, n´ asa har´ ap,kabil´ a’, n´ asa kabil´ a’
2
just contrary:
kasalung´ at, magkasalung´ at, kaba-likt´ aran
3
antagonistic:
kal´aban
4
placed or located just on the otherside, e.g. of a street, river, etc.:
sa ib´ ayo
•
n.
the reverse:
kabaligtar´ an
optician
n.
maker or seller of eye-glasses:
´ optiko
or
conj.
1
a word suggesting achoice:
o
2
if not:
kung hind ´ i’,kund ´ i’
3
 or otherwise:
o kay´ a’y, od ´ ili kay´ a’y
orange
n.
a round, reddish-yellow, juicy fruit or the tree it growson:
daland´ an o kah´el, dalangh ´ ita’,sint´ unis o sint´ ones
orbit
n.
the path of the earth,moon, planet, etc., around thesun or another heavenly body:
ang land´ as (lig ´ iran) ng mund´ o, buw´ an,t´ ala’ at ib´ a pa sa pal ´ igid ng ´ araw ong anum´ ang plan´eta,
´ orbita
orchard
n.
a piece of groundon which fruit trees are grown:
lo´ obang natatamn´ an ng mga p´ unong namum´ unga
orchestra
n.
1
the group of symphony musicians playing ata concert, an opera, or a play:
ork´estra, ork´esta
2
the main floor of a theatre:
ork´esta, ork´estra, but´ aka
orchid
n.
a plant with beautifulflowers:
d´ apo’, ork ´ idyas
order
v.
1
to tell what to do, to com-

say 152 scoop

on the edge:
lag´ ari’
•
v.
1
to cutwith a saw:
maglag´ ari’, lumag´ ari’,lagar ´ iin
2
past tense of ”see”:
nak ´ ita, nakak ´ ita
say
v.
1
to utter:
mags´ abi, sab´ ihin,magw ´ ika’, wik´ ain
2
to pronouncein words:
 bigkas ´ in
3
to speak:
magsalit´ a’, salita ´ in
4
that is tosay, that is, in other words:
ang ´ ibig sab´ ihin, sa ib´ ang pangung´ usap,alala´ ong bag´ a
5
to say nothing of,without mentioning:
huw´ ag nang banggit ´ in pa
6
they say, it is said:
sinas´ abi nil´ a
•
n.
what one hassaid or has to say, testimony, word:
salit´ a’, pangung´ usap
scab
n.
1
the crust that formsover a sore during healing:
lang ´ ib
2
a strike-breaker:
eskir´ ol
•
v.
to become covered with a scab:
maglang ´ ib, magkalang ´ ib
scald
v.
1
to heat almost to boiling,but not quite:
magpa ´ init (pain ´ itin,i ´ init) l´ amang na mab´ uti
2
to pourboiling liquid over:
magbanl ´ i’,banli´ an
3
to burn with hot liquid:
mabanli´ an
•
n.
a burn caused byhot liquid or steam:
banl ´ i’, p´ aso’
scale
n.
1
one of the thin, flat hardplated forming the outer cover-ing of some fishes or snakes andlizards:
kalisk ´ is
2
an instrument forweighing:
 timb´ angan
3
a series of marks made along a line at regularintervals to use in measuring:
gr´ ado
4
a series of steps or degrees:
isk´ ala,esk´ ala, ant´ as
scar
n.
1
the mark left by a healedcut, wound, burn or sore:
p´eklat,p´ ilat
2
any mark like a scar:
g´ alos,gasg´ as, d´ ungis, bat ´ ik
•
v.
to marklike a scar:
magkag´ alos, gal´ usan,makagasg´ as, gasgas ´ in
scare
v.
1
to frighten:
tum´ akot,man´ akot, tak´ utin
2
to be fright-ened:
mat´ akot
•
n.
a fright:
t´ akot,pagkat´ akot
scarecrow
n.
a figure of a mandressed in old clothes, set in a fieldto frighten birds away from growingcrops:
pan´ akot, pan´ akot ng ´ ibon
scarf
n.
a long broad strip of clothworn about the neck, shoulders,head, etc.:
band´ ana, bup´ anda
scatter
v.
1
to throw here and there,sprinkle:
mags´ abog, is´ abog, sab´ ugan,pasab´ ugin
2
to throw loosely about:
magkal´ at, ik´ alat, kal´ atan
3
toseparate and drive off in differentdirections:
bumul´ abog, bulab´ ugin,papaghiw´ a-hiwalay ´ in
4
 to separateand go in different directions:
maghiw´ a-hiwal´ ay, mabul´ abog
scenery
n.
1
a general appearanceof a place:
tan´ awin
2
painted hang-ings, fittings, etc., used in a theatreto represent places:
sen´ aryo, tel´ on
scholar
n.
1
a pupil at school:
mag-aar´ al, estudy´ ante, iskuw´ela
2
a learned person:
pant´ as, pah´ am,palaar´ al
3
a student given money bya school, etc., to help him continuehis studies:
isk´ olar, pensiyon´ ado/a
school
n.
1
a place for teaching andlearning:
paaral´ an, eskuwelah´ an,iskuwelah´ an, isk´ ul
2
a large numberof fish swimming together:
k´ awan
3
a particular department of a uni-versity:
departam´ento, kagawar´ an,paaral´ an
•
v.
1
to train, disci-pline:
magt´ uro’, tur´ uan, mags´ anay,san´ ayin
2
adj
3
of having to dowith a school or schools:
sa (´ ukul sa)paaral´ an, ng paaral´ an, pampaaral´ an
scissors
n.
1
a tool or instrument forcutting:
gunt ´ ing
2
to cut with scis-sors or shears:
maggup´ it, gumup´ it,gupit ´ in, maggunt ´ ing, gunting ´ in
scold
 n.
to blame with angrywords:
magmur´ a, mur´ ahin, mag´ alit,kagal ´ itan, pagsab´ ihan
scoop
n.
1
a ladle:
sand´ ok, pans´ alok,pan´ alok, t´ abo’, pan´ abo’
2
act of scooping:
pags´ alok, pagsand´ ok,pags´ agap
•
v.
1
to take up orout with a scoop or as a scoopdoes:
sumand´ ok, sanduk ´ in, sum´ alok,sal´ ukin
2
to hollow out, dig out,

scooter 153 seat

make by scooping:
maghuk´ ay,hum´ ukay, huk´ ayin, huk´ ayan,magb´ utas, but´ asan, but´ asin
3
toscoop out, e.g., water from a smallboat, to bail:
maglim´ as, lumim´ as,limas ´ in
scooter
n.
a three wheeled motordriven vehicle:
isk´ uter
scream
v.
1
to utter a sharp, shrillcry:
tumil ´ i’, mapatil ´ i’
2
to makea loud cry:
humiy´ aw, mapahiy´ aw,sumig´ aw, mapasig´ aw
3
to laughloudly:
humalakh´ ak
•
n.
1
a sharp,piercing cry:
til ´ i’
2
a loud cry:
hiy´ aw, sig´ aw
screen
n.
 1
a covered frame thathides, protects, or separates:
t´ abing
2
surface on which (motion) picturesare shown:
put ´ ing-t´ abing
3
a sievefor sifting sand, gravel, coal, seed,etc.:
bith´ ay, pan´ ala’, sala´ an
•
v.
1
to shelter, protect or hide witha screen:
magt´ abing, tab´ ingan
2
toshow (a motion picture) on a screen:
ipak ´ ita sa put ´ ing-t´ abing, magpalab´ as (palabas ´ in sa s ´ ine)
3
to sift by usinga sieve or screen:
mabith´ ay, bithay ´ in,mags´ ala’, sal´ ain
screw
n.
1
a kind of nail with a ridgetwisted evenly around its length:
torn ´ ilyo, turn ´ ilyo
2
propeller thatmoves a boat:
elis´e
•
v.
1
to turnas a screw does, twist:
magr´ oskas,ir´ oskas
2
to fasten with a screwor screws:
magtorn ´ ilyo, itorn ´ ilyo,tornilyuh´ an
3
to have a screw loose,to be crazy (slang):
maluw´ ag ang torn ´ ilyo, l´ oko, sir´ a’ ang ´ ulo
screwdriver
n.
a tool for puttingin or taking out screws by turningthem:
distornilyad´ or, disturnilyad´ or
sculptor
n.
a person who carves ormodels figures:
eskult´ or, iskult´ or,manlil ´ ilok
scum
n.
1
a thin layer that rises tothe top of a liquid:
 isk´ oma, lin´ ab
2
low, worthless people:
mga h´ amak na t´ ao
scythe
n.
a long curved blade ona long handle, for cutting grass:
mah´ abang (malak ´ ing) lingk´aw
sea
n.
a large body of salt watersmaller than an ocean:
d´ agat
seacoast
n.
land along the sea:
bayb´ayin, tab´ ing d´ agat, bayb´ ay-d´ agat
sea shell
n.
kab´ ibi
seal
n.
a design stamped on a pieceof wax, etc., to show ownership orauthority:
s´elyo, tat´ ak, panat´ ak
•
v.
1
to make with a seal:
magtat´ ak,tatak´ an, mags´elyo, selyuh´ an
2
toclose by sticking:
idik ´ it
3
to fill upa hole or holes:
magp´ asak, pas´ akan
4
to shut up, close tightly:
takp´ ang (sarh´ ang) mahigp´ it, isar´ ang mab´ uti
seamstress
n.
woman who earnsher living by sewing:
manan´ ahi’,mod ´ ista , koster´era
seashore
n.
1
the land along the sea:
bayb´ ayin, tab´ ing-d´agat, bayb´ ay-d´ agat
2
the beach:
apl´ aya, dalampas ´ igan
season
n.
 1
one of the four peri-ods of the year: Spring:
tagasib´ ol
.Summer or hot season:
tag-in ´ it,tag-ar´ aw
. Rainy season:
tag-ul´ an
.Winter:
taglam ´ ig, taggin´ aw
2
anyperiod of time marked by somethingspecial:
panah´ on
3
suitable or fittime:
kapanah´ unan, panah´ on
•
v.
1
to improve the flavor of:
magtimpl´ a,timplah´ an, magrik´ ado, rikad´ uhan
2
to accustom, make used to:
sum´ anay, san´ ayin
3
in season andout of season:
hind ´ i’ panah´ on, wal´ a’ sa panah´ on
seasoning
n.
something thatgives better flavor:
pampal´ asa,pampasar´ ap
seat
n.
1
a thing to sit on:
up´ uan,likm´ uan, lukl´ ukan
2
the part of achair or bench on which one sits:
up´ uan
3
the part of the body onwhich one sits, or the clothingcovering it:
puw ´ it, puwit´ an, puw ´ itan
4
an established place or center:
s´entro, lukl´ ukan, lug´ ar
•
v.
1
to setor place on a seat:
umup´ o’, maup´ o’,
seaweed 154 sense
upu´ an, iup´ o’
2
be seated, sit down:
umup´ o’, maup´ o’
seaweed
n.
any plant or plantsgrowing in the sea:
dam´ ong-d´ agat
second
adj.
1
next after the first:
pangalaw´ a, ikalaw´ a
2
another, other:
is´ a pa
•
v.
to support, back up,assist:
pumangalaw´ a, pangalawah´ an
•
n.
1
a person who supports oraids another:
kat´ ulong, pangalaw´ a
2
a part of a minute:
seg´ undo, sagl ´ it
secret
adj.
1
kept from knowledgeof others:
l ´ ihim, sekr´eto
2
keepingto oneself what one knows:
mal ´ ihim,masekr´eto
3
known only to a few:
l ´ ihim, ling ´ id
4
kept from sight,hidden:
tag´ o’, natat´ ago’, kubl ´ i,nakukubl ´ i
•
n.
something secret orhidden:
l ´ ihim, sekr´eto
secretary
n.
1
kal ´ ihim, sekret´ arya/o
2
a person who has charge of adepartment of a government:
sekret´ aryo, kal ´ ihim
secretive
adj.
having the habit of secrecy, not frank or open:
mal ´ ihim,mapagl ´ ihim, masekr´eto
sediment
n.
matter that settles tothe bottom of a liquid:
l´ atak, t ´ ining
see
v.
1
to look at:
tuming ´ in,tingn´ an, magm´ alas, mal´ asin, tu-man´ aw, tanaw ´ in
2
to be aware of by using the eyes:
mak ´ ia, mam´ alas,mamasd´ an, matan´ aw
3
to under-stand:
umintind ´ i, maintindih´ an,intindih ´ in, umun´ awa’, maunaw´ aan,unaw´ ain
4
to find out, to thinkof:
umal´ am, alam ´ in, tumung ´ in,tingn´ an, um ´ isip, is ´ ipin
seed
n.
thing from which anythinggrows:
binh ´ i’, but´ o, sim ´ iya
seedling
n.
a young plant grownfrom a seed:
punl´ a’
seemingly
adv.
apparently, as faras appearances go:
p´ ara bag´ a, w´ ari’ bag´ a, sa w´ ari’, mukh´ a’, t ´ ila’
select
v.
to choose, pick out:
pum ´ ili’,pil ´ iin, mam ´ ili’, hum ´ irang, hir´ angin
•
adj.
1
picked as best, chosenspecially:
p´ ili’, h ´ irang
2
careful inchoosing, particular as to friends,company, etc.:
mas´elan, mas´elang,delik´ ado
self
n.
 an individual considered asthe subject of his own consciousness:
sar ´ ili
selfish
adj.
caring too much for one-self:
sak ´ im, masak ´ im, makasar ´ ili,mar´ amot
sell
v.
1
to give up for money or otherpayment:
magbil ´ i, ipagbil ´ i
2
to ped-dle around:
maglak´ o, ilak´ o
3
to sellin a store:
magtind´ a, itind´ a, magbil ´ i,ipagbil ´ i
seller
n.
one who sells:
ang nag-bibil ´ i, magtitind´ a, tagapagbil ´ i,tagapagtind´ a, tind´era/o
senator
n.
a member of the senate:
senad´ or
send
v.
1
to cause to go, to order:
mag-´ utos, ut´ usan, mags´ ugo’, sug´ uin
2
to cause to be carried:
magpadal´ a,padalh´ an, ipadal´ a, magpahat ´ id,ipahat ´ id, pahatd´ an
3
to cause to goto a place:
magpapunt´ a, papuntah ´ in
4
to send for, to cause to come:
mag-pat´ awag, ipat´ awag, magpasund´ o’,ipasund´ o’
sense
n.
1
the faculty of sensation:
(no single specific term although Balagtas in his ”Florante at Laura”used ”karamdaman,” e.g., ”limang
karamdaman” - five senses. Not used now in this way).
2
sense of sight:
paning ´ in
3
sense of smell:
pangam´ oy
 4
sense of taste:
panl´ asa
5
sense of hearing:
pandin ´ ig
6
sense of touch:
pandamd´ am
7
feeling:
pakiramd´ am, damd´ amin
8
understanding:
pangun´ awa’
9
appreciation:
pagpapahalag´ a
10
a clear or sound state of mind:
ba ´ it
11
judgment, intelligence:
tal ´ ino, katalin´ uhan, ´ isip, ba ´ it
12
common sense:
sent ´ ido kom´ un
13
meaning:
kahulug´ an, d ´ iwa’
•
v.
1
to feel, understand:
dumam´ a,madam´ a, damah ´ in, maramdam´ an,umun´ awa’, maunaw´ aan, unaw´ ain
2

sensible 155 service

to make sense, to be understand-able, to be reasonable:
maunaw´ aan,makatw ´ iran
3
in a sense, in somerespects or to some degree:
sa ib´ ang b´ agay, sa is´ ang d´ ako’
sensible
adj.
1
having goodsense, showing good judgment,wise:
makatw ´ iran, may katw ´ iran,may sent ´ ido kom´ un, mar´ unong,matal ´ ino, matin´ o’
2
aware, con-scious:
 al´ am, nalal´ aman, nadaram´ a,bat ´ id, nababat ´ id
3
that can be no-ticed:
mapapans ´ in, kapans ´ in-pans ´ in,nakik ´ ita, h´ alatain, kapun´ a-pun´ a
sensitive
adj.
1
receiving im-pressions readily:
madal ´ ing makaramd´ am, madal ´ ing makadam´ a
2
easily hurt or offended:
maramd´ amin, mapagdamd´ am
sentiment
n.
1
a mixture of thought and feeling:
damd´ amin
2
feeling, esp. refined or tenderfeeling:
damd´ amin, pagkaun´ awa’
3
personal opinion:
k´ uru-k´ uro’,palag´ ay, opiny´ on
sentimental
adj.
having or knowingmuch tender feeling:
sentiment´ al,madamd´ amin, malungk´ ot
sentinel
n.
one stationed to keepwatch and guard against surprises:
tal ´ iba’, t´ anod, guw´ ardiya, bant´ ay
separate
v.
1
to be between,keep apart, divide:
maghiwal´ ay,paghiwalay ´ in, ihiwal´ ay, magbuk´ od,pagbukur ´ in, ibuk´ od, magh´ ati’, hat ´ iin
2
to disconnect:
magtangg´ al, tang-gal ´ in
3
to separate two who arequarreling:
um´ awat, aw´ atin
4
to goapart:
maghiw´ a-hiwal´ ay, humiwal´ ay,hiwalay´ an, maghiwal´ ay, magwat´ ak-wat´ ak
5
to put apart:
maghiwal´ ay,ihiwal´ ay, maglay´ o’, ilay´ o’, mag-buk´ od, ibuk´ od, paghiw´ a-hiwalay ´ in,pagbuk´ ud-
bukur ´ in, paglay´ u-layu ´ in
6
to take away:
 mag-al ´ is, alis ´ in,maglay´ o’, ilay´ o’
•
adj.
1
individual,not joined:
buk´ od
2
apart fromothers:
hiwal´ ay, nakahiwal´ ay
September
n.
the ninth month:
Septy´embre, Septiy´embre, Sety´embre
sequence
n.
1
succession, the com-ing of one thing after another, orderof succession:
pagkakasun´ ud-sun´ od
2
something that follows, result:
kasun´ od
serious
adj.
1
thoughtful, grave:
porm´ al, s´eryo
2
in earnest, notfooling:
hind ´ i’ nagbibir´ o’
3
impor-tant, needing thought:
import´ ante,mahalag´ a
4
dangerous:
malubh´ a’,mabig´ at, mapang´ anib, mas´elan,mas´elang, malal´ a’
sermon
n.
1
a public talk onreligon or something connected withreligion:
serm´ on, s´ermon
2
serioustalk, a moral lecture, a warning:
pang´ aral
serve
v.
1
to work for:
maglingk´ od,paglingkur´ an, magsilb´ i, mags ´ ilbi,pagsilbih´ an
2
to be useful, be whatis needed, be used:
mag´ amit
 3
towait on at table, bring food to:
magsilb´ i, mags ´ ilbi, silbih´ an
4
to putfood or drink on a table:
magsilb´ i,mags ´ ilbi, isilb´ i, magd´ ulot, id´ ulot,magh´ ain, ih´ ain, maghand´ a’, ihand´ a’
5
to deliver, present:
maghat ´ id,ihat ´ id, magbig´ ay, ibig´ ay
6
to supplyenough for:
makahust´ o, paghustuh ´ in,magk´ asya, pagk´ asyahin, makasap´ at,pagsapat ´ in
7
to satisfy, be favorableor suitable:
maa´ ari’, puw´ede (Sp)
•
n.
act or way of putting a ball inplay:
serb, pags´erb, pagses´erb
service
n.
1
helpful act or acts,aid, being useful to others:
serb´ isyo,paglilingk´ od, t´ ulong, pagt´ ulong
2
performance of duties:
paglil-ingk´ od
3
advantage, benefit, use:
pakin´ abang, kapakinabang´ an, b´ uti,kabut ´ ihan
4
religious meeting,religious ceremony:
k´ ulto
5
themanner of serving food:
serb´ isyo,pagsisilb´ i (ng pagkain)
6
the foodserved:
pagk´ ain
7
act or manner of putting a ball in play:
serb, pags´erb
•
v.
1
to make fit for service:
gumaw´ a’, gaw ´ in, magkumpun ´ i,

set 156 shameful

kumumpun ´ i, kumpunih ´ in
 2
at one’sservice, ready to do what onewants:
nakala´ an (nakahand´ a’) sa paglilingk´ od
3
of service, helpful oruseful:
nakatut´ ulong, nakabub´ uti,mahalag´ a
4
”the service” oftenmeans the army or navy:
hukb´ ong sandatah´ an
5
the Civil Service:
Serb´ isyo Sib´ il
set
v.
1
to put in some place, put,place:
maglag´ ay, ilag´ ay, lagy´ an
2
to arrange, put in proper order:
mag-´ ayos, ay´ usin, i´ ayos, isa´ ayos,maghand´ a, ihand´ a’, mag-ar´eglo,aregluh ´ in
3
to become fixed, becomefirm or hard:
tumig´ as, manig´ as,mag ´ ing matig´ as, mabu´ o’, mamu´ o’
4
to go down, sink:
lumub´ og
5
tobegin to move, start:
magsimul´ a’,simul´ an, mag-umpis´ a, umpisah´ an
6
to fix:
magtakd´ a’, itakd´ a’
•
adj.
that has been set, fixed, arranged,formal:
nakatakd´ a’, nakahand´ a’,inihand´ a’
•
n.
1
group, things orpeople belonging together:
pulut´ ong,pangk´ at, magkakas´ ama, huw´ego
2
to set about, to begin, start work:
magsimul´ a’, simul´ an, pasimul´ an,mag-umpis´ a, umpisah´ an
3
to setaside, to put to one side:
magbuk´ od,ibuk´ od, maghiwal´ ay, ihiwal´ ay
4
toput by for later use:
magtab´ i, itab´ i,magt´ ago’, it´ ago’, magbuk´ od, ibuk´ od
5
 to set down, to put down, depositor let alight:
ibab´ a’, ilag´ ay
6
toset forth, to make known, express,declare:
magbig´ ay-al´ am, ipagbig´ ay-al´ am, magpah´ ayag, ipah´ ayag
7
tostart to go:
umal ´ is na pat´ ungo’
8
toset off, to cause to explode:
mag-paput´ ok, paputuk ´ in, magpasamb´ ulat,magpas´ abog, pasab´ ugin
9
to set out,to start to go:
umal ´ is
10
to spreadout to show, sell, or use:
magk´ alat,ik´ alat
11
to set to, to begin:
magsimul´ a’, simul´ an, mag-umpis´ a,umpisah´ an
seven
n/adj.
one more than six:
siy´ete, pit´ o
seventeen
adj/n.
seven more thanten:
disisiy´ete, labimpit´ o
seventy
n/adj.
seven times ten:
set´enta, pitump´ u’
several
adj.
some, a few, more thantwo or three but not many:
(mga)il´ an
sew
v.
1
to work with a needle andthread, fasten with stiches:
tumah ´ i’,manah ´ i’, tahi ´ in, itah ´ i’
2
to closewith stitches:
tumah ´ i’, tahi ´ in
sewing
n.
1
work done with a nee-dle and thread:
tah ´ iin, tah ´ i’
2
actof fastening with needle and thread:
pagtah ´ i’, pananah ´ i’
shade
n.
1
a partly dark place, notin the sunshine:
l ´ ilim
2
somethingthat shuts out light:
t´ abing, panak ´ ipsa liw´ anag
3
a lamp shade:
pant´ alya ng l´ ampara
4
a very small differ-ence, little bit:
kaunt ´ i’, bahagy´ a’
5
depth of color:
kl´ ase ng k´ ulay
•
v.
1
to keep light from:
magt´ abing,tab´ ingan, magsangg´ a’, sanggah´ an,magtak ´ ip, takp´ an
2
to make darkerthan the rest, darken:
mags´ ombra,sombrah´ an
shake
v.
1
to move quickly back-wards and forwards, up and down,or from side to side:
makal´ og,kumal´ og, kalug ´ in, alug ´ in, umug´ a’,maug´ a’, uga ´ in, lumugl´ og, luglug ´ in
2
to tremble or make tremble (forpersons):
magin ´ ig, mangat´ al, pan-gatal ´ in, mangat´ og
•
n.
1
a shaking:
al´ og, kal´ og, pagkal´ og, tigt ´ ig
2
ashaking of the head:
il ´ ing, pag-il ´ ing
3
a chill or ague of intermittentfever:
ng ´ iki’
4
to shake off, toget rid of:
magwagw´ ag, iwagw´ ag,magpagp´ ag, ipagp´ ag, pagpag ´ in,magpasp´ as, ipasp´ as, paspas ´ in
shaky
adj.
1
 shaking:
nangingin ´ ig,nangangat´ al, nangangat´ og
2
not re-liable:
wal´ ang tat´ ag, mabuw´ ay
shallow
adj.
not deep:
mab´ abaw
shame
n.
a painful feeling of havingdone something wrong:
hiy´ a’, pagka-pahiy´ a’

shameless 157 shell

shameful
adj.
1
feeling shame:
kahiy´ a-hiy´ a’, nakahihiy´ a’
2
bringingdisgrace:
nakasis ´ irang p´ uri’
shameless
adj.
1
without shame:
wal´ ang hiy´ a’, tabl´ a (makap´ al) ang mukh´ a’
2
not modest:
bast´ os
shampoo
v.
to wash the hair:
magsiyamp´ u, magsiy´ ampu, siyam-puh ´ in, magg´ ugo’, gug´ uan
•
n.
1
washing the hair:
paggug´ ugo’,pagsasab´ on ng buh´ ok
2
preparationused for shampooing the hair:
siyamp´ u, g´ ugo’, pangg´ ugo’
shanty
n.
a roughly built hut orcabin:
barongb´ arong, k´ ubo, damp´ a’
shape
n.
1
 form, figure, appearance:
any´ o’, h´ ugis, k´ orte, p´ orma, h´ ubog,hits´ ura, its´ ura, pig´ ura
2
condition,order:
´ ayos, lag´ ay, kalag´ ayan, any´ o’
•
v.
1
to form:
hum´ ugis, hug ´ isin,hum´ ubog, hub´ ugin
2
to develop, takeshape:
mabu´ o’, bumu´ o’, buu ´ in
share
n.
1
part, portion:
part´e,kapart´e
2
a share of money ingambling:
bal´ ato’, pabal´ ato’
•
v.
1
to divide into parts:
magbah´ agi’,bahag ´ ihin, ibah´ agi’
2
to use to-gether, to share together:
mags´ ama,magkas´ ama
3
to share in one’ssuffering:
dum´ amay, makir´ amay
shark
n.
1
a large fish that eatsother fish and attacks people:
pat ´ ing
2
a dishonest person whopreys on others:
mambab´ akal,pat ´ ing sa kat ´ ihan, manggag´ antso,mananans´ o’
sharp
adj.
1
having a thin cuttingedge:
matal ´ im, mat´ alas,
2
having apoint, not rounded:
mat´ ulis, tul ´ is,mat´ angos
3
with a sudden changeof direction:
bigl´ a’
 4
severe, biting:
masak ´ it, nakasasak ´ it
5
pungent (fortaste):
maangh´ ang
6
clear, distinct:
maliw´ anag
7
quick in mind, shrewd,clever:
matal ´ ino, l ´ isto/a, mat´ alas
8
neat, well-dressed:
isp´ uting, mag´ ara
•
adv.
promptly, exactly:
eks´ akto,gan´ ap, hust´ o, h´ usto, emp´ unto
shave
v.
to cut hair from the face,chin, etc., with a razor:
mag-´ ahit,um´ ahit, ah ´ itin, ah ´ itan
shaver
n.
1
an instrument forshaving:
pang-´ ahit
2
a person whoshaves:
taga´ ahit, tagapag-´ ahit
shaving
n.
a very thin piece or sliceof wood:
pinagkatam´ an
shawl
n.
1
a square or oblong pieceof material worn about the shoul-ders or head:
panyol´ on, alamp´ ay,bup´ anda
2
a wrap:
bal´ abal
she
pron.
the girl, woman or femaleanimal spoken about:
siy´ a
•
n.
girl,woman, female animal:
bab´ ae
shear
v.
1
to cut with shears or scis-sors:
maggup´ it, gumup´ it, gupit ´ in
2
tocut wool or fleece from:
gupit´ an
3
tocut close, cut off:
gupit´ an (gupit ´ in)nang sag´ ad
sheath
n.
1
a case or covering for theblade of a sword or a knife:
kal´ uban,ba ´ ina
2
the sheath of a banana plant:
sab´ a, ´ upak
shed
n.
1
a building used for shelter,storage, etc.:
kam´ alig, bod´ega
2
agranary, barn:
kam´ alig
3
a shedtemporarily built:
s ´ ibi, tangk ´ il,h´ abong, kub´ ol
4
a building forshelter:
himp´ ilan, istasy´ on
•
v.
1
to cause to flow:
magpad´ anak
2
topour, let fall:
magb´ uhos, ib´ uhos
3
toscatter abroad, give forth:
magkal´ at,ik´ alat, kal´ atan, magsab´ og, is´ abog,sab´ ugan, magl´ agas, mal´ agas
4
toshed tears:
lum´ uha’, maluh´ a’
5
tomolt, throw off:
magh´ unos
sheep
 n.
1
an animal raised for wooland mutton:
t´ upa
2
a young sheep,a lamb:
kord´ero
sheet
n.
1
a large piece of linen orcotton cloth used to sleep on or un-der:
k´ umot
2
a broad thin piece of anything:
pir´ aso, p´ ohas
3
a singlepiece of paper:
pily´ego, p´ ilas
shell
n.
1
a hard outside covering:
bal´ at
2
sea shell:
kab´ ibi
3
an oystershell:
bal´ at ng talab´ a
4
a tortoiseshell:
b´ ahay ng pag´ ong
5
a crabshell:
tal´ ukap (bal´ at) ng alim´ ango

shepherd 158 short

6
a case filled with gunpowder:
kart´ utso
7
the bullet itself:
b´ ala,punl´ o’, pungl´ o’
•
v.
1
to take out of a shell:
magbal´ at, balat´ an, mag-al ´ is (alis´ an) ng bal´ at
2
to separate grainsof corn from the cob, peas froma pod, etc.:
 maghim´ ay, himay ´ in
3
to fire a cannon at:
mangany´ on,kumany´ on, kanyun ´ in
shepherd
n.
1
a man who takescare of sheeps:
tag´ apag-alag´ a ng t´ upa, past´ ol ng mga t´ upa
2
the GoodShepherd:
Ang Mab´ uting Past´ ol
sheriff
n.
important law-enforcingofficer:
ser ´ ip, s´erip
shield
n.
1
a piece of armor carriedon the arm to protect the bodyin battle:
kalas´ ag
2
anything usedto protect:
pansangg´ a’, panangg´ a’,sanggal´ ang, pananggal´ ang, panal´ ag
•
v.
to protect, defend:
magsang-gal´ ang, ipagsanggal´ ang, magtangg´ ol,ipagtangg´ ol
shin
n.
the front part of the leg fromthe knee to the ankle:
lul´ od
shine
v.
1
to send out light:
sum ´ ikat
2
to reflect light:
kumin´ ang, man-gin´ ang, kumisl´ ap, mangisl´ ap
3
tomake bright or light, polish:
mag-pakint´ ab, pakintab´ in, magpakin´ ang,pakinang ´ in, magl ´ inis, lin ´ isin
4
to be bright, glow:
magningn ´ ing,magliw´ anag
•
n.
1
light, brightness:
liw´anag
 2
luster, polish:
kin´ ang,kint´ ab
shining
adj.
1
radiant, brilliant:
maningn ´ ing, nagniningn ´ ing
2
givinglight:
maliw´ anag
3
that shines:
sumis ´ ikat
4
distinguished:
bant´ og,nababant´ og, sik´ at, sumis ´ ikat
ship
n.
any large vessel for use onwater:
bap´ or, bark´ o
•
v.
to send orcarry from one place to another byship, train, truck, etc.:
magl´ ulan (il´ ulan) sa bap´ or, tren, trak, atbp.
shirt
n.
1
a garment for the upperpart of a man’s body:
kamisad´entro
2
an undergarment for the upperpart of the body:
kamis´eta
shock
n.
1
a sudden, violent shake:
yan ´ ig, pagyan ´ ig
2
an earthquakeshock:
lind´ ol
3
a sudden, violent dis-turbance:
d´ agok, matind ´ ing d´ agok
4
a disturbance of the nervous system:
pagkabigl´ a’, sind´ ak, pagkasind´ ak
•
v.
to give a shock to, cause to feelsurpise, horror or disgust:
mak-abigl´ a’, bigla ´ in, mabigl´ a’, gum´ ulat,gul´ atin, mag´ ulat
shoe
n.
1
an outer covering fora person’s feet:
sap´ atos
2
horse-shoe:
b´ akal ng kab´ ayo
•
v.
1
tofurnish with shoes, e.g., a horse:
magb´ akal, bak´ alan
2
in another’sshoes, in another’s place, situationor circumstances:
n´ asa kalag´ ayan (katay´ uan) ng ib´ a
3
”where the shoepinches,” sometimes means wherethe real trouble or difficulty lies:
ang kinalalagy´ an ng gul´ o (suliran ´ in),ang ipinagdaramd´ am o dinaramd´ am (ng is´ ang t´ ao)
shoemaker
n.
a man who makesor mends shoes:
sapat´ero, magsas-apat´ os
shoestring
n.
1
a shoelace:
t´ ali’ (sint´ as) ng sap´ atos
2
a very smallamount of money:
napakali ´ it na halag´ a (ng kuw´ alta)
shoot
v.
1
to hit with a bullet:
bumar ´ il, mak´ abar ´ il, mabar ´ il, baril ´ in
2
to fire a gun:
magpaput´ ok,paputuk ´ in, paputuk´ an
3
to take apicture with a camera, photograph:
kum´ uha (kunan) ng larawan
•
n.
the new part growing out, youngbranch:
tub´ o, s ´ ibol, talb´ os, supl ´ ing,usb´ ong
shop
v.
to visit stores to look at orto buy things:
mamil ´ i, papamilih ´ in
•
 n.
1
a place where things aresold, a store:
tind´ ahan
2
a placewhere things are made or repaired:
p´ agawaan
short
adj.
1
not long:
maigs ´ i’,maikl ´ i’
2
not tall:
pand´ ak, mab´ aba’,maikl ´ i’
3
less than the rightamount, measure, standard, etc.:

shorts 159 shower

k´ ulang, kap´ os
•
adv.
1
suddenly:
bigl´ ang-bigl´a’
2
briefly:
madal ´ i’,sandal ´ i’ l´ amang, maigs ´ i’, maikl ´ i’
3
to cut short, to end suddenly:
tum´ apos (mat´ apos, tap´ usin) nang bigl´ aan, bigl´ ang tum´ apos (mat´ apos,tap´ usin)
4
to fall short, to fail toreach:
di makarat ´ ing, di umab´ ot
5
tobe insufficient:
kapus ´ in, magk´ ulang,kul´ angin
6
for short, to makeshorter:
paikli ´ in
7
in short, briefly:
sa maikl ´ ing salit´ a’, sa is´ ang sagl ´ it,sa madal ´ it s´ abi
8
to run short,not to have enough:
magk´ ulang,kul´ angin, kapus ´ in, k´ ulang, kap´ os
shorts
n.
short loose trousers wornby men in sports, trunks, kneebreeches:
k´ orto, put´ ot
shortening
n.
butter or lard usedto make bread, pastry, etc., crisp orcrumbly:
mantik ´ ilya, mant ´ ika’
short-tempered
adj.
quick-tempered, easily made angry:
mag-agalit ´ in, mayayam´ utin, mayam´ utin,bugn´ utin
should
v.
1
part of shall, ought to:
d´ apat, narar´ apat
2
should is usedto express uncertainty:
kung, sak´ al ´ i,kap´ ag, pagk´ a
3
used in speakingof something which might havehappened but did not:
s´ ana, d ´ isin,d ´ isin s´ ana
shoulder
n.
1
the part of the bodyto which an arm is attached:
bal ´ ikat
2
the part of a garment that coversa shoulder:
bal ´ ikat (ng b´ aro’)
3
the side or edge of a road:
tab´ i ng da´ an, g ´ ilid ng da´ an
•
v.
1
to takeon the shoulders, to bear (burden,blame, etc.):
bumal ´ ikat, isabal ´ ikat,balik´ atin, pumas´ an, pasan ´ in
2
topush with the shoulders:
sumiks ´ ik,maniks ´ ik, siksik ´ in
3
shoulder toshoulder, side by side, together:
magkatab´ i, tab´ i-tab´ i, magkakatab´ i
4
with united effort:
magkakat´ ulong,t´ ulung-t´ ulong
5
straight from theshoulder, frankly, directly:
tap´ atan,tuw ´ iran, pr´ angko
6
to turn or givea cold shoulder to, to shun, avoid,show dislike for:
um ´ ilag, il´ agan,um ´ iwas, iw´ asan, lumay´ o’, layu´ an
shout
 v.
1
to call or cry loudlyand vigorously:
sumig´ aw, sigaw´ an,humiy´ aw, hiyaw´ an
2
to talk veryloudly with anger:
magbungang´ a’,bumuly´aw, bulyaw´ an, bum´ ulas,bul´ asin
•
n.
1
a loud, vigorous callor cry:
sig´ aw, hiy´ aw
2
a shout dueto surprise, fright:
til ´ i’
3
to shout aperson down, to silence a person byvery loud talk:
bumuly´ aw, bulyaw´ an,sumig´ aw, sigaw´ an
shove
v.
1
to push:
magtul´ ak, it´ ulak,magsaly´ a, isaly´ a
2
to push eachother:
magtulak´ an, magsiks ´ ikan,magsaly´ ahan
3
to push the elbow:
sum ´ iko, sik´ uhin
4
to shove off sometimes, to push away fromthe shore, row away:
gum´ aod na (sumagw´ ang) palay´ o’
5
leave, start,go away, scram (slang):
lum´ ayas
shovel
n.
a tool for lifting andthrowing loose matter:
p´ ala
•
v.
to lift and throw with a shovel:
magp´ ala, pum´ ala, pal´ ahin
show
v.
1
to let be seen, put insight:
magpak ´ ita, ipak ´ ita, pakit´ aan,pak ´ ita, magpam´ alas, ipam´ alas
2
tobe in sight:
mak ´ ita, matan´ aw
 3
topoint out, direct, guide:
magt´ uro’,it´ uro’
4
to make clear, explain:
magpaliw´ anag, ipaliw´ anag
5
toexpose, put on display:
magtangh´ al,itangh´ al, magpak ´ ita, ipak ´ ita
•
n.
1
a showing:
pagpapak ´ ita, pagtata´ as
2
a display, showing off:
parangy´ a’,pagpaparangy´ a’, pas ´ ikat, pagpa-pas ´ ikat
3
appearance:
bak´ as
4
afalse appearance:
pagkukunwar ´ i’,pagkukunuwar ´ i’, balatkay´ o
5
anykind of public exhibition or display:
tangh´ alan, pagtatangh´ al
6
a movingpicture:
pel ´ ikula, palab´ as
7
for show,to attract attention:
pak ´ itang-t´ ao,pant´ awag-pans ´ in, pas ´ ikat
8
to showoff, display:
magparangy´ a’, ipag-parangy´ a’, magpas ´ ikat, ipagpas ´ ikat

shrewd 160 sign

shower
n.
1
a short fall of rain:
ul´ ang hind ´ i’ nagtag´ al
2
a party forgiving presents to a woman aboutto be married:
s´ alu-s´ along parang´ al sa bab´ aing ik´ akasal
3
a shower bath:
l ´ igo’ (pal ´ igo’) sa d´ utsa
•
v.
 1
to sendin a shower, pour down:
magpaul´ an,paulan´ an, magtamb´ ak, tambak´ an
2
to rain for a short time:
umul´ an nang hind ´ i’ matag´ al (umamb´ on - todrizzle)
shrewd
adj.
1
sharp, keen, clever:
matal ´ ino, ma´ ulo, list´ o/´ a, l ´ isto/a,t´ uso
2
astute, wily:
t´ uso
3
sly,artful:
suw ´ itik
shrill
adj.
high and sharp in sound,piercing:
mat ´ inis, nakatutul ´ ig
•
v.
tomake such a sound:
tumil ´ i’, mapatil ´ i’
shrine
n.
1
a sacred place:
ban´ al na lug´ ar
2
an altar in a church, etc.:
alt´ ar, damb´ ana
3
a temple:
t´emplo
4
tomb of a saint:
lib´ ingan ng s´ anto
shrub
n.
a bush, a woody plantsmaller than a tree:
palump´ ong
shun
v.
to keep away from, avoid:
um ´ iwas, iw´ asan, um ´ ilag, il´ agan,lumay´ o’, layu´ an
shut
v.
1
to close by pushing orpulling a lid, door, some part,etc., into place:
 magsar´ a, isar´ a,magp´ inid, ip´ inid
2
to check, turnoff:
magsar´ a, isar´ a, magpat´ ay,patay ´ in
3
to become closed, to close(of itself):
sumar´ a, masar´ a, map´ inid
4
to shut in, to keep from goingout:
magkul´ ong, makul´ ong, ikul´ ong
5
to shut up, to shut the doors orwindows of:
isar´ a ang mga pint´ o’ omga bint´ ana’
6
to stop taking (coll):
tum ´ igil sa pagsasalit´ a’, tig ´ ilan ang pagsasalit´ a’, tumah ´ imik, manah ´ imik
shy
adj.
1
bashful, uncomfortablein company:
mahiy´ ain, mahihiya ´ in,mahih ´ iyain, mahihiy´ ain
2
easilyfrightened away:
mail´ ap
3
timid:
kim ´ i’
•
v.
to start back or asidesuddenly:
pumitl´ ag, bigl´ ang um´ urong (um ´ iwas, lumih ´ is, um ´ ilag)
sick
adj.
1
in poor health, hav-ing some disease:
may sak ´ it, may karamd´ aman
2
vomiting:
nags´ usuka’
3
affected with sorrow or longing:
nahah´ apis, nalulungk´ ot, nalulumb´ ay
•
n.
sick people:
maysak ´ it, mga maysak ´ it
sickness
n.
1
illness, poor health,disease:
sak ´ it, pagkakasak ´ it,karamd´ aman, pagkakaramd´ am
2
nausea, vomiting:
pagsuk´ a,pagsusuk´ a, pagduw´ al
side
n.
1
surface or line bounding athing:
tab´ i, pal ´ igid, tagil ´ iran, g ´ ilid
2
either of the two surfaces of paper,cloth, etc.:
mukh´ a’, p´ anig
3
eitherthe right or left part of the body of a person, an animal, or house, etc.:
tagil ´ iran
4
either the right of theleft part of a thing, either part orregion beyond a central line:
d´ ako’,g´ awi’, band´ a, tab´ i, p´ anig
5
a slope of a hill or bank:
g ´ ilid
6
the position,course or part of one’s personor party against another:
p´ anig,pangk´ at
7
a part of a family, a lineof descent:
pam ´ ilya, angk´ an
•
adj.
1
at one side:
sa tagil ´ iran
2
by one’sside, near one:
sa tab´ i, sa p´ iling
3
side by side, beside one another:
magkatab´ i, tab´ i-tab´ i, magkap´ iling,magkaag´ apay, ag´ a-ag´ apay, agap´ ay
•
v.
to take sides, place oneself with a side or a group:
kumamp´ i,kampih´ an, magkamp´ ihan, pum´ anig,pan ´ igan, kum´ atig, kat ´ igan
sidewalk
n.
place to walk at the sideof a street:
bangk´eta
sign
n.
1
any mark, thing, ormotion used to mean, represent,or point out something:
tand´ a’,palatand´ aan
2
 a signboard:
kar´ atula
3
a notice:
babal´ a, paun´ awa’
4
themotion used to point out something:
s´enyas
5
to make the sign of thecross:
mag-antand´ a’, magkr´ us
•
v.
1
to put one’s name on, writeone’s name:
lumagd´ a’, lagda´ an,ilagd´ a’, pumirm´ a, pirmah´ an, ipirm´ a
2
to give a sign to:
sum´enyas,

signal 161 sit

senyas´ an, is´enyas, magmuw´estra,muwestrah´ an, imuw´estra
signal
n.
a sign giving notice of something:
hudy´ at, tand´ a’, babal´ a,s´enyas, seny´al
•
v.
to make a signalor signals to:
sum´enyas, senyas´ an,is´enyas, humudy´ at, hudyat´ an,ihudy´ at
•
adj.
used as a signal or insignaling:
pan´enyas, panghudy´ at
signature
n.
1
a person’s namewritten by himself:
lagd´ a’, pirm´ a,p´ irma
2
act of writing one’s name:
paglagd´ a’, pagpirm´ a, pagp´ irma
signpost
n.
a post having signs ornotices on it, guidepost:
p´ osteng panand´ a’, p´ osteng nagt´ uturo’,p´ osteng may babal´ a’
silk
n.
a fine soft thread spun by silkworms, the cloth made from suchthreads:
s´eda, sutl´ a’
 •
adj.
made of silk:
y´ ari’ sa s´eda (sutl´ a’)
silver
n.
1
a shining white preciousmetal:
pl´ ata, p´ ilak
2
coins madefrom silver:
pl´ ata, p´ ilak
3
utensils ordishes made from silver:
kuby´ertos na p´ ilak, mga kagamit´ ang y´ ari’ sa p´ ilak
•
adj.
1
made of silver:
y´ ari’ sa p´ ilak
2
having the color of silver:
k´ ulay-p´ ilak, k´ ulay-pl´ ata
silversmith
n.
a person whomake articles of silver:
plat´ero,pand´ ay-p´ ilak
similar
adj.
alike, like, muchthe same:
kat´ ulad, magkat´ ulad,kaw´ angis, magkaw´ angis, kawangk ´ i’,magkawangk ´ i’
simple
adj.
1
easy to do:
madal ´ ing gaw ´ in, maga´ an, madal ´ i’
2
easy tounderstand:
madal ´ ing intindih ´ in,madal ´ ing unaw´ ain
3
bare, mere,with nothing added:
pay´ ak, wal´ ang ib´ a kund ´ i’...
4
plain, without orna-ment, not rich or showy:
s ´ imple
5
natural, not affected, not showingoff:
natur´ al, lik´ as
6
common, ordi-nary:
karan ´ iwan, pangkaran ´ iwan
 7
dull, weak in mind:
tang´ a, ung´ as,b´ obo/a
8
not compound:
pay´ ak
sin
n.
1
a breaking of the law of God:
kasal´ anan, pagkakas´ ala, paglab´ ag sa ´ utos ng Diy´ os
2
wrongdoing of any kind, immoral act:
kasal´ anan,s´ ala
•
v.
1
to break the law of God:
magkas´ ala, gumaw´ a ng pagkakas´ ala (kasal´ anan)
2
to do wrong:
gumaw´ a’ ng masam´ a’
since
adv.
1
from then till now:
mul´ a’ (simul´ a’) no´ on, b´ uhat (magb´ uhat) no´ on, sap´ ol no´ on
2
from a past time till now:
mul´ a’ pa, b´ uhat pa, magb´ uhat pa, no´ on pa
3
after:
pagkat´ apos, mat´ apos,pagkara´ an, makara´ an
•
conj.
1
because:
yay´ amang, y´ amang,sapagk´ a’t, pagk´ a’t, d´ ahil sa
2
longsince, long ago:
matag´ al na, no´ ong matag´ al na
sincere
adj.
free from pretenseor deceit, genuine, real, honest:
matap´ at, tap´ at, t´ unay, dal ´ isay,nagtototo´ o, ta´ os-p´ uso’, mata´ os
sing
v.
1
to make music with thevoice:
kumant´ a’, kantah ´ in, um´ awit,aw ´ itin
2
 to make pleasant, musicalsounds:
um´ awit, kumant´ a’
3
tobring, send, or put in a certain stateby singing:
ipagkant´ a’, kantah´ an,aw ´ itan
singer
n.
a person who sings:
mang-a´ awit, mangangant´ a, kant´ or,kant´ ora
sink
v.
1
to go down, fall slowly,go lower and lower, to go under:
lumub´ og, bumab´ a’
2
to make godown, make go under:
magpalub´ og,mapalub´ og, palubug ´ in, ilub´ og
•
n.
a shallow basin or tub with adrainpipe:
lab´ abo, hugas´ an
sir
n.
1
a title of respect or honor:
gino´ o (G.)
2
Mr. or Mister:
G. or Gino´ o
3
a respectful form of address,esp. in conversation:
po, ho
sister
n.
1
kapat ´ id na bab´ ae
2
any el-der sister or the eldest:
´ ate, m´ anang
3
the second eldest sister:
d ´ itse
4
anun:
m´ adre, m´ ongha
sit
v.
1
to rest on the lower part of one’s body:
umup´ o, maup´ o’
2
to

six 162 slide

seat, cause to sit:
iup´ o’, paupu ´ in
six
n/adj.
1
one more than five:
se ´ is,´ anim
2
at sixes and sevens, in con-fusion:
magul´ o, napakagul´ o
sixteen
n/adj.
six more than ten:
disise ´ is, l´ abing-´ aanim
size
n.
1
amount of space a thingtakes up:
lak ´ i
2
one of a series of measures:
s´ ukat
•
v.
1
to arrangeaccording to size:
pagbuk´ ud-bukur ´ in (ih´ anay, i´ ayos, ay´ usin) ´ ayon sa lak ´ i
2
to size up, to form an opinionof:
magpalag´ ay, ipalag´ ay, tantiyah ´ in ang kakayah´ an (lak ´ i, d´ ami)
skilled
adj.
1
having skill, trained,experienced:
bih´ asa’, bihas´ a’,dalubh´ asa’, san´ ay
2
requiring skill:
nangangail´ angan ng kasanay´ an (karanas´ an)
skillful, skilful
adj.
1
having skill:
san´ ay, bih´ asa’, bihas´ a’
2
expert:
dalubh´ asa’
3
 showing skill:
mah´ usay,magal ´ ing
skinny
adj.
very thin, very lean:
na-pakapay´ at, masy´ adong pay´ at, but´ o’t bal´ at, patp´ atin
skip
v.
1
to leap lightly, spring, jump:
lumuks´ o, luksuh ´ in, lumund´ ag,lundag ´ in, tumal´ on, talun ´ in, lu-muks´ u-luks´ o, magpaluks´ u-
luks´ o,lumund´ ag-lund´ ag, tumal´ un-tal´ on,magpatal´ un-tal´ on
2
to skip with arope:
magluks´ ong-l´ ubid
3
to passover, omit:
lumakt´ aw, laktaw´ an,lumakd´ aw, lakdaw´ an, mag-´ iwan,´ iwan
•
n.
1
a light spring, jump,or leap:
luks´ o, tal´ on, lund´ ag
2
anomission:
lakt´ aw, lakd´ aw
skirt
n.
1
the part of a dress thathangs from the waist:
p´ alda, s´ aya
2
border, edge:
hangg´ anan, g ´ ilid
3
outer part of a place:
lab´as
•
v.
to pass along the border or edgeof:
mamayb´ ay, baybay ´ in, lum ´ igid,lig ´ irin
sky
n.
1
the region of the clouds orupper air:
himpapaw ´ id, l´ angit
2
theheavens:
l´ angit
slant
v.
 to incline, slope:
hum ´ ilig,ih ´ ilig, hum´ apay, ih´ apay, hum ´ ilis,ih ´ ilis
•
adj.
inclining:
pahil ´ ig, hil ´ ig,pahil ´ is, hil ´ is, tagil ´ id
•
n.
an incline:
h ´ ilig, h´ apay, h ´ ilis, tag ´ ilid
slap
n.
a blow with the open hand orwith something flat:
samp´ al, tamp´ al
•
v.
to strike with the open hand orsomething flat:
sumamp´ al, sampal ´ in,tumamp´ al, tampal ´ in
slaughter
n.
killing, butchering:
pagpapat´ ay, pagpat´ ay, patay´ an,malup´ it na pagpat´ ay
•
v.
to kill,butcher:
magpat´ ay, pumat´ ay,patay ´ in
slaughter house
n.
a place whereanimals are killed for food:
patay´ an ng h´ ayop, matad´ero
sleep
v.
1
to rest the body andmind, be without ordinary thoughtor movement:
mat´ ulog, tum´ ulog
2
toput to sleep:
magpat´ ulog, patul´ ugin
3
to have a short sleep, to nap:
umidl ´ ip, maidl ´ ip
•
n.
1
rest of bodyand mind occurring naturally andregularly:
t´ ulog, pagt´ ulog
2
a veryshort sleep, nap:
idl ´ ip, pag-idl ´ ip
sleeve
n.
 1
that part of a garmentwhich covers the arm:
mangg´ as,kam´ ay (ng bar´ o’)
2
to laugh upone’s sleeve, to be amused but notshow it, laugh secretly:
mataw´ a (matuw´ a’) nang l ´ ihim
slender
adj.
1
long and thin, slim,not plump:
balingkin ´ itan, patp´ atin
2
slight, scanty:
kaunt ´ i’, kakaunt ´ i’,munt ´ i’, bahagy´ a’, babahagy´ a’, mali ´ it,mah ´ ina’
slice
n.
a thin, wide piece cut frombread, meat, etc.:
hiw´ a’, p´ utol,pir´ aso
•
v.
1
to cut into slices:
magh ´ iwa’ (hiw´ ain) nang maninip´ is o palap´ ad, paghiw´ a-hiwa ´ in, mag-pir´ aso, piras´ uhin, pagpir´
a-pirasuh ´ in
2
to cut into thin pieces:
maggay´ at,gay´ atin
3
to cut off:
magput´ ol,put´ ulin
slide
v.
1
to move smoothly:
magpadul´ as, dumul´ as, padulas ´ in,magpadausd´ os, dumausd´ os, padaus-

slight 163 smooth

dus ´ in, dumagusd´ os, magpadagusd´ os,padagusdus ´ in
2
to slip:
madul´ as,dumul´ as
3
to put quietly or secretly:
maglag´ ay (mailag´ ay, ilag´ ay) nang wal´ ang kal´ atis (nang palih ´ im)
•
n.
1
a mass of earth, snow, etc.,sliding down:
g´ uho’, pagg´ uho’
2
 actof sliding:
pagdul´ as, pagpapadul´ as,pagdausd´ os, pagpapadausd´ os
3
to letslide, to neglect, not bother aboutit:
magpab´ aya’, pabay´ aan
slight
adj.
1
small, not much:
kaunt ´ i’, kakaunt ´ i’, mali ´ it, bahagy´ a’,babahagy´ a’
2
not important:
di mahalag´ a, wal´ ang halag´ a, hind ´ i’ import´ ante
slim
adj.
1
slender, thin:
pay´ at,balingkin ´ itan, patp´ atin
2
small,slight, weak:
kaunt ´ i’, kakaunt ´ i’,munt ´ i’, mali ´ it, mah ´ ina’, bahagy´ a’
slingshot
n.
a Y-shaped stick witha rubber band fastened to its prongsused to shoot pebbles, etc.:
tirad´ or
slippery
adj.
1
causing slipping:
madul´ as, nakakadul´ as
2
slippingaway easily:
madul´ as
3
not tobe depended on, tricky:
mad´ aya’,mapaglal´ ang, mabil ´ is, t´ uso
slit
v.
1
to cut or tear along aline:
pum´ unit, pun ´ itin, lumasl´ as,maglasl´ as, laslas ´ in, hum ´ iwa’, hiw´ ain
2
to cut with scissors:
gumup´ it,gupit ´ in
•
n.
a straight, narrow cutor opening:
p´ unit, b´ utas, lasl´ as,b´ itas
slope
n.
1
 any line, surface, or landthat goes up or down from a level:
dah ´ ilig, talib´ is
2
slope of a hill:
lib´ is,dalisd ´ is
slow
adj.
1
not quick, taking along time:
mab´ agal, matag´ al
2
not prompt or hasty:
mak´ upad,mab´ agal
3
behind the right time:
atras´ ado, hul ´ i
4
dull, stupid:
ma-pur´ol (mah ´ ina’) ang ´ ulo
5
slow inmanner:
mab´ agal, mah ´ inay, ban´ ayad
6
slow in sale of merchandise:
mat´ umal, mah ´ ina’
•
v.
1
to makeslow:
magpah ´ ina’, pahin´ ain, hin´ aan,pabag´ alin, bag´ alan
2
to go slow,become slow:
hum ´ ina’ (ang takb´ oo l´ akad), bum´ agal
•
adv.
slowly:
mar´ ahan, d´ ahan-d´ ahan, mah ´ inay,h ´ inay-h ´ inay
sluggard
n.
a lazy, sluggish person:
t´ aong tam´ ad at mab´ agal
small
adj.
1
not large, little:
mali ´ it,munt ´ i’, kaunt ´ i’
2
not important:
mali ´ it, wal´ ang kuw´enta (halag´ a),munt ´ i’, di mahalag´ a
3
mean:
 imb´ i,h´ amak
smile
v.
to show pleasure, favor,kindness, amusement, etc., by facialexpression:
ngumit ´ i’, ngiti´ an
•
n.
the act of smiling:
ngit ´ i’, pagngit ´ i’
smoke
n.
1
a cloud from anythingburning:
´ usok, as´ o, as´ ap, ´ asap
2
the act of smoking (tobacco):
paninigar ´ ilyo, pagsisigarily´ o, panini-gar ´ ilyo, pagsisigar ´ ilyo, pananab´ ako,pagtatab´ ako
3
a cigarette (coll.):
sigarily´ o, sigar ´ ilyo
•
v.
1
to giveoff smoke or steam or somethinglike it:
um´ usok
2
to affect withor expose to smoke:
magpa´ usok,paus´ ukan, magpaas´ o, paasuh´ an
3
to draw the smoke from some-thing into the mouth and puff itout again:
humit ´ it
4
to smoke apipe:
magp´ ipa
5
to smoke a cigar:
magtab´ ako, manab´ ako
6
to smoke acigarette:
magsigarily´ o, manigarily´ o
7
to smoke fish or meat:
magt´ apa,tap´ ahin
8
to smoke out, to drive outwith smoke:
magpa´ usok (paus´ ukan)´ upang lum´ ayas, magpaas´ o (paa-suh´ an) ´ upang lum´ ayas
9
chainsmoking:
ab´ ut-ab´ ot na paninigarily´ o(paninigar ´ ilyo), wal´ ang lag´ ot na paninigarily´ o (paninigar ´ ilyo)
smooth
adj.
 1
even, like glass, silk,etc.:
mak ´ inis
2
without difficulties,easy:
madal ´ i’, maga´ an, ma´ ayos,mapay´ apa
3
calm, serene:
pan´ atag,pay´ apa’, mahin´ ahon, tah ´ imik
4
easy,polished, pleasant, polite:
kalug´ ud-lug´ od, mapit´ agan, matat´ as, mah´ usay
•
v.
1
to make smooth:
magpak ´ inis,

smuggle 164 soft

pakin ´ isin
2
to make flat, flatten:
magpal´ apat, palap´ atin, mag-un´ at,un´ atin
3
to smooth away, to get ridof difficulties, troubles, etc., to makeeasy:
mag-´ ayos, ay´ usin, lum´ unas,lun´asan, pumay´ apa’, payap´ ain
4
tosmooth down, to calm or soothe:
magpahin´ ahon, humin´ ahon, mag-pak´ alma, kum´ alma, magpakalm´ a,pakalmah ´ in, kumalm´ a,
magpalam ´ ig,lumam ´ ig, palamig ´ in
5
to smoothover, to make something seem lesswrong or unpleasant:
magpatak ´ ip,pagtakp´ an
smuggle
v.
1
to bring in or out of acountry secretly and against the law:
pal ´ ihim na umangk´ at (magluw´ as) ng kal´ akal, magpusl ´ it, ipusl ´ it, maglus´ ot,ilus´ ot
2
to bring, take, put, etc.,secretly:
dalh ´ in (ilab´ as, ip´ asok)nang palih ´ im, ilag´ ay nang panak´ aw (palih ´ im)
snack
n.
a light meal:
miry´enda,meri´enda, mirind´ al
snail
n.
1
a small soft animal thatcrawls very slowly:
sus´ u’, kuh´ ol
 2
a lazy, slow-moving person:
t´ aong mab´ agal (mak´ upad)
snake
n.
1
a long, slender, crawlingreptile:
´ ahas
2
a sly, treacherousperson:
t´ aong mapanlinl´ ang, t´ aong ulup´ ong, t´ aong taks ´ il (traid´ or)
snap
v.
1
to make a sudden, quickbite or snatch, to seize suddenly:
sumakm´ al, sakmal ´ in, sumakl´ ot,saklut ´ in, dumakl´ ot, daklut ´ i
2
tospeak quickly and sharply:
bu-muly´ aw, bulyaw´ an, ibuly´ aw
3
tomake or cause to make a sud-den sharp sound:
magpalagit ´ ik,lumagit ´ ik, palagitik ´ in
4
to breaksuddenly:
lumag´ ot (malag´ ot) na bigl´ a’, lagut ´ ing bigl´ a’, pumat ´ id (ma-pat ´ id) na bigl´ a’, patir ´ ing bigl´ a’
5
totake a snap shot:
kum´ uha (k´ unan)ng lar´ awan
•
n.
1
a quick, suddenbite or snatch:
sakm´ al, pagsakm´ al,dakl´ ot, pagdakl´ ot, sakl´ ot, pagsakl´ ot
2
a quick, sharp sound such as thesnap of a dry branch, breaking of abone, cracking of one’s knuckles or
joints:
lagut´ ok, lagit ´ ik
•
adj.
madeor done suddenly:
bigl´ aan, dagl ´ ian
snobbish
adj.
of or like a snob, look-ing down on those in a lower posi-tion:
supl´ ada/o, mapagmata´ as, ma-pagmalak ´ i, pal´ alo
snow
n.
frozen water in soft whiteflakes:
niy´ebe
snug
adj.
 1
comfortable:
maginh´ awa
2
neat, trim, compact:
ma´ ayos
3
fitting closely:
masik ´ ip, hak´ ab (sa kataw´ an), mak ´ ipot, hap´ it
so
adv.
1
in that way, in the sameway or degree:
gany´ an, pagany´ an,ganit´ o, paganit´ o, gay´ on, pagay´ on
2
according to fact, really so, true:
toto´ o, talag´ a, t´ ama’, siy´ a nga
3
very:
napak´ a (prefixed to the ap-propriate adverb and adjective)
4
very much:
toto´ o, lubh´ a’, masy´ ado
5
therefore, accordingly, on thisaccount:
kay´ a, kay´ a nga, d´ ahil d ´ ito
6
likewise, also:
gay´ on din (rin),man, nam´ an
7
interj. with upwardinflection:
Well! Siy´ a! Ab´ a!
8
orso, more or less:
humig ´ it-kum´ ulang
9
so as, so that with the result orpurpose:
p´ ara, ´ upang, nang
soaked
adj.
thoroughly wet:
bas´ ang-bas´ a’, bab´ ad, bab´ ad na bab´ ad
soap
n.
a substance used for wash-ing, made of a fat and caustic sodaor potash:
sab´ on
•
v.
to rub withsoap:
magsab´ on, sabun ´ in, masab´ on
society
 n.
1
a group of personsunited by a common purpose orinterest:
kapis´ anan, samah´ an
2
allthe people, community:
ang ko-munid´ ad, sambayan´ an
3
company,companionship:
pakikis´ ama
4
thefashionable class:
sosyed´ ad
sock
n.
a short stocking:
m´edyas,kalset ´ in
soft
adj.
1
not hard:
malamb´ ot
2
not rough or coarse:
mak ´ inis, p´ ino
3
gentle:
mab´ ini, mahinh ´ in, may´ umi’
4
kind, tender:
maba ´ it, malamb´ ot

soften 165 sort

ang p´ uso’
5
soft (as a sound):
mar´ ahan, mah ´ ina’, malam ´ ig
6
soft(as light), not glaring:
malaml´ am,
7
weak:
mah ´ ina’
soften
v.
1
to make softer:
mag-palamb´ ot, palambut ´ in
2
to becomesofter:
 lumamb´ ot
3
to make loweror softer as voice, music, etc.:
mag-pah ´ ina’, pahin´ ain, mapah ´ ina
4
tobecome or be softer as voice, music,etc.:
hum ´ ina’
5
to make less glaringas light:
magpalaml´ am, palamlam ´ in
6
to become less glaring:
lumaml´ am
soil
n.
1
earth, land:
l´ upa’
2
spot, stain, dirt:
bat ´ ik, mants´ a,b´ ahid, dum ´ i
•
v.
1
to becomedirty:
dumum ´ i, marumih´ an, ma-put ´ ikan, magkap´ utik
2
to makedirty:
magdum ´ i, dumih´ an, dumh´ an,magp´ utik, put ´ ikan
3
to disgrace:
dum´ ungis, magpar´ ungis, dung ´ isan,magbat ´ ik, batik´ an
4
to be disgraced:
madung ´ isan, mabatik´ an
soldier
n.
a man who serves in thearmy:
k´ awal, sund´ alo
sole
adj.
1
one and only:
kais´ a-is´ a,nag-iis´ a, iis´ a, t´ angi’
2
only:
l´ amang
•
n.
1
the bottom or under surfaceof the foot:
 talamp´ akan
2
the bottomof a shoe, slipper, etc.:
suw´elas
•
v.
1
to put a sole on shoes, etc.:
lagy´ an (maglag´ ay) ng suw´elas, magsuw´elas
2
to have one’s shoes, slippers, etc.,soled:
magpasuw´elas
solicitude
n.
1
anxiety:
pagk-abah´ ala’, bal ´ isa’, pagkabal ´ isa’
2
concern, anxious care:
pag-aasik´ aso,pag-iintind ´ i, pag-aala´ ala, pagma-malas´ akit
solvent
adj.
1
able to pay alldebts:
may kakayah´ ang makab´ ayad ng ´ utang
2
able to dissolve:
nakatut´ unaw
•
n.
a substance, usu-ally a liquid, that can dissolve othersubstances:
pant´ unaw, pan´ unaw
some
adj.
1
any:
alinm´ an, sin´ uman
2
a number of:
il´ an
3
a quantity of:
kaunt ´ i’
4
certain, but not known ornamed:
may or mayro´ on
5
about:
humig ´ it-kum´ ulang, h´ alos, mga
•
pron.
 a certain number or quantity:
il´ an
something
n.
1
a paticular thingnot named or known:
mayro´ on,may
2
a part, a certain amount, alittle:
bahagy´ a’, kaunt ´ i’
3
a thingof importance:
mahalag´ ang b´ agay,is´ ang b´ agay na mahalag´ a
somewhat
adv.
in some degree,slightly:
t ´ ila, m´edyo, p´ ara, h´ alos,may pagka-
•
n.
some part, someamount:
kaunt ´ i’, bahagy´ a’, bah´ agi’
son
n.
a male child in relation to hisparents:
an´ ak na lal´ aki
son-in-law
n.
the husband of one’sdaughter:
man´ ugang na lal´ aki
soon
adv.
1
in a short time, beforelong:
mamay´ a’, mayamay´ a’, hind ´ i’ matatagal´ an, hind ´ i’ magluluw´ at (magl´ uluwat), sa madal ´ ing
panah´ on
2
immediately:
kaag´ ad, ag´ ad-ag´ ad
3
early:
ma´ aga
4
as soon as, atthe moment that:
kapagd´ aka, sa sandal ´ i’, sa ´ oras
5
quickly:
madal ´ i’
sorrow
n.
1
grief:
 pighat ´ i’,dalamh´ ati’, lumb´ ay, h´ apis, lungk´ ot,kalungk´ utan, sak ´ it
2
regret:
s ´ isi,pagsis ´ isi
3
sadness:
lungk´ ot,kalungk´ utan, lumb´ ay, kalumb´ ayan
4
a cause of grief, trouble:
suliran ´ in,sulir´ anin, and ipinagdadalamh´ ati’ (ipinamimighat ´ i’)
•
v.
to be sad,feel sorry, feel or show grief, sadness,or regret:
malungk´ ot, ikalungk´ ot,mamighat ´ i’, ipamighat ´ i’, mag-dalamh´ ati’, ipagdalamh´ ati’, mags ´
isi,pagsis ´ ihan
sorry
adj.
1
feeling sad:
nalulungk´ ot,nagd´ aramdam
2
wretched, poor,pitiful:
kaaw´ a-aw´ a’, nakaaaw´ a’
3
feeling regret or penitence:
nagsis ´ isi,pinags ´ isisihan
sort
n.
kind, class:
kl´ ase, ´ uri’
•
v.
1
to arrange by kinds or classes,arrange in order:
magbuk´ ud-buk´ od (pagbuk´ ud-bukur ´ in) ´ ayon sa ´ uri’
2
to put apart or separate from oth-ers:
magbuk´ od, ibuk´ od, maghiwal´ ay,

soul 166 spade

ihiwal´ ay
soul
n.
1
the spiritual part of aman:
kaluluw´ a
2
energy of mindor feeling, spirit:
kaluluw´ a, lak´ as ng ´ isip
3
 cause of inspiration andenergy:
d ´ iwa’, b´ uhay
4
a person:
t´ ao, kan ´ ino, s ´ ino mang t´ ao
sound
n.
1
what can be perceivedby ear, what is or can be heard:
tun´ og
2
a noise:
´ ingay
3
the soundof bells:
tun´ og, tel´embang, kulingl ´ ing o kilil ´ ing
4
a knocking sound:
kalant´ og, kalat´ ok, kat´ ok, tukt´ ok
5
a squeaking sound as of a newshoe:
ing ´ it
6
the squeaking soundof a door hinge:
langitng ´ it
7
thesound of running water, e.g., of astream:
lagasl´ as
8
a reverberatingsound like the drone of an airplane:
´ ugong
9
a wheezing sound, e.g., of an asthmatic:
h´ uni
10
the soundof footsteps:
yab´ ag
11
the whiningsound of strong wind:
hagin ´ it,hagun´ ot
12
the whining sound of abullet:
h ´ iging, h´ aging
13
a clackingsound such as produced by heelsof shoes on a pavement:
tagukt´ ok,lagat´ ok, lagut´ ok
14
a sound suchas caused by the clapping of thehands, etc.:
palakp´ ak
15
a crunchingsound as when chewing somethinghard:
 langutng´ ot
16
the sound of a falling water, as in a waterfall:
lagasl´ as
17
the splash of watercaused by throwing a stone into apool:
bulab´ ok, bulub´ ok
18
a rustlingsound, e.g., of leaves, paper, cloth,etc.:
kalusk´ os
19
the sound pro-duced by the throat in swallowing:
lag´ ok
20
the sound of the heartbeating when agitated:
kab´ og
21
asnapping sound such as caused bysnapping the fingers:
lagit ´ ik
22
thecracking sound of a whip:
lagit ´ ik,hagin ´ it
23
a deep reverberatingsound such as the echo of thunderor of a cannon:
dagund´ ong, kul´ og
•
v.
1
to sound or cause to sound:
tumun´ og, magpatun´ og, patunug ´ in,hum ´ ihip, h ´ ipan
2
to make a soundor noise:
mag-ing´ ay, um ´ ingay
3
tomake a whining sound:
um´ ugong,humagin ´ it, humagun´ ot
•
adj.
1
deep(as a sleep):
mahimb´ ing, mal´ alim
2
healthy, free from disease:
malus´ og,mab´ uti
3
free from injury, decay, ordefect:
magal ´ ing, mab´ uti, mah´ usay,wal´ ang s ´ ira’, wal´ ang pins´ala’,ma´ ayos, bu´ o’
4
strong, safe, secure:
matat´ ag, mat ´ ibay, segur´ ado
5
 right,correct, reasonable, reliable:
t´ ama’,tump´ ak, makatar´ ungan
soup
n.
a liquid food made byboiling meat, vegetables, fish, etc.:
s´ opas, sab´ aw
south
n.
the direction to your rightas you face the rising sun:
t ´ imog,sur
•
adv/adj.
1
toward the south:
patim´ og, pat´ ungong t ´ imog
2
fromthe south:
g´ aling sa t ´ imog, mul´ a’ sa t ´ imog
souvenir
n.
1
a remembrance, some-thing given for remembrance:
ala´ ala,suben ´ ir
2
something kept as a re-membrance:
tagapagpagunit´ a’, taga-pagpaala´ ala
soy sauce
n.
1
a Chinese andJapanese sauce for fish madefrom soybean:
toyo‘
2
a Chi-nese/Japanese sauce for fish madefrom soybean:
t´ oyo’
space
n.
1
unlimited room orplace extending in all directions:
kalaw´ akan
2
limited place or room:
lug´ ar, puw´ ang
3
distance:
agw´ at,l´ ayo’, dist´ ansiya
4
a length of time:
tag´ al, l´ awig, lo´ ob, panah´ on
•
v.
to fix the space of, separate byspace, divide into space:
 maglag´ ay (lagy´ an) ng pag ´ itan (agw´ at), pag-aw´ ang-awang ´ in, pag-agw´ at-agwat ´ in,paglay´ u-
layu ´ in
spacious
adj.
1
containing muchspace, with plenty of room:
maluw´ ang, malak ´ i
2
spaciousrooms:
mga kuwartong maluw´ ang,maaliw´ alan
spade
n.
1
a tool for digging, a kind

span 167 sponge

of shovel:
p´ ala
2
a kind of playingcard with a figure resembling aheart:
isp´ ada
•
v.
to dig with aspade:
maghuk´ ay (huk´ ayin) ng p´ ala,magp´ ala, pal´ ahin
span
n.
1
the distance between thetip of a man’s thumb and the tipof his little finger when the hand isspread out,
about 9 inches:
dangk´ al
2
a short period of time:
maikl ´ ing panah´ on
3
the part between twosupports:
balant´ ok
•
v.
1
to measureby the hand spread out:
dumangk´ al,dangkal ´ in, madangk´ al
2
to extendover:
bumagt´ as sa ib´ abaw
spank
v.
1
to strike with theopen hand:
sumamp´ al, sampal ´ in,tumamp´ al, tampal ´ in
 2
to strike thebuttocks with the open hand ora slipper, etc.:
pum´ alo’ (mam´ alo’,pal´ uin) sa puw ´ it, tumamp´ al (tam-pal ´ in) sa puw ´ it
sparkle
v.
to shine, glitter, flash:
kumin´ ang, mangin´ ang, pakinang ´ in,kimisl´ ap, mangisl´ ap, pakislap´ in
•
n.
a glitter:
kisl´ ap, kin´ ang
spicy
adj.
1
flavored with spice:
mal´ asa, masar´ ap
2
like spice, lively,keen:
masigl´ a, masay´ a
spider
n.
a small animal with eightlegs and no wings:
gagamb´ a
spill
v.
1
to let liquid or any matterin loose pieces run or fall:
magt´ apon,mat´ apon, it´ apon, magk´ alat, ik´ alat
2
to cause to flow:
magpad´ anak,padan´ akin, magb´ uhos, ib´ uhos,magpa´ agos, paag´ usin
3
to fall orcause to fall from a horse, carriage,car, etc.:
mah´ ulog, magh´ ulog, ih´ ulog
spirit
n.
1
a supernatural being:
esp´ iritu
2
the soul:
kaluluw´ a
3
aman’s moral, religious, or emotionalnature:
d ´ iwa’
4
courage:
t´ apang,katap´ angan
5
vigor:
lak´ as
 6
live-liness:
sigl´ a, kasiglah´ an
7
state of mind, disposition:
damd´ amin, lo´ ob,kalo´ oban, kaloob´ an, disposisy´ on
8
person, personality:
t´ ao, person-alid´ ad
9
influence that stirs up androuses:
sigl´ a, kasiglah´ an
10
whatis really meant as opposed to whatis said or written:
d ´ iwa’, l´ ayon,lay´ unin
11
a strong alcoholic liquor:
´ alak
spit
v.
1
to throw out saliva from themouth:
lumur´ a’, ilur´ a’, dumur´ a’,idur´ a’
2
to throw out:
magbug´ a,bumug´ a, ibug´ a
3
to run a spitthrough, pierce:
magt´ uhog, it´ uhog,tuh´ ugin
•
n.
1
the liquid producedin the mouth, saliva:
lur´ a’, dur´ a’
2
a sharp-pointed, slender rod or baron which meat is roasted:
duru´ an,tuhug´ an
splash
v.
to dash liquid about:
mags´ aboy, is´ aboy, sab´ uyan, tumi-lans ´ ik, tilansik´ an, matilansik´ an,magwis ´ ik, wisik´ an, mawisik´
an
•
n.
1
a spot, patch:
bat ´ ik, pat´ ak
2
a splashing:
s´ aboy, pags´ aboy,pagsas´ aboy, salp´ ok, pagsalp´ ok,wis ´ ik, pagwiwis ´ ik
3
 spot splashedupon a thing:
s´ aboy, tilans ´ ik
4
tomake a splash, to attract attentionor make excitement:
magpas ´ ikat,magmagil´ as, gum ´ ilas
splendor
n.
1
glory:
luwalh´ ati’
2
pomp:
dil´ ag, karil´ agan, ding´ al,karing´ alan, rangy´ a’, karangya´ an
3
great brightness, brilliance:
ningn ´ ing, kaningning´ an
4
elegance:
g´ ara’, kagar´ aan, k ´ isig, kakis ´ igan,dik ´ it, karikt´ an
splinter
n.
1
a thin, sharp, pieceof wood:
salubs´ ob, suby´ ang, tin ´ ik
2
a glass splinter:
dur´ og (bas´ ag)na salam ´ in, b´ ubog
•
v.
1
to splitor break into splinters (as glass):
mad´ urog
2
to split into thin, smallpieces:
magtil´ ad, matil´ ad, tilar ´ in
spoke
n.
one of the bars radiatingfrom the center of the wheel to therim:
r´ ayos ng gul´ ong
sponge
n.
the light frameworkof a sea animal used for soakingup water in bathing or cleaning:
esp´ ongha
•
v.
1
to wipe or rub witha sponge:
pun´ asan (kuskus ´ in) ng

sponsor 168 sprinkle

esp´ ongha
2
to live or profit at theexpense of another in a mean way:
magsamantal´ a, pagsamantalah´ an,humuth´ ot, huthut ´ in
3
to take asponge bath:
magp´ unas, magbany´ os
4
to give a sponge bath:
pun´ asan,banyus´ an
sponsor
n.
1
a person who isresponsible for another person orthings:
ang may panuk´ ala’, ang nagpanuk´ ala’
2
a person who takesvows for an infant at baptismor confirmation:
n ´ inong, padr ´ ino,in´ aama, n ´ inang, madr ´ ina, in ´ iina
3
a wedding sponsor:
n ´ inong o n ´ inang sa kas´al
4
a patron:
tagatangk ´ ilik,isp´ onsor
•
v.
1
to support, pa-tronize:
tumangk ´ ilik, tangkil ´ ikin,magtag´ uyod, itag´ uyod
2
to be asponsor at baptism, confirmationor marriage:
mag-an´ ak (anak ´ in) sa biny´ ag, kump´ il, o kas´ al
spoon
n.
kuts´ ara
•
v.
1
to takeup in or with a spoon:
kumuts´ ara,kutsar´ ahin
2
to use a spoon:
magkuts´ ara
sports
n.
1
a game, play:
lar´ o’
2
competitive play:
p´ alakasan,p´ aligsahan
 3
fun, play, amusement:
lib´ angan, palilib´ ang, paglalar´ o’,al ´ iwan
•
v.
to play:
maglar´ o’, laru ´ in
spot
n.
1
mark, stain, speck:
bat ´ ik,mants´ a, m´ antsa
2
a small part un-like the rest:
pat´ ak
3
a place:
d´ ako’,lug´ ar, po´ ok
4
on the spot means (a)at the very place:
sa m ´ ismong lug´ ar
(b) at once:
ag´ ad, madal ´ i’
•
adj.
ready, on hand:
hand´ a’, nakahand´ a’,h´ awak, k´ aliwaan
•
v.
1
to becomespotted, have spots:
magkamants´ a,mantsah´ an, magkabat ´ ik, mabatik´ an
2
to make spots on:
magmants´ a,mantsah´ an, magbat ´ ik, batik´ an,dumh´ an
3
to hit the spot, to be justright or satisfactory (coll.):
t´ amang-t´ ama’
4
to be spotted may mean tobe recognized or seen:
mamata´ an,mamanman´ an, mamukha´ an
sprain
v.
to injure a joint or mus-cle by a sudden twist or wrench:
map´ ilay, mapil´ ayan, mapuw´ersa
•
n.
injury caused in this way:
p´ ilay,pagkapuw´ersa
spread
v.
 1
to stretch out, openout:
um´ unat, i´ unat, magbuk´ a, ibuk´ a
2
to extend, lie:
magl´ atag, lum´ atag,il´ atag, mal´ atag, lat´ agan
3
to coverwith a thin layer:
magp´ ahid, pah ´ iran
4
to put on in a thin layer:
ip´ ahid
5
to scatter, distribute:
magkal´ at,kum´ alat, ik´ alat, magpalag´ anap,lumag´ anap, palagan´ apin
6
to movefarther apart:
magbuk´ a, ibuk´ a
7
toset a table for a meal:
maghand´ a’ ng m´esa, ihand´ a’ ang m´esa, magh´ ain
8
to spread oneself means to tryto make a good impression:
mag-pas ´ ikat
9
to display one’s abilitiesfully:
magpak ´ ita (magpam´ alas) ng kakayah´ an
10
to brag:
maghamb´ og,magmagal ´ ing
11
to spread some-thing in the sun to dry, e.g., rice,clothes, etc.:
magbil´ ad, ibil´ ad
•
n.
1
width:
l´ apad
2
extent:
l´ awak, sakl´ aw
3
covering for a bed:
kubrek´ ama
4
covering for a table:
mant´el
5
something to spread on bread, etc.:
pam´ ahid
6
 food put on the table,a feast:
h´ ain, pagk´ aing nakah´ ain,hand´ a’, bangk´ete
spring
v.
1
to leap or jump, rise ormove suddenly and lightly:
lumuks´ o,luksuh ´ in, lumund´ ag, lundag ´ in
2
tofly back or away:
umigk´ as, magbal ´ ik,bumal ´ ik
3
to come from a source,arise, grow:
bumuk´ al, magb´ uhat
4
tobend:
humut´ ok, mahut´ ok, hutuk ´ in
5
to spring a leak, to crack and beginto let water through:
tag´ asan
•
n.
1
a leap or jump:
luks´ o, lund´ ag
2
an elastic device that returns to itsoriginal shape after being pulled orheld out of shape:
paigk´ as, muw´elye,kuw´erdas
3
the season after winterwhen the plants begin to grow:
tagsib´ ol
4
a small stream of watercoming from the earth:
buk´al, b´ atis
sprinkle
v.
1
to scatter in drops or

sprout 169 stack

tiny bits:
mags´ abog, sab´ ugan, is´ abog,magkal´ at, kal´ atan, ik´ alat
2
to sprayor cover with small drops:
magdil ´ ig,dilig ´ in, magwil ´ ig, wilig´ an, magwis ´ ik,wisik´ an
3
to rain a little:
umamb´ on,umamb´ un-amb´ on
•
n.
1
 a light rain:
amb´ on
2
spraying with water:
wil ´ ig,pagwiwil ´ ig, dil ´ ig, pagdidil ´ ig, wis ´ ik,pagwiwis ´ ik
sprout
v.
to begin to grow, shootforth:
sum ´ ibol, sumib´ ol, tum´ ubo’
•
n.
a shoot of a plant:
t´ ubo’, supl ´ ing,talb´ os, usb´ ong
spurious
adj.
not genuine, notcoming from the right source:
hind ´ i’ t´ unay, hind ´ i’ toto´ o, palsipik´ ado,huw´ ad
sputum
n.
saliva, spit:
l´ away, lur´ a’,dur´ a’
spy
n.
a person who keeps secretwatch on the actions of others:
esp´ iya, espiy´ a, isp´ iya, tikt ´ ik
•
v.
1
to find out or try to find outby careful observation:
manikt ´ ik,tiktik´ an, mag-espiy´ a, espiyah´ an,mag-ispiy´ a, ispiyah´ an
2
to keepsecret watch:
man´ ubok, sub´ ukan,sumubayb´ ay (subaybay´ an) nang palih ´ im, magmanm´ an, manman´ an
3
to catch sight of, see:
mak ´ ita,makak ´ ita, mapans ´ in, makapans ´ in,mamata´ an
4
to spy out, to watchor examine secretly or carefully:
magsiy´ asat na (siyas´ ating) mab´ uti,magmanm´ ang mab´ uti
square
n.
a figure with four equalsides and four angles:
parisuk´ at,kuwadr´ ado
•
v.
to multiply (anumber) by itself:
multiplikah ´ in sa sar ´ ili ang is´ ang n´ umero
squash
v.
1
to crush, press untilflat:
 pumip´ i’, pipi ´ in, pumis´ a’, pisa ´ in
2
to be crushed:
mapip´ i’, mayupi,mapip´ is, mapis´ a’
3
to press untilsoft:
lumam´ og, lamug ´ in
•
n.
a kindof large vegetable that grows on avine:
kalab´ asa
squeeze
v.
1
to press hard byputting on weight:
um ´ ipit, ip´ itin,pipi ´ in, pumip´ i’, pipih ´ in
2
to force bypressing:
pumig´ a’, piga ´ in
3
to forceinto place by pressure:
magsiks ´ ik,isiks ´ ik, siksik ´ in, siksik´ an
4
to crush,crowd:
magsiks ´ ikan
5
to force away:
magsumiks ´ ik, makipagsiks ´ ikan,sumiks ´ ik, maggumitg ´ it, makipag-gitg ´ itan, gumitg ´ it
6
to press withthe hand (or fingers):
pumis ´ il,pisil ´ in
•
n.
1
a tight pressure:
pis ´ il
2
forcing out liquid by pressure:
pig´ a’, pagpig´ a’
squid
n.
sea animal like a cuttlefish:
pus ´ it
stab
n.
1
a thrust or blow madewith a pointed weapon:
saks´ ak,pagsaks´ ak, ´ iwa’, pag-´ iwa’, ul´ os,pag-ul´ os
2
a wound made by stab-bing:
saks´ ak, t´ arak, ´ iwa’, ul´ os
 •
v.
1
to pierce or wound with apointed weapon:
sumaks´ ak, man-aks´ ak, saksak ´ in, um ´ iwa’, mang-´ iwa’,iw´ aan, tum´ arak, it´ arak, tar´ akan
2
to be wounded with a pointedweapon:
masaks´ ak, matar´ akan
3
towound sharply or deeply the feelingsof another:
masug´ atan (sug´ atan)nang l´ abis ang p´ uso’ (damd´ amin),papagdamdam ´ in nang l´ abis
4
topierce:
bum´ utas, but´ asin, but´ asan,tumag´ os, tagus´ an
stable
n.
a building where horses orcattle are kept and fed:
kabalyer ´ isa,kuw´ adra, silung´ an ng kab´ ayo o b´ aka
•
v.
to put or keep in a stable:
magkuw´ adra, ikuw´ adra
•
adj.
1
firm, steady:
mat ´ ibay, matat´ ag, di mabuw´ ay
2
not likely to move orchange:
palag ´ ian, pirm ´ ihan, pirm ´ i,p´ irmi, matat´ ag
stack
n.
1
a large pile of hay, straw,etc.:
mandal´ a’
2
a pile of anything:
salans´ an, bunt´ on, talaks´ an
3
achimney:
pausuk´ an, tsimin´ea
•
v.
1
to pile hay, straw, etc., in a stack:
magmandal´ a’, imandal´ a’
2
to pileor arrange in a stack:
magtalaks´ an,italaks´ an, magsalans´ an, isalans´ an,magbunt´ on, ibunt´ on
3
to arrange
stadium 170 stand
playing cards unfairly:
sumap´ ote (manap´ ote) ng bar´ aha, saput ´ ihin ang bar´ aha
stadium
n.
a structure for athleticgames:
ist´ adyum
stage
n.
1
a platform, a flooring:
platap´ orma
2
a raised flooring in atheater on which the actors perform:
entabl´ ado
3
the theater, the drama,actor’s profession:
te´ atro, tangh´ alan
4
to be on the stage, to be anactor or actress:
art ´ ista
5
a sceneof action:
lar´ angan, tangh´ alan
6
a stagecoach:
karw´ ahe
7
one stepor degree in a process, a periodof development:
yugt´ o’, bait´ ang,hakb´ ang
•
v.
1
to present on thestage:
magtangh´ al, itangh´ al, mag-palab´ as, palabas ´ in, ilab´ as
2
(verbalnoun) staging, a presentation of:
pagtatangh´ al, pagpapalab´ as
stain
n.
1
soil, spot:
mants´ a,m´ antsa, dum ´ i, bat ´ ik, bah ´ id
2
a moral blemish:
bat ´ ik, d´ ungis,b´ ahid
•
v.
1
 to soil, tarnish:
mag-mants´ a, magm´ antsa, mantsah´ an,mamantsah´ an
2
to disgrace,dishonor:
dum´ ungis, dung ´ isan,madung ´ isan, bumat ´ ik, batik´ an,mabatik´ an, man ´ irang-p´ uri’, sir´ aan ng
p´ uri’, sir´ ain ang p´ uri’
3
to color:
magk´ ulay, kul´ ayan, makul´ ayan
stairs
n.
1
one of series of steps forgoing from one level or floor to an-other:
ba ´ itang
2
a set of such steps:
hagd´ anan, hagd´ an
stale
adj.
1
not fresh:
l´ uma’, d´ ati,la´ on
2
referring to fish:
bilas´ a’
3
for food that has become sour orspoiled:
sir´ a’, pan ´ is
4
for food,wine, etc., that has lost its goodtaste:
lip´ as, wal´ a’ nang l´ asa
stalk
n.
1
stem of a plant:
tangk´ ay
2
any stemlike part:
hawak´ an, m´ anggo
stall
n.
1
a place in a stable forone animal:
p´ itak sa kabalyer ´ isa
2
a small alotted place for sellingthings:
tind´ ahan, puw´esto
3
a pre-text, especially as a means of delay:
pagkukunwar ´ i’(pagkukunw´ a’) ´ upang maab´ ala (maatr´ aso, mab´ alam)
•
v.
1
to stop against one’s wish:
humint´ o’, tum ´ igil
2
to delay:
umab´ ala, abal´ ahin, umantal´ a’,antalah ´ in, umatr´ aso, atras´ uhin,bum´ alam, bal´ amin
stamp
n.
1
a postage stamp:
s´elyo
2
a thing that puts a mark on:
pantat´ ak, panat´ ak, t ´ imbre
3
animpression, mark:
bak´ as, tat´ ak,tand´ a’
4
the act of putting ona postage stamp:
pagses´elyo
5
astamping of the foot or feet:
pady´ ak,pagpady´ ak, tar´ ang, pagtar´ ang, pag-tatar´ ang, dab´ og, pagdab´ og
6
act of making an impression:
pagtatat´ ak
•
v.
1
to put a postage stamp on:
mags´elyo, selyuh´an, lagy´ an ng s´elyo
2
to bring down one’s foot withforce:
tum´ apak, tap´ akan, yum´ apak,yap´ akan
3
to stamp on the floor:
pumady´ ak, padyak´ an
4
to stampthe feet rapidly and in succession:
tumar´ ang, magtatar´ ang, dumab´ og
5
to make a mark on:
magtat´ ak,tatak´ an
6
to show to be of a certainquality or character:
magpakil´ ala,ipakil´ ala, pagkakilanl´ an
stand
n.
1
a place where a personstands, position:
 kinatatayu´ an,lug´ ar, kinalalagy´ an, puw´esto
2
a place or fixtures for a smallbusiness:
puw´esto, munt ´ ing (mali ´ it na) tind´ ahan
3
a way of thinking:
paninind ´ igan
4
a raised place wherepeople may stand or sit:
tay´ uan,tunt´ ungan, platap´ orma, entabl´ ado
5
something to put or hang things on,e.g., a hat, raincoat, etc.:
sabit´ an
•
v.
1
to be on one’s feet:
tumay´ o’,tumind ´ ig
2
to be in a certainplace, rank, scale, etc.:
malag´ ay,lumag´ ay
3
to rise to one’s feet:
tumay´ o’, tumind ´ ig
4
to set upright:
magtind ´ ig, itind ´ ig, magtay´ o’, itay´ o’
5
to stay in place, last:
tumag´ al,magtag´ al, makatag´ al, matagal´ an,manat ´ ili’, mamal´ agi’
6
to bear, en-

star 171 station

dure:
magti ´ is, mati ´ is, mapagtiis´ an,tiis ´ in, makatag´ al, matagal´ an
7
tobe unchanged, hold good, remainthe same:
di (hind ´ i’) magb´ ago,manat ´ ili’, mamal´ agi’, manat ´ iling may b´ isa’
8
to take a way of thinking or acting:
manind ´ igan,panindig´ an
9
to stand by means(a) to be near:
n´ asa mal´ apit, huw´ ag lumay´ o’ (umal ´ is)
(b) to side with,help:
tum´ ulong, tul´ ungan, kumamp´ i,kampih´ an, pum´ anig, pan ´ igan
10
tostand for means (a) to represent:
kumataw´ an, katawan ´ in
 (b) to beon the side of, take the part of,uphold:
manind ´ igan, panindig´ an panindig´ anan, manind ´ ig
11
to standout means (a) to project:
lumit´ aw,lumab´ as, umusl ´ i’, um´ ungos
(b) tobe noticeable or prominent:
mak ´ ita,lumant´ ad, mahalat´ a’, mapans ´ in,lumit´ aw
(c) to refuse to yield:
magmatig´ as, manind ´ igan
12
tostand up for, to take the part of,defend, support:
magtangg´ ol, ipag-tangg´ ol, tumangk ´ ilik, tangkil ´ ikin
13
it can stand over, it can wait untilanother time:
makapaghihint´ ay,maipaghihint´ ay, maipagpapal ´ iban
star
n.
1
a heavenly body:
bitu ´ in,bit´ uin, t´ ala’
2
a person havingbrilliant qualities, a famous singer,actor, etc.:
art ´ ista, bant´ og na art ´ ista,bitu ´ in sa pinil´ akang-t´ abing (put ´ ing tabing)
3
a figure having usuallyfive points, sometimes six:
estr´elya
•
adj.
leading:
pangunah ´ in
•
v.
1
to be a leading performer:
guman´ apng pangun´ ahing pap´el, lumab´ as sa pangun´ ahing pap´el
2
born undera lucky star, fortunate:
map´ alad,masuw´erte
starch
n.
1
a white, tasteless foodsubstance:
maput ´ i’ at wal´ ang l´ asang sust´ ansiya ng pagk´ain, ist´ arch
2
asubstance used to stiffen clothes:
almir´ ol, gawg´ aw
•
v.
to stiffenclothes with starch:
mag-almir´ ol,almirul´ an
stare
 n.
a fixed look with theeyes wide open:
t ´ itig, pagkakat ´ itig,d ´ ilat, pagkakad ´ ilat
•
v.
1
to lookdirectly with the eyes wide open:
tum ´ itig, tit ´ igan, mapat ´ itig, it ´ itig,dum ´ ilat, mand ´ ilat, pandil´ atan,mapad ´ ilat, dil´ atan
2
to gape likea fool:
tumang´ a, matang´ a, map-atang´ a, tumung´ anga’, matung´ anga’,mapatung´ anga’
start
n.
1
a beginning:
simul´ a’,pasimul´ a’, pagsisimul´ a’, umpis´ a,pag-uumpis´ a
2
a beginning tomove, act,etc.:
k ´ ilos, pagk ´ ilos
3
abeginning to go on:
l´akad, pagl´ akad
4
a setting in motion:
pagpapak ´ ilos,pagpapal´ akad
5
a beginning aheadof others:
pag-´ una, pagpapa´ una,pagkaka´ una
6
a sudden, jerkingmovement:
pagkabigl´ a’, pagkag´ ulat
•
v.
1
to begin to move (on):
lum´ akad, palak´ arin
2
to beginto act:
mag-umpis´ a, umpisah´ an,magsimul´ a’, simul´ an, pasimul´ an
3
to get others to begin something:
papagsimula ´ in, papag-umpisah ´ in
4
to set in motion, as a motor:
magpaand´ ar, paandar ´ in
5
to movesuddenly:
mabigl´ a’, mabigla´ anan
6
to rouse:
bumul´ ahaw, mabul´ ahaw,bulah´ awin
statement
n.
1
something stated,account, report:
´ ulat, pah´ ayag
2
something said:
s´ abi, sin´ abi
3
stat-ing, manner of stating something:
pagpapah´ ayag, paglal´ ahad
4
sum-mary of an account showing amountowed:
kuw´enta ng pagkaka´ utang
station
n.
1
a place to stand in:
puw´esto, lug´ ar
2
a building orplace used for a regular stoppingplace:
himp´ ilan, istasy´ on
3
a placefor sending or receiving messages,programs, etc., by radio:
istasy´ on
4
a social position, rank:
lag´ ay,kalag´ ayan, tay´ o’, katay´ uan
5
aplace of assignment:
dest ´ ino
•
v.
1
to place:
tumay´ o’, itay´ o’, tay´ uan,lumag´ ay, ilag´ ay, lagy´ an
2
to assign

statue 172 stick

or be assigned to a certain station:
magdest ´ ino, madest ´ ino, idest ´ ino,magtalag´ a, matalag´ a, italag´ a
statue
n.
the image of a personor animal carved, cast or molded:
reb´ ulto, ist´ atuwa, bant´ ayog
stay
n.
1
a staying, stop, time spent:
pagt ´ igil, pamamal´ agi’, pagtir´ a
2
asupport, prop, brace:
t´ ukod, s´ uhay,sust´ento, tagasust´ento, tagatust´ os ng ikinabub´ uhay
•
v.
1
to continueto be as indicated:
manat ´ ili’
2
toremain:
manat ´ ili’, matir´ a, tumir´ a,magpa ´ iwan
3
to live for a while,dwell:
tumir´ a, manir´ ahan
4
to holdback, delay:
bumimb´ in, bimbin ´ in,pum ´ igil, pig ´ ilin
steal
v.
1
to take something thatdoes not belong to one, take dis-honestly:
magn´ akaw, nak´ awin,mang´ upit, kum´ upit, kup´ itin
2
totake, get, or do secretly:
mang-um ´ it,umit ´ in
3
to take by art, charm,etc.:
mang-´ akit, um´ akit, ak ´ itin,ma´ akit, mabigh´ ani, bighan ´ iin
4
to move secretly or quietly:
tu-malil ´ is nang panak´ aw, panak´ aw na tumalil ´ is, umal ´ is nang panak´ aw,duma´ an na p´ arang
wal´ ang an´ oman
•
n.
1
act of stealing (coll):
pag-nan´ akaw, pagkakan´ akaw, nakaw´ an,pangung´ upit, pang-uum ´ it
2
thingsstolen (coll):
ang mga nin´ akaw (n´ akaw)
steam
n.
water in form of vapor orgas:
sing´ aw
•
v.
1
to change intosteam:
magpasing´ aw, pasingaw ´ in
2
to give off steam:
suming´ aw
3
tocook, soften or freshen by steam:
pasingaw´ an
steam-roller
n.
pis´ on
•
v.
tocrush (coll.):
dum´ urog, dur´ ugin,sumag´ asa’, sagas´ ain, sagas´ aan
stem
n.
1
the main part of aplant above the ground whichsupports the other parts:
kataw´ an
2
the part of a flower, fruit orleaf that joins it to the plant ortree:
tangk´ ay
3
anything like thestem of a plant:
m´ anggo, hawak´ an,tangk´ ay
4
the root of a word:
ug´ at ng salit´ a’
•
v.
1
to stop,to check, to dam up:
umamp´ at,ampat ´ in, sumugp´ o’,sugpu ´ in, mag-pat ´ igil, patig ´ ilin
2
to stem from, tocome from:
magmul´ a’, pagmul´ an,mangg´ aling, panggal ´ ingan
stench
n.
a very bad smell:
b´ aho’,aling´ asaw, malans´ ang am´ oy,masam´ ang am´ oy
step
n.
1
one motion of the leg inwalking, running, or dancing, etc.:
hakb´ ang, hagp´ ang
2
the distancecovered by one such motion:
hakb´ ang
3
a way of stepping:
paghakb´ ang,hakb´ ang, paghagp´ ang, hagp´ ang
4
step for dancing:
 hakb´ ang, hagp´ ang
5
the place for the foot in goingup or coming down:
bait´ ang
6
thesound made by putting the footdown:
yab´ ag
7
a degree in a scale,a grade in rank:
ant´ as, gr´ ado
8
anaction:
pagk ´ ilos, hakb´ ang, pasiy´ a
9
footprint:
bak´ as ng pa´ a
•
v.
1
to measure off by taking steps:
hakbang ´ in
2
to move the legs asin walking, running, dancing, etc.:
humakb´ ang, ihakb´ ang, humagp´ ang,ihagp´ ang
3
to put the foot down:
tum´ apak, tap´ akan, matap´ akan,yum´ apak, yap´ akan, mayap´ akan
4
to step aside:
tumab´ i
5
to stepback:
um´ urong
6
to step in, to getinside:
pum´ asok
7
to step out, toget out:
lumab´ as
8
to keep step, tomake one’s steps fit those of anotherperson:
sumab´ ay sa hakb´ ang, isab´ ay ang hakb´ ang, sabay´ an ng hakb´ ang
stew
n.
1
a food cooked by slow boil-ing:
nil´ aga’
2
a stew with plenty of water and condiment:
sinig´ ang
•
 v.
to cook by slow boiling:
magl´ aga’,il´ aga’
stick
n.
1
a long, thin piece of wood:
k´ ahoy
2
a piece of splitbamboo:
patp´ at
3
a walking stick:
bast´ on, tungk´ od
4
a stick used tobeat another:
bamb´ o’, pambamb´ o’,

sticky 173 storekeeper

bat´ uta’ bat´ on
•
v.
1
to stab, topierce with a pointed instrument:
tum´ usok, magt´ usok, it´ usok, tus´ ukin,magd´ uro, id´ uro, dum´ uro, dur´ uin
2
to fasten, to attach:
magdik ´ it,idik ´ it, dikit´ an
3
to become fas-tened:
dumik ´ it, madik ´ it, magkadik ´ it,kum´ apit
4
to keep on, to hold fast:
manat ´ ili’, panatil ´ ihin, mamal´ agi’,pamalag ´ iin, magpat´ uloy, ipagpat´ uloy
5
to stick out:
umusl ´ i’, pausli ´ in,iusl ´ i’, lumab´ as, palabas ´ in, ilab´ as,maglaw ´ it, ilaw ´ it
sticky
adj.
that sticks:
malagk ´ it,madik ´ it
still
adj.
without motion, withoutnoise, quiet:
tah ´ imik, payap´ a’,wal´ ang ´ ingay, wal´ ang kib´ o’, di kumik ´ ilos
•
v.
1
to make quiet:
magpatah ´ imik, patahim ´ ikin
 2
tostop or cause to stop:
tum ´ igil, mag-pat ´ igil, patig ´ ilin, humint´ o’, ihint´ o,pahintu ´ in
•
adv.
1
even to thistime, even to that time:
hangg´ ang ngay´ on, k´ ahit ngay´ on, k´ ahit no´ on
2
even, yet:
pa, pa rin, l´ alo pa
3
conj. and yet, but yet, nevertheless:
gayunm´ an, sub´ alit, datapw´ a’t
stocking
n.
a close-fitting knittedcovering for the foot and leg:
m´edyas
stomach
n.
1
the most importantpart of the body for receiving anddigesting food:
sikm´ ura
2
the partof the body containing the stomach:
tiy´ an
3
lower part of abdomen:
pus´ on
•
v.
to bear, to endure,to put up with:
magti ´ is, mati ´ is,tiis ´ in, mabat´ a’, batah ´ in, matagal´ an,mak´ ain
stone
n.
1
a hard mineral mat-ter which is not a metal, rock,piece of rock:
bat´ o
2
a gem, jewel:
mahalag´ ang bat´ o, hiy´ as na bat´ o,brily´ ante
3
a hard seed:
but´ o
4
something hard and rounded like astone which sometimes forms in thekidneys or gall bladder:
bat´ o
•
v.
tothrow stones at:
bumat´ o, batuh ´ in,hum´ agis (magh´ agis, hag ´ isan) ng bat´ o, pumuk´ ol (pukul ´ in) ng bat´ o
stool
n.
1
a seat without back orarm:
bangk ´ ito
2
feces:
dum ´ i (ng tao)
stooped
adj.
round-shouldered:
huk´ ot, buk´ ot, ukl´ o
stop
n.
1
the place where astay is made:
tigil´ an, paradah´ an,himp´ ilan, hint´ uan
2
a punctuationmark:
tuld´ ok, punt´ o, p´ unto
3
abrief stop:
hint´ o’, paghint´ o’, t ´ igil,pagt ´ igil
4
a hindering, a check-ing:
pagp´ igil, pagkap´ igil
•
v.
1
tokeep from moving, doing, being,working, etc.:
pum ´ igil, pig ´ ilan,pig ´ ilin, magpahint´ o’, pahintu ´ in,magpat ´ igil, patig ´ ilin, sumaw´ ay,saway ´ in,
sumaw´ ata’, sawat´ ain
2
toclose a hole or opening by fillingit:
magp´ asak, pas´ akan
3
to put anend to:
magpat ´ igil, patig ´ ilin, it ´ igil,magpahint´ o’, pahintu´ an, ipahint´ o’
4
to come to an end, to cease, to leaveoff moving, acting, doing, being,etc.:
tum ´ igil, humint´ o’, tum´ ahan,magwak´ as, mat´ apos
5
to stay:
tum ´ igil, humimp´ il, humint´ o’
6
tostop a baby’s crying:
magpat´ ahan,patah´ anin
7
to stop bleeding (tocause it to stop):
umamp´ at, ampat ´ in
8
 to stop or check fire, sickness,plague, etc:
umap´ ula, apul´ ain,sumugp´ o’, masugp´ o’, sugpu ´ in
stopper
n.
a plug or cork for closinga bottle or tube, etc.:
tap´ on, p´ asak,pam´ asak, pansar´ a
store
n.
1
a shop:
tind´ ahan
2
a sup-ply, stock, something put away foruse later:
tingg´ al, pan´ ustos, res´erba
3
a place where supplies are kept forfuture use, a storehouse:
kam´ alig,tingg´ alan
•
v.
to put away foruse later,to lay up:
magtingg´ al, it-ingg´ al, mag-imb´ ak, imbak ´ in, iimb´ ak,magt´ ago’, it´ ago’, magtab´ i, itab´ i
•
adj.
in store, on hand, saved forthe future:
nakahand´ a’, nakat´ ago’,nakatingg´ al, nakaimb´ ak
storekeeper
n.
1
a person whohas charge of a store or stores:

story 174 stretch

magtitind´ a, tind´era, tind´ero,nagtitind´ a
2
the owner of a store:
ang may-´ari’ ng tind´ ahan
story
n.
1
an account of somehappening or group of happenings:
kuw´ento, salays´ ay, pagsasalays´ ay,ist´ orya, b´ ida
2
such an account,either true or madeup, intendedto interest the reader or hearer:
salays´ ay, kuw´ento, kath´ a’, ist´ orya
3
a falsehood:
kasinungal ´ ingan,katakat´ a, kabula´ anan
4
the set of rooms on the same level or floorof a building:
palap´ ag, p´ iso
5
 totell a story, to give an accountof some happening:
magkuw´ento,ikuw´ento, kuwentuh´ an, magsalays´ ay,isalays´ ay, salaysay´ an, magbid´ a,ib´ ida
stout
adj.
1
fat and large:
matab´ a’
2
firm, strong, strongly built:
mat ´ ibay, matat´ ag
3
brave, bold:
mat´ apang, mapus´ ok
stove
n.
an appraratus for cookingand heating:
kal´ an
straight
adj.
1
withouth bend orcurve:
tuw ´ id, matuw ´ id
2
frank,honest upright:
matw ´ id, matuw ´ id,tap´ at, matap´ at, tump´ ak, pr´ angko-a
•
adv.
1
directly:
dir´etso, tuw ´ iran,tul´ uy-tul´ oy
2
frankly, honestly:
matap´ at, tap´ atan
3
in the propercondition or order:
nang ma´ ayos
strainer
n.
a thing that strains:
sala´ an, pan´ ala’
strangle
v.
1
to kill by squeezing thethroat to stop the breath:
sumak´ al,sakal ´ in, bumigt ´ i’, bigtih ´ in
2
tochoke:
sumak´ al, sakal ´ in, bumigt ´ i’,bigtih ´ in
3
to be choked:
masak´ al,mabigt ´ i’
 4
to suppress, to keep back,to choke down:
magp´ igil, pum ´ igil,pig ´ ilin, sumugp´ o’, sugpu ´ in
straw
n.
1
the stalks or stems of grain after drying and threshing:
day´ ami, balangg´ ot
2
a straw fordrinking through:
istr´ o, panghith ´ it
strawberry
n.
small, juicy, redfruit:
pr´esa, istr´ oberi
stray
n.
a wanderer, lost animal:
kawal´ ang (lig´aw na) h´ ayop
•
v.
1
to wander, to roam:
gum´ ala’,magpag´ ala-g´ ala’, lum´ aboy, mag-pal´ abuy-l´ aboy
2
to lose one’s way:
malig´ aw, maw´ ala’
3
to get outof the way:
lumih ´ is, malih ´ is
•
adj.
1
wandering, lost:
pag´ ala-g´ ala’, pal´ aboy, nawawal´ a’, lig´ aw
2
scattered here and there:
kal´ at,kal´ at-kal´ at, nagkal´ at, nakak´ alat,lay´ u-lay´ o’, hiw´ a- hiwal´ ay
stream
n.
1
flow of liquid, runningwater:
´ agos, d´ aloy
2
a large brook, asmall river:
s´ apa’
3
any steady flow:
´ agos, d´ aloy
•
adv.
 1
up stream,against the current of the water:
k´ ontra sa ´ agos, pasalung´ at sa ´ agos,salung´ at sa ´ agos
2
down stream,with the current:
kas´ ama ng ´ agos,paay´ on sa ´ agos, sun´ od sa ´ agos
•
v.
1
to flow:
um´ agos, dum´ aloy, tum´ ulo’
2
to pour out:
dum´ anak
3
to be sowet as to drip in a stream:
tum´ ulo’
4
to float or wave:
wumagayw´ ay
street
n.
a road in a city or town,usually with buildings on both sides:
k´ alye, da´ an, lans´ angan
stretch
v.
1
to draw out, to extend:
magbuk´ a, ibuk´ a, mag-´ unat, i´ unat,magb´ anat, ban´ atin
2
to extend one’sbody or limbs:
mag-in´ at, um ´ inat,dumip´ a, idip´ a
3
to reach out, tohold out:
mag-ab´ ot, umab´ ot, iab´ ot,abut ´ in, dumukw´ ang, idukw´ ang,dukwang ´ in
4
to draw tight, tostrain:
magb´ anat, mab´ anat, ban´ atin
5
to draw out to greater length orsize:
bum´ anat, mab´ anat, ban´ atin,hum´ atak, mah´ atak, hat´ akin
6
tocontinue over a distance, to extendfrom one place to another, to fillspace, to spread:
umab´ ot, paabut ´ in
7
to stretch the arm in orderto get something:
dumukw´ ang
8
to exaggerate (coll.):
magpal´ abis,palab´ isin, magpas´ obra, pas´ obrahin
9
to enlarge:
magpalak ´ i, palakih ´ in
•
n.
1
unbroken length:
h´ aba’, kahab´ aan

strew 175 stuff

2
extent:
l´ awak, kalaw´ akan, l´ apad,kalap´ aran
strew
v.
1
to scatter, to sprinkle:
mags´ abog, sab´ ugan, is´abog
2
tocover or be covered with somethingscattered:
magbudb´ od, budbur´ an,ibudb´ od, magk´ alat, ik´ alat, kal´ atan
strike
v.
1
to hit, to beat:
mang-hamp´ as, humamp´ as, hampas ´ in,ihamp´ as, pum´ alo’, mam´ alo’, pal´ uin,ip´ alo’
2
to hit with the fist:
sumunt´ ok, suntuk ´ in
3
to set on fireby hitting or rubbing:
magkisk ´ is,kiskis ´ in, ikisk ´ is
4
to influence, toovercome (by death, disease, suffer-ing, terror, fear, etc.):
makadam´ a,madam´ a, makaramd´ am, maram-dam´ an, talab´ an, tabl´ an, dap´ uan,matam´ aan
5
to impress:
mag-palag´ ay, ipalag´ ay, magkint´ al, ikint´ al
6
to sound:
tumun´ og, tumugt´ og
7
to stop work to get better payor better working condition, etc:
mag-akl´ as, umakl´ as, pag-aklas´ an,magw´elga, pagwelgah´ an
8
to findor come upon ore, oil, water, etc.:
makatukl´ as, matuklas´ an, makak ´ ita,mak ´ ita, makatagp´ o’, matagpu´ an
9
to strike up, to begin:
magsimul´ a’,simul´ an, mag-umpis´ a, umpisah´ an
10
 to strike out means (a) to crossout, to rub out:
bumur´ a, burah ´ in,mag-al ´ is, alis ´ in
(b) to fail to hitthree times in baseball:
maa´ ut,uma´ ut, aut ´ in
•
n.
1
the act or factof stopping work to get more pay,shorter hours, etc.:
w´elga, akl´ asan
2
a blow:
hamp´ as, p´ alo’, sunt´ ok
3
a hit in baseball:
istr´ ayk
4
theact of hitting:
pagp´ alo’, paghamp´ as,pagsunt´ ok
string
n.
1
a thick thread, smallcord:
p´ isi’, t´ ali’, pan´ ali’, l´eteng
2
such a thread with things on it:
kwint´ as
3
a special cord for musicalinstruments:
kuw´erdas, bagt ´ ing
4
anything used for tying:
t´ ali’, pan´ ali’
5
a number of things in a line orrow:
hil´era, p´ ila, l ´ inya, h´ anay
•
v.
1
to put on a string:
magt´ uhog,tuh´ ugin
2
to furnish with strings:
magbagt ´ ing, bagting´ an
3
to removestrings from:
maghim´ ay, himay ´ in,magsung´ ot, sungut´ an
4
to tie witha string:
magt´ ali’, it´ ali’, tal ´ ian
5
toprovide a musical instrument withstrings:
 magkuw´erdas, kuw´erdasan
strive
v.
1
to try hard, to workhard:
magsum ´ ikap, pagsumik´ apan,mags ´ ikap, pagsik´ apan, magpunyag ´ i’,pagpunyagi´ an
2
to struggle:
mag-pum ´ ilit, pagpumil ´ itan, pagpil ´ itan,magpakah ´ irap, pagkahir´ apan
stroll
n.
a leisurely walk:
pasy´ al,pamamasy´ al, paglalak´ ad-lak´ ad
•
v.
to walk, to take a quiet walk forpleasure:
magpasy´ al-pasy´ al, ma-masy´ al, magpasy´ al, maglak´ ad-lak´ ad,lum´ akad-l´ akad
strong
adj.
1
having much force,power, etc.:
malak´ as
2
physicallystrong:
malak´ as, malus´ og
3
mate-rially strong:
mat ´ ibay, matat´ ag
4
morally strong:
mat ´ ibay, matap´ at
5
powerful:
makapangyar ´ ihan
6
concentrated:
mat´ apang
student
n.
1
a person who studies:
mag-aar´ al, estudy´ ante, iskuw´ela
2
one who is fond of or devoted tostudy:
pal´ a-ar´ al
study
n.
1
effort to learn by readingor thinking:
pag-a´ aral
2
 a room tostudy in:
sil ´ id-aral´ an
3
investiga-tion, careful examination:
pagusur ´ i,pagsisiy´ asat
•
v.
1
to think out,plan, consider with care:
mag-´ isip, pag-is ´ ipan, is ´ ipin, mag-´ aral,pag-ar´ alan
2
to examine, considercarefully:
magsur ´ i, sur ´ iin
stuff
n.
1
material, what a thingis made of:
matery´ ales, g´ amit,kagamit´ an, sangk´ ap, panangk´ ap
2
worthless material, useless things:
ab´ ubot, bas´ ura, wal´ ang halag´ ang (kuw´entang) b´ agay
•
v.
1
to fill, topack full:
maglam´ an, palaman´ an,palamn´ an, ipalam´ an, magpun´ o’,punu ´ in, magpalo´ ob, paloob´ an,

stumble 176 suffer

ipalo´ ob, siksik´ an
2
to fill (a chicken,turkey, etc.) with seasoned breadcrumbs, etc.:
magrily´eno, rilyenuh ´ in
3
to fill the skin of a dead animalto make it look as it did when alive:
magp´ asak, pas´ akan, magpalam´ an,palamn´ an
4
to stop up, to block,to choke up:
magbar´ a, barah´ an,magp´ asak, pas´ akan, magt´ ako,tak´ uhan, magsupalp´ al, supalpal´ an
stumble
v.
1
to trip by striking thefoot against something:
mat ´ isod,matapil´ ok
2
to walk unsteadily:
sum´ uray-s´ uray, magpas´ uray-s´ uray,magpah´ apay-h´ apay, hum´ apay-h´ apay
3
to fall in walking or running:
madap´ a’ (marap´ a’), maparap´ a’
4
 tospeak or act, in a clumsy or hesitat-ing way:
umut´ al-ut´ al, umunt´ ul-unt´ ol
5
to come upon or find by ac-cident or chance:
makasump´ ong,masumpung´ an, makatukl´ as, matuk-las´ an, makatagp´ o’, matagpu´ an
6
to make a mistake, to do wrong:
magk´ amali’, magkas´ ala’
stun
v.
1
to make senseless:
magpawal´ ang-m´ alay, makawal´ ang-m´ alay, mawal´ ang-m´ alay
2
to daze:
matul ´ ig, makatul ´ ig, tulig ´ in, mah ´ ilo,makah ´ ilo, hil´ uhin
3
to confuse:
makalit´ o, lituh ´ in, makatarant´ a,tarantah ´ in
4
to be confused:
malit´ o, matarant´ a
5
to be shocked:
masind´ ak, mangil´ abot
stun
v.
1
to make senseless:
magpawal´ ang-m´ alay, makawal´ ang-m´ alay, mawal´ ang-m´ alay
2
to daze:
matul ´ ig, makatul ´ ig, tulig ´ in, mah ´ ilo,makah ´ ilo, hil´ uhin
3
to confuse:
makalit´ o, lituh ´ in, makatarant´ a,tarantah ´ in
4
to be confused:
malit´ o, matarant´ a
5
to be shocked:
masind´ ak, mangil´ abot
stupefy
v.
to make stupid, dull,or senseless:
makatulir´ o, matulir´ o,makawal´ a’ ng m´ alay
stupid
adj.
1
dull, not intelligent:
tang´ a, gungg´ong, hang´ al, est´ upido,g´ ago/a, ung´ as
 2
not interesting, ab-surd, unreasonable:
wal´ ang kuw´enta,wal´ ang says´ay, nakababag´ ot
sturdy
adj.
1
physically strong,stout:
malak´ as, matipun´ o’
2
firm,not yielding:
mat ´ ibay, matig´ as,matat´ ag
stutter
v.
to repeat the same soundin an effort to speak:
umut´ al-ut´ al,maut´ al, magsalit´ a’ nang paut´ al-ut´ al
style
n.
1
fashion:
´ uso, m´ oda
2
a manner, method, or way of speaking, writing, doing, build-ing, etc.:
para´ an, pamamara´ an,ist ´ ilo, est ´ ilo
•
v.
to name, tocall:
tum´ awag, taw´ agin, it´ awag,magtagur ´ i’, taguri´ an, itagur ´ i’
stylish
adj.
having style, fashion-able:
pustury´ oso/a, sun´ od (´ ayon) sa m´ oda, makab´ ago
subjugate
v.
1
to subdue, toconquer:
lum´ upig, lup´ igin, sum´ upil,sup´ ilin, gumah ´ is, gahis ´ in
2
tobe able to subdue (be subdued):
mal´ upig, magah ´ is, mas´ upil
submarine
n.
a boat that can go un-der water:
sumar ´ ino
submerge
v.
1
to put under wa-ter:
maglub´ og, ilub´ og, palubug ´ in,maglubl´ ob, ilubl´ ob
2
to sink underwater:
lumub´ og, palubug ´ in, sum ´ isid,pasis ´ irin
submerged
adj.
covered withwater:
lub´ og
succor
n.
help:
sakl´ olo, t´ ulong
•
v.
to help, to aid:
sumakl´ olo,saklol´ ohan, tum´ ulong, tul´ ungan
sudden
adj.
1
not expected:
bigl´a’,bigl´ aan, di inaas´ ahan
2
quick, rapid:
bigl´ a’, mabil ´ is, kagy´ at
3
all of asudden, unexpectedly or quickly:
wal´ ang an´ u-an´ o, kagins´ a-g ´ insa’,bigl´ ang-bigl´ a’
suffer
v.
1
to have pain, grief, etc.:
magd´ usa, pagdus´ ahan, magti ´ is,pagtiis´ an
2
to feel, to experience,to endure:
magd´ anas, dum´ anas,dan´ asin, magti ´ is, tiis ´ in, magbat´ a’,batah ´ in (bath ´ in)
3
to experienceharm, loss, etc.:
mal´ asin, sama ´ in,

suffering 177 support

ab´ utin ng m´ alas (sam´ a’)
4
toallow, to permit:
pum´ ayag, pay´ agan,bay´ aan, pabay´ aan, hay´ aan, tul´ utan,it´ ulot, pahintul´ utan
suffering
n.
pain:
sak ´ it, s´ akit,pagpapakas´ akit, d´ usa, pagdur´ usa,h ´ irap, paghih ´ irap, kahir´ apan, tiis ´ in,pagtiti ´ is
sufficient
adj.
1
enough, as muchas is needed:
sap´ at, k´ asiya, hust´ o,h´ usto
2
 competent, able (old use):
may k´ aya, may kakayah´ an
sugar
n.
a sweet substance madefrom sugar cane or sugar beet:
as´ ukal, matam ´ is
sugar cane
n.
tub´ o
suggest
v.
1
to bring a thought,plan, idea, etc., to a person’s mind:
magmungk´ ahi’, imungk´ ahi’
2
toshow in an indirect way, hint:
magpahiw´ atig, ipahiw´ atig
suit
n.
1
a set of clothes:
t´erno
2
a case in a law court:
sakd´ al,pagsasakd´ al, usap´ in, habl´ a, pagha-habl´ a, dem´ anda, pagdedem´ anda
3
a request, asking:
paki´ usap, hil ´ ing,kahil ´ ingan
4
a wooing:
panging ´ ibig,panlil ´ igaw, panun´ uyo’
•
v.
1
to makefit, to make suitable:
mag-angk´ op,iangk´ op, angkup´ an, magb´ agay,ib´ agay, bag´ ayan, mag-akm´ a’, iakm´ a’
2
to be suitable, to be agreeable:
mab´ agay, maangk´ op, maakm´ a’
3
to agree with:
bum´ agay, mab´ agay,bag´ ayan, mahiy´ ang
4
to be becom-ing:
bum´ agay, bag´ ayan
5
to please,to be convenient for, to satisfy:
makib´ agay, pakibag´ ayan, magbig´ ay-kasiy´ ahan, bigy´ ang-kasiy´ ahan
suitcase
n.
a flat, rectangular trav-eling bag:
 mal´eta
sulk
v.
to be sulky:
magtamp´ o, mag-makt´ ol
sullen
adj.
1
silent because of illhumor:
nagmamakt´ ol, masam´ a’ ang lo´ ob, nagtatamp´ o
2
gloomy, dismal:
madil ´ im, kuliml ´ im, mapangl´ aw,malungk´ ot
sum
n.
1
the total of two or morenumbers or things taken together,the whole:
s´ uma, kabuu´ an, tot´ al
2
amount of money:
halag´ a
3
tosum up, to express or tell briefly:
magbu´ o’, buu ´ in, sabihin (ipah´ ayag)sa il´ ang pananalit´ a’ (katag´ a’)
summer
n.
the warmest seasonof the year:
tag-ar´ aw, tag-´ araw,tag-in ´ it, tag-´ init
•
v.
to spend thesummer:
magpara´ an ng tag-ar´ aw (tag-in ´ it), paraan ´ in ang tag-ar´ aw (tag-in ´ it)
sumptuous
adj.
costly, magnifi-cent, rich:
marangy´ a’, maring´ al,masag´ ana
sun
n.
1
the brightest object inthe sky:
´ araw
2
any heavenly bodylike the sun:
´ araw
3
the lightand warmth of the sun:
ang s ´ ikat (liw´ anag) at ´ init ng ´ araw
•
v.
toput in the light and warmth of the sun:
magpa-´ araw, paar´ awan,magpa ´ init (pain ´ itin, pain ´ itan) sa ´ araw, magbil´ ad (ibil´ ad) sa ´ araw
Sunday
n.
the first day of the week:
Lingg´ o, Dom ´ ingo
sunken
adj.
1
sunk:
lub´ og
2
situatedbelow the general level:
mab´ aba’
3
hollow:
hump´ ak, lub´ og
sunrise
n.
the rising of the sun:
pags ´ ikat ng ´ araw
sunset
n.
the going down of the sun:
paglub´ og ng ´ araw
superiority
n.
a superior stateor quality:
hig ´ it na kagal ´ ingan (kahus´ ayan), kahigt´ an (kata´ asan )ng ´ uri’
supper
n.
the evening meal:
hap´ unan
supplement
n.
something addedto complete a thing or to makeit larger or better:
suplem´ento,dagd´ ag, karagd´ agan, kapupun´ an
•
v.
to add to, to complete:
makaragd´ ag,magdagd´ ag, dagdag´ an, makahust´ o,maghust´ o, hustuh ´ in
support
v.
1
to hold up,to keepfrom falling:
magt´ ukod, tuk´ uran,mag-al´ alay, umal´ alay, alal´ ayan

sure 178 suspicion

2
to prop:
mags´ uhay, suh´ ayan
3
 to keep up, to help, to givestrength or courage to:
magtag´ uyod,itag´ uyod, tum´ ulong, tul´ ungan
4
toprovide for:
magtust´ os, tustus´ an,magsust´ento, sustentuh´ an
5
to bein favor of, to back up, to second:
kum´ atig, kat ´ igan, magtag´ uyod,itag´ uyod
6
to help prove, to bearout:
magpat´ unay, patun´ ayan, mag-patoto´ o, patotoh´ anan
•
n.
1
theact of supporting, condition of being supported, help, aid:
t´ ulong,pagt´ ulong, tag´ uyod, pagtatag´ uyod,tust´ os, pagtust´ os, pagtutust´ os,sust´ento, pagsust´ento,
pagsusust´ento
2
a person or thing that supports:
tagatag´ uyod, tagak´ atig, tagasust´ento,tagatust´ os
3
a prop:
t´ ukod, s´ uhay
sure
adj.
1
certain, free from doubt:
tiy´ ak, p´ iho, pih´ ado, sigur´ ado
2
safe, reliable:
maaas´ ahan, sigur´ ado,tap´ at, mapagtitiwal´ aan
3
firm:
matat´ ag
•
adv.
1
surely, certainly(American colloquialism):
sigur´ ado,tiy´ ak, nakatitiy´ ak
2
to be sure maysometimes mean certainly:
tiy´ ak,sigur´ ado, pih´ ado
3
to make sure,to be certain:
tumiy´ ak, tiyak ´ in,magsigur´ o, sigur´ uhin, sigurad´ uhin,pum ´ iho, pih´ uhin
surety
n.
1
a certainty againstloss or damage:
panag´ ot, garantiy´ a,garant ´ iya
2
 a person who agreesto be responsible for another:
tagapanag´ ot, ang panananag´ ot,piyad´ or
surgery
n.
the treating of dis-eases, injuries, etc. by operations:
pag-oper´ a, pag-ooper´ a, pagtist ´ is,pagtitist ´ is, siruh ´ iya
surpass
v.
1
to do better than, to bebetter than:
duma ´ ig, mada ´ ig, daig ´ in,humig ´ it, makahig ´ it, mahigt´ an,higt´ an
2
to be more than, toexceed, to be too much or toogreat for:
lum´ alo’, makal´ alo,lal´ uan, lumamp´ as, malampas´ an,makalamp´ as, lampas´ an, humig ´ it,makahig ´
it, mahigt´ an, higt´ an
surplus
n.
amount over and abovewhat is needed, extra quantityleft over, excess:
l´ abis, s´ obra, lab´ i,natir´ a, tir´ a
•
adj.
more than isneeded:
l´ abis, kalabis´ an, s´ obra, lab´ i
surprise
n.
1
a feeling causedby something unexpected:
g´ ulat,pagkag´ ulat, mangh´ a’, pagkamangh´ a’,gitl´ a’, pagkagitl´ a’, pagkabigl´ a’, tak´ a,pagtatak´ a
2
something unexpected:
sorpr´esa
•
adj.
surprising, that isnot expected:
di akal´ ain, bigl´ aan,di inaas´ ahan
•
v.
1
to catch un-prepared, to come upon suddenly:
bumigl´ a’, bigla ´ in
2
to astonish:
mangg´ ulat, gum´ ulat, gul´ atin
3
tobe or become astonished:
mag´ ulat,magtak´ a, mabigl´ a’, magitl´ a’
surround
v.
1
to shut in on all sides,to be aground, to extend around:
pumal ´ igid, palig ´ iran, mal ´ igid, ku-mul´ ong, kulung ´ in, makul´ ong
 2
tobesiege by encircling:
pum ´ ikot,pik´ utin, kumubk´ ob, makubk´ ob,kubkub´ in
surroundings
n.
surroundingthings, conditions, etc.:
pal ´ ibot,pal ´ igid, kapaligir´ an, kapalig ´ iran,mga pal ´ igid
suspend
v.
1
to hang down byattaching to something above:
magb´ itin, ib´ itin, magpalaw ´ it,palawit ´ in, ilaw ´ it
2
to stop orcause to stop for a while:
mag-pat ´ igil, it ´ igil, patig ´ ilin, magpahint´ o’,pahintu ´ in, ihint´ o’, sumans´ ala,sansal´ ain, pum ´ igil,
pig ´ ilin, ipahing´ a,bumimb´ in, bimbin ´ in
3
to removeor exclude for a while from someprivilege or job:
magsuspind´e,suspindih ´ in, isuspind´e, pum ´ igil,pig ´ ilin
4
to keep undecided, put off:
bumimb´ in, bimbin ´ in, magpal ´ iban,ipagpal ´ iban
suspenders
n.
1
straps wornover the shoulders to hold up thetrousers:
tir´ ante
2
elastic band tohold up socks or stockings:
l ´ igas

swallow 179 swing

suspicion
n.
1
suspecting, thestate of mind of one who suspects:
hin´ ala’, paghihin´ ala’, sapant´ aha,pagsasapant´ aha, bint´ ang, pagbib-int´ ang
2
a very small amount:
bahagy´ a’, katit ´ ing, karamp´ ot
3
asuggestion, hint:
pahiw´ atig
4
adoubt:
pangamb´ a, alinl´ angan, pag-aalinl´ angan
5
a being suspected:
pinaghihinal´ aan, pinagbibintang´ an
swallow
 v.
1
to take into thestomach through the throat:
lu-mun´ ok, lunuk ´ in, lumul´ on, lulun ´ in
2
to take in, to absorb:
lumul´ on,malul´ on, lulun ´ in, lumun´ ok, lunuk ´ in,sumakm´ al, sakmal ´ in, tum´ abon,matab´ unan
3
to believe too easily,to accept without question orsuspicion:
maniw´ ala’ ag´ ad, pani-wal´ aan ag´ ad
4
to put up with,to take meekly, to accept withoutopposing or resisting:
tumangg´ ap,tanggap´ in, magti ´ is, mati ´ is, tiis ´ in,malul´ on
5
to take back:
bum´ awi’,baw ´ iin
6
to keep back, to keepfrom expressing:
magl ´ ihim, il ´ ihim,magtimp´ i’, timpi ´ in, magp´ igil, pig ´ ilin
•
n.
swallowing:
lun´ ok, paglun´ ok,lul´ on, paglul´ on
swamp
n.
wet, soft, land:
l´ ati’,lat ´ ian
•
v.
1
to plunge or sinkin a swamp or in water:
lumub´ og,malub´ og
2
to overwhelm as a floodwould, to make helpless:
bumah´ a’,baha ´ in, baha´ an, dumags´ a’, dagsa´ an
swan
n.
a kind of water bird:
s ´ isne
sweat
v.
1
to give out moisturethrough the pores of the skin:
magp´ awis, paw ´ isan, pagpaw ´ isan
2
to cause to sweat:
magpap´ awis,papagpaw ´ isin, papaw ´ isin
3
to causeto work hard and under bad condi-tions:
magpah ´ irap, pahir´ apan
•
 n.
the moisture coming through theskin:
p´ awis
sweater
n.
a knitted jacket usuallyof wool:
suw ´ iter, sw´eter
sweep
v.
1
to clean or clear afloor, etc. with a broom, to brush:
magwal ´ is, walis´ an
2
to remove witha sweeping motion, carry along:
tumang´ ay, matang´ ay, tangay ´ in
•
n.
a stretch, continuous extent:
l´ awak,kalaw´ akan
sweet
adj.
1
having a taste likesugar or honey:
matam ´ is
2
havinga pleasant taste:
masar´ ap, mali-namn´ am
3
having a pleasant smell:
mabang´ o, masamy´ o’
4
pleasant:
kalugud-lug´ od, matam ´ is
5
fresh,not sour, salty, bitter, nor spoiled:
sar ´ iwa’
•
n.
1
something sweet:
matam ´ is, d´ ulse
2
sweets, candy:
k´endi
3
sugar and extracts:
as´ ukal
4
dear, darling:
mah´ al, ´ irog
sweetheart
 n.
loved one, lover:
n´ obyo (male), n´ obya (fem), katip´ an,kasint´ ahan, liy´ ag, kas´ uyo’
swift
adj.
moving very fast, comingsuddenly or quickly, quick rapid:
mat´ ulin, mabil ´ is
•
adv.
swiftly:
mabil ´ is, mat´ ulin
•
n.
a small birdwith long wings:
l´ ayang-l´ ayang
swim
v.
1
to move along on or inthe water by using arms, legs, fins,etc.:
maglang´ oy, lumang´ oy, languy ´ in
2
to swim across:
lumang´ oy sa kabil´ a’, languy ´ in ang kabil´ a’
3
tobe dizzy:
mah ´ ilo
4
to overflow:
um´ apaw, ap´ awan, bumah´ a’, baha´ an
•
n.
1
to make swim:
magpalang´ oy,palanguy ´ in
2
the act of swimming:
paglalang´ oy, paglang´ oy
swindle
v.
to cheat, to defraud:
manans´ o’, tansu ´ in, man´ekas,tek´ asin, magd´ aya’, day´ ain, man´ uba’,sub´ ain
•
n.
an act of cheating ordefrauding:
pananans´ o’, pagdar´ aya’,panggag´ antso, panun´ uba’
swing
v.
1
to move back andforth:
mag-ug´ oy, umug´ oy, iug´ oy,magd´ uyan, id´ uyan
2
 to move in a curveL magpalik´ o’, lumik´ o’, pa-liku ´ in, ilik´ o’, magpak´ urba, kum´ urba,pakurbah ´ in,
ik´ urba
•
n.
1
steady,marked rhythm:
ind´ ayong
2
aswining gait or movement:
ind´ ak
3
movement, activity:
sigl´ a
4
a seat

switch 180 tail

hung from ropes on which one maysit and swing:
d´ uyan
switch
n.
1
a slender stick usedin whipping:
pam´ alo’, patp´ at na pam´ alo’
2
a stroke, a lash:
hamp´ as, p´ alo’, hagup´ it
3
a devicefor breaking or making a con-nection:
suw ´ its
4
a change, turn,shift:
pagl ´ ipat, paglil ´ ipat, pagb´ ago,pagbab´ ago, pagpapal ´ it
•
v.
1
towhip, to strike:
mam´ alo’, pum´ alo’,pal´ uin, humagup´ it, hagupit ´ in
2
tochange, to turn, to shift:
magpal ´ it,palit´ an, magb´ ago, bag´ uhin, magl ´ ipat,lum ´ ipat, il ´ ipat
swollen
adj.
past participle of swell,swelled:
mag´ a’, namamag´ a’
swoon
v.
to faint:
mawal´ an ng m´ alay-t´ ao, himatay ´ in
•
 n.
afaint:
paghihimat´ ay, pagkawal´ a’ ng m´ alay-t´ ao
sword
n.
a weapon with a long,sharp blade:
esp´ ada, s´ able
symmetrical
adj.
having sym-metry, well-proportioned:
may sim´etria, timb´ ang, magkatimb´ ang,proporsiyon´ ado
sympathetic
adj.
1
sympathizing,having or showing kind feelingstowards others:
maawa ´ in, naha-hab´ ag, mahabag ´ in, nakikir´ amay,madamay ´ in
2
approving, agree-ing:
uma´ ayon, sum´ asang-´ ayon,nakikiis´ a, kas´ ang-´ ayon
3
enjoy-ing the same things and gettingalong well together:
magkasund´ o’,nagkakasund´ o’
sympathize
v.
1
to feel or showsympathy:
ma´ awa’, kaawa´ an, ma-hab´ ag, kahabag´ an, makir´ amay,dum´ amay, dam´ ayan, maki-dalamh´ ati’
2
to approve, to agree:
um´ ayon, ay´ unan, sum´ ang-´ ayon,sang-ay´ unan, makiis´ a
syringe
n.
a device for drawing ina quantity of fluid and then forcingit out in a stream:
hiringg ´ ilya, la-bat ´ iba
•
v.
to inject:
mag-iniksiy´ on,iniksiyun´ an
syrup
n.
a sweet, thick, liquid, sugarboiled in water:
pul´ ot, arn ´ ibal
T
table
n.
1
a piece of furniturehaving a smooth flat top on legs:
m´esa, lam´esa, hap´ ag
2
a very lowor short-legged table:
d´ ulang
 3
thefood put on a table to be eaten:
h´ ain, pagk´ aing n´ asa m´esa
or simply:
pagk´ ain
4
a list, very condensedinformation:
tal´ aan, h´ anay, tala-han´ ayan
•
v.
1
to put on a table:
maglag´ ay (ilag´ ay ) sa m´esa
2
to setthe table, to prepare the table for ameal:
magh´ ain sa m´esa, ha ´ inan ang m´esa
3
to table a bill or motion,to put off discussing it:
ipagpal ´ iban ang pag-u´ usap sa panuk´ alang-bat´ as o mungk´ ahi’
4
to turn the tables,to reverse conditions:
saliwa ´ in ang mga pangyay´ ari (kalag´ ayan)
tablecloth
n.
a cloth for coveringthe table:
mant´el, tap´ete
tablet
n.
1
a small flat piece of medicine or candy:
tabl´eta
2
a smallflat surface with an inscription:
l´ apida
3
a number of sheets of paperfastened at the edge:
pad, t´ ablet
tacks
n.
1
a short, sharp-pointednail or pin having a broad flat head:
p´ akong uluh´ an, t´ amtak, b´ oston
2
a stitch used as a temporaryfastening:
hilb´ ana, tut´ os, t´ utos
3
a course of action or conduct:
para´ an, pamamara´ an, kaparaan´ an,t´ aktika
•
v.
1
 to fasten with tacks:
magt´ amtak, it´ amtak, tamtak´ an
2
to sew with temporary stitches:
maghilb´ ana, ihilb´ ana, hilban´ ahan,magtut´ os, itut´ os, tutus ´ in
3
to at-tach:
magkab´ it, ikab´ it, kabit´ an
4
toadd:
magdagd´ ag, idagd´ ag, dagdag´ an
tadpole 1
n
2
a very young frog ortoad:
uluul´ o
tail
n.
1
a prolongation of therear end of the body of an ani-

tailor 181 talk

mal:
bunt´ ot
2
something like ananimal’s tail:
bunt´ ot, pabunt´ot
3
the hind part of anything, back,rear:
hul ´ i, hulih´ an, puw ´ it, puwit´ an
4
to put a tail on:
magbunt´ ot,buntut´ an
•
v.
to follow close behind:
sumun´ ud-sun´ od, sund´ an-sund´ an,bumunt´ ut-bunt´ ot, bunt´ ut-buntut´an
•
adj.
1
coming from behind:
mul´ a’ sa lik´ od o hulih´ an, g´ aling sa lik´ od ohulih´ an
2
of the rear end:
sa (ng)lik´ od o hulih´ an, panlik´ od, paghul ´ i,panghulih´ an
tailor
n.
a man whose business ismaking clothes:
sastr´e, manan´ ahi’
•
v.
to make by tailor’s work:
tumah ´ i’,tahi ´ in, itah ´ i’
tailor shop
n.
the shop of a tailor:
sastreriy´ a, patah ´ ian
take
v.
1
to lay hold of:
tum´ angan,tang´ anan, tangn´ an, hum´ awak,haw´ akan
2
to seize, to capture:
hum´ uli, hul ´ ihin, dumak ´ ip, dakp´ in
3
to be seized or captured:
mah´ uli,madak ´ ip
4
to accept:
tumangg´ ap,tanggap´ in
5
to receive:
tumangg´ ap,tanggap´ in, matangg´ ap
6
to get:
kum´ uha, k´ unin
7
to win:
man´ alo,tal´ unin, magtagump´ ay, pagtagum-pay´ an
8
to choose, select:
pum ´ ili’,pil ´ iin
9
to remove:
mag-al ´ is, alis ´ in,ial ´ is, ilay´ o’
10
to go with:
mags´ ama,ipags´ ama, pasam´ ahin, sum´ ama,is´ ama
11
to carry:
magdal´ a, dalh ´ in,maghat ´ id, ihat ´ id
12
to suppose:
magpalag´ ay, ipalag´ ay, mag-ak´ ala’,akal´ ain
13
to regard, to consider:
magpalag´ ay, ipalag´ ay, ipagpalag´ ay,magsa´ alang-´ alang, isa´ alang-´ alang
14
to please, to attract:
um´ akit,ak ´ itin, ma´ akit, maka´ akit, magbig´ ay-kasiy´ ahan, bigy´ ang-kasiy´ ahan
 •
n.
1
amount taken, as in fishing:
h´ uli
2
amount taken as in gambling:
pan´ alo, panal´ unan, k´ abig
3
totake after, to be like, to resem-ble:
magkaw´ angis, makaw´ angis,maw´ angis, magkat´ ulad, makat´ ulad,tum´ ulad, mat´ ulad, magkamukh´
a’,makamukh´ a’
or use adjectives:
kamukh´ a’, kaw´ angis, kat´ ulad
4
to take away:
bum´ awi’, baw ´ iin,mag-al ´ is, alis ´ in, um´ awas, aw´ asin
5
to take down means (a) towrite down:
is´ ulat, ital´ a’
(b) toput down:
magbab´ a’, ibab´ a’
(c) tolower the pride of:
magpabab´ a’ ng pagkat´ ao (karang´ alan), pababa ´ in ang pagkat´ ao (karang´ alan)
6
to take inmeans (a) to receive:
tumangg´ ap,tanggap´ in
(b) to make smaller ornarrower:
kip´ utan
(c) to understand:
umintind ´ i, maintindih´ an, intindih ´ in,umun´ awa’, maunaw´ aan, unaw´ ain
(d) to deceive, to cheat:
mand´ aya’,dum´ aya’, day´ ain, mad´ aya’
7
totake off means (a) to leave theground or water:
lumip´ ad, tuma´ as
(b) to give a funny imitation of:
gum´ aya, gay´ ahin
, (c) to remove:
hum´ ango’, hang´ uin, mag-al ´ is, alis ´ in
8
to take on, to engage, to hire:
um´ upa, up´ ahan
9
to take to means(a) to form a liking for:
magkagust´ o
(b) to go to:
magpunt´ a, pumunt´ a,magt´ ungo, tum´ ungo
10
to take upmeans (a) to soak up, to absorb:
sumips ´ ip, sipsip´ in
 (b) to makeshorter:
magpaikl ´ i’, paikli ´ in, mag-paigs ´ i’, paigsi ´ in
(c) to lift:
magta´ as,ita´ as, magbuh´ at, buh´ atin
(d) toundertake, to study:
mag-´ aral,pag-ar´ alan, kum´ uha, k´ unin
talented
adj.
having natural ability,gifted:
matal ´ ino, may ´ ulo
talk
v.
1
to use words, tospeak:
magsalit´ a’
2
to discuss,to talk about:
mag-´ usap, pag-us´ apan
3
to consult, to con-fer:
sumangg´ uni’, sanggun ´ iin,isangg´ uni’, magkons´ ulta, ku-mons´ ulta, konsultah ´ in, ikons´
ulta,pagkonsultah´ an
4
to spread ideasby other means than speech:
mag-pah´ ayag, ipah´ ayag, magpaliw´ anag,ipaliw´ anag
5
to bring, put, drive,influence, etc. by talk:
humik´ ayat,hikay´ atin
6
to talk with:
kuma´ usap,

talkative 182 tattle

makipag-´ usap, kaus´ apin, bum´ ati’,bat ´ iin
7
to converse:
mag-´ usap,magsalit´ aan
8
to speak unneces-sarily:
dumald´ al, magdadald´ al, ngu-maw´ a’, magngangaw´ a’
9
to talk in arough manner:
bumuly´ aw, bulyaw´ an
•
n.
1
conversation:
us´ apan, pag-u´ usap, salit´ aan, pagsasalit´ aan
2
theuse of words:
 pagsasalit´ a’
3
spokenwords:
mga salit´ a’ (pangung´ usap)
4
a speech:
talump´ ati’, disk´ urso
5
aninformal speech:
salit´ a’, pagsasalit´ a’,pangung´ usap
6
a lecture:
panay´ am
7
gossip, report, rumor:
ts ´ ismis,bal ´ i-bal ´ ita’, sab´ i-sab´ i
8
emptytalk:
ngawng´ aw, ngasng´ as, dald´ al,kusk´ us-bal´ ungos
talkative
adj.
having the habit of talking a great deal, fond of talking:
masalit´ a’, matab´ il, madald´ al
tall
adj.
1
high in stature:
mata´ as,matangk´ ad
2
for things of greatheight:
mata´ as, mat´ ayog
tallow
n.
hard fat:
s´ebo, tab´ a’
tamarind
n.
a tropical tree grownfor its wood and fruits, also its fruits:
samp´ alok
tango
n.
a kind of Latin Americandance:
t´ anggo
tank
n.
1
a large container for liquidor gas:
tangk´e, t´ angke
2
a small self-moving steel fort used to attack inwar:
tangk´e, t´ angke
tap
v.
1
to strike lightly:
kumat´ ok,katuk ´ in, tumukt´ ok
2
to strike lightlywith the open hand:
tumap´ ik,tapik ´ in
3
to cut the bark of a treeto let out sap:
tumapy´ as (tapyas´ an)´ upang dumagt´ a’, hum ´ iwa’ (hiw´ aan)upang dumagt´ a’, magpadagt´ a’,padagta
´ in, magpat´ ulo’ ng dagt´ a’,l ´ ikido, t´ ubig, atb., patul´ uin ang dagt´a’
4
to make a connection on:
magkab´ it, kabit´ an
•
n.
1
a lightblow with the open hand:
tap´ ik
2
a tool for cutting internal screwthreads:
panr´ oskas, pangr´ oskas
3
astopper or plug to close a hole in acast containing liquid:
tap´ on, p´ asak
4
a faucet:
gr ´ ipo
5
on tap sometimesmeans ready for use:
nakahand´ a’,hand´ a’ na
tape
n.
1
a long narrow strip of pa-per, cloth, etc.:
sint´ as, teyp
2
tapeof cloth or steel marked in inches,feet, etc., used in measuring:
med ´ ida,pan´ ukat
3
a tape used to cover awound, cut, etc.:
pl´ aster, pamats´e,pats´e
4
a tape used to cover electricwire:
teyp
tardy
adj.
1
late, behid time:
hul ´ i,atras´ ado
 2
slow:
mak´ upad, mab´ agal
target
n.
1
a mark for shooting at:
t´ arget, ang pinat´ atamaan, tudl´ aan,asint´ ahan
2
object of abuse, crit-icism, etc.:
tudl´ aan, tun´ utudla’,patama´ an, pinat´ atamaan, t´ arget
taro
n.
a starchy root plant:
g´ abi
taste
v.
1
to try the flavor of something by taking a little into themouth:
tumik ´ im, tikm´ an
2
to getthe flavor of by the sense of taste:
lum´ asa, malas´ ahan, las´ ahin, man-amnam´ an, namnam ´ im
3
to eat ordrink a litle bit of:
tumik ´ im, tikm´ an
4
to experience, have:
magd´ anas,dum´ anas, dan´ asin, makar´ anas,maran´ asan, makatik ´ im, matikm´ an,magkaro´ on
5
to have a particulartaste or flavor:
magkaro´ on ng l´ asa,magl´ asa, may l´ asa
•
n.
1
a flavor:
l´ asa
2
the sense by which theflavor of things is perceived:
panl´ asa
3
a little bit:
bahagy´ a’, katit ´ ing,kapiyang´ ot
4
a liking:
pagkagust´ o,kagust´ uhan
5
the ability to perceiveand enjoy what is beautiful andexcellent:
mah´ usay pum ´ ili’
tasteless
adj.
 without taste:
wal´ ang l´ asa, di masar´ ap, matab´ ang
tasty
adj.
tasting good, pleasingto the taste:
mal´ asa, masar´ ap,malinamn´ am
tatter
n.
a torn piece, rag:
gulan ´ it na dam ´ it, bas´ ahan
•
v.
to wear ortear to pieces:
magkapun ´ it-pun ´ it,pagpun ´ it-punit ´ in
tattle
v.
1
to tell tales or secrets:

tattoo 183 temper

magdadald´ al, dumald´ al, idald´ al
2
to gossip:
magts ´ ismis, its ´ ismis,sumits ´ it, isits ´ it
•
n.
1
idle or foolishtalk, gossip:
ts ´ ismis, dald´ al, sits ´ it
2
childish talk:
salit´ ang-b´ ata’
tattoo
v.
1
to mark the skin in pat-terns by pricking it and putting it incolors:
magtat´ u’, tatuh´ an, itat´ u’
2
tolet or have another do the marking:
magpatat´ u’,patatuh´ an, ipatat´ u’
•
n.
the mark so made on the skin:
tat´ u’
taxi
n.
taxicab:
t´ aksi, t´ aksikab
tea
n.
 1
a common drink:
tsa
2
af-ternoon tea:
miry´enda, mirind´ al
teacher
n.
a person who teaches,especially one who teaches inschool:
g´ uro’, ma´estro/a, t ´ itser,tagapagt´ uro’
tear
v.
1
to pull apart by force:
pum´ unit, pun ´ itin, pum ´ ilas, pil´ asin
2
to become torn:
map´ unit, map´ ilas
3
to tear into fragments or pieces:
gumut´ ay, gutay ´ in, gut´ ay-gutay ´ in,paggut´ ay-gutay ´ in
4
to pull hard,pull violently:
bumalt´ ak, baltak ´ in
5
to scratch badly, wound:
sum´ ugat,masug´ atan, sug´ atan
6
to move withgreat force or haste:
humagib´ is
•
n.
the torn place:
s ´ ira’, p´ unit, p´ ilas
tears
n.
1
a drop of salty water com-ing from the eye:
l´ uha’
2
to shedtears:
lum´ uha’, umiy´ ak
3
in tears,shedding tears:
lumul´ uha’, umiiy´ ak
tease
v.
1
to annoy, vex or worryby jokes, questions, requests,etc.:
tumuks´ o, manuks´ o, tuksuh ´ in,tumudy´ o’, manudy´ o’, tudyuh ´ in,bum ´ iro’, mamb´ iro’, bir´ uin
2
 toannoy:
mambuw ´ isit, buwis ´ itin,mangantiy´ aw, kantiy´ awan
•
n.
aperson who teases:
manunudy´ o’,manunuks´ o, mangangantiy´ aw
teaspoon
n.
a small spoon:
kut-sar ´ ita
teeth
n.
1
more than one tooth:
mga ng ´ ipin
2
by the skin of one’s teeth,by a narrow margin:
kamunt ´ ik na ka-munt ´ ik na, gabuh´ ok
telegram
n.
a message sent by tele-graph:
telegr´ ama, pahat ´ id-k´ awad
telephone
n.
a means for transmit-ting sound by electricity:
tel´epono
•
v.
to talk through a telephone, senda message by telephone:
tumel´epono,tel´eponohan, itel´epono, tum´ awag (taw´ agan, taw´ agin) sa tel´epono
television
n.
a means for seeingobjects at a distance by electricity:
teleb´ isyon, telebisy´ on
tell
v.
1
to put in words, say:
mags´ abi, sab´ ihin
2
to inform,tell to:
magpatalast´ as, ipatalast´ as,pagpatalastas´ an, magpabat ´ id, ipa-bat ´ id, sab´ ihin, sab´ ihan
3
to makeknown:
magbig´ ay-al´ am, ipagbig´ ay-al´ am, ipaal´ am
4
to know, inform:
mal´ aman, mabat ´ id
5
to order,command:
mag-´ utos, i´ utos, ut´ usan,mag-´ atas, i´ atas, at´ asan
 6
to count,count one by one:
magbil´ ang,bum ´ ilang, bil´ angin
7
to tell a lie:
magsinung´ aling, magsinungal ´ ing,pagsinungal ´ ingan, magbula´ an,pagbula´ anan
8
to tell the truth:
magtap´ at, ipagtap´ at, pagtapat´ an,sab´ ihin ang katotoh´ anan
9
to tella story:
magkuw´ento, ikuw´ento,magb´ ida, ib´ ida
10
to tell on some-body:
magsumb´ ong, ipagsumb´ ong,isumb´ ong
temperature
n.
degree of heat orcold:
temperat´ ura
temper
n.
1
a state of mind,disposition, condition:
kalo´ oban,ug´ ali’, pag-uug´ ali’
2
an angry stateof mind:
´ init (kain ´ itan) ng ´ ulo,g´ alit, pagkag´ alit
3
a calm stateof mind:
hin´ ahon, kahinah´ unan,pagpip´ igil
4
the hardness, tough-ness, etc., of a mixture:
timpl´ a,timpl´ ada
•
v.
1
to moderate,soften:
magpahin´ ahon, pahinah´ unin,magpalam ´ ig, palamig ´ in, lamig´ an,magpah ´ ina’, pahin´ ain, magp´
igil,pig ´ ilan, pig ´ ilin
2
to soften by addingsomething:
magh´ alo’, hal´ uan,mags´ ama, sam´ ahan, maglak ´ ip,lakip´ an
3
to bring to a proper

water closet 204 wear

magtub´ ig, magkat´ ubig
5
to dis-charge water, e.g. from the mouth:
maglaw´ ay, papaglaway ´ in
water closet
toilet flushed withwater:
inod´ oro, kum´ on, kub´eta,palik´ uran, kas ´ ilyas
waterfall
n.
the fall of water from ahigh place:
tal´ on
watermelon
n.
a large juicy melon:
pakw´ an
wave
n.
1
a moving ridge or swellof water:
´ alon
2
a waving:
kaw´ ay,pagkaw´ ay, wagayw´ ay, pagwawa-gayw´ ay
3
a curve or series of curves:
´ alon, ´ alun-´alon, lund´ o’,lund´ u-lund´ o’
4
curl, esp. of hair:
kul´ ot, pagkakakul´ ot
•
v.
1
to movewith a waving motion:
pumagasp´ as
2
to move back and forth:
kumaw´ ay,ikaw´ ay, kumamp´ ay, ikamp´ ay, mag-wagayw´ ay, iwagayw´ ay
3
to signalby waving:
kumaw´ ay, kaway´ an
4
to move back and forth as a flagin the air:
magwagayw´ ay, wuma-gayw´ ay, iwagayw´ ay
5
to make curly:
magkul´ ot, kulut ´ in, kulut´ an
way
n.
1
a manner, style:
m´ oda,´ uso, kalakar´ an
2
a means, method:
para´ an, pamamara´ an, kaparaan´ an
3
 respect, particular:
para´ an, ka-paraan´ an, b´ agay
4
direction:
g´ awi’,d´ ako, p´ anig
5
a coming or going,approaching:
pagl´ apit, pagt´ ungo,pagpunt´ a
6
distance:
l´ ayo’, agw´ at,dist´ ansiya
7
a path, road:
da´ an,land´ as
8
a space for passing or goingahead:
puw´ ang, lug´ ar, da´ an, daan´ an
9
a habit, custom:
ug´ ali’, kaugali´ an,kinabihasn´ an, k ´ ilos, g´ awi’, kina-gawi´ an
10
one’s wish, will:
gust´ o,g´ usto, kagust´ uhan, ´ ibig, sar ´ iling kalo´ oban, sar ´ iling gust´ o
11
a condi-tion, state:
lag´ ay, kalag´ ayan
12
acourse of life or action:
pamum´ uhay,b´ uhay
13
by way of means (a)through, by the route of:
sa pa-mamag ´ itan ng da´ an sa
(b) as, for:
b´ ilang, p´ ara
14
to give way means(a) to retreat:
um´ urong
(b) yield:
sum´ uko’
(c) to break down, to fail:
bumags´ ak, mabags´ ak
(d) to abandononeself to emotion:
magbig´ ay-da´ an,bigy´ ang-da´ an, hind ´ i’ makapagp´ igil,hind ´ i’ mapig ´ ilan
(e) to allow topass:
magpara´ an, paraan ´ in, tumab´ i,magbig´ ay (bigy´ an) ng da´ an
15
under way means (a) going on, inprogress:
kasaluk´ uyang gin´ agawa’,isinasagaw´ a’, ginagaw´ a’
(b) inmotion:
lumal´ akad, tumatakb´ o,umaand´ ar
16
 in one’s way, interfer-ing:
nakasasag´ abal, nakahahadl´ ang,humahadl´ ang
17
out of the way,far or not on the way:
mal´ ayo’ sa daan´ an, wal´ a’ sa dinara´ anan
18
ways and means:
mga para-para´ an,mga kaparaan´ an
19
by the way:
maib´ a ak´ o, siyang´ a pal´ a
we
pron.
the persons speaking, peo-ple in general including the speaker:
t´ ayo (including the person or persons spoken to), kam ´ i (excluding the per-son or persons spoken to)
weak
adj.
1
lacking physicalstrength, feeble:
mah ´ ina’
2
lackingin power to perform a functionproperly:
mah ´ ina’
3
of less thanthe usual strength, e.g., in taste:
di mat´ apang, matab´ ang, wal´ang t´ apang
4
weak, due to decay:
marup´ ok,gat´ o’, mah ´ ina’
5
weak, due totiredness:
lupayp´ ay, nanlalamb´ ot,nanlalat´ a’
6
weak, due to poorconstruction or poor materials used:
mah ´ ina’
•
n.
a person or thing thatis weak:
ang mah ´ ina’
weapon
n.
a thing used in fighting:
sand´ ata, arm´ as
wear
v.
1
to have on the body:
magsu´ ot, isu´ ot, gum´ amit, gam ´ itin
2
to last long, give good service:
tumag´ al, makatag´ al, magtag´ al
 3
to use up, to be used up:
ma´ ubos,mapudp´ od, pumur´ ol, mapur´ ol
4
to wear out, to become damagedthrough use:
mas ´ ira’
5
to wear oneout, to tire or be tired:
pum´ agod,map´ agod, makap´ agod, pag´ urin
•
n.

weather 205 wet

1
wearing:
isinusu´ ot, ginag´ amit,g´ amit, pananam ´ it,
2
the act of wearing:
pagsusu´ ot, pagkakasu´ ot,pagg´ amit, pagkag´ amit
3
clothing:
mga dam ´ it, kasu´ utan
4
a lastingquality, service:
t ´ ibay, katib´ ayan,serb´ isyo
weather
n.
1
the condition of theair:
panah´ on
2
climate:
kl ´ ima
•
v.
1
to expose to the weather:
malant´ ad (ilant´ ad) sa ´ init, ´ araw, lam ´ ig, ul´ an o h´ angin
2
to go or come throughsafely:
maligtas´ an, makaligt´ as
•
adj.
towards or against the wind:
pasal´ unga sa h´ angin
Wednesday
n.
the fourth day of theweek, following Tuesday:
Miyerkol´es
weeds
 n.
a useless or troublesomeplant:
dam´ o, s´ ukal na dam´ o
•
v.
1
to take weeds out of:
gum´ amas,gam´ asan, gam´ asin, magb´ unot (bun´ utan) ng dam´ o, mag-al ´ is (alis´ an) ng s´ ukal na
dam´ o
2
to wipeout:
lip´ ulin
week
n.
the period consisting of seven days:
lingg´ o
weekly
adj.
of a week, for a week,lasting a week:
sa lo´ ob ng is´ ang lingg´ o, sa sanlingg´ o, lingg´ uhan
•
adv.
1
once each week:
lingg´ uhan,m ´ insan sa is´ ang lingg´ o
2
every week:
lingg´ u-lingg´ o
•
n.
a newspaper ormagazine published once a week:
lingg´ uhang-babasah ´ in, lingg´ uhan
weigh
v.
1
to find out how heavy athing is:
magtimb´ ang, tumimb´ ang,timbang ´ in
2
to have as a measureby weight:
tumimb´ amg, magka-timb´ ang
3
to have importance:
magkahalag´ a, mahalagah ´ in, paha-lagah´ an, mag ´ ing mahalag´ a
4
tobend by weight:
mahut´ ok, humut´ ok
5
to bear down, to be a burden:
makabig´ at
6
to consider carefully:
magd ´ ilid ´ ili, pagdilidil ´ ihin, dilidil ´ ihin,magsa´ alang-´ alang, isa´ alang-´ alang
weight
n.
1
how heavy a thing is,the amount a thing weighs:
timb´ ang,big´ at
2
a piece of metal used inweighing things:
bat´ ong pabig´ at
3
a heavy thing or mass:
pabig´ at,pandag´ an
4
a load, a burden:
big´ at
5
influence, importance, value:
halag´ a,kahalag´ ahan
•
v.
1
to add weightto:
magpabig´ at, pabigat ´ in, makabig´ at
2
to burden:
magpah ´ irap, pahir´ apan
weighty
adj.
1
heavy:
mabig´ at,matimb´ ang, matind ´ i’
2
important,influential:
mahalag´ a
3
burden-some:
pabig´ at, pampabig´ at, pah ´ irap,pampah ´ irap
well
adv.
1
all right, in a satisfac-tory, favorable, or good manner:
mab´ uti, mah´ usay, kasiy´ a-siy´ a, ma-gal ´ ing
2
thoroughly, in detail:
lub´ os,lah´ at, gan´ ap, mab´ uti
3
much, to aconsiderable degree:
mar´ ami, malak ´ i
•
adj.
1
 in good health:
mab´ uti,magal ´ ing, malak´ as, malus´ og
2
sat-isfactory, good, right, nice:
mab´ uti,mah´ usay, magal ´ ing, ma ´ inam, ma-gand´ a
3
”well” is sometimes usedto show mild surprise or merely tofill in:
ab´ a, buw´eno, siy´ a
4
well off means (a) in good condition:
n´ asa mab´ uting kalag´ ayan
(b) fairly rich:
may k´ aya sa b´ uhay, nakaririwas´ a’,mariwas´ a’, may´ aman
well-bred
adj.
well brought up,having or showing good manners:
eduk´ ado-a, may pinag-ar´ alan,matin´ o’
well-known
adj.
1
clearly orfully known:
lag´ anap, bal ´ ita’, kal´ at,palas´ ak
2
generally or widely known:
kilal´ a, bant´ og, popul´ ar, tany´ ag
welt
n.
1
a strip of leather betweenthe upper part and the sole of ashoe:
rib´ete
2
a streak or ridgemade on the skin by a stick or whip:
l´ atay
•
v.
to beat severely (used incommon talk):
pum´ alo’, map´ alo’,pal´ uin, lumatig´ o, latiguh ´ in, gumulp´ i,magulp´ i, gulpih ´ in
Note: to theseverbs add the adverb ”mabuti” toconnote ”severely”
wet
adj.
1
soaked with water:
bas´ a’
2
covered with water:
may t´ ubig,

whale 206 whisk

mat´ ubig
3
 rainy:
tag-ul´ an, maul´ an
•
v.
1
to make wet:
magbas´ a’, basa ´ in
2
to be wet, to get wet:
mabas´ a’
•
n.
wetness, rain:
ul´ an
whale
n.
an animal shaped likea huge fish and living in the sea:
baly´ena
wharf
n.
platform built on the shoreor out from the shore, beside whichships can load and unload:
da´ ungan,muw´elye, pantal´ an
what
pron.
1
used in asking ques-tions about persons or things:
an´ o,an´ u-an´ o
2
that which, anythingthat, any that:
kung an´ o
•
interj.
”what” is often used to show sur-prise, liking, dislike, or other feeling:
an´ o
whatever
pron.
1
anything that, nomatter what:
anum´ an, k´ ahit ´ ano
2
for emphasis:
´ ano n´ aman
wheat
n.
the grain from which flouris made, also the plant:
tr ´ igo
wheel
n.
round frame that turns onits center:
gul´ ong, ruw´eda
•
 v.
1
toturn:
um ´ ikot, i ´ ikot, paik´ utin
2
atthe wheel means (a) at the steeringwheel, driving:
n´ asa manib´ela,nagmaman´eho, n´ asa pagmaman´eho,umu´ ugit
(b) in control, governing,managing:
n´ asa kapangyar ´ ihan,namamah´ ala’
wheelbarrow
n.
a small vehiclewhich has one wheel and twohandles:
karet ´ ilya
when
adv.
1
at what time:
kail´ an
2
introducing adverbial clause:
nang,no´ on
Note: ”Nang” is followed bythe infinitive not the past tense.”Noon” may be followed by thepresent tense
to connote an actthat continues on for some time.
•
conj.
1
at any time that:
tuw ´ i’,tuw ´ ing, kap´ ag, pagk´ a
2
although:
k´ahit, bagam´ an, bagam´ a’t
•
pron.
1
what time; which time:
kail´ an
2
atany time in the future:
sa ´ oras na,sa an´ o mang ´ oras
3
during whichtime:
rendered by the ligature ”na”or its variant ”-ng”
•
n.
the time oroccasion:
´ oras, panah´ on
where
adv.
1
in what place, atwhat place:
sa´ an, sa´ an-sa´ an
 2
where is, are, were, etc.:
nasa´ an,sa´ an naroro´ on, sa´ an naro´ on, n´ ahan
3
to what place:
sa´ an, pasa´ an
4
from what place:
sa´ an, mul´ a’ sa´ an,tagasa´ an
5
in which, at which, towhich:
rendered idiomatically by the ”-an” suffix forms of the verb toconnote the place where a certain action
takes place
which
pron.
the one that, any that:
alinm´ an, kung alinm´ an
while
n.
time:
panah´ on, sandal ´ i’,´ oras
•
conj.
1
during the timethat, in the time that:
h´ abang,samant´ ala, no´ ong (with verb in the present tense)
2
although:
bagam´ an, bagam´ a’t, k´ ahit na, k´ ahit,k´ ahiman, k´ ahima’t
•
v.
1
to passin some easy or pleasing manner,spend:
magpara´ an, paraan ´ in, mag-pal ´ ipas, palip´ asin
2
worth while,worth time, attention, or effort:
kapak ´ i-pakin´ abang
3
a while ago:
kan ´ i-kan ´ ina
whimper
n.
a whimpering cry:
ung´ ot, nguyng´ oy
•
v.
to crywith a low, broken, mournfulsound:
umung´ ot, mag-uung´ ot,magnguyng´ oy, magngunguyng´oy,ngumuyng´ oy
whip
v.
1
 to strike, to beat:
pum´ alo’, mam´ alo’, pal´ uin, lum´ atigo,manl´ atigo, l´ atiguhin
2
to whiplightly:
pumilant ´ ik, pilantik ´ in,humapl ´ it, haplit ´ in
3
to beat cream,eggs, etc.:
magbat ´ i, bumat ´ i, batih ´ in
4
to move quickly and suddenly:
use ”mabil ´ is” with appropriate verb
•
n.
a thing to whip with:
pam´ alo’,l´ atigo
whirlwind
n.
1
air whirling aroundand around violently:
ipu ´ ipo
2
awhirling windstorm:
buh´ awi
whisk
v.
1
to sweep, to brush:
mag-pal ´ is, palis ´ in
2
to move away quickly:

whistle 207 will

sumib´ ad, kumar ´ imot
3
to take awaysomething quicky:
sumakl´ ot, saklut ´ in
•
n.
1
a quick sweep or brushing:
pal ´ is, pagpal ´ is
2
a light, quick, move-ment:
sib´ ad, kar ´ imot
3
a small brushor broom:
pamal ´ is
whistle
v.
1
 to make a kind of shrill musical sound by forcingthe breath through the teeth orcontracted lips:
sum ´ ipol, sip´ ulan
2
to make a hissing sound throughclenched teeth to call the attentionof someone at a distance:
sumuts´ ot,sutsut´ an, pumasuw ´ it, pasuwit´ an,bumasuw ´ it, basuwit´ an
3
to blowa whistle:
pum ´ ito, pit´ uhan, sum-ilb´ ato, silbat´ uhan
4
to move with ashrill sound:
humagin ´ it
•
n.
1
thesound made by whistling:
s ´ ipol
2
awhistling or hissing sound callingone’s attention:
suts´ ot, pasuw ´ it,basuw ´ it
3
the instrument for makinga whistling sound, also the sounditself:
p´ ito, silb´ ato
who
pron.
1
word used in askingquestions about persons:
s ´ ino,s ´ inu-s ´ ino
2
also used in connectinga group of words with some wordin a sentence:
expressed by the ligatute ”na” and its variant ”-ng”
3
the person that, any person that:
s ´ inuman
whoever
pron.
1
who, any personthat:
s ´ inuman, s ´ ino man, k´ ahit s ´ ino
2
no matter who:
s ´ inuman, k´ ahit s ´ ino, kul´ ob s ´ ino
whole
adj.
1
having all its parts,complete:
bu´ o’
2
entire:
bu´ o’,lah´ at
3
not broken, in one piece:
hind ´ i’ sir´ a’, wal´ ang s ´ ira’, hind ´ i’ bas´ ag, wal´ ang b´ asag, bu´ o’
4
well,healthy (old use):
mab´ uti, malak´ as ang kataw´ an
•
n.
all of a thing,the total:
is´ ang bu´ o’, kabuu´ an,kalahat´ an
whose
pron.
1
of whom, of which:
rendered by the ligature ”na” and its variant ”-ng”
2
an interroga-tive, meaning ”to whom”:
kan ´ ino(prepositive), n ´ ino (postpositive)
why
adv/conj.
for what cause, rea-son, or purpose:
b´ akit, kung b´ akit
wicked
adj.
1
bad, evil, sin-ful:
masam´ a’, napakasam´ a’,makasal´ anan, buh´ ong
2
unpleasant,severe:
masam´ a’, mabig´ at
wide
adj. broad: mal´ apad.
1
ex-tensive:
mal´ awak, malak ´ i
2
spacious:
maluw´ ang, mal´ uwang, malak ´ i
3
faropen:
mad ´ ilat
4
far from a namedpoint or object:
mal´ ayo’
•
adv.
to the full extent:
nang maluw´ ang,nang mal´ uwang, nang mab´ uti
wide-eyed
adj.
with the eyes wideopen:
dil´ at (nakad ´ ilat) ang mga mat´ a, mad ´ ilat ang mga mat´ a,maluluw´ ang (malul´ uwang) ang mat´ a
wide-open
 adj.
completely open:
nakatiwangw´ ang, buk´ as na buk´ as
width
n.
1
how wide a thing is, dis-tance across, breadth:
l´ apad, luw´ ang
2
wideness:
kalap´ aran, kaluwang´ an
3
a piece of a certain width, esp. thewidth of cloth or textile:
p´ apa, ´ antso
wife
n.
a married woman:
as´ awa,mayb´ ahay, m ´ isis
wig
n.
a covering of hair for thehead:
pel´ uka
wild
adj.
1
living in the forests, nottamed:
mabang ´ is, mail´ ap, di ma´ amo
2
not cultivated:
lig´ aw
3
uncivi-lized, savage:
mabang ´ is, mail´ ap, di sibilis´ ado
4
with no people livingin it:
mag´ ubat, mas´ ukal, il´ ang
5
waste, desert:
il´ang, kapar´ angan
6
not checked, not restrained:
wal´ ang tar´ os
7
violent:
malak´ as, marah´ as,malup´ it
8
rash:
pabigl´a-bigl´ a’,padal´ us-d´ alos
9
stray:
lig´ aw
 •
n.
wilds, thick forest:
kagub´atan,masins ´ ing kasuk´ alan
will
n.
1
the power of the mindto decide and do:
lo´ ob, kalo´ oban,kaloob´ an
2
a wish, desire:
n´ ais,n´ asa’, p´ ita, hang´ ad, gust´ o, g´ usto,kagust´ uhan, ´ ibig, kaib´ igan
3
a legalstatement of a person’s wishes aboutwhat shall be done with his prop-

wily 208 wise

erties after his death:
testam´ento,hul ´ ing hab´ ilin
4
a disposition orfeeling towards another:
kalo´ oban,kaloob´ an, palag´ ay, pagpapalag´ ay
5
a commmand:
´ utos, ´ atas
•
v.
1
todetermine, to decide:
magpasiy´ a,pasiyah´ an, pagpasiyah´ an, ipasiy´ a
2
to decide by using this power,to use the will:
gumust´ o, gustuh ´ in,loob´ in, nas´ ain, na ´ isin, ib´ igin
3
togive a legal statement of a person’swishes about what shall be donewith his property:
magtestam´ento,isatestam´ento
4
(as auxiliary verb)to be going to, to be about to:
rendered by the future tense of the verb
wily
adj.
1
tricky, cunning:
t´ uso,mapanlinl´ ang, mapaglal´ ang
2
clever:
matal ´ ino
win
v.
1
to gain, acquire:
 mag-tam´ o, tamuh ´ in, magkam ´ it, kamt´ an
2
to be successful over others:
man´ alo, tum´ alo, tal´ unin, magwag ´ i,pagwagih´ an, magtagump´ ay, pag-tagumpay´ an
3
to gain the favorof, to persuade:
manghik´ ayat,mahik´ ayat, hikay´ atin, mang-´ akit,ma´ akit, ak ´ itin, mak´ uha
•
n.
awinning:
pan´ alo, tagump´ ay
wind (1)
v.
1
to move this wayand that, go in a crooked way,change direction, turn:
magpa-lik´ u-lik´ o’, palik´ u-liku ´ in
2
to twistor turn around something:
mag-pul´ upot, ipul´ upot (transitive verb),pumul´ upot (intransitive verb),pulup´ utan, magpil ´ ipit, pumil
´ ipit,ipil ´ ipit, pilip´ itin, pilip´ itan
3
toroll into a ball or on a spool, etc.:
mag-ik ´ id, ik ´ irin, i ´ ikid, magkidk ´ id,ikidk ´ id, kidkir ´ in, magbil ´ ibid, ibil ´ ibid,maglik´ aw, ilik´
aw
4
to fold, wrap, orplace about something:
magb´ alot,mab´ alot, bal´ utin, ib´ alot
5
to fold thearms around something:
yum´ akap,yak´ apin, iy´ akap
6
to make a clockgo by turning some part of it:
mags´ usi’, sus ´ ian, magkuw´erdas,kuw´erdasan
7
to wind up sometimesmeans to end, settle, conclude:
magwak´ as, wakas´ an, tum´ apos,magtap´ os, tap´ usin
•
n.
1
a bend, aturn:
k´ urba, kurb´ ada, lik´ o’
2
a twist:
pul´ upot, pil ´ ipit
wind (2)
n.
moving air:
h´ angin
wing
n.
1
 the part of a bird or insectused in flying:
pakp´ ak, bagw ´ is
2
anything like in shape or use:
pakp´ ak
3
the part that sticks out from themain thing or body:
pakp´ ak
•
v.
1
to fly:
lumip´ ad, lipar ´ in
2
to woundin the wing:
sum´ ugat (sug´ atan) sa pakp´ ak
3
under the wings of, underthe protection of:
n´ asa il´ alim ng pagtatangg´ ol (pagtangk ´ ilik) ng oni, tinatangk ´ ilik, ipinagtatangg´ ol,kinakal ´ inga’
winnow
v.
1
to blow off the chaff from grain, drive or blow awaychaff:
magtah ´ ip, itah ´ ip, tahip´ an
2
to separate, to sort out:
pum ´ ili’,pil ´ iin, hum ´ irang, hir´ angin
3
to sift:
magbith´ ay, bumith´ ay, bithay ´ in
winter
n.
the coldest of the fourseasons:
taglam ´ ig, taggin´ aw
•
v.
to pass the winter:
magpal ´ ipas ng taglam ´ ig, palip´ asin ang taglam ´ ig
•
adj.
for the winter:
p´ ara sa taglam ´ ig, pantaglam ´ ig
wipe
v.
1
to rub in order to clean ordry:
magkusk´ os, ikusk´ os, kuskus ´ in,magp´ unas, ip´ unas, pun´ asan,magp´ ahid, ip´ ahid, pah ´ iran
2
totake away, off, or out by rubbing:
pah ´ irin
3
 to wipe out sometimesmeans to destroy or to bring to anend:
magwas´ ak, mawas´ ak, iwas´ ak,wasak ´ in, lum ´ ipol, mal ´ ipol, lip´ ulin
wisdom
n.
1
being wise:
d´ unong,karun´ ungan
2
knowledge and good judgement based on experience:
al´ am, kaal´ aman, kaalam´ an, tal ´ ino,katalin´ uhan
3
wise conduct, wisewords:
kaal´ aman, karun´ ungan,katalin´ uhan
wise
adj.
1
having or showingknowledge and good judgment:

wish 209 word

matal ´ ino, pant´ as
2
having knowl-edge or information:
mar´ unong,may nalal´ aman
wish
v.
1
to desire:
magn´ ais, na ´ isin,magn´ asa’, nas´ ain, maghang´ ad,hangar ´ in, ib´ igin, gumust´ o, gustuh ´ in
2
to greet:
bum´ ati’, bat ´ iin
3
tohave a fervent desire:
maglunggat ´ i’,lunggati ´ in, magmith ´ i’, mithi ´ in
•
n.
1
a desire:
n´ ais, pagnan´ ais,n´ asa’, pagnan´ asa’, gust´ o, g´ usto,kagust´ uhan, ´ ibig, kaibig´ an
2
afervent wish:
lunggat ´ i’, mith ´ i’
with
prep.
1
”with” shows thatpersons or things are taken togetherin some way, in the company of:
sa
2
among:
sa, kas´ ama sa (ng)
 3
included, attached:
kalak ´ ip, kal´ akip
4
having:
may, mayro´ on
5
inproportion to:
b´ atay (alins´ unod) sa
6
because of:
ng, sa, d´ ahil sa
7
bymeans of:
sa pamamag ´ itan ng, ng
withdraw
v.
1
to draw back:
mag-´ urong (transitive verb), um´ urong (intransitive verb), i´ urong
2
totake, to take out:
kum´ uha, k´ unin,maglab´ as, ilab´ as
3
to remove:
mag-al ´ is, ial ´ is, alis ´ in
4
to take back:
bum´ awi’, baw ´ iin
5
to draw away:
lumay´ o’, ilay´ o’
6
to go away:
umal ´ is
within
prep.
1
not beyond, notmore than:
hind ´ i’ hihig ´ it (hig ´ it),k´ aya, ab´ ot ng k´ aya
2
inside of, inthe inner part of:
n´ asa lo´ ob ng
•
adv.
inside, in the inner part:
sa lo´ ob
withstand
v.
to stand against,to hold out against, to endure:
makatag´ al, tumag´ al, matagal´ an,magti ´ is, mati ´ is, makati ´ is, tiis ´ in,pagtiis´ an, mapagtiis´ an
witness
n.
1
a person or thing ableto give evidence, a person who sawsomething happen:
saks ´ i, test ´ igo
2
a person who takes an oath to tellthe truth in a court of law:
test ´ igo
3
a person writing his name on adocument to show that he saw itsigned:
saks ´ i, test ´ igo
4
evidence:
katib´ ayan, pat´ unay, katun´ ayan
•
v.
1
to see, to be able to see:
sumaks ´ i,masaksih´ an, saksih´ an, mak ´ ita
2
tobear witness, give evidence of:
mag-pat´ unay, patun´ ayan, magpat ´ ibay,patib´ ayan
3
to sign (a document)as witness:
sumaks ´ i, saksih´ an,tumest ´ igo, testig´ uhan
wonder
n.
1
a strange and surpris-ing thing or event:
kababalagh´ an,himal´ a’
2
the feeling caused bywhat is strange and surprising:
tak´ a,pagtatak´ a, pagh´ anga’
•
v.
1
to feelwonder:
magtak´ a, pagtakh´ an, ipag-tak´ a, hum´ anga’, hang´ aan, ih´ anga’
2
to be surprised:
mamangh´ a’,mag´ ulat, magtak´ a
3
to be curiousabout, to wish to know:
gust´ ong mal´ aman, alam ´ in
woo
v.
1
to court, to seek, tomarry:
manl ´ igaw, lum ´ igaw, lig´ awan,mang ´ ibig
2
to seek, to win, to try,to get:
 maghang´ ad, hangar ´ in
3
toseek, to persuade, to urge:
man´ uyo’,suy´ uin, manghik´ ayat, hikay´ atin,mang-´ akit, ak ´ itin
wood
n.
1
the hard substancebeneath the bark of trees:
k´ ahoy
2
the trees cut up for use, lumber:
k´ ahoy, tabl´ a
3
firewood:
k´ ahoy (na pangg´ atong), pangg´ atong
4
woods,large number of growing trees:
kahuy´ an, g´ ubat, kagub´ atan
wool
n.
1
the soft hair or fur of sheep and some other animals:
l´ ana,balah ´ ibo ng t´ upa
2
the yarn, cloth,or garments made of wool:
l´ ana,dam ´ it na l´ ana
word
n.
1
a sound or group orsounds that has meaning:
salit´ a’
2
the writing or printing that standsfor a word:
salit´ a’
3
words, some-times means angry talk:
sag´ utan,pagsasag´ utan, talt´ alan, pagtatalt´ alan
4
a short talk:
sandal ´ ing pakikipag-´ usap, maikl ´ ing pag-u´ usap
5
a brief expression:
maikl ´ ing pangung´ usap
6
command, order:
´ utos, salit´ a’, ´ atas
7
a promise:
pang´ ako’
8
news:
bal ´ ita’

work 210 wrap

•
v.
1
to put into words:
magsalit´ a’,salita ´ in, mags´ abi, sab´ ihin
2
byword of mouth, orally or by spokenwords:
sa salit´ a’, sa bib´ ig
3
uponmy word means (a) I promise:
nangang´ako’ ak´ o, ipinangang´ ako’ ko
(b) exclamation of surprise:
ab´ a
4
word for word:
l´etra por l´etra
work
n.
1
the effort in doing or mak-ing something:
paggaw´ a’, pagy´ ari’,pagtatrab´ aho, paglikh´ a’
2
somethingto do, occupation, employment:
hanapb´ uhay, gaw´ ain, trab´ aho
3
something made or done:
gaw´ a’,y´ ari’, likh´ a’, trab´ aho
4
a literarywork:
akd´ a’
5
that on which effortis put or on which one is occupied:
trab´ aho, ang ginagaw´ a’
•
v.
1
to dowork, labor, to be employed:
mag-trab´ aho, tumarab´ aho, trabah´ uhin,gumaw´ a’, gaw ´ in, maghanapb´ uhay
2
to cause to do work:
magpatrab´ aho,papagtrabah´ uhin, magpagaw´ a’, pa-gaw ´ in
3
to act, to operate:
tumakb´ o,umand´ ar, lum´ akad
4
to excite (espto anger):
magpa ´ init ng ´ ulo, pain ´ itin (papag-in ´ itin ) ang ´ ulo
 5
to make:
gumaw´ a’, gaw ´ in
6
to bring about, tocause, to do:
makagaw´ a’, gumaw´ a’,gaw ´ in, lumikh´ a’, makalikh´ a’, likha ´ in
7
to become:
mag ´ ing
workshop
n.
the shop where work isdone:
gaw´ aan, pagaw´ aan, taly´er
world
n.
1
the earth:
daigd ´ ig,mund´ o, m´ undo
2
all people, thepublic:
ang lah´ at ng t´ao, ang bu´ ong mund´ o, sangkata´ uhan
3
the thingsof this life and the people devotedto them:
kamunduh´ an
4
all createdthings, the universe:
sansin´ ukob,santinakp´ an, sandaigd ´ igan, lah´ at ng nilikh´ a’
•
adj.
1
universal:
pandaigd ´ ig
2
of the world:
ng daigd ´ ig
3
for all the world means (a)for any reason, no matter how great:
sa an´ o pa mang dahil´ an, mag ´ ing sa an´ o pa man
(b) in every respect,exactly:
sa lah´ at ng b´ agay
worn
adj.
1
damaged by use:
sir´ a’,sir´ a-sir´ a’, gut´ ay, gut´ ay-gut´ ay
2
wornaway (hollowed out or having holes,or worn by friction):
uk´ a’, but´ as
3
worn off (at the point or ends):
pudp´ od, up´ od
 4
worn thin:
gasg´ as
5
tired, wearied:
pag´ od, hap´ o’, pat´ a’
worn-out
adj.
1
used until no longerfit for use:
sir´ ang-sir´ a’ na
2
fatigued:
pag´ od, pat´ a’, hap´ o’
worse
adj.
1
more evil:
l´ along masam´ a’
2
physically ill in a greaterdegree:
hig ´ it na (l´ along) malubh´ a’ o malal´ a’
•
adv.
1
in a mannermore evil or ill:
l´ along masam´ a’,l´ alo’ pang masam´ a’
2
with greaterintensity, severity, etc.:
nang l´ along malal´ a’ masidh ´ i’, malubh´ a’)
3
to make worse:
magpasam´ ang (pasama ´ ing) l´ alo’, l´ along mag-pasam´ a’ (pasama ´ in), magpalubh´ a’,palubha ´ in,
magpalal´ a’, palala ´ in
4
tobe worse:
sumam´ ang l´ alo’, l´ along sumam´ a’, mag ´ ing l´ along masam´ a’,lumubh´ a’, lumal´ a’
worship
n.
great honor and respect:
pagsamb´ a
•
v.
1
to pay great honorand respect to:
sumamb´ a, sambah ´ in
2
to consider extremely precious, tohold very dear:
mahal ´ in nang l´ abis,pakamahal ´ in
worth
n.
 1
value, power to buy:
halag´ a
2
merit, usefulness, impor-tance:
pakin´ abang, kapakinabang´ an,kagal ´ ingan, kasays´ ayan, halag´ a,kahalagah´ an, b´ uti, kabut ´ ihan
•
adj.
1
good or important enoughfor, deserving of:
kar´ apat-d´ apat
2
equal in value to:
magkakahalag´ a,kasinghalag´ a, kahalag´ a, singhalag´ a
3
having property that amounts to:
may kabuh´ ayang pagkakahalag´ a ng
worthless
adj.
without worth,good for nothing, useless:
wal´ ang kasays´ ayan, wal´ ang halag´ a, wal´ ang katutur´ an, wal´ ang kabuluh´ an
worthy
adj.
1
having worth ormerit:
may halag´ a, mahalag´ a
2
deserving, meriting:
d´ apat, kar´ apat-d´ apat, narar´ apat

wrapping 211 yell

wrap
v.
1
to wind or fold roundas a covering:
magb´ alot, ib´ alot,magbal´ abal, ibal´ abal
2
to coverby winding or folding somethingaround :
bum´ alot, bal´ utin
3
to coverand tie up or fasten:
magb´ alot,bal´ utin
•
n.
1
an outer covering:
bal´ abal, abr ´ igo
2
a wrap or coveringfor the head:
kulub´ ong, talukb´ ong,band´ ana
 3
wrapped up in sometimesmeans devoted to, thinking chieflyof:
hal ´ ing na hal ´ ing, abal´ ang-abal´ a
wrapping
n.
paper, cloth, etc.,in which something is wrapped:
bal´ utan, pamb´ alot
wrench
v.
1
to twist:
pilip´ itin,pih ´ itin
2
to be twisted:
mapil ´ ipit,mabaling´anga’
3
to pull violently:
um´ agaw, ag´ awin
•
n.
1
an injurycaused by twisting:
p´ ilay, b´ ali’
2
grief, pain:
dalamh´ ati’, kir´ ot, hapd ´ i’
3
a tool to hold and turn nuts,bolts, etc.:
liy´ abe, birad´ or
wring
v.
1
to twist with force, tosqueeze hard:
mamil ´ ipit, pilip´ itin
2
to get by twisting or squeezing,to force out:
magpig´ a’, pumig´ a’,piga ´ in
3
to get by force, effort,or persuasion:
mam ´ ilit, pum ´ ilit,pil ´ itin
4
to cause pain or pity in:
makabagb´ ag, bumagb´ ag, bagbag ´ in
•
n.
a twist, a squeeze:
pil ´ ipit,pagpil ´ ipit, pig´ a’, pagpig´ a’
wrist
n.
the joint connecting handand arm:
puls´ o, p´ ulso, puls´ uhan,galanggalang´ an
write
v.
1
to make letters or wordswith pen, pencil, or chalk:
sum´ ulat
2
to put down the words of:
is´ ulat,isat ´ itik, it ´ itik
3
to write a letter:
lum ´ iham, lih´ aman, sum´ ulat, sul´ atin,sul´ atan
4
to make up stories, books,etc., to compose:
kumath´ a’, katha ´ in,magsul´ at
5
to be a writer:
mag ´ ing manunul´ at, magsul´ at
6
to writedown, to put into writing:
is´ ulat,sul´ atin, it ´ itik, isat ´ itik
7
to write off,to cancel:
magkansel´ a, kanselah ´ in,bumur´ a, burah ´ in
8
to write up, towrite a description or account of:
sum´ ulat ng (sul´ atin ang) tungk´ ol sa
writer
n.
1
a person who writes orwrote:
ang sumus´ ulat o sum´ ulat
2
aperson whose occupation is writing:
manunul´ at
3
author:
may-akd´ a’, ang kumath´ a’, maykath´ a’, mangangath´ a’
writing
n.
1
handwriting:
s´ ulat-kam´ ay, s´ ulat, p´ orma
2
the act of writing:
pags´ ulat
3
a written form:
nakas´ ulat
4
literary work, a bookor other literary production:
akd´ a’,kath´ a’, mga sin´ ulat
 5
somethingwritten:
ang nakat ´ itik, s´ ulat, ang nakas´ ulat
wrong
adj.
1
not right:
lisy´ a’,mal ´ i’, hind ´ i’ t´ ama’, hind ´ i’ tump´ ak
2
wicked:
masam´ a’
3
not correct,not what it should be:
s´ ala, mal ´ i’,hind ´ i’ wast´ o’
4
not proper, not fit:
mal ´ i’, hind ´ i’ tump´ ak, lisy´ a’, hind ´ i’ b´ agay
5
not meant to be seen, leastimportant ( for cloth, etc., use thenoun):
kabaligtar´ an
6
out of order:
may diper´ensiya, may s ´ ira’, sir´ a’
•
n.
1
anything not right, a mistake:
kamal ´ ian, kasama´ an, kasam´ aan,s´ ala, kasal´ anan
2
an injury, harm:
pins´ ala’
•
adv.
in a wrong manner,ill, badly:
masam´ a’, mal ´ i’
•
v.
to do wrong to, to treat unfairly,to harm:
pumins´ ala’, pinsal´ ain,manak ´ it, sumak ´ it, sakt´ an, trat´ uhin nang masam´ a’, gaw´ an ng d ´ i’ mab´
uti, magkas´ ala, pagkasal´ anan,pagkasal´ ahan
Y
year
n.
the period of 12 months or365 days:
ta´ on
yeast
n.
a substance used in raisingbread and in making beer:
lebad´ ura,pampaals´ a
yell
v.
1
to cry out with a strong,loud sound:
humiy´ aw, hiyaw´ an,sumig´ aw, sigaw´ an, pumal´ ahaw
2
tosay with a yell:
isig´ aw, ihiy´ aw
•
n.

yellow 212 zoo

a strong loud cry:
hiy´ aw, sig´ aw
yellow 1
adj
2
the color of gold, but-ter orlemmonz; dil´ aw, amar ´ ilyo
yes
n.
an affirmative answer:
´ oo,´ opo’, ´ oho’ (the last two are used to show respect, but ”oho” is less formal than ”opo”)
yesterday
adv.
on the day beforetoday:
kah´ apon
yet
adv.
1
now:
ngay´ on, m´ una
2
upto now, up to a certain time:
pa, pa nam´ an, hangg´ ang ngay´ on
3
still:
pa
•
conj..
but, nevertheless, however:
ng´ uni, ng´ uni’t, gayunm´ an, gay´ on pa man
yield
v.
1
to produce:
vpag-an ´ ihan
2
to give in:
magbig´ ay, bigy´an,magkalo´ ob
3
to give up:
sum´ uko’
 4
to give way:
magbig´ ay da´ an
n.
theamount yielded: product:
´ ani
yoke
n.
1
a wooden frame tofasten two work animals together:
pam´ atok
2
any frame connectingtwo other parts:
pingg´ a
3
the partof a garment fitting the neck andshoulders closely:
umbr´era, bal ´ ikat
4
something that holds people inslavery or submission:
pagkaal ´ ipin
5
a rule, dominion:
kapangyar ´ ihan
•
v.
1
to put a yoke on:
mag-pam´ atok, pamat´ ukan, yug´ uhan
2
toharness or fasten a work animal to:
magsingk´ aw, isingk´ aw, singkaw´ an
yolk
n.
the yellow part of an egg:
pul´ a ng itl´ og
yonder
adv.
over there, within sight,but not near:
do´ on, ro´ on
•
adj.
sit-uated over there:
iy´ on, ya´ on
you
pron.
1
the person or personsspoken to:
ik´ aw (prepositive and singular), ka (postpositive and singular), kay´ o (plural or singular if respect should
be shown)
2
to you:
sa iy´ o, sa iny´ o (plural)
3
for you:
p´ ara sa iy´ o (iny´ o)
4
by you:
mo,niny´ o
young
adj.
1
in the early part of life:
b´ata’
2
tender:
m´ uta’
3
new:
b´ ago
4
having the looks of qualities of ayoung person:
mukh´ ang b´ata’
your
pron.
1
belonging to you:
iy´ o (singular and prepositive), mo(singular and prepositive), iny´ o(plural and prepositive), niny´
o(postpositive)
2
having to do withyou:
iy´ o, mo, iny´ o, niny´ o
yours
pron.
1
belonging to you:
iy´ o(singular), iny´ o (plural)
2
the one orones belonging to you:
iy´ o, iny´ o
3
”yours” is used at the end of a letterwith some other words:
sumasainy´ o,sumasaiy´ o
Z
zero
n.
1
naught:
s´ero
2
not any,none at all:
wal´ a’
zigzag
 adj.
adv. with short, sharpturns from one side to the other:
s ´ igsag, palik´ u-lik´ o’, pa´ese-´ese
•
v.
to move in a zigzag way:
magpalik´ u-lik´ o’, lumik´ u-lik´ o’, palik´ u-liku ´ in, magpa´ese-´ese, um´ese-´ese,paes´e-es´ehin
•
n.
1
a zigzag line:
pa´ese-´eseng (lik´ u-lik´ ong) g´ uhit, l ´ inya
2
a zigzag course or path:
lik´ u-lik´ ong (pa´ese-´eseng) land´ as o da´ an
3
onthe short, sharp turns of a zigzag:
s ´ igsag (Eng), lik´ o’
zipper
n.
a fastener for clothing:
s ´ iper
zoo
n.
a place where living animalsare kept and shown:
su