Pushti Vidhanam 3

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1. eXIS>r`m {dn[aMMm, JmYrZJa-JwOamV, gQ>o~a 1999
2. H$m`H$maU^md_r_mgm, dS>moXam-JwOamV, Zdo~a 2000
3. dmVmn[aMMm, hmbmob-JwOamV, OwbmB 2000
4. World Philosophy Conference, Delhi (Cosponsored with
Indian Philosophical Congress) 2000
5. A``m{VdmXr`m {dgmo>r, nwUo, Om`wAmar 2001
6. A{YH$man[aMMm, hmbmob-JwOamV, Ao{b 2001
7. nw{>^pV_mJu` gmYZmUmbr, _w~B, gQ>o~a 2002
8. `j_mU gmo>r, nwUo, E{b 2003
9. ""H$Wm`m dm''/JwUJmZ gmYZm, _w~B 2004
10.International Conferenceon World Peace, Ahmedabad
(Cosponsored with Uni.ofGujarat) Dec.-Jan. 2003-4
11.AYH$madmX {dn[aMMm, nwUo, 2004

12.eaUmJ{V, H$mXrdbr-_w~B, \o$~wAmar 2005
Am`mo`: AZw_mZ_mU; godmgmYZm
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(dO^mfmQ>rH$m)gmYmaUgH$aU/amOgH$aU 80/100
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14.lr^mJdV _hmnwamU (JwOa^mfmZwdmX)erKH$m`
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15.Manual of the Devotional Path of Pushti 65
16.godm Ama dObrbm (dO^mfm)
AZwnbY
17.lrJmonrZmW^wMaU(JwO.-{hXr)
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18.Computer CD, www.pushtimarg.net
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lr^mJdV-gw~mo{YZr; H$Y10CmamY, JwOamVr AZwdmX
41. Shrimad Vallabhacaryaji, His Philosophy & Life,
Prof.Jethalal Shah
Digitalization of the manuscripts

Catalogus Catalogorum of the manuscripts of Suddhadvaita
Pusti bhakti Sampradaya.
Encyclopedic CD ROM of Suddhadvaita Pusti-bhakti
Sampraday comprising of entire original Sanskrit writings of
Acharyas along with Vraj, Hindi, Gujarati & English literature
written on the base of such writings.
300
42. Doctrines of SriVallabhacarya,

Dr.Helmuth Von Glassenapp
100
43. SriVallabhacarya & His Teachings,

Dr. Chimanlal Vaidya
100
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gmo "bmoH$mWu' H$mo Om`.
[lrZqghbmbOr _hmamO:{gmV_wVmd{b-Q>rH$m bmoH$1617]
(9)lrCX`nwa Xa~maHw$ AmerdmX! `mHo$ mam gy{MV {H$`mo Omdo ho {H$
Mb-AMb gn{mHo$ Am{WH$ VWm dm{_dH$s `dWmHo$ ~mao_| `mo` `pVZH$s
EH$ gbmhH$ma g{_{V {Z`wV H$a br JB ho. godm Am{X {df`Z_| nwamVZ VWm
dV_mZ Um{bHo$ AZwgma H$m_ {H$`mo OmòJmo; Amoa `{X nwamVZ nanamH$mo
~mY Z hmoVmo hmo`Jmo Amoa g{_{V H$moB VahHo$ gwYmaH$s BN>m aIVr hmo`Jr Vmo
Eogo gwYma ^r drH$mao Om`|Jo. Amoa lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ` AnZo `pVJV
Cn`moJ_| Zht dmn`m} OmòJmo, Oogr {H$ nanam AmO ^r ho hr, Amoa `mHw$
{Z^m`mo OmòJmo. Vmo ^r _oao nydOZHo$ g_`gy Mbo Am aho _oao dm{_dHo$ hH$
dm hr Vah H$m`_ ah|Jo. `m hr Vah Am`-``Hw$ ^r CZ-CZ ~hrImVmZ_|
{b`mo OmòJmo Oogo {H$ hmb_| {b`mo Om amo ho.
[{Z.br.Jmodm{_{VbH$m{`V lrJmodYZbmbOr _hmamO:S>obaoeZ
{_{V ^mewbm nM_rg.1948=Vm.5-9-1893.]
AMb gn{m AbJgy {ZH$mbHo$ dm_|gy R>mHw$aOrH$s godmH$mo IM {Z^m`mo Zht

Omdo ho. R>mHw$aOrHo$ d^dH$mo, ZoJ^moJH$mo, Am^yfU-d Am{XH$mo IM _hmamO
d` AnZr Am_XZrHo$ AZwgma {Z^mdo h|... R>mHw$aOrHo$ g_wI ^|Q> Yar Zht
Om gHo$... R>mHw$aOrH$s ^|Q> Xod_pXa_| ôOZr nS>o ho. _hmamO dm ^|Q>Hw$ AnZo
Cn`moJ_| bm Zht gH|$.
[{Z.br.A_aobrdmbo Jmo.lrdmJrebmbOrHo$ Am_-_wI`ma:
""A_aobrhdobr `pVJV ho `m gmdO{ZH$'' _wona gZ1909-10_|
Jm`H$dmS>r ~S>mXm am`H$s H$moQ>_| Xr JB Ow~mZr].
(11)Oogo AnZo nydn w f d` AnZo Y_H$o g`d$n VWm ewmV{gmV
Hw$ nyUV`m g_PHo$ dUdY_H$mo `WmW CnXoe bmoJZHw$ XoVo hVo; Amoa _`dVu
H$mb_| Omo gn{m Am{XHo$ H$maUZgy h_Zo ~hmoV hX VH$ N>moS> {Xò h|, `m
H$maUgy A{YH$me bmoJZ_| gmYmaU godm Ama Ho$db {dmOm ^pV H$s hr
${T>Ho$ AZwgma OmZH$mar ~M J`r ho.
[{Z.br.Jmo.lrXodH$sZXZmMm`-nM_oe mam _w~BHo$ dUdZHw$
{b{IV n:"Aml`' A{b 87 Ho$ AH$_| H$m{eV].
(12)dH$sb:`{X H$moB ^r nw{>_mJu` _pXa_|, dUd lrR>mHw$aOrH$s
godm Ama ZoJ-^moJ Ho${bò; Ama lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godmHw$ {Z^mdoHo${bò ^|Q>
Am{X Xo Ho$ {dmOm godm H$aVo hm|` Ama dm _pXa_| VZwOm godm ^r H$aVo hm|`
Vmo dmo, ""_pXa nw{>_mJu` Zht hmodo'' Eogo AmnH$mo H$hZmo ho?.
(10)_hmamOHw$ Omo Am_XZr dUd Am{XZgy hmodo ho dm_|gy KaIMmHo$

$n_| _hmamO R>mHw$aOrH$s godmH$mo IMm {Z^md| h|. R>mHw$aOrHo${bò Mb `m
ny.nm._hmamOlr:nw{>_mJu` dUdZHo${bò dVV`m VZwOm `m {dmOm

godm H$adoH$s H$moB {H$`m Zht ho. Amoa Egr godm H$s OmVr hmo` Vmo dmHw$
"gmXm{`H$ _pXa' Zht H$mo Om gHo$.
[ g w a V W 3 / 2 J h m { Y n { V
{Z.br.ny . nm.Jmo . lrd O aZbmbOr_hmamO:""Z{ S > ` mXH$s hdo b r
d`pVH$ ho `m gmdO{ZH$'' {ddmX_| nw{>_mJHo$ {deofk gmjrHo$ $n_|
Xr Ow~mZr].
13
14
(13)...`m hr Vah AnZo `hm Omo g_wI^|Q> Yar Om` ho dmo ^r Xod`
hmodo ho; Amoa dm gm_JrHw$ H$m__| Zht {b`mo Omò. lrJmoHw$bZmWOr Ama
lrM_mOr Ho$ Ka_| AmO ^r ò {Z`_ nm`mo Om` ho. dhm Omo g_wI^|Q> Amdo
ho, dmHw$ H$sVZr`m-_hmd{Z`m bo Omdo ho. dmo db^Hw$bH$mo lr`_wZmOrH$mo nS>m
ho. Xygam H$moB dmH$mo AZwH$aU H$ao Vmo dmo AZw{MV ho... h_ lrZmWOrHo$ gm_Zo
Omo g_wI ^|Q> Ya| h|, dmo lr_hm^wOrH$s nmXwH$mOrHw$ Ya| h|, {\$a ^r dmo
Am^yfUZ_| dmnar Omdo ho, gm_Jr_| Zht. g_wI^|Q> Yado_| ~hmoV AZmMma hmodo
ho. `m Vahgy Am`mo ` "Xod`' ~Zo ho... dmHw$ bododmboH$s ~w{ {~JS>o {~Zm
Zht aho.
[{Z.br.Jmo.lraUN>moS>bmbOr _hmamO amOZJa:dMZm_V.48487].
(14/H$)dUdZHo$ nmg Omo ^r na_ nXmW ho dmH$mo ApVd AmOHo$ hr
{XZH$mo Am^mar ho. H$mbH$s ^rfUVm Ama n[apW{VH$s {df_Vm Ho$ A`V
{dH$Q> `wJ_| lr_^wMaUZH$o {X` {gmVZH$o D$na AQ>b ahdona hr Ord_mH$mo
Eo{hH$ Ama nmabm{H$H$ H$`mU hmo nmdoJmo. A`ml`Ho$ `mJH$s ^mdZmno
OJVHo$ Ord T> ah| Vmo dUd-hdobrZHo$ d^dHo$ H$maU Omo dUd KagodmHw$
^yb MwHo$ hVo, g`moJdemV CZ hdobrZ_| lrHo$ XeZ AmO ~X ^ò h|, gmo
dUdZHo$ Ka nwZ ^Jdgodmgy {H$b{H$bmVo hmo Om`|Jo. ò bm^ gXm` Ama
gXm`rZ Ho${bò _m_ybr Zht ahoJmo. BdaoN>m AZmH$bZr` hmodo ho. _moHw$ Vmo
lm ho {H$ `m H${R>Z narjm_| h_ g^rZH$mo lo` hr {g hmododmbmo ho.
(14/I)_oao AZw`m`rZHw$ Xmo H$maH$s Xrjm XC hy. W_ H$R>r ~mYZr
VWm Xygar ~g~YXrjm. H$R>r-~mYZr gmYmaU dUdZHw$ hr Xr Omdo ho
VWm ~g~Y {deof$ngy CZ AZw`m`rZHw$, Omo godm_| {deof$ngy ~T>Zmo
Mmho h|. nhbr XrjmHw$ "eaU-Xrjm' H$h| h| VWm Xygar XrjmHw$ "Am_{ZdoXZ'
H$h| h|. eaUXrjmgy dUd {g\$ Zm__aU H$adoH$mo hr A{YH$mar ~Zo ho Vmo
godmdmbo dUdHw$ ~g~YXrjm bodoHo$ ~mX hr A{YH$ma {_bo ho.
~g~Ydmbmo dUd AnZo Ka_| hr godmH$mo A{YH$mar hmodo ho... h_
15
d$nH$s godm ZXmb`H$s ^mdZmgy H$a| h|. `m{bò h_ gmVm|Ho$ gmV nwZHo$
Ka "Ka' hr H$hbmdo h| Amoa h_mao KaH$s g{> "Vrgao-KaH$s-g{>' H$hbmdo
ho.
[ {Z.br.Jmo . lrd O ^y f UbmbOr _hmamO V V rò e :(13/
H$):lr_^wMaU mH$Q>mogd=Vm.24-12-48Ho$ {XZ _w~BHo$
nw{>_mJu` dUdZH$s g^m_| A`jr` dMZ. (13/I) ~`mZ:_y{V~m
H$m`m. ghm. H${_. XodWmZ{d^mJ IS> CX`nwa Ed H$moQ>m ~O[aò H${_eZ
_w.H$mH$amobr.\$mBb g`m.1-4-64. lrmaH$mYre_pXa {XZmH$
7&11&65].
(15)AmO _moHw$ AnZo X`Ho$ Cma H$hdo Xmo, _oamo X` Ob amo ho,
_pXaZ_| _m `gJhH$s d{m ~M JB ho; Amoa dmohr AZWZH$s OS> ho. Eogo
_pXaZHo$ ApVdgy H$moB bm^ Zht. h_mamo gXm` gm_w{hH$ Zht d`pVH$
ho. gmdH$m{bH$ VWm gmdXo{eH$ Ad` ho naVw gmdO{ZH$ Zht. ""H$aV H$nm
{ZO Xdr OrdZna'' `m CpV_| "{ZO' eXH$mo `moJ {H$`mo J`mo ho. Xdr Ord
H$ht ^r hmo gHo$ h| naVw gmdO{ZH$ $ngy Zht. AmO h_ "nw{>'H$mo Zm_ bodoHo$
^r A{YH$mar Zht h|! AnZo _pXa H$hm h|! AmOH$mo h_mamo OrdZ MmdmH$OrdZ hmo amo ho. `m h_, AmO Om H$maH$mo gXm` ho, dmHw$ {OdmZmo Mmh|
h|? `{X gMo gXm`Hw$ MmhVo hm| Vmo d$ngodm Ka-Ka_| nYamAmo Ed
Zm_godmno ^ma aImo... ^pVH$s mpV dJhZ_| godm H$adogy hr hmo`Jr.
AmOHo$ BZ _pXaZgy H$moB bm^ Zht ho, `m|{H$ BZ_| `gJhH$s YmZVm Am
J`r ho; Amoa Ohm ` BH$>mo hmo` ho dht AZW hmo Omdo ho. AmO gXm`H$mo
{dH$V d$n `mgy hr ho.
[ {Z.br.Jmo . lrH $ UOrdZOr
_hmamO _w ~ B _mg:"db^{dkmZ' AH$ 5-6 df 1965]
(16/H$)h_ lrdb^mMmÒrH$s AmkmH$mo nmbZ H$hm H$a aho h|?
AnZo `hm Jhgodm H$hm ho? Ho$db _pXaZ_| XeZgy `m bm^ ho? lr_hm^wOrH$s
Amkm ho ""H$Ugodm gXm H$m`m'' . `{X lr_hm^wOr _pXaHw$ _w` _mZVo Vmo
AnZr VrZ n[aH$_mZ_| AZoH$ _pXa Wm{nV H$a XoV.o lrJwgmBO rZo lr{JaYaOrHw$
16
gmVd$nHo$ _ZmoaW H$aVo g_` `m H$maH$s MoVmdZr Xr Wr. _pXaWmnZ

H$aVo g_` CZHw$ S>a hVmo {H$ Ka_|gy R>mHw$aOr _pXa_| nYma Om`|Jo. _oao
{nVmOrZo H$b (Cn`wV "14/H$' dMZ_|) Omo H$mo dmo Ajae g` ho. Vw_
AnZo KaZ_| R>mHw$aOrHw$ nYamAmo Amoa godm H$amo.
(16/I)nw{>_mJu` Um{bH$mHo$ AZwgma Q>Q> hmoZmo C{MV Zht ho.
lrAmMm`MaUZo òH$ ~g~Yr OrdHw$ Amkm Xr ho ""Jho pWdm dY_V''
(^pVd{YZr) AWmV Jh_| ah Ho$ dY_mMaU H$aZmo M{hò. Jmodm_r ~mbH$
^r AmMm` hmodoHo$ ~mdOyX dUd ^r h|. AV AmMm`lrH$s CnamoV AmkmHw$
nmbZmo CZH$mo ^r H$V` ho... AV _oamo Vmo _mZZmo `hr ho {H$ AmMm`MaUHo$
{gmVHo$ AZwgma dUdZHw$ d`Ho$ Ka_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm H$aZr M{hò
Amoa Y_JWZH$mo nR>Z-nmR>Z H$aZmo M{hò. Zht {H$ _pXaZ_| OmHo$... Q>Q>
Vmo nw{>_mJu` Um{bH$mgy gJV hmododmbr ~mV Zht ~pH$ AnZr UmbrH$mo
^J H$adodmbr ~mV ho.
[ X{hga_| lrJmo d Y Z ZmW hdo b r Q > Q>Ho $ g WmnH$
ny.nm.{Z.br.Jmo.lrd OmYreOr_hmamO:(14/I)"db^{dkmZ'.
AH$ 5-6 df 1965, (14/J) "ZdH$me' AH$ 8 df 8].
(17/H$)Amoa O~ OZab npbH$ Q>Q> ho V~ R>mHw$aOrHw$ Jmodm_rHo$
g~Ygy nWH$ H$aHo$, R>mHw$aOrHw$ g~ gn{m AnU H$aHo$, AWmV ^|Q> H$aHo$
[abr{OAg ES>m_oQ>Ho$ $n_| ^ò do Q>Q> h|. Eogr AdWm_| BZ Q>Q>Zgy Omo ZoJ^moJ Mbm`mo Omdo ho, dmo Xod`gy Mbm`mo Om amo ho. Xod`H$mo Cn^moJ
H$aZodmbmo AV_| XodbH$ hr hmodo ho. lr_XmMm`MaUZo ^wH$s gmoZoH$s H$Q>moar
{Jadr aIHo$ O~ ^moJ AamoJm`mo V~ AmnZo dm `gy g_{nV gmamoH$mo gmamo
gmX Jm`ZHw$ Idm {X`mo. ò ho gmXm{`H$ {gmV. `m H$maHo$ AmXe$n
{gmVZH$mo Om Wmgy {dZme hmodo, AmMm`ZHw$ XodbH$ ~Zm`mo Om`, dm
WmHw$ {OVZr erK gXm`gy hQ>m Xr Om`, CVZmo hr lo` `m_| Jmodm{_g_mO
VWm dUdg_mO H$mo {Z{hV ho.
(17/I)^Jdgodm gXm`H$s Am_$n d{m ho. AmMma godmH$mo
17
AJ ho, godmHo$ AZwHy$b AmMmaH$mo nmbZ {H$`mo OmZmo M{hò. AmMma-nmbZHw$

_wIVm XoHo$ ^JdgodmH$mo `mJ ^r C{MV Zht ho. ^Jdgodm Oogo ^r ~Zo
H$amo... JwKaZ_| _V ôOmo... `{X h_ ^JdX`Hw$ noQ>_| S>mb|Jo Vmo dmo AnamY
ho. JWZHo$ A``ZHo$ {V h_Hw$ g_mOHw$ AmH$> H$aZmo M{hò.
[{Z.br.Jmo.lrXr{jVOr _hmamO _w~B-{H$eZJT>:(15/H$)
""AmMm`m}N>oXH$ Q>Q> Wmgo nwOmarnZH$s WmnZm Kmoa {gmVhm{Z
Ed Kmoa d$n`w{V'' boI n> 7. (15/I)"lrdb^{dkmZ' AH$
5-6 df 1965_| H$m{eV dV`].
(18/H$)Oogo d$ngodm dmW~w{de Amoa bm{H$H$ H$m` g_P Ho$ Zht
H$adoH$s lr_hm^wOrH$s Amkm ho, dgo hr Zm_godm ^r d`W Zht H$aZr
M{hò, Eogr Amkm lr_hm^wOr {Z~Y_| H$a| h|... d`W godm H$adogy `dm`
(Xmof) bJo ho. Oogo JJmO_wZmObH$mo Cn`moJ JwXmjmbZmW Zht {H$`mo Om gHo$,
dgo hr godmH$mo Cn`moJ ^r d`W Zht H$aZmo M{hò.
(18/I)VZ Amoa {dm ^wHo${bò dmn`m} Om` Vmo _Z ^r ^w_| Ad`
bJo hr ho. AVEd lrdb^Zo CnXoe {H$`mo ho {H$ ""Vpg VZw{dmOm''.
_mZgr Omo nam ho dmo {g H$aZr hmo` Vmo VZw{dmOm godm Amd`H$ ho. VZ Ama
{dm H$ht EH$ bJm`mo Om` Vmo {Mm ^r dhm {XZ-amV b`mo ah gHo$ ho.
XbmbrH$mo `dgm` H$adodmboHo$ `dgm`_| Ho$db VZgy l_ {H$`mo Omdo ho
naVw dm_| {dm d`H$mo bJm`mo Zht Omdo ho. AVEd ~OmaHo$ ^mdZH$s KQ>~T>_|
XbmbHw$ V{ZH$ ^r _mZ{gH$ {MVm hmodo Zht... H$moB ~MmH$mo {nVm Ho$db
Q>weZ \$s XoHo$ ~mX_| g_P bo ho {H$ ~Mm narjm_| nmg hmo hr OmòJmo. BZ
VrZm|Hw$ \$bmpV hmodo Zht `m|{H$ VZwOm-{dmOm XmoZm| Zht bJr. A~
VZw{dmOm XmoZm| bJmdodmboHo$ {MmdU hmodoH$mo CXmhaU XoI|:EH$ XwH$ZXma
XwH$mZ Ama _mb H$s IarXr_| nyOr bJm Ho$ `mnma ew H$ao gw~hgy amV VH$
dhm CnpWV ah Ho$ O~ VZ ^r `mnma_| bJmdo ho Vmo `m H$maUgy {XZamV dmHw$
`mnmaHo$ hr {dMma AmVo ah|:AN>r Vah `mnma Ho$go H$$Ho$go `mnma
~T>o... AV nw{>_mJ_| ^w_| AmgpV {g hmodoHo${bò _Zmodkm{ZH$ {H$`m
g_Pm`r J`r ho {H$ ^mdnydH$ ^VHw$ VZw{dmmam godm H$aZr M{hò.
18
[ ny . nm.Jmo . lrJmo { dXamÒr
_hmamO nmo a ~Xa:(16/H$)

"gwYmYmam' n.114. (16/I) "gwYm{~Xw' n.73]
(19)db^_V_| ò {gmVV JbV ho Amoa Eogo XodWmZZHo$ MT>mdmH$mo
gmX ^r Im`mo Zht Om gHo$ ho, `m|{H$ dhm XodbH$d hr YmZ ho. AmOHo$
`wJHw$ XoIVo ^ò Ohm `mg H$aZmo Amd`H$ ho dhm Cn`wV {gmVZHw$
`mZ_| aI Ho$ hr `mg H$aZmo Amd`H$ ho, Omgy XodbH$d{mgy ~`mo Om gHo$.
`{X Egr `dWm Zht H$s JB Vmo Xod` hmodoJmo, OmHo$ godZ H$adogy AmMm`
n> H$h| h| {H$ ZH$nmV hmo`Jmo.
[ {Z.br.Jmodm_r lraUN>moS>mMmÒr W_oe:""h_mar Ym{_H$
pW{VH$m dV_mZ d$n Ed ^{d`H$s `dWmhoVw {VdoXZ ({XZm>:
25&2&81)'' n>.12]
(20)`m|{H$ lrZmWOr d` dmHo$ ^moVm h| {H$Vw dUd-dX VWm
godH$JU ^r dm _hmgmX bodo VH$Ho$ A{YH$mar Zht ho. `h AmMm`MaUHo$
B{Vhmggy `j _mU^yV ho. dmHo$ _hmgmX bodoH$mo Ho$db Jm`Hw$ hr
A{YH$ma ho. A`Wm dm Xod`Ho$ Cn^moJ H$adogy {ZM` hr AYnVZ ho...
g~ H$maHo$ XmZ-MT>mdm d dgyb dgybr H$adoH$mo CboI {H$`mo J`mo ho, dmo
^r gXm`Ho$ {gmVgy {ZVmV {d ho. AnZo gXm`H$s UmbrHo$
AZwgma Omo AnZo gXm`Ho$ godH$ h|, CZH$mohr ` Jw-{e`Ho$ g~Ygy
boHo$ godm_| Cn`moJ H$am`mo Om gHo$ ho. gXm`_| g~ H$maHo$ XmZ-MT>mdmZH$mo
Cn`moJ godm_| Zht {H$`mo Om` ho; Amoa H$Xm{MV H$ht {H$`mo OmVmo hmo` Vmo dmo
gXm`Ho$ {Z`_Zgy {d hmodoHo$ H$maU ~X H$a XoZmoM{hò.
[ny.nm.Jmo.lrKZ`m_bmbOr-gV_oe:""lrZmWmam {R>H$mZoHo$
~YH$s {Xbr-`moOZmH$s AmbmoMZm(Vm.1-2-56)''].
"Jw`' H$mo Om` ho. ^wH$s gmXr dVwHw$ "_hmgmX' H$ho h|... `m
H$maHo$ _pXaZ_| R>mHw$aOrHo$ g_wI_| ^|Q> Yao OmVo `Hw$ Amoa Q>Q>H$s
Am{\$g_| AmVo `Hw$ Vmo n> eXZ_| "Xod`' H$mo Om gHo$ ho; Ama dm
`gy {g hmoVr gm_Jr_| ^JdgmXr hmodoHo$ ~mX _hmgmXnZmo Vmo Amdo ho
naVw dmHo$ gmW dm_| Xod`nZmo ^r aho hr ho. `mhr H$maU dUdZHw$ Eogo
_hmgmXHw$ Xod` g_PHo$ hr `dhma H$aZmo M{hò. Eogo _hmgmXHw$ boZo_|
Xod`H$mo ~mY Vmo aho hr ho.
(21/I)_pXaHo $ WbHo $ \o $ a~XbHo $ ~mao _ | lr Jmo . ny . 108
lr~mbH$UbmbOrZo H$mo {H$ nw{>_mJ_| gmdO{ZH$ _pXaH$s nanam Zht ho.
`m_| `pVJV d$n, {ZOr d$n, H$s hr ~mV ho; Amoa `mhr H$maU
nw{>_mJ_| godmH$ma Xodmb`Ho$ H$ma Oogmo Zht ho. _pXaH$mo {Z_mU ^r Ka
Oogmo hmodo ho. H$ht ^r dOm-{eIa Zht hmodo. dUd ^r Ka_| hr godm H$ao h|
VWm dmHw$ "_pXa' hr H$h| h|...
[ "go d m-Xo d `-{d_e ' J WHo $ ghbo I H$
ny.nm.Jmo.lr~mbH$UbmbOr _hmoX` gyaVW 3/2JhmYre:(19/
H$)"dUddmUr' AH$3,df _mM 1983. (19/I) "JwOamV g_mMma'
AH$ 25-5-93_| H$m{eV].
(22)...~g~Y boH$o godm H$adogy òH$ Bp`ZH$mo ^JdmZ_| {d{Z`moJ
hmodo ho... _pXa-JwKa Ho$db CnXoeJhU H$adoHo${bò h|. godm AnZHw$ AnZo
KaZ_| H$aZr ho.
[ny.nm.Jmo.lr_WwaodaOr gWmnH$lrJmodYZZmWOr _pXa,
hmo{bdwS>.EZ.dm`.A_o[aH$m:"db^{dkmZ'AH$ 5-6 df 1965].
(21/H$)Z:"Xod`' H$m`Hw$ H$h| h|? "Xod`'H$mo _Vb~, XodH$mo

`. Eogmo ` `m nXmW Omo XodHw$ hr Co` ~Zm Ho$ AnU {H$`mo J`mo hmo`
dmHw$ "Xod`' H$h| h|. `mhr H$ma JwHw$ Co` ~ZmHo$ AnU {H$ò Jò `Hw$
(23)Z:AnZo gXm`_| _pXaHw$ "_pXa' Z H$hHo$ "hdobr' `m|

H$mo Omdo ho?
Cma:gm_m`V`m BVa {hXw-gXm`_| "_pXa' eX Xodmb`Ho$ AW_|
`wV hmodo ho naVw Eogo Xodmb`Ho$ $n_| _pXa Oogr gWmH$mo nw{>_mJ_|
19
20
ApVd hr Zht ho. `m|{H$ nw{>_mJ_| AnZo _mWo Omo ^w nYamò Omd| h| do
^wd$n Amoa CZH$s godm haoH$H$mo `pVJV$n_| dmH$s ^mdZmHo$ AZwgma
nYamò Omdo h|. d`Ho$ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm nw{>_mJu` OrdH$mo EH$_m d`H$mo
H$V` ~Z OmVmo d`H$mo hr Y_mMaU ho. nw{>_mJ_| godm gm_w{hH$ OrdZH$mo
{df` Zht naVw `pVJV OrdZH$mo {df` ho. Oogo bmoH$_| nZr AWdm _mVm
H$mo n{V AWdm nw H$s godm `m dmg` XmZ H$adoH$mo dmH$mo `pVJV Y_
CmaXm{`d Amoa A{YH$ma hmodo ho. dm hr Vah Om godH$Ho$ Omo go`d$n hmodo
h| dm go`d$nH$s godm dmH$mo `pVJV Y_ Amoa A{YH$ma hmodo ho. godm H$moB
gmdO{ZH$ H$m` `m gmdO{ZH$ d{m Zht naVw godm Vmo d`Ho$ AmV[aH$
OrdZHo$ gmW g~Y aIdodmbr ~mV hmodgy d`Ho$ OrdZH$s d`Ho$ Ka_| H$s
Omdodmbr Y_$n d{m ho... AV BVa hdobrZH$s Vah Oogo "lrZmWOrH$mo
_pXa' eX, $T> hmo J`mo hmodogy, `moJ {H$`mo Omdo ho. dVwV Vmo gm_w{hH$
XeZ `m godm Ohm H$s OmVr hmo` Ego A`_mJu` gmdO{ZH$ XodWmZ Oogmo
dmo _pXa Zht ho.
[ "go d m-Xo d `-{d_e ' J WHo $
bo I H$
A.gmo.dm.ny.nm.Jmo.lrdbâmÒr gwaVW 3/2 JhJmodm_r:"nw{>Zo
erVb N>m`S>o' n.g.157-158].
(24)lr_hm^wOrZo AbJ-AbJ _pXaZH$s Umbr IS>r Zht H$ar;
naVw `m_| OJXJw lrdb^mMm`H$s EH$ Xya{> hVr:òH$ dUdH$mo Ka
ZXmb` ~ZZmo M{hò... H$moB _pXaHo$ nS>mg_| EH$ ~hZ aho ho. dmHw$ _pXaH$s
AmaVrHo$ KQ>mZmX gwZmB nS>o h|. godm H$adoHw$ ~R>r ^B dmo ~hZ R>mHw$aOrHo$ d
~S>o H$aHo$ ZmZ H$amdo Om ahr hVr {H$ AmaVrHo$ KQ>mZmX gwZmB {Xò. dmo
R>mHw$aOrHw$ dht dmhr AdWm_| N>moS>Ho$ _pXaH$s Va\$ XmS> JB. WmoS>r XoaHo$ ~mX
bmQ>Ho$ Ka AmB. A~ {dMma H$amo {H$ `m Vahgy H$moB godm H$ao Vmo dm_| AmZX
H$^r Am gHo$ `m? `hm Vmo òH$ dUdH$mo Ka ZXmb` ho.
[lr_X^mJdVVd__km lr{J[aamOOrhdobr(~S>moXm)gMm{bH$m,
A_o[aH$m_| gmdO{ZH$ _pXamW d`Ho$ go` lrJmodYZZmWOrHo$ d$n
nYam Ho$ dhm Zdnw{>MoVZmH$mo gMma H$adodmbr ny.nm.Jmo.gwlrBpXam
~oQ>rOr:"dUdn[adma' AH$ OyZ 90].
21
(25)""A{V Y`dmXmh ho {H$ AmnZo BVZr _ohZV H$aHo$ gXm`Ho$

{gmVZH$y H$moQ>_ | g_Pmò''-""h_mamo `m_| nyamo gh`moJ ahoJmo, VZ_ZYZgo...h_mao
g^r {M.~mbH$ `m H$m`_| gh`moJ H$adoHw$ V`mah|''.
[ny.nm.Jmo.{M.lrh[aamÒr(Om_ZJa)Ho$ {gmV{Z> {nVMaU
{Z.br.Jmo.lrdO^yfUbmbOr _hmamO:Jmo.`m__ZmohaOr(nmbm{H$eZJT>)Hw$ ôOo {X.26-10-86 Ama 7-11-86 Ho$ nZ_|].
(26)_ Vmo EH$ hr ~mV H$hZr MmhJmo {H$ g_mOHo$ ^rVa Amoa AnZo
gXm`_| BVZmo A{YH$ {gmVdnar` hmo J`mo ho {H$ JwOamVHo$ EH$
Jmd_|...nw{>_mJHo$ hr, AnZo gXm`Ho$ hr, Xmo _pXa h| Amoa _pXaZH$s
Xrdmb ^r EH$ hr h|; naVw...Eogr O~aXV {VnYm dUdg_mO_| nXm hmo
JB ho {H$ _mZm| EH$-XygaoHo$ gmW nYm H$aVo hm|`. Eogo B`m-ofH$mo dmVmdaU
O~ godmHo$ jo_| CnZ hmo Omdo Vmo dmgy ~T>Ho$ bmoH$m{Wd Amoa `m hmo gHo$
ho! ...Omo em-{~OZog gXm`_| Mb amo ho dmH$mo {ZdmaU hmo` EVXW EH$
gwXa MMmg^mH$mo Am`moOZ ^`mo ho... _oar g{deof {dZVr ò ho {H$ Ego g^r
{gmVdnar`H$s \$OrhV `{X gdm{YH$ H$ht hmoVr hmo` Vmo JwOamV_| hmodo ho.
^mJdV_| ^r {b`mo ^`mo ho {H$ ""JwOao jrUVm JVm''... AV {gmVH$s
g`{Z>m H$ht gmYZr hmo` Vmo... Amoa lr_hm^wOrHo$ nw{>{gmVZHo$
gXOmJaUH$s H$ht Amd`H$Vm hmo` Vmo... JwOamV_| Egr g^mZH$mo Am`moOZ
hmoZmo M{hò...
[ny.nm.Jmo.{M.lrw{_bHw$_maOr _hmoX`:""nw{>{gmVMMmg^m
({X.10-13OZdar,92. nmb}-_w~B) {dVV{ddaU'' n.317-318]
(27)nw{>_mJ JwV ho, {XImdmHo${bò Vmo ho hr Zht, ^V Amoa ^JdmZ
Ho$ AmV[aH$ g~Y T> H$adoH$mo _mJ ho... XmoZm|Ho$ g~Y Ego hmoZo M{hò {H$
H$moB VrgaoHw$ dmH$s OmZH$mar Z hmo nmò. AnZmo AnZo ^JdmZHo$ gmW `m
g~Y ho `mHw$ Xygao H$moB `pVHw$ OVmdoH$s Amd`H$Vm hr `m ho? egm
nmdoHw$? d`H$s _hmm ~T>mdoHw$? ò Vmo g^r Hw$N> ~mYH$ h|.
22
[ ny . nm.Jmo . {M.lrmaHo $ ebmbOr
_hmo X `
(lrdb^mMm` mH$Q>nrR> A_ao b r-H$m X rdbr-Mnma`gyaV):"nw{>ZdZrV' n.12].
(28)Z : AmO Mb aho Omo {S>`wQ> h dm_| {H$VZoH$ {gmV M{MV
hmo aho h Ogo {H$ Zò _pXa Zht ImobZo, Q>Q> _pXa Zht ~ZmZo, R>mHw$aOrHo$
Zm_no ` Zht boZmo, R>mHw$aOrHo$ XeZ Zht H$amZo, VWm {~Zm g_Oo-gmoMo
H$moBHw$ ~g~Y Zht XoZmo. BZ g~ {df`_| AmnH$mo A{^_V `m h?
Cma : XoImo _pXaH$s Ohm VH$ pW{V h Vmo ò ~mV g` h Ho$ nw{>_mJu`
H$magw _pXa Vmo _m EH$ hr h; Amoa g~ KaH$s pW{V hVr. ... AmO _pXa
{OVZo h AWdm {OZ WmZZHw$ AnZ _pXa g_Po h dmo WmZ ... dmHw$ AnZ
_`mXmnw{> _pXa H$h gHo$ h, nw{>_pXa Zht. nw{>H$mo H$ma Vmo _m Jhgodm_|
hr h.
[ ny . nm.Jmo . lrd O o e Hw $ _maOr V V rò e "AmMm` l rdb^'
(AmJQ>1994, AH$5)nw{>_mJ-dV_mZ Z-Cma 4, n.7].
(29)lr_hm^wOr Amkm H$ao h Ho$ Xw{Z`m_| ^Q>H$Vo ahoVo AnZo _Z{Mm(Hw$) lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ g Omo{S>Ho$ {dZH$s VZ-{dmOm godm H$aZr. VZw{dmH$s
godm AWmV d` Cnm{OV AnZo YZgm|, AnZo hr Ka_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$s AnZo hr
earagm| godm H$aZr gmo.
[ny.nm.Jmo.{M.lrdmJreHw$_maOr "db^r` MoVZm', AmQ>mo~a15
2003, n.4]
(30){Mm ^Jdo__| n[anyU hmoB Om`, nyUV: ^JdmZ_| b{J Om`,
V_` A VbrZ hmoB Om` h V~ namgodm hmoV h. `mH$m| _mZgr godm H$mo
Om` h. `mHo$ g _Zw`H$m| earagm| h godm H$aZr M{hò. ... VZwOm godmgm|
earaH$s ew{ hmoV h. AhVm-AhnZ|H$mo Zme hmoV h. YZgm| H$ar OmVr godm
"{dmOm'godm h. dmgm| __Vm-_oamonoZ|H$mo Zme hmoV h. AhVm A __Vm EH$XygaoHo$ g OwS>o ^ò ahV h Vmgm| VZwOm A {dmOm godm EH$g H$aZr M{hò.
23
`m_| YmZVm VZwOm godmH$s h. Ho$db YZ Xo Xodogm| godm hmoV Zmht h. dmgm|
Vmo ({Mm_|)amOgr d{m hmoV h.
[ ny . nm.Jmo . {M.lrmaHo $ ebmbOr _hmo X `, f> o e , dS> m o X am:
lr_X^JdrVm nw{>XeZ, n.125]
(31)AmO \o$[a dmo g_` Am`mo h. dmgm| h H${R>Z g_` Am`mo h. dm
g_` Vmo A`_mJu` bmoJ _VZH$m| VwV H$[aHo$ ^_ CnZ H$aV hVo. n[a
AmO Vmo AnZo gXm`Ho$ hr "gwkOZ' lr_hm^wOrH$s dmUrH$mo {dnarV AW
H$[a aho h, bmoJZH$m| nW^> H$[a aho h, XdrOrdZHo$ g Kmoa A`m` H$[a aho
h. Vmgm| hr A^r _hm^w lrdb^mYreHo$ deO nw{>_mJu` `wdm AmMm`ZZo
EH$ "gdmXWmnH$_S>b'H$s WmnZm H$arHo$ _w~B_| ... Mma {Xdg n`V EH$
nw{>{gmV MMmg^mH$mo Am`moOZ {H$`mo hVmo. ... g^m_| 35 _hmZw^md
AmMm` CnpWV hVo. 28 Jmodm_r AmMm` _hmZw^mdZZo Jmo.lr`m_ _ZmohaOr
_hmamlrHo$ "{gmVdMZmdbr'Ho$ ^mdmZwdmXHw$ gh_{V XrZr hVr. {H$VZoH$
AmMm` _hmZw^mdZZo Agh_{V XrZr hVr A {H$VZoH$ _mZ aho hVo. Agh_{V
H$Q> H$[adodmao ny.nm.Jmo.lrh[aamÒr dO^yfUbmbOr _hmamOlr Om_ZJadmaoZZ o
ny` Jmodm_r lr`m_ _ZmohaOr _hmamOlrHo$ g {dZZo H$ao ^mdmZwdmXHo$
_wXXmZno MMm ma^ H$sZr hVr. ... g_`Ho$ A^mdHo$ H$maU MMm {ZU`no
nhM Z gH$s. naVw dV_mZ(_|) {H$VZoH$ MMmnX, ge`mnX _wXXmZH$s
n>Vm `m MMm_| mV ^`r Omo dVwV: EH$ ~S>r {g{ h. BVZmo hr Zht naVw
ZrMo ~Vmò _wXXmZHo$ {dbofU_| ny` lr`m_ _ZmohaOrHo$ g gh_V hmo`Ho$
ny` lrh[aamÒrZo AnZo gXm`H$s Cm_ godm H$sZr h:
1. nw{>_mJu` go`d$n nyUnwfmom_ d$ngm| hr {~amOo h, do d$n
nmN>| Mmho JwHo$ go` hmod| Ho$ {e` (dUd)Ho$ go` hmod|. XmoC(d$nZ)_|V|
H$moC_| h nwfmom_nZm| `yZm{YH$ hmoV Zmht.
2. nw{>_mJu` {gmV AZwgma H$Ugodm H$[adoH$mo WmZ Jh hr hmoB gH$V
h, gmdO{ZH$ (Wb) Zmht.
3. nw{>_mJu` ^JdgodmHw$ YZH$s mpVH$mo gmYZ ~ZmZmo Zht M{hò.
4. XodbH$ `pV (=^Jdgo`d$nHw$ YZmpVH$mo gmYZ AWdm
AmOr{dH$mH$mo gmYZ ~Zm`dodmao) H$s godm {Z{f H$jmH$s hmo`dogm| (dmo)
24
godmH$mo A{YH$mar Zmht h.

5. lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ VmB H$mh H$maHo$ XmZ-^|Q> _mJZo AWdm drH$maZo dmo
emmam {Z{f h. BVZmo hr Zmht n[a bm^-nyOmHo$ hoVwgm| AnZo {bò `
AWdm H$mh dVwH$mo drH$maZmo dmo emH$s {>_| F$UmZw~Yr XmofH$m| CnZ
H$[adodmamo hmo`dogm| ~YZH$mar h.
6. nw{>_mJHo$ {gmVmZwgma lrR>mHw$aOrHw$ {ZdoXZ H$ao nXmWZH$mo hr g_nU
hmoB gH$V h A g_{nV nXmWZH$mo hr ^JdX CpN>>$n_| gmX boB gH$V
h. lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ {bò XmZ AWdm ^|Q> Ho$ $n_| Am`r ^`r gm_JrHw$ gmXHo$
$n_| br Zht Om gHo$ h `m|Ho$ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ {bò XmZ AWdm ^|Q> Ho$ $n_|
mV ^ò nXmW (`)gm| Am`r gm_JrHw$ gmXHo$ $n_| nmN>r bodogm|
"Xmmnhma'H$mo nmn bmJV h.
7. godm Vmo emH$mo {df` h. Vmgm| godmHo$ g~Y_| emgm|-lr_hm^wOrHo$
JWZgm| hr gd {ZU` hmoB gH$V h, A` H$mh H$magm| Zmht.
[g`wV KmofUmn:A_XmdmX, {_{V \$mJwZ gwXr 7, lrdb^mX
514, {XZm>:11 _mM 1992. hVmja:{Z.br.Jmo.lrdOamÒr
_hmamO, ny . nm.Jmo . lrd O o Hw $ _maOr _hmamO (A_XmdmX);
ny . nm.Jmo . lrXo d H$sZXZmMm` O r, MVw W } e (Jmo H w $ b-A_XmdmX),
ny.nm.Jmo.lrdOoeHw$_maOr _hmamO, ny.Zm.JmolramOoeHw$_maOr _hmamO,
ny . nm.Jmo . lrdb^bmbOr _hmamO (H$S>r-A_XmdmX);
ny.nm.JmolrO`XodbmbOr _hmamO, ny.nm.Jmolr_WwaoeOr _hmamO,
ny.nm.Jmo.lrH$h`mbmbOr _hmamO, ny.nm.Jmolrh[aamÒr (H$m_mdra_Jm_-A_XmdmX)]
25
nw{>{dYmZmZwH$ {UH$m
H$
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
JW
bmMaU
lrgdm}mVmo
lrdb^m>H$
lrw$aH$UomVVmo
ZmaZm`Vmo
lr`wZm>H$
~mb~moY:
{gmVwVmdbr
nw{>dmh`mXmôX:
{gmVah`
ZdaZ
AV:H$aU~moY:
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
H$Uml`Vmo
MVw:bmoH$s
^pVd{YZr
ObôX:
nMnm{Z
g`mg{ZU`:
{ZamoYbjU
godm$b
nMbmoH$s
gmYZH$aU
{ejmbmoH$s
gmYZXr{nH$m
{Vr`m MVw:bmoH$s
nmXmZwH${UH$m
n>
1
17
74
91
112
139
158
178
204
231
244
262
276
298
312
317
329
352
360
387
411
426
448
506
541
604
607
26
&& bmMaU &&

(1)
{MVm-gVmZ-hVmamo
`nmXm~w O -ao U d:&
dr`mZm VmZ {ZOmMm`m Z Um{ w h w h : &&1&&
Ad`mW :
`nmXm~wOaoUd:={OZHo$MaUH$bH$snamJ
dr`mZm={ZO-OZZH$s
{MVmgVmZhVma:={MVmH$s gV{VH$mo
Zme H$[adodmar ho
VmZ={VZH$m|
{ZOmMm`mZ={ZOmMm`MaUH$m|
wh:-wh:=nwZ-nwZ
Um{=Um H$aV hm|
^mdmW : nw{>mJu` OrdZH$s ^JdX^pV qH$dm ^Jdn{m g~Yr EH$

{MVm|Vo H$Q> hmo`dodmar Xygar {MVm `m| {MVmZH$s gVVrH$m| {OZHo$
MaUH$bZHo$ aoUw=namJ h[adodmao h| Ego nw{>mJmMm` lrhm^yZH$m| ~ma~ma
Um H$aV hm|&&1&&
Q>rH$m : AnZmo nw{>mJ H$Nw> {ddY Vmo ho Zmqh `m| Omo nw{>Ord h| {VZH$mohr
Y ho. Vmgm| nw{>OrdZH$shr ^pV-n{mg~Yr {MVmZH$m| lrhm^w {ZdmaV
h|. Vmgm| JbmMaU| {ZOmMm` AWmV nw{>OrdZHo$ H$mO ^yVbno AmMm`$n
Y[aHo$ H$Q> ^ò ^JdwIma{dX$n lrhm^yZH$s dXZ$n eaUmJ{V H$aV
h|. gmo H$mhoVo Omo VmHo$ {~Zm nw{>^yZH$s nw{>^pV H$[adoH$m| nw{>Ord {ZpMV
hmo` gH$V Zmqh. VmV| bmMaUmam AmMmèaUmJ{V Wmonm` ho gmo
lr{dQ>R>bZmW ^wMaU gPmdV h|&&1&&
`XZw J h Vmo
OVw :
Vh gd X m dXo
gd X w : Im-{VJmo
^do V & &
lrX d b^-ZXZ & &2&&
_bmMaU_
1
`XZwJhVmo={OZH$s H$nmgm|
OVw:=OrdZHo$
gdXw:Im{VJmo=gd Xw:IZH$m|nma H$adodmao , ^doV=hmo` h|
V={dZ
lrXdb^ZXZ=lrhm^wOrHo$ nw
lrJmonrZmWOrH$m|
Ah=|
gdXm=gXm
dXo=dXZ H$aV hm|
^mdmW : O bo`Ho$ gmgm[aH$ Xw:IZHo$ gmJa| Sy>~do Om` amo Ord {OZHo$
AZwJhV| gd Xw:IZV| ~{M OmV ho Ego lrXdb^mMm` hm^wHo$ AmOH$m|
gdXm dXZ H$aV hm|&&2&&
Q>rH$m : ò bmoH$ lr{dQ>R>bZmW ^wMaUZo AnZo ò> ~Yw lrJmonrZmW
^wMaUH$m| dXZ H$[adoH$m| {b`mo ho, naVw AmYw{ZH$ nw{>OrdZH$m| XmoZm|
~YyZ| AôX^md ampIHo$ lrJmonrZmWOr VWm lr{dQ>R>bZmWOr Ego Xmo`moZH$mo
aU H$[aHo$ dXZ H$aZm|&&2&&
AkmZ-{V{amY`
Mjw r{bV ò Z
òZ={OZHo$ mam
AkmZ{V{amY`=AkmZ$nr
AYH$magy AY^òH$s
(=oar)Mjw:=AmIH$m|
kmZmOZ-ebmH$`m&
lrJw a do Z:&&3&&
kmZmOZebmH$`m=kmZ${n
AOZebmH$mgm| ,Cr{bV=Imobr ho
V={dZ
lrJwado=JwH$m| ,Z:=ZZ hmoC
^mdmW : {OZZo AkmZ$nr AYH$maV| AmYao ^ò oao OogoZH$s AmIZH$m|

kmZmOZH$s CnXoe-ebmH$mV| CKm[a Xr{Z ho {dZ Jw$ZH$m| oao ZH$ma&&3&&
_bmMaU_
2
Q>rH$m : `m nw{>gXm`| {ZpIb nw{>OrdZHo$ AmJw ybmMm` {nVmnwZH$m|

ZZ H$[aHo$ VmX nw{>OrdZHo$ Omo nw{>mJm}nXo>m Jw hm|` {VZHo$ d$nH$mo
X`| `mZ Y[adoH$m| VWm {VZH$m| dXZ H$[adoH$m| ò bmoH$ ho.
nw{>mJm}nXo>m JwH$s $bwI`mo`VmH$mo bjU ho: ""lrH$UH$s godm|
Vna hmoZmo, X^m{Xa{hV hmoZmo; A lr^mJdVHo$ ^pVmJu` JyT> ah`ZH$mo
kmVm hmoZmo'' Ego lrhm^wZZ o gd{ZU`{Z~Y| gPm`mo ho. nw{>mJm}nXoemVJV
A>mja A J-nMmjaH$s XrjmXmZHo$ A{YH$maH$mo d$nbjU
""^w{d ^pVMmaH$H$Vo dmd`H$V'' ZmV| lr^wMaUZo lrXdb^deOZ|
m` A Wm{nV {H$`mo ho. VmV| {ddm{hV qH$dm A{ddm{hV nwr, Xm{h,
emr A n.^. ~mnm mOr Am{XZ| d$nbjUHo$ A{YH$maH$mo am{h`
OmZZm|. lrXdb^deO nwZ|h $bwI`mo`VmHo$ bjUgm| dnar` {>JV
hmodo V~ Vmo lrhm^yZ|hr Jw~w{ amIZr&&3&&
Zm{ Xò eo f o brbm-jrampY-em{`Z &
br-gh-brbm{^: go `mZ H$bm{Z{Y & &4&&
MVw { ^ M MVw { ^ M MVw { ^ M {{^VWm&
fS > {â {damOVo `mo @ gm nMYm Xò &&5&&
eofo=eof|
Xò=X`|
brghbrbm{^:=hOmaZ br Amoa brbmZgy
go`mZ=go{dV hmoVo
brbmjrampYem{`Z=brbm$nr jragmJa| e`Z H$aVo
H$bm{ZqY=H$bmHo$ {Z{YH$m|
Zm{=ZZ H$aV hm|
`:=Omo(lrX^mJdV-XeH$YmVJVm:=lrX^mJdVHo$ XeH$YHo$
AVJVOmo-)
_bmMaU_
3
MVw{^:=Mmagm| (A`m`:=A`m`Zgm|)
M=Amoa(nMmX Ama` gV-gVm`m`mH$:=nmMdogy bo`Ho$ gmV-gmV
A`m`mH$-)
MVw{^:=Mmagm|(Vmg-mU-o`-gmYZ-$b-$nH$aU:= Vmg-mUo`-gmYZ-$b$n H$aUZgm|)
M=Amoa(fQ>qem`m`mX Ama` gV-gVm`m`mH$:=36d| A`m`gy bo`Ho$
gmV-gmV A`m`mH$gm|-)
MVw{^:=Mmagm|(amOg-mU-o`-gmYZ-$b-$nH$aU:=amOg mUo`-gmYZ-$b$n H$aUZgm|)
M=Amoa(MVw:f{>Vm`m`mX Ama` gV-gVm`m`mH$:=64d| A`m`gy
bo`Ho$ gmV-gmV A`m`mH$gm|-)
{{^:=VrZgm|(gmpdH$-o`-gmYZ-$b$nH$aU:=gmpdH$-o`-$b$n
H$aUZgm|)
VWm=Amoa(nMmer{VVm`m`mX Ama` AmH$YgmpV:=85gy bo`Ho$
H$YH$s gmpV n`V)
fS>{^:=N>ogm| (A`m`:=A`m`Zgm|)
Agm=ò
nMYm=nmM H$magm|
=oao
Xò=X`|
{damOVo={~amOo h|(V Zm{={dZHw$ ZZ H$ h)
^mdmW : eofe`mno A X`|; AWdm eof$n X`|, brH$s An[aJ{UV
brbmZgm| go`mZ; AWdm ghmd{Y br$n nw{>^VZHo$ mam H$ar OmVr
brbmZgm| go`mZ, brbm| A jrampY| {~amOmZ; AWdm brbm$n
jrampY| {~amOmZ, Mm|gR> H$bmZHo$ {Z{Y Ego XeH$YmoV-brbm{dhmar
^yZH$m| ZZ H$aV h. Vhm XeH$YHo$ Ama^Ho$ Mma A`m`ZH$m| W
"OH$aU' H$mo OmV ho. nmMd| A`m`V| ma^ H$[aHo$ n|Vrgd| A`m`VH$
_bmMaU_
4
{Vr`H$aU| VmgmU, Vmgo`, VmggmYZ VWm Vmg$b Ho$ Mma

Cn-H$aU h|. N>mrgd| A`m`V| ma^ H$[aHo$ {VagR>d| A`m`VH$ VVr`
H$aU| amOgmU, amOgo`, amOggmYZ VWm amOg$b Ho$ Mma CnH$aU
h|. Mm|gR>d| A`m`V| Mmoamgrd| A`m` VH$ MVwWH$aU| gmpdH$o`,
gmpdH$gmYZ A gmpdH$$b Ho$ VrZ CnH$aU h|. {nMmgrd| A`m`V|
Z~o A`m`VH$ nM JwUH$aU ho. Ego nmM H$aUZ| d{UV brbmZH$m|
H$[adodmao ^w oao X`| {~amOV h|, {VZH$m| ZZ H$aV h&&4-5&&
lrJmo d Y Z ZmW-nmX-`w J b
h ` drZ-{`
{Z` lrWw a m{Yn gw I H$a lr{dQ > R>bo e w X m&
lrX madVre-Jmo H w $ bn{V-lrJmo H w $ bo Xw
{d^w
lrW-mo h Z ZQ>da lr~mbH $ U Ôo & &6&&
1
lrJmodYZZmWnmX`wJb=W {Z{Y lrJmodYZZmWOrHo$ XmoZm| MaUH$bZH$m|

h`drZ{`=VmOmo mIZ {OZH$m| {` ho Ego lrZdZrV{Òr {Vr` {Z{YH$m|
3
lrWwam{Yn=Vrgao {Z{Y lrWwamYreH$m|
4
lr{dQ>R>boe=MmoWo {Z{Y lr{dQ>R>bZmWOrH$m|
5
lrXmadVre()=nmMd| {Z{Y lrmaH$mYreOrH$m|
6
JmoHw$bn{V()=N>R>o {Z{Y lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH$m|
7
lrJmoHw$boXw=gmVd| {Z{Y lrJmoHw$bMmOrH$m|
8
lrWmohZ=AmR>d| {Z{Y lrXZmohZOrH$m|
9
ZQ>da=Zd| {Z{Y lrZQ>daOrH$m|
10
lr~mbH$U=Xgd| {Z{Y lr~mbH$UOrH$m|
gwIH$a=gwI H$adodmao
{d^w=^wH$m|
_wXm=AmZXgm|
{Z`=gXm (Ah=_|)
Ôo=Ôwh
_bmMaU_
2
^mdmW :
1.lrJmodYZZmWOr 2.lrZdZrV{Òr 3.lr_WwamYreOr

4.lr{dQ>R>bZmWOr 5.lrmaH$mYreOr 6.lrJmoHw$bZmWOr
7.lrJmoHw$bM_mOr 8.lr_XZ_mohZOr 9.lrZQ>dabmbOr
10.lr~mbH$UbmbOr
-BVZo d$nZZ| ^wMaU lrJwgmBOrHo$ Ka_| EH$ gmW {~am{OHo$ gmVm|
~mbH$-~oQ>rOr-~hOrZHo$ g_oV lr^wMaUZH$m| Abm{H$H$ godmgwI {X`mo
hVmo gmo _h _w{XV hmo` {Z` BZ d$nZH$m| `mZm_H$ ÔZ H$aV h&&6&&
Q>rH$m : BZ d$nZH$mo dUZ H$_V| {H$`mo hmo`doV| H$moC-H$moC AkmZr Ord
d$nZ_|h VmaV` ~VmdV h|. VmH$m| AkmZ_m g_PZmo. gmo H$mhoVo Omo
lrJwgmBOrHo$ dMZm_V h| ""Omo d$n_| N>moQ>mo-~S>mo H$hm?'' (.:
lrdbÔr-dMZm. 20) VmV| lr_hm^yZH $o go` (1-8) VWm lr^wMaUZH$o
go ` (9-10) ^Jdd$nZ _ | bm { H$H$ ~w { H$[aHo $ VmaV` Z
OmZZmo(:lrdbÔr-dMZm.20).
Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo lr_hm^yZHo$ VWm lr^wMaUZHo$ A`h AZoH$
{Z{Yd$n {~amOV h| {VZH$mo Zm_moboI Z H$[aHo$ Ho$db BVZo hr d$nZH$mo
Zm_moboI {H$`mo VmH$mo H$maU H$hm? Vhm `h g_mYmZ ho Omo A`h lr_hm^yZH $o
VWm lr^wMaUZHo$ {Z{Yd$nZ_| `yZVm~w{ Z bmdZr. gmo H$mhoV| Omo A`
d$nZ_| nw{>nw fmom_Vm AWdm nyUn w fmom_Vm H$mo AVa `{X hmo` Vmo _hm~mYH$
A`ml`H$mo AnamY nS>o. A g^r go`d$nZ_| nw{>nwfmom_Vm BH$gma
hmo`dono H$mh d$nH$s godm gmV ~mbH$ZHo$ de_o Ny>Q>^`m H$aV hm|` AWdm
H$moB dUd H$aV hm|` VmV| d$nHo$ _mhm`_| H$Nw> AVa nS>V Zmqh.
lrh[aamÒrZo Vmo `mhrV| lr_hm^w^VrZHo$ go` VWm AmYw{ZH$ db^deO
AWdm dmb^ dUdZ Ho$ Omo go` ^w h| {VZ_|h VmaV` Z OmZZmo Egmo
{VnmXZ "d$nVmaV`{d_e' JW_| {H$`mo ho. VmV| nw{>d$nZ_| bm{H$H$
~w{V| VmaV` _m{Zdodmao ^Jdd$nmnamYr, AmMm`mnamYr VWm _mJmnamYr
hmoV h|&&6&&
_bmMaU_
6
lr_X d b^-{dQ > R>bm {J[aYa Jmo { dXam`m{^Y

lr_X ~ mbH$H $ U-Jmo H w $ bnVr ZmW aKy U m VWm&
Ed lr`Xw Z m`H $ {H$b KZ`m_ M V e OmZ
H$m{bXt dJw {J[a Jw{d^w dr`^yM _aoV&&7&&
lr_Xdb^-{dQ>R>bm=lr_hm^wOr Amoa lrJwgmBOr H$mo
{J[aYa=lr{J[aYaOrH$mo
Jmo{dXmam`m{^Y=lrJmo{dXamÒrH$mo
lr_X~mbH$H$U-JmoHw$bnVr=lr~mbH$UOr Amoa lrJmoHw$bZmWOr H$mo
VWm=Amoa
M=Amoa, H${bXt=lr`_wZmOrH$mo
aKyUm ZmW_=lraKwZmWOrH$mo
dJw=AnZo JwH$mo
lr`XwZm`H$=lr`XwZmWOrH$mo
(JmodYZ){J[a=lr{J[aamOOrH$mo
KZ`m_=lrKZ`m_OrH$mo
Jw(go`){d^w=JwHo$ go`^wH$mo
Ed=A
dr`^yZ M=A IwXHo$ _mWo
{H$b=Ego hr H$magm|
{~amOVo ^yZH$mo
VeOmZ={dZHo$ deOH$mo
_aoV=_aU H$aZmo
^mdmW : lr_Xdb^mMm` _hm^w, lr{dQ>R>bZmW ^wMaU, lr{J[aYaOr,
lrJmo{dXamÒr, lr~mbH$UOr, lrJmoHw$bZmWOr, lraKwZmWOr, lr`XwZmWOr,
lrKZ`m_Or; Vog|B BZHo$ deO, lr`_wZmOr, A>mja_ VWm ~g~Y_
XmZ H$[addmao Jw, lrJmodYZ{J[a, AnZo XrjmXmVm JwZHo$ go`d$n VWm
{ZO go`d$nH$mo _aU H$aZmo&&7&&
Q>rH$m : H$Nw> _mJofr dmWu AkmZr Ord Ego H$hV h| Omo nydbmoH$_| d{UV
^Jdd$nZ_| nyU nwfmom_H$mo ^md hmo`doV| {dZH$mo n[aJUZ EH$ R>moano {H$`mo.
n[a dUdZHo$ _mWo {~amOVo go`d$n_| nwfmom_ ^md Z hmo`doV| AWdm
_bmMaU_
7
Jwdmon{hV nwfmom_^md hmo`doV| {dZH$mo _aU JwXodHo$ gmW H$sZmo ho. naVw
ò ~mV dmW-AkmZ-_ybH$ _moh _m ho. gmo H$mhoVo? Omo `m gyMr_| dUdHo$
_mWo {~amOVo go`d$nH$mo Oogo CboI ho Vogohr AnZo XrjmXmVm Jw$ZHo$
_VH$na {~amO_mZ d$nH$moh CboI ho. gmo doh nwfmom_^mdm_H$ {g Z
hmod|Jo. {H$M nyd bmoH$_| d{UV {Z{Yd$nZ_|Vo H$moD$ d$n AnZo JwZHo$
_VH$na {~amOV hm|` Vmo doD$ nwfmom_^mdm_H$ Z a{hHo$ Jw^mdm_H$ d
Omd|Jo. Amoa H$Nw>H$ bmoJ H$hV h| Omo {ZOJwH$m| _Zw`~w{V| XoIZmo em{ZpXV
hmo`doV| AmYw{ZH$ JwZ_|h nwfmom_^md amIZmo. V~ Vmo AnZo _mWo {~amOVo
go`^w_o Jw^md am{Idonoh nwfmom_^md H$Nw> {Zdm hmoV Zmqh. VmV| dUdZHo$
_mWo {~amOVo d$nH$s nyU nwfmom_Vm_| aMH$h `yZVm Z OmZZr.
A d_mJu` Xrjm XmZ H$[adodmao AmYw{ZH$Z_| ""H$UgodmnaVm,
X^m{Xa{hVVm, ^mJdVVdkVm'' bjUH$mo AIpS>V XeZ hmoV hmo` V~
Jw^md A Vm H$[a nwfmom_^md AWmV ^Jdgodmg~Yr {VZH$s AmkmH$m|
gmjmV nwfmom_dMZHo$ ~am~a m_m` OmZZm|. naVw `m bjUH$mo AIpS>V
XeZ Z hmoV hmo` Vmo Jw^md Ho$db lr_hm^w-^wMaU_| gr{_V H$[aHo$
AmYw{ZH$Z_| JwmaVm hr Ho$db OmZZr. Vmgm| JwmaVmHo$ H$maU nwfmom_^mdH$s
A{Zdm`Vmh ahV Zmqh&&7&&
~hm n rS>
ZQ>dadnw :
H$U ` mo :
H${U H $ma
{~^ mg: H$ZH$H${ne d O `VrM _mbm_ &
aY m Z
do U mo a Yagw Y `m
ny a `Z
Jmo n d X :
d Xma` dnXa_U m{deX JrVH$s{V : &&8&&
~hmnrS>=_moa_wHw$Q>Hw$
dO`Vt=nmM H$maHo$ \y$bZgy
({~^X=YmaUH$[adodmao)
~Zr dO`pVHw$
ZQ>dadnw:=ZQ>H$mo Amoa daH$mo gmo_mbm=_mbmHw$
d$n({~^X=YmaUH$[adodmao)
{~^X=YmaU H$[adodmao
H$U`mo:=XmoZm| H$mZZno
AYagwY`m=AYam_Vgy
_bmMaU_
8
H${UH$ma=H$ZoaHo$ \y$bZHw$ ({~^X)

H$ZH$H${ne=gwdU aJHo$
dmg:=dHw$ ({~^X)M=Amoa
JmondX:=dmbZHo$ g_yhHo$
JrVH$s{V:={OZH$s H$s{VH$mo JmZa_Ur` ~ZmdVo {H$`moOm` ho Ego
doUmo:=doUwH$m|
aYmZ={N>ZH$m|
nya`Z=ny[aV H$aVo^òmam
dnXa_U=AnZo MaUZV|
dXma`=dXmdZ_|
m{deX=doe {H$`mo
^mdmW:lr_VH$no _`wa{nN>H$mo V~H$ YmaU H$[aHo$, ZQ>H$mo Amoa daH$mo gmo

dnw YmaU H$[aHo$, H$UZn| H$ZoaHo$ nwnZH$m| YmaU H$[aHo$, H$ZH$ dUHo$ d
YmaU H$[aHo$ A dO`Vr dZ_mbm YmaU H$[aHo$, AnZo AYaZ_| {~amO_mZ
gwYmV| doUwHo$ aYZH$m| nyaV-nyaV gJ-gmWr Jmon~mbH$ {OZH$s H$s{VH$mo JmZ
H$aV h| Ego ^w AnZo ^pV$n MaUH$_bZV| dXmdZH$m| a_Ur` ~ZmdV Vhm
dXmdZ_| {d> ^ò&&8&&
Q>rH$m:^mJdVHo$ Xe_H$Y_| Vm_g-_o`H$aUHo$ AVJV ^wHo$ _o`$nH$mo
dUZ `m bmoH$_| ho. `m_| d{UV ^wHo$ $n, JwU VWm brbm dOW ^VZH$m|
Abm{H$H$ H$magm| {>-lw{VJmoMa ^ò. gmo Ho$go Omo ~{dm$n doUwZmX mam
X`_| \w$[aV ^ò. Vmgm| lwòH$g_{YJ` ~H$mo lmV d$n Oog| lw{VdMZVo
X`V hmoV ho Vog| dXmdZpWV ^JdmZHo$ _Ywa $n-JwU-brbmH$mo gmjmH$ma
doUwZmXV| dOW ^VZHo$ X` A Bp`Z _| ^`mogmo `m_| d{UV ho. Vmgm|
`m dUZHw$ {X` _o`H$mo {Z$nU g_PZmo.
_`wa AnZr _Vr_| hmo`dono Zm{MdoH$m| AnZr nwN>H$m| \o$bm`Ho$ V~H$
Oogmo ~ZmdV ho, Vog| ^wZZoh AnZo lr_VH$no _`wanwN>V~H$Hw$ YmaU {H$`mo
ho. Vmgm| ^JdmZH$moh `h d$n Cw agm_H$ ho Ego OmZZmo.
Hw$eb ZQ> Oogo emaagH$mo ZmQ>Z H$aV ho A da (n{V) Oogo `J
^moJ H$aV ho Vog| ^JdmZHo$h C^`{dY $n h|. kmZrZH$m| AnZo AVa_| Oog|
na_m_mZw^y{V hmoV ho Vog| BZ C^`{dY $nZH$s AZw^y{V hmoV ho Ego Z OmZZmo.
_bmMaU_
9
gmo H$mhoVo?Omo ^VZH$m| gwIXmZmW Vmo ^w ~m dnw YmaU H$[aHo$ H$Q>

hmoVh|.
H$UZn| YmaU {H$ò H$ZoaHo$ nwnZHo$ emaH$m|h agH$mo CmoYH$ OmZZmo.
emaag Oog| g`moJ-{d`moJHo$ ôXV| {{dY hmoV ho Vog|B ^yZHo$ Xmo` H$U h|.
Vmgm| g`moJH$s ZmB {d`moJ_|h ^VHo$ ^mdmoXJma ^w gw{Z gH$V h|.
ag Vmo JwV hmo`do nohr ag$n hmoV ho A`Wm agm^mg. VmV| ^wZo AnZo
agm_H$ dnwHw$ JwV am{IdoH$m| nrVm~a YmaU {H$`mo ho. nrVm~ah \o$[a H$ZH$
Oogr `m_mo{hH$m _m`mHo$ AmdaUH$s ZmB hmoV ho.
\o$[a H$s{V_`r dZ_mbm AWmV dO`Vr_mbmh Amn YmaU {H$ò h|.
^JdmZHo$ bmo^m_H$ AYaZno pWV hmo`doV| ò AYagwYm gdm^mo`m ho.
Vmgm| doUwZmXHo$ ldUV|hr `m gwYmH$mo nmZ hmo` gH$V ho A`Wm Zmqh. gmo
H$mhoV|? Vhm ò OmZZmo Omo Oogo doUwdmXZmam ^Jdd$nmZXHo$ Cn^moJmo{MV
^moV^md ^JdmZZo dO^VZ_| H$Q> H$sZmo gmo A`Wm g^d Zmqh. Vmgm|
Am_a_UH$d^mddmao ^JdmZ OmHo$ H$mO Am_^mo`Vm H$Q> H$aV h| Vm_|
d$nmZX^moVVmH$mo ^md H$Q> hmoV ho. Vmgm| ^JdH$V doUwZmXHo$ da
H$Umam X`_| {d> hmo`Ho$ ^Jdd$nmZXH$s ^moVVmH$mo ^md H$Q> H$aV
h|. {df`mZXHo$ ^moVm AWdm _mojmZXHo$ ^moVm H$mo ^moVd ^Jdd$nmZXHo$
^moVdHo$ AmJo Vmo A{V VwN> A A{V jw H$[a OmZZm|. ^Jdd$nmZXH$mo
Cn^moVm nM A mnpMH$ {df`ZH$m| ^y{bHo$ ^Jdd$n_| AmgV
AWmV {Z do OmV ho. Vmgm| doUZw mXmam AmnZo dO ^VZH$m| {ZOd$nmZXHo$
Cn^moJmo{MV ^moV^mdH$mo XmZ {H$`mo.
^JdmZHo$ MaUma{dX ^pV$n hmo`doV| gdW_ MaU qH$dm ^pV H$s
WmnZmV| dXma` qH$dm dXmdX H$m| ^Jdd$nmZX_| {Z hmo`doH$mo
A{YH$ma XmZ ^`mo Om{Zò. gmo H$mhoVo Omo {Z (nM{d_{VnydH$
_bmMaU_
10
^Jdd$nmgV) Ordhr ^Jdd$nmZXHo$ dN>X Cn^moJmW ^moV^mddmao

hmoV h|. Ego ^VZHo$ AmYrZ hmo`H|$ ^JdmZ AnZo ^rVa JyT>^mdV`m AdpWV
^mo`^md H$Q> H$aV h|. Vmgm| `m bmoH$_| _o`$n ^JdmZH$mo na_H$m>mnZ
dUZ `hm ^`mo Om{Zò&&8&&
gm X`
{ZOX J V
H${Q>V
rJy T >^mdm_H $
nw w $nM
nw Z VXVJ V
mdr{deV
d{ò &
g p b>mdw ^ `m ~^m ag_`: H $ Umo {h `V gm{jH $
$n VV {V`m_H $ na_{^ò ` gXm db^_ &&9&&
{ZO=AnZo
(H$U)XJV=X`_| aho^ò
rJyT>^mdm_H$=JyT> r ^mdm_H$
H${Q>V=H$Q>
gmX`=gmX`, nwZ:=\o$[a
VX=dmo-(dm{_Zr)
AVJV=AXa amo^`mo
ag_`:=agm_H
H$U:=lrH$U$
~^m=emo^m`_mZ ^ò
{h=`mgy
(V_mV H$maUmV=Om H$maUgy)
`X=Omo, $n=$n
gm{jH$=gmjr(AmgrV=hVmo)
nw$n=nwf$n
(H${Q>V gmX`=H$Q> ^`mo gmX`)
M=A, d{ò=AnZo {`_|
mdr{deX={d> H$am`mo(B{V)
C^`m=XmoZm|ZH$mo
gpb>m =g`moJ ^ògy
(gVm nwZ:)
VV=dmo
{V`m_H$ = VrZm| $ndmamo
(^ydm=hmo`Ho$)
gXm=gXm, db^=lr_hm^wOrH$m
na_=AmN>r^m{Vgm|
A{^ò`=`mZ H$aZm|
(H${Q>V_ A^dV=H$Q> ^`mo)
^mdmW : gdag^moVm lrH$UHo$ ^rVa AnZo d$nmZXHo$ XmZmW EH$ JyT>

^mo`^mdm_H$ gmX`h ho- Vog|B AnZo d$nmZXHo$ Cn^moJmW H$Q> {H$ò
_bmMaU_
11
dm{_Zr$n_|h ^Jdd$nmZXHo$ Cn^moJ H$[adoHo$ ^mddmamo EH$ JyT>

^moV^mdm_H$ gmX`h ho. gmo ò ^JdmZ_| amo JyT> ^mo`^mdm_H$ gmX`
A dm{_Zr_| amo JyT> ^moV^mdm_H$ gmX` Am`pVH$ agmoX~moYZH$s
AdWm_| H$~hH$ H$Q> (CN>{bV) do OmV ho. A`Wm JyT> hr ahV ho. gmo
C^` pWV JyT> gmX` H$~hH$ CN>{bV do Ho$ AnZr Egr agmp_H$m
brbmHo$ n[aH$a Ego gmjr^yV d$nH$mo nmV`m Adb~Z H$aV ho. gmo `m
agbrbm_| CN>{bV JyT> ^mdm_H$, ^JdgmX` VWm dm{_ZrgmX` Ho$
{_lUgm| H$Q> agm_H$ H$UHo$ {` nm ~{ZdoHo$ H$maU
(1) JyT> r(^mo`)^md
(2) JyT> nw(^moV)^md VWm
(3) gm{j^md
-`m| {V`m_H$ $n gdXm hr nw{>OrdZH$m| {Za{Ve` {` hmo`doV|
gdm}H$>V`m A{^`mZ H$[ado `mo` ho&&9&&
Q>rH$m : ""~hmnrS> ZQ>dadnw:...'' bmoH$_| ^JdmZH$mo Oogmo _o`$n {Z${nV
{H$`mo VmHo$ _mU$n (gm{j$n) d`_od _hm^w lr_Xdb^mMm`MaU h|.
gmo `m bmoH$_| _hm^wHo$ Ego d$nH$mo dUZ lrJmonrZmW^wMaUZo {H$`mo ho.
gmo H$mhoV| Omo _mUHo$ {~Zm _o` {g hmoV Zmqh. Vog| _hm^w `{X H$Q> Z
hmodVo Vmo nw{>^pV^mdH$mo Adb~Z ~{Zdodmao lrH$UH$mo Egmo JyT> gmX`h
nw{>OrdZHo$ H$mO H$Q> Z hmoVmo.
H$Nw>H$ nmIS>r Ord `m bmoH$_| d{UV _hm^wH$s {V`m_H$VmHo$
`mOV| lrH$UH$s AZ`^pVHo$ _hm^yZHo$ CnXoegm| AnZmo N>Z of
H$Q> H$[a XoV h|:Omo lrH$UH$mo _yb$n Vmo EH$m_H$ ho A {V`m_H$
hmo`doV| ÔZmW CH$>Va d$n Vmo lr_hm^wZH$mo ho. gmo Ego lr_hm^yZHo$
N>Z ofr OZZHo$ nmIS>H$mo IS>Z `mhr bmoH$V| do OmV ho Omo {V`m_H$
$n Vmo Ho$db `mZ H$[adoHo$ H$mO ho godmHo$ H$mO Zmqh!
bmoH$_| Oogo H$moC H$Nw>H$ Y_mMaU qH$dm AY_mMaU H$aV hmo` Vhm Omo
_bmMaU_
12
gmjr ~{Z R>mS>mo aho VmH$m|h Y_ AWdm AY_ H$mo H$Nw> \$bboe hmoV ho. n[a
_w` \$b Vmo Y_H$Vm AWdm AY_H$Vm H$m|{h {_bV ho. n[a dmHo$ Y_mMaU
qH$dm AY_mMaU H$mo Omo gmjr ~ZV ho gmo _mU Vmo _m`mo OmV ho. VogoB
dm{_ZrOr_| H$Q>-^mo`^md A JyT>-^moV^md Aer^yV ho VmHo$ Ae^yV
H$Q>-^mo`^md A JyT>-^moV^md g~{h nw{>OrdZH$m| ^wZo XmZ {H$ò h|.
VmH$m| _m{UV H$[adoHo$ H$mO brbmn[aH$a_| gmjr^yV _mUd$nH$m| ^yZZo
^yVbno nw{>^pV_mJHo$ AmMm` ~Zm`Ho$ H$Q> {H$ò h|. gmo H$Q> hmo`Ho$
AmnZoh H$Q>_| ^moV^mdm_H$ n[a JyT>V`m ^mo`^mdm_H$ lrH$UHo$
d$nmZXH$mo XmZ H$[adodmao nw{>^pV_mJH$mo CnXoe {H$`mo.
V~ lrH$UH$s nw{>^pVHo$ AmnHo$ CnXoegm| of H$[adodmaoZH$s Amoa H$Nw>
Vmo Mbr Zmqh. V~ lrH$UÔZVo nw{>OrdH$mo {d_wI H$[ado lr_hm^yZH$s
{V`m_H$VmH$s ~mVH$mo CbQ>mo AWKQ>Z H$[a {V`m_H$ $n YmaU H$[adodmao
lr_hm^yZH$s godm H$aZr, _ybd$n lrH$UH$s godm Zmqh H$aZrEgo
nmIS>H$mo Mma H$[a XoV h|. gmo Vmo $nXeZmW {dYmVmZo Zo {Xò gmo {VZ
ZoZgm| $nXeZ Z H$[aHo$ XnU_| dZoXeZ hr H$aVo a{hdoH$s gr _yT>Vm
OmZZr. Vmgm| {g hmoV ho Omo JyT>-^mo`-^moV-$nZgm| C^`-^mdm_H$
ag_` lrH$U Vmo AnZo nmWmZr` _hm^yZHo$ X`_|h JyT>^mdV`mhr {~amOV
h|. A H$Q>_| Vmo Amn Vm JyT>^mdZHo$ gmjr$n-_mU$n hr h|- H$Ny>
AYZaZmar Oogo $nVo Amn H$Q> Zmht ^ò h|. gmo ""Xdmoma`Zm_m...
^pV_mJmO_mVS>:... ArH$`d Jmonredb^rH$V_mZd:...
gmpZ`_mXmlrH $ Uo _ m... ^`mMmamo n Xo >m... ^w { d
^pVMmaH$H$Vo dmd`H$V... VH$Wm{jV{Mm: V{_Vm`:''
Zm_ZV| {g hmoV ho Omo Amn nw{>^pV_mJmMm` h|. Vmgm| Omo Ord AmnHo$
CnXoemZwgma lrH$U^pV Zmqh H$aV h| {VZH$m| Xdr Z OmZZmo. gmo H$mhoVo Omo
gy`m}X`H$mo H$me hmoVhr H$_bH$mo \y$b Vmo {I{b OmV ho n[a amrHo$ AYH$ma_|
{I{bdodmao \y$b _waPmdZ bmJV h|. Vog| _hm^yZHo$ CnXoeV| XdrOrdZHo$
X`H$_b Vmo lrH$U^pVHo$ $n_| {I{b OmV h| n[a AmgwarZHo$ AYH$mar
\y$b _waPmdZ bmJV h|. gmo H$mhoV| Omo Amn Om OrdH$mo ArH$ma H$aV h| dmH$m|
Vmo AmnH$mo gmpZ` {_bV ho. A OmH$m| AmnH$mo gmMmo gmpZ` {_bV ho
_bmMaU_
13
Vm_| A{db~ lrH$Uo_h H$Q> do OmV ho. gmo dmoh Ord Jmonrn{V lrH$UH$m|
db^g_ bmJV ho. `mhr `moOZV| Vmo AmnZo AnZr dmUr A deOh H$Q>
{H$ò Omo nw{>Ord nw{>^wHo$ d$nmZXHo$ AZw^d_| godm-H$WmH$s Umbrgm|
Am{jV{Mm hmo`Ho$ A` g~ H$Nw>H$m| {d_V H$[a Xod|. Vmgm| Omo Ord AmnHo$
CnXoemZwgma nw{>^pV_mJno MbV Zmqh VmH$m| lr_hm^wh {~gmar XoV h|, `h
T> H$[a OmZZm|. `m_| ZmXg{> AWdm {~Xwg{> H$mo H$Nw> ôX^md Zmqh ho&&9&&
lrdb^-{V{ZqY
Vo O mo - amet
X`mU d _ &
Jw U mVrV Jw U {ZqY lrJmo n rZmW_ Amlò &&10&&
VoOmoamet=VoOHo$ ^S>ma
X`mUd=X`mHo$ gmJa
JwUmVrV=JwUZgm| AVrV
JwU{ZqY=JwUZHo$ {Z{Y
lrdb^{V{ZqY=lrd^Ho$ {V{Z{Y
lrJmonrZmW_=lJmonrZmWOrH$m|
(Ah=_|)
Amlò=Aml` H$ h
^mdmW : Abm{H$H$ nw{>^pVHo$ H$_bH$mo {Ibm`doH$m| lr_hm^yZH$s ZmB

lrJmonrZmWOrh VoOmoamer ^pV_mJmO_mVS> h|. Amn X`mHo$ g_wh hmo`doV|
^pVH$_bH$m| {Ibm`doH$m| H$Q> hmo`do_|h AmYma ~ZV h|. mH$V JwUZgm|
AVrV-An> A Abm{H$H$ nw{>^pV_mJu` JwUZHo$ {Z{Y$nh h|. Ego
{dY_ZHo$ Aml` h| gmo H$mhoVo? Vhm H$hV h| Omo lrdb^Ho$ {V{Z{Y
""Am_m d Om`Vo nw:'' hmo`doV| Ego h|. Ego lrJmonrZmWOrH$mo _ Aml` boV
h &&10&&
Q>rH$m : mMrZ ^mfmgm{h`_| H$h-H$h lrJmonrZmWOrHo$ _`mXm_mJu` hmo`doH$mo
CboI {_bV ho. n[a lr_hm^wh Vmo ""ArH$Vm g_`mX'' h|! VmV| `m
_`mXmH$m| nw{>~m _`mXm Z Om{ZHo$ nw{>_mJmV^yVm _`mXm OmZZr. Vmgm|
lrnwfmom_OrZo `h Vw{VbmoH$ H$Q> {H$`mo ho. lrJmonrZmWOrHo$ {da{MV
"godmbmoH$' VWm "gmYZXr{nH$m' JWZ_| nw{>^pVH$mo {Z$nU {_bV ho,
H$Nw> _`mXm^pVH$mo Zmqh. VmV| A`Wm^md Z bmdZmo&&10&&
_bmMaU_
14
gm` Hw $ Omb`WmgZ_ Cn{dbgV dU n m gw Y m V

amOX - `kmo n drV n[aVZw - dgZ Jm a _ A^mo O d_ &
mUmZm`` Zmgm-nw Q >-{Z{hV-H$a H$U - amOX - {d_w V
dXo@Ym}_r{bVmj _J_X-{VbH$ {dQ>R>boe gwHo$e_&&11&&
gm`=gOmHo$ g_`
Hw$Omb`WmgZ_=Hw$O_| {OZH$mo AmgZ h
Cn{dbgV-dUnm=g_rn_| aho^ò gmoZoHo$ nm
gwYmV=AmN>r ^m{Vgy Ymoò ^ò
n[aVZwdgZ=dZHw$ YmaU H$ao ^ò
amOX`kmondrV=`kmondrV YaUH$ao ^ò
Jma_=Jma dUdmao
A^moOd=H$_b g_mZ _wIdmao
mUmZm``=mUm`m_ H$arHo$
ZmgmnwQ>-{Z{hV-H$a=Zm{gH$mno hmW aIo^ò
H$UamOX{d_wV_=H$mZ_| _mo{V YmaU H$ao^ò
AYm}_r{bVmj=AmYo Zo {_Mo^ò
_J_X{VbH$=H$VyarH$mo {VbH$ YmaU H$ao^ò
gwHo$e=gwXa Ho$edmao
{dQ>R>boe=lr{dQ>R>bZmWOrH$m|
dXo=dXZ H$ h
^mdmW : gm`H$mb_| Hw$O^dZ_| AmgZno {~am{Ododmao, g`mdXZmW dUnm
{OZHo$ g_wI gOo ^ò h|, H${Q>_o gwXa YmoVr YmaU H$[a amIr ho, `kmondrVh
lrAno emo^m`_mZ do ahr ho, CnaZmh AmnZo Amo{T> am`mo ho, AmnH$mo
_wIma{dX JmadU ho, mUm`m_Ho$ H$mO ZmgmnwQ>Zno lrhV Y[a am`mo ho,
_bmMaU_
15
H$UnQw >Z_ | {d{e> _wpVH$m emo^m`_mZ do ahr h|, AmnHo$ Zo `mZ_| AYm}_r{bV
do aho h|. bbmQ>no _J_XH$mo {VbH$ YmaU H$[a am`mo ho. lr_VH$no gwXa
Ho$emdbr {~amO_mZ ho, Ego lr{dQ>R>bZmW ^wMaUH$m| _ dXZ H$aV h&&11&&
Q>rH$m : `m bmoH$V| lraKwZmWOrZo lrJwgmBOrHo$ AmMm`^mdmo{MV d$nH$m|hr
`mZm_H$ dXZ {H$`mo ho, Oog| ""gmX`...'' n_| lrJmonrZmWOrZo
lr_hm^yZHo$ JyT> ag_`^mdm_H$ n[a H$Q> gm{j^mdm_H$ AmMm`^mdmo{MV
$nH$mohr `mZ ~Vm`mo Vog|.
Vmgm| Oogo JyT> nw^mdmp_H$m lrdm{_ZrOr A JyT> r^mdm_H$ lr^yZHo$
d$nZ_| H$Nw> ôX Zmqh VmoC lrdm{_ZrOrH$m| Ho$db V{Z`m Yam`Ho$ H$moC
XeZ ImobV Zmqh A lrR>mHw$aOrHo$h bhJm Mmobr A gmar _| XeZ hmoV Zmqh
VogoB lr_hm^w VWm lr^wMaU _| JyT> nwfmom_^mdH$m| H$Q> H$[aHo$ ^pVar{V_|
agm^mg H$[adodmar ~R>H$OrZ_| J|X-N>S>r-MmonS> Y[aHo$ XeZ H$[admoh
C{MV Zmqh. AmMm`m^mdV| O~ Amn XmoC H$Q>o h| V~ AmMm`^mdmo{MV d
Am^yfU gmO godm hr C{MV ho. VmV| VwbgrH$s H$R>r, {VbH$, Jmo_wIr,
g`mH$mo gmO, lr_X^mJdVH$s nmoWr, YmoVr-CnaUmHo$ dm^yfU A gmOH$mohr
AmMm`^mdmo{MV OmZZm|&&11&&
&& Ego Jmodm_r lrXr{jVm_O `m_ _Zmoha mam {da{MV _bmMaUH$s
`m`m gnyU ^B &&
_bmMaU_
16
&& gdm}m_Vmo_ &&

(2)
lrJmoHw$bZmWOr H$V {dd{VHo$ g{jV ^mfmZwdmX g{hV
lrJwgmBOr, lr_hm^wOrHo$ A>momaeV Zm_ OmHo$ ^rVa h|, Ego
gdm}m_VmoH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|. gmo VmH$s Q>rH$m lrJwgmBO rHo$ nw lrJmoH$w bZmWOr
H$aV h|.
Zdm
{nV n Xm^mo O
gdm ^ r>Xm`H$ &
Vmo VmMm` Z mm{Z {dd[aò `Wm{V:&&
lrJmoHw$bZmWOr H$hV h| :h_ lrJwgmBOrHo$ MaUma{dXH$m| Z_H$ma
H$aV h|. AmnHo$ MaUma{dX Ho$go h|? ^VZH$m| ^JdX^pV_| Cn`moJr, `m
bmoH$g~Yr dVw, Xohg~Yr dVw Omo r-nw-YZm{XH$; A nabmoH$g~Yr
dVw Om_| nabmoH$ {g{ hmoB, {VZ gH$bHo$ XoZdmao MaUma{dXH$m| h_ Z_H$ma
H$aV h|. gmo lr_hm^wOrHo$ Zm_ZH$s Q>rH$m Oogr ~w{ ho Vm ^m{V h_ H$aV h|.
```mo Èdmh
VZm_{dd V m
dV:&
dr`do Z d H $ n`m `mo `Vm_{n Xm`{V&&
B{V {ddmgVmo Zy Z dV} @ h ZM A`Wm&
AVVEd
eaU
Z_:
gdm W { gò &&
lrJmoHw$bZmWOr H$hV h|:`{n lr_hm^wOrHo$ Zm_ZH$s Q>rH$m H$[adoH$s
_oao_| Vmo `mo`Vm Zmqh ho n[a lr_hm^w _moHw$ AnZmo Om{ZHo$ H$nm H$[aHo$ AnZo
Zm_ZH$s Q>rH$m H$[ado_| `mo`Vm XoBJo, `m {ddmgV| Q>rH$m H$[ado_| dm ^`mo
h, A`Wm Zmqh. VmV| lr_hm^wOrHo$ MaUma{dX hr _oar J{V h|. gmo dVwH$s
{g{ hmo`doHo$ {dfo A~ H$hV h|.
lrJwgmBOr lr_hm^wOrH$mo d$n A d$nHo$ mH$Q>Ho$ {dfo H$maU
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
17
H${hdoHo${bò W_ lrnyaZnwfmom_ d$nH$s Vw{V VrZ bmoH$Z H$[a H$aV h|,

_bHo${bò.
mH$V-Y_mZml`_ AmH$V-{Z{Ib-Y_$n{_{V&
{ZJ_{Vnm `V VV ew gmH $ {V Vm { _&&1&&
Ad`mW :
`V=Omo
mH$VY_mZml`_=H${VHo$ Y_Zgy na
AmH$V{Z{IbY_$n_=AmH$V
gdY_$n, B{V=Egmo
{ZJ_{Vnm=doX_| {Z${nV
VV=dmo, ew=ew
gmH${V=gmH$maH$s
Vm{_=Vw{V H$ h
^mdmW : {OZ_| mH$V Y_ H$moD$ Zmqh n[a {Z{Ib AmH$V Y_ hr h|, Egmo
{VnmXZ doXm{X em H$aV h|, Ego _m`m{XXmof a{hV, ew AmH${Vdmao
lrH$UH$s Vw{V _ H$aV h&&1&&
Q>rH$m : lrR>mHw$aOr Ho$go h|? mH$V Y_ Oogo gdJwU, aOmoJwU Amoa V_moJwU
{VZ H$[aHo$ a{hV h|. H$Xm{MV H$moB H$ho Ho$ V~ Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr {ZamH$ma hmo`
Jò! Vhm H$hV h|, Zht! lrR>mHw$aOr AmH$V h|. Abm{H$H$ AmZX_` XohBp`m{XH$ VmH$[a g{hV h|. Amoa `mhr ^m{V doXh {Z$nU H$aV ho. gmo Ego
ew AmZX_m-H$a-nmX-_wImoXam{X gmH$ma lrnyaZnwfmom_H$s h_ Vw{V
H$aV h|&&1&&
Vhm ò nydnj hmo` Omo Egmo d$n Vw_ H$hV hmo gmo gmMmo hmo` Vmo
emZHo$ Om{Zdodmao npS>V `m| Z H$ho? Vhm npS>VZHo$ AkmZ {dfo H$maU
H$hV h| :
H${bH$mb-V_N>Z-{>dmX
{dXw f m_{n&
g`{df`g V` _mhm` g_^y X ^w { d&&2&&
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
18
H$[a`Z=H$[adoH$s BN>mdmao ^ò
V`=dmH$mo, _mhm`=_mhm`
H${bH$mbV_N>Z{>dmX=
H${bH$mb$nr AYH$magy {>Ho$T>H$ Om`dogy
{dXwfm_{n={dmZZHw$ ^r
^w{d=ndrno
g{V=A^r
A{df`:=A{df`/{> AJmoMa
g_^yX=hmo` J`mo ho
^mdmW : Ego ew gmH$ma na~H$mo _mhm` H${bH$mbHo$ AYH$magm|

AmYaogo hmo` Om`doHo$ H$maZ, ^yVbno dV_mZH$mb_|, {dmZh H$moC Om{Z gH$V
Zmqh&&2&&
Q>rH$m : H${bH$mbHo$ H$maU AkmZ$nr AYH$magm| npS>VZH$s ~w{ N>m` ahr
ho. VmV| npS>VZH$m| lr^mJdV-doX BZ H$[aHo$ {OZH$mo {Z$nU H$[a`V ho gmo
lrnyaZnwfmom_H$mo _mhm` Om`mo Zmqh OmV ho. gmo H$moZ ^m{Vgm|? Oogo
AYH$ma H$[aHo$ T>mnr {>V| dVwH$mo kmZ Z hmoB. gmo H$mhoVo? Omo npS>VZH$m|
kmZ Zmqh gmo Vmgm| Omo do Vmo ^ybmoH$_| pWV h| Amoa lrnwfmom_H$mo d$n Vmo
dHw$R>_| pWV ho. gmo Vmgm| npS>VZH$m| lrnwfmom_Ho$ d$nH$mo dogmo kmZ Zmqh
hmoV ho Oogmo dHw$R>dmgrZH$m| kmZ hmoV ho&&2&&
Vhm nydnj hmo` Omo {Vhmamoh mJQ> Vmo ^ybmoH$_| hr ho Vmgm| Vw_H$m| `m|
_mhm`H$mo kmZ ho? gmo Vhm H$ma H$hVh| :
X``m {ZO_mhm` H$[a`Z H$Q> h[a:&
dm`m `Xm VXm dm` mXw ^ y V MH$ma {h&&3&&
`Xm=O~, h[a:=lrH$U
VXm=V~
{ZO_mhm`=AnZo _mhm`H$m|
dm`=AnZo _wIma{dXd$n
dm`m=dmUrV|
{h=hr
H$Q>=H$Q>
mXw^yV=H$Q>
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
19
MH$ma={H$`mo
^mdmW : O~ h[aZo AmnwZo _mhm`H$m| dmUrV| H$Q> H$[admo Mmmo V~ AmnwZo

_wIma{dXH$m|hr mXw^yV H$aV ^ò&&3&&
Q>rH$m : R>mHw$a H$~hH$ X`m H$[a AnZmo _mhm` H$ho h|. Egmo _hmV_ AnZo
dMZmam godH$ZHo${bò JQ> H$[adoH$s BN>m ^B V~ AnZo _wIma{dX$n
lr_hm^w {VZ ^rVa AnZo g~ Y_ amIrHo$ JQ> ^ò. gmo, `{X lr_hm^yZHo$
^rVa Amn mH$Q> Z H$aVo Vmo AmnwHo$ d$nH$mo kmZ H$mhH$m| Z hmoVmo. V~
g~ godH$ZH$m| Xw:I hmoVmo Omo h_H$m| nw{>_mJu` ^Jdd$nH$mo kmZ Zmqh. gmo
V~ R>mHw$a "h[a' hr Z H$hdmdVo! VmV| AmnwZ Om ^m{V "h[a' hr H$hdmd|
VmHo${bò lr_hm^wOrH$mo mJQ> {H$ò. gmo lr_hm^wZZ o OVm`mo gmo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$
d$nH$mo h_Hw$ kmZ ^`mo. gmo `m ^m{V AnZo kmZ {dfo H$maZ H$h|.
A~ Amoa AW H$hV h|. lrAmMmÒr gdJwU-aOmoJwU-V_moJwU {VZ
H$[aHo$ a{hV h|. VWm doXh `m ^m{Vgm| {dZH$mo dUZ H$aV ho. gH$b doX
lrnwfmom_d$nH$mo dUZ H$aVo ho gmo {dZHo$ _wIma{dXd$n lrAmMmÒrH$moh
dUZ H$aV ho. gmo Ego gmH$ma AmZX_m-H$a-nmX-_wImoXam{X$n Omo lr_hm^w
{VZH$s h_ Vw{V H$aV h|.
Vhm `h nydnj hmo` Omo lr_hm^wOrH$m| Vw_ Om ^m{V H$hV hmo dm ^m{V
H$moB Amoa `m| Zht OmZV h? gmo Vhm H$hV h|, H${bH$mb {dfo AkmZ$n Omo
AYH$ma Vm H$[aHo$ g~ZH$s ~w{={> AmN>m{XV ho. VmV| AmoaZH$m|
lr_hm^wOrHo$ d$nH$mo kmZ Zmqh hmoV ho. gmo H$mhoVo? Omo do bmoH$_| pWV
h| A lr_hm^w dHw$R>bmoH$_| pWV Omo nyUnwfmom_ {VZHo$ _wIma{dX$n h|,
gmo Vmgm| CZ(npS>VZ)H$m| kmZ Zmqh.
Vhm nydnj hmo` Omo Vw_H$m| lr_hm^wOrHo$ d$nH$mo kmZ `m| ho? gmo
Vhm H$hV h| Omo h_Hw$ Vmo nyUnwfmom_ H$nmH$[aHo$ AnZo dMZmam AnZmo
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
20
_mhm` OZm`doHo${bò lr_hm^wOrH$m| JQ> {H$ò V~ lrAmMmÒr Amn

AnZmo d$n OVmò V~ h_ OmZo&&3&&
VXw V_{n Xw ~ m} Y gw ~ mo Y `mX `Wm VWm&
VZm_m>mo maeV
d`m`{IbmKV &&4&&
Xw~m}Y_=H$>gy OmH$mo ~moY hmodo Egmo
A{n=h
gw~moY=gw~moY
`mV=hmo`
VWm=Vogo
VXwV={dZH$mo H$mo
`Wm=Oogo
A{IbmKV=g~ nmnZH$o h[adodmao
VZm_m>momaeV={dZHo$ 108 Zm_
d`m{_=H$h h
^mdmW : lr_hm^yZHo$ dMZZH$mo JyT>me` Vmo Om{Z g{H$dmo gab Zmqh n[a BZ
A>momaeV Zm_Ho$ nmR> {H$òVo Xw~m}Yh dMZ gw~moY o OmV h|&&4&&
Q>rH$m : Vhm H$hV h| Omo lr_hm^wOrHo$ H$hoV| Amoa H$moB `m| _mZo? Vhm H$hV
h| : lr^mJdV Zm_m_H$ ^Jdd$n ho, Vmgm| ^Jdd$nH$mo kmZ Vmo
lrR>mHw$aOrHw$hr hmo`. lr_hm^wOr Oo h| Vo nwfmom_ Omo lr^mJdV VmH$mo
{Z$nU H$aZdmao h|. {Z$nU Vmo dMZ$nhr, VmHo$ H$aZdmao lr_hm^w JQ>
hmo`H|$ lrgw~moYZrOr Am{X JW JQ> {H$ò. Voh A{V JyT>mW, {VZH$mo kmZ Amoa
H$moZH$m| hmo`! gmo godH$ZH$m|h Xw~m}Y ho. Amoa godH$ZH$m| O~ VmB kmZ Z hmo`
V~ VmB H$VmWVm Zmqh. VmHo${bò g~ZH$m| Om ^m{V kmZ{g{ hmo` VmHo${bò
Amoa Cnm` Zmqh hmo`dogw lr_hm^wOrHo$ EH$gmo AmR> Zm_ZH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|.
A~ lr_hm^wOrHo$ EH$gmo AmR> Zm_ZH$mo Abm{H$H$ AmZX_`d H$hV

h|. Omo g~ R>moa Ohm Zm_ZH$mo mJQ> H$mo ho Vhm _, F${f, N>X, XodVm
ò hmoV h|. gmo lr_hm^wOrHo$ Zm_ h| gmo Vmo Abm{H$H$ AmZX_` h| Vmgm|
BZH$mo JQ> H$aZdmao F${fH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h| :
F${fapZHw $ _maVw ZmZm N>Xmo OJ`gm &
lrH $ Um` Xo d Vm M ~rO H$m{UH$: ^w : &&5&&
(_$nmUm=_$n)
ZmZm=Zm_ZHo$
OJ{V=OJV_| N>X:=
(>m)F${f:=F${f, Vw=Vmo
ApZHw$_ma:= lr _hm^wOrHo$nw h|, Agm=ò
(Ap_Zod no `wV=`m bmoH$_|

hr `wV)
N>X, XodVm=XodVm
lrH$Um`=lrH$UH$mo _wI
~rO=~rO, M=^r
H$m{UH$:=X`mbw, ^w:=lrH$Uh|
^mdmW : _$n BZ A>momaeV Zm_ZHo$ ^yVbno _>m F${f Vmo ApZHw$_ma

lr^wMaU h|, N>X Vmo n_| `wV (AZww>n) N>X ho, XodVm lrH$UH$mo
_wIma{dX A ~rO _hmH$m{UH$ ^w h|&&5&&
gmo lr_hm^wOrHo$ Zm_ h| gmo {Z` h|. mJQ>V| n{hbo h h|, Oog|
lrnyUnwfmom_Ho$ Zm_ n{hbo h h| Vm ^m{V. Vmgm| {dZ Zm_ZHw$ JQ> _m H$aV
h|. ò Zm_ gw~mo{YZr Am{X JWZH$m| Om{Zdo_| {V~Y$n nmnH$m| Xy[a H$aZdmao
h| gmo A>momaeV Zm_ZH$m| H$Q> H$aV h|&&4&&
Q>rH$m : `m gdm}m_ VmoHo$ F${f ApZHw$_ma h|. Vhm nydnj hmoV ho Omo
ghZm_m{XH$ZH$mo mJQ> H$aZdmao dfnm`Zm{X Oo F${f h| gmo BZHo$ g_mZ
hmo`|J|! gmo ò Ame>m Xy[a H$[adoH$m| "Vw'eX H$ho. Vmgm| `h OZmdV h| Omo
EH$gmo AmR> Zm_ZH$m| JQ> H$aZdmao Amoa(=A`) F${fZH$s Anojm Abm{H$H$
OmZZm|. gmo H$mhoV|? lr_hm^yZHo$ EH$gmo AmR> Zm_ doX-nwamUZ_| {g Zmqh
Amoa A~ VmB H$moC OmZoh Zmqh. VmV| {dZHo$ OmZZdmao Oo F${f h|lrJwgmBOr
do g~ F${fZV| A{YH$ h|, Abm{H$H$ h|. gmo `mhrVo BZH$mo Zm_ "ApZHw$_ma'
ho.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
21
22
lrJwgmBOrHo$ JQ> {H$ò ò Zm_ {VZH$mo Omo H$moC nmR> H$ao VmH$m| nhbo
Vmo godmH$s {g{ hmoB, AmJo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ AYam_VH$mo AmdmXZ hmoB. gmo ò
\$b {g hmo`. gmo Oogo amgH$sS>m_| ApZHw$_ma JwUmVrV {VZ ^rVa lrdm{_ZrOrH$m|
am{IH|$ CZH$m| lrnyUnwfmom_ Amn bo`Ho$ nYmao V~ Vm g_| ApZHw$_ma
dm{_ZrOr $n ^ò. gmo Cn[a ApZHw$_m[aH$m$n A ^rVa lrdm{_ZrOr$n
h|. gmo JQ> AW ò ho Omo ^pV_mJHo$ {dVmamW ~mUdofgm| ApZ$n
lrAmMmÒr {VZHo$ nw$n Amnw Jmodm_r lr{dQ>R>bZmWOr h| gmo Vmgm|
"ApZHw$_ma' H$ho. A ^rVa ApZHw$_ma ge lrdm{_ZrOr $n h|. gmo `m
^m{V F${fH$mo $n H${hHo$ N>XH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|.
N>X Vmo Amoah ghZm_ZH$mo Amoa A>momaeVZm_ZH$mo Omo OJV_| {g
ho gmo gdm}m_Vmoh H$mo N>X ho. ò {Z$nU H$[a A~ XodVmH$mo {Z$nU H$aV
h|:
gdm}m_VmoHo$ XodVm-\$bXmVm Vmo `j XeZ Xo`dodmao lrH$Um`
lr_hm^wOr h|. gmo \$bHo$ XmVm A nw{>_mJu` \$bH$mo ^moJ H$aZdmaoh h|.
Vhm A~ nydnj hmo` Omo nw{>_mJu` \$b Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ AYam_VH$mo
AmdmXZ ho gmo Vmo ~m{XH$ZH$m|h Xwb^ ho. VmH$mo XmZ AnZo godH$ZH$m| `m|
H$aV h|? gmo Vhm ~rOd$n H$hV h| Omo lr_hm^wOr H$m{UH$ h|. gmo AnZo
godH$Zno _hm X`mdV h|. gmo H$moZ ^m{Vgm|? Vhm H$hV h| Omo Amoa AmMm`ZH$s
ZmB AnZo godH$ZH$m| _wpVH$mo XmZ H$a| Vmo nw{>_maJH$mo \$b H$mhH$mo hmoVmo Zmqh,
V~ H$moC "nw{>_mJu'h Z H$hdmdVo. gmo AnZo godH$ZH$m| lr_hm^wOr g~
OrdZVo `mao H$[a d` JQ> {H$`mo Omo nw{>_maJ VmH$mo \$bXmZ H$[a g~
OrdZV| ~S>o {H$ò. gmo Ego X`mdV lr_hm^wOr h|.
Vhm nydnj hmo` Omo nw{>_maJH$mo \$b Vmo H$moC OmZV Zmqh. Amoa
lrR>mHw$aOrZoh `m \$bHw$ AnZo AVa ^VZ hr _| JQ> {H$`mo ho. gmo VmH$m|
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
23
Xo`doH$s gm_` lr_hm^yZ_| Ho$go g^do? Vhm H$hV h| Omo Amn "^w' h|.
Amn ^w h| Vmgm| A`V AgmYmaU gm_`dmao h|. Omo \$b lrR>mHw$aOr XmZ
H$a| gmo hr \$b AmMmÒrh XmZ H$aV h|&&5&&
gmo `m H$ma lrgdm}m_VmoH$mo ~rO Am{XH$mo CnnmXZ H$arHo$ A~ `m
VmoH$mo {dZ`moJ H$hV h| :
{d{Z`mo J mo
^pV`mo J -{V~Y-{dZmeZo &
H $ UmYam_ V mdmX-{g{a Z g e `:&&6&&
^pV`moJ-{V~Y-{dZmeZo=
^pV`moJ_|
AmdVo {V~YZH$m| {dZme-H$[ado_|
(A` Vmo`=`m VmoH$mo)
{d{Z`moJ:=Cn`moJ ho
(VoZ=Vmgy )
H$UmYam_VmdmX{g{:=lrH$UHo$
AYam_VHo$ AmdmXH$s {g{
A=`m_|, Zge`:=ge`Zmht
^mdmW : BZ A>momaeV Zm_ZHo$ nmR>H$mo {d{Z`moJ ^pV`moJ_| AmdVo

{V~YZH$mo {dZme H$[ado_| ho. VmV| lrH$UHo$ AYam_VmdmX (d$nmZXHo$
^moV^md)H$s {g{ hmodV ho Vhm ge` Zmqh&&6&&
Q>rH$m : lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm_| AmdVo {OVZo {V~Y h| {VZH$m| Xy[a H$[ado_|
gdm}m_VmoH$mo `moOZ ho. Amoa na_\$b Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo AYam_VH$mo
AmdmXZ ho. gmo H$moZ ^m{Vgm|? gmo OmH$mo Oogmo A{YH$ma ho Vm ^m{VHo$ \$bH$mo
AZw^d hmo`Jmo. Oogo O~ lrR>mHw$aOr doUwZmX {H$ò V~ doUwZmXmam g~ dj
bVm g~ZHw$ Vm ^m{VH$mo AZw^d {X`mo. gmo OmH$mo Oogmo A{YH$ma VmH$m| Vmhr
^m{V gdm}m_VmoHo$ nmR>Vo \$b hmo`Jmo&&6&&
1
AmZX: 2 na_mZX: 3 lrH $ Um` 4 H $ nm{Z{Y:&

lrgdm}m_Vmo_
24
X d mo ma`Zm_m
_ { V_mm{V Z meZ:&&7&&
AmZX:
lrAmMmÒr AmZXd$n h|.
mH$Q> Vmo A` ^`mo. gmo VmH$mo H$hm H$maU? gmo `h gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHo${bò
`h Zm_ H$hVh|:
H$nm-{Z{Y:
lrAmMmÒr H$nmHo$ {Z{Y h|.
`m ^m{V \$bn`V {Z$nU H$[a O~ lrJwgmBOr lr_hm^yZHo$ Zm_ZH$mo

{Z$nU H$aZ bmJo V~ d$nH$mo _aU ^`mo V~ nhbo `h Om`mo Omo
lr_hm^wOr AmZX$n h| Vmgy AmnHw$ "AmZX' H$mo.
na_mZX
lrAmMmÒr na_mZXd$n h|.
nmN>o AJbmo Zm_ {dMmaZ bmJo. gmo V~ _Z_| {dMmao Omo AmZX Vmo
Aja_| ho Amoa nyUnwfmom__|h ho VmV| gXoh hmo` Omo lr_hm^wOr H$hm AjaHo$
AmZX$n hm|`Jo? gmo `h gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHo${bò Zm_ H$hV h| "na_mZX:'.
`{n lrAmMmÒr lrnyUnwfmom_mZX$n h| VWm{n ^ybmoH$_| JQ>
hmo`dogm| Vyn Ho$go H$ho Om`| VmHo$ gm_mYmZmW H$hV h|:
lrH$Um`_
lrAmMmÒr lrH$UHo$ lr_wId$n h|.
lrdm{_ZrOr VWm dO^V {VZ g{hV H$U gpMXmZX \$b$n
ewnw{>_mJu` na_m_ dVw lrnyUnwfmom_ {VZHo$ lr_wId$n Amn h|.
Vhm `h gXoh hmo` Omo lr_hm^wOr lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ _wIma{dX$n h| gmo
lrnyUnwfmom_Ho$ g_mZ ^ò. Ego lr_hm^wOrH$mo mJQ> Oogo lrH$UH$mo
mH$Q> Abm{H$H$ dO_| ^`mo hVmo Ego Wb_| hmoZmo M{hò. n[a AmnH$mo
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
25
lr_hm^wOr Abm{H$H$H$nm-g{hV h|. gmo {OZ OrdZHo$ D$na H$nm

H$[admo MmhV h| do Vmo `m bmoH$_| H$Q>o h| Vmgm| Amnh `hm H$Q> Z hmodVo Vmo
{VZH$mo Cma Z hmoVmo. gmo V~ lr_hm^wOr Amn "H$nm{Z{Y' Z H$hodmdVo. VmV|
Amnh `m bmoH$_| JQ> ^ò. {Z{Y Vmo AJmY hmo`doV| g~ZH$m| n[anyU H$aV ho.
Vmgm| lr_hm^wZ mam H${Q>V ^pV^mJ_| ArH$V g~{hZH$m| `Wm{YH$ma
ÔZmZX ($n \$b) hmo`Jmohr.
Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo do H$moZ Ord h| {OZHo$ H$mO lr_hm^wZH$m| ^yVbno
H$Q> hmoZmo n`m}? gmo AmJoHo$ Zm_Vo OZmdV h|:
Xdmoma-`Zm_m
Xdr OrdZHo$ Cma{dfo `Z`wV ho AV:H$aU {OZH$mo Ego lr_hm^wOr
h|.
Vhm Xdr g{>Ho$ Ord Xmo` ^m{VHo$ h|. gmo {H$VZoH$ Vmo Ego h| {OZH$mo
gmYZar{Vgm| Cma ho. Omo gmYZ H$a| Vmo Cma hmoB. Vo Vmo doX-nwamU_| Omo
gmYZ H$ho h| {VZH$mo H$[adoVo H$VmW hm|BJo. {VZHo$ AW lr_hm^yZH$mo mJQ>
Zmqh ho. XdrOrdZ_| Xygao nw{>_mJu` Ord h|. {VZH$mo Cma lrR>mHw$aOr
_`mXm_maJHo$ gmYZ {~Zm hr H$a|Jo. gmo CZ OrdZH$mo Vmo gmjmV lrR>mHw$aOrgm|
d$ng~Yhr \$b ho. Vm \$bHo$ gmYZ doX-nwamUZ_| Vmo {g ho Zmqh, gmo
(gmYZ) Vmo ew nw{>_mJu` hmo` VmhrHw$ kmZ hmo`, AmoaZHw$ Z hmo`. `{X
lr_hm^wOr Amn JQ> Z hmoVo Vmo nw{>_maJ dWm hmo` OmVmo. VmHo${bò
lr_hm^wOrH$mo mJQ> ho. gmo `h OVm`doHo${bò "Xdmoma`Zm_m' `h
Zm_H$ho.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
26
A~ H$hV h| Omo nw{>_maJr` OrdZHo$ _Z_| A` _maJH$mo \$b Vmo AmdV

Zmqh. Amoa AnZo nw{>_maJr` gmYZ-\$b BZH$m| kmV Zmqh h|. VmV| lrAmMmÒr
_hm^yZHo$ mJQ>V| n{hbo godH$ZH$mo Cma Ho$go ^`mo hmo`Jmo? gmo H$mhoVo Omo
nw{>_maJH$mo gmYZ-\$b Vmo OmZV Zmqh. VmV| O~ lr_hm^wOr Amn JQ> ^ò
V~ BZHo$ MaUma{dXHo$ _aU_mV| godH$ZH$m| gmYZ-\$bH$mo kmZ ^`mo. V~
Cma ^`mo. AmaVr-boe Xya ^ò. gmo `h OVm`doH$o {bò H$hV h| Omo lr_hm^wOr
Amn Ho$go h|?
_{V-_mm{V-ZmeZ:
AmnH$mo _aU_m H$aV h| {VZ godH$ZH$s Amn Ama{V Xy[a H$aZdmao h|.
gmo Vhm Omo H$moC A`_maJrh lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$mo _mhm` Om{ZHo$
_aU H$ao Vmo dmhH$s Ama{V Xya OmV ho Omo Egmo lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$mo
d$n ho&&7&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$mo d$n Oo OmZV h| Vo Vmo
nw{>^pV_maJHw$ _mU H$h|, n[a Oo npS>VOZ AmnH$mo d$n Zmqh OmZV h|
{VZHo$ _Z_| gXoh hmoV ho Omo nw{>_maJ_| _yb H$hm. {VZH$mo gXoh Xy[a
H$[adoHo${bò lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$mo Zm_ H$hV h|:
7
lr^mJdV-JyT>mW-H$meZ-namÙ:&
8
gmH$ma-~ dmX H $-WmnH$mo 9 do X nmaJ:&&8&&
lr^mJdV-JyT>mW-H$meZ-namÙ:
lr^mJdVHo$ JyT>-JwV A`H$[aHo$ AkmV Ego AWHw$ JQ> H$[ado_| Amn
namÙ-Vna h|.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
27
`m Zm__| Amoa emZH$mo Zm_ Zmqh {bò, _m lr^mJdVH$mo Zm_ {bò

h| VmV| `m nw{>_maJH$mo _yb lr^mJdV hr ho. `m| Omo? dm_| nw{>_maJ H$mo
ho. Vhm ò nydnj hmo` Omo lr^mJdVH$mo Vmo g~ H$moC `m`mZ H$aV ho. `{X
Chm nw{>_maJ hmoB Vmo Amoah H$moC OmZ|! Vhm A~ Amoah AmJo H$hV h| Omo g~
H$moC lr^mJdVH$mo `m`mZ H$aV h| n[a dm_| JwV \$b$n Omo nw{>_maJ ho
VmH$mo kmZ H$mhHw$ ho Zmqh, gmo lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZHw$ ho VmV| Amnw JQ>
{H$`mo. Vhm ò nydnj hmo` Omo lr^mJdV_| Vmo _wpVH$m| \$b$n H$mo ho,
nw{>_mJH$mo \$b H$hm H$mo ho? Vhm A~ H$hV h| Omo lr^mJdV_| _wpVH$mo
\$b ^pVaghr H$mo ho. Amoa `m| H$mo ho Omo ^pVagHo$ AmJo _wpV Am{X
g~ VwN> ho. ò g~ {Z$nU lr_hm^wOr Amn {H$ò h| VmhrV| `h Zm_ H$ho
h|. lr^mJdVH$mo JyT>mW VmHo$ H$me H$[ado {dfo {dMma`wV lr_hm^wOr Amn
h|.
gmo A~ `h nydnj hmo` Omo nw{>_mJH$mo \$b Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ d$nH$mo
AZw^d ho. lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo d$n Vmo "{ZamH$ma' H$mo ho, VmH$mo AZw^d Ho$go
hmo`? `h gXoh Xya H$[adoHo${bò A~ lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$mo ò Zm_ H$hV
h|:
gmH$ma-~-dmXH$-WmnH$:
lr_hm^wOr gmH$ma ~dmXH$mo WmnZ H$aZdmao h|.
lr_hm^wOr Amn Ho$go h|? Omo gmH$ma=gd Bp`Z H$[aH|$ AZw^d
H$[ado `mo` Amoa AmZX_m-H$anmX_wImoXam{X Ego Omo lrnyUnwfmom_ {VZH$mo
`wpVg{hV WmnZ H$aZdmao h|. VmV| nw{>_mJu` \$bH$mo AZw^d ^br^m{Vgm|
hmo`Jmo `h OmZZmo.
A~ `h nydnj hmo` Omo A` h AmMm`ZZo ~Hw$ gmH$ma Vmo H$mohr
ho Vm_| lr_hm^yZH$mo d{e> H$hm? `m e>mH$mo g_mYmZ H$[adoHo$ AW
AmJoH$mo lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$mo Zm_ H$hV h|:
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
28
gd-dm{X-{Zamg-H$V
doX{d AW H$[adodmao gd dm{XZH$mo IS>Z H$[adodmao lrAmMmÒr h|.
doX-nmaJ:
AmMmÒr gnyU doXHo$ kmVm h.
lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo d$n (AmH$ma) bm{H$H$ ZoZgy Vmo Xo`mo Z OmB. Vmgm|
Om ^m{V doX_| H$ho h| Vmhr ^m{Vgy OmZZmo. Amoa {ZamH$ma d$n, gmoh doXhr
H$hV ho. n[a gnyU doXH$mo kmZ A`ZH$m| Zmqh ho, `mhrV| Wmoar lw{V Om{ZHo$
AnZo _ZHo$ AmJhgy {ZamH$ma d$nH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|. VmV| CZH$mo H$mo
_mU Z _mZZmo Amoa lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZHw$ Vmo doXH$s gJar emImZH$mo A
Cn{ZfXZH$mo kmZ ho, gmo Vmgm| {dMma H$aV Omo gmH$ma-{ZamH$ma C^`
d$nH$mo {ZM` ^`mo gmo {Z$nU {H$ò. VmV| _mU _mZZmo. VmV| `h Zm_ H$ho
"doXnmaJ:'&&8&&
10
_m`mdmX{ZamH$Vm
12
^pV_mJm O_mV S>:
11
gd d m{X{ZamgH $ V &
13
rey mw { Vj_:&&9&&
_m`m-dmX-{ZamH$Vm
g~ H$Nw> {_`m-_m{`H$ ho Egmo {Z$nU H$[adodmamo Omo _m`mdmX VmH$mo
Amn {ZdmaU H$[adodmao h|.
`{n AmJo Omo Xmo Zm_ H$ho Omo Amn gmH$ma~dmXH$mo WmnZ H$[adodmao
h| A Amn doXnmaJ h| Vmgm| hr _m`mdmXH$mo {ZamH$aU Vmo hmoB J`mo VWm{n nwZ:
ò Zm_ H${hdoH$mo Ame` ò ho Omo _m`mdmX gdWm doX {d ho. Vmgm| VmH$mo
{ZamH$aU Ad` H$aZmo M{hò. Vmgm| {^Z Zm_ H$ho. _m`m dmXr H$hV h| Omo
_m`mVo H$Q> hmo`dogy g~ H$Ny> {_`m ho. gmo ò dmX doX{d ho. gmo H$mhoVo?
Omo doX_| g~ dVwH$m| g` H$ho h|, VmV| `h doX{d dmX ho. VmhH$m| Xy[a {H$ò.
gmo lr_hm^wOr Amn Ego h| `h OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$h|.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
29
A~ H$hV h| Omo _m`mdmXgo (ge) Amoa h Oo doX{d dmX h|. gmo H$mZ
^m{Vgm|? Omo CZ emZ(dmXZ)_| H$mo ho Omo kmZ-BN>m-`Z ò Y_
Bda_| h| n[a AmZXd$n Zmqh H$ho. gmo Vmgm| `mèmH$mo _V doX{d
ho. Amoa H$__mJu H$_Hw$hr _w` H$[a _mZV h|, BdaHw$ _mZVhr Zmqh.
gm`dmXr H${V-nwfhrHw$ _w` _mZV h|. gmo Vmgm| BVa ~hV _V doXgy
{d h|. {dZ g~ _VZH$mo lr_hm^wOr Amn {Zamg {H$òh|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo Amn gd dmXZH$mo {Zamg {H$ò h|, V~ H$moZ Y_H$mo
AmMaU H$aV h|? gmo `h gXoh Xy[a H$adoHo${bò `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
^pV-_mJmO-_mVS>
^pV_maJ$n Omo H$_b VmHo$ "_mVS>' gmo gy`$n=H$meHo$ H$aZdmao
h|.
`m H$[aHo$ `h OVm` Omo ^pVem, Oo lr^mJdV-JrVm, _| Oo Y_ H$ho
h| {VZH$mo AmMaU H$aZdmao h|. lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZZo ^pVem JhU {H$`mo
ho. Amoa ^pV_maJHw$ "H$_b' H$ho VmV| H$_b Oogo _hmgwIH$mo XoZdmamo ho Vm
^m{Vgy ^pV_maJHw$ Amoa _maJH$s Anojm _hmgwI$n OmZZmo. Amoa lrAmMmÒr
_hm^yZH$m| gy`$n H$mo gmo Vmgm| H$_bH$mo H$meZ Oog| gy` H$ao ho Vog|
^pV_maJH$mo H$meZ H$aZdmao lr_hm^wOr h|; Amoa H$moC Zmqh ho. Amoa gy`
H$[a H$m{eV Oo H$_b VmHo$ ag^moVm ^_a h|, gmo Vm ^m{V lrAmMmÒr
_hm^yZHo$ mam JQ> {H$`mo Omo ^pV_maJ Vm_| agHo$ ^moVm(Oo Ord) gmo
{OZH$mo lr_hm^wOr ArH$ma {H$ò h| Vo Ord hr h| Amoa Zmqh h|. Oogo gy`
AmoaZH$m| VmnH$mo H$maU ho n[a H$_bHo$ ^rVa Omo ^_a h| {VZH$m| AmZX
CnOmdZdmamo ho, `m ^m{V lr_hm^wOr h|. gmo A`_maJr`ZH$m| Vmn CnOmdZdmao
h|. gmo `h OVm`doHo${bò "^pV_mJmO_mVS>' `h Zm_ H$ho.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
30
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZHo$ mJQ>Ho$ n{hbo _`mXm_mJ

hVmo, Amoa H$moC _mJ hVmo Zmqh. AVEd lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ `j XeZV|h _wMwHw$X
amOmH$m| _wpV Zmqh ^B. H$mhoV|? Omo dmo jr` hVmo. `mhrV| AmJo Om`Ho$
_wMwHw$X amOm ~mUH$mo O_ nmBHo$ H$VmW ^`mo. `mgw _`mXm_maJ_| ~mUHw$hr
_wpV hmodo ho, AmoaHw$ Zmqh. lr_hm^wOr ~mU-jr`-d`-ey-r
g~ZH$mo nw{>_mJ JQ> H$ar Vm_| ArH$ma {H$ò Amoa g~ZH$mo Cma {H$ò h|.
Amoa _wpVhVo A{YH$ \$bH$mo XmZ {H$ò. gmo Ego lr_hm^wOr h|. gmo `h
OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$hVh|:
r-eymw{V-j_:
lrAmMmÒr r-eym{XH$ gH$b OrdZH$mo Cma H$[adodmaoh|.
AnZo gm_` H$[a g~ OrdZHo$ Cma H$[ado_| lr_hm^wOrhr g_W h|.
VmV| r-eym{XH$ gH$bH$mo Cma {H$ò h|&&9&&
14
ArH $ ` d
Jmo n re-db^rH $ V-_mZd:&
15
ArH$Vm g_`mXmo 16_hmH$m{UH$mo 17{d^w:&&10&&
Vhm `h nydnj hmo` Omo nw{>_maJH$mo \$b Vmo dO^VZH$m| {g ^`mo ho.
Vhmh gmYZ Xo{I`V h|. gmo H$hm? Omo KaH$mo n[a`mJ H$[a gd$n lrR>mHw$aOrH$m|
OmZo V~ \$bH$s {g{ ^B. gmo Vm ^m{V Vw_ Vmo `hm H$hV hmo Omo lr_hm^wOr
Amnw Om OrdH$mo ArH$ma H$a| VmH$m| nw{>nwfmom_ XmZ H$ao h|. gmo {~Zm gmYZ
`h Ho$go g^d ho? gmo `h gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHo${bò `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
ArH$`d Jmonre-db^rH$V-_mZd:
ArH$ma_m H$[aH|$ gmjmV lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ {` H$ao h| Ord {OZZ| Ego
lrAmMmÒr h|.
dO^VZHw$ gdm_^mdm{X gmYZ H$[aHo$ lrR>mHw$aOr Amn Oo-Oo \$bXmZ
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
31
{H$ò h| dm_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$s H$nmhr H$maU ho. Amoa Bhm lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZHo$
ArH$ma_mV| lrR>mHw$aOr gZ hmo`Ho$ \$bXmZ H$aV h| V~ Amoa gmYZ
H$mhoH$m| H$[aò!
Vhm `h nydn j hmo` Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH $o ArH$ma_mV| lrR>mHw$aOr
`m| gZ hm|`? Vhm H$hV h| Omo lrR>mHw$aOr Amn Oogo dO^VZgy brbm
H$aV nade ^ò h| Vmhr ^m{Vgm| brbm ^rVaHo$ ({OZ OrdZH$m|) lr_hm^wOr
Amn ArH$ma {H$ò h| Vo Ordh lrR>mHw$aOrHw$ ~hmoV {` hmoV h|. VmV|
lrR>mHw$aOr CZHw$ \$bXmZ H$[ado_| gmYZ Zmqh XoIV h|, gmYZ {~Zm hr \$bXmZ
H$aV h|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo lr_hm^wOr Amn ArH$ma H$ao h| V~ lrR>mHw$aOr
\$bXmZ H$aV h|. Omo lr_hm^wOr Amn H$mZ ^m{Vgm| ArH$ma H$aV h|? Vhm
H$hV h|:
ArH$Vm g_`mXmo
lr_hm^wOr ^pV_mJH$s _`mXm g{hV OrdH$mo ArH$ma H$[adodmao h|.
Omo ArH$ma {dfo ^pV_mJH$s _`mXm Ho$gr ho? gmo H$hV h| Omo
lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZHo$ ArH$maV| nhbo Ord `m| OmZo Omo H$hm _ _wpVhVo
A{YH$ lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$mo gmjmV g~Y nm`Ho$ H$VmW hmoCJmo! Amoa
H$hm _oamo Egmo _ZmoaW {g hmo`Jmo! gmo `h Om{ZHo$ nhbo Amngm| mWZm H$ao
Omo ""Vw_ _m|H$mo AnZmo H$amo''. gmo `m ^m{V mWZm H$[a O~ AmnH$s eaU Amdo
V~ Amnw H$nm H$[a AnZo {ZH$Q> ~wbm`Ho$ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ g_wI ~oR>m`Ho$
_maJH$s ar{Vgy CnXoe H$[a nmN>o lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| gm|{nHo$ nmN>o AnZmo Om{Z
drH$ma H$ao h| Omo""`h _oamo ho''. V~ lrR>mHw$aOr Amn \$bXmZ H$a|. gmo `m
ar{Vgm| ArH$ma H$aV h|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo Ord Vmo AnZo CmaHo${bE ~hVoamo OVZ H$aV ho Amoa
H$aoJmo n[a Amn _wpVhVo A{YH$ \$bH$mo XmZ `m| H$aV h|? VhmH$hVh|:
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
32
_hmH$m{UH$:
{OVZo dUdmMm` h| {VZZ| AnZo godH$ZHw$ _`mXm^pVH$mo CnXoe H$ar
_wpVH$mo XmZ {H$ò. gmo do g~ H$m{UH$ X`merb H$hdmò. Vm ^m{V `{X
lr_hm^wOr Amnh XmZ H$aVo Vmo CZOogo Amnh "H$m{UH$' H$hdmdVo. n[a
Amnw Vmo _wpVhVo A{YH$gmjmV nw{>^pV_mJgm| g~Y {g H$aV h| VmV|
"_hmH$m{UH$' H$hoh|.
A~ `h gXoh hmo` Omo nw{>_mJHo$ \$bH$m| {g H$aZdmamo A~ VmB Z
H$moC Xo`mo Z gw`mo. Vmo Egmo \$bXmZ Amn Ho$go H$[a gH$V h|? V~ AmJo
AmnH$mo `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
{d^w:
AXo`XmZXj
lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ A{V[aV Amoa H$moC Xo` Z gH|$ Egmo XmZ Xo`dodmao lrAmMmÒr
h|.
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AmMm`ZZoh XmZ {H$`mo ho. Vm ^m{V lr_hm^wOrh _wpVH$mo XmZ H$a| Vmo Amoa
g~ AmMm`ZH$s ~am~a Amnh Z ^ò! V~ Vmo AmnH$mo mJQ> dWm hmo`
OmVmo! AV: Amn Ho$go h| Omo lrR>mHw$aOr {gdm` Amoa H$mhgm| Omo \$bXmZ {H$`mo
Z Om gHo$ VmHw$ Xodo_| gm_`dmZ h|. `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_H$mo.
A~ H$hV h| Omo XmVm hmo` gmo Vmo nm Xo{IHo$ XmZ H$ao. lrAmMmÒr `{X
OrdZH$s `mo`VmH$mo {~Mma H$a| V~ Vmo OrdZH$mo H$hm {R>H$mZmo bJo! gmo gXoh
Xy[a H$[adoH$m| H$hVh|:
lr_hm^w gdg_W h|.

A~ H$hV h| Omo nw{>_mJH$mo \$b Amoa H$moC Zmqh Xo gHo$ ho. VmHo$ Xodo_|
Vmo _m lr_hm^wOrhr g_W h|. A` Omo AmMm` h| Vo _`mXm^pV_mJHo$
gmYZ Amoa \$b H$mohr {dMma {H$ò h|, VmV| dm \$bhrH$mo XmZ H$aV h|. {dZZo
Amoa H$Nw> Vmo {dMma {H$`mo Zmhr Vmo XodoH$mo gm_` H$hmVo hmo`? lrAmMmÒr
_hm^yZH$mo g~ZVo A{YH$ gm_` h| gmo `h OVm`doHo${bò "{d^w' `h Zm_
H$ho&&10&&
18
19
AXo ` -XmZ-XjM
_hmo X ma-M[admZ &
20
mH $ VmZw H $ {V`mO-_mo { hVmgw a -_mZw f :&&11&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo `m nw{>_mJH$mo \$b Vmo doXhH$m| Xwb^ ho. gmo VmH$mo XmZ
lr_hm^wOr Amn `m| H$aV h|? gmo `h gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHo${bò `h Zm_ H$hV
h|:
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
33
_hmoXmaM[admZ
lrAmMmÒr _hmZ CXma M[admao h|.
lr_hm^wOr Ho$db XmVm hm|` V~ Vmo nm Xo{IHo$ XmZ H$a|, n[a Amn Vmo
CXmaVm g{hV XmVm h|. Ho$db XmVm Amoa CXma-XmVm _| BVZmo AVa ho Omo
Ho$db XmVm hmo` gmo Vmo XmZ_| VrWH$mo {dMma H$ao, \$bHw$ {dMmao, nm-Anm
{dMm[aHo$ XmZ H$ao; Amoa CXmaXmVm Vmo AnZmo ghO CXmaVmHo$ Y_ H$[anmH$mo
{dMma {H$ò {~Zm XmZ H$ao. (gmo Amn Ego gm_`dmZ h| Omo OmHw$ XmZ H$ao gmohr
nm ~{Z Om`) `h OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$ho.
A~ H$hV h| Omo Vw_ `h H$ho Omo CXmaVm {dfo Amn Vmo nm-Anm
{dMmao {~Zm XmZ H$aV h|, Vmo `h gm_` Vmo lrnyUnwfmom__| g^do Amoa
lr_hm^wOrH$mo mJQ> Vmo bm{H$H$ nM_| ho Amoa bm{H$H$ g~ Y_h XrgV
h|. gmo H$hV h| Omo Amn lrnyUnwfmom_ h|. gmo `h OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$hV
h|:
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
34
mH$VmZwH${V-`mO-_mo{hVmgwa-_mZwf:
lrAmMmÒr bm{H$H$ _Zw` Oogmo AmMaU H$[aHo$ Amgwar OrdZHw$ _moh
CnOmdV h|.
lr_hm^wOr Ho$go h|? Omo gmYmaU bm{H$H$ OrdZH$s ZmB AmMma H$aV
h|. Vm H$[aHo$ Amgwar OrdZHw$ _moh(^_) CnOmdV h|. Vmgm| do `h OmZV h|
Omo Amn gmYmaU _Zw` h|.
Vhm `h nydnj hmo` Omo bm{H$H$ZH$s ZmB AmMaU Xo{IHo$ Xdr OrdZHw$h
`m| _moh Z hmo`? Vhm H$hV h| Omo Amgwar AWdm Amgwamdoer OrdZHw$ hr _moh
hmoV ho. gmo H$moZ ^m{Vgm|? Oogo O~ lrR>mHw$aOr lrXodH$sOrHo$ J^_| nYmao V~
`h Xo{IHo$ H$gZo Om`mo Omo _oao _m[adoHo${bò lrnyUnwfmom_ J^_| Amò h|. Vm
nmN>| nyVZmHw$ nR>m`r. nyVZm Chm Om`Ho$ bm{H$H$ ~mbH$H$s ZmB Om{ZHo$ VZnmZ
H$adm`mo. Omo `h g~ _moh Amgwar OrdZHw$ ^`mo. Amoa Xdr Ord Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrHw$
J^_| Xo{IHo$ `h OmZo Omo `h Vmo lrnyUnwfmom_ h|, H$hm ^`mo Omo J^_| Amò!
Omo `h BZH$s brbm ho Amoa `h Vmo h_mao ajH$ h| `h Om{ZHo$ Vw{Vhr {H$ò
h|. Vogohr Xdr Ord OmZV h| Omo lr_hm^wOr lrnyUnwfmom_$n h| Amoa h_mamo
Cma H$aZdmao h|. Amoa Oo Agwa h| Vo AmnHo$ bm{H$H$dV AmMaU Xo{IHo$ _mo{hV
hmoV h|. gmo `m| H$hV h| Omo Amn Amoa g~ bmoJZH$s ZmB bm{H$H$ h|. Omo `m|hr
OmZV ho. `h OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$ho&&11&&
21
d dmZamo 22 db^m` 23 gy n mo 24{hVH $ V gVm_ &
25
OZ-{ejm-H$Vo H$U-^pV-H$Z 26{Z{Ibo>X:&&12&&
A~ ò e>m hmoV ho Omo XmofZgy Mya OrdZH$mo Cma Amn Ho$go H$aV h|?
Vhm `h H$hV h|:
ddmZa
lr_hm^wOr Abm{H$H$ ApZ$n h|.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
35
lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo _wI ho gmo ApZ$n ho. Amoa lr_hm^wOr Amn dm

Abm{H$H$ _wIma{dX$n ApZH$mo AdVma h|, gmo Abm{H$H$ ApZ$n h|. Vmgm|
Xmofdmao OrdZHo$ g~ XmofZHw$ Amn Abm{H$H$ ApZV| ^_ H$[a S>maV h|. Vmgm|
`h Zm_ H$mo.
A~ e>m hmoV ho Omo lr_hm^wOr Amn Abm{H$H$ ApZ$n h| gmo BZH$mo
VoO ^VZgm| Ho$go gmo OmV hmo`Jmo? V~ ^VZgm| godmh ^br^m{Vgm| H$[a
Z Om{V hmo`Jr! `h gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHo${bò `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
db^m`:
lrAmMmÒr ^VZHw$ {` h|.
bm{H$H$ ApZHo$ VoO_| KQ>Vr-~T>Vr hmoV ho. gmo Vmgm| erVH$mb_| gwIX
bmJV ho n[a CUH$mb_| gmo Zmqh OmV. n[a lr_hm^wOr Vmo Abm{H$H$
ApZ$n, lrnyUnwfmom_Ho$ _wIma{dX$n, AmZX$n h|. gmo gXm {` h|,
H$~h A{` Zmht h|. Amn Abm{H$H$ ApZ$n hmo`donah gXm {` hmoV h| `h
OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$ho.
A~ e>m hmoV ho Omo bmoH$_| Omo {` nXmW ho dmo H$~hH$ H$moC {Z{_m
nmBHo$ A{` hmoV ho. gmo `h gXoh Xya H$[adoHw$ H$hV h|:
gyn:
bmoH$_| {` Vmo gwI ho. Amoa r-nwm{XH$ Oo {` hmoV h| gmo H$~hH$
gwI CnmOmdV h| VmhrVo {` hmoV h| na gwI$n Vmo Zmqh h|. VmhrVo H$~hH$
A{`h hmoV h|. Amoa lr_hm^wOr Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ _wIma{dX$n gpMXmZX
gwI$n h|. VmhrV| lr_hm^wOr Amn gXm {` h|. `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_
H$mo.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
36
^ò h|. gmo `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho.

A~ H$hV h| Omo godH$ZHw$ AnZo-AnZo ^md H$[aHo$ ^m{V-^m{VHo$
_ZmoaW CnOV hm|BJo, V~ Om godH$H$mo _ZmoaW nyU ^`mo Z hmoBJmo Vm godH$Hw$
lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZ_| r{V KQ>Vr hmo`Jr? `h gXoh Xy[a H$[adoH$m| Zm_
H$hV h|:
gVm {hVH$V
lrAmMmÒr g^r ^VZH$mo {hV H$[adodmao h|.
AmnHo$ {OVZo godH$ h| Vo Oo-Oo ^md H$[aHo$ Oo-Oo _ZmoaWZgy godm H$aV
h| {VZHo$ gJao _ZmoaW {g H$[a CZH$s godmH$mo ArH$ma H$aV h|. n[a CZHo$
_ZmoaW nyU H$[ado_| H$~h {db~ Zmqh g{h gH$V h|. VmV| g~ZHw$ r{Vhr hmoV
ho. `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$mo.
Amn godm H$[aHo$ g~ZHw$ {gIm` gmo BVZmo AmnHw$ H$hm `moOZ hVmo?
gmo gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
{Z{Ibo>X
lrAmMmÒr gH$b B>-dmpN>VHo$ Xo`dodmao h|.
`{X Amn BVZmo l_ H$[aHo$ godm H$ma Zmqh {gImdVo Vmo H$moC OmZVmo
Zmqh. Amoa `m _mJ_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo g~Y hr \$b$n ho gmo dmo {g Z hmoVmo,
V~ "{Z{Ibo>X:' Z H$hdmdVo. VmV| `mhrHo${bò AmnwZ BVZmo l_ {H$`mo ho. `h
OVm`doHo${bò "{Z{Ibo>X:' `h Zm_ H$ho h|&&12&&
27
A~ H$hV h| Omo lr_hm^wOr AnZmo d$n, nw{>_mJH$mo \$b Am{X

g~ZHw$ H${hHo$ ~Vmò n[a lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godmH$mo d$n Zmqh ~Vmò. gmo `m|?
Omo dmo Vmo dMZgy ~Vm`mo Zmqh Om gHo$. VmhrV| AmnwZ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm
H$[aHo$ godH$ZHw$ {gImdV h|. gmo Zm_ H$hV h|:
OZ-{ejm-H$Vo H$U-^pV-H$V
`{n nwamU-AmJ__| godmH$ma H$ho h| n[a dhm Vmo nyOm_mJH$s ar{Vgy
lrnyUnw$fmom_Ho$ Ae-{d^y{VH$s godmH$mo H$ma H$mo ho. gmo H$mZ ^m{Vgm|?
Omo Chm Omo XodVm h| gmo Vmo _Ho$ AmYrZ h| Amoa lrnyUnwfmom_ Vmo _Ho$
AmYrZ Zmqh h|, Ho$db ^pVHo$ AmYrZ h|. VmhrV| CZ emZ_| lrnyUnwfmom_Ho$
godmH$mo H$ma Zmqh H$mo ho. Vmgm| `{X lr_hm^wOr AmnwZ godm H$[aHo$
nw{>^pV_mJu` godmH$mo H$ma Z {gImdVo Vmo godH$ZHw$ nw{>_mJH$s godmH$mo
kmZ Zmqh hmoVmo. V~ godH$ nyOm_mJH$s ar{Vgm| godm H$aVo, V~ "nw{>_mJu`'
Z H$hdmdVo, nyOm_mJu` hmoB OmVo. VmhrV| AmnwZ godm H$[a ~Vm`; Amoa
nyOm_mJV| V~ `mar ar{V OVmò. dmH$mo H$ma godH$ZHw$ OVmò V~ nw{>_mJu`
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
37
gd b jU-gnZ 28 lrH $ UkmZXmo 29Jw &&

30
dmZXVw p Xb 31 nXbm`V{dbmo M Z&&13&&
^pV_mJ Vmo ÔZH$mo _mJ ho. Vm_| AZoH$ ^mdZgm| ÔZ ho. gmo O~ VmB
g~ ^mdZ g{hV ^pVH$mo XmZ Z H$a| V~ VmB "{Z{Ibo>X:' Z H$hdmd|. gmo
H$hV h|:
gdbjUgnZ
lrAmMmÒr gdXmZ H$[adoHo$ gm_`gm| nyU h|.
{VZ ^mdZH$mo XmZ Vmo O~ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ {OVZo bjU h| Vo g~ bjU
hm|B V~ hmo` gHo$. lr_hm^wOr_| gmo g~ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ bjU h| `h OVm`doHw$
`h Zm_ H$ho.
A~ lr_hm^wOr Omo XmZ H$aV h| gmo H$hV h|:
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
38
lrH$U-kmZX
ag$n dO^VZ g{hV nw{>_mJHo$ \$b$n Omo lrnyUnwfmom_ {VZHo$
d$nH$mo kmZ XoZdmao h|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrH${nbXodOrZo AnZo _mVMaUHo$ {V `moJ_mJH$mo

CnXoe H$aVo g_` _`mXm^pV_mJH$moh CnXoe {H$`mo. n[a lrAmMmÒr Vmo
EH$ nw{>^pV_mJ N>m{S>Ho$ Amoa ^pV_mJH$mo {Z$nU {H$ò Zmqh! gmo H$hV h|:
Vhm `h nydnj hmo` Omo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ kmZHo$ H$ma Vmo lrJrVmlr^mJdVm{XH$_| H$ho h|, {VZgw kmZ hmo`, VmV| lr_hm^wOr Amn H$hm kmZ
XoV h|? Vhm H$hV h| Omo JrVm-^mJdV_| Omo kmZ JQ> H$mo ho Vhm H$h
""lrR>mHw$aOr OJV_| `m{n aho h|, kmZ$n h|'' `m ^m{Vgm| H$mo ho. n[a
"ag$n' JQ> Zmqh H$mo ho. VmhrVo Omo lr_hm^yZHo$ godH$ h| {VZHo$ _Z_|
do ~mV| AmdV Zmqh.
dmZXVwpXb
lr_hm^wOr AJ{UV AmZXgy nw> h|.
Vhm `h nydnj hmoV ho Omo lrewH$XodOr, lrH${nbXodOr, lrZmaXOr

B`m{XH$ kmZHo$ XoZdmao h| Vmo lr_hm^wOr_| H$hm {deof ho? Vhm H$hV h| Omo
lrewH$XodOr, lrZmaXOr, lrH${nbXodOr ò Oo h| gmo Vmo _`mXm_maJr` h|; Amoa
lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Vmo nw{>_maJr` h|. gmo BZH$mo {X`mo kmZ gmo nw{>_maJr`
ho `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|.
Vhm `h gXoh hmoV ho Omo lr_hm^wOr kmZ XoV h| Vhm H$maU H$hm?
gmo H$hV h|:
lr_hm^wOr Amn Ho$go h|? Omo lrnyUnwfmom_ Oo AJ{UV AmZX Vmgy

nw> h|. `mV| A` _maJH$mo \$b Amoa ~mV g~ AmnHw$ VwN> bmJV ho. Amoa
AmnwZ_| Omo AmZX ho gmo g~ dVwH$m| ^wbmdZdmamo ho, `mhrV| Amoa dVwH$mo
_aU AmnHw$
Zmht hmoV ho. `mhrV| nw{>_mJ N>m{S>Ho$ A` ^pV_mJZH$mo
{Z$nU Amn Zmqh {H$ò. `h OVm`doHw$ "dmZXVwpXb' `h
Zm_ H$ho.
A~ Amoah AmJo H$hV h| Omo lr_hm^wOr Amn AmZXgy nw> h| `h Om{Z
Ho$go nS>o? Vhm H$hV h|:
n-Xbm`V-{dbmoMZ
H$_bH$s nIwS>rH$s ZmB ~S>o h| Zo {OZHo$ Ego lr_hm^wOr h|.
Jw
lrAmMmÒr nw{>^pV_mJHo$ Jw h|.
_mJH$mo Omo CnXoe H$aZdmamo hmo`, _mJH$mo Omo \$b XoZdmamo hmo` gmo
_mJH$mo "Jw' H$hdmdo. Oogo lrH${nbXodOr gm`_mJHo$ Jw h| Vmhr ^m{Vgm|
lr_hm^wOr nw{>_mJH$mo CnXoe H$aZdmao h| Amoa \$bHo$ XoZdmao h|. VmhrV| `m
nw{>_mJHo$ Jw lr_hm^wOr Amn h| `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
39
ZoZH$m| H$_bH$s Cn_m Xr{Z VmV| `h OmZZmo Omo Oogo H$_bHw$ Xo{IdodmaoHw$
H$_b gwI$n hmoB, grVb hmoB, bmb aoImZH$[a g{hV hmoB Amoa gwJY`wV
hmoB. Vmhr ^m{Vgm| lr_hm^wOrHo$ ZoZH$mo XeZ Omo ^V H$aV h| {VZH$m| na_
gwI XoZdmao h|, gmo grVb Amoa bmb aoImHo$ g{hV h|. Amoa AmnHo$ X`_| Omo
AmZX ho gmo ZoH$_b_| Om{Z nS>V ho. `h OZm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho&&13&&
32
H $ nm-J - d { > - g > -XmgXmgr{` 33n{V&&
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
40
34
amofnmVgbw>-^V{Q> 35^Vgo{dV&&14&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo lr_hm^wOrHo$ H$Q>mjZH$mo ^VZ_| H$hm H$m` ho? V~

H$hV h|:
H$nm-J-d{>-g>-Xmg-Xmgr-{`
gmo H$hV h| Omo lr_hm^wOr Amn Ho$go h|! Omo AnZo godH$ZHo$ D$na
H$nm-H$Q>mjZH$s dfm H$aV h|. Vmgm| Omo A{V AmZpXV Xmg-Xmgr h| {VZHw$
Amn A{V{` h|.
n{V
n{V dmo H$mo Om` Omo d` {Z^` hmo` A AnZo eaUmJVHw$h {Z^`
H$[a gHo$. gmo Ego n{V lrAmMmÒr h|. Amnw d` H$mb-H$_-d^mdm{XHo$
^`gm| a{hV h| A AmnwHo$ eaUmJV {e`ZHw$ h H$mbm{XHo$ ^`gm| _wV
H$[adodmao h| Vmgm| `h Zm_ H$mo ho.
A~ H$hV h| Omo bmoH$_| Amgwar Ord h| gmo Xdr OrdZHo$ ew h|. do
lr_hm^yZHo$ godH$ZH$mo of H$aV h|. gmo BZ AgwaZV| godH$ZH$m| ^` ho. gmo
lr_hm^wOr Amnw `h ^` Xy[a H$aZdmao h|. gmo H$hV h|:
amof-nmV-gbw>-^V-{Q>
lr_hm^wOr Amn Ho$go h| Omo ^VZHo$ Oo ofr h| {VZHo$ D$na H$moY g{hV
H$Q>mj S>m[a {VZH$m| ^_ H$sZo h|. gmo Vmgm| `h OVmò Omo Oo ^VZH$m| of H$aV
h| {VZH$mo Amn ^_ H$aVh|.
^V-go{dV
A~ H$hV h| Omo O~ lr_hm^wOr ^VH$mo Abm{H$H$ H$m` {g H$aV
h| V~ ^VZHw$ Omo AmZX hmoV ho Vmgy ^V lrAmMmÒrH$s godm_| EH$
jU_mhH$mo {db~ g{h gH$V Zmqh, {ZaVa godm H$aV ho `h OVm`doHw$ `h
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
41
Zm_ H$ho&&14&&
36
gw I go `mo 37 Xw a mam`mo 38 Xw b ^ m[ g amo h&

39
CJ Vmnmo 40dmgrYw - ny [ aVmeo f -go d H$&&15&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo AmnHo$ godH$ Vmo ~hmoV h| Amoa CZHo$ ^mdZ H$[aHo$
_ZmoaWh ~hmoV h|. gmo Om godH$H$mo _ZmoaW Amn nyaU Zmqh H$aV hmoBJo gmo dmo
godH$ ^br^m{V gmo AmnH$s godm Zmqh H$aV hmoBJmo! gmo H$hV h|:
gwIgo`
`{n lr_hm^wOrZHo$ godH$ ~hmoV h| n[a ^V Om ^md H$[a Om ar{Vgm|
godm H$[adoH$s BN>m H$aV h| Vm ^m{Vgm| Amn dmHo$ gd _ZmoaW nyU H$[a dmH$mo
ArH$ma H$aV h|. gmo Ego Amn na_ X`mb h|. `mhrV| g~ ^VZ H$[aHo$ gwIgy
goBdoHw$ `mo` h|. `mVo `h Zm_ H$ho.
A~ H$hV h| Omo Oogo ^VZHw$ gwIH$[aHo$ goBdoHw$ `mo` h| Vmhr ^m{Vgm|
AmoaZHw$ goBdo `mo` hm|`Jo! Vhm A~ AmnH$mo AJbmo Zm_ H$hV h|:
Xwamam`
^V-godH$ZH$s XoImXoIr lr_hm^wOrH$s ~S>mB gw{ZHo$ Omo godm H$aV
h| {VZHw$ Amn H$~hH$ gVmof _m CnOmdV h|; n[a ^br^m{Vgm| dmH$mo {Zdmh
Zmqh hmoV ho. `h OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$ho h| "Xwamam`'.
Vhm `h nydnj hmo` Omo Vw_ ^VH$m| "gwIgo`' H$hV hmo O~ AmoaZH$m|
H$>hgm| gVmof_m CnOo n[a godo Zmqh OmB, gmo `m|? Vhm A~ H$hV h|:
Xwb^m{K-gamoh
A^VZH$w XwI H$[aHo$ nmBdoH$w `mo` h| MaUH$_b {OZHo$ Ego lr_hm^wOr
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
42
Amn h|.
h|:
A~ H$hV h| Omo ^VZhHw$ AmnHo$ MaUma{dXH$s mpV Am{V$n XwI

H$[aHo$ hmoV ho Vhm A^VZHw$ AmnHo$ MaUma{dXH$s mpV H$hmVo hmoB! `h
OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho Omo A^VZHw$ XwI H$[aHo$ nmBdoHw$ `mo` h| MaUH$_b
{OZHo$ Ego lr_hm^wOr Amn h|. Vmgm| A^VZHw$ mpV Zmht hmoV ho.
lr^mJdV-nr`yf-g_w-_WZ-j_
lr_hm^wOr Amn lr^mJdV$nr A_Vg_wHo$ ^rVa Omo gma ho VmHo$
_{Wdo_| g_W h|.
CJ--Vmn
A^VZgm| Ag ho VoO {OZH$mo Ego lr_hm^wOr Amn h|. gmo A^VZgm|
{ZH$Q> amoh Z Om` Vmo g~Y H$hmVo hmo`! `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho.
A~ H$hV h| Omo AmnHo$ VoOHw$ Ag H$ho Vmo ^VZhH$m| Ag hmoBJmo!
`h gXoh Xy[aH$[adoHo${bE `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
dmgrYw-ny[aVmeof-godH$
lr_hm^wOr AnZo dMZm_V H$[a ~m{ha-^rVagy AnZo godH$ZHw$ nyU
{H$ò h| Ego Amn na_ X`mb h|.
dMZH$m| A_V Omo H$ho VmH$[a Oogo A_V g~ Bp`ZHw$ gwI CnOmdZdmamo
hmoB, g~ Vmn Xy[a H$ao Vm ^m{V lr_hm^yZHo$ dMZh g~ZH$m| gwI CnOmdZdmao
hmoB Vmn Xy[a H$aZdmao h|. `mhrgm| godH$ZV| lr_hm^wOrZH$mo VoO gmo OmV
ho. `m| Omo dMZm_Vgm| nyU ho. AmoaZgm| Zmqh gmo OmV&&15&&
AmnHo$ godH$ZHw$ Omo Vmn hVmo Omo `m _mJ_| AmBHo$h lr^mJdVH$mo AW

Z OmZ|. gmo Vmgm| lrgw~mo{YZrOr Am{XHo$ dMZm_V Amnw {H$ò. Vm H$[aHo$
g~ZHw$ lr^mJdVHo$ AW OVm`Ho$ Vmn Xy[a {H$ò.
Vgma^yV-amg-r-^md-ny[aV-{dJh
lr^mJdV$nr g_w_| gma$nr dO^VZH$mo Omo ^md Vmgm| ny[aV h|
d$n {OZH$mo Eg| lr_hm^wOr Amn h|.
XyYV| A_V Cm_ ho VmhrV| XyYHo$ g_w_| _WZ H$aV A_V {ZH$`mo ho.
Bhm Vmo lr^mJdV ho gmo A_Vg_w$n ho. gmo ^mJdV$nr A_Vg_wH$mo gma
dO^VZH$mo ^md ho. jrag_w_|Vo JQ>o A_VH$mo ^moJ H$aZdmao Oogo XodVm h|
Vmhr ^m{Vgm| lr^mJdV$nr A_Vg_w_|Vo H$Q>o dO^VZHo$ ^mdH$mo AZw^d
H$aZdmao Amn lr_hm^wOr h|. Amoa H$moB Egmo Zmqh. Amoa XodVmZHo$ Vmo A_V
^rVahr amo ho Amoa lr_hm^wOr Amn Vmo ~mha Amoa ^rVa gnyU h|. `h
OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho&&16&&
43
gmpZ`-_m-Xm-lrH$U-o_m 44{d_wpVX&&
45
amgbrbH$-Vmn` 46H$n`VV-H$Wm-X&&17&&
41
42
lr^mJdV-nr`yf-g_w-_WZ-j_&&
Vgma^yV-amg-r-^md-ny[aV-{dJh&&16&&
A~ AmJo H$hV h|, lr_hm^wOr Amn lr^mJdVHo$ AWH$mo {Z$nU

H$[aHo$ AnZo godH$ZH$mo Vmn Xy[a H$aZdmao h|. `h OVmBdoHw$ AmJoH$mo Zm_ H$hV
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
43
A~ H$hV h| Omo `m| Om{Zò Omo ^md gnyU ho! Vhm AmJo Amoah AmnH$mo
Zm_ H$hV h|:
gmpZ`-_m-Xm-lrH$U-o_m
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
44
lrAmMmÒr AnwZo gmpZ` _m H$[a lrH$Uo_H$mo XmZ H$[adodmao h|.

Omo dVw d` gnyU hmoB gmo dVw AmoaZHw$ Amn XoB gHo$. lr_hm^wOr
Amn Vmo ^mdaggm| nyU h| Vmgm| AmoaZhH$m| AnZo gmpZ`_m H$[a lrR>mHw$aOrHo$
o_H$mo XmZ H$aV h|, Zmqh Vmo Z hmoB. gmo `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho Omo
dO^VZ g{hV \$b$n lrnyUnfmom_ h| {VZ_| o_agH$mo XmZ H$aV h|.
Vhm H$hV h| Omo lrH$UHo$ o_agH$mo XmZ H$aV h| Vm_| H$hm H$maU ho?
`h gXoh Xya H$[adoHw$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
{d_wpVX
lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo gmjmV g~Y, Omo nw{>_mJu` _wpV ho, VmHo$ XoZdmao h|.
Vhm H$hV h| Omo Oogo _`mXm_maJ_| gm`w` _w` \$b ho Vm ^m{V
nw{>_maJ_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo g~Y _w` ho. Amoa Oo _wV ^ò {VZHw$ \o$[a ggma
Z hmoB Vmhr ^m{V gmjmV g~Y Oo nmò {VZH$m| \o$[a ggma H$~h Zht hmo`
ho `h OVmò.
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMmÒr nw{>_mJHo$ \$bH$mo gd _mJZHo$ \$bV|
A{YH$ _mUnydH$ {Z$nU {H$ò h| gmo H$hV h| :
amg-brbH$-Vmn`
amgbrbm_| hr _w` A{^m` ho Ego lrAmMmÒr h|.
_w` A{^m` ho `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho.

A~ lrAmMmÒr Amoa H$maV| h nw{>_mJH$mo \$b A{YH$ OVmò h|
VmHo${bò AJbmo Zm_ H$hV h|:
H$n`m EVV-H$Wm-X
H$nm H$[aHo$ Amn amgbrbmH$s dmVmH$mo AZw^d H$amdZdmaoh|.
{OZ godH$ZHo$ D$na H$nm H$[a Amn amgbrbmH$s dmVmH$mo AZw^d
H$amdV h| {VZH$mo AZw^d hmoB. Amoa Ohm H$nm {~Zm H$hV h| Vhm AWmZw^d
Zmqh hmoV ho. Vmo godH$ZH$m| O~ amgbrbmH$mo AZw^d H$hV h| V~ `m| OmZV
h| Omo nw{>_maJH$mo \$b ~S>mo ho. V~ godH$ZH$m| g`moJ Amoa {d`moJ XmoD$ agZH$mo
AZw^d hmoV ho&&17&&
47
{dahmZw^dH$mW-gd`mJmonXoeH$&&
48
^`mMmamo n Xo >m M 49 H$_ _ mJ dV H $&&18&&
amgbrbmHo$ AZw^dHo$ XmZgm| ^wHo$ g`moJ-{d`moJ XmoC agZH$mo AZw^d
`{n ^VZH$m| hmoV ho VWm{n Ho$db {d`moJ_| dmH$s ^m{V-^m{VH$s AdWm
Omo H$~hH$ {dH$bVm hmoB, H$~hH$ ^Jdyn hmoB {dbmn H$ao B`m{XH$mo AZw^d
^VZH$m| H$am`doHo$ VmB ""g~ dVwZH$mo `mJ H$amo'' Ego CnXoe H$aV h|:
{dahmZw^dH$mW-gd`mJmonXoeH$
Om nw{>_mJuV| Ka_| ^Jdgodm Zmht ~Zr gH$V dmH$m| ^Jd{`moJmZw^d_|
{V~YH$ Ego Jhm{XH$ZH$mo `mJ H$[adoH$mo CnXoe H$[admao lrAmMmÒr h|.
`{X _wpV nw{>_maJHo$ \$bV| A{YH$ hmoB Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr nhbo amgH$sS>m
H$[a nmN>| ~mZXH$mo AZw^d H$amdVo A lr^mJdV_|h Vog| hr dUZ H$aVo.
n[a Egmo Zmht {H$ò. Vmgm| d$nmZXH$mo AZw^d H$aZmo ~mZX A _wpV
V|h A{YH$ ho. VmV| òhr _w`-A{YH$ \$b ho. VmV| amgbrbm_|hr lr_hm^wOrH$mo
gmo H$mhoV|? Omo ({V~Y H$[adodmao) Ka_| ahoVo Vmo gmo AdWm Zmqh
hmo`Jr. VmhrV| `mJH$mo CnXoe H$aV h|. Amoa lr_hm^wOr Amnw Omo _`mXm
~mYr ho Vmhr ar{Vgm| Omo aho Vmo Egmo ^md hmo` `h h OVm`.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
45
46
kmZ H$am`doHo$ AW `k {H$ò. gmo Zm_ H$hV h|:

A~ ^pV_mJHo$ godH$Z_| pWaVm hmoB VmHo${bò ^pV_mJH$mo CnXoe
XoV h| `h OVm`doHo${bò Zm_ H$hV h|:
^`mMmamonXo>m
^pV_mJHo$ AmMmaH$mo CnXoe H$[adodmao Amn h|.
^pV_mJH$mo AmMma H$hm? Omo lrR>mHw$aOrgy H$Nw> \$bdmN>Zm Zmqh
H$aZr Amoa lrR>mHw$aOrHw$ hr \$b$n Om{ZHo$ godm H$aZr B`m{X Omo ^pV_mJH$mo
AmMma ho {VZH$mo CnXoe H$aZdmao h|. Amoa CnXoeh Amn d` AmMaU H$[aHo$
H$aZdmao h| `h OVmBdoHw$ `h Zm_ H$mo.
H$_-_mJ-dVH$
lrAmMmÒr H$__mJHo$h dVH$ h|.
A{^m` `h ho Omo `{X Amn AnZo godH$ZHw$ Ho$db ^pV_mJH$mo hr
CnXoe H$aVo, dUml_Y_ Nw>S>dmBHo$, Vmo godH$ZH$m| Vmo \$b hmoB OmVmo n[a Oo
~{h_wI h| {VZH$m| `m _mJ_| Xmof~w{ AmdVr Omo ""~mU `m _mJ_| AmòVo
AnZmo Y_ N>m{S>Ho$ ey hmoB OmV h|''-`m ^m{Vgmo ~{h_wIZHw$ Xmof~w{
AmdVr. n[a ^pV_mJ Vmo {ZXm}f ho. n[a Oogo H$mhHw$ Xmof~w{ Z Amdo Vog|
H$__mJH$moh Amnw CnXoe {H$`mo Omo g~ H$moB AnZmo H$_ H$amo; Amoa N>mS>mo _{V.
`h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_H$ho&&18&&
50
`mJmXm
^pV_mJ H $-gmYZdmo n Xo e H$&&
51
nyUmZX 52nyUH$m_mo 53dmn{Va 54{d~wYoda&&19&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo lr_hm^wOrZo AnZo godH$ZHo$ ^pV_mJ g~pY g~
AnamY Xy[a H$[adoHo$ AW A AnZo godH$ZH$m| `mJm{XHo$ dmV{dH$ d$nH$mo
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
47
`mJmXm ^pV_mJH$-gmYZdmonXoeH$
`k-`mJm{X H$_ ^pV_mJ_| AmdVo {V~YZH$m| Xy[a H$[adodmao h| (Eog
{dZHo$ gmYZnZoH$mo CnXoe H$[adodmao).
^pV_maJ_| XmoB ~S>o AnamY h|: EH$ Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrHw$ N>m{S>Ho$ Amoa
XodVmH$mo g~Y Amoa 2.nw{>_maJHo$ \$bHo$ nm`do_| {V~Y OmVo \$b{g{
Z hmoB. gmo lr_hm^wOr Amn `k {H$E gmo H$moZ ^m{Vgm| Omo `k_| g~
XodVmZHw$ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s {d^y{V Om{ZHo$ Amoa Ae-godH$ Om{ZHo$ `k^mJ {Xò
h|. VmV| AmJoh Omo H$moC `k H$ao gmo Bm{XH$ Oo `kZ_| XodVm h| {VZHw$
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s {d^y{V Ae-godH$ Om{ZHo$ AmXa g_mZ H$ao, n[a dV Z
OmZ|. `m H$[aHo$ A`ml` Xy[a {H$ò. Amoa Amnw `km{XH$mo \$b òhr {dMmao Omo
^pV_mJH$m| nmBdo_| {OVZmo {V~Y ho gmo g~ Xy[a hmoBJmo. VmH$[aHo$ godH$ZH$m|h
{ejm {Xò Omo Vw_ `k-XmZm{X H$[ado_| Amoa \$b {dMmamoh _{V. `hr {dMm`m}
H$amo Omo ^pV_mJH$mo \$b nmBdo_| `mV| {V~Y Xy[a hm|BJo. `h OVm`doHw$ `h
Zm_ H$ho.
`{n lrAmMmÒr `km{XH$_ dr` {e`ZHw$ {ejm Xo`doHo$ AW H$ao
VWm{n H$moB ~{h_wIHw$ Egr e>m hmo` Omo doX_| `kH$mo \$b Vmo dJbmoH$H$s
mpV H$hr ho Vmo Amn Omo `k {H$ò gmo dJbmoH$Ho$ nmBdoHo${bò {H$ò hmoBJo?
gmo Egr e>m Xy[a H$[adoH$m| `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
nyUmZX
Amn nyU-AJ{UV AmZXdmao h|.
Amn Vmo nyUnwfmom_Ho$ AmZXgm| gnyU h|. gmo dJm{XH$_| Omo AmZX
ho gmo Vmo nwfmom_Ho$ AmZXH$mo Ae _m ho. VmhrV| AmnHw$ dmH$s dmN>Zm Zmqh
ho. VmV| AmnZo `km{X dJbmoH$ nmBdoHw$ Zmqh {H$ò.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
48
Vhm H$moB H$ho Omo r-nwm{XH$ nmBdoHw$ `km{XH$ {H$ò hm|BJo? `h e>m
Xy[a H$[adoHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho:
nyUH$m_
bmoH$_| dmpN>V Omo nwm{XH$ZH$mo gwI gmoD$ lr_hm^wOrH$m| g~V| A{YH$
mV ho.
gmo H$mZ ^m{V? Omo lrAH$mOr g[aIo npZ Amoa lrJmonrZmWOrlrJwgmBOr garIo AmnHo$ nw h|. VmV| bm{H$H$
gwIHo${bò `k-`mJm{X Zmqh {H$E {H$Vw ^VZH$m| {ejm Xo`doHo${bò
`k-`mJm{X {H$ò h|. {ejm H$hm? Omo `km{X Vmo H$amo n[a ^pV_mJHo$ \$b_|
AmdVo {V~Y h| {VZHw$ Xy[a H$[adoHw$ H$amo.
lrAmMmÒr O~ AmoaZhH$s H$m_Zm nyaU H$aZdmao h| Vmo Amnwh nyUH$m_
hmoBJohr dm_| H$hm H$hZmo! `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho.
dmn{V
lr_hm^wOrHo$ godH$ XmoB ^m{VHo$ h|. {H$VZoH$ZHw$ godm-H$Wm H$aV
H$__|h _Zdmao h| Amoa {H$VZoH$ Ego h| Omo {VZH$m| Ho$db godm-H$Wm_| hr _Z
ho. lr_hm^wOr {dZ g~ZH$mo _ZmoaW nyaU H$aV h|. Oo godH$ `km{XH$ H$aV
h| V~ g~ hmo_`H$mo ArH$ma Amn H$[aHo$ godH$Ho$ _ZmoaW {g H$aV h|.
H$mhoV|? Omo Amn ^wHo$ _wIma{dXWmZr ApZd$n h|. `mhrV| O~ AmoaZHo$
_ZmoaW nyaU H$aV h| V~ AmnwZ nyaU _ZmoaW hmoBJ| dm_| H$hm H$hZmo!
{d~wYo da
^pV_maJr` Oo kmZr h| {VZHw$ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ d$nH$mo kmZ XoZdmao
lr_hm^wOr h| `h OVmBdoHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho&&19&&
55
H $ UZm_gh` dVm 56^VnamÙ&&

57
^`mMmamo n Xo e mW -ZmZmdm`{Z$nH$&&20&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ d$nH$mo kmZ lrAmMmÒr H$mZ ar{Vgm|
XoV h|? gmo H$hV h|:
H$U-Zm_-gh` dVm
H$U Oo _yb$n nyUnwfmom_ {VZHo$ ghZm_Ho$ JQ> H$aZdmao Amn h|.
Vhm `h nydnj hmo` Omo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ hOma Zm_ Vmo denm`Zm{XH$h
{H$ò h|? Vhm H$hV h|, n[a doX nwamUZ_| {g Zm_ Vo H$ho h|; Amoa Amn Vmo
\$b$n, lr^mJdV_| {OZH$mo {Z$nU ho Ego, nyaUnwfmom_Ho$ brbmg{hV
Zm_ZH$mo {Z$nU {H$ò h|; Amoa H$moD$ Zmqh {H$ò. `mgy `h Zm_ H$ho.
Xe{dYbrbmZgm| {d{e> lrH$UHo$ hOma Zm_ZH$mo H$WZ `m| Amd`H$
hVmo gmo H$hV h|:
Vhm A~ Amoah AmJo H$hV h| Omo {OZ godH$ZH$mo kmZ_| _Z ho {VZhHw$

\$b Amnhr XoV h|. `h OVmBdoHw$ A~ `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
^V-namÙ
`{X lrAmMmÒr lrH$UHo$ hOma Zm_ JQ> Z H$aVo Vmo godH$ZH$m|
lr^mJdVHo$ AWH$mo kmZ Z hmoVmo! V~ Amn OrdZHo$ {hV H$aZdmaoh Z
H$hdmdVo. Amoa O~ `h hOma Zm_ JQ> {H$ò V~ g~ godH$ lr^mJdVH$mo AW
OmZo. Vm nmN>| ^VHw$ kmZ ^`mo Amoa \$b {g ^`mo ho. `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_
H$ho.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
49
50
Vhm A~ Amoa h AmJo dH${Q>V ^pV_mJH$mo AmMaU OVmBdoHw$

AmnH$mo Zm_ H$hV h|:
h| V~ {VZHw$ H$_ H$[adoHw$ g_` Vmo Zmqh gYVmo hmoBJmo! Vhm H$hV h| Omo do
Xmof Amnwhr Xy[a H$[a XoV h|. `h OVmBdoHw$ H$hV h|:
^`mMmamonXoemW-ZmZm-dm`-{Z$nH$
^pV_maJH$mo AmMaU Omo godm{XH$ VmHo$ CnXoeHo${bò ZdaZ, ^pVd{YZr
B`m{XH$ JW JQ> {H$ò h| Ego lr_hm^wOr Amn h|.
d-XmgmW-H$Vm@eof-gmYZ
Oo godH$ ^wgodm_| AmgV hmoBHo$ godm H$aV h| {VZHw$ AnZo H$_H$mo
g_` Vmo Zmqh gYV ho, V~ Xmof bJV ho. gmo Amnhr H$_H$mo g_` gmYV h|.
Vm H$[aH|$ do Xmof Xy[a H$aVh|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo ^JdVHw$ H$_ H$[adoH$mo H$hm H$m_? H$mho H$_ Z
N>m{S> XoZmo? gmo `h gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw$ H$hV h| Omo AmnwZ H$_ {H$ò h| Vm H$[a
`h OVm` Omo _|h H$_ H$aV h. `mV| H$moC H$_ N>mS>mo _{V. godm H$[aHo$ O~
AdH$mg nmAmo V~ H$_ H$amo, `h CnXoe H$aV h|.
nyd_| `{n ""^`mMmamonXo>m'' Zm_ H$mo ho n[a dhm _m AmMmaHo$

CnXoe H$[admao H$ho h|. `m Zm__| dmgy A{YH$ AmMmaHo$ {Z$nU H$[admao
JWZHo$ CnXoeH$ AmnHw$ H$ho h|. Vmgy nwZpV Xmof Zht {~MmaZmo&&20&&
59
dmWm}pPVm@{IbmU-{`g 60Vmedo {> V&&
61
dXmgmWH$Vm@eofgmYZ 62gdepVYH$&&21&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo AmnHo$ godH$ZZo ^pV_maJHo$ AmMma Om{ZHo$, AmZX`wV
hmoBHo$ H$hm {H$ò? gmo H$hV h|
dmWm}pPVm{Ib-mU-{`
lrAmMmÒrH$s godmHo$ H$mO A AnZo CmaHo${bò ^pV_mJgm| {damoYr
g~ nXmW Oo N>mS>o h| Ego godH$ZHw$ Amn mUhVo {` h|.
lrAmMmÒr AnZo godH$ZHo$ mU{` h| `h `m| Om{Z nS>o? gmo
OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
Vhm `h nydnj hmoB Omo lrAmMmÒr H$_H$mo g_` gm{YHo$ OrdZHo$ Xmof
Ho$go Xy[a H$aV hmoBJ|? Vhm H$hV h|:
gd-epV-YH$
lrAmMmÒr gdepV_mZ h| Vmgm| gd epVZH$mo {ZJh H$[ado_| g_W
h|
Amn gmYZ H$[aHo$ godH$ZHo$ Xmof Ho$go {Zdm H$aV hm|BJo Egr e>m Zmqh
H$aZr. `m|? Omo Amn gdepV_mZ h| Vmgm| gdepVZH$mo {ZJh H$[ado_|
g_W h|&&21&&
62
Vme-do{>V:
lrAmMmÒrH$s godmHo$ H$mO g~ dVw N>m{S> ho Ego Oo godH$ h| {VZgm|
Amn gXmhr {Kaohr ahV h| Ego Amn h|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo ~mUm{XH$ godH$ O~ AmgpV H$[aHo$ ^wgodm H$aV
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
51
^w { d ^pVMma H $H $ Vo dmd`H $ V 63 {nVm&&

64
ddeo Wm{nVm@eofd_mhm` _`mnh&&22&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo Amn {dMma {H$ò Omo AnZr mJQ>Xem_| g~ZHw$
CnXoe H$[aHo$ ^pV_mJH$mo Mma Vmo {H$ò h| n[a AmJo _oar namojXem_|
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
52
^pV_mJH$mo Mma OrdZ_| `m| H$a hmoBJmo?`h {~Mm[aHo$ lrJmonrZmWOr Amoa

lrJwgmBOr Hw$ JQ> {H$ò. gmo H$hVh|:
^w{d ^pV-MmaH$-H$Vo dmd`-H$V
AmJo ^y{_n| ^pV_mJHo$ MmaHo${bò AnZo nw lrJmonrZmWOr Amoa
lrJwgmBOr Ho$ JQ> H$aZdmao h|. gmo Ego Amn na_ X`mbwh|.
{dmXmVm, Aml`XmVm, ^`_wV H$[adodmao h {nVmVw` H$hdmdV h|. gmo
Ego H$mamVHo$ {nVdH$mo dmaU H$[adoH$m| AmJoH$mo Zm_ H$hV h|:
{nVm
lrAmMmÒr lrJwgmBOr-lrJmonrZmWOrHo$ OZH$ {nVm h|.
Vhm `h nydnj hmo` Omo {nVmHo$ g_mZ `{X nw Z hmoB Vmo {nVmH$mo H$mO
nwgy Ho$go {H$`mo OmB? gmo lrJwgmBOr Amn {nVmVw` Z hmoB Vmo AmJo
^pV_mJH$mo Mma Ho$go hmoB? Vmgm| A~ H$hV h|:
d-deo Wm{nVm@eof-d-_mhm`
lrAmMmÒr Amn Ho$go h|? Omo AnZmo g~ _mhm`-g~ Y_ AnZo
nwZ_| amIo h|. VmV| Oogo lrAmMmÒr Amn h| VogoB AmnHo$ nw h|. {VZ_| ôX
Zmqh OmZZmo.
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMmÒr AmnZo-AnZo nwZ_| AnZog~ Y_ amIo `h
~S>mo AmM` ho! `h gXoh Xya H$[adoHw$ H$hVh|:
_`mnh
g~ AmM`Ho$ Xy[a H$aZdmao lrAmMmÒr Amn h|. VmV| AmM` Zmqh
H$aZmo. VmV| `h Zm_ H$ho&&22&&
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
53
66
67
n{Vd V mn{V
nmabm { H$H $ {hH$XmZH $ V &
68
{ZJy T >X`mo @ Z`^Vo f w km{nVme` 69&&23&&
n{VdVmn{V
Vhm gXoh hmoB Omo AmM` Zmqh H$aZmo Bhm H$maU H$hm? Vhm H$hV h|
Omo bmoH$_| nwHo$ JwUZ_| {nVm-_mVmV| Omo KQ>Vr Xo{I`V h| gmo {nVm-_mVmHo$
Xmofgy. d{MX {nVm {ZXw> hmo` {H$Vw _mVm Xw> hmoB Vmoh nw_| Xmof hmoV ho. n[a
Bhm Vmo lrAmMmÒr Amn lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ _wIma{dX$n h| Amoa AmZX$nh h|.
Vmhr ^m{V lrAH$mOrh AmZX$n h|. VmV| BZV| JQ> ^ò lrJmonrZmWOr Amoa
lrJwgmBOr h lrAmMmÒrHo$ g_mZ h| `h OmZZmo. Amoa bm{H$H$_| {nVm-_mVm
Cm_ ahVh d{MV nw ~wamo hmoB Egmo Xo{Ido_| AmdV ho. Vhm OrdH$mo A>
{Z{_m OmZZmo. gmo Vmo lrJmonrZmWOr A lrJwgmBOr _| g^do Zmqh. gmo
H$mhoV|? Omo A> Vmo OrdHw$ bJo n[a BdaHw$ Zmqh bJo. lrJmonrZmWOr A
lrJwgmBOr Vmo Bda h|. VmhrVo lrJmonrZmWOr Amoa lrJwgmBOr {nVmHo$ g_mZ
h|, {dZ_| ôX Zmqh.
A~ H$hV h| Oogo bmoH$_| n{VdVm nZrH$mo n{V AnZr nZrno AZwamJ
amIV ho dogohr lr_hm^wOr Amnw ^pV_maJH$mo AmMaU H$adodmao n{VdVmHo$
n{V h| Amoa {dZHo$ D$na AZwamJ amIV h|.
`m Vahgy lrAmMmÒrHo$ deH$s lrAmMmÒrHo$ g Vw`VmH$mo {Z$nU
H$[aHo$ dr` OZZH$m| Eo{hH$-nmabm{H$H$ gd \$b Xo`dodmao h Amn hr h| gmo
H$hV h|:
nma-bm{H$H${hH$-XmZ-H$V
^Jdg~Y Omgy {g hmo` Egmo Eo{hH$ Amoa nmabm{H$H$ \$bH$mo XmZ
H$[adodmao lrAmMmÒr h|.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
54
A> Am{Xgy (AWdm ^Jdg~Y a{hV bm{H$H$ {dMmagy H$ao OmVo

Y_m{X nwfmWgy) Omo r-nw-YZm{XH$ mV hmoV h| Vo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ g~Yr
Zmqh hmoV h|. Amoa lr_hm^wOr Amn (^pV_mJu` nwfmWH$mo MVw:bmoH$s,
^pVd{YZr, {ZamoYbjU, {Z~Ym{X JWZmam ~moY H$amBHo$ Abm{H$H$^Jdg~pY Y_m{X nwfmWgy ) Omo XmZ H$aV h| gmo {VZH$mo {d{Z`moJ lrR>mHw$aOr_|
hmoV ho, gmo ^JdXr` hmoV h|. Amoa Omo H$moB `m| H$ho Ho$ Cm_ A>(nw`)gy
VrWdmg hmoBHo$ dm VrW_| hr _aU hmo`do na Cm_ nmabm{H$H$ \$b {_bV ho,
Ego hr Cm_ A>gm| new-nwm{X$n Eo{hH$ \$b h {_bV ho. gmo VmH$mo g_mYmZ
ò OmZZmo Omo ^Jdg~Y Omgy {g hmo` Egmo Eo{hH$ Amoa nmabm{H$H$ \$b
Vmo lrAmMmÒr hr XoB gHo$ h|.
Egmo \$b lrAmMmÒr Amn H$~ XoBJo? Amoa H$moZ H$ma XoBJo? `h
gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw$ H$hV h|:
{ZJyT>-X`
lrAmMÒrH$mo X` A`V JyT> ho.
lrAmMmÒr Amn Bda h|. VmhrVo BZH$mo X` Om{Zdmo Ae` ho. n[a
Amn na_X`mb h|. VmV| \$bXmZ_| gXoh Zmqh H$aZmo. n[a \$b H$~ XoBJo `h
Om{Z Zmqh naV ho.
Vhm `h gXoh hmoB Omo lrAmMmÒr AnZr BN>m H$moC godH$gm| Zmqh
H$hV h| Ho$ H$moCH$m| OVmdV h|? Vhm H$hV h|:
AZ`-^Vofw km{nVme`
nX_Zm^Xmg ^{V g[aIo AZ` AVa ^V_| AnZmo AVH$aU {OZ
OVm`mo ho Ego lrAmMmÒr Amn h|&&23&&
70
CnmgZm{X-_mJm { V-_w Y-_mo h -{ZdmaH$&&
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
55
71
^pV_mJ} gd _ mJ - d b j`mZw ^ y { VH $ V &&24&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo H$~hH$ lrAmMm`Ho$ godH$ nyOm_mJu`ZH$mo g H$[aHo$

OmZ| Omo nyOm_mJ Amoa ^pV_mJ EH$ ho. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo godm XmoC R>moa ho. gmo
Vmgm| nyOm_mJ_| ^{_V ^ò OrdHw$ Amn AnZo _mJH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ dm
_mJ_|Vo H$m{T>Ho$ \o$[a AnZo _mJ_| bmdV h|. gmo H$hV h|:
CnmgZm{X-_mJm{V-_wY-_moh-{ZdmaH$
nyOm_mJ Am{X _mJZHw$ {dZ_mJHo$ bmoJZHo$ gV| ^pV_mJ g_{OHo$ Omo
d_mJu` {e` {dZ _mJ_| dm hmoV h| {VZHw$ Amn ^pV_mJH$mo {Z$nU H$[a
\o$[a AnZo _mJ_| bmdV h|.
Vhm nydnj hmo` Omo ^pV_mJH$mo {Z$nU _m H$[aHo$ godH$ZH$mo AkmZ
Ho$go Xy[a hmoV ho? Vhm H$hV h|:
^pV-_mJ} gd-_mJ-dbj`mZw^y{VH$V
lrAmMmÒr AnwZo godH$Zgm| ^pV_mJH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h| Amoa Xygao
_mJZH$s Anojm ^pV_maJH$s `mar arV A Cm_Vm H$mo AZw^d H$amdV h|.
gmo H$moZ ^m{V? Omo nyOm_mJ_| Om XodVmH$s nyOm H$[a`V h| gmo XodVm
_Ho$ AmYrZ hmoV h|, do lrR>mHw$aOrH$s {d^y{V h|, nyaUnwfmom_ Zmqh. Amoa
^pV_mJ_| go` lrnwfmom_ h| gmo _Ho$ AmYrZ Zmqh h| Ho$db ^pVHo$
AYrZ h|. VmV| ""Vy ^pV_maJ N>m{S>Ho$ nyOm_maJ_| `m| J`mo? \o$ar ^pV_maJ_|
AmC!'' gmo `m ^m{V godH$ZHw$ AnZo _maJ_| bmdV h|. gmo `h OVm`doHw$ `h
Zm_ H$ho&&24&&
72
n W H $ -eaU-_mJm} n Xo >m 73 lrH $ U-hmX { dV &&

74
{VjU-{ZHw$OW-brbm-ag-gwny[aV:&&25&&
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
56
A~ H$hV h| Omo eaU_mJH$mo n`dgmZh nwfmom__| ~Vm`mo ho gmo H$hm

eaU_mJ Amoa ^pV_mJ EH$ hr ho? gmo H$hVh|:
Amoa dOdmgrZH$mo Cm_ A{YH$ma Xo{I CZH$m| AnZr eaU ~wbmB d$nmZXH$mo
AnZmo AZw^d H$amò Amoa AOwZH$m| `w H$[adoH$s oaUm XrZr. `h g~
lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ A{^m`Ho$ OmZZdmao lr_hm^wOr h| VmV| `h Zm_ H$ho.
nWH$-eaU-_mJm}nXoe>m
`mgmXoe Am{X JWZ mam ^pV_mJgy nWH$ eaU_mJH$mo CnXoe
H$[adodmao lrAmMmÒr h|.
lr_hm^wOr `h OmZ| Omo lrnyaUnwfmom_H$mo _Z Vmo dO^VZgm| brbmag_|

_Z ahV ho VmV| Amnh brbmag_| _Z ahV h|. `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$hV
h|:
eaU_mJh XmoB ^m{VH$mo ho: EH$ nw{>_maJr` Amoa Xygamo _`mXm_maJr`.

V~ nw{>_maJr` H$moZgmo? gmo H$hV h| Omo B dO_| dfm {H$ò V~ dOdmgr
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s eaU_| Amò gmo dh eaU_mJ nw{>_mJu` ho. V~ Oo eaU Amò
{VZH$mo Amn ArH$ma H$[a lrJmodYZ YmaU H$[a ajm {H$ò Amoa gmV {XZ VmB
d$nmZXH$mo AZw^d H$amò. Amoa Oo eaU_mJH$mo \$b _wpV {_bV ho gmo
_`mXm_mJu` eaU_mJ H$mo OmVm ho. VmV| lrAmMmÒr _hm^w `m ^m{Vgmo
`mao-`mao eaU_mJH$mo CnXoe H$ao h| `h OVm`doHw$ ò Zm_ H$ho.
{V-jU-{ZHw$O-W-brbm-ag-gwny[aV:
{VjU {ZHw$OW Oo lrnyaUnwfmom_ {VZH$s Omo dO^VZHo$ gmW
brbm VmHo$ aggy ~m{ha-^rVagm| Oo nyU h| Ego lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Amn
h|&&25&&
75
VH$Wm{jV{Mmg 76VX{d_Vm`mo 77dO{`:&&
78
{`dOpW{V: 79nw{>brbmH$Vm 80ah{`:&&26&&
eaU_mJ nwfmom_ n`dgm`r hmo`do na h dmH$mo ^pV_maJgm| {^Z

{Z$nU `m| {H$ò? gmo H$hV h|:
lrH$U-hmX-{dV
\$bm_H$ Ego lrH$UHo$ A{^m`Hw$ Om{Zdodmao lrAmMmÒrh|.
lrR>mHw$aOr OrdH$mo A{YH$ma Xo{IHo$ _maJH$mo CnXoe H$aV h|. AVEd
AOwZH$mo _`mXmnw{>_| A{YH$ma hVmo VmV| CnXoeh dogmo {H$ò. gmo H$mZ ^m{V?
Omo AOwZgm| `m| H$ho Omo ""Vy _oar eaU Amd, _| Voao nmnZHw$ Xy[a H$$Jmo'' gmo
ò _`mXm_maJH$mo Ae ho. gmo H$mho? Omo eaU AmòH$mo H$Nw> (A{YH$) \$b
Zmqh, Ho$db nmn Xy[a hmoBJo, VmV| _`mXmH$mo Ae. Amoa `m nmnH$mo \$b Omo
emoH$; dmH$m| Xy[a H$[ado_| gmYZ Amnw hr ~Z|Jo Ego H$hr AnZr eaU ~wbmò
gmo `h nw{>_mJH$mo Ae ho. VmV| AOwZH$mo Oogmo A{YH$ma XoI| Vogmo CnXoe {H$ò.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
57
Vhm `h gXoh hmoB Omo ag `{X X`_| nyaU hmoBJmo Vmo ^VZH$m| ~m{ha
Ho$go Om{Z nS>oJmo? `h gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho:
VV-H$Wm{jV-{Mm:
amgbrbmH$s agdmVm_| ^br^m{V {namo`mo ho _Z {OZH$mo Ego lrAmMmÒr
Amn h|.
Egr ^JdH$Wm_| {Mmdmao hmoBdogm| {ZaVa AnZo {ZO godH$Zgm| agdmVm
H$hV h|. VmV| godH$ OmZo h| Omo Amn brbmaggm| nyaU h|. Amoah H$hV h| Omo
nyUnwfmom_H$s EH$ g`moJbrbm ho Amoa EH$ {d`moJbrbm ho. gmo O~ Amn
g`moJgy nyU hmoV h| V~ ~m{ha-^rVa gnyU h| Amoa brbmH$mo AZw^d H$aV
MoZgy ~R>o ahV h|. Amoa {d`moJbrbmaggy O~ nyU hmoV h| V~ amo Z Om`. VmV|
agdmVm g~Zgm| H${h H$mb{Zdmh H$aV h|. V~ godH$ OmZV h| Omo Amn
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
58
{d`moJaggm| nyU Ho$db AmZX$n h|.
ho? `h gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHo${bò AmnH$mo `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
A~ H$hV h| Omo Amn agH$s H$Wm H$hV h| Vmo H$hm AmoadmVm H$aV
Zmqh? gmo `h gXoh Xy[a H$adoHw$ `h Zm_ H$hVh|.
nw{>-brbm-H$Vm
lrR>mHw$aOr Oo amgbrbm {H$ò gmo dOhr_| {H$ò. `h Om{Z lrAmMmÒr
_hm^w dOhr_| aho. Amnh amgbrbmH$mo AZw^d H$aV h| Amoa godH$ZH$m|h
amgbrbmH$mo H$ma OZmdV h|. `h OZmBdoHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho.
VpXd_Vm`:
amgbrbmH$s agdmVm H$[a ^ybo h| ag{d gJao nXmW {OZZ| Eg|
lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Amn h|.
`m H$[a `h OVmò Omo {OZ dVyZgy brbmH$s gw{Y Z Amdo gmo AmnH$m|
dVw {` Zmqh.
ah:-{`:
EH$mV ho {` {OZH$m| Ego lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Amn h|.
H$mhoV|? Omo amgbrbmH$mo AZw^d EH$mVhr_| hmoB. `mV| EH$mV ~mohmoV
^mdV ho&&26&&
gmo `m| Om{Zò gmo H$hV h|:

81
dO-{`:
dO ho {` {OZH$m| Ego Amn h|. `m H$[a `h OVmò Omo dOH$m| Xo{IHo$
brbmH$s ~hmoV gwY Amd{V ho. VmV| dO {` bmJV ho.
A~ H$hV h| Omo dO {` ho `h `m| Om{Z nao? gmo H$hV h|:
^Vo N> m ny a H$: 82gdm kmVbrbmo @ {V_mo h Z: 83&&

84
gdmgVmo 85^V_mmgV: 86n{VVnmdZ:&&27&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo godH$ZH$m| H$~hH$ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s nw{>brbm Om{ZdoH$s
Am{V Xo{IHo$ AmnwZhr CZgm| nw{>brbm H${h CZH$s Am{V Xy[a H$aV h|. `h
OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
{`-dO-pW{V:
{` ho dO_| pW{V {OZHw$ Ego Amn h|.
^VoN>m-nyaH$:
^VZH$s BN>m nyaZ H$aZdmao lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Amn h|.
dO `{X {` Z hmoB Vmo Chm pW{V Z H$a|. `m H$[a `h OVmò Omo dO

~hmoV {` ho.
A~ H$hV h| Omo nw{>brbm Om{ZdoH$s ^VZH$s Ama{VHw$ Xo{IHo$ Oogo

nw{>brbm H${h {dZH$s Ama{V Xy[a H$aV h| Vm ^m{V AmnwZH$m| hmodVo agH$mo
AZw^dh godH$Zgm| H$hV hmoBJo? Vhm H$hV h|:
Vhm `h gXoh hmoB Omo dO {` ho n[a Chm pW{V H$[adoH$mo `moOZ H$hm
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
59
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
60
gdm@kmV-brb:
gd ^VZ H$[ah Z OmZr OmV ho brbm {OZH$s Ego lrAmMmÒr _hm^w
Amn h|.
`m H$[a `h OmZZmo Omo AmnwZH$m| Om agH$mo AZw^d hmoV ho gmo AnZo
godH$Zhgm| Zmqh H$hV h|, Amoa H$ma H$hV h|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo H$mh godH$H$m| ^m` H$[a `h _ZmoaW hmo` Omo Amnw Om
agH$mo AZw^d H$aV h| gmo _|h OmZw V~ dm godH$hH$mo _ZmoaW nyU H$aV h|. `h
OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|.
A{V_mohZ:
godH$H$m| H${hdo `mo` Oo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s brbm hm|` gmo dm ^m{Vgm| H$hV
h| Omo gwZV _mhr agH$mo Amdoe hmoV ho. Vm H$[aHo$ Ego _moh`wV hmoV h| Omo
`m| OmZV h| Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^w dmVm H${h _oamo _ZmoaW nyU {H$ò. gmo `m
^m{V godH$ZH$m| AZw^d H$amdV h|.
Vhm `h e>m hmoV ho Omo nw{>^VZH$m| agmZw^d H$amdV h| Amoagm| Zmht
H$amdV h| Vm_| H$hm hoVw? Vhm H$hV h|:
gdmgV:
AnZo godH$ZV| Oo Amoa h| do dm agH$mo AZw^d H$[ado `mo` Zmht h| VmV|
Zmqh H$amdV h|, {dZH$s Cnojm H$aV h| `h OVm`doH$w `h Zm_ H$h|.
^V-_mmgV:
Ho$db nw{>_maJr` ^VZ_| A{VH$nm`wV h|. VmVo CZH$m| agH$mo AZw^d
H$admdV h|, AmoaZH$m| Zmqh H$admdV h|.
A~ AnZo godH$Zno A{VH$nm H$aV h| gmo EH$ A` H$maV| H$hV h|:

n{VV-nmdZ:
AnZo nw{>_mJu` Oo n{VV {VZH$m| n{d H$aZdmao Amn h|.
Vhm `h nydnj hmoB Omo nw{>_mJ_| nmn H$hm ho? gmo H$hV h| Oogo
_`mXm_mJ_| dUY_-Aml_Y_gm| {d AmMaU H$ao gmo "n{VV' H$hdmdo Vm
^m{V nw{>_mJ_|h Omo AmMaU H$ho h| Vmgy {d AmMaU H$ao VWm Amoa(A`)
_maJH$mo AmMaU H$ao gmo "nmVH$s' H$hdmdo. VmV| EgoZHw$ Amn H$ho h| Omo
""Aao! ^pV_mJHo$ AmMaUH$mo N>m{S>Ho$ Vy Amoa AmMaU `m| H$aV ho?'' `m
^m{Vgmo CnXoe H$[aHo$ \o$[a ^pV_mJH$mo AmMaU H$admB n{VVZH$mo Cma
H$aV h|. Vmgm| `h Zm_ H$ho&&27&&
87
88
dèmoJmZg>-X`m^moO-{d>a:&&
è:nr`y f bhar-bm{dVmàg: 89 na:&&28&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo An{dZH$m| n{d H$[adoH$mo gm_` ho `m| H$ho gmo `m|
Om{Z nS>o? Vhm H$hV h|:
d-èmoJmZ-g>-X`m^moO-{d>a
lrAmMmÒr _hm^wHo$ èH$mo JmZ H$[a A{V AmZpXV Oo ^V, {VZHo$
^pV_mJu` X`H$_b AmgZ h| {OZHo$ Ego lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Amn h|.
`mH$mo A{^m` `h ho Omo Amn ^VZHo$ nmn Xy[a H$aV h| Vmgm| ^VZHo$
_Z_| AmnH$mo è AmdV ho. V~ g~ godH$ AmZX`wV hmoV h|. Ego godH$ZHo$
X`_| Amn gXm {~amOo h|.
Vhm `h nydnj hmoB Omo `h `m| Om{Zò Omo AmnH$s godH$ZHo$ X`_|
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
61
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
62
pW{V ho? Vhm H$hV h|:

è:-nr`yf-bhar-bm{dVm`-ag
AnZo è$nr A_VVaV| bm{dV H$ar `yZ H$[a {Xò h| A` ag {OZZ|
Ego lrAmMmÒr h|.
`{X godH$ZHo$ X`_| AmnH$s pW{V Z hmoB Vmo Amn AnZo ag$nr
A_VHo$ Vagm| godH$ZHo$ X`_| Amoa ag ^wbm` S>maV h| gmo ~mV Z hmoB. Amoa
`mH$m| A_V H$[aHo$ H$ho gmo `m|? Vhm H$hV h| Omo Oogo dJ_| XodVmZH$m|
A_Vhr OrdoH$mo H$maU ho Vm ^m{V nw{>_mJ_| AmnH$mo è ^VZHo$ OrdoH$mo
H$maU ho.
Vhm `h nydnj hmoB Omo Amn AnZo è H$[a Amoa g~ è ^wbmdV h|
gmo `mo? Vhm H$hV ho:
na:
lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Ho$go h|? AjahVo na h|, nwfmom_$n h|. `mV|
AnZo ag H$[a Amoa ag ^wbmdV h|&&28&&
Vhm XmoB ~ma "^rOo' H$ho VmH$mo A{^m` `h Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$s
H$nmgm| brbmaggy ^rOo Omo godH$ h| do AnZo nmg Oo ~R>V h| {VZhH$m|
^Jdaggm| Am H$[a XoV h|. Oogo ^r`mo d hmo` gmo gyIo dH$m| ^r`mo
H$ao Vm ^m{V. gmo Amnw AnZo godH$ZH$m| ~m{ha-^rVagm| brbmaggm| n[anyU
H$aV h|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMmÒr AnZo godH$ZH$m| AnZmo {` Wb h
OZmdV h| gmo H$hV h|:
JmodYZ-pW`wgmh:
lrJmodYZ ndV g_rn a{hdoH$mo gXm Cgmh ho {OZH$mo Ego Amn h|.
lrJmodYZ ndV g_rn a{hHo$ ndVH$mo d$nh OVmò Omo aZ_`
J[aH$m{XYmVw(Jo-gwdU)_` brbmg{>H$mo d$n Egmo lrJmodYZ ndV ho `h
OVmò. Zmqh Vmo nhobo H$moC OmZV Z hVmo.
Vbrbm-o_-ny[aV:
JmodYZmoaUbrbmHo$ agV| Amn nyU h|.
90
brbm_ V -agmm r-H $ Vm{Ib-eara^ V &&

91
JmodYZ-pW`wgmh 92Vbrbm-o_-ny[aV:&&29&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo Amn lrR>mHw$aOrH$s brbm$nr A_Vgm| godH$ZHo$
_ZmoaW ^br^m{V nyU H$aV h|. `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
brbm_V-agmmr-H$Vm{Ib-eara^V
lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo brbm$nr Omo A_Vag Vmgm| ^rOohVo ^VZH$m| A{V ^rOo
{H$ò h| {OZZ| Ego Amn h|.
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
63
lrR>mHw$aOr O~ JmodYZ YmaU {H$ò, V~ BHo$ ^`V| dOdmgr ea{U

Amò {VZH$m| g~ OrdZV| `mao, AnZo H$[a gmV {XZ VmB ^yI-`mg g~ Xy[a
H$[a d$nmZXH$mo XmZ H$[a ajm {H$ò. `h brbm H$[a JQ> ^ò o_gy nyU
h|&&29&&
93
`k^mo Vm 94`kH$Vm 95MVw d J { demaX:&&

96
g`{Vk: 97{Jw U mVrVmo 98 Z`{demaX:&&30&&
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
64
`k-^moVm
lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Amnw ^wHo$ _wIma{dXmdVma ApZd$n h| Vmgm|
`kr` h{dH$mo ^moJ H$aZdmaoh Amnhr h|. VmV| "`k^moVm' nhbo H$ho.
Vhm `h nydnj hmoB Omo nhbo `mJ {H$ò {~Zm `mJH$mo ^moJ `m| g^do?
Vhm H$hV h|:
`k-H$Vm
Omo JmodYZ`k H$adoH$s Amkm R>mHw$aOrHo$ lr_wIV| JQ> ^B ho Amoa
lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ _wIma{dXd$n lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Amn h| VmVo "`kH$Vm'
`h Zm_ H$ho.
g`-{Vk:
`WmW ho {Vkm {OZH$s Ego Amn h|.
O~ lrAmMmÒr _hm^w lrR>mHw$aOrH$s AmkmV| nw{>_mJH$mo mJQ>
{H$ò V~ lrR>mHw$aOr `h H$ho Omo `m _mJ_| _oao eaU Amdo {VZH$mo _ nw{>_mJu`
nwfmW XmZ H$[a Cma H$$Jmo. `h OVmBdoHw$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|.
Vhm `h nydnj hmoB Omo A~ VmB g`{Vkm Vmo H$mhH$s Z XoIr Vmo
lrAmMmÒr _hm^wH$s {Vkm `m| g` hmoBJr? `h gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw$ `h
Zm_ H$hV h|:
Vhm A~ H$hV h| Omo lrJmodYZnyOm_| g~ dOdmgrZgy nyOm H$am` Omo

""Vw_ g~ `m JmodYZH$s nyOm H$amo'' VmH$[aHo$ g~ZH$m| g~ nwfmW {g {H$`mo.
gmo OVmBdoHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho:
{JwUmVrV:
lrAmMmÒr mH$V JwUZV| a{hV h|.
MVwdJ-{demaX:
lrAmMmÒr nw{>^pV_mJu` Y_mW-H$m_-_mojHo$ kmVm h.
`mH$mo A{^m` `h Omo {OVZo _Zw` h| {VZH$m| _m`mH$mo g~Y ho, VmV|
Xmof`wV h|. VmV| CZH$s {Vkm {g Zmqh hmoV ho. Amoa lrAmMmÒr _hm^w
Vmo _m`mHo$ JwZ H$[a a{hV h|, `mV| {ZXm}f h|. VmV| BZH$s {Vkmh {ZXm}f ho. `mV|
g` {Vkm ^B.
`{n bmoH$_| Vmo MVwdJ H$[a "Y_-AW-H$m_-_moj' H${h`V h|. n[a

dOdmgrZH$m| `h nwfmW M{hò Zmqh, EH$ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ d$nH$mo AmZX
M{hò, gmo dOdmgrZH$m| d$nmZXH$mo AZw^dH$amò.
Vhm A~ H$hV h| {OZ OrdZHo$ CmaHo${bò {Vkm {H$ò {VZ OrdZH$m|

AnZo _mJH$s ar{V-_`mXm OVmBdoHo${bò AnZo {gmVH$mo {OZ_| {Z$nU ho
Ego JWh AmnZo {H$ò `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
Vhm A~ H$hV h| Omo AnZo godH$ZH$m| nw{>_mJu` Y_mWH$m__moj {g

{H$ò. Vo Y_m{XH$ H$moZgo? gmo H$hV h|Y_ Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm, AW Vmo
lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo d$n, H$m_Zm Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrhrH$s, _moj Vmo Abm{H$H$ Xoh
nmBHo$ dO ^VZH$s ZmB ÔZmZXH$mo AZw^d H$aZmo. Omo ò nwfmWH$mo XmZ
H$aV h|.
Z`-{demaX:
AnZo {gmVZH$mo em, {VZHo$ H$[ado_| _hm{ZnwZ Ego lrAmMmÒr
_hm^w Amn h|&&30&&
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
65
66
99
dH$s{V d Y Z : 100 Vd-gy ^m`Xe H $:&&

101
_m`mdmXm`VybmpZ: 102~dmX{Z$nH$:&&31&&
d-H$s{V-dYZ:
lrAmMmÒr AnZo godH$Z_| H$s{VHo$ ~T>mdZhmao h|.
AnZo _mJHo$ JWZH$mo {Z$nU {H$ò V~ godH$ ~S>mB H$aZ bmJo Omo
AmnH$s ~am~[a H$moC Zmqh. VmV| AnZo godH$Z_| H$s{VHo$ ~T>mdZhmao Ego
lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Amn h|.
A~ H$hV h| _m`mdmXm{X Omo _VdmX, {VZHo$ JQ> H$aZdmao Omo npS>V
{VZ_|h An{Z H$s{V ~T>mò. gmo Zm_ H$hV h|:
Vd-gy-^m`-dVH$:
`mgOrHo$ Oo gy h| {VZHo$ AWH$mo {Z$nU Om_| ho Egmo "AUw^m`' JW
VmHo$ {Z$nU H$aZdmao Amn h|.
Vhm nydnj hmoB Omo `mggyHo$ AW Vmo e>amMm`m{XH$h {H$ò h| Vmo
lrAmMmÒr _hm^wZ_ | A{YH$Vm H$hm ho? Vhm H$hV h| Omo doX_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo
agm_H$ gmH$ma d$n H$mo ho. Vm ^m{V `mggyH$mo AW e>amMm`m{XH$
Zmqh {H$ò h|, AmnwZohr _mJH$s ar{Vgm| {ZamH$ma d$nH$mo {Z$nU {H$ò h|, gmo
Vmo doX{d ho. Amoa lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Cm_ ar{Vgm| {Z$nU {H$ò h|. `h
OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho. `m H$[a npS>VZ_|h AnZr H$s{V ~T>mB.
Vhm H$moB H$ho Omo AmO H${b`wJ_| _m`mdmXHo$ AmJo g~ em Xy{fV hmoB
Jò h| Vm ^m{V AUw^m`h Xy{fV hmoB J`mo? `h gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw$ `h Zm_
H$hV h|:
_m`m-dmXm`-VybmpZ:
_m`mdmX$n BH$s T>oarHo$ ^_ H$aZdmao ApZ$n Amn h|.

`m H$[a OVmò Omo Oogo BH$s ~S>r D$Mr T>oar hmoB gmo aMH$h ApZHo$
g~Y H$[a ^_ hmoB OmV ho Vm ^m{V lrAmMmÒr _hm^w h|. gmo ApZ$n
lrAmMmÒrHo$ AmJo _m`mdmX aMH$h R>har gH$V Zmht.
Vhm `h gXoh hmoB Omo _m`mdmX H$moZ dmX boHo$ Xy[a {H$`mo? gmo H$hV
h|:
~-dmX-{Z$nH$
~dmX, Omo Om_| g~ dVwH$m| g` (~m_H$) H$mo ho, Vm dmXH$m|
boHo$ _m`mdmX, Om_| g~ dVwZH$m| {_`m H$mo ho, VmH$m| Xy[a {H$ò&&31&&
103
AmH $ Vm{Ibm-H$n-^y { fV: 104ghOp_V:&&

105
{bmoH$s^yfU 106^y{_-^m` 107ghOgwXa:&&32&&
AmH$Vm{IbmH$n-^y{fV:
Abm{H$H$ Oo Am^yfU {VZ H$[aHo$ lrAmMmÒr ^y{fV h|.
gmo Abm{H$H$ Am^yfU H$mZ? Omo `mggyHo$ Mm[a A`m` h| _mU,
_o`, gmYZ Amoa \$b. {VZ_| Omo MmoWmo A`m` \$b$n, Vm_| ^JdX^md$n
Abm{H$H$ Am^yfU, {VZ H$[a {d^y{fV h| lrAmMmÒr _hm^w. Vhm H$moB H$ho
Omo e>amMm`m{XH$Zoh `mggyHo$ MmoWo A`m`_| AnZo _mJHo$ \$b H$ho h|, n[a
Oogmo H$Ny> lrAmMmÒr _hm^w \$bH$mo {Z$nU {H$ò h| Vm ^m{V Amoa H$moC
{Z$nU Zmqh {H$E. VmV| Abm{H$H$ Am^yfU H$[a Amn `wV h|. gmo `h Zm_
H$ho.
A~ `h gXoh hmoB Omo godH$ZH$m| Ho$go Om{Z nS>o? gmo OVmBdoHw$ AJbmo
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
67
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
68
Zm_ H$hV h|:

ghO-p_V:
^JdX^md$n Abm{H$H$ Am^yfU Amn YmaU {H$ò h| VmV| ^mdH$mo O~
_aU hmoV ho V~ ghO _Xhm``wV hmoV h|. Vm H$[aHo$ godH$ZH$m| Om{Z nS>V
ho Omo Amn Abm{H$H$ ^md`wV h|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^w godH$ZH$m| emo^m H$aZdmao h|. `h
OVm`doHw$ ò Zm_ H$hV h|:
{bmoH$s^yfU_
"{bmoH$s' nX H$[a gdJwU, aOmoJwU Amoa V_moJwU g{hV Oo godH$ Vo
H${h`V h|. {bmoH$_| Ego godH$ZH$s emo^m lrAmMmÒr _hm^wHo$ g~Y
H$[a ho, Amoa ^m{V Zmqh. `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$ho.
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMmÒrHo$ MaUma{dXHo$ g~YV| ^y{_hH$mo CH$f
{g ^`mo. `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
^y{_-^m`_
^y{_Ho$ nydnw`-\$b$n lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Amn h|.
`mH$mo A{^m` `h Omo ^y{_no Omo ^V h| VmV| Vm{dfo lrAmMmÒr
_hm^w ^pV_mJH$m| JQ> {H$ò V~ ^y{_H$mo na_ AmZX ^`mo Omo _mo D$na
lrAmMmÒr _hm^wH$s pW{V ho. gmo `h Zm_ H$ho.
A~ H$hV h| Omo `m ^m{V AnZo XeZ Xo`H|$ godH$ZHo$ ^m`Hw$ ~T>m`dodmao
lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Amn h| `h OVm`doHw$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|:
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
69
ghO-gwXa:
godH$ZHw$ lrAmMmÒr _hm^w AnZo ghO d$nHo$ XeZH$m| CnOmdZhmao
h|, H${_ Zmqh. `m H$[a `h H$ho Omo ^VZHo$ ^m`$n lrAmMmÒr _hm^w
h|&&32&&
108
Aeof-^V-gm`-MaUmO-aOmo-YZ:&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo ^VZH$m| lrAmMmÒr _hm^wH$s MaUaoUw `hbmoH$
g~Yr Amoa nabmoH$ g~Yr nXmW {VZH$s {g{ H$aZdmar ho. `h OVm`doHw$
`h Zm_ H$hV h|:
Aeof-^V-gm`-MaUmO-aOmoYZ:
{OZH$s MaUaoUw Aeof^VZH$m| `hbmoH$ VWm nabmoH$ g~Yr nXmWH$s
{g{ H$aZdmar ho Ego lrAmMmÒr h|.
godH$ZHo$ `hbmoH$ g~Yr nXmW H$moZ? Omo godmHo${bò r-nwYZm{XH$. nabmoH$ g~Yr nXmW H$moZ? Omo lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo g~Y. {VZHo$
{g hmoBdoHo${bò OVm`mo Omo g~ dVw {g{ hmoBdoHo$ {dfo Omo _mJZmo gmo Vmo
lrAmMmÒr _hm^wZHo$ MaUma{dXH$s aO _mJZr Amoa H$Ny> Z _mJZmo.
`m ^m{V lrAmMmÒr _hm^wZHo$ EH$gmo AmR> Zm_ H${h A~ Cnghma
H$aV h|.
B`mZX-{ZYo: moV ZmZm_ A>moma eV_&&33&&
B{V=`m H$magy
AmZX{ZYo:=AmZXH$s {Z{YHo$
A>moma eV_=EH$gmo AmR>
ZmZm_=Zm_ZHw$
moV_=H$ho
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
70
Q>rH$m : AmZXg_w$n lrAmMmÒr _hm^w, {VZHo$ EH$gmo AmR> Zm_ h_

lr{dQR>bZmWOr, H$f H$[a {Z$nU {H$ò. Vhm lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$mo
AmZX$n g_w ho gmo AJmY hmoB, gXm ObnyU hmoB, {ZaVa CN>{bV
VadV hmoB Vm ^m{V Amnh ^m{V-^m{V aggnyU h|. Amoa {OZ_| ^mdZHo$
Va {ZaVa CR>V h| Ego h|. Amoag_w_| Oogo aZHo$ g_yh hmoB Vm ^m{V AmnHo$
^mdZ_| ho&&33&&
A~ lrgdm}m_VmoHo$ nmR>H$mo \$b H$hV h|.
lm-{dew -~w { a `: nR>`Zw { XZ OZ:&
g VXoH$-_Zm {g{_ CVm mZmo`ge`_&&34&&
lm-{dew-~w{:=lmgy {deof
H$[aHo$ ew ho ~w{ OmH$sEgmo
VXoH$_Zm=EH$ _m {dZ_| _Zdmamo
OZ:=`pV, `:=Omo
AZw{XZ={V{XZ
nR>{V=nmR> H$ao ho
g:=dmo, Age`_=ge` a{hV
CVm=H$hr ^`r
{gq={g{Hw$
mZmo{V=mV H$ao ho
Q>rH$m : Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^wZ_| lm H$[a ew ho. AWmV Xw:gm{XH$Z

H$[a Xw> Z hmoB Egr ~w{dmbmo ^JdXr` hmoB, Omo {ZaVa nmR> H$ao Vmo nhbo
AmnwZ_| EH$_Z hmoB, nmN>o lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ AYam_VH$mo AmdmXZ$n Omo {g{
VmH$s mpV hmoB `h \$b gdm}m_Ho$ nmR>V| hmoB `m_| gXoh Z H$aZmo. `h {Vkm
lrJwgmBOr H$aV h|&&34&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo nw{>_mJH$mo \$b _wpVhVo A{YH$ ho `h OVmBdoHw$ H$hV
h|:
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
71
VXmVm dWm _moj: VXmVm VXJVmWVm&&

AV: gdm}m_ Vmo O` H$Uagm{W{^:&&35&&
VXmVm=dmo mV Zqh hmodo Vmo
_moj:=_moj
(mVmo{n=mV hmo`donoh)
VXJVmWVm=dmH$s JVmWVm ho
AV:=`mgy
H$Uagm{W{^:=H$UagH$s
BN>mdmaoZHw$
gdm}m_=gdm}m_
Vmo=VmoHw$, O`_=OnZmo
dWm=`W ho
VXmVm=dmH$s mpV_|
Q>rH$m : lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZHo$ godH$ZH$m| `{X nw{>_mJHo$ \$bH$s mpV ^B

Vmo gm`w`m{XH$ Oo _wpV Vo dWm h|. `m| Omo nw{>_mJH$mo \$b g~V| A{YH$ ho.
gmo gdm}m_Ho$ nmR>V| {g hmoB. VmV| {OZH$m| lrAmMmÒr _hm^wH$s H$nmV|
lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ AYam_VH$s dmN>Zm ho {VZH$[a gdm}m_VmoH$mo On H$aZmo.
VmH$mo `h AW Omo O~ VmB gXoh {~Zm nmR> Z Amdo V~ VmB nwH$m[aHo$ nmR>
H$aZmo Amoa O~ ^br^m{V Amdo V~ JwV H$[a On H$aZmo. Amoa `h Vmo
nw{>_mJHo$ \$bH$m| {g H$aZdmamo ho `mhrVo `mH$mo Zm_ gdm}m_ ho. gmo {ZaVa
OnZmo. `m ^m{V ApZ$n lrAmMmÒr _hm^w {VZHo$ Hw$_ma lrJwgmBOr `h
JW JQ> {H$ò h|&&35&&
Ed_ AmMm` Z m_m{Z {dd V m{Z `Wm_{V:&
{nV n mXmOH $ n`m
Zm`gmYZVmo
_`m&&
A~ lrJmoHw$bZmWOr H$hV h| Omo `m ^m{V Oogr _oar ~w{ hVr Vm ^m{V
lrJwgmBO rHo$ MaUH$_bH$s H$nmV| lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH $o EH$gmo AmR> Zm_ZH$s
Q>rH$m _ H$sZr; Amoa _m|H$mo H$moC gmYZ Z hVmo. gmo bmoH$ A~ H$hV h|:
`
~w { Xmo f o U
{dd V md`WmH $ {V:&
j_dmMm` M aUm _X ^ `mo ` {_{V dV:&&
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
72
&& lrdb^m>H$_ &&

lrJmoHw$bZmWOr H$hV h| Omo H$Xm{MV ~w{Ho$ XmofH$[aHo$ Q>rH$m_| h_
A`Wm {H$ò hm|` Vmoh lrAmMmÒr _hm^wHo$ MaUma{dX h_mar ajm H$amo!
&&Eg| lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH$V gdm}m_VmoQ>rH$mH$s
dO^mfm gnyU ^B&&
(3)
lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH$V Q>rH$mH$mo dO^mfmZwdmX
`nmXaO_mJ` _Zmo _o MMbrH$V_&
VH$VmMm`nm{Z {ddVm `V dVVo&&
{ddVo: g\$bdm` Zdm {nVnXm~wO_&
{dd{V: H$Vw_maYmZ A{V{ddmgVmo _`m&&
lrJmoHw$bZmWOr H$hV h|, lrJwgmBOrHo$ MaUma{dXH$s aOZo _oao _ZH$m|
Am`Ho$ MMb H$`m}, `mhrV| lrJwgmBOrHo$ {H$ò lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZHo$ AmR>
bmoH$ {VZH$s Q>rH$m H$[adoHw$ _ CV ^`mo h. Vhm H$hV h| Omo `h Q>rH$m nyar
hmo` `mV| h_ lrJwgmBOrHo$ MaUH$_bH$m| Z_H$ma H$aV h|. `m Z_H$maHo$
{ddmgV| hr _ Q>rH$m H$[adoH$mo Ama^ {H$`mo h.
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^wH$mo d$n, Y_ Amoa AmnHo$ godH$
g~ `{n Abm{H$H$ h| n[a BZH$mo O_ bmoH$_| ho. Vhm `h gXoh hmoV ho Omo
bm{H$H$ O_m{XH$ Vmo H$_Ho$ AYrZ h|, gmo gm_m` bmoH$ZH$s ZmB lrAmMmÒr
Amoa godH$Z Ho$ O_m{XH$ `m| Xo{I`V h|? gmo gXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw$ lrJwgmBOr
lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$mo d$n Oogmo ho Vogmo H$hV h|. Amoa Om ^m{V BZH$mo
mJQ> ho gmoC H$hV h|. Amoa lrAmMmÒr _hm^w JQ> hmo`Ho$ Omo-Omo H$m`
{H$E Vo g~ AnZo godH$Zgm| H$hV h|.
lr_X-dXmdZoXw-H${Q>V-a{gH$mZX-gXmoh$n\y$OX-amgm{X-brbm_V-Ob{Y-âmH$mV-gdm}@{n edV&&
V`dm_mZw^md-H$Q>Z-X``mk`m mXwamgrX
^y_m `: g_Zw`mH${Va{V-H$Ug V no hVme_&&1&&
lrgdm}m_Vmo_
73
lrdb^m>H$_
74
Ad`mW :
edV={ZaVa
lr_X-dXmdZoXw-H${Q>V-a{gH$mZX-gXmoh$n-\y$OX-amgm{X -brbm_V
- Ob{Y-âmH$mV-gd:= lrdXmdZHo$ MHo$ mam H${Q>V a{gH$
^VZHo$ AmZXHo$ gXmoh$ngm| {dV[aV hmoVr amg Am{X brbmHo$ A_Vg_wgm|
Ambm{dV g~ hmo`dogm|
A{n=h
^y_m=^yVbno
gZ=hmo`do na
`:=Omo
Am_mZw^md-H$Q>ZX``=
A{VH$U:=A{V X`mdmZ
AnZo AZw^dHw$ H$Q>
_Zw`mH${V:=_Zw`H$sAmH${Vdmao
H$[adoHo$ _Zdmao
V={dZHw$
V`={dZH$s Ed=hr
hVme=ApZHw$
Amk`m=Amkmgm|
no=eaUmJV hmoC h
^mdmW : lr_X-dXmdZM lrH$UZo ^pVa{gH$ZHo$ H$mO Omo AmZXHo$
g_yh Oogr amgm{X brbmZHo$ A_V{gYwH$m| H$Q> {H$`mo VmV| gdXm {OZH$mo
A-` Ambm{dV hmo`dono h, Om VahHo$ $n YmaU H$[a Oogr brbm H$aZr
ho VmHo$ AZw^d H$amdZHo$ Ame`dmao lrH$UH$s hr AmkmV| Omo A{V H$Um
H$[a ^y{_no _Zw`mH${V YmaU H$[aHo$ H$Q>o Ego, ApZH$s eaU_| _ OmVh&&1&&
Q>rH$m : lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Ho$go h| gmo H$hV h|. A{Ib emo^m`wV Omo
lrdXmdZ, Ohm b_rOrH$mo gXm dmg ho AWdm dO^VZ g{hV Omo dXmdZ
VmHo$ M_m$n Oo nyUnwfmom_. `mhrV| dXmdZ Abm{H$H$ ho. H$mhoV|?
bm{H$H$ dZH$mo A{Yn{V bm{H$H$ M_m Oogo bm{H$H$ dZH$m| AmZX CnOmdo
Vm ^m{V `m Abm{H$H$ dXmdZHo$ M_m$n Omo agm_H$ nyUnwfmom_ gmo `m
dZHw$ AmZXHo$ CnOmdZhmao h|. Amoa doUwZmXmam g~ R>moa d$nm_VH$mo doe
H$[a gXm ag H$Q> H$aZdmao Ego M_m$n Omo nyUnwfmom_ {VZ H$[a JQ>
{H$`mo Omo dO^VZHo$ H$mO AmZXg_yh Vmgm| lrAmMmÒr _hm^wZH$mo A` ^rVa-~m{hagy Ambm{dV ho.
lrdb^m>H$_
75
""amgm{XH$ brbm'' H${h Oo "A_Vg_w' H$mo gmo `mV| Omo A_Vag hmoB
gmo _rR>mo hmoB A _aUm{XH$ g~ XmofZH$m| Xy[a H$[a; Amoa Oo dJ_| hm|B {VZhH$m|
nmdZ H$[adoH$m| `mo` ho. `m ^m{V ò brbm h _hm _rR>r ho. Amoa OrdZHo$
bm{H$H$ Xoh Xy[a H$[a Abm{H$H$ A_a XohH$s mpV H$amdZdmao h|. Amoa g_w
Oogo AWmh hmoB Amoa CN>{bV VadV hmoB Vm ^m{V amgm{XH$ brbm h AWmh
ho; Amoa {OZ_| ^mdZHo$ Va CR>V h|, `mV| g_w ho. Vm amgm{XH$ brbm$nr
Omo A_VH$mo g_w VmH$mo Omo dma Vmgm| O{Q>V ho g~ A {OZHo$ Ego
lrAmMmÒr _hm^w h|. `m H$[a gXm ag$n d$nH$mo {Z$nU {H$ò.
Vhm `h nydnj hmo` Omo Ego ag$n lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$mo bmoH$_| Vmo
mJQ> Z g^do! Vhm H$hV h| Omo H$_Ho$ AmYrZ lrAmMmÒr Zmht, Omo ò
Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s BN>mHo$ AmYrZ h|. VmV| lrR>mHw$aOrH$s AmkmV| JQ> ^ò h|.
gmo H$hV h|, lrnyUnwfmom_H$s `h BN>m ^B Omo _oar brbm Om{ZHo$ g~ Ord
brbmg{>_| Amd|Jo. V~ brbmZHw$ Vmo gmoB JQ> H$ao Omo brbmHo$ ^rVaH$mo hmoB,
OmHw$ brbmH$mo AZw^d hmoB. gmo Ego Vmo lrAmMmÒr hr h|. VmV| BZhrH$m| Amkm
{Xò. V~ Oogo nyUnwfmom_ JQ> ^ò Vm ^m{V lrAmMmÒr _hm^wh JQ> ^ò.
VmV| bm{H$H$ nwfH$s ZmB mJQ> Z OmZZmo. Amoa ^y{__| ~mUôfgm| JQ>
hmo`doH$s Amkm ^B gmo `mV| Omo ~mU g~ dUZ_| Cm_ ho. Omo ^pV_mJ {VZ_|
egZr` hmoB `mV| ~mU_| JQ> ^ò.
Vhm `h nydnj hmo` Omo Egmo ag N>m{S>Ho$ lrAmMmÒr _hm^w ^yVbno
JQ> ^ò gmo `m|? Vhm H$hV h|, lrAmMmÒr _hm^w A{V H$m{UH$ h|.
VmH$mo `h AW ho Omo R>mHw$aH$m|h OrdD$na BVZr BN>m ^B Omo g~ Ord _oar
brbm Om{ZHo$ brbmg{>_| Amd|. `mV| lrAmMmÒr AnZmo agh N>m{S>Ho$ OrdHo$
CmaHo${bò JQ> ^ò. VmV| lrR>mHw$aOrV|h lrAmMmÒr_| A{V X`m ho, VmV|
JQ> ^ò.
Vhm `h nydnj hmo` Omo d$n OmZo {~Zm eaU `m| OmB? VmHo${bò
d$n H$hV h|. Abm{H$H$ R>mHw$aHo$ _wIma{dXHo$ A{Y>mVm Omo ApZ Vm $n
lrdb^m>H$_
76
AmZX_` lrAmMmÒr _hm^wH$mo d$n OmZZmo. gmo lrJwgmBOr H$hV h| Omo

Ego lrAmMmÒr {VZH$s h_ eaU OmV h|. `m H$[a `h OVmò Omo g~ godH$
{Z` lrAmMmÒrH$s eaU OmD$, Omo g~ dVwH$s {g{ hmoB. `h CnXoe
{H$ò&&1&&
`m ^m{V lrAmMmÒr _hm^wH$mo d$n-mJQ> {dfo H$maU,
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s Amkmgm|; Amoa mJQ>H$mo H$ma H${hHo$ A~ lrAmMmÒr
_hm^w JQ> hmo`Ho$ AgmYmaU H$mO {H$ò gmo H$mO H$mhgm| {g Z hmoB gmo
{Z$nU H$aV h|:
Zm{d^y`mX ^dmMoX A{Y-Ya{U-Vb ^yVZmWmo{XVmgZ_mJdmVmYVw`m {ZJ_nWJVm XdgJ}@{n OmVm:&&
KmofmYre VXo_o H$W_{n _ZwOm: mZw`wa Zd Xdr
g{>a `Wm M ^y`mZ {ZO\$ba{hVm Xod! ddmZafm&&2&&
Xod!=ho Xod
ddmZa!=ho ddmZa
MoX=`{X, ^dmZ=Amn
A{YYa{UVb=^yVbna
Z=Zmqh
Am{d^y`mX=H$Q> hmoVo
{ZJ_nWJVm=doXHo$ _mJno M{bdo_|
XdgJ}=XodgJ_|, A{n=h
OmVm:=OZ_o^ò
B_o=ò Efm=ò,
_ZwOm:=_Zw`
^yVZmWmo{XVm@g_mJdmVmYVw`m
Mm[aV AgZ _mJ$n
AYH$magm| AYogo hmo` OmVo
H$W_{n=H$mh mH$magm|
KmofmYre=dOHo$ A{Yn{VHw$
Zd=Zqhhr
mZw`w:=mV H$a gHo$ hmoVo
{ZO\$ba{hVm=AnZo \$bgm| a{hV
g{>:=g{>
`Wm=AW {~ZmH$s, M=hr
^y`mV=hmo` OmVr
lrdb^m>H$_
77
^mdmW : ho Xod, ho ApZd$n! `{X Amn `m ^yVbno H$Q> Z hmoVo Vmo

doXmoV_mJH$s gaUr_| XdgJ_|h H$Q> ^ò, {H$Vw lr_hmXodHo$ H$ho Ag_mJHo$
AYH$maVo AYoZH$s Vah ^ò ò Ord, lrZXZXZ lrH$UHw$ H$moC Vahgy h
mV Zmht hmoVo Ama AnZo lrh[a$n \$bgy a{hV ^B `h Xdr g{> h `W hmo`
OmVr&&2&&
Q>rH$m : A~ lrJwgmBOr H$hV h|, `{X lrAmMmÒr ^y{_no JQ> Z hmoVo Vmo ò
Xmo` ^m{VH$s Xdr g{>, _`mXm$n Amoa nw{>$n gmo `W hmoB OmVr. gmo H$mhoV|!
Omo JQ> Z hmoVo Vmo ò Xmo` H$m` {g Z hmoVo : nw{>_mJHo$ gmYZ Amoa \$bZ
H$mo kmZ H$mhH$m| Z hmoVmo. Vhm `h nydnj hmo` Omo _`mXm_mJ Vmo doXZo H$mo
ho VmHo$ gmYZ doX_| H$ho h| Vmo doXHo$ gmYZ g~ H$moC H$a|Jo, Vmgy _wpV hmo`Jr.
Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr _`mXm_mJHo$ gmYZ Amoa \$b H$ho h|, Vm ^m{VH$mo kmZ H$mhH$mo
hmo` Vmo \$b{g{ hmo` Vm ^m{VH$mo kmZ Zmht Vmo \$b h Zmht Vhm gXoh h Zmht.
Vhm `h gXoh hmoV ho Omo Amoa H$mhH$mo kmZ `m| Zmht? Vhm H$hV h| Omo
_`mXm_mJHo$ gmYZ {OZ_| H$ho h| Ego Omo doXdm` {VZH$mo g~ H$moC AnZo _ZHo$
AZwgma AW H$[aHo$ H$hZ bmJo, VmV| gmYZh AZoH$ ^m{VHo$ H$hZ bmJo. Vhm
H$hV h| Omo AZoH$ _VZH$mo _yb H$hm? gmo H$hV h| Omo lr_hmXodH$[a JQ> {H$ò
gmo _mohem {VZ_| AnZo-AnZo _ZHo$ AZwgma AW H$[a _`mXm_mJHo$ gmYZ
Amoa \$b H$hZ bmJo. VmV| EH$ ^m{VHo$ gmYZ Amoa \$b Z H$ho. Vo gmYZ\$b doX_mJgm| {d h|. H$hm ^m{V? Omo JrVm_| Vmo `m| H$mo ho ""^`m _m_
A{ÔmZm{V'' (^J.JrVm18&55) Omo ^pVgm| R>mHw$aHo$ d$nH$mo O~ kmZ
hmoB V~ R>mHw$a_| OmBHo$ {d> hmoB. AmZXH$mo AZw^d hmoB. gmo `h \$b doX_|
H$mo ho.
n[a _m`mdmXr em{d H$ho h| Omo EH$ {ZamH$ma ~ g` ho Amoa g~
{_`m ho. gmo H$pnV Jw O~ CnXoe H$aV h| Omo ""Aao! Vy Vmo {ZamH$ma ~
ho. Ord Vmo H$pnV ho'' gmo `m ^m{V O~ H$hV h| V~ CnXoeH$m| bodZdmamo
H$hV ho: ""_| ~ h -_| ~ h''. `m ^m{V O~ H$hV ho V~ OrdH$mo Zme
hmoV ho. `mH$mo Zm_ _wpV Omo H$hV h| gmo Z ~Zo. H$mhoVo? Omo _wpV Vmo nwfmW
lrdb^m>H$_
78
ho. Vmo OrdH$mo Zme ^`mo V~ \$bH$mo AZw^d H$moZ H$aoJmo? VmV| CZH$mo _V
doXgy {dho.
`mV| {d `mèmH$mo _V ho. do Vmo `m| H$hV h| Omo gmobh nXmW h|:
1._mU 2._o` 3.ge` 4.`moOZ 5.>mV 6.{gmV 7.Ad`d
8.VH$ 9.{ZU` 10.dmX 11.On 12.{dVS>m 13.hodm^mg 14.N>b
15.Om{V 16.{ZJhWmZ. BZ gmobh nXmWZH$mo kmZ gmo _wpV_| gmYZ ho.
Amoa _wpVH$m| gwI-Xw:IH$mo A`Vm^md H$[a _mZV h|. doX_| Vmo _wpVH$mo
d$n AmZX$n {Z$nU {H$`mo ho. VmV| ò _Vh doXgm| {d ho.
Amoa H$_dmXr H$hm H$hV h| Omo dJHo$ AmZXH$mo H$moC AZw^d H$ao VmH$mo
Zm_ "_wpV'. gmo doXgm| {d ho. H$mhoV|? doX_| ~mZXHo$ AZw^dH$m| hr
_wpV$n _m`mo ho. Amoa dJbmoH$_| Vmo H$Ny> ~mZXH$mo AZw^d ho Zmht. VmV|
BZ _mJZHo$ AZwgaU H$[adono doX_| H$mo Omo _wpV_mJ Vm_| {V~Y AmdV
ho.
VmV| BZ _mJZH$m| AYH$ma$n _m{Z`V ho. gmo H$mhoVo? Omo AYH$ma O~
hmoV ho V~ H$mhH$mo Om _mJno MbZmo hmo` gmo _maJ gyPV Zmht. VogoB AgV
emZHo$ H$maUh gmMmo _wpV_mJ gyPV Zmht. Vm H$[a AgV emZH$mo
AZwgaU H$[adodmaoZH$m| AYVw` OmZZmo. gmo H$mhoV|? Amgwar OrdZH$m| d{m{Zd{mH$mo kmZ gdWm hmoV Zmht. VmV| dm^m{dH$ AYd ho. n[a Xdr
OrdZH$m| Vmo _wpV`mo` _m`mo ho VmoD$ AgV emZHo$ AZwgaU H$[adono Vmo doh
AYVw` ~{Z OmV h|. n[a ggV| CZH$mo AkmZmYH$ma O~ Xy[a hmoV ho V~
_wpV_mJ \o$[a gyP naV ho. VmV| lrJwgmBOr lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZgm| H$hV h|
Omo Vw_ JQ> hmo`Ho$ _`mXm_mJH$mo gmYZ Amoa Omo \$b hVmo gmo {Z$nU {H$ò.
VmV| `{X Vw_ Z JQ> hmoVo Vmo _`mXm_mJH$mo \$bh Z hmoVmo. gmo H$hV h| Oogo
nw{>_mJu` Ord h| {VZH$m| h nw{>_mJHo$ gmYZH$mo kmZ Z hmodVmo Vmo {dZH$m|
gmjmV R>mHw$aH$mo g~Y$n \$bH$s mpV Z hmodVr.
Ahmo Xod! Vw_ H$sS>m H$[adoHo${bò JQ> ^ò hmo; Amoa Ahmo ddmZa!
Abm{H$H$ ApZ$n `m| H$hr `h OVmò Omo Vw__| _mJZHo$ \$b XodoH$mo gm_`
lrdb^m>H$_
79
ho. VmV| {Vhmao mJQ>Vo nhbo H$moC gmYZ OmZV Z hVmo. gmo Vw_ JQ> hmo`
gmYZ g~ZHw$ OVm` \$bXmZ {H$ò. VmV| Vw_ Omo JQ> Z hmoVo Vmo _`mXm$n
Amoa nw{>$n Omo XmoZm| ^m{VH$s Xdrg{> gmo dWm hmo` OmVr&&2&&
Vhm nydnj hmoB Omo Cm_ _mJ {OVZo h| Vo Vmo doX_| H$ho h|. doX_mJHo$
OmZZdmaoZH$m| h doXHo$ AWH$mo kmZ Vmo hmoBJmo. gmo _`mXm_maJ VWm nw{>_mJ
doX_| H$ho hm|` Vmo CZH$mo h kmZ hmo`Jmo. Vmo lrAmMmÒr _hm^w JQ> hmo`Ho$
H$hm {H$ò? Vhm H$hV h| Omo doXHo$ `m`mZ H$aZdmao h| {VZHw$ doXH$mo
Vmn`kmZ Zmht. H$mhoV|? Omo doX lrAmMmÒr _hm^wZHo$ AmJo hr A{^m`
JQ> H$aV h|, VmV| lrAmMmÒr _hm^w hr doXHo$ Vmn`H$mo OmZV h| Amoa H$moC
OmZV Zmht. gmo H$hV h|:
Z `mo dmJYremM N>{VJUdMgm ^md_ AmkmVw_ B>o
`_mV gmdr d^md H$Q>`{V dYya AJV: n`waod&&
V_mM N>rdb^m` dXw{XVdMZmX A`Wm $n`pV
^mVm ò Vo {ZgJ{Xe[anwV`m Ho$dbmYV_moJm:&&3&&
dmJYremX=dm{UHo$ AYregm|
lw{VJUdMgm=lw{VJUH$s dmUrHo$
A`:=Xygao
^md=^mdH$m|
AmkmVw=AmN>r^m{Vgm| Om{Zdo_|
lrdb^m`!=ho lr_hm^w!
Z{h=Zmqh
ò=Omo
B>o=g_W h|
dXw{XVdMZmX=VwhmaoH$hodMZZgm|
`_mV=`m|Ho$
A`Wm=Amoa Vahgm|
n`waod=n{VHo$hr
$n`pV={Z$nU H$a| h|
AJV:=AJmS>r
Vo=do
gmdr=gV
{ZgJ{Xe[anwV`m=d^mdgm|hr
dYy:=npZ
XdZHo$ {V Xw_{VHo$ H$maU
d^md=AnwZo ^mdH$m|
^mVm=^{_V
lrdb^m>H$_
80
H$Q>`{V=H$Q> H$ao ho
V_mV=Vmgm|
Ho$dbmYV_moJm:=_mAYV_-ZaH$Hw$ mV hm|` h|
^mdmW : dmUrHo$ n{VHo$ {gdm` Xygamo H$moD$ lw{VJUZHo$ dMZHo$ ^mdHw$

OZm`do_| g_W Zmht ho. `m| Omo n{VdVm r AnZo n{VHo$ AmJo hr AnZo
Ame`Hw$ H$Q> H$ao ho. Vmgy ho lrdb^mMm`! Omo bmoJ AmnHo$ H$ho dMZZgy
A`Wm doXZH$mo AW H$ho h|, do d^mdgy hr AgwaH${V hmo`dogy ^mV hmo`doV|
Ho$db AYV_Hy$ mV hmoV h|.
Q>rH$m : lrJwgmBOr H$hV h|, lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZV| A` H$moD$ doXH$mo
A{^m` Om{Zdo_| g_W Zmht. gmo H$mhoV|? Oogo n{VdVm r hmoB gmo AnZmo
A{^m` n{VhrHo$ AmJo JQ> H$ao ho Vm ^m{V doX h dmn{V lrAmMmÒrHo$
g_wI hr AnZmo A{^m` H$Q> H$ao h|. gmo H$mhoV|? doXdMZ R>mHw$aHo$ h|.
lrAmMmÒr _hm^w R>mHw$aHo$ _wIma{dX$n h|. gmo dMZH$mo n{V Vmo _wI hr
hmoV ho. VmV| lrAmMmÒr _hm^w doXHo$ n{V h|. AVEd nwfmom_H$mo hr _w`
H$[a {Z$nU H$aV h|; Xygao XodVmZH$mo R>mHw$aHo$ Ae H$[a, {d^y{V H$[a, godH$
H$[a {Z$nU H$aV h|. VmV| n{V hr n{VdVm rH$mo A{^m` OmZV ho. Vm ^m{V
lrAmMmÒr _hm^w hr doXH$mo A{^m` OmZV h|, Amoa H$moC OmZV Zmht.
Vmgm| lrAmMmÒr _hm^w doXH$mo Omo AW {H$ò Vmgy Omo {d H$hV h| Vo
^mV h|, {dZH$m| Amgwar Ord OmZZo. Amoa {dZH$mo H$mo Oo H$aV h| VoD$ Amgwar
Ord h|. gmo Amgwar OrdZH$m| Vmo _m`mH$s CnmgZm ho. VmH$mo \$b AYV_ hr
{_bo. dJm{X bmoH$ZH$s mpV_| `{n Xw:I Zmht n[a AmZXh Zmht. gmo
lrAmMmÒr _hm^wZHo$ mJQ>H$mo EH$ H$maU Xdr g>rHw$ gmWH$ {H$ò gmo
H$ho&&3&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMmÒr `m _mJHo$ mH$Q>H$mo Omo H$m` {H$ò Vmgy
lrR>mHw$aOrh gZ ^ò.
mXw^yVoZ ^y_m dOn{V-MaUm^moO-godm`-d_mH$Q> `V H$V Vo VXwV {ZOH$Vo lrhVmeo{V _ò&&

`_mX Ap_Z pWVmo `pH$_{n H$W_{n dm`wnmhVw_ BN>`m VX Jmo{nHo$e: ddXZH$_bo Mmhmgo H$amo{V&&4&&
lrhVme!=ho A{!,^y_m=^y{_no {ZOH$Vo={ZO^VZHo$
AW {H$`mo ho
mXw^yVoZ=H$Q> hmo`H|$
B{V=Egmo
Vo=dmo, `V=Omo
_ò=_mZw h
dOn{VMaUm^moOgodm`d_mH$Q>= `_mX=`m|Ho$
dOn{VHo$ MaUH$_bH$s godmHo$Ap_Z=`m_|
Zm_dmao _mJH$mo Omo mH$Q>
pWVmo=amo ^`mo
H$V={H$`mo ho, VX=dmo
`pH$_{n=OmoH$Nw>^r
CV={ZpMV$ngy
H$W_{n=H$moB^r Vahgy
dm{n=H$h^r
CnmhVw_=Xo`doHw$
Jmo{nHo$e:=JmonrZHo$ Be
BN>{V=BN>m H$ao ho
Mmhmgo=hgVo ^ò
Am={ZpMV$ngy
ddXZH$_bo=AnZo _wIH$_b_|
VX=dmHw$
H$amo{V=H$ao h|
^mdmW : ho ApZd$n! ^yVb na JQ> hmo`Ho$ AmnZo lrh[aHo$ MaUH$_bH$s
godm H$[adoH$mo _mJ Omo H$Q> {H$`mo ho gmo {ZM` H$aHo$ AnZo VWm ^VZHo${bò
hr H$Q> {H$`mo ho. `h _ _mZw h. `m| Omo `m _mJ_| pWV ^V H$moC dVw,
Ho$gr h Vahgy, H$h h a{hHo$ AnU H$aZmo Mmho Vmo dm dVwHw$lrJmonrOZdb^ AnZo gwXa hm`dmao _wIH$_b_| ArH$ma H$ao h|&&4&&
Q>rH$m : lrJwgmBOr lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZgm| H$hV h| Omo Vw_ JQ> hmo`Ho$
lrdb^m>H$_
81
lrdb^m>H$_
82
dOn{V Oo lrnyUnwfmom_ {VZHo$ MaUH$_bH$s godm H$[adoH$mo ò Omo godm_mJ

^y{_no JQ> {H$ò ho gmo AnZo gVmofHo${bò ho. H$mhoV|? n{hbo `{n nyOm_mJ
hVmo n[a dm_| lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$m| gVmof Z ^`mo. `m| Omo godm_mJ_|
nyUnwfmom_ go` h| Amoa nyOm_mJ_| {d^y{V$n go` h|. godm_mJ_| ^mdgy godm
hmoV ho A nyOm_mJ_| g_`H$m| {Z`m_H$ H$mo ho Omo g~ H$_ H$[aHo$ _`mZ_|
nyOm H$aZr. Amoa godm_| Vmo g_`H$mo {Z`_ Zmht. O~ _Z_| Amdo godm H$ao. Amoa
nyOm_mJ_| Zdo R>mHw$aOrHo$ {d^y{VHo$ AmJo YaoV| dh {d^y{V gZ hmoB. VmV|
A> hmoV ho Omo Vmgy \$b hmoB, ~hmoV Vmo _wpV hmoV ho. Amoa godm_mJ_| Vmo
g_{nV dVwH$m| nyUnwfmom_ gmjmV Amamo{JHo$ \$bV|h A{YH$ Omo \$b, Oo
dO^VZH$m| ^`mo, VmH$mo XmZ H$aV h|. VmV| godm_mJ_| nyOm_mJgm| ~S>r
{dbjUVm ho. VmV| lrAmMmÒr _hm^wH$m|h nyOm_mJ_| gVmof Z ^`mo. VmV|
^pV_mJ JQ> {H$ò.
Vhm lrJwgmBOr H$hV h| Ahmo hVme! ApZ$n H$ho. Oogmo ^pV_mJ
JQ> H$[adoH$mo gm_` ho Vogo Vw_ hmo. Amoa h_H$m| h Vw__| ~hmoV {ddmg ho.
gmo H$mhoV|? Vw_ H$[a JQ> {H$`mo Omo _mJ Vm_| Omo H$moC H$m` dm_| _Z H$[a
pW{V hmoB. gmo H$moZ ^m{V? earaH$mo {d{Z`moJ R>mHw$aH$s godm_| H$ao Amoa
dMZgy R>mHw$aHo$ JwUJmZ Jmdo, _Z R>mHw$ahr_| amIo. `m ^m{V Omo ahZdmamo ho gmo
`m _maJ_| AnZo hmoB Amdo gmo H$Nw> dVw emHo$ {d{Y {dZmh Omo R>mHw$aH$m|
g_{ndoH$s BN>m H$ao Vmo gmjmV {Mgy hgV dO^VZ g{hV nyUnwfmom_
AnZo _wImaqdXgy Amamo{JHo$ OrdZH$m| nw{>_mJH$mo \$bXmZ H$aV h|. Vmo lrJwgmBO r
lrAmMmÒr _hm^wgm| H$hV h| Omo Vw_ `h _maJ JQ> Z H$aVo Vmo Ord H$VmW
`m| H$[a hmoVmo&&4&&
A~ H$hV h| H$Xm{MV H$moC `m| H$ho Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^w $n Oo
ApZ ho Vm-$n hm|BJo? gmo gXoh Xy[a H$[adoH$m| H$hV h| Omo bm{H$H$ ApZHo$
Y_ Amoa lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZHo$ Y_ {d h|:
CUdH$-d^mdmo@`{V-{e{ea-dM:-nwO-nr`yf-d>raAmV}d`wJ-_mohmgwa-Zfw `wJnV Vmn_` Hw$dZ&&
dp_Z H$Um`Vm d H$Q>`{g M Zmo ^yV-Xodd_oVXlrdb^m>H$_
83
`_mX AmZXX lrdOOZ-{ZMò ZmeH$ MmgwamZo:&&5&&

CUdH$d^mdmo@{n=CUd hr d^md A{V{e{eadM:nwOnr`yfd{>:=
hmo`do noh, AmV}fw=XwIrOZZn|
A`V-erVb dMZ$n A_VH$s d{> g_mZ h|
^yV-Xodd=_hmXodnZm|
CJ_mohmgwaZfw=CJ_mohdmaoAgwaZno
Z:=Zht
Vmn=VmnHw$ A{n=^r
`_mX=`m|Ho$
A=`hm `wJnV=EH$gmW
EVV=ò, lrdOOZ{ZMò=
Hw$dZ=H$aVo ^ò
dOOZX|` h|
d=Vw_/Amn
AmZX_ = AmZX X|` h|
dp_Z=AnZo_|
AmgwamZo:=Amgwar ApZHo$
H$Um`Vm=lrH$UH$s _wIma{dXVmHw$
ZmeH$=Zme H$[adodmao h|
H$Q>`{g=H$Q>H$amohmo,
M=Amoa M=^r
^mdmW : CUdH$mo ho EH$ d^md {OZH$mo Egoh, XrZZHo$ D$na erVb
dMZ$n A_Vd{>Hw$ H$amo hmo Amoa g hr g ~S>o _mohdmao AmgwaZn| Vmn h
H$aV Amn-AnZo_| lrH$Um`nZoHw$ H$Q> H$amo hmo; {H$Vw ApZnZmo JQ>
Zmht H$amo hmo. H$maU Ho$ `h AmnH$mo d$n dOOZg_yh_| Vmo AmZX Xodo ho Amoa
AmgwampZH$mo Zmeh H$ao ho&&5&&
Q>rH$m : lrJwgmBOr H$hV h| Omo Vw_ D$JVmndmao hmo VmoC CUVm g{hV Zmht
hmo. Amoa bm{H$H$ ApZ Omo CUVm g{hV hmoV ho VmHo$ Vw_ KmVH$ hmo. bm{H$H$
ApZ$n H$moC H$ho gmoD$ Z H$hZmo. H$mhoV|? bm{H$H$ ApZH$s CUVm H$~hH$
~hmoV hmoB H$~hH$ WmoS>r hmoB. Amoa lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Vmo Abm{H$H$
AmZX$n Oo ApZ ho Vm $n h|. VmV| Amn_| CUVm `mar ho `h OmZZmo. Amoa
lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZ_| `mar hr ar{V ho gmo H$hV h| Omo Amn AnZo godH$ZH$s
AmVu Xo{IHo$ Oo dMZ H$hV h| gmo dMZ godH$Z_| Vmo erVb AWmV VmnH$m|
lrdb^m>H$_
84
Xy[a H$aZdmao A_V$n hmoV h| Amoa {dZ dMZH$m| O~ Agwa gwZV h| V~ CZH$m|
~wamo bJV ho. Vmgm| `{X lrAmMmÒr _hm^w mpZ hm|B Vmo Vmo AgwaZHo$
njnmVr h|-AgwaZHo$ go` h|- AgwaZHo$ Xy[a H$aZdmao Zmht! n[a lrAmMmÒr
_hm^w Vmo AnZo dMZ H$[a godH$ZH$m| AmZX CnOmdV h| Amoa AgwaZH$m| Xy[ah
H$aV h|. Oog| nyUnwfmom_H$mo _wIma{dX dO^VZH$s Am{V Xy[a H$aZdmamo ho
Amoa Amgwa XmdmpZH$mo nmZ H$aZdmamo ho. VmV| lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZ_| A
bm{H$H$ ApZ_| ~S>r `mar ar{Vho&&5&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Abm{H$H$ H$m` H$aZdmao h| VmVo
Abm{H$H$ AmZX_` h|. gmo H$hV h|:
AmZm`moV `X^mo ^dZ_ZbVg VM g` {d^mo! `VgJmXm ^yV$nmX A^dX AZbV: nwH$a ^yV$n_&&
AmZXH$d$nmV dX{Y^w `X A^yV H$UgodmagmpYeMmZXH$-d$ng VX{Ib_ C{MV hoVwgm` {h H$m`}&&6&&
{d^mo=ho {d^w!
AmZXH$d$nmV=AmZX_m
d$n
AmZm`moV=doXH$mo H$mo
dX=Amngy
`X=Omo, AZbV:=ApZgm|
A{Y^w=npdna
A^:=ObH$mo, ^dZ=hmoZmo
H$UgodmagmpY:=
VV=dmo, g`=g`
lrH$Ugodm${n agHo$ gmJa
M=Amoa, `V=Omo
AmZXH$d$n:=AmZX_md$n
gJmXm=g{>Ho$ Ama^_|
A^yV=^ò, VV=dmo
^yV$nmX=^yV$ngm|
H$m`}=H$m`_|
AZbV:=ApZgm|
hoVwgm`=hoVwH$mo g_mZnZmo
^yV$n=^yV$n, nwH$a_=Ob
{h=hr, A{Ib_=g~
A^dX=^`mo, `X=Omo
C{MV_=`mo` ho (Ed)
lrdb^m>H$_
85
^mdmW : doX_| ApZgy ObH$mo hmoZmo H$mo ho gmo g` ho. ho ^mo! g{>Ho$
Am{X_| Oogo ^yVd$n ApZgy ^yVd$n Ob ^`mo Vog| `m ^yVbno AmZXd$n
Amngy ò lrH$Ugodm$n agg_w h AmZXd$n hr ^`mo ho. `h C{MV h ho
`m| Omo H$m`_| H$maUH$mo gm` Amdo hr ho&&6&&
Q>rH$m : doX_| Ohm g{>H$s Cn{m H$hr ho Vhm nhbo AmH$me Cn`mo,
AmH$meVo dm`w, dm`wVo ApZ, ApZVo Ob gmo `m ^m{V Cn{m H$hr ho. gmo
Am{Y^m{VH$ nXmWH$s Cn{m H$hr ho. gmo lrJwgmBOr H$hV h|, Chm Omo ApZ
H$mo ho VmV| ObH$mo mJQ> ho. gmo bm{H$H$ ObH$mo mJQ> ho. H$mhoV|? Oogmo
H$maU hmoB VogmoB H$m` hmoB. Vmo H$maU bm{H$H$ JQ> ^`mo. Amoa lrAmMmÒr
_hm^w Amnw Vmo AmZXmpZ$n h| VmV| {dZVo JQ> ^`mo Omo ^y{_no lrR>mHw$aOrH$s
godm$nr na_mZXH$mo g_w gmoD$ Abm{H$H$ ho&&6&&
A~ Amoah Y_ZH$[a Abm{H$H$ ApZ$n lrAmMmÒr _hm^w h| gmo
{Z$nU H$aV h|:
dm{_Z lrdb^mZo! jU_{n ^dV: gpZYmZo H$nmV:
mUo>-dOmYrda-dXZ-{Xjm{V-Vmnmo OZofw&&
`V mXw^md_mZmo`w{MVVa{_X `mw nMmX AnrW
>o@`p_Z _wIoXm MwaVa_ CXoòd VpM_ EVV&&7&&
dm{_Z lrdb^mZo!=
jU_{n=jUh
ho dm{_ ApZd$n lrdb^!
gpZYmZo=gpZYmZ hmo`do no
^dV:=AmnHo$
H$nmV:=H$nmgm|
OZofw =bmoJZ_|
`mw=Omo Vmo, Ap_Z=ò
mUo>dOmYrdadXZ{Xjm{V_wIoXm=_wI$n MH$m|
Vmnmo=mUZgyh {` dOHo$
>o@{n=Xo{Ido
lrdb^m>H$_
86
A{Yn{VHo$ dXZH$m| Xo{IdoH$s

Am{VH$mo Vmn, `V=Omo
mXw^md_=H$Q>
AmZmo{V=hmo` ho
BX_=ò
C{MVVa=C{MVVa
nMmX=nrN>o, A{n=^r
BW=`m Vahgy
MwaVa_=A{Ve` VrdVmgm|
Ed=hr, CXo{V=H$Q> hmo` ho
VX=dmo, EVV=ò
{M_=AmMÒZH$ ho
^mdmW : dm{_Z! ApZd$n AmMm`d`! AmnHo$ jUâ gpZYmZgy, H$nm

H$aHo$ ^VZHo$ mUZgyh {` lrh[aHo$ _wIH$_bH$m| XoIdoH$s BN>mH$mo Vmn
hmo` ho, gmo C{MVhr ho. naVw nrN>o lrh[aHo$ _wIH$_bHw$ Xo{IHo$h {deofVa Vmn
hmo` ho ò AmM` ho!&&7&&
lrJwgmBOr H$hV h|, Ahmo lrdb^! Ahmo ApZ$n! h_mao dm_r!
{Vhmao nmg EH$ jUh ~oR>oV| {Vhmar H$nmV| mUhV| {` Omo lrnyUnwfmom_
{VZHo$ _wIma{dXH$mo XeZ Omo gmjmV hmoV Zmht VmV| {Vhmao godH$Z_| {Vhmao
nmg ahoVo Vmn hmoV ho `h ~mV Vmo C{MV ho. H$mhoVo? Oogo bm{H$H$ ApZhHo$
nmg ahoVo Vmn hmoV ho Amoa ApZ_| `m|-`m| BYZ A{YH$ hmoB `m|-`m| Vmnh
A{YH$ hmoV ho Vogo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s H$nm A{YH$ hmoB `m|-`m| Vmnh A{YH$
hmoB, `h ~mV Vmo C{MV ho. n[a `h ~S>mo AmM` ho Omo {Vhmamo EH$ ~ma Omo
nhbo ZH$Q> ^`mo VmHo$ nmN>o ZH$Q> {dZmh godH$ZH$m| Vmn CX` hmoB. H$mhoV|?
bm{H$H$ ApZ_| ZH$Q> {~Zm Vmo Vmn hmoV Zmht Amoa `hm Vmo ZH$Q> {dZm h
Abm{H$H$ R>mHw$aHo$ {_{bdoH$mo Vmn hmoV ho `h ~S>mo AmM` ho. Amoa H$hV h|
Omo M_mHo$ XoIoV| VmnH$mo {ZdVZ hmoB. `hm Vmo lrAmMmÒr _hm^wZHo$
_wIMHo$ XeZV| Abm{H$H$ Vmn JQ> hmoV ho. VmV| Vw_ Abm{H$H$ ApZ$n
hmo&&7&&
A~ Amoa h Y_ZH$mo {Z$nU H$[a lrAmMmÒrH$mo Abm{H$H$ d$n
Amoa nyUnwfmom_ d$n _mU H$[a {Z$nU H$aV h|:
lrdb^m>H$_
87
AkmZmYH$ma-e_ZnQw>Vm-`mnZm` {bmo`m_
ApZd d{UV Vo H${d{â{n gXm dVwV: H$UEd&&
mXw^yVmo ^dmZ B`Zw^d-{ZJ_mwV-_mZa Ado`
dm lrlrdbô_o {Z{Ib~wYOZm: JmoHw$boe ÔVo&&8&&
{bmo`m=VrZ bmoH$Z_|
H$U=lrH$U, Ed=hr
H${d{^:={dmZZZ|
mXw^yV:=H$Q> ^ò h|
A{n=h, Vo=dmo
B{V=ò
ApZd_=ApZnZm|
AZw^d{ZJ_mwV_mZ:=AZw^d doX
AkmZmYH$ma-e_Z-nQw>Vm-`mnZm`=Am{X_| H$ho _mUZgy
AkmZ Am{X AYH$maH$mo
Ado`=Om{ZHo$
Am{N> ^m{Vgm| e_Z H$[adoH$s
lrlrdb^=ho lrdb^!
MVwamBH$m| H$Q> H$[adoHo$ AW
dm=AmnHw$ B_o=ò
gXm=gXm
{Z{Ib~wYOZm=g~ km{ZbmoJ
d{UV=dUZ {H$`mo ho
JmoHw$boe=JmoHw$bHo$ BewHw$
dVwV:=g`_| Vmo,
^dmZ=Amn ÔVo=Ôo h|
^mdmW : `m ^yVbno npS>VZZ| AmnH$mo ApZnZmo Ho$db AkmZ$n AYH$maHo$
Xya H$adoH$mo MmVw` H$Q> H$adoHo${bò hr {H$`mo ho. dmVd_| Vmo Amn lrH$Uhr
H$Q> ^ò hmo Ego AZw^d Amoa emm{XHo$ _mUZgy Om{ZHo$, ho lrdb^mMm`!
gd {dmZ AmnHw$ JmoHw$boe Om{ZHo$ hr Ôo h|.
Q>rH$m : A~ lrJwgmBOr H$hV h| Omo Vw_ Ho$go hmo? H$m_-H$moY-bmo^-_moh_X-_gam{X ^Jd_mJH$m| Om{Zdo_| {V~Y$n XwJwUZH$m| Xya H$[adodmao hmo.
Oogo bm{H$H$ AYH$ma _maJ_| OmBdoH$mo {V~Y H$ao gmo bm{H$H$ ApZV| Xy[a
hmo` Vm ^m{V H$m_-H$moYm{X $nr AYH$ma VmHo$ Xy[a H$[adoH$mo {Vhmamo hr
gm_` ho. gmo Vw_ Abm{H$H$ ApZ$n hmo. `mVo Oo ~S>o-~S>o kmZr h| Vo Vw_Hw$
"ApZ' H$hV h|. n[a Omo {Vhmamo d$n {dMm[a Xo{I`| Vmo Abm{H$H$ AmZX_`
lrdb^m>H$_
88
Vw_ hmo. VmV| lrH$U nyUnwfmom_ VoB JQ> ^ò hmo. Vhm _mU H$hm? Vhm
lrJwgmBOr Amnw H$hV h| Omo EH$ Vmo AZw^d _mU ho. h_ Vw_Hw$ nyUnwfmom_
hr XoIV h|.
Amoa lrAmMmÒr _hm^w nyUnwfmom_ ho Bhm H$UXmgZo W_
npdn[aH$_m_| lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$s godm ~hmoV H$s{Z V~ Amn gZ
hmoBHo$ H$ho Omo Vy H$Nw> _m{J, _| XoCJmo. V~ H$UXmgZo VrZ dVw _mJr: EH$
Vmo nyU AnZo _mJHo$ {gmVH$mo kmZ hmoB. Xygamo _wIaVmXmof {Zdm hmoB. Amoa
Vrgamo _oao JwHo$ Ka nYmamo. V~ Xmo` dVw Vmo Xr{Z Amoa JwHo$ Ka nYm[adoH$s
Zmht H$ar. nmN>| H$UXmg AnZo JwHo$ Ka J`mo V~ JwZo nyN`mo Omo VoZo _moHw$
N>m{S>Ho$ Amoa Jw H$sZmo ho? V~ H$UXmg H$ho Omo Jw Vmo _oao Vw_ hr hmo n[a
{Vhmar H$nmV| _|Zo nyUnwfmom_ nmò h|. V~ JwZo H$hr nyUnwfmom_ `m|
Om{Zò? V~ H$UXmgZo OaVr ApZ hmW_| boHo$ H$ho ""`{X lrAmMmÒr
_hm^w gmjmV nyUnwfmom_ hm|` Vmo `h ApZ _moHw$ ^_ _{V H$[a`mo, ZmVa
_oao hmW ^_ hmo` O`mo''. gmo `h H${hHo$ Xmo` Kar VmB dm ApZHw$ AnZo hmW_|
{bò aho. V~ JwZo S>a{nHo$ dh ApZ H$UXmgHo$ hmW_|Vo S>adm` XrZmo. Amoa
`h g` _m`mo Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^w gmjmV lrnyUnwfmom_ h|. `m R>moa
H$UXmgH$mo AZw^d _mU.
B{V lr{nVnmXmO-namJmaVMoVgm&
lrdbôZ {ddV_ A{Ib db^m>H$_&&
lrJwgmBOrHo$ MaUH$_bH$s H$nm H$[a lrdb^m>H$s Q>rH$m h_ {H$ò.
VmV| lrAmMmÒr _hm^w _moH$m| AnZmo godH$ OmZr h_ D$na H$nm H$amo. Amoa
Omo _ `h Q>rH$m H$sZr gmo lrJwgmBOrHo$ MaUH$_bH$mo Omo namJ Vmgy a`mo ho
{MV OmH$mo Egmo hmoBHo$ H$sZr ho. VmV| `h Q>rH$m ^br^m{V nyU ^B.
&&B{V lrJmoHw$bZmWOr {da{MV lrdb^m>H$_H$s Q>rH$mH$mo
dO^mfmZwdmX gnyU ^`mo&&
Amoa Oo godH$ lrAmMmÒr _hm^wZHo$ d$nH$mo AZw^d H$aV h| {VZH$mo

AV:H$aU _mU ho. do `m| OmZV h| Omo Amn nyUnwfmom_ h|. Amoa doXh _mU
ho. H$mhoV| ? doX_| gmH$ma d$nH$mo {Z$nU {H$ò h| Vmo _wIma{dX$n lrAmMmÒr
_hm^w h| VmV| doXh AmnHo$ d$nH$mo nyUnwfmom_ H$hV h|. gmo lrJwgmBOr
BVZo _mU H$[a H$hV h| Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^wZH$m| nyUnwfmom_ Om{ZHo$
godH$ZH$m| ÔZ H$aZmo&&8&&
A~ lrJmoHw$bZmWOr H$hV h|
{nVnmXmOH$n`m {ddV db^m>H$_&
j_`Vw gXmMm`m ^ò _{` lrdbô&&
lrdb^m>H$_
89
lrdb^m>H$_
90
&&lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_&&
(4)
(lrh[aamÒrH$VdO^mfmQ>rH$monoV)
nwpQ>gXm`Ho$ dVH$ Jw$n lrdb^H$mo gVYm dUZ- Y{_d$n1
VWm Eod`m{X N> JwUY_ZHo$ $n_|2-7
Vhm lrh[aamÒr lrAmMmÒrgm|-lrJwgmBOrgm| {dZVr H$aV h| Omo
_m|H$mo o_m_VH$s Q>rH$m H$[ado_| `mo`Vm XoC. gmo H$mhoVo? Omo o_m_VJW
lrAmMmÒrH$s H$nmV| lrJwgmBOr dUZ {H$ò h|. Vm_| nyUnwfmom_ Y_g{hV
Ogo lrH$U h|, Vmhr d$n H$[aHo$ lrAmMmÒrH$mo dUZ {H$ò h|. Eogo
lrAmMmÒrH$m| _ ~ma~ma Z_H$ma H$aV h. gmo EH$ bmoH$ H$[a _bmMaU
H$hV h|Z_mo AmMm`brbmpY-o_grYw_hrYa:&
nm{Unr`yfgdH$V lr{dQ>R>b! Z_mo@Vw Vo&&
A~ lrAmMmÒr Amn Ho$go h? Vhm H$hV h|, Omo {OVZr lrR>mHw$aOrH$s
brbm ho gmo na_ J^ra g_wdV h|, gmo lrAmMmÒrHo$ X`{dfo Wm{nV h|,
gmo A_V$nr brbmag ho, {VZHo$ nmZH$Vm lrJwgmBOr Amn h|. VmVo {OVZr
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s brbm ho gmo g~ lrAmMmÒr Amn AZw^d H$[aHo$ AnZo X`_|
amIV h|. Ego lrAmMmÒrH$m| _ ~ma~ma Z_H$ma H$aV hm|. Amoa lrAmMmÒrHo$
X`Ho$ ^rVa Omo ag ho {VZHo$ nmZH$Vm lrJwgmBOr h|, {VZH$m| _ ~ma~ma
Z_H$ma H$aV hm|. Omo _mo D$na gZ hmoD$. _oao Omo _ZmoaW h| o_m_VJWH$s
Q>rH$m H$[ado_| gmo nyU hmo`doH$s `mo`Vm _moH$m| XoD$. `m H$ma _bmMaU H$[aHo$
{dZVr H$sZr. A~ o_m_VH$mo bmoH$ H$hV h|(nwpQ>gXm`dVH$ Jw$n lrdb^H$mo d$nbjU : ""lrH$Ubrbm$nlr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
91
godmH$Wm_| namÙ ahV h|'' gmo hr Y{_d$n1 H$hmdVh|)

\w$aV-H$U-o_m_V-ag-âoUm{V-^[aVm
{dhmamZ Hw $ dm U m d O n{V-{dhmampYfw gXm&&
{`m Jmo n r^Vw \w $ aVw gVV "db^' B{V
Wmd`_mH $ {X gw ^ J_y { V gH$Um&&1&&
\w$aH$Uo_m_VagâoU=\w$am`_mZ hmoVo H$Uo_$n A_VagHo$ âgm|
A{V^[aVm=Mya âr ^B
"db^:'=db^
dOn{V{dhmampYfw=
B{V=Egr
dOn{VHo$ {dhma$n g_w_|
WmdVr={g{ dmar
gXm=gXm
gH$Um=H$UmdmZ
{dhmamZ={dhmaZHy$
gw^J_y{V=gwXa _y{V
Hw$dmUm=H$aVr ^B
A_mH$=h_mao
Jmonr^Vw=JmonrOZZHo$ n{V
{X=X`_|, gVV=gVV
{`m={`
\w$aVw=\w$am`_mZ hmoC
^mdmW : \w$[aV hmoVo H$Uo_$n A_Vaggm| AVrd âr ^B, dOn{V
lrH$UHo$ {dhma$n gmJa_| gXm {dhma H$[adodmar Jmonrn{VH$m| {` "db^'
Zm_gm| {d`mV H$Umgm| âr ^B gwXa _y{V h_mao X`_| \w$[aV hmodo&&1&&
Q>rH$m : A~ lrnyUnwfmom_ Oo lrH$U h| {VZHo$ X`_|-A-A_| o_ ^`m}
ho. gmo o_ na_{_> ho, Oogo A_V na_{_> ho, gmo lrA_| Egmo ^`m} ho Omo Vhm
g_mV Zmqh ho.
V~ lrR>mHw$aOr _Z_| {dMma {H$ò Omo `h ag H$moZ-H$moZH$m| XmZ H$am|?
V~ `h _Z_| {~Mma {H$ò Omo `m agHo$ nm Vmo dO^V h|, {VZH$m| XmZ H$am|.
Vm nmN>| \o$[a {dMma {H$E Omo H$mZ H$ma XmZ H$am|? Amoa H$mZmam XmZ H$am|?
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
92
V~ EH$mV g_` ~mgwar ~OmB JmonrOZH$m| ~wbmBHo$ {VZH$m| ÔZmZXagH$mo

XmZ {X`mo. VogoB lrAmMmÒr Amn na_ H$nm H$[aHo$ XdrOrdZHo$ CmamW JQ>
hmoBHo$ ndr n[aH$_m {H$ò. Vhm OrdZH$m| ggma_| ~hmoVhr _mo{hV XoIo. nmN>o
Amn JmoHw$b nYmao Vhm OrdZHo$ CmaH$mo {~Mma H$aV hVo Vmhr g_`
lrnyUnwfmom_ JQ> hmoB H$ho Omo ""OmH$m| ~g~Y H$amAmoJo VmHo$ gH$b
Xmof Xy[a hmoBJ|, {VZH$m| _ ArH$ma H$$Jmo''. V~ lrAmMmÒr Amn gZ
hmoBHo$ n{dm nhamò.
VmVo Amn Om dUdH$mo A{YH$ma Oogmo ho Vmhr H$maH$mo XmZ H$aV h|.
gmo lrAmMmÒr Amn Ho$go h|? Omo Oogo nyUnwfmom_Ho$ gnyU lrA_|
ag ^`m} ho gmo dO^VZHo$ X`_| doUwmam XmZ {H$ò h|, Vog| hr lrAmMmÒrHo$
lrA{dfo lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo brbm$n Omo ag ho VmH$m| XdrOrdZH$m| XmZ H$aV h|.
gmo Om H$ma lrR>mHw$aOr doUwmam AnZo dO^VZH$m| agXmZ {H$ò Vog| hr
lrAmMmÒr Xdr OrdZH$m| Zm_g_nUmam agH$mo XmZ {H$ò h|.
""H$aV H$nm {ZO Xdr OrdZ na lr_wI~MZ gwZmB,
doUwJrV nw{Z `wJbJrVH$s ag~aIm ~agmB''
`m H$ma AnZo godH$ZHo$ gJ H$Wm$nr Omo A_V {VZH$s dfm H$aV h|,
OrdZH$m| ~g~Y H$amdV h| Amoa {VZHo$ Ka d$ngodm nYamdV h|. gmo Vhm
lrAmMmÒr g~ dVwH$mo ^moJ H$amdV h|. `mV| Omo dUd gm_Jr H$[aHo$
lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ AmJo Y[aHo$ `m H$magm| {~ZVr H$aV h| Omo ""_hmamOm{YamO
lrAmMmÒrH$s H$mZrV| ArH$ma H$[a`|'' V~ lrR>mHw$aOr lrAmMmÒrH$s
H$mZrV| gm_Jr AmamoJV h|.
Omo EH$ {XZ lrAmMmÒrHo$ Bhm ^S>ma_| H$Ny> gm_Jr Zmht hVr. V~
^S>marZo Amngm| H$hr Omo AmO ^S>ma_| H$Nw> grYmo-gm_mZ Zmht ho. V~
lrAmMmÒrZo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s EH$ gmoZmH$s H$Q>moar H$mT>rHo$ Xr{Z. VmH$m| JhZo
({Jadr) Y[aHo$ grYmo-gm_mZ bmò. gmo _bmgm| e`Zn`V gm_Jr {g
H$[aHo$ lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| ^moJ g_n}, naVw Vm_| Amn Ka_| lrAH$mOr g{hV
aMH$h _hmgmX Z {bò. dh gmX Jm`ZH$m| IdmB {X`mo. Vm nmN>o dUd
ôQ>H$s _mohmoa bo Am`mo V~ lrAmMmÒrZo ^S>marH$m| ~wbmBHo$ H$mo Omo H$Q>moar
Nw>S>mB bmdmo Amoa grYmo-gm_Jr bo Amdmo. Vm nmN>| Xygao {XZ O~ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s
godmgy nhm|Mo V~ Amn g~ZZo ^moOZ {H$ò. Vm nmN>| g~ godH$ Q>hbwdm dUdZ
D$na gZ hmoBHo$ {ejm {Xò Omo `m H$ma godm_| gmdYmZ a{h`mo. gmo Ego
lrAmMmÒr Amn lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm H$aVo&&1&&
O~ lrR>mHw$aOr dXmdZ_| doUw ~OmdV h| V~ dO_| Omo Ord h| new-njr

{VZ_| OmH$mo Oogmo A{YH$ma ho {VZH$mo Vmhr ^m{Vgmo agXmZ H$aV h|. Vog|hr
lrAmMmÒr Amn Zm_-g_nUH$mo XmZ Omo Ord eaU AmdV h| {VZH$mo H$aV
h|. Vhm ~mU-j{`-d`-ey-r g~ZH$m| XmZ H$aV h|. n[a Omo Om
H$maH$mo nm ho {VZH$mo Vm H$maH$mo XmZ H$aV h|. Vmgm| lrèmoXmOrHo$ Ka Omo
AX^wV ~mbH$ ho dm_| H$mhH$mo _Z bmJV ho. OmH$mo lrR>mHw$aOr_| g`^mdH$s
dmN>Zm ho VmH$m| g`^md hr {g H$aV h|. Omo ^md Jmo{dXdm_rH$mo {g
^`mo Vog| {g hmoB. OmH$mo A{YH$ma emaag_| hmoB VmH$mo dogmo XmZ H$aV h|.
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
93
Amoa Oog| dO^V lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| Xo{IHo$ o_gm| _mo{hV hmoV h| Ego hr

lrAmMmÒr _hm^w ghOhr_| na_ gwXa h|; A na_ H$UmdV h|. Omo Om
OrdHo$ D$na H$Um{>gy XoIV h| VmHo$ gH$b _ZmoaW nyU hmoV h|. Amoa Amn
na_ {daVXem_| ahV h|. (VmV|) Omna H$nm H$aV h| {VZH$mo {daVXem mV
hmoV ho. gmo H$mhoV|?
`m H$ma W_ bmoH$_| `h {gmV ^`mo Omo OoVo Y_ lrR>mHw$aOr_| h|

Vo gd Y_ lrAmMmÒr_| h| VmV| lrH$U$n hr Om{ZHo$ lrAmMmÒrH$mo ÔZ
H$aZm|. A~ Xygamo bmoH$
H$hV h|(nwpQ>g_Xm`_| Jw$n lrdb^H$mo Eod`2$n JwU : lr^mJdVVdkVm
ho)
lr^mJdV-{VnX-_{Uda-^mdm e w - ^y { fVm _y { V &&
"lrdb^m'{^Ym Zg VZmoVw {ZOXmg` gm^m`_&&2&&
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
94
lr^mJdV{VnX_{Uda^mdmew^y{fVm=
lr^mJdVHo$ _{U Oogo òH$
nXHo$ ^md$n {H$aUZgm| emo{^V
lrdb^m{^Ym="lrdb^'Zm_gm|{g
_y{V=_y{V, Z=h_
{ZOXmg`={ZO XmgZHo$
gm^m`=gm^m`H$mo
VZmoVw={dVma H$amo
^mdmW : lr^mJdVHo$ òH$ nX$n Cm_ aZHo$ ^md$n {H$aUZgy {d^y{fV

"lrdb^' Zm_dmar _y{V h_mao H$mO {ZOXm`-gm^m`Hw$ ~T>md|&&2&&
Q>rH$m : A~ lr^mJdV Ho$gmo ho? Omo ^Jdd$n hr h. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo Oogo
lrR>mHw$aOr ~mS> {dfo AnZmo gy_$n H$[aH|$ `m{n aho h|, lrR>mHw$aOrHo$
{~Zm H$moB nXmW Zmht ho, Vog| hr lr^mJdV_| gddVyZHo$ dUZ h| gmo g~
lr^mJdV_| JQ> h|. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo lrR>mHw$aOr AdVma {bò h| gmo Mmo~rg
AdVmaZH$mo dUZ lr^mJdV_| ho. Omo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ ÔZV| kmZ hmoV ho. gmo Om
OrdH$mo Oogmo A{YH$ma hmoB VmH$m| VogmoB AZw^d hmoB. H$mhoV|? Omo eofZmJOr
gXm lr^mJdV H$hV h|, Amoa lr^mJdV {dXwa-_oÒr nana H$hV h|-gwZV
h|, Amoa jragmJa_| ZmamÙOr H$hV h| Amoa lrb_rOr gwZV h|. `mhrV|
lr^mJdV ^Jdd$n ho. gmo Egr ^mJdV `m npdna OrdZHo$ CmaH$s ZmH$m
ho. VmH$s Q>rH$m H$[ado_| lrAmMmÒr Amnw (hr g_W h|. `m|? Omo) gmjmV
nyUnwfmom_ h|. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo lr^mJdV$nr ndV ho, Omo ndV_| AZoH$
H$maHo$ dj-Kmg hm|` Amoa _{Uh hmoB. Vog| lr^mJdV$n Omo ndV ho Vm_|
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s ~mbbrbm-agbrbm ho gmo _{U ho. gmo ndV_| Omo OmV ho
VmhrH$m| _{U {_bo. gmo lr^mJdV_| brbm$n _{U ho VmHw$ lrAmMmÒr Amnw
OmZV h| gmo Amn lrgw~mo{YZr B`m{XH$ JQ> {H$ò h| Vm_| ZmZm H$maHo$ ^md
JQ> {H$ò h|. gmo lr^mJdV_|Omo _{U hodmohr Am^yfU lrAmMmÒrHo$ AA_| na_ emo^m XoVh|.
Amoa lr^mJdV Ho$gmo ho? Omo _hmJ^ra g_w ho Oogo jrag_w ho. VmH$mo
lrAmMmÒr _hm^w _WZ H$[aHo$ Vm_|Vo Omo MmXh_mo aZ hVmo ^Jdbrbm$n
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
95
Omo A_V VmH$m| {ZH$mao. Amoa Chm g_w _WZ H$[aHo$ aZ {ZH$mgo Omo gwaXodVmZH$m| lrR>mHw$aOrZo {Xò Amoa A_Vh XodVmZH$m| nmZ H$amò Vogo Bhm
lrAmMmÒr Amn lr^mJdV$n g_wH$m| _{WHo$ nwfmom_$n A_V {ZH$mgo
gmo AnZo Xdr godH$ZH$m| AZw^d H$amò h|. Amoa Omo H$_OS> hVo {VZH$m| H$_
~Vmò. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo CZH$m| lrnwfmom_H$s brbmH$mo A{YH$ma Zmht ho. Oogo
Chm amjgZH$m| dmUr Xr{Z ho Vogo Bhm H$_OS>ZH$m| gmoB Xr{Z ho. Amoa Chm
b_rOr Amn amIo Vog| Bhm lrAmMmÒr Amn g~ AdVmaZH$s brbm N>mo{S>Ho$
lrH$U nyUnwfmom_ h| {VZH$s brbmHo$ ^md h| {VZH$m| X`_| amIV h|.
Amoa lr^JdmZ _mo{hZr$n Y[aHo$ AgwaZH$w _moh {H$ò h| Vog| Bhm lrAmMmÒr
_Zw`$n Y[aHo$ ndrD$na ZmZm H$maH$s H$sS>m {H$ò h| gmo Omo AmgwarOrd h|
do Zmht OmZV h|. Amoa XdrOrd hVo gmo Vmo nyUnwfmom_ Om{ZHo$ ^mdg{hV ÔZ
H$aV h|. {VZH$m| Amn eaU boV h|. Amoa Chm _mo{hZr$n Xo{IHo$ _hmXod Am{X
_mohHw$ mV hmoV h| Vog| lrAmMmÒrH$m| Xo{IHo$ ~S>o-~S>o F${f-_wZr npS>V,
_m`mdmXr gmo g~ _moh nmdV h|. VmhrVo dmX H$[adoH$mo AmdV h|. V~ Amn
~dmX H$[aHo$ g~ZHo$ dmXZH$mo IS>Z H$aV h|. Ego lrAmMmÒr AnZmo
_mhm` JQ> H$[a ndrD$na JQ> ^ò h| gmo lr^mJdV doX-nwamUH$m| _{WHo$
lrnyUnwfmom_H$s brbm$nr Omo Abm{H$H$ Am^yfU h| {VZH$[aHo$ lrAmMmÒr
Amn na_ emo^m`_mZ hmoV h|.
Ama lrAmMmÒr Ho$go h|? _y{VdV h|. VmH$mo AW `h Omo d$nm_H$
h|. `h Omo d$nm_H$ H$moZ H${hE? gmo H$hV h| Omo OmH$mo d$n Abm{H$H$
hmoB gmo H$mhH$s ~w{_|, _Z_| VWm {Mm_| Amdo Zmht. H$mhoV| ? Omo lrAmMmÒrHo$
d$nH$mo {ZYma doXm{XH$h Zmht H$[a gH$V h|, ""Zo{V Zo{V'' H$[aHo$ Vw{V H$aV
h|. Omo Egmo AX^wV d$n AIS> ho Omo gXm EH$ag hmoV ho. VmV| d$ndV
h|.
Ego lrAmMmÒrH$m| "db^' H${hE. Omo g~ZH$m| AmZXXm`H$ h|. gd
m{U_mHo$ {hVH$Vm h|. H$mhoV|? Omo Amn na_ H$m{UH$ h|, na_ X`mb h|,
VmVo "db^' H${h`V h|. Amoa lrAmMmÒr Amn lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| A`V {`
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
96
h|, mUdb^ h|. {OZHo$ {dZm lrR>mHw$aOr EH$ jU a{h gH$V Zmht VmV|
"db^' Egmo Zm_ ho.
gmo lr^mJdV_| {Z${nV lrnyUnwfmom_H$s brbm$n Am^yfU {VZHo$
A-A_| O{Q>V h|, {VZgm| Amn na_ Abm{H$H$ _y{VdV h|, m{U_mHo$
db^ h|, g~ZHo$ nmofUH$Vm h| Amoa Amn XdrOrd Oo AmnHo$ godH$ h| {VZHo$
na_ gm^m`$n h|&&2&&
(nwpQ>gXm`_| Jw$n lrdb^H$mo dr`3$n JwU : ^Jdgodm_| {V~YH$
dmXZH$mo {ZamH$aU H$[aHo$ lrH$UgodmHo$ oaH$ hmoZmo ho)
_m`mdmXV_mo {Za` _Yw { ^V - go d m`-d_m X ^ w V
lr_X - Jmo H w $ bZmW-g_gw Y m-gmnH $ VjUmV &&
Xw mn H$Q>rMH$ma H$Um-amJm{V-g_mo h Z
g lrdb^-^mZwbg{V ` lrdbdremVa&&3&&
`=Omo,_m`mdmXV_mo=_m`mdmX$n- lr_moHw$bZmWg_gwYmgmnH$_=
AYH$maH$mo, {Za`=Zme H$[aHo$
lrH$UHo$ g_H$s gwYmH$m|
Xwmn=H${R>ZVmgm| mV hmo`
gHo$ Egr ghOVmgm| mV H$am`dodmao AX^wV=AX^wV
_Yw{^V-godm`-d_=_YwVHo$
g=dmo, lrdbdremVa=
ghmaH$H$s "godm'Zm_H$mo _mJ
JmonrOZZHo$ Be {OZHo$ AVa_|
H$Q>rMH$ma=H$Q> {H$`mo
{~amOV h| Eg
H$Um-amJm{V-g_mohZ=H$Um A- lrdb^^mZw=lrdb^$n gy`
AZwamJ gm| A{Ve` g_wY
Cbg{V=emo^m`_mZ hmoV h|
Z gHo$ Egr, lrJmoHw$bZmWHo$ g_H$s gwYmH$m| VjU mV H$am`dodmamo

AX^Vw lrH$UgodmH$mo _mJ {OZZo H$Q> {H$`mo Ego Amn lrH$U$n lrdb^$n
gy` Cb{gV hmoV h|&&3&&
Q>rH$m : A~ lrAmMmÒr Amn Ho$go h|? _m`mdmX${n AYH$ma VmH$m|
{ZdmaU H$aV h|. Omo Oog| A{Y`mamo Ka hmo` Vhm O~ XrnH$ H$[aò V~ gJamo
AYH$ma Xy[a hmoB. Amoa Oog| gy`Ho$ CX` ^ò ndrH$mo AYH$ma {~Zm l_hr
Xy[a hmoV ho. Amoa Omo ò _m`mdmX ndrna JQ>mo ho gmo H$mhoV|? Omo ò _m`mdmX
ho gmo _hm AYH$ma$n hr hmoB OrdZH$m| na_ _moh CnOmdo ho. gmo doX-nwamUZHo$
Vmn`{df`r^yV AWH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ A Xe_r-{dm EH$mXer OrdZH$m|
H$am` Amoah ~{h_wI H$amdV h|. Ego OrdZH$m| A`ml`h H$adm` XoV ho. VmV|
g~ Ord _m`mdmXHo$ ^__| hmoB doX-{d AmMaU {H$E V~ lrR>mHw$aOr
{dMmao Omo A~ ndrD$na _m`mdmX ~hmoV dm ^`mo ho, Vm H$[aHo$ XdrOrd h|
gmoD$ _m`mdmXHo$ ^__| hmoB aho h|, `m H$ma {dMmarHo$ lrAmMmÒrH$m| Amkm
{Xò Omo Vw_ ndrna JQ> hmoB _m`mdmXH$mo IS>Z H$ar ~dmXH$mo WmnZ H$amo
Amoa Xdr OrdZH$m| eaU bo`Ho$ {dZHo$ _Z_| Oo ZmZmH$maHo$ gXoh hmoV h|
{VZH$m| Xy[a H$amo, V~ {dZH$m| _oar mpV hmo`Jr. VmV| Vw_ ndrna nYmamo. `h
H$m` Vwhmao {~Zm Amoa H$mhgm| {g hmoV Zmht ho. VmV| Vw_hr `h H$m` H$[ado_|
g_W hmo. V~ lrAmMmÒrH$m| OrdZna na_H$nm AmB. H$mhoV|? Omo Amn na_
X`mb h|. AnZo XdrOrdZHo$ Xw:I aMH$h Xo{I gH$V Zmht. VmV| lrAmMmÒr
Amn ndrD$na JQ> ^ò. V~ ndr-n[aH$_mH$mo {_g H$[aHo$ nYmao. V~ AmnZo
AZoH$ doX-nwamU-_{VH$mo >mV(_mU) Xo`Ho$ _m`mdmX IS>Z {H$ò.
^mdmW : nw{>OrdZn| X`mHo$ ^mdgm| VWm nw{>^w_| AZwamJHo$ ^mdgm| _wY

hmo`Ho$ AmnZo _m`mdmX$n AYH$maH$mo {ZdVZ H$[a ghOV`m H$mhH$m| {_{b
EH$ g_` Amn H$mer nYmao. Vhm AZoH$ _m`mdmXr dmX H$aZ
AmdV hVo. V~ lrAmMmÒrHw$ ^moOZ H$aZHw$ gOm hmo` OmVr, V~ VmB
g~ godH$ Obh Z boVo. V~ Amn {dMma {H$ò Amoa "nmdb~Z' JW
{H$E. nmN>| g~ dmXr {ddodaZmWHo$ XeZH$m| {Z` AmdVo Vhm Amn
"nmdb~Z'H$mo AmamonU {H$E. Vhm g~ dmXr JWH$m| Xo{IHo$ {Zma
hmoB OmVo. `m H$ma _m`mdmXH$mo IS>Z ^`mo. V~ g~ godH$ZH$m| na_
AmZX ^`mo.
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
97
98
H$mhoV| ? Omo _m`mdmX$nr {V{_aH$mo Zme ^`mo. V~ Xdr Ord lrAmMmÒrH$s

eaU AmB na_ gwI nmò. H$mhoV|? Omo n{hbo _m`mdmXHo$ H$maU OrdZH$m|
gXoh ahoVmo VmV| T> Aml` H$[aHo$ lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ÔZ hmoV Zmht. Amoa O~
Amn na_ VoOdmZ gy` JQ> ^ò V~ _m`mdmX$n AYH$maH$mo Zme ^`mo,
dUdZH$mo gXoh$n AYH$maH$mo Zme ^`mo. VmV| EH$ T> Aml` H$[aHo$ EH$
lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ÔZ H$aZ bmJo. H$mhoV|? Omo Ohm VmB _Z_| gXoh aho Vhm VmB
\$bmpV Z hmoB. VmhrVo ^JdXJrVm_| AOwZ {V ^JdmZ H$ho h| ""ge`m_m
{dZ`{V'' (JrVm4&40) Amoa O~ T> Aml`-AZ`Vm hmoB Vhm gd \$b
{g hmoB. VmV| O~ godH$ZH$mo gXoh {Zdm ^`mo V~ lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ÔZ H$aZ
bmJo.
Vm nmN>| lrAmMmÒr Amn ^Jdgodm nw{>_mJH$s ar{Vgm| JQ> {H$ò
Om_| gmjmV nyUnwfmom_H$s godm hmoV ho. Vm_| g_`-WmZmZwgma ^JdgwIH$mo
{dMma H$[aHo$ d-Am^yfU-gm_Jr lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| ArH$ma H$amdV h|. gmo
godm Ho$gr ho? Omo JmoHw$bHo$ n{V lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo gmjmV XeZ-g~Y hmoV ho.
gmo H$mhoV|? Omo Amoa _mJ h| `Wm kmZ_mJ, H$__mJ, CnmgZm_mJ, `moJ_mJ gmo
Vm_| gmYZ `mao A \$b `mao h|. H$mhoV|? Omo gmYZ H$ao V~ H$moBH$mo \$b
hmoB. gmoC \$b bm{H$H$ hmoB Amoa gmoC H${bHo$ Xmof H$[aH|$ H$mhH$mo {g hmoV
Zmht. VmV| lrAmMmÒr Amn lrnyUnwfmom_H$s brbm Egr lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm
~Vmò. Vm_| gmYZh \$b$n ho. Om_| H$Xm{MV ^ybh nS>o Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr
AgZ Z hmoB, \$b Xodo_| AVam` Z H$a|. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo Amn na_ X`mb
h|. OrdH$s H$ar ^B aMH$h godmH$m| ~hmoV H$[a _mZV h|.
Amoa lrAmMmÒr Amnw lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ _wImaqdX$n Omo ApZ ho Vm$n h|,
VogmoB AmnH$mo Vmnm_H$ nw{>_mJ ho. VmV| `m _mJ_| \$bmpV_| Vhm VmB T>rb
hmoB Ohm VmB X`_| Vmn Z hmo`. Vhm VmB Ord earaH$mohr gwI MmhV ho. VmV|
dUd Oo h| {VZH$m| _hmgmX boZmo gmo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s CpN>> Om{ZHo$ boZm|,
AnZo earaH$mo nmofU Zmht OmZZmo. H$mhoV|? Omo earaH$mo ^moJ {dMmao Vmo
{df`mgpV hmoB. Amoa _hmgmX CpN>> Om{ZHo$ bo Vmo ^JdXÔZ_| _Z bmJo.
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
99
Amoa dh R>mHw$aOrHw$ gmXr H$[aHo$ nhoaZmo. H$mhoV|? Omo XmgH$mo Y_ ho Omo

Cm_dVw W_ lrR>mHw$aOrHw$ g_nZr nmN>o gmXr hmoB VmhrVo {Zdmh H$aZm|.
gmo Egr ^m{V lrAmMmÒr Amn AnZmo _hm` OJV_| JQ> {H$`mo ho,
nw{>_mJH$mo H$me {H$ò, AnZo godH$ZH$m| nw{>_mJH$mo \$b {Xò. VmV| lrAmMmÒr
Abm{H$H$ gy`$n H$[a {~amOV h| VogoB nw{>_mJh Abm{H$H$ gy`$n JQ>
{~amOV ho. gmo ndrna H$me ^`mo ho VmV| Xdr Ord hVo Vo AmnHo$ ea{U Am`
H$VmW ^ò&&3&&
(nwpQ>gXm`Ho$ Jw$n lrdb^H$mo èmo4.$n JwU : nmpS>`,
doXm{XemnmaVVm, emmZwHy$b AmMaU, dUd_mJu`Vm A lrdOn{V_|
a{V_mZ hmoZmo ho)
d{MV nmpS>` Mo V Z {ZJ_J{V gm{n `{X Z
{H $ `m gm gm{n `mV `{X Z h[a_mJ} n[aM`&&
`{X `mV gmo { n lrd O n{V-a{Va Zo { V {Z{Ib
Jw U a ` H$mo dm {dbg{V {dZm db^da_ &&4&&
d{MV=H$h, nmpS>`=npS>VmB
MoV=hmo`, {ZJ_J{V=emZ_| doe
Z=Z, `{X=Omo
gm=dmo({ZJ_J{V=emZ_| doe)
A{n=h (MoV=hmo`)
gm=dmo, {H$`m=AmMaU
Z=Z, `{X=Omo
gm({H$`m)=dmo AmMaU hmo`
Z=Zmht (ApV)=ho
B{V=Eg|
A{n=h, `mX=hmo`
h[a_mJ}=^Jd_mJ {dfo
n[aM`mo=kmZ
Z=Z hmo`, `{X=Omo
g(h[a_mJ}=dmo ^Jd_mJ {dfo)
n[aM`=n[aM`, A{n=h
`mX=hmo`
lrdOn{Va{V=dOn{V_| ^pV
db^da=db^da
{dZm={dZm, A`=Xygamo
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
100
{Z{Ib=gH$b
JwU=JwUZgm|
H$:=H$moZ,dm = ho!
{dbg{V! = {~amOV ho!
^mdmW : H$moD$-H$moD$ {dmZ_| nmpS>` Vmo hmo` gHo$ n[a doXm{X emZ_| J{V
hmoV Zmht. Vog|hr H$moD$-H$moD$ doXm{X emZH$s g_O a{Idodmao {dmZ hmoV h|
n[a {VZH$mo AmMaU doXm{X emZHo$ AZwgma hmoV Zmht. H$moCZH$mo doXm{X
emZHo$ AZwgma AmMaU hmoV ho {VZH$mo dUd _mJgm| n[aM` hmoV Zmht.
H$moCZH$mo dUd_mJgm| n[aM` hmoV ho {VZH$m| dOn{V_| AmgpV hmoV Zmht.
VmV| BZ {Z{Ib JwUZgm| lrdb^daHo$ {dZm A` H$moZ {db{g gH$V
ho!&&4&&
Q>rH$m : A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMmÒr _hm^wH$mo d$n Ho$gmo ho? Omo d$n
H$mhgm| Om`mo Z Om`. H$mhoV|? Omo Ho$gmoh npS>V hmoC {ZJ_-doX nwamU em
Om{Zdo_| MVwa hmoC, AmoaZHo$ gXohHw$ {Zdm H$aV hmo` Amoa OJV_| ~S>r ~S>mB
hmo` Egmo ~w{dV npS>V hmoC gmoC lrAmMmÒrHo$ d$nH$m| Om{Zdo_| g_W
Zmht. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo npS>VZH$m| AnZr npS>VmBH$mo ~b ho. VmV| do npS>V
Ah>maHo$ de hmo`Ho$ lrAmMmÒrHo$ d$nH$m| OmZV Zmht. AnZr `mo`Vm
~hmoV hr OJV_| _m{Z aho h| VmV| A{^_mZ$nr Omo _X ho Vm_| _m hmo`Ho$ Omo
lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Amnw nyUnwfmom_ h| {VZHo$ d$nH$mo kmZ {dZH$m| hmoV
Zmht ho. lrAmMmÒrHo$ d$nH$mo kmZ V~ hmoB O~ lrR>mHw$aOr Amn AZwJh
H$[aHo$ AnZmo d$n OVmd|. ZmVa H$mo{Q>-H$mo{Q> gmYZ H$amo naVw lrAmMmÒrH$mo
d$n Om`mo Z Om`.
Omo lrAmMmÒrH$s eaU AmdV h| {VZHw$ Amn Zm_-g_nU H$amdV h|
{VZhrH$m| AnZo d$nH$mo AZw^d H$amdV h|. VmV| lrAmMmÒr VWm lrR>mHw$aOr
Ho$ d$nH$mo AZw^d H$Nw> nT>oVo hmoV Zmht. O~ {Z:gmYZ hmo` XrZVm H$[a
{dZVr H$[aHo$ eaU Amdo V~ na_ X`mb, H$Um{ZYmZ gmjmV nyUnwfmom_ Om
OrdH$mo AZw^d H$amd| dmHw$ \$b {g hmo`. VmV| nw{>_mJH$mo \$b H$nmgm`
ho, gmYZgm` Zmht ho.
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
101
Amoa lr_hm^w Ho$go h|? {ZJ_ Omo doX VmHo$ hmXH$m| Amnw Om{Zdodmao h|.
Amoa Amn doXHo$ H$_Hw$h H$aV h|. {H$mbg`m, `km{XH$, hmo_, XmZ g~ H$aV
h|. gmo H$moZ ^m{Vgm| Omo W_ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm_| nhm|MHo$ nmN>o H$aV h|. VmV|
godm Vmo Ad` hr H$aZr, Vm_| AdH$me hmo` V~ H$_m{XH$ H$aZmo. gmo H$mhoV|?
Omo H$_m{XH$ gmo Vmo bm{H$H$_| {XIm`doHo${bE H$aV h| Amoa doXH$s _`mXm
am{IdoHw$ H$aV h| naVw godm Vmo _ZnydH$ na_ r{Vgm| H$aV h|. Amn Vmo
nyUnwfmom_ h| gmo doXH$s _`mXm Amn Z amIo Vmo Amoa H$moZ amIo? n[a _ZnydH$
Vmo lrJmodYZZmWOrH$s godm H$aV h|.
dOHo$ n{V Omo lrH$U h| {VZH$m| Xo{IHo$ H$mo{Q> H$m_Xod bOmH$m| nmdV
h|. Amoa {OZHo$ d$nH$mo kmZ doXm{XH$ZH$m|h AJ` ho. doXh ""Zo{V Zo{V''
H$[aHo$ lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo JwUJmZ H$aV h|. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo lrR>mHw$aOr_| Vmo AZoH$
JwU h|. gmo EH$ lrAmMmÒr Amn h| {VZHo$ MaUma{dXHo$ Aml` {dZm dOn{V
lrH$UH$s brbmH$mo ^md Zmht hmoV ho. Ho$goD$ npS>V doX-nwamU g~H$m| OmZV
hm|` naVw AmnHo$ Aml` {~Zm `m ggmag_wH$mo V[a Zmht gH$V h| Vmo brbmH$mo
AZw^d H$hmVo hmoB? gmo `m bmoH$_| ò {gmV ^`mo&&4&&
(nwpQ>gXm`_| Jw$n lrdb^H$mo lr5.$n JwU : lrH$Ugodm_| {V~YH$
Ego dmXZH$mo {ZamH$aU H$[a _mUMVwQ>`H$s EH$dm`Vm H$[a d{gmVH$mo
CnXoeH$ hmoZmo, d` lrH$UH$s godm_| namÙ hmoZmo A ^Jdgodmo{MV
{Zn{YZohH$mo CX~moYH$ hmoZmo ho)
_m`mdm{X-H$ar-Xn - XbZo Z mò Xw - amOmo X J Vlr_X - ^mJdVm`-Xw b ^ -gw Y m-df} U do X mo p V{^&&
amYmdb^-go d `m
VXw { MV-o Umo n Xo e a {n
"lr_Xdb^'-Zm_Yo`-gemo ^mdr Z ^yVmo@`{n&&5&&
doXmopV{^=doXHo$ dMZZgm|
_m`mdm{X-H$ar-XnXbZoZ=_m`mdmXrVXw{MV-oUm={dZH$m|lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
102
ge hmWrHo$ K_S>H$m| MyaH$[aHo$

AmòXwamOmoV-lr_mJdVm`-Xwb^gwYm-df}U=^Jd_wI$n Mgm|H$Q>^B{g"lr_X^mJdV'$nXwb^ agH$s dfm H$[aHo$
amYmdb^-god`m=lramYmOrH$m|{` Ego lrH$UH$s godm H$[aHo$
C{MV {ZJwU o_ H$[aHo$

CnXoe A{n=CnXoe H$[aHo$ h
"lr_Xdb^'-Zm_Yo`-gemo=
"lr_Xdb^'{OZH$moZm_hoEgmo
Z=Z, ^yVmo=^`mo (Z)=Z
ApV=ho
^mdr A{n=hmo`Jmo h
^mdmW : _m`mdmXr$n JOoHo$ XnHo$ XbZ H$[adoHo$ H$maU, doXZH$s lw{VHo$

AZwgma lrH$U_wIoXwamOgm| CV lr_X^mdV$n Xwb^ gwYmHo$ ~agmdoHo$
H$maU, amYmdb^ lrH$UH$s godmHo$ H$maU, CnXoeZHo$ VWm godmo{MV o_Ho$
H$maUgm|h "lrdb^' Zm_dmaoZHo$ Oogmo Z H$moB ^`mo, Z ho A Z hmo`Jmo
h&&5&&
n[aH$_m {H$ò. gmo XoIo Omo Xdr Ordh _m`mdmXHo$ ^__| hmoBHo$ dogmoB AmMaU
H$aZ bmJo h|. gmo {dMma H$aV R>Hw$amZr KmQ>no {~amOV hVo V~ AYam{H$mo
lrR>mHw$aOr JQ> hmoB ~g~YH$s Amkm {H$E. nmN>| AmnZo dUdZH$m|
~g~Y g_OmBdoHo${bE "{gmVah`' JW JQ> {H$`mo.
Vm nmN>| AmMmÒr _m`mdmXH$m| XoI| Omo Oogo _m hmWr H$mhH$m| {JZo Zmht
Vog| {dMar amo hVmo. V~ AmMmÒr Amn qgh$n ~dmX H$[a _m`mdmXH$mo
{dXmaU {H$ò. nmN>| Amn lr^mJdV_| Omo nyUnwfmom_$n Omo Xwb^ A_V
{VZH$s dfm AnZo godH$ZHo$ D$na {H$ò h|. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo Ord AZm{XH$mbV|
{~Nw>ao hVo Vm_| \o$[a _m`mdmX H$[aHo$ ~hmoV _{bZ ^ò hVo. gmo `m ^m{V O~
_m`mdmX IS>Z ^`mo V~ godH$ na_mZX nmBHo$ ea{U AmdZ bmJo. {VZH$m|
nyUnwfmom_ lrH$U {VZH$s godmH$mo CnXoe Amn H$aV h|. Amn godm H$[aHo$
OrdZH$m| `h ~VmdV h| Omo `m ^m{V godm H$amo. gmo godm_| D$na Vmo ZXamÒrHo$
KaH$s ar{V ho n[a ^rVa "amYmdb^god`m' `mV| lrdm{_ZrOr g{hV
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm ho.
_m`mdmX$nr Omo _m hmWr ho {VZHo$ XnH$m| XbZhmao Ego lrAmMmÒr

Amn JQ> ^ò h|. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo ^JdmZH$s Amkm lr_hmXodOrH$m| ^B Omo
_m`mdmX Vw_ ndrD$na JQ> H$amo Amoa OrdZHw$ _moh CnOmdmo. V~ lr_hmXodOr
JQ> ^ò gmo doXV| {dnarV em ~hmoV {H$E. Amoa g~ XodVmZHo$ Bda Omo
lr^JdmZ {OZH$mo {ed-~m{XH$ ÔZ H$aV h|, {VZH$mo ÔZ Nw>S>m`Ho$
{edhrH$m| _w` Bda {Z$nU {H$ò. `m ^m{V lre>amMmÒr doXV| {d Egmo
_m`mdmX JQ> {H$ò. VmV| g~ OrdZHo$ gJ Xdr Ordh _m`mdmXH$mo g H$[a
^> ^ò. lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo T> Aml` Ny>{Q> J`mo. V~ lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| X`m AmB Omo
_| Vmo `m _m`mdmX JQ> H$[adoH$s Amkm {edH$m| XB gmo Vmo Amgwar OrdZH$m|
_moh CnOmdoHo${bE n[a `mV| Vmo Xdr Ordh _oamo _mhm` ^y{b JE h|. VmV|
{dMmao Omo _oar brbmH$mo AZw^d OrdZH$m| Ho$g| hmo`Jmo? nmN>o {dMmao Omo
brbmH$mo AZw^d H$am`do_| Vmo EH$ lrAmMmÒr g_W h|. Omo CZH$mo mJQ>
ndrD$na hmo` V~ _m`mdmXH$mo IS>Z H$[aHo$ Xdr OrdZH$m| AZw^d H$am`Ho$
_oao nmg bo Amd|. V~ AmnZo lrAmMmÒrV| Amkm H$sZr Omo XdrOrdZH$mo Cma
H$arHo$ _oao {ZH$Q> bmdmo. gmo Amn ndrD$na JQ> ^ò. Vm nmN>o Amn ndr-
Omo Ego lrH$U Omo gmadV H$n_| JQ> ^ò gmo nyUnwfmom_ h| ""H$n
gmadV m` dOo Jmo`mo ^{d`W'' A` H$n_| nyU AdVma Zmht ho. gmo
godZr` H$sVZr` EH$ lrH$U hr h| gmo lrJmodYZZmWOr h|. gmo Ho$go h|? gmo
X{jU lrhVH$s _w[> ~mYr ho Vm_| Aw>H$mo XeZ H$amdV h|. Vm_| `h ^md
OmZZmo Omo ^VZH$m| h[aHo$ XeZ H$admd| Vm nmN>| Aw> {XImdV h| ""A~ Vw_
H$hm OmAmoJo?'' Amoa dm_ ^wOm CR>mBHo$ dO^VZH$m| ~wbmdV h| ""Omo Vw_ ~oJr
AmAmo''. Amn {ZHw$OHo$ mao R>mS>o h|. Om_| lrAmMmÒrgm| `h OVmdV h| Omo
O~ VmB _| `hm R>mS>moh V~ VmB _oao Xdr Ord h| {VZH$mo Vwhmaomam ArH$ma
H$aZmo ho. VmV| dUdZHw$ EH$ jUh lrJmodYZZmWOrH$m| ^ybZmo Zmht Omo Amnw
Vmo OrdHo${bE {ZHw$OHo$ mao R>mS>o h| Amoa Ord Ohm-Vhm ^Q>`mo S>mobV ho!!!
VmV| Egmo ^md H$[aHo$ lrR>mHw$aOrgm| {_{bdoH$m| ÔZ H$aZmo. VmhrV| nw{>_mJ
lrAmMmÒrZo JQ> {H$`mo Omo gmjmV nwfmom_H$mo g~Y hmoB. VmV| nw{>_mJH$s
ar{V H$moC H$hm OmZo! Omo go`d$n ZmZm H$maH$s brbmHo$ d$n h|. {VZ
d$n-brbm-g{hV g~ZH$m| H$me {H$ò h|.
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
103
104
W_ lrèmoXmOrHo$ Bhm lrH$U Omo ~mbbrbm H$ar ho gmo d$n

lrZdZrV{`mOrH$mo ho. Omo ZdZrV lrhVH$_b| {b`mo ho A lrèmoXmOrHo$
AmJZ_| [aJZbrbm H$aV h|.
Amoa lrèmoXmOrHo$ Bhm ~S>o ^ò V~ JmoMmaU brbm {H$ò h| gmo d$n
lr_WwamZmWOrH$mo ho. gmo Jmo{nH$mZHo$ Ka _mIZMmo[aH$m| OmV h| Vmg_` Chm
lrdm{_ZrOr AmB. {dZZo H$mo Omo ""_| lrZXamÒr-lrèmoXmOrHo$ nmg bo
OmCJr'' V~ Amn Amoa Xmo ^wOm JQ> H$[a {~ZVr {H$ò Omo ""_| Vmo Vwhmao de
hm|, Vw_H$m| nmg hr amIV hm|, _oar Mmam|C ^wOm Vwhmao Am^yfU A A g_mZ
h| VmV| _moH$m| N>m{o S> XoC''. V~ N>mSo >r {Xò gmo Egr brbmH$mo ^md lr_WwamZmWOrH$mo
ho.
H$m`m`Zr d V {H$ò V~ MrahaUH$s brbm {H$ò gmo d$n
lr{dQ>R>boeamÒrH$mo ho. gmo lrdm{_ZrOrHo$ ^md_| _Z h| gmo VmV| Jma d$n
JQ>o h|.
A~ amgnMm`m`r_| _wabr ~OmBHo$ W_ g~ dO^VZH$m| ~wbm`Ho$
nw{bZ_| ~oR>mao gmo d$n lrm[aH$mZmWOrH$mo ho. g~ Jmo{nH$m Omo nw{bZ_| ~R>r
h| Vm _` lrdm{_ZrOr h| Vhm lrR>mHw$aOr AMmZH$ nYmao Amoa XmoB lrhVgm|
lrdm{_ZrOrHo$ ZoH$_b _yXo A XmoB lrhVgm| doUwZmX {H$ò h| gmo ò brbm
lrmaH$mZmWOrHo$ Bhm JQ> ho.
A~ lrJmoHw$bZmWOr h| gmo lrJmodYZ YmaU {H$ò h|. gmo dm_ lrhVgm|
lrJmodYZH$m| CR>m`mo ho VmV| lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH$mo XeZ H$aV òhr brbm^md
\w$aV ho.
A~ lrJmoHw$bM_mOrH$mo d$n ho gmo gmjmV __W__W Omo Jmo{nH$mZZ|
amgnMm`m`r_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo AV`mZ ^`mo Vm nmN>o JmonrOZZ| XZ {H$`mo
ho V~ JQ> ^ò h|. `m ^m{V lrJmoHw$bM_mOrHo$ Bhm amgm{XH$ brbm VmH$mo
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
105
mXw^md hmoV ho.

A~ lr_XZ_mohZOrHo$ d$nH$mo ^md `h ho Omo {ZHw$Om{XH$Ho$ ^rVa
ZmZm H$maH$s brbm H$aV h|.
A` JmoXHo$ lrR>mHw$aOr h| Vhm ^m{V-^m{VH$s brbm ho. A~
lrmaH$mZmWOrH$s JmoXHo$ R>mHw$a lr~mbH$UbmbOr (dV_mZ_| gwaVW) h|
{VZ gH$Q>ÔZ brbm H$[a ho. Amoa lr_WwamZmWOrH$s JmoXHo$ lrZQ>daOr
(dV_mZ_| amOZJaW) h| gmo VUmdVHo$ gH$s brbm JQ> {H$ò h|. `mhr
^m{V lrZdZrV{`mOrHo$ nmg lr~mbH$UOr h| VWm lr_XZ_mohZOr h| gmo
OÛbrbm H$[a ho. Amoa lrJmoHw$bM_mOrHo$ nmg lr~mbH$UOr h| gmo
CbyIbbrbm H$ar ho. Amoa ò lrAmMmÒr VWm lrJwgmBOrHo$ g~ d$n h|
gmo `m ^m{V g~ d$nZH$s godm ho. gmo lrAmMmÒr Amn JQ> {H$E h| Om_|
nw{>brbm JQ> ho.
VmhrV| lrAmMmÒrZo nw{>_mJ JQ> {H$`mo Om_| gmjmV nwfmom_H$mo
g~Y ho Ego lrAmMmÒr Amn h|. gmo Egmo H$nmH$mo g_w Z H$moB ^`mo, Z
ho A Z hmoBJmo. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo H$moQ>mZH$moQ>r `wJ ~rVo, ~S>o-~S>o AdVma ^ò
h|, F${f-_w{Z-^JdXr`h ^ò h| n[a nw{>_mJH$s ar{VH$m| H$moB OmZV Z hVmo.
VmV| H$mhgm| nw{>_mJ JQ> {H$`mo Z J`mo. gmo lrAmMmÒr Amn JQ> {H$E h|
Om_| nw{>brbm JQ> ho. VmV| lrAmMmÒr g_mZ Z H$moB ho Z ^`mo Z
hmoBJ mo&&5&&
( nwpQ>gXm`_| Jw$n lrdb^H$mo kmZ6.$n JwU : H${bHo$ ~bdmZ
hmo`doH$s ^r{V {_Q>m`Ho$ ^Jdr{VH$a godm_mJHo$ dVH$
hmoZmo ho)
`XL > {K - ZI-_S>b-g V -dm[a-nr`y f -`w J dam-X`
H${bV U {_do h
Vw N>rH $ V&&
dOm{Yn{V[apXam-^{V-_`-nmXm~wO
jUo Z n[aVmo { fV VXZw J d_o d mVw _o &&6&&
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
106
`XL>{Y-ZI-_S>b-gV-dm[a-nr`wf-`wJ-dam-X`={OZHo$ XmoC
MaUHo$ ZIZgm| gV A_VObH$m| AnZo _VH$ Ed X`_| YmaU H$adodmaoZgm|
VU_=Kmg
Bd=Oog| Bh=`m
dOm{Yn{V=dOHo$ A{Yn{V
H${b=H${bH$mb
jUoZ=jU_m_|
VwN>rH$V=VwN>~Zm`moho(M=A) n[aVmo{fV=gZ H$ao h|
BpXam-^{V-_`-nmXm~wO=
VXZwJd_={dZH$mo AZwgm[anZm|
b_rOr Am{X {OZHo$
Ed=hr _o=_moH$m|
MaUH$_bH$m| ImoOV h| do
AVw=mV hmoC
^mdmW : {OZHo$ MaUZHo$ ZI_S>bgm| {ZH$adodmao MaUm_Vgm| {OZHo$ _VH$
A X` A{^{fV ^ò h| do Vmo `m H${bH$mbH$m| VUHo$ Vw` VwN> H$[a
OmZV h|. b_r Am{Xh {OZHo$ MaUH$_bZH$m| ImoOV ahV h| Ego dOm{Yn{VHw$
{OZZo jUâ_| gZ H$[a amI| h| Ego AmMm`MaUZH$m| _| AZwJm_r (gXm) hr
~`mo ah&&6&&
Q>rH$m : gmo lrAmMmÒrHo$ ZIM_m Omo h| gmo _oao _Z_| Omo ZmZm H$maHo$
AkmZ$n AYH$ma h| VmHo$ Xy[a H$aZhmao h|. gmo lrAmMmÒrHo$ ZIM_| ~S>mo
Vmn ho. bm{H$H$ M_m_| `h ho Omo am{H$mo H$me H$ao Amoa nyU_mgrH$s
am{H$m| nyU hmoB nmN>o KQ>o-~T>o Amoa gy`Ho$ AmJo H$me _X hmoB Om`. Amoa
lrAmMmÒrHo$ ZIM Ho$go h|? Omo gXm EH$ag {OZH$mo H$me ho gmo {OZHo$
ZIM_m D$na H$mo{Q>-H$mo{Q> M_m dm[a S>m[aò. {OZHo$ ZIMH$mo H$me
Omo lrAmMmÒrHo$ godH$ h| {VZHo$ X`_| H$me H$aV h|. Vhm EH$ag hr gXm
ahV ho. H$mhoV|? Omo Abm{H$H$ A_V$n h|, {VZH$m| Omo godH$ AnZo X`_|
amIV h| {VZH$mo X`H$_b Egmo {Z_b {Z{dH$ma hmoV ho. Omo H${bHo$ Xmof h|
Omo ggmaHo$ gwI-Xw:IH$m| VwN> H$[a S>maV h|. H$mhoV|? Omo Ohm M_m hmoV
ho Vhm AYH$ma Am` Zmht gH$V ho. Omo Om godH$Ho$ X`_| ahV ho {VZH$mo
X` ew hmo` OmV ho. H$mhoV|? Omo Ohm lrAmMmÒr _hm^wZHo$ ZIM
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
107
X`_| H$me H$ao h| Vhm Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s brbmH$mo JQ> AZw^d hmoZ bmJV
ho. Vhm H${bHo$ Y_ ggmaHo$ gwI-Xw:IH$s H$moZ H$ho! `mhrV| lr^mJdV_|
lrewH$XodOr amOm nar{jVgm| H$hV h| Omo OrdH$m| ggmagwI Vhm VmB {`
bmJV ho Ohm VmB lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ MaUmaqdXH$mo gwI Zmht nm`mo. `mhrV|
^JdXJrVm_| AOwZHo$ {V ^JdmZ H$ho h|- ""ho AOwZ! Ohm VmB `h Ord _oao
MaUH$_bHo$ gwIH$m| Zmht OmZV ho Vhm VmB ggmagwI, Omo Xw:I$n ho, VmH$m|
gwI _m{ZHo$ ^moJ H$aV ho Amoa O~ _oao MaUma{dXH$mo _mhm` X`_| AmdV
ho V~ ggmagwI VwN> OmqZHo$ N>mo{S> XoV ho''(?).
gmo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ MaUma{dX Ho$go h|? Omo {OZH$m| lrb_rOr AnZo
X`gm| bJm`Ho$ na_o_gm| godZ H$aV h|. gmo Omo lrAmMmÒrH$s eaU Am`Ho$
T>Vm H$[aHo$ MaUH$_bH$mo godZ H$aV h| {VZHo$ X`_| lrAmMmÒr brbmH$mo
AZw^d H$amdV h|. Omo Ho$gmoh hmoB gmYZa{hV hmo`, r hmo`, ey hmo` na
lr_hm^wOrHo$ MaUH$_bHo$ T> Aml`V| gJar brbmH$mo AZw^d hmoB. Ego
lrAmMmÒr na_-X`mb h|&&6&&
(nwpQ>gXm_| Jw$n lrdb^`H$mo dam`7$n JwU : nw{>_mJu`ZHo$
gH$b H${bH$mbXmofZHy$ {_Q>m`doHo$ {gdm` A` gJao {df`Z_| {daV hmoZmo
ho)
AKm K -V_gmd V
H${b-^w O _mgm{XV_
OJX - {df`-gmJao
n{VV_dY_} aV_ &&
`XrjU-gw Y m-{Z{Y
g_w { XVmo @ Zw H $nm_ V mX
A_ `w _ AH$amo V jUmXaU_Vw _o VnX_ &&7&&
&&B{V lr{d>boda{da{MV lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo gnyU_&&
AdY_}=AnZmo Zht Ego Y__|
aV_=aMo-nMo
`XrjUgwYm{Z{Y={OZH$s
Xo{Ido$n A_V{Z{Y
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
108
AKmKV_gmdV=nmn$n AYH$magm|
T>`mo ^`mo
H${b^wO_mgm{XV=H${b$ngnmamJ{gV
OJ{f`gmJao=OJyn {df`Ho$ gmJa_|
n{VV_=nS>mo ^`mo
g_w{XV:=AmN>r ^m{Vgm| C{XV
AZwH$nm_VmV=
H$nm$n A_Vgm|
jUmX=jUdma_|
A_`w_=A_anZoH$m|
AH$amoV ={H$`mo, VnX=dmo nX
(_o=_oamo)AaU_=eaU,
AVw=hmoC
^mdmW : nmnZHo$ g_yh$n AYH$magm| Amdm H${bH$mb$n H$mbo ZmJgm|
JV, OmJ{VH$ {df`ZHo$ gmJa_| nS>mo ^`mo A Omo AnZmo Y_ Zmht Ego
H$__| {ZaV OrdHw$, {OZH$s AZwH$nmHo$ A_Vgm| H$Q> ^`mo BjU$n M_m
jU_m_| _`wa{hV ~Zm` XoV ho, {VZHo$ nX _moH$m| Aml`$n h|!&&7&&
Q>rH$m : A~ Ord ho gmo Ho$goh AKH$s ImZ hmo` Amoa Vm_| Vm_g H$moYm{XH$h
h|, Amoa H${b Omo ho gmo _hm_mar gn ho. gmo `m OrdH$m| ZmZm H$maHo$ ZmM
ZMmdV ho. OJV_| {df`m{XH$ Omo ggma Vm_|h Ord Sy>{~ amo ho, OmH$mo Zm_
"_hmn{VV' H${hò VmH$mo Cma doXh_| Zmht ho, Y__| aMH$h VmH$s J{V Zmht
ho, Egmo nmnr OmH$mo Zm_ H$moD$ boV Zmht, Egmo Xw> Ord hmo` gmoD$ Omo
lrAmMmÒrH$s eaUr Amdo Vmo VmHo$h gH$b Xmof VH$mb Xy[a hmoV h|. VmH$m|h
nw{>_mJH$mo Omo \$b ho VmH$mo XmZ lrAmMmÒr Amn H$aV h|. Ego lrAmMmÒr
Amn n{VVnmdZ na_X`mb h|. Xdr OrdZHo$ CmamW {OZH$mo mJQ> ho. gmo
Omo dUd AmMmÒrHo$ MaUH$_bH$mo T> Aml` H$[a AnZo X`H$_b_| amIV
h| {VZHo$, _hmgn$n `h H${bH$mb gJamo ggmaH$mo Omo Jmg H$aV ho gmo Egmo
Omo H$mb ho, gmo {ZH$Q>h Zht Am` gH$V. Ego lrAmMmÒr _hm^wZHo$
MaUma{dX h| Omo {OZH$mo T> Aml` H$[aHo$ Ord `h bmoH$ nabmoH$_| XmoZm| R>moa
gwI hr nmdV ho. `m H$ma "\w$aH$Uo_m_V' ho gmo lrJwgmBOr daUZ {H$ò
VmH$s Q>rH$m lrh[aamÒr {H$ò h|. A~ `m JWH$mo \$b H$hV h|.
_{` MoXpV {ddmg: lrJmonrOZdbô
VXm H$VmWm `y`{h emoMZr` Z H${h{MV&&
Omo EH${ddmg lrJmonrOZdb^hrH$mo amIV ho gmo H$VmW$n hr ho. gmo
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
109
H$mhoV|? Omo lrJmonrOZdb^ lrJmodYZYa h| {VZHo$ MaUH$_bH$mo T> {ddmg

O~ OrdH$m| ^`mo V~ dmHo$ H$VmWVm_| gXoh H$hm amo? H$VmW$n hr ho. gmo
Ord CmaH$mo emoM Zmht H$aV ho.
H$mhoV|? Omo gVV lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ÔZ H$aV aho Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr Vmo
gdgm_`g`wV h|. g~Ho$ AV:H$aUH$m| OmZV h|, VmV| Amnwhr H$[aHo$ \$b
XoBJo. VmV| lrR>mHw$aOrgm| H$moB dVwH$s dmN>Zm Zmht H$aZr. H$mhoV|? Omo Amnwhr
\$b XoBJo. VmV| T> {ddmgV| _aU H$aZmo. gmo H$mhoV|? Ohm VmB OrdH$mo
{ddmg Z hmo` Vhm VmB H$moB {H$`m H$amo naVw H$Nw> \$bH$s {g{ Zmht ho.
Amoa {ddmg hmo` Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr \$b_| T>rb Zmht bJmdV h|. gmo Ho$go? Omo
MmVH$H$mo EH$ dm{VObH$mo {ddmg ho gmo `{n _oK OS> ho Vmoh dmH$mo _ZmoaW
nyU H$aV h|. Amoa _rZH$mo `hr d^md Ho$ Omo ObhrHo$ Aml` ahV ho. Omo dmH$mo
Ob hr OrdZ ho. VmhrVo Ob dmH$s ajm H$aV ho. Vog|B AnZmo Ord OmZtHo$
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm H$aZr. jU EH$ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ MaUma{dXH$mo ÔZ N>moS>Zm|
Zmht, ^ybZmo Zmht VmH$mo Zm_ T> {ddmg. Amoa A{ddmgV| gdZme hmo`. Oog|
nmS>dZH$m| {ddmg hVmo VmV| lrR>mHw$aOr CZH$s ajm {H$E Amoa Xw`m}YZH$mo
A{ddmg hVmo VmV| dmH$mo gdZme ^`mo. Vmgm| Omo {H$`m_| {ddmg Zmht gmo
g~ l_ hr OmZZm|. Vhm H$Ny>h \$bH$s {g{ Zmht ho. VmV| OmHo$ X`_|
lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo {_bdoH$s MmhZm hmo` VmH$m| O~ T> {ddmg hmo` V~ gd\$bH$s
mpV hmo`. gmo T>{ddmg lrAmMmÒrHo$ MaUH$_bH$mo H$moZ H$ma hmo`?
gmo VmHo${bò lrJwgmBOr \w$aH$Uo_m_V JW lrAmMm`_hm^wZH$mo Om_|
d$ndaUZ ho gmo JQ> {H$ò. `m JWH$mo nmR> dUdZH$mo Zo_nydH$ H$aZmo. Vm
H$[aHo$ lrAmMmÒrHo$ MaUH$_b_| T> {ddmg Amdo Amoa X` ew hmo`.
{OZH$mo aMH$ A`ml` hmo` gmo Xya hmo`. Amoa lrR>mHw$aOrH$s ZmZm H$maH$s Omo
brbm ho {dZH$mo AZw^d hmo`. gmo nw{>_mJH$mo \$b ho gmo nmdo.
A~ lrh[aamÒr H$hV h| Omo _| `h "\w$aH$Uo_m_V' JWH$s Q>rH$m
{H$`moh gmo lrAmMmÒr Amoa lrJwgmBOrH$s H$nmVo {H$`moh. Omo o_m_V JW
Ho$gmo ho? gd doX-nwamU lr^mJdV_| Omo gma ho, \$b$n A_V ho, VmhrH$mo
{Z$nU ^`mo ho. Amoa `m JW_| nwamUnwfmom_ lr_hm^wOrH$mo hr daUZ ho,
VmV| Omo dUd "\w$aH$Uo_m_V'H$s Q>rH$mH$mo ~mMo-gwZo-H$ho VmHo$ X`_|
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
110
gdWm lrAmMmÒr _hm^w Amn {~amO|. VmV| dUdZH$m| `m JWH$mo nmR>

^mdg{hV {Z`-Zo_nydH$ H$aV ahZmo. Amoa Vmer dUd hmo` {VZgm| {_{bHo$
`m JWH$mo ^mdmW Vd {dMmaZmo. A` _mJu`Ho$ AmJo `m JWH$mo nmR> Z
H$aZmo. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo AnZmo _mJ ho gmo Jmo` _mJ ho. Amoa `h JW \$b$n
ho VmV| Jmo` amIZmo.
&& B{V lr\w$aH$Uo_m_V_ H$s dO^mfm Q>rH$m g_mV ^B &&
&&Zm_aZm`Vmo_&&
(5)
lrXodH$sZXZOr lr{d>boe^wMaUZHo$ 108 Zm_ZHo$ {ddaUH$mo Ama^
H$[adogy n{hbo _bmMaU H$aV h|.
{ZOH$eaU lr_X-JmoHw$b gdVmo ^`mV&&
a{jV òZ V {Z`_ Amlò {J[aYm[aUm_&&1&&
{OZZ| AnZo eaU_| Amò JmoHw$bH$s g~ hr VahHo$ ^`Zgy ajm H$s{Z ho
Ego lrJmodYZHw$ YmaU H$[adodmao lr{J[aYmarZH$mo _ {Z` Aml` H$$ h.
`Xw{XV-nWd{V-Xoh^mOm ^d{V deo {H$b ZXJmongyZw:&&
A{VH$U_wnm`-{d>boem_O-aKwZmW_ Ah{Ze ZVmo@p_&&2&&
ò Q>rH$m lrh[aamÒr{da{MV gH$V Q>rH$mgy H$Ny>H$ {^Z dV

^mfmQ>rH$m bJo ho. `m|Ho$ `mH$mo gH$V Q>rH$mgy H$h-H$h nmW` n> ho.
AWdm H$moB AmoaHo$ mam {da{MV lrh[aamÒrHo$ Zm_gy M{bV hmo JB bJo ho.
{df` gwXa hmo`dogy H$ht-H$ht g{jV ^r H$aHo$ H$m{eV H$a aho h| (gnmXH$).
{OZHo$mam Cn{X> nw{>^pV_mJH$mo AZwgaU H$[adodmaoZH $o de ZXJmonHw$_ma

lrH$U {ZM` hr hmoV h| Ego A{VH$Umdmao lr{d>bZmW^wMaUZHo$ nw
lraKwZmWOrH$m| _ Ah{Ze
Um_ H$$ h.
{d{dY H$maHo$ nmnZHo$ Vmngm| gVV hmodVo Amoa AZoH$ O_Zgm|
^yVbn| {\$adodmao g^r XdrOrdZH$o CmaH$mo gwJ_ Cnm` lr{d>bZmW^wMaUZH$o
108 Zm_ZH$mo {Z$nU H$[adodmamo ò Vmo ho. gmo {dZ Zm_ZH$mo {Z$nU
H$[ado_|h {dZ Zm_aZZH$mo hr Aml` H$aVo ^ò lraKwZmWMaU _bmMaU H$a|
h|:
`Zm_mH$m}X`mV nmn-dmV-am{e em`{V&&
{dH$gpV XOm{Z VZm_m{Z gXmlò&&1&&
lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_
111
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
112
`Zm_mH$m}X`mV={OZHo$Zm_$ngy`Ho$CX`gm|
nmn-dmV-am{e=nmn$nrAYH$maH$mo g_yh
em`{V=gnyU Z> hmo` OmV ho
XOm{Z=X`$nr H$_b
{dH$gpV={Ibdo bJV ho
Vm_m{Z={dZZm_ZH$mo
gXm=gXm
Amlò=Aml` H$$ h
gm_`dmao lrJwgmBOr `m _Ho$ A{Y>mVm Xod h|. Amoa gd nw{>^pV_mJu`ZHo$

gd H$maHo$ _ZmoaWZH$s {g{ H$[ado_| hr `m Zm__H$mo {d{Z`moJ ho.
A~ lr{d>bZmW^wMaUHo$ 108 Zm_ H$hV h|:
lr{d>b1 H$nm{gYwa2 ^Vd`mo3@{VgwXa4&&3&&
^mdmW : {OZHo$ Zm_$nr gy`Ho$ CX`gm| dr` OZZHo$ ^pV_mJu` gmYZ\$bHo$ AmS>o AmdVo Xmof-{V~Ym{X $n AYH$ma nyU$ngm| Z> hmoV ho Amoa
gy`m}X`gm| Oog| H$_b {I{b OmV ho Vog| {OZHo$ Zm_Ho$ H$sVZ-ldUm{Xgm|
dr` OZZHo$ X`H$_b ^JdX^pVHo$ gMmagm| \w$pbV hmo` OmV h| Ego
lr{d>bZmW^wMaUZHo$ Zm_ZH$mo _ Aml` H$$ h.
(`m VmoHo$ N>X1 F${f2 Xod3 {d{Z`moJ A \$b{g{4 H$mo {Z$nU)
AmZw w > ^{_hN>X 1
F${fapZHw $ _maO 2&&
gd epVg_m`w Vmo Xo d lrdb^m_O 3 &&2&&
{d{Z`mo J g_Vo >{gW} {d{Z${nV 4 &&
Bh=`m_|
AmZw>w ^_=AZw>w n
N>X=N>X,ApZHw$_ma-O=ApZHw$_ma
lrdb^m_O=lrdb^mMm`MaUH
Am_O Ego lr{d>bZmW^wMaU
Xod:=XodVm
F${f:=_Ho$ >m F${f

gdepVg_m`wV:=
gdVahH$sepVdmao
g_Vo>{gW}=g~H$maH$s
B>H$s
{g{Ho$ AW, {d{Z`moJ=Cn`moJ
{d{Z${nV={Z${nV {H$`mo ho.
^mdmW : `m Zm__-VmoH$mo N>X AZww>n ho. ApZHw$_ma lr{d>bZmW^wMaUHo$ Am_O lraKwZmWOr `m Zm__Ho$ >m F${f h|. g^r H$maHo$
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
113
lr{d>b
H$_, kmZ, CnmgZm Am{X _mJZ_| \$go ^ò, ^Jdd$nHo$ kmZ A
^JdX^pVHo$ kmZgy a{hV Xdr nw{>OrdZnoh H$nm H$[aHo$ Amn {dZH$mo
nw{>^pV_mJ_| ArH$ma H$ao h| Vmgy Amn "{d>b' H$hmdV h|. AmnHo$ g^r
Zm_ ew^ h| Vmgy Zm_Ho$ AmJ| ma^_| hr "lr' H$mo ho. Amn Eod`m{X
fS>JwU`wV h|. Oog| ^JdmZ ^VZHo$ CmamW H$Q>o Eg| Amnh Xdr nw{>OrdZHo$
CmamW ^yVbno H$Q> ^ò.
H$nm-{gYw:
^VmomaHo$ AW AmnHw$ H$Q> hmo`doH$s H$hm Amd`H$Vm hVr? Vhm
Xygamo Zm_ H$hV h|:lr{d>bZmW^wMaU H$nmHo$ gmJa h|. g_w Oog| aZZgy
^`m} ^`mo ho Amoa AJmY ho Vog| Amnh ^pV^md$nr aZZgy âo ^ò Amoa
AJmY JwUdmao h|. ZXr, gamoda Am{X Vmo A{YH$ Ob ~agdogy N>b{H$ OmV h|
Amoa Ob Zht ~ago Vmo gy{H$ h OmV h| n[a gmJa Vmo gXm nyU hr ahV ho, AnZr
_`mXmH$mo H$~h CbKZ Zmqh H$aV ho. AmnHw$ H$nmHo$ gmJa H${hHo$ `h OVm`
Omo Oog| g_w gXm n[anyU ahV ho Vog| AmnwH$s H$nmh nw{>OrdZn| gXm nyU ahV
ho. Amn H$nmbw h| Vmgm| nw{>OrdZHo$ CmamW H$Q> ^ò h|.
^V-d`:
Cna H$mo Omo Amn _`mXmH$mo H$~h CbL>KZ Zmqh H$aV h|. Vhm e>m
hmoV ho Omo _`mXm H$moZgr _`mXm? Vhm H$hV h|:Amn ^VZHo$ de h| AWdm
^VZHw$ AnZo de_| amIV h|. Vmgm| _`mXm ^pV$n OmZZr. Ame` ò ho Omo
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
114
Amn H$~h ^pV_mJH$s _`mXmH$mo CbL>KZ Zmqh H$aV h|.
H$Q> hmo`Ho$ Amn {dZH$m| Amoa g~ZHo$ _ZmoaW nyU H$[aHo$ AmZX XoV h|.
A{V-gwXa
AmnHo$ d$nH$mo dUZ H$aV h|:Amn A`V gwXa h|. AWmV {OVZr
gwXa dVw h| {VZ g~Zgm| Amn gwXa h|. `m| Omo Amn AmZX_` h|.
Xw`:
g~ZHo$ _ZmoaW nyU H$aV h| V~ g~ hr AmnH$mo ÔZ `m| Zht H$aV h|?
Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV h|:^VOZZHw$ N>m{S>Ho$ A` H$moC AmnHo$ Abm{H$H$
d$nH$mo XeZ H$>gyh H$[a gH$V Zmqh. `m| Omo Abm{H$H$ d$n Vmo
bm{H$H$ Bp`Zgy Xo`mo OmgHo$ Egmo hmoV Zmqh. gmo dm Bp`mVrV d$nH$mo
XeZ Vmo Amn d` BN>m H$a| V~hr hmoB gH$V ho.
H $ Ubrbmagm{d> 5 lr_mZ 6 db^-ZXZ 7 &&

Xw `mo 8 ^Vg`mo 9 ^pVJ`mo 10 ^`mnh 11 &&4&&
H$U-brbm-agm{d>
Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo AmnH$mo AmZX Ho$gmo ho? gmo H$hV h|:nyU AmZX
hr {OZH$mo d$n ho Ego lrH$UH$s brbmaggm| Amn n[anyU h|.
JrVm_| ^JdmZZo H$mo ho Omo ""Omo OmHo$ Cna lmdmamo hmo` ho gmo Vyn
hmoV ho''. lm_mgm| Omo Vyn hmoV hmo` Vhm OmH$m| gmjmV d$n-brbH$mo
gXm Amdoe ahVmo hmo` dmH$s AmZX$nVm_| H$hm H$hZmo! gmo Oog| lrH$UH$mo
d$n Amoa brbm Abm{H$H$ h| Vog| dm d$n-brbmaggm| n[anyU AmZXh
Amn_| Abm{H$H$ hr ho.
lr_mZ
Vhm H$hV h| Omo agmdoeH$mo AZw^d Vmo AV:H$aU_| hr hmoV ho. gmo Ho$go
Om`mo Om`? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV h|:^Jdgmdoe hmo`don| Omo amo_mM hmoV ho
gmo Amn_| ~mha h H$Q> hmoV ho. Egr emo^mdmao hmo`dogy AmnH$m| "lr_mZ' H$ho
h|. Amoa h H$hV h| Omo Oog| nm_| ag AXa nyU ^[a Om` VmnmN>| ~mha
CN>{bV hmoVhr ho Vog| Amn_| nyUmZX AV:{d> hmo`dogy dmH$mo ~mhah H$Q>
hmoZmo `wV hr ho.
db^-ZXZ
A~ AmnHo$ mH$QHo$ {dfo H$hV h|:_hm^w lrdb^mMm`MaUHo$ Ka
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
115
^V-g`:
Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo Bp`mVrV d$nH$mo XeZ ^VOZ h Ho$go H$aV
hmoBJo? Vhm H$hV h|:^V Vmo AmnwHo$ XeZ AZm`mg hr H$ar gH$V h|. `m|
Omo XeZ AmnH$s BN>mHo$ AYrZ h|. ^VZHo$ {dfo AmnH$s BN>m AZwHy$b
hmoBdogm| ^V AmnHo$ XeZ H$ar gH$V h|.
^pV-J`:
XeZ Vmo Bp`Zgm| hmoV ho. Bp`Z_| hr Abm{H$H$ d$nHo$ XeZH$mo
gm_` Zht hmo` V~ AmnHo$ XeZ Ho$go hmoB gH|$? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV
h|:^pVgm| AmnH$mo kmZ Amoa XeZ hmoB gH$V h| Eg| Amn h|. AOwZHw$ O~
^JdmZHo$ Abm{H$H$ d$nH$mo XeZ H$[adoH$s BN>m ^B V~ ^JdmZZo dmgm|
H$mo Omo Voao `m bm{H$H$ Mjwgm| _oamo XeZ VmoH$m| hmoB Zht gHo$Jmo. Vmgm| _|
VmoH$m| {X` Mjw XoV hm|. `m| H$hrHo$ ^JdmZZ| AOwZH$m| ^pV$nr {XÀbm{H$H$ {> XrZr. Vmgm| AOwZZo ^JdmZHo$ {dd$n d$nH$mo XeZ H$ao.
`m| Omo ^JdmZ d` JrVm_| Amkm H$aV h| Omo ""^pVgy _moHw$ AmN>r ^m{Vgy
OmZo ho'' ""AZ` ^pVgy hr _oao Ego d$nH$mo XeZ hmoB gH$V ho''. Eg| hr
lr{d>bZmW^wMaUHo$ Abm{H$H$ d$nHo$ XeZh Amn_| ^pV hmo`dono hmoB
gH$V h|.
^`mnh
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
116
Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo Oog| H$mbXmofgy am{Ho$ AYH$ma_| Mjw {d_mZ
dVwHw$ h XoIr Zmqh gH$V ho Vog| ^VH$m| h AmnHo$ XeZ_| H${bH$mbm{XH$Ho$
{V~Y Am` gHo$ h|. V~ ^V AmnHo$ XeZ Zmqh H$[a gHo$Jmo. Vhm Xygamo
Zm_ H$hV h|:Amn H$mb, H$_, d^md Am{X H$V gd H$maHo$ {V~YZH$m|
Xya H$[adodmao h|.
XrZmZmW H$g l` 13&&
AZ`^VX`mo 12
amOrdbmo M Zmo 14
amgbrbmag_hmo X {Y 15&&5&&
AZ`-^V-X`:
~hmaHo$ ^` Vmo Om{Zdo_| Am` gH$V h| Vmgm| {dZHw$ Xya H$[a gH$V h| n[a
AXaHo$ {V~YH$mo kmZ hmoB gH$V Zmqh. gmo Ho$go {Zdm hmoBJo? Vhm EH$
Amoa Zm_ H$hV h|? Omo lrH$UHo$ A{V[aV A` H$mhH$mo ÔZ Zmqh H$aV
h| Eg| AZ`^V AmnHo$ X` h|. AWdm AZ`^VZHo$ X`_| Amn {~amOo
h|. Vmgm| {dZHo$ AXaHo$ {V~YZHw$ Om{ZHo$ Zme H$aV h|. ^mJdV_| H$mo
ho Omo ""gmYw nwf _oamo X` h| Amoa _| gmYw nwfZH$mo X` h''. Vmgm|h Amn
^JdXr`ZHo$ AmVXm}fZHw$ Om{Z gH$V h|.
XrZmZmWH$-gl`
Amn Vmo Bda h|, OrdZgm| g_mZVm Amn `m| H$aV h|? Amn gdgmYZgm|
hrZ Ego XrZ Amoa {OZH$mo A` H$moC Aml` Zmqh ho Ego AZmW OrdZHo$
EH$_m Aml` h|. Omo OmH$mo Aml` ~ZV ho gmo `{X Am{lVHo$ g gXmhr Zht
aho Vmo dmo "Aml`'hr Zmqh H$hmdV ho. "gl`' H$hrHo$ ò gy{MV {H$`mo Omo
lr{d>bZmW^wMaU Omo Am{lV hmoV h| {dZHo$ gXm g hr ahV h|.
amOrd-bmoMZ:
A~ H$hV h| Omo AmYw{ZH$ Ord ^pV_mJ_| hmo`donoh ggma_| nS>o ^ò
hmo`dogy {dZHo$ VmnHw$ {_Q>mZmo H${R>Z ho. Vhm AmJoH$mo Zm_ H$hV h|:H$_bnHo$
Oogo AmnHo$ Zo h| gmo H$nmnyU {> H$[ado_mgm| ^VZHo$ {{dY VmnZH$m| Xya
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
117
H$[aXoV h|.
amg-brbm-ag-_hmoX{Y
H$_b Vmo Ohm VmB Ob_| ahV ho Vhm VmB gag hmoV ho Vmgm| VmnhmaH$
hmoV ho Obgm| ~mha {ZH$m{gdo nmN>| Vmo Zrag hmoB OmV ho. gmo Zrag H$_b Oog|
Vmn Xy[a Zmqh H$[a gH$V ho Vog| H$_bVw` hmodogm| AmnH$s {>h H$Xm{MV Vmn
Xya H$[a Z gHo$? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV h|? Amn amgbrbmHo$ agHo$ _hmZ g_w
h|. "_hmZ' dmo H$hmV ho OmHw$ Zmnr Zmqh gH$mV. gamoda_| hmoVo mH$V H$_b
H$Xm{MV Vmngm| gyH$s gH$V h| n[a agg_w lr{d>bZmW^wMaUHo$ lrA_|
aho ^ò ZoH$_b Vmo gXm aggm| n[anyU hmoBdogm| H$~h {Zag Zmqh hmoV h|. Vmgm|
AmnHo$ ZoH$_b ^VZHo$ VmnHw$ {ZM` hr haV h|.
Y_ g o V w a 16 ^pVgo V w 17 gw I go `mo 18 d O o da 19&&
^Vemo H $mnh 20 emV 21 gd k 22 gd H $m_X 23 &&6&&
Y_-goVw:
`{X g_w CN>{bV hmo` Vmo dmH$mo Ob gd \o$b Om`. Amn h
amgbrbmagHo$ g_w h| V~ gd dm agHw$ H$Q> `m| Zmqh H$aV h|? Vhm
Zm_mVa H$hV h|:lr{d>bZmW^wMaU Y_, AW, H$m_ Amoa _moj BZ Mm`m]
nwfmWZH$mo nmbZ H$[admao h|. `{X gd dm agHw$ H$Q> H$[a X| Vmo A`
nwfmWZHw$ H$mZ nyN>oJmo! Vmgy Amn Egmo Zmqh H$aV h|.
^pV-goVw
^pV_mJuZHw$ `{X Y_m{X nwfmWZgy H$moC `moOZ Zmqh ho V~ Y_m{X
nwfmW {dZHw$ H$V`h Zmqh h|. V~ Amn {dZHo$ nmbH$ Ho$go H$hdmd|Jo? Vhm
Zm_mVa H$hV h|:lr{d>bZmW^wMaU nw{>_mJu` \$b$n ^pVHo$ nmbH$ h|.
gmYZ$nm ^pV_| dUml_m{X Y_ZH $mo n[a`mJ H$V` Zmqh ho. Vmgm| ^pV_mJrh
{dZH$mo AmMaU H$aV h|. Amn Vmo Y_ Amoa ^pV XmoCZHo$ nmbH$ h|. Vmgm|
OmH$mo Om _mJ_| ArH$ma hmo` dmH$mo dm _mJH$s ar{V AZwgma nmbZ H$aV h|.
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
118
gwI-go`:
Vhm H$hV h| Omo ^pV_mJ_|h d{MV Y_m{XH$mo `mJ Xo{Ido_| AmdV
ho. gmo `m|? Amn gwIgm| godmH$[ado `mo` h|. ^JdXr`ZH$m|Vmo g~hr H$mb
godmW hr hmoV ho. Vmgm| ^JdgodmHo$ H$mb_| `{X A` H$V` mV hmoVo hm|`
Vmo ^JdXrÒZ do H$V` godmHo$ AZdga_| H$aV h|. `m ~mVH$mo {ddoMZ
lr{d>bZmW^wMaUZZo ""AmXamX Abmon:'' `m ~gyHo$ ^m`_| {dVmagm|
{H$`mo ho. Vmgm| AmnHw$ "gwIgo`:' H$ho h|.
dOo da
Vhm H$hV h| Omo A~ VmB {OZ Zm_ZH$mo {Z$nU {H$`mo gmo Zm_Z_| d{UV
JwU Vmo Ho$db nyUnwfmom_ lrH$U_| hr hmo` gHo$ h|. Amoa lr{d>bZmW^wMaU
Vmo dogo XrgV Zmqh h|. Amn Vmo A` AdVmaZHo$go XrgV h|. V~ nydm}V JwU
Amn_| Ho$go gV hmoBJo? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV h|:Amn dOHo$ Bda h|. BVZ|,
^yZH$mo gmjmX Am{d^md Vmo dO_| hr ho gmo ""ZXdm_O CnZ:''H$s
gw~mo{YZr_| lrAmMm`MaUZZo {Z$nU H$sZmo ho. lr{d>bZmW^wMaUh pWa$ngm|
gXm dO_| dOodaH$s `mB {~amOo gmo dOoda h| gmo AmnH$mo `h Zm_ `WmW
hr ho.
^V-emoH$mnh
lrH $ U Vmo ^VZ H o $ ^`Hy $ h[ado H o $ AW d O _| nYmao hVo .
lr{d>bZmW^wMaUZ h H$hm dmhr hoVwgm| dO_| nYmao hVo? Vhm AmJoH$mo Zm_
H$hV h|:^VZHo$ emoH$ BVZ| Am{VHy$ Xy[a H$[adodmao Amn h|. Oog| ^JdmZ
lrH$UH$mo Am{d^md ^VZHo$ ^`Hy$ h[adoHo$ AW ^`mo hVmo Vog| AmnH$mo
mH$Qh g_PZmo.
emV
^JdmZ Vmo ^VHo$ A{Z>ZH$mo {ZdmaU g>fU`yhmam H$aV h|, Amnw Vmo
^VH$mo B> hr H$aV h|. n[a lr{d>bZmW^wMaU ^VHo$ A{Z>ZH$mo dmaU
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
119
H$aV h| V~ Amn_| H$moYm{XH$h g^dVo hmoBJ ,o gmo H$hm do ^JdmZH$o g>fU `yh$n
h|? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV h|:Amn emV h|, BVZ| H$moYgm| a{hV h|. Vmgm| AmnH$m|
g>fU$n Z OmZZo. AWdm Oog|-Oog| ^VH$m| BN>m hmoV ho Vog|-Vog| {dZH$s
BN>mZH$s ny{V H$aV h|. emV H$hrHo$ Amn ^VZHo$ B>H$mo gnmXZ H$[adodmao
h| Eg| OVm`mo.
gd-k
Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo BN>m Vmo _Z_| hmoV ho, VmH$mokmZ AmnH$m| Ho$go hmoV
ho? Vhm Xygamo Zm_ H$hV h|:AXa-~mhag~H$Nw> Amn OmZo h|. Amn ^JdmZ
h| Vmgm| Amn_| g~H$Nw> CnnZho.
gd-H$m_-X
Amn gdk ^bo hmoC n[a {d{dY H$maHo$ ^VZH$s {d{dY H$maH$s
BN>mZHy$ nyU H$aZmo Vmo A`V H$>gy gm` ho gmo Amn Ho$g| H$aV h|? `h
e>m hmo` Vhm Xygamo Zm_ H$hV h|:Amn ^VZH$m| A{^b{fV g~ Xododmao h|.
p_Ura_U 24
^Vaj H $Xj 27
lremo 25
^VaZnarjH$ 26&&
lrH $ U^pVdV H $ 28&&7&&
p_Ur-a_U
H$mamVagm| h lr{d>bZmW^wMaUH$mo ^JdmZgm| gm` A` Xmo Zm_Zgm|
H$hV h|:Amn lrp_UrOrHo$ n{V h|.
lre:
Amn lrb_rOr d$n lrnX_mdVrOrHo$ n{V h|.
^V-aZ-narjH$
A~ e>m hmoV ho Omo nw{>^V A gmYmaU _Zw` EH$ g[aIo hr XrgV
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
120
h| V~ {dZ_|Vo nw{>^VZH$m| Amn Ho$g| OmZV hmoBJo? Vhm AmJoH$mo Zm_ H$hV
h|:Amn ^V$nr aZZHo$ narjH$ h|. BVZ|, Oog| Omhar aZ Oogo ^m{gV hmoVo
H$mMm{XH$Hy$ AbJ H$[aHo$ {dZ_|gy aZZHy$ nWH$ Om{Z boV ho Vog| Amn Cm_
nw{>^VZH$m| A` gmYmaU _Zw`Zgy OwXo Om{Z gH$V h|.
^V-ajH$-Xj
OmHo$ nmg aZ hmoV ho gmo dmH$s ajm_| gXm Vna ahV ho; ^Vh aZ$n
h| Vmgm| H$hm Amnh {dZH$s ajm_| gXm Vna ahV hmoBJo? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV
h|:Amn ^VZH$s ajm H$[ado_| drU h|. BVZ|, Amn Omo H$Nw> H$aV h| gmo
^VH$s ajmHo$ H$mO hr H$aV h| Eg| _yb_| "Ed'H$magm| OVm`mo ho.
lrH$U-^pV-dVH$
Eg| H$[adoH$mo H$maU Zm_mVagm| H$hV h|:\$b$n lrH$U_| gdm_^md$nm
^pVHo$ Amn dVH$ h|. ^VH$m| O~ VmB \$b$n ^pV {g Zmqh hmoV ho
V~ VmB dmHo$ ^JdX^mdH$s ajm H$aZr Amd`H$ hmoV ho. gmo lr{d>bZmW^wMaU
Oog| ^pV_mJHo$ dVH$ h| Vog| ajH$h h|.
_hmgw a {VaH$Vm 29
H$_ O mS {^Xw Um e w 31
gd e m{dXJ U r 30&&
^VZo gw Y mH$a 32&&8&&
gd-em-{dXJUr
BVa _mJu` npS>Vh em OmZo h|, do lr{d>bZmW^wMaUHo$ AmJ| Ho$g|
Mwn hmoB OmV h|? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV h|:gd emZHo$ kmVmZ_| Amn AJUr
h| BVZ| A{YH$ kmZdmZ h|. Vmgm| AmnHo$ AmJ| A` npS>V Mwn hmoB OmV h|
gmo `wVhr ho.
H$_-OmS{^XwUmew
lr{d>bZmW^wMaUH$s gdm{YH$ kmZdmm_| _mU H$hV h|:H$_, kmZ
Am{X _mJZH$s OS>VmH$m| Xya H$[adodmao gy`$n h|. BVZ|, `{n, ApZ Am{X
mam h am{Ho$ g_` erVm{X O` OS>VmH$mo dmaU hmoB gH$V ho VWm{n gy`
gdm{YH$ VoOdr hmoV ho Vmgm| gy`gm| Oog| OS>VmH$mo gd Zme hmoV ho Vogmo
A` H$moC H$magm| Zmqh hmoV ho. Vog| Amn gdm{YH$ kmZdmZ h| Vmgm|
H$_m{X_mJZ_| OS>VmHo$ H$maU \$go ^ò Xdr OrdZH$s OS>VmH$m| Amn hr Xy[a
H$[a gH$V h| Vmgm| gy`$n H$ho h|.
^V-Zo-gwYmH$a
AmnH$m| gy` H$ho h| gmo H$hm ^VZH$m| Amn Vmn$n Zmqh hmoBJo? Vhm
Zm_mVa H$hV h|:lr{d>bZmW^wMaU ^VZHo$ ZoZH$m| AnZo d$nm_VH$mo
XmZ H$[aHo$ {dZHo$ VmnH$mo haU H$[adodmao gwYmH$a BVZ| M$n h|.
_hmb_r-J^ a Z 33
H $ U-d_ - g_w X ^ d 34&&
^V-{MVm_{U 35 ^pVH$nw _ -Zdmw > a 36 &&9&&
_hmgwa-{VaH$Vm
BVa _mJZH$mo {VnmXZ H$[adodmao AZoH$ {dmZZHo$ CnoXoeZH$mo ldU
H$[adogy g~ZHo$ {Mm ^mV hmo` aho h| Vm_| {ZJwU nw{>^pV_mJ_| d{m Ho$g|
hmo`Jr? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV h|:^mJdVmoV _mJgm| {^Z _mJH$mo {VnmXZ
H$aZmo gmo AgwanZm| OmZZmo. Vm_|h ^pV_mJH$mo {damoY Vmo _hm AgwanZm| ho. Ego
_hm AgwaZH$mo Amn {VaH$ma H$[adodmao h|. BVZ|, {OZ _mUZgm| BVa_mJu`
npS>V| d_mJH$mo {VnmXZ H$aV h| dm hr _mUZgm| {dZHo$ _mJZH $o Am_m`H$mo
Amn {VnmXZ H$aV h|.
_hm-b_r-J^-aZ_
lr{d>bZmW^wMaUHo$ mH$QH$mo H$ma H$hV h|:Amn lr_hmb_rOrHo$
J^gm| H$Q> ^ò aZHo$ gm_mZ h|. Oog| aZ ImZ_| hmoV ho n[a H$moC ^m`dmZH$m|
hr mV hmoV ho Vog| Amn gXmhr {d_mZ h| n[a ^VZHo$ ^m`moX`Ho$ H$mO
H$Q> ^ò.
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
121
122
Eg| lr{d>bZmW^wMaU h b_rOr g{hV JmoHw$b_| {~amOV h|.

H$U-d_-g_wX^d
^yVbn| H$Q> hmoBHo$ AmnZo H$hm H$sZmo gmo H$hV h|? AmnZ| H$U
g~Yr {ZJwU nw{>^pV_mJH$mo mH$Q {H$`mo. AWdm "H$Ud_'H$mo AW
ApZh hmoV ho. Vmgm| ddmZad$n lrdb^mMm`MaUZgm| AmnH$mo mH$Q
ho AV: AmnH$mo ApZHw$_manZm| h {g hmoV ho.
^V-{MVm_{U:
nw{>^pV_mJuZHo$ ^JdmZ {df`H$ _ZmoaW Vmo AZoH${dY hmoV h| gmo g~
^VZ H o $ g~ _Zmo a W Ho $ g| ny U H$aV hmo B J o ? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV
h|:lr{d>bZmW^wMaU ^VZHo$ {MVm_{U$n h|. BVZ|, Oog| {MVm_{U
{MpVV {df`H$m| mV H$amdV ho Vog|, mWZm {dZm hr Amn ^VZHo$ {MpVV
{df`H$m| CnbY H$[a XoV h|.
^pV-H$nw_-Zdmw>a
Amn Ho$db {MpVV AWH$m| hr XoV h|, m{WV AWH$m| H$hm Zmqh XoV h|?
Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV h|:Amn ^pV$nr H$nw_Ho$ ZdrZ Aw>a$n h|. `hm `h
^md OmZZmo Omo ^pV$nr H$nw_Ho$ Aw>[aV hmo`do _mgm| ^VHo$ gd AW
{g hmoB OmV h| Vhm ^pV O~ {g hmo` V~ H$hm AW mV Z hmo`! Vmgm|
{MVm_{U$n hmoBdogm| {MpVV AWH$m| XoV h| A H$ndj$n hmoBdogm| m{WV
AWH$m|h XoV h|, Eg| Amn_| XmoCJwUh|.
lrJmo H w $ b-H $ Vmdmg 37 H$m{bXr-nw { bZ-{` 38&&
Jmo dY ZmJ_aV 39 {`d XmdZmMb 40&&10&&
lrJmoHw$b-H$Vmdmg
AmnHo$ {~amOdoHo$ WmZ {dfo H$hV h|:lr`wV JmoHw$b_| {OZZ| {Zdmg
{H$`mo ho Ego Amn h|. Oog| lrH$UHo$ O__mgm| dO gd gm^m``wV hmoB J`mo
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
123
H$m{bXr-nw{bZ-{`
AmnHo$ JmoHw$b_| hr {~amOdoH$mo H$maU H$hV h|:AmnH$m| lr`_wZmOrH$mo
VQ> A`V {` ho. lr`_wZmOrHo$ VQ>n| AmnH$m| A^r> ^JdbrbmH$mo gwI
mV hmoV ho.
JmodYZmJ_-aV
lrJmodYZ nYm[ado_| Amn gXm CgwH$ ahV h|.
{`-dXmdZmMb
lrJmodYZ nYm[adoH$mo H$maU OZmdV h|:lr{d>bZmW^wMaUH$m| dXmdZ
A AMb=lrJmodYZ {` h|. AWdm Amn dXmdZ_| AMb r{V`wV h|
Egmo h AW ho.
Jmo d Y Z m{-_IH $ Z 41 _ho -_X-{^V - {` 42&&
H $ Ubrb H $-gd d 43 lr^mJdV-^md{dV 44&&11&&
JmodYZm{-_I-H$Z
lrJmodYZ nYm[aH|$ Amn H$hm H$aV h|? lr{d>bZmW^wMaU JmodYZ
g~Yr `kHo$ H$[adodmao h|. Oog| ^JdmZ lrH$UZ| AdVmaH$mb_| "Jmogd'
Zm_H$mo `k {H$`mo hVmo Vog| Amnh {Vdf Vmhr H$magm| JmodYZ_| `k H$aV
h|.
_ho-_X-{^V-{`
lrH$UmdVma_| JmodYZ`kHo$ ~IV Vmo gmjmV lrJmodYZZ| g~ gm_JrZH$mo
ArH$ma {H$`mo hVmo, Amn Omo `k H$aV h| V~h H$hm Ego hr ArH$ma H$aV
ho? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV h|:BHo$ A{^_mZH$m| Xy[a H$[adodmao lrH$UM
AmnH$m| A`V {` h|. BVZ|, Omo OmH$mo {` hmoV ho gmo AnZo H$m`Ho$ H$aVo
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
124
AnZo {`Ho$ H$m`H$m| A{YH$ _mZV ho. Vmgm| lr{d>bZmW^wMaUHo$ H$m`H$m|

lrH$U A{YH$ _m{ZHo$ ArH$ma H$aV h|.
H$U-brbH$-gdd
AmnH$s H$U{`Vm Vmo A{ZdMZr` ho, dmH$mo kmZ A` ^VZH$m| Ho$g|
hmoB gH$V ho? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV h|:lrH$UH$s brbmhr AmnH$mo gdd ho.
Amn {ZaVa H$UbrbmH$mo hr _aU, H$WZ, ldU Am{X H$aV h|. `mhrV|
AmnH$s H$UmgpVH$mo kmZ hmoB OmV ho.
lr^mJdV-^md-{dV
lrH$UbrbmH$mo _aUm{X Amn Ho$g| H$aV h|? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV
h|:lr^mJdVHo$ ^mdH$m| Om{Zdodmao h|. lr^mJdV ^pVem ho `m VdHy$ Omo
OmZV h| {dZH$m| hr lr^mJdVHo$ A``Zgm| ^JdXmgpV hmoV ho A`H$m| Zmqh
hmoV ho.
{nV -d{V V-nW-Mma-gw {dMmaH$ 45&&
d O o da-r{V-H$Vm 46 VpZ_U-^mo O H$ 47&&12&&
{nV-d{VV-nW-Mma-gw-{dMmaH$
Amn Vmo gdk h| Vmgm| ^pVemHo$ {dfo g~ H$Nw> OmZV h| n[a A`
Vmo gd k Zmqh h| gmo do bmo J Ho $ go g_O| ? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV
h|:lrdb^mMm`MaUmam d{VV nw{>^pV_mJHo$ MmaHo$ {dfo Amn ~hV
{dMma H$[adodmao h|. BVZ| Omo _mJ_| Am`mo ^`mo ho gmo gm_m` `pV h
^pV_mJHo$ {gmVH$m| AmN>r ^m{Vgm| g_wPr gH$V ho. A H$moB npS>V h
hmo` n[a _mJ_| `{X Am`mo Z hmo` Vmo H$Nw> g_wPr gH$V Zmqh ho `h OmZZmo.
dOoda-r{V-H$Vm
nw{>^pV_mJH$mo kmZ H$amBHo$ Amn H$hm \$b XoV h|? Vhm Zm_mVa
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
125
H$hV h|:dOHo$ Bda lrH$U_| gdm_^md$nm ^pV H$amdV h|. BVZ|,

gdm_^md$nm ^pVgm| A{YH$ nw{>^pV_mJ_| Amoa H$moC \$b Zmqh ho. Vmgm|
ò _mJ d` hr \$b$n ho Vhm `m _mJV| H$hm \$b hmoV ho ò e>m hr AVwV
ho.
VZ-{Z_U-^moOH$
^pV_mJ_| H$moD$ Ord A{YH$mar ho. Vmgm| eym{X hrZ `mo{ZHo$ Ord
^pV_mJ_| Am`Ho$ ^yZH$m| ^moJm{XH$ g_n] Vmo H$hm ^w {dZmam g_{nV
^moJH$mo ArH$ma H$aV hmoBJo? Vhm Zm_mVa H$hV h|:AmnHo$ {Z_UHo$ de
lrH$U gd nw{>^pV_mJuZHo$ dhm ^moJm{XH$mo ArH$ma H$aV h|. BVZ|,
em_| H$mo ho Omo ~mU h `{X ^V Zmqh ho Vmo dmHo$ mam g_{nVH$moh
^JdmZ ArH$ma Zmqh H$aV h|. Amoa ey h `{X ^V ho Vmo dmHo$ mam
g_{nVH$mo ^JdmZ o_gm| drH$ma H$aV h|. Vmgm| lrdb^m>H$_| H$mo ho
""`m nw{>^pV_mJ_| pWV Omo H$moC ^V H$moC dVwH$mo H$hh Ho$g|h ^yZH$m|
g_nU H$aV ho dmH$mo Jmonrn{V ^JdmZ lrH$U gZVmgm| ArH$ma H$aV
h|''.
~mb-brbm{X-gw rVmo 48 Jmo n r-g~pY-gH$W 49 &&
A{V-J^ra-Vmn` 50 H$WZr`-Jw U mH$a 51&&13&&
~mb-brbm{X-gw-rVmo
lr{d>bZmW^wMaU ^yZH$s ~mb, nmJS> VWm {H$emoa brbm_| A{Ve`
r{Vdmao h|.
Jmonr-g~pY-gH$W
Eg| lr^mJdV nwamUHo$ Xe_H$YHo$ _mU, _o` VWm gmYZ H$aU_|
{Z${nV ^Jdbrbm_| AmnH$s AmgpVH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ A~ \$b H$aU_|
{Z${nV ^Jdbrbm_| AmnH$s {deof AmgpV AJbo Zm_gy OVmdV
h|:lrJmonrOZZH$s Cm_ brbmH$WmH$m| H${hdodmao h|.
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
126
A{V-J^ra-Vmn`
Amn Omo ^JdH$Wm H$hV h| VmH$mo Vmn` A`V J^ra hmoV ho. `m|
H${hHo$ `h OVm` Omo ^V {dZm A` H$moC AmnHo$ Vmn`H$m| Om{Z gH$V Zmqh
ho.
H$WZr`-JwUmH$a
lr{d>bZmW^wMaU Cm_ H$magm| dUZ H$[ado `mo` AZV JwUZHo$
^S>ma h|.
{nV-demoX{Y-{dYw52 dmZw$n-gwVgy53&&
{XMH$d{VgH$s{Va54 _hmodb-M[admZ55&&14&&
{nV-demoX{Y-{dYw
lr{d>bZmW^wMaU {nVmHo$ de$n g_w_|gm| MHo$ Oog| H$Q> ^ò h|.
MmoX` hmo`don| g_w_| d{ hmoV ho Eg| AmnHo$ mH$Qgm|h {nVdeH$s d{
^B ho.
dmZw$n-gwV-gy
lr{d>bZmW^wMaU AnZo Vw` nwZH$m| H$Q> H$[adodmao h|.
{XMH$d{V-gH$s{V:
AmnH$s Cm_ H$s{V gd {XemZ_| `mV ho.
_hmodb-M[admZ
lr{d>bZmW^wMaU _hmZ Cdb M[admao h|. BVZ|, {Xem Oog| n[a{_V
hmoV ho Vog| AmnH$s H$s{V_|h H$mhH$m| n[a{_VVmH$s e>m hmo` gmo VmHo$ dmaUHo$
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
127
AW H$hV h| Omo AmnH$mo M[a _hmZ BVZ| An[a{_V JwUZgm| nyU {ZXm}f M[a
ho.
AZo H $-{j{Vn-lo U r-_y Y m g V-nXm~w O 56 &&
{d-Xm[a-XmdmpZ 57 ^yXodmpZ-nyOH$58&&15&&
AZoH$-{j{Vn-loUr-_yYm-gV-nXm~wO
AmnHo$ MaUma{dX AZoH$ amOmZHo$ _VH$Cna h|. BVZ| AmnHo$ Abm{H$H$
^mdgm| amOm OmoVqgh, amOm AmgH$aU, amOm Q>moS>a_b, AH$~a, nraOmXr,
~ra~b Oog| AZoH$ amOnwf AmnH$m| _mZV hVo.
{d-Xm[a-XmdmpZ
XmZm{XH$[aH|$ ~mUZH$s X[aVmH$mo Zme H$[adodmao h|.
^yXodmpZ-nyOH$
`km{XH$mam Amn ndr, XodVm A ApZ H$mo gH$ma H$aV h|.
em_`mXmHo$ ajUmW maH$m_| ^JdmZ Oog| `k-XmZ-VrW-VnUm{X emr`
H$_ H$aV hVo Vog|
lr{d>bZmW^wMaUh bmoH$_| em_`mXmHo$ ajUmW `km{X
H$aV h|.
Jmo - ~ m U-mU-ajm-na 59 g`-namÙ 60 &&
{`-lw{VnW 61 edZ _hm-_IH$a 62 ^w 63&&16&&
Jmo-~mU-mU-ajm-na
Amn Jm` A ~mU Ho$ mUZH$s ajm H$[adodmao h|.
g`-namÙ
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
128
Amn g` BVZ| na~_| namÙ a{hdodmao ^JdXr` h|. AWdm Amn g`

BVZ| Cm_ kmZdmZ h|.
{`-lw{V-nW
AmnH$m| doX_mJ A{V {` ho. H$UmdVma_| lw{V`| Jmonr$ngm| H$Q> ^B
hVr. Vmgm| {dZ lw{V$nm JmonrOZZH$mo _mJ AmnH$m| A{V {` ho Egmoh ^md
`m Zm_H$mo ho.
edZ _hm-_I-H$a
Amn {ZaVa gmo_m{X _hm`k H$[adodmao h|. BVZ|, A` OZ Vmo
dJbmoH$m{XH$H$s mpVHo$ AW `k H$aV h| n[a Amn Vmo ^wH$m| `k$n
Om{ZHo$ {dZH$s r{VHo$ AW `k H$aV h| Vmgm| _yb_| "_hm'nX H$mo ho.
^w
Amn gdg_W h|.
H $ UmZw J h -g b `mo 64 _hm-n{VV-nmdZ 65&&
AZo H $_mJ - g p b> - Ord-dm`Xmo _hmZ 66&&17&&
H$UmZwJh-gb`mo
AmnHo$ mam lrH$UH$mo AZwJh gwb^ hmoV ho.
_hm-n{VV-nmdZ
lr{d>bZmW ^wMaU _hmn{VV OrdZH$m|h nmdZ H$[aHo$ Cma H$[adodmao
h|.
AZoH$-_mJ-gpb>-Ord-dm`-Xmo _hmZ
Amn H$_-kmZ-CnmgZm{X AZoH$ _mJZ_| ^Q>{H$Ho$ boe nm`dodmao
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
129
OrdZH$m| dWVm XmZ H$[adodmao h|.

ZmZm-^ _ -{ZamH$Vm 67
^VmkmZ{^Xw m_ 68&&
_hm-nw f-g`m{Va 69 _hm-nw f-{dJ h 70&&18&&
ZmZm-^_-{ZamH$Vm
AZoH$ H$maHo$ _mJZHo$ CnXoeH$m| ldUH$[aH|$ ^mV ^ò OrdZHo$ ^_H$mo
{ZamH$aU H$[adodmao Amn h|.
^VmkmZ{^Xwm_
Amn dH$s` ^VZHo$ gd{dY AkmZH$m| Xy[a H$[adodmao Cm_ AmMm` h|.
_hm-nwf-g`m{Va
AmnH$s `m{V _hmnwafZ_| h ho. AWdm AmnHo$ H$maU _hmnwfZH$s
`m{V ho. AWdm AmnH$s `m{V _hmnwafZgm| h A{YH$ ho.
_hm-nwf-{dJh
AmnH$mo {dJh _hmnwfZHo$ H$mO ho. Omo ^Jdg~pY hmoV h| do hr
"_hmnwf' H$hdmdV h|. Ego _hmnwfZHo$ H$mO Amn H$Q> ^ò h|. AWdm
^JdXr` AmnHo$ {dJh-A$n h| Egmo h AW hmoV ho.
Xe Z r`V_mo 71 dm_r 72 _m`mdmX-{Zamg-H $ V 73&&
gXm gZ-dXZmo 74 _w Y-p_V-_w I m~w O 75&&19&&
XeZr`-V_mo
Amn A`V XeZr`-gwXa h|.
dm_r
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
130
AmnH$s dmUr _Zmoha. Amn _mU-`wpV nwaga Oog| gdOZZH$m| ~moY

hmo` Vog| {VnmXZ H$aV h|.
_m`m-dmX-{Zamg-H$V
Amn _m`mdmXH$mo {Zamg H$[adodmao h|.
BVZ| OJV _m`mgm| ~`mo ho Ego Om _m`mdmXH$mo lre>amMm`Zo {VnmXZ
{H$`mo dmH$mo {Zamg H$[adodmao h|. `h H${hHo$ `h h OVm`mo Omo emgm| {d
{OVZo _V-dmX h| {dZ g~Ho$ Amn {ZamgH$Vm h|.
gXm gZ-dXZmo
Amn gXm gZVmgm| {~amOV h|. AmnHo$ H$maU AmnHo$ godH$h gXm
gZ ahV h|.
_wY-p_V-_wIm~wO
AmnH$mo _wIma{dX gwXa hm``wV ho.
76
77
o _ m J - {dembmj
{j{V_S>b_S>Z &&
{OJX-`m{n-gH$s{V-YdbrH$V-_oMH$78 &&20&&
o_m-J-{dembmj
o_gm| ^rOo Zodmao ^VZn| Amn H$nm`wV {demb ZoZgm| XoIV h|.
dmgw Y mH $ >-^VmV-H$aU 79 ew - VmnZ 80 &&

^V-g m{W V -H$amo 81 XmgXmgrpgVX 82&&21&&
dmgwYmH$>-^VmV-H$aU
AnZo dMZ$nr A_Vgm| lr{d>bZmW^wMaUZ| ^VZHo$ AV:H$aUH$m|
de {H$ò h|.
ew-VmnZ
ewH$m| AnZo VmnV| Xmh H$aV h|. ^pV_mJgm| {damo{Y ^mdHy$ ew^md
OmZZmo. Ego ^mdZH$mo Ord_|Vo Zme H$aV h|.
^V-gm{WV-H$amo
^V OmH$s mWZm H$aV h| dmHy$ nyU H$aV h|. AWdm AmnHo$ ^Vh Ego
g_W h| Omo {dZHo$ g_wI H$moB mWZm H$aV ho Vmo dmH$m| nyU H$aV h|.
Xmg-XmgrpgV-X
AmnZo Xmg-XmgrZHo$ _ZmoaW nyU H$aV h|.
A{M `-_{h_m-@_o ` mo 83 {d_`mnX-{dJ h 84 &&
^Vbo e mgh 85 gd g hmo 86 ^VH $ Vo de 87&&22&&
{j{V-_S>b-_S>Z
Amngm| "{j{V_S>b' BVZ| ndr emo^m`_mZ ^B ho.
A{M`-_{h_m-@_o`mo
AmnH$s _{h_m A{M` ho Vmgm| gmYmaU Ord AmnH$mo d$n Om{Z
gH$V Zmqh h|.
{OJX-`m{n-gH$s{V-YdbrH$V-_oMH$
VrZm| bmoH$Z_| `mV H$s{Vgm| AmnZo Xdr nw{>OrdZH$m| n{d {H$ò h|.
{d_`mnX-{dJh
AmnH$mo {dJh-d$n {d_` H$am`dodmamo ho.
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
131
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
132
^V-boemgh
Amn ^VHo$ boeH$m| g{h gH$V Zmqh h|.
gd-ghmo
Amn g~ H$Nw> ghZ H$[adodmao h|.
BVZ| ^V `{n Om{ZHo$ AnamY H$aV Zmqh ho VWm{n ^VV| d{MV
AkmZgm| H$moC AnamY hmoB OmV ho Vmo dmH$m| Amn ghZ H$aV h|, XS> Zmqh XoV
h|. Oog| H$UXmg A{YH$m[aZo AmnH$m| lrOrH$s godm_| nYmaVo amoHo$ VmoC AmnZo
{dZH$mo j_m XrZr.
^V-H$Vo de
Amn ^VZHo$ AYrZ h|.
AmMm` - aZ 88
gdm Z w J h H $ Z _{dm_ 89&&
g d d X m Z H w $ e b m o 90J r V g r V g m J a 91 & & 2 3 & &
AmMm`-aZ
lrdb^mMm`MaUHo$ aZ$n Amn h|. BVZ| AnZo {nVmHo$ Zohnm Amn
h|. AWdm g_V AmMm`Z_| Amn aZ$n lo> h|.
gdmZwJh-H$Z-_-{dm_
g~Zn| AZwJh H$[adodmao Amn _H$m| Om{Zdodmao h|. "_'H$mo AW ah`
hmoV ho. Amn gdemHo$ ah`$n lrH$UHw$ mV H$[adoHo$ Cnm`H$m| AmN>r
^m{Vgm| Om{Zdodmao h|.
gdd-XmZ-Hw$ebmo
g~ ^VZH$m| AnZmo g~ H$Nw> XmZ H$[ado_| Hw$eb h|. BVZ|, Wmoamo-~hV

Vmo H$moC XoB gHo$ n[a AnZo gdd Omo ^Jdd$n gmo Vmo AnZo godH$ZH$m| Amn
hr XoV h|.
JrV-grV-gmJa
Amn Jm`Z-dmXZ Am{X H$bmHo$ gmJa h|.
Jmo d Y Z mMbgImo 92
Jmo n Jmo J mo { nH$m{` 93&&
{MpVVkmo 94 _hm~w { a 95 OJX d nXm~w O 96&&24&&
JmodYZmMbgImo
JmodYZ_| pWa dmg H$[adodmao lrJmodYZYa AmnHo$ gIm h|. AWdm
lrJmodYZ ndV AmnHo$ gIm h|. lrJmodYZ ndV ^Vlo> h| Vog| Amnh h|.
Vmgm| Amn XmoCZH$mo g` `wV hr ho.
Jmon-Jmo-Jmo{nH$m-{`
Jmon, Jm` A Jmo{nH$m AmnH$m| A`V {` h|.
{MpVVkmo
Amn ^V VWm ^JdmZ Ho$ {dMmaZH$m| Om{Zdodmao h|.
_hm-~w{:
Amn A`V ~w{embr h|.
OJX-d-nXm~wO
AmnHo$ MaUma{dX g_V OJVH$m| dXZr` h|.
OJXmM` a gH $ V 97
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
133
gXm
H $ U-H$Wm-{` 98 &&
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
134
gw I mo X H $ H $ {V 99
gd g Xo h -N>o X X{jU 100 &&25&&
AmnH$mo AV:H$aU gXm lrH$U_| ahV ho. AWdm lrH$U gXm Amn_|
~gV h|.
OJXmMàgH$V
Amn g~ZH$m| AmM` H$amdV h|. BVZ|, bm{H$H$ _Zw` ge XrIdon|h
Abm{H$H$ H$m` H$aV h| Vmgm| g~ZH$m| AmM`hmoVho.
gXm H$U-H$Wm-{`
H$UH$s H$Wm AmnH$m| gXm {` ho.
dg_nH$
AnZmo Jh-Xoh-YZm{XH$ g~ H$Nw> ^yZH$m| g_{nV H$aV h|.
eaUmdXe H $ 107 &&
{Zdo { X^Vgd d 106
lrH $ UmZw J h rV H $ mW Z r`nXm~w O 108 &&27&&
gwImoXH$H${V
AmnH$s H${V gwIX \$b CnZ H$[adodmar ho.
{Zdo{X-^V-gdd
{OZ ^VZZ| ^yZH$m| Am_{ZdoXZ {H$`mo ho {dZHo$ Amn gdd h|.
gd-gXoh-N>oX-X{jU
Amn ^VZHo$ gd gXohZH$mo N>oXZ H$[ado_| Hw$eb h|.
eaUmd-XeH$
Amn eaU_mJHo$ {XIm`dodmao h|. BVZ| ^JdmZZo ^JdXJrVm Am{X_| Om
eaU_mJH$mo {Z$nU {H$`mo ho dmH$m| AmN>r ^m{Vgm| g_wPm`dodmao Amn h|.
{Vnj-j` H $a 102 &&

dnjajUo
Xj 101
Jmo{nH$m{dahm{d>103 H$Um_m104 dg_nH$105&&26&&
d-nj-ajUo Xj
AnZo njH$mo Amn AmN>r ^m{Vgm| ajU H$[adodmao h|.
{V-nj-j`>a
AnZo {damo{Y njH$mo Amn Zme H$[adodmao h|.
Jmo{nH$m{dahm{d>
dO^VZHo$ {d`moJ^mdgm| Amn Am{d> h|.
H$Um_m
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
135
lrH$UmZwJhrVH$-mWZr`-nXm~wO
lrH$UZ| {OZH$m| AZwJhrV {H$ò h| Ego ^Vgm| hr AmnHo$ MaUH$_bH$s
mWZm hmoB gH$V ho.
(`m VmoHo$ nmR>H$mo \$b)
B_m{Z
Zm_aZm{Z
lr{d>b-nXm~w O _ &&
`mdm VXo H $eaUmo ` nR>o V g h[a bô V &&28&&
`X - `Z _Z`{^`mò V VmXmZmo `g e `_ &&
lr{dQ>R>bnXm~wO_=lr{dQ>R>bZmW- Zm_aZm{Z=Zm_$nr aZZH$mo
^wMaUHo$ MaUH$_bZH$mo
nR>oV=nmR>H$aoho, g:=dmo
`mdm=`mZ H$[aHo$
h[a_=h[aH$m|
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
136
VXoH$eaU:=EH$ {dZhrHo$eaU_| a{hHo$, `:=Omo

B_m{Z=`m
VV-VX=dmo-dmo, AmZmo{V=mV H$ao
bôV=mV H$ao ho
`X-`Z=Omo-Omo, _Z{g=_Z_|
A{^`mòV={~Mmao ho
ho, Age`_=ge` Zmht ho
^mdmW : lr{d>bZmW^wMaUHo$ MaUH$_bZH$mo `mZ Y[aHo$ {dZhrHo$ eaU_|

a{hHo$ Omo AmnHo$ BZ Zm_$nr aZZH$m| Ono ho gmo lrh[aH$m| mV H$ao ho Amoa
_Z_| Omo-Omo _ZmoaW H$ao ho gmo g~ _ZmoaW nyU hmoV ho.
Zm_aZm{^Y{_X Vmo ` nR>o V gw Y r&&29&&
dXr` V J h mUmew m` _ EVZ __ ^mo &&
lr{d>b-nXm^moO-_H$aX-Owf:=lr{dQ>R>bZmW^wMaUHo$ MaUH$_bHo$
namJH$mo godZ H$[adodmao
lraKwZmW`=
lraKwZmWOrH$s
B`=ò
H${V:=aMZm
A{Ze_=gXm
{dO`VoVam_={dO` mV H$aVr aho
^mdmW : lr{d>bZmW^wMaUHo$ MaUH$_bHo$ namJH$mo godZ H$[adodmao
lraKwZmWOrH$s ò H${V gXm {dO`H$mo mV H$aVr aho.
&&B{V lraKwZmW{da{MV Zm_aZm`Vmo gnyU_&&
^mo=ho ^w!
BX=ò
Zm_aZm{^Y="Zm_aZ'Zm_H$mo
Vmo=VmoH$mo
`:=Omo
gwYr:=~{_mZ
nR>oV=AmN>r ^m{Vgm| nmR> H$ao
V=dmH$mo Amn
dXr`=AmnwZmo Om{ZHo$
Amew=erK,
JhmU=drH$ma H$amo
EVZ=ò
__=_oar
m`_=mWZm ho
^mdmW : ho g_W ^mo! _oar Amngm| ò mWZm ho Ho$ Omo ~{_mZ ^V `m

"Zm_aZ'Zm_H$ VmoH$mo AW-Vmn`Ho$ kmZ VWm lm nydH$ nmR> H$ao dmH$m|
Amn AmnwZmo Om{ZHo$ drH$ma H$amo.
lr{d>b-nXm^mo O-_H$aX-Ow fmo @{Ze_ &&
B` lraKw Z mW` H $ {Va {dO`Vo V am_ &&30&&
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
137
Zm_aZm`Vmo_
138
&& lr`wZm>H$ &&

(6)
`m lr`wZm>H$H$mo AWkmZnydH$ nmR> H$[adogm| ÔZmZXH$s {g{ hmo`Jr
`m Ame`gm| lrXdb^mMm` AmR> bmoH$ZHo$ mam lr`wZmOrHo$ d$nH$mo
dUZ H$a| h|:
Zm{
`w Z mh
gH$b{g{ho V w
w X m
w a m[a-nX-nL H $O-w $ aXX-ao U y H$Q>m
&&
VQ>W-ZdH$mZZ-H$Q>-moX-nwnm~wZm
gw a mgw a -gw n y { OV-a{nVw : {l` {~^ V r & &1&&
Ad`mW :
gH$b{g{hoVw=gH$b{g{Ho$ H$maU^yV
wam[anXnLH$O-w$aXX-aoUyH$Q>m =waX`Ho$ ewHo$ MaUH$b| MH$Vr
~hmoVgr aOgy âo^ò
VQ>WZdH$mZZH$Q>moXnwnm~wZm =VQ>na ZdrZ dZ| H$Q> nwnZH$o ggm|
gwJpYV Obgm|
gwamgwa-gwny{OV-a-{nVw:=
gwa Amoa Agwa gm| Am{N> ^m{Vgm| ny{OV
{l`=emo^mHw$
Ah=
{~^Vt=YmaU H$[adodmar
wXm=gZVmgm|
`wZm=`wZmOrH$m|
Zm{=ZZ H$$ h
^mdmW : lr`wZmOrHw$ ZZ H$$ h. lr`wZmOr g~ {grZHo$ H$maU h|.
wam[a Omo lrH$U {VZHo$ MaUma{dXH$s aO Obgy A{YH$ Om| w$am`mZ ho
Ego AmnHo$ VQ>no CJo ^ò nwnZgm| gwJpYV dZHo$ H$maU gwJY`wV ObH$[aH|$
gwa^md Amoa Agwa^md dmao ^VZHw$ ^wH$mo aU hmo` Egr emo^mHw$ YmaU H$ao
h|. gmo XmoC H$maHo$ ^V ^JdmZH$s mpVHo${bò lr`wZmOrH$mo nyOZ H$aV h|.
lr`_wZm>H$_
139
&&lr^w M aU{da{MVm
{dd { V:&&
{ddmomamWodm@@{d^yV-dXmdZ{`m:&
H$n`Vw gXm VmVMaUm {` {d>bo&&
{d{dYbrbmon`mo{JZt H$m{bXt VmoVwH$mm: lrJmoHw$boeo `Wm Ord:
ZZm{V[aV Z H$Vw e`, VWm H$m{bm{n B{V AmeòZ AmXm ZZod
Amh: "Zm{' B{V. ^JdVm A>{dYd` H$m{b Xm B{V kmnZm` A>{^:
bmH$: VwdpV. gmjmX- ^Jdgodmon`mo{J-XohmpV-VbrbmdbmoH$ZVgmZw ^ d-gdm ^mdmX`: gH$b{g`mo ko ` m:. AVEd ZZ w X {n.
ObXmofmH$wa` Aao: nXnLH$O`mo: w$aV: godmon`mo{J-Xohm{X-gnmXZmowIm
ò aoUdmo AXm dOgwXar-dX-MaUaoU-w gm{hòZ AZnm: Vo CH$Q>m Obmnoj`m
A{YH$m `. EVoZ Xmof^` ^JdmpV{db~M AnmV:. AJo n>.
ObXeZ` ^JdmaH$d ^mdOZH$d M kmn{`Vw "a{nV'nX&&1&&
Q>rH$m : lr`wZmOrHw$ ZZ H$$ h. lr`wZmOr Ho$go h| gmo {Z$nU H$aV h|
Omo Amn g~ {grZHo$ H$maU h|. ^VZ| ^JdX^mdH$s d{ H$ao h|, ^JdmZH$mo
g~Y hmo`do| Omo-Omo {V~Y hm|` {VZ g~ZHw$ {Q>m`Ho$ ^JdmZH$mo AZw^d
H$[ado| {OVZr ew{H$s Amd`H$Vm ho {VVZr ew{ H$a| h|, {~Zm hr l
^JdmZH$mo g~Y H$amd| h|, ^JdmZH$mo {`nZmo {g H$a| h|, H${bH$s {Zd{m
H$a| Egr ^JdXr`ZH$s ~S>mB YmaU H$a| h|, ZdrZ (^wgodmon`moJr) Xoh gnmXZ
H$a| h| B`m{XH$ A>{dY Eod` AmnH$m| {g h|. Amoa ^wH$s brbmH$mo XeZ
H$amdo h|, ^wH$s brbmHo$ AmZXH$mo AZw^d H$amdo h|, gdm^mdH$s {g{ H$a|
h|, ^JdmZHo$ {d`moJ|h ^JdmZHo$ Amdoedmamo Xoh {g H$a| h|, {OZH$s bm{H$H$
g~ {df`Z| {> Z hmo` Amoa ^rVa {> hmo` {VZHw$ ^wH$s brbmHo$ XeZH$s
{g{ H$amdo h|. ^wH$mo {dah hmo` V~ Oogmo gdm^md M{hò Vogmo gdm^md
{g H$a| h| B`m{XH$ AZoH$ {g{ h|. BZ g~ {g{ZHo$ H$maU (=Xo`dodmao)
lr`wZmOr h|.
wam[a Omo lrH$U {VZHo$ MaUma{dXH$s aO Obgy A{YH$ Om| w$am`mZ
lr`_wZm>H$_
140
ho (Ego Amn h|). ^wHo$ ~hmoV Zm h| {VZ| "wam[a' Zm {bpIdoH$mo A{^m`

Egmo ho Omo Oog| ^mmgwaZo gmoah hOma amOH$`mZHw$ amoH$s hVr {VZHw$ ^JdmZH$s
mpV hmo`do| {V~Y$n ObH$mo XmofmH$ waX` hVmo. VmHw$ m[aHo$ ^JdmZZ|
g~ZHw$ ArH$ma H$s{Z. Vog|{h ^wH$s mpV| {V~Y$n Omo Xmof hmo` VmHw$
{Q>m`Ho$ ^w Amn ^VZH$m| ArH$ma H$a| h|. Ego ^wHo$ MaUma{dXH$s aO
lr`wZmOr| w$am`mZ ho ò OVm`doHo${bò "wam[a' Zm H$mo ho. VQ>no Omo CJo
^ò dZ h| {VZH$s gwJY {OZHo$ nwnZ| H$Q> hmo` ahr ho {dZ nwnZgm|
gwJpYV dZHo$ H$maU gwJY`wV ObH$[aH|$ gwa^md Amoa Agwa^md dmao ^VZH$w
^wH$mo aU#B*#A hmo` Egr emo^mHw$ YmaU H$ao h|. Vm| X`^mddmao ^V
gwa^mddmao h| Amoa mZ^mddmao ^V Amgwa^mddmao h|. Eg| XmoC H$maHo$ ^V
^JdmZH$s mpVHo${bò lr`wZmOrH$mo nyOZ H$aV h|&&1&&
{Q>nUr:*N>mXmo` Cn{ZfX| "a'H$mo AW aU {b`mo ho. Vog| `hmh
gOZmo.
lr`wZmOrHo$ mH$Q>H$mo H$ma ~Vmd| h|:
H${bX-{J[a-VHo $
nVXX-ny a mo dbm
{dbmg-JZmo bgV - H$Q>-JS>e b mo ZVm
&&
gKmof-J{V-XVwam-g{Y$T>-Xmobmomm
w H w $ X-a{V-d{ Z r O`{V n~Ymo : gw V m&&2&&
H${bX-{J[a-VHo$="H${bX' ZmHo$ ndVHo$ {eIan|
nVX-AX-nyamodbm={JaVo ~IV Vrd doJHo$ H$maU Cdb o$Z VWm
dmh dmao
{dbmg-JZmobgV-H$Q>-JS>-ebmoZVm=AnZr {dbmgnyU J{Vgm| ndVHo$
N>moQ>o-~S>o {ebmIS>ZHw$ D$na CN>mbHo$ H$Q> H$[ado| d`h CZV hmoBHo$
M{bdodmar
lr`_wZm>H$_
141
gKmofJ{VXVwam=ObdmhHo$ Kmofmam {d{dY ag-^mdZH$m| H$Q> H$aVr ^B

g{Y$T>-Xmobmomm=Cm nmbH$s| {~am{OHo$ nYmaVr ^B
wHw$X-a{V-d{Zr=^JdmZ wHw$XH$s a{VH$m| ~T>m`dodmar
n-~Ymo:=H$bHo$ gIm gy`H$s
gwVm=nwrH$mo
O`{V=CH$f hmoC
^mdmW : gy`S>bV| H${bXndVHo$ Cna {Jadogy o$Z ~hmoV hmo`dogy nya ~hmoV
Amdo ho, VmH$[aH|$ Cdb h|. D$Mo-ZrMo ndVZn| MT>Zmo-CVaZmo ho gmo
{dbmgJ{V$n| gwemo{^V ho. ObdmhH$mo doJ nmfmUHw$ D$Mo |$Ho$ ho Vmgy do
nmfmU H$Q> XrIo h|. VmH$[aH|$ lr`wZmOrH$mo dmh D$Mmo XrIdo| Amdo ho.
eXg{hV dmhH$s J{Vgy {dbmg`wV Cm qhS>mobm| {damOVo hm|` Eg| OmZ
naV h|. wHw$X lrH$UH$s r{V ^VZ| ~T>md| h| Amoa ^VZH$s r{V ^JdmZ|
~T>md| h|. Amoa H$bHo$ ~Yw$n gy`H$s nwr h|. Ego lr`wZmOr g~ZV| ~S>mBgy
{dam{OV h|.
{dd{V : Am{d^mdH$ma Amh: "H${bX' B{V. a{dS>bmX A{VXyamX {J[aVHo$
nmVo o$ZoZ dmhOboZ M Cdbm. CM-ZrM-ebmamohmdamohm {dbmgJ{V$nm.
V CbgV: emo^m mZwdV: dmhdoJoZ CM: {jVm AVEd H$Q>m: gd}fm
`m: V: Vme: VWm. CMV: nmVo emo^m Cdm VVmo {df^y{J{Vemo^m
Amh: "gKmof' B{V. "XVwa'eXoZ {d{dY{dH$madd C`Vo. ""{dnwbnwbH$â-XVw[aV'' (JrVJmo{dX 11&22&7) ""Ho$V{H$-XVw[aVmeo'' (Vd
1&3&6) B`m{X O`XodmopVa{n. dOOZ-JmodXm{X-{d{dYJ{V{^: Vmerd.
"Kmof:' eXmo dOmo dm. AZ{VWyb{ebmgw J{V-emo^`m Ag{Y$T>od
g{Y$T>Xmobmomm. VVmo ^ym AmJ` wHw$Xa{Vd{Zr OmVm. `Vmo agmH$agI` gwVm, AV: d`{n agmpH$m B{V ^md:&&2&&
lr`_wZm>H$_
142
Q>rH$m : gy`S>b| Omo ZmamÙ h| {VZHo$ AmZXmH$ X`gy dr^yV agmH$

H$Q> hmo`Ho$ gy`S>bV| H${bX ndVHo$ Cna {Jao h|. Vhm H$m{bXrHw$ AnZo|
{bmdo h|. Amoa A`V D$MoV| {J[adogy o$Z ~hmoV hmo` ho. Vmgy nya ~hmoV Amdo
ho. VmH$[aH|$ Cdb h|. D$Mo-ZrMo ndVZn| MT>Zmo-CVaZmo ho gmo {dbmgJ{V$n
ho. Vm| gwemo{^V Amoa dmhH$mo doJ nmfmUHw$ D$Mo |$Ho$ ho Vmgy do nmfmU H$Q>
XrIo h|. VmH$[aH|$ lr`wZmOrH$mo dmh D$Mmo XrIdo| Amdo ho. eXg{hV
dmhH$s J{Vgy {dbmg`wV XrIo h|. AWdm g~ dOdmgr Ohm Om` h| dhm
dOHw$ g boHo$ Om` h|. Ego dOg{hV dOdmgrZH$s J{VH$[aH|$ {dbmg`wV h|.
{hXmobm| Zmht {damOo h| VWm{n D$Mo-ZrMo WbZn| Omo dmh Mbo ho VmH$[aH|$
Cm {hXmobm| {damOVo hm|` Eg| OmZ naV ho. `hm "CmXmobm' H${hdoH$mo
A{^m` `h ho Omo XmobmH$mo d^md Am`do-Om`doH$mo ho Amoa lr`wZmOrH$mo
dmh Vmo ^JdmZHo$ XeZH$s AmVwaVm hmo` Vog| gwI hr Om` ho. Vmgy ""Cm
Xmobm| A{Y$T> h|'' Eg| H$mo ho. wHw$X, Omo moj Xododmao, lrH$U {VZH$s
r{V ^VZ| ~T>md| h| Amoa ^VZH$s r{V ^JdmZ| ~T>md| h|. Amoa H$bHo$
~Yw$n gy`H$s nwr h|. Ego lr`wZmOr g~ZV| ~S>mBgy {dam{OV h|&&2&&
lr`wZmOr ^y{n| nYmao Vm nrN>oHo$ YH$mo {Z$nU H$hVh|:
^w d
^w d ZnmdZr
A{YJVm
AZo H $dZ :
{`m{^[ad
go { dVm
ew H $-`y a -h g m{X{^:&&
Va-^wOH$LH$U-H$Q>-wpVH$m-dmbwH$m{ZV~-VQ>-gw Xat ZV H $ U-Vw ` - {`m & &3&&
^wdZnmdZt=^wdZH$m| nmdZ H$[adodmar
^wd=^y{n|
A{YJVm=Am`Ho$
AZoH$dZ:=AZoH$ H$maHo$ H$bad H$[adodmar
{`m{^:=gpIZgm|, Bd=gmZ
lr`_wZm>H$_
143
ewH$`yahgm{X{^:=ewH$ `ya hg Am{Xgm|

go{dVm=go{dV
Va-^wO-H$LH$U-H$Q>-wpVH$m-dmbwH$m-{ZV~-VQ>-gwXat=VaZH$s
^wOmZ| YmaU H$ao ^ò H$LH$U| O{Q>V PrZo-PrZo moVrZH$sgr dmbwH$mdmao
{ZV~ gmZ gwXa VQ>dmar
H$UVw`{`m=lrH$UH$s MVwW{`mH$m| ZV=ZZ H$amo
^mdmW : lr`wZmOr ndrna nYm[aHo$ ^VZHo$ eara$nr ^wdZH$s ^JdgodmHo$
`mo` ew{ H$ao h|. g~ lrJmonrOZ Oog| lr`wZmOrH$mo godZ H$a| h| Vog| AZoH${dY
H$bad-eX H$adodmao ewH$, `ya Amoa hg ^{V g~ njrZH$[aH|$h lr`wZmOr
go{dV h|. lr`wZmOrHo$ lrhV$nr Va O~ Vran| Amdo h| V~ lrhV| YmaU
H$ao H$LH$U| wVm$b$nr dmbwH$m H$m{eV hmo` ho. Câo ^ò {ZV~$n
VQ>dmao lr`wZmOr ^wHo$ MVwW {`m h|. Ego lr`wZmOrHw$ Vw g~ ZZ H$amo.
{dd{V : VVmo ^w{d AmJVm`m: YmZ Amh: "^wd' B{V. `moOZ ^wdZnmdZr
B{V. AZoH$dZ: B{V ewH$m{X{deofU. EVoZ {d^mdm{XgmJr CVm. `
`Wm C{MV V VWm Hw$dVr{V "{`m'nX. Vra` MmH$M`dV {gH$VmH$Vemo^m
Vd$n{n Amh: "Va' B{V. `Xm Vam: Vra AmJ` gVm: ^dpV VXm
Vra{gH$Vm: wVmdX ^mgVo. Vm: Z {gH$Vm: bmoH$Vr{V: na VWm; {H$Vw
VamEd ^wOm: V `m{Z H$LH$Um{Z V H$Q>m `m wpVH$m wVm$bm{Z
Vmòd dmbwH$mdV Vr`mZm{Z VwVmo `mo {ZV~Ed CMXoemH$VQ>: VoZ
Vmer. ^Jd{V Zohm{Ve`mo {deofUoZ CV:&&3&&
Q>rH$m : lr`wZmOr ndrna nYmao h| gmo ^VZHw$ ^JdX^md gnmXZH$[aH|$
A`^mdgy a{hV H$ao h| Amoa earaH$s ^JdgodmHo$ `mo` ew{ H$ao h|. Eg|
(=`m H$magy) bmoH$Hw$ n{d H$a| h|. lrJmonrOZ g~ Oog| lr`wZmOrH$mo godZ
H$a| h| Vog| AZoH$ eX H$adodmao ewH$, `ya Amoa hg ^{V g~ njrZH$[aH|$h
lr`wZmOr go{dV h|. Va h| gmo lr`wZmOrHo$ lrhV h|. gmo Va O~ Vran|
Amdo h| V~ ng[a Om` h|. Vm {~[a`m Omo dmbwH$m H$m{eV hmo` ho gmo dmbwH$m
Zmht ho {H$Vw lr`wZmOrHo$ lrhV| Omo H$LH$U YmaU {H$ò h| {VZ H$LH$UZ|
lr`_wZm>H$_
144
wVm$b bJo h| gmo H$m{eV XrIo h|. Amoa lr`wZmOrHo$ Omo D$Mo VQ> h| gmo
{ZV~$n h|. {VZ| VaHo$ ~bgy dmbwH$m bJo h|. gmo lrhV {ZV~| bJmò
hm|` Eg| emoô h|. {VZ| dmbwH$m H$meo ho gmo H$LH$UZHo$ wVm$b h|.
^VZHo$ Mma `yW w` h|. {VZ| MVwW `yW| w` lr`wZmOr h|. EgoHw$
ZZHo$ A{V[aV Ord Amoa H$hm H$[a gHo$? Vmgy lrAmMmÒr g~ godH$ZHw$
Amkm H$a| h| Omo Ego lr`wZmOrHw$ Vw g~ ZZ H$amo&&3&&
lr`wZmOr| ^JdmZHo$ gmZ Y h| Ego OVm`doHo${bò XmoCH$mo gmZ
YnZmo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
AZV-Jw U -^y { fVo
{ed-{dapM-Xo d Vw V o
KZmKZ{Zô
gXm
Y w d -nameam^r>Xo & &
{dew -Ww a m-VQ>o
gH$b-Jmo n -Jmo n rd V o
H $ nm-Ob{Y-g { lVo Zgw I ^md`&&4&&
AZV-JwU-^y{fVo=Ag` JwUZgm| ^y{fV
{ed-{dapM-XodVwVo={ed ~m Am{X XodVm OmH$s Vw{V H$ao h| Egr
KZmKZ{Zô=KwS>Vo ^ò ~mXbHo$ Oogr `mb
Ywd-nameam^r>Xo=Ywd, namea OogoZHw$ A^r> $b Xododmar
{dew-Wwam-VQ>o={dew WwamZJar OmHo$ VQ>n| ho Egr
gH$b-Jmon-JmonrdVo=gH$b Jmon VWm JmonrZ gy {Kar ^B
H$nmOb{Y-g{lVo=H$nmgmJa lrH$Ugm| {bdodmar
gXm=gXm
=oao
Z:gwI=ZHw$ gwI hmo` Egmo ^md`=H$amo
^mdmW : AZV JwUZgm| ^y{fV, {ed ~m Am{X XodVmZgm| Vw{V H$ar JB,
gKZ oK ge H$mpVdmat, Ywd namea Am{X F${fZH$m| gH$b ZmoaWHo$
XoZdmar, {dew WwamOr OmHo$ VQ>no ho Egr, gJ Jmon-JmonmZmZgm| emo{^V
lr`_wZm>H$_
145
Ed H$nmgmJa lrH$UHo$ Aml`| ahZdmar ho lr`wZmOr oao ZHw$ gwI hmo`

Vog| H$amo.
{dd{V : ^JdgmZYd kmn{`Vw VWm {deofU: Amh: "AZV' B{V. ^m
gV`Vm{Z {deofUm{Z Vp`m`m g~w{$nm{U. "KZmKZ'eXmo {ZnmV$nmo
KZgwXm` dX{V. `mo. Vmer B{V dm. YwdmXo: VmraEd ^wmH$Q>mV VWm.
{dewm Wwam VQ>o ``m:. gm {ZH$Q>o dm ``. {Zad{YH$nm`wVmo h[a: VpZ.
A`m ZXr bm{H$H$ ObqY gVm ^d{V B` Vw Vme lrdOoe g{lVm. EVoZ
dgVmo ^JdgVmo ^d{V B{V ^md: gy{MV:&&4&&
Q>rH$m : `m| fQ>Y`wV gV YuH$mo {Z$nU ho Eg| OVm`doHo${bò gmV
{deofU h|. Vm| ^JdmZ| {deofU bJmd| V~ gVr {d^pVH$mo AW H$aZmo
Amoa lr`wZmOr| bJmd| V~ g~ {deofUZ| g~moYZH$mo AW H$aZmo. lrR>mHw$aOr
Ag` JwUZH$[aH|$ AbLH$V h|. Ama lr`wZmOr amgmogdm{XH$Z| AZV
$n Y[adodmao ^JdmZHo$ JwUH$[aH|$ AbLH$V h|.1 {ed Amoa ~m ^{V g~ Xod
^JdmZH$s VWm `wZmOrH$s Vw{V H$a| h|.2 X-X dfm`wV `moK Oogr
emo^m`wV XmoD$ h|.3 Ywd Amoa nameaHw$ gXm g~ H$maH$mo dmpN>V $bXmZ
H$[adodmao XmoC h|.4 A`V ew lrWwamOr lr`wZmOrHo$ VQ>n| h|.5 lrR>mHw$aOr
gJ Jmon Amoa lrJmonr OZZH$[aH|$ AmdV h|. Amoa lr`wZmOrHo$ Vran| nhbo
Jmon-JmonrZH$m| lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ g~YH$mo AZw^d ^`mo ho Vmgy gJ Jmon Amoa
lrJmonr OZZH$[aH|$ lr`wZmOrh AmdV h|.6 lrR>mHw$aOr H$nm$n gwHo$ Aml`H$mo
gwXa WmZ h|. BVZ|, H$nm$n gw lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo Aml`H$[aHo$ aho ho Amoa
lr`wZmOr H$nmHo$ gw$n lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo Aml`H$[aH|$ aho h|.7 Ego fQ>Y`wV
ho lr`wZmOr Amn Anma H$UmgmJa lrR>mHw$aOr| {bo hmo gmo Amn| Omo {bo
gmo AmnHo$ ~bgy hr lrR>mHw$aOr| {bo ho. Vmgy Ego fQ>Y`wV Amoa H$nmH$mo
gw Om| aho ho Ego lrR>mHw$aOr| oamo Z ^mdH$[aH|$ AmZXH$mo AZw^d Ho$g|
H$ao gmo Amn {dMmamo. AWdm ^Jdd$nHo$ AZw^dH$mo oao Z| Omo gwI hmo`
VmH$s ^mdZm AmnHo$ Z| H$amo. BVZ|, AmnHo$ Z| ò {dMma hmo`Jmo V~ ò gwI
{boJmo&&4&&
lr`_wZm>H$_
146
{Q>nUr : 1.ò Eod`H$mo {Z$nU ho.

2.ò dr`H$mo {Z$nU ho. 3.ò lrH$mo {Z$nU ho.
4.ò èH$mo {Z$nU ho. 5.ò kmZH$mo {Z$nU ho.
6.ò dam`H$mo {Z$nU ho. 7.ò Y_uH$mo {Z$nU ho.
A~ ^JdXr`ZH$sh ~S>mB H$[adodmao lr`_wZmOr h| {VZH$s ~S>mB H${hdoHw$
H$moZ g_W ho? gmo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
``m
MaU-nOm
_w a [anmo :
{`^mdw H $m
g_mJ_ZVmo @ ^dV
gH$b-{g{Xm
go d Vm_ &&
V`m geVm_ B`mV H$_bOm gnZrd `V -
h[a-{`-H${bX`m _Z{g _o gXm Wr`Vm_ &&5&&
``m=OmHo$, g_mJ_ZV:=g_gm| godVm=godm H$[adodmaoZH$m|
MaUnOm=^JdmZHo$ MaUgm| H$Q> gH$b{g{Xm=gH$b{g{ZH$m|
^`r lrJm,_wa[anmo:=lrH$UHo$ Xo`dodmar,A^dV=^B
{`^mdwH$m={`H$m`ZH$m|H$[adodmar V`m=dmH$s
geVm=g_mZVmHw$
h[a{`H${bX`m=^JdmZHo${`
H$_bOm=H$_bgyCnZ^Bb_r ^VZHo$ XmofZH$m| Z> H$[adodmar
B`mV=H$a gHo$ ho
_o=_oao
`V=`m|Ho$
_Z{g=_Z_|
gnpZ=lr`_wZmH$s gnpZ
gXm=gdXm
Bd=Oogr h|
Wr`Vm_=pWV ah|
lr`_wZm>H$_
147
^mdmW : JmOr lr`_wZmOrHo$ g {_bo h| Vmgy _wa[anw ^JdmZH$m| A`V

{` ^B h| Amoa godZ H$[adodmaoZH $w g_J {g{ Xoddo mar ^B h|. Ego lr`_wZmOrH$s
~am~arHw$ H$moD$ mV hmo` gHo$ ho Vmo lrb_rOr hmo` gHo$ h|. `m|? Omo
lrb_rOr lr`_wZmOrH$s gnZr (gmo{V) hmo` h|. Ego lr`_wZmOr ^VZHo$
Xw:I VWm nmn Hw$ h[adodmar h| {VZH$s _oao _Z_| pW{V hmo`.
{dd{V : AW ^JdXr`mZm_{n CH$fmYm{`H$m `m VXwH$f H$mo dVw eV B{V
^mdoZ Amh: ``m B{V. MaUnOm Jm. VoZ ^pV_mJu`m {ZXm}fnyUJwUm{n
``m d`m gh g_mJ_ZVmo {_bZVmo hao: VWm A^dV, godVm M VWm. nyd
Jm`m A`g{VO{ZV_ CH$f_ Cdm ^Jdg{VO{ZV CH$f: n{R>V:
""gm amOZ XeZmXod ~h`mnhm[a{U'' B`m{X$n:. EVm`m d`m gh
geVm qH$ H$m{n B`mX B{V H$mHy$pV:. `{X B`mV, H$_bOm B`mV. V hoVw_
Amh: `X `_mV gm ^JdnZrdmV gnZr ^d{V. Vm{n ^dVr {`m B{V
Bd B{V. ^VmZwJwUd_ Amh: h[a{`mUm H$qb Xmof {V IS>`{V&&5&&
Q>rH$m : JmOr ^JdmZHo$ MaUH$_bV| H$Q> ^B h| Vmgy ^pV_mJu` Amoa
{ZXm}fJwUnyU h|. gmoh lr`_wZmOr g (`mJ_|) {_bo h| Vmgy _wa[anw, Omo
^VZHo$ {V~Y Xya H$[adodmao h[a ^JdmZ h|, {VZH$mo A`V {` ^B h| Amoa
godZ H$[adodmaoZHw$ g_J {g{ Xododmar ^B h|. Ego lr`_wZmOrH$s ~am~arHw$
H$moD$ mV hmo` ho H$hm? H$Xm{MV mV hmo` Vmo lrb_rOr hm|`. `m|? Omo
lrb_rOrh ^JdmZH$s r h| Vmgy lr`_wZmOrH$s gnZr (gmo{V) hmo` h|. `hm
lrb_rOr lr`_wZmOrH$s gnZr h| Eg| H$mo ho VmH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo
OmH$s Omo gnZr hmo` gmo VmHo$ d^mdgy {d d^mddmar hmo` ho. Vog|
lrb_rOr lr`_wZmOrHo$ d^mdV| {d d^mddmar h| Egmo gyMZ {H$`mo ho.
Vmgy H$ho h| Omo ^VZHo$ Xw:I VWm nmn Hw$ h[adodmao ^JdmZHo$ ^VZHo$ H${bHo$
XmofZH$mo IS>Z H$[adodmao lr`_wZmOr h|. {VZH$s _oao _Z_| pW{V hmo`. BVZ|,
lrb_rOr ^VZH$m| AZwHy$b Zmht h| Amoa lr`_wZmOr ^VZH$m| AZwHy$b
h|&&5&&
Eg| ^VZH$m| AZwHy$b lr`_wZmOr, ^JdmZHw$ A`V {` h|.{VZH$m|
lr`_wZm>H$_
148
Z_Z {gdm` Amoa H$Nw> hmo` gHo$ ZmhtEgo A{^m`gy H$hVh|.

Z_mo @ Vw `_w Z o gXm Vd M[a_ A`X ^ w V
Z OmVw `_`mVZm ^d{V Vo n`:nmZV:&&
`_mo @ {n ^{JZrgw V mZ H$W_w hpV Xw >mZ{n
{`mo ^d{V go d ZmV Vd hao a `Wm Jmo { nH$m:&&6&&
`_wZo!=ho lr`_wZmOr!
gXm=gXm, Z_:=Z_Z
AVw=hmo, Vd=AmnH$mo
M[a=M[a
A`X^wV=A`V AX^wV ho
Vo=AmnHo$
^{JZrgwVmZ=~{hZHo$ nwZHw$,
C=H$hmo
H$W=Ho$g|, hpV=_m[a gHo$ ho
Vd=AmnHo$, godZmV=godZgm|
n`:nmZV:=ObHo$ nmZgm|
OmVw=H$~h
`_`mVZm=`_mamXrOmVr`mVZm
Z=Zmht, ^d{V=hmoV ho
`_:=`_, A{n=h
Xw>mZ=Xw>, A{n=h
`Wm Jmo{nH$m:=JmonrOZHo$ Oog|
hao:=^wHo$, {`:={`
^d{V=hmo` h|
^mdmW : ho lr`_wZmOr! AmnH$m| gXm Z_H$ma hmo. AmnH$mo M[a ~hV

AX^wV ho. AmnHo$ ObH$mo nmZ H$[adogm| H$~h `_g~Yr nrS>m Zmht hmoV ho.
`m|? Omo `_h ~{hZHo$ nw H$Xm{MV Xw> hm|` Vmoh {VZHw$ XS> Ho$g| Xo`?
AmnH$s godm H$[adogm| lrJmonrOZZH$s Vah (Ord h) lrh[aH$m| {` hmo`ho.
Q>rH$m : ^JdmZH$mo _mhm` Vmo g~ emZ_| A{V {g ho Vmgy ^JdmZHw$

Z_Z hmo` gHo$ ho. Amoa lr`_wZmOrH$mo _mhm` Vmo brbmg{>_| doe ^ò nrN>|
Vogmo ^md mV hmo` V~ Om`mo Om` Vm nrN>| Z_Z hmo`. Vmgy Z_Z hmo`doH$s
mWZm H$aV h| Omo ho lr`_wZmOr! AmnHw$ gXm Z_Z hmoC. AmnHo$ n`:nmZgy
H$moD$ {~[a`m `_`mVZm hmo` Zmht `h AmnH$mo M[a A{V AX^wV ho. Oog|
^JdmZ AX^wV H$_dmao h| gmo H$m_, ^`, of ^{V Omo ^JdmZHw$ {_bm`doHo$
gmYZ Zmht h|, {H$Vw Cm_ J{VHo$ {V~YH$ h|, VWm{n lrJmonrOZ H$m_V|,
H$g ^`V| Amoa {eewnmbm{XH$ ofV| ^JdmZHw$ mV ^ò h|. Vhm H$m_m{XH$
AgmYZ h| (VWm{n) {VZHw$ ^JdmZZ| gmYZ$n {H$ò h|. Vog| VfmH$s {Zd{mHo${bò
lr`_wZmOrH$mo n`:nmZ H$ao gmo H$Ny> Cm_J{V {_bdoH$mo AWdm `_`mVZm
{_Q>doH$mo gmYZ ^`mo Zmht VWm{n `_`mVZm {_Q>o ho, ò lr`_wZmOrH$mo AX^wV
M[a ho. lr`_wZmOrHo$ n`:nmZVo `_`mVZm {_Q>o ho Vm_| `wpV H$hV h| Omo `_h
~{hZHo$ nw H$Xm{MV Xw> hm|` Vmoh {VZHw$ XS> Ho$g| Xo`? `m| Omo ~{h{ZH$mo
nw Vmo gdXm _m` (ajm/gH$ma H$[ado `mo`) ho. Amoa `_Ho$ CnZ ^ò nrN>|
dmHo$ XmofH$s {Zd{mHo${bò lr`_wZmOr H$Q> ^ò h| Vmgy `_Hw$ A{V_m` h|.
Amoa "n`g' eXH$mo AW XyY VWm Ob XmoC H$maH$mo hmo` ho. Vmgy lr`_wZmOrH$mo
n`:nmZ H$[adodmao {dZHo$ nw ^ò Amoa `_Ho$ ^mZoO ^ò. {VZHw$ `_ XS> Ho$g|
Xo`?
Eg| Xmof{ZdmaH$ AX^wV M[aH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ \$bgnmXH$ AX^wV
M[aH$mo {Z$nU H$a| h| Omo Oog| lrJmonrOZ h[aHw$ {` ^ò h| Vog| Vwhmao godZV|
Ord h[aHw$ {` hmo` h|. bmoH$_|h A`Ho$ godZgy A` gZ hmo` Egmo Xo`mo
Zmht ho Amoa `hm Vmo lr`_wZmOrHo$ godZgy ^w gZ hmo` h|. Oog| H$m`m`ZrdVHo$
g_| Hw$_m[aH$mZno lr`_wZmOrHo$ godZV| ^w gZ ^ò h|. ò lr`_wZmOrH$mo
AX^wV M[a ho&&6&&
{dd{V : EVm`m d{` Z_Zm{V[aV Z dVw e`_ B{V AmeòZ Amh: Z_mo
AVw B{V. d{` Z_Z_{n Xwb^_ AV: m`Vo AVw B{V. AX^wVd_od AJo
Cnnm{XV_&&6&&
XohH$mo Ad` Y_ `h ho Omo Oogmo H$_ H$ao Vogmo Xygamo Xoh mV hmo`.
Egmo Amd`H$ X{hH$Y__|h Ohm Vwhmamo g~Y ^`mo BVZo nrN>| _wpVV|
A{YH$ ^pVH$s mpV hmo` ho. Vhm `_`mVZmH$mo A^md hmo` Vm_| H$hm e>m
ho `h {Z$nU H$aVh|:
lr`_wZm>H$_
lr`_wZm>H$_
149
150
__m@Vw
Vd
gpZYm
VZw Z dd_o V mdVm
Z
Xw b ^ V_m
a{Va
_w a [anm
_w H w $ X{ò &&
AVmo @ Vw Vd bmbZm gw a Yw Z r na g_mV
Vd d ^w { d H$s{V V m Z Vw H$Xm{n nw { >pWV : &&7&&
_wHw$X{ò!=^JdmZ _wHw$XH$s {`mho lr`_wZo!, Vd=AmnHo$
gpZYm=g_rn, __=_oamo
VZwZdd_=Xoh ZdrZVmHw$ mV
AVw=hmo`
EVmdVm=Egmo hmo`dogy
_wa[anm=lrH$U_|, a{V:=^pV
Xwb^V_m=Xwb^V_
Z=Zmht ahV ho
AV:=Vmgm|, Vd=AmnH$s
bmbZm=Vw{V
AVw=hmoC
gwaYwZr=XodVmZH$s ZXr Jm
Vd=Vwhmao Ed=hr
g_mV=g_gm|
^w{d=^yVbHo$ D$na
na=A{YH$
H$s{VVm={g ^B h|
nw{>pWV:=nw{>_mJpWV ^Vmam
Vw=Vmo H$Xm{n=H$~h
Z=Zmht
(H$s{VVm=H$s{VV ^B ho)
^mdmW : ho h[a{` `_wZmOr! AmnH$s gpZ{Y_| _oamo eara {X`-ZdrZ hmo`

Om`, AWmV brbm_| doe H$ado bm`H$ Abm{H$H$ hmo` Om`. BVZogm|hr
_waXmZdHo$ _maZdmao lrH$U_| r{V hmoZr A{VXwb^ Zmht ho, VmH$maUgm|
AmnHo$ (Vw{V$n) bmS>-Mmd hmo`. lrJmOrH$s AmnHo$ hr g_mJ_gm| ^yVb_|
Vw{V H$ar JB ho, {H$Vw nw{>pWV OrdZZo `m {df`_| AmnHo$ {gdm` CZH$s
Vw{V Zmht H$sZr ho, `m|? Omo CZgm| _wpV Vmo {_bo ho naVw brbmon`moJr Xoh
Zmht {_bo ho.
V H$m e>m `_`mVZm^mdo B{V Amh __m@Vw B{V. Vd gpZYm VZmo

Zdd brbmon`mo{J-ZyVZ-Xoh-gn{m AVw. EVoZ nydXoh{Zd{m: gy{MVm.
BX_{n dH$V_od ^d{V ZVw A`Wm B{V kmnZm` mWZ_ AVw B{V. EVmdVm
eara-n[adV-_moUd _wa[anm a{V: Xwb^V_m Z ^d{V B{V AW {H$Vw
VZwZddoZ gwb^d. H$Xm{MV {V~YHo$ {d_mZo@{n `Wm ObXmof$n_wa`
{ZdmaH$ VWm dg~YmV gdXmof{ZdmaH$d "_wa[anw'nXoZ CV_. AV:
H$maUmX `mdX AmYw{ZH$eara{Zd{m VmdV Vd bmbZm Vw{V$nm AVw.
gm{n dH$n`d Z A`Wm B{V m`Vo AVw B{V. Jm`m A{n \$bgmYH$d
dg~YmXod B`V Amh: gwaYwZr Vd gm_mV. na_ A`W ^w{d H$s{VVm
VwVm B{V AW, Z Vw H$Xm{n d{hVm{n B{V AW. ZZw d{MV nwamUmXm
Ho$dbm`m A{n Vw{V `Vo B{V VwVm {deof_ Amh: nw{>pWV B{V.
_`mXm_mJu`: Ho$dbm{n Vy`Vo dd$nmkmZmV. nw{>_mJu`mVw dd$n
OmZVr{V dg~YmXod VwdpV B{V Amh: nw{>pWV B{V&&7&&
Q>rH$m : _moHw$ Vwhmao gpZYmZ_| brbmon`moJr ZdrZ Xohgn{m hmo`. bm{H$H$
Xoh {_{Q>H|$ Abm{H$H$ Xoh ^ògy _wa[anw (^JdmZ)_| r{V A`V Xwb^ Zmht
aho ho. H$Xm{MV {V~YH$ hm|BJo Vmoh Vwhmao g~YV| ^JdmZ AmnV|hr Xya
H$[a X|BJo A Ka_| {h _mojgwI mV hmo` Vog| MVw{dY nwfmWHo$ gwIH$mo
AZw^d hmo`Jmo `h OVm`doHo$ {bò "_wa[anw' nX VWm "_wHw$X{ò' Egmo g~moYZ
{Xò ho. Amoa Vwhmao gpZYmZ_| Abm{H$H$ XohH$s mpV hmo`doH$mo H$mo ho. Vmgy
Ohm Xw>ZHo$ gpZYmZV| lr`_wZmOrH$mo {Vamo^md ho Vhm Abm{H$H$ XohH$s mpV
Zmht hmo` Egmo gy{MV {H$ò h|. Vwhmao gpZYmZ_| hr Ohm Abm{H$H$ XohH$s
mpV hmo` Vhm `_`mVZmH$mo A^md hmo`do_| e>m H$hm ho? Eg| OVm`mo ho.
Vmgy O~ VmB AmYw{ZH$ earaH$s {Zd{m hmo` V~ VmB, Oog| _mVm ~mbH$Hw$ bmS>
H$aVr {~[a`m ~mbH$H$s egm (Vw{V) H$ao ho gmo JwUdUZ Zmht ho Vog| Vwhmar
`h Vw{Vh bmbZ$nhmo`.
{dd{V : Amd`H$-X{hH$Y_}@{n dg~Yo _w`{YH$-^pVmpV `,
{OZH$s ~hmoV ~S>mB ho Egr JmOrH$mo H$sVZ Omo {Z:gmYZ AZwJh_mJdmao

ndrna H$ao h| gmo Vwhmao {h g_V| H$a| h|. `m|? Omo JrVmOr_| {d^y{VHo$
A`m`_| JmOr ^JdmZH$s {d^y{V h| Eg| {b`mo ho. VmH$mo kmZ Z hmo` AWdm
lr`_wZm>H$_
lr`_wZm>H$_
151
152
Omo {d^y{VHo$ CnmgH$ hm|` gmo Vmo H$Xm{MV {d^y{V$n JmOrH$s Vw{V H$a|
naVw nw{>_mJu` ^V Vmo nyUnyfmom_Ho$ CnmgH$ h| gmo {d^y{V$n Ho$db
JmOrH$s Vw{V H$a|hr Zmht. Vwhmao (lr`_wZmOrHo$) g_V| hr JmOrH$s
Vw{V H$a| h|&&7&&
_mojn`VH$mo gwI {_bo ho, naVw AmnH$s Vmo H$Wm BVZr A{YH$ ho Ho$ gH$b
lrJmonrOZHo$ g_gm| _ag~Yr Omo l_ hmo` ho VmH$[aHo$ Omo doXObHo$
{~Xw gH$b eara_|V| CnZ hm|` h| {VZH$mo g Amngm| ho. gmo VmH$mo g~Y
Amn ^VZHw$ H$amAmo hmo.
g~ZHw$ dXZ H$[ado `mo` JmOrH$s Vw{Vh O~ Vwhmao g~YV| hmo`

ho Vhm Vwhmar Vw{V H$[adoHw$ H$moZ g_W ho? Ego A{^m`gy H$hV h|:
{dd{m : ` dg~YmV gdd-JmVw{V V dVwVm H$mo dm g_W:

B{V Amh: VwqV Vd B{V. Ae`Vw{Vdo hoVw_ Amh: H$_bOmgnpZ B{V.
gd Vw`d ^Jdg~YmV. g gd b`noj`m `yZEd. d Vw V`mA{n
gnZr Vg_mZ-gm^m`dVr. ZZw b_r-Vw{VVw bmoHo$ `Vo. V{h Vgm`
MoV H$W Vw{V Ae`m B{V Amh: {ò B{V. gm`_mo H$Vw e`VEd. A
Vw VVmo@{n A{YH$ {`d_ AVr{V Vw{VH$aU_ Ae`_. ZZw H$W km`Vo
b`noj`m Am{Y`_ ApV B{V. V hoVw_ Amh hao: `X AZwgod`m B{V.
hao: AZwnMmX
``m: god`m _moj _`mXrH$` gwI ^d{V, _mojmpV ^d{V B{V AW.
ZVw VVmo@{n A{YH$ ÔZmZXm` gwI ^d{V. VX{n ^Jdg{hV-VXÔZoZ
ZVw Ho$dbm`m:, Ho$dbm`m: _moj-{dKmVH$dmV. "AZw'eXmV _w`V`m
^JdXÔZ VXZwJwUdoZ b`m:. H$m{bwH$f_ Amh B` Vd H$Wm B{V.
B`_ AJV: C`_mZm Vd H$Wm A{n gd_w`noj`m A{YH$m. AVEd
EVH$Wma{gH$mZm Z _mojoN>mJYmo@{n. VXod CV nM_H$Yo ""AW h dm
d Vd _{h_m_ V g_w {dw f m gH $ brT> ` m {d_m[aV-> - lw V gwIboem^mgm: na_^mJdVm EH$mpVZ:'' (^mJ.nwam.6&9&39) B{V. gm
H$m B{V AmH$mjm`m_ Amh: gH$bJmo{nH$m B{V. gH$b-Jmo{nH$m-g_oZ
_ag~Yr `: l_, VoZ O{ZVm ò doX-ObmUd: gH$b-JmOm, V
g_mo ``m:. EVo ObmUdmo Z
Vw q V Vd H$amo { V H$: H$_bOm-gnpZ! {ò !

hao a `X AZw g o d `m ^d{V gm `_m_mo j V:&
B` Vd H$Wm@{YH$m gH$b-Jmo { nH$m-g__a-l_-ObmUw { ^: gH$bJmO : g_:&&8&&
H$_bOmgnpZ!=ho b_rHo$ g_mZ
gm^mèm{bZr lr`_wZo!
{ò!=ho H$U{`m lr`_wZo!
Vd=AmnH$s, VwqV=Vw{V
H$:=H$moZ
H$amo{V=H$[a gHo$ ho
`V=`m|Ho$, hao:=lrH$UH$s
AZw=nrN>|, god`m=godmgm|
Am_mojV:=_moj n`V
gm`=gwI, ^d{V=hmoV ho
Vd=AmnH$s, B`=ò
H$Wm=H$Wm, A{YH$m=lo>
(`V:=`m|Ho$)
gH$b-Jmo{nH$m-g_-_a-l_ObmUw{^:=gH$b Jmo{nH$mZHo$
g_gm| ^ò _al_gm| O`
doX$n Ob{~Xwgm|
gH$bJmO:=^JdmZHo$ g_V
Ad`dZgm|, g_:=AmnH$mo
g~Y, ^d{V=hmoV ho
^mdmW : b_rH$s gnpZ Ama h[aH$m| {` ho lr`_wZmOr! AmnH$s Vw{V H$moZ

H$[ado g_W ho? `m|? Omo lrh[aHo$ nrN>o b_rH$sh godm H$ao Vmo VmH$m|
lr`_wZm>H$_
153
l_doX$nm: {H$Vw {d{dY-g_-ag` gdmd`dnyU` A`wN>bZoZ

~{h AmJV`d {~Xdmo, ZVw Ho$db-Ob_m`. AVEd CV gH$bJmO
B{V. E{^ {deofU: na_H$m>mnZ- nw{>_mJmVa-^Vd, gdXm EVgnyU d_,
AVa-^VmZwJwUd_, EVbrbm-_`nm{Vdm{XH$ gy{MV_. d`
EVgnyUdoZ Ho$dbVXÔZH$Vwa{n EVg XXmVr{V n>_od dbj`_&&8&&
lr`_wZm>H$_
154
Q>rH$m : b_rOrHo$ gnpZ (gmo{V) h[aH$m| {` Ego ho lr`_wZmOr! AmnH$s

Vw{V H$moZ H$a gHo$? H$moD$ H$a gHo$ Zmht. `m|? Omo Amn b_rOrHo$ g_mZ
gm^m`dmao hmo VWm{n h[aH$m| {deof {` hmo. Amoa _w`Vmgy h[aH$mo godZ H$[aHo$
VmH$s AZwHy$bVmgy O~ JmU^mdgy b_rOrH$mo godZ H$ao V~ _mojn`V gwI
{_bo ho, Ho$db ({d^y{V$n) b_rOr Vmo YZm{X gn{mmam {df`mgpV
H$am`H|$ _mojH$mo {dKmV H$a| h|. Ama Vwhmar Vmo `h H$Wm A{YH$ ho Omo Amn
_moj gwIH$mo AZw^d H$amAmo hmo Amoa g_J lrJmonrOZHo$ g_H$[aH|$ _ag~Yr
l_ hmo` ho VmH$[aHo$ Omo doXObHo$ {~Xw gH$b eara_|V| CnZ hm|` h| {VZH$mo
g {OZH$m| ho VmH$mo g~Y ^VZHw$ H$amAmo hmo. Egr Vwhmar (lr`_wZmOrH$s)
H$Wm A{YH$ ho. Vmgy b_rOrH$s Vw{V hmo` naVw AmnH$s Vw{V Vmo H$moZ H$a
gHo$!&&8&&
Ego lr`_wZmOrH$s Vw{V H$[aHo$ `m VmoH$mo nmR> H$[adoH$mo \$b H$hV h|:
Vdm>H$_ BX _w X m nR>{V gy a gy V o gXm
g_V-Xw [ aV-j`mo ^d{V d _w H w $ Xo a{V:&&
V`m
gH$b-{g`mo
_w a [anw M
gVw `{V
d^md-{dO`mo ^do X dX{V db^: lrhao : &&9&&
&&B{V lr_b^mMm`{da{MV `_wZm>H$ gnyU_&&
gyagyVo!=ho gy`nwr `_wZo! a{V:=^pV, ^d{V=hmo` ho
Vd=AmnH$s BX_=ò VWm=A
A>H$=Vw{V$n A>H$H$mo gH$b{g`:=gH$b {g{E
(`:)=Omo gXm=gXm (^dpV=mV hmo` h|)
_wXm=gZ{Mm hmo`Ho$ M=Amoa, _wa[anw:=lrH$U
nR>{V=nmR> H$ao ho gVw`{V=gZ hmo` h|
lr`_wZm>H$_
155
(V`=dmHo$) d^md{dO`:=d^mdno {dO`

g_VXw[aVj`mo=gJaonmnZH$moZme ^doV=hmo` ho (B{V=Eg|)
^d{V=hmo` Om` ho, d=A lrhao:=lrh[aH$mo
_wHw$Xo=_mojXmVm ^JdmZ_| db^:={`, dX{V=H$ho ho
^mdmW : ho gy`nwr lr`_wZmOr! Vwhmao `m A>H$H$mo AmZXH$[aHo$ Omo gXm
nmR> H$ao ho VmHo$ g_V Xy[aVH$mo j` hmo` ho A _moj Xododmao ^JdmZ_| {ZM`
r{V hmo` ho. VmH$[aHo$ n{hbo ~VmB ho gmo g~ {g{ mV hmo` ho, {V~Y
{Zdm H$[adodmao ^w gZ hmo` h|, AV:H$aUH$mo dmgZm g{hV d^md {\$a
Om` ho A ^JdmZH$mo d^md, ho Omo dO^VZH$m| XodoH$mo AmZX AmoaHw$ Zmht
Xo` h|, gmo d^mdh {\$a Om` ho. Eg| ^yZH$m| {` lrAmMmÒr _hm^wOr
H$hV h|.
{dd{m : Ed H$m{bXt Vwdm EVVmonmR>\$b_ Amh Vdm>H$_ B{V.
`{n A`H$Vm`{n Vmom{U gpV VWm{n d`_mU \$b_ EVVmonmR>oZd
^d{V Z A`Wm B{V kmnZm` BX_ B{V CV_. A`H$VVmoofw Ed{dYd$n-{Z$nUm^mdmV BX Vdm>H$ `: nR>{V V` nyd g_VXw[aVj`mo
^d{V. VXZVa _mojXmV`{n Zohmo ^d{V. AVEd CV ""ZamUm jrUnmnmZm
H$Uo ^pV: Om`Vo'' B{V. _wHw$XnXmX `{n _moj_od gmYmaòZ gd}`mo
XXm{V VWm{n dVw{VnmR>mV gZmo ^pV_od XXm{V Z Vw _moj_{n B{V
^Jdd^md-namdmH$d_ CV_. VV: {H$_ B{V V Amh V`m gH$b{g`:
nydm}Vm: gdm_^mdmX`mo ^dpV B{V eof:. ZZw {V~YHo$ {d_mZo g{V
H$W_ EVVmo_mmX EVmdX ^d{V B{V MoV V Amh _wa[anwM gVw`{V
B{V. `Wm Xmof$n VpZ-H$`m-gwImpV-{V~YH$ {ZamH$` Vm
ArH$VdmZ Ed_ EVnmR>oZm@{n {V~Y {Zdm` V_{n ArH$amo{V B`{n
kmnZm` _wa[anwnX_. \$bmVa_ Amh: d^md{dO`mo ^doX B{V. d^md`
{dO`: namd{m ^d{V. gdmgZm B{V "{d'CngJmW . Xw>d^mdmo{n Cm_d^mdmo
^d{V B{V AW. ZZw BX_ AZoH$-Vn:-gm` H$W_ EVnmR>_mmX B{V MoV
V Amh dX{V db^: B{V. VoZ AmVdm`doZ m_m`_ CV_. ZZw BV:
nyd Ho$Zm{n AZwVdmX ^dXwpV_moU H$W m_m`_ B{V MoV V Amh
lr`_wZm>H$_
156
lrhao B{V. gmjmN>rnwfmom_-g~Yr `V: Ah_ AVmo dXm{_ B{V AW:.

A A`_ Ame`:. gmjmd$ng~pYZm d$n gmjmV-Vg~pYZEd
OmZpV ZVw Aò. lrH$m{bm: gmjmV-Vg~pYd nyd H$Q>_do Cnnm{XV_.
dm{V[aVmZm gmjmN>rJmoHw$boe-g~Ym^mdmV gmjmV Vg~pY`m:
d$nmkmZmV VXH$WZ_. d`Vw gmjmV-VaedmV Vd$nkmZmV
VH$WZ{_{V Z AZwnn{m: H$m{MV&&9&&
&& B{V lr{d>boda{da{MVm (Jmodm{_lrJmoHw$bZmWny[aVm)
lr`_wZm>H${dd{V: gnyUm &&
Q>rH$m : BVZ| `m VmoH$mo nmR> H$[adodmaoHw$ ò (lr`_wZmOr) AmZXH$mo XmZ
H$aV h|, Eg| ^VZHo$ Xw:I VWm nmnHw$ h[adodmao ^wH$m| {` lrAmMmÒr
_hm^wOr H$hV h|.
`{n lr`_wZmOrHo$ A` Vmo h| VWm{n `m VmoHo$ nmR>gy hr g~ \$b
{_bo ho A` VmoHo$ nmR>gy Zmht {_bo ho. `m|? Omo A` Vmo_| Egmo
d$n{Z$nU Zmht ho. Vog| AmZXH$[aH|$ gXm nmR> H$ao V~ \$b {_bo, `m|?
Omo AWH$mo kmZ hmo` V~ AmZX mV hmo`. Amoa gXm nmR> H$ao V~ Amgwamdoe
Z hmo`. Vog| lr`_wZmOrHo$ Vmogy hr `h \$b {_bo ho AmoaHo$ Vmogy Zmht {_bo
ho. `m|? Omo ^JdmZZo A>{dY Eod` lr`_wZmOrH$m| {Xò h|. Vmgy lr`_wZmOrHo$
`m A>H$H$mo AWmZwgYmZ nydH$ AmZXgy gXm nmR> H$ao Vmo g~ \$b mV
hmo`&&9&&
B{V lrdb^mMm` {da{MV lr`_wZm>H$H$s
Jmodm_r lrZqghbmbOr _hmamOH$V
dO^mfmQ>rH$m gnyU ^B&&
lr`_wZm>H$_
157
&& ~mb~moY: &&

(7)
Xygao V| Y, AW, H$m Amoa moj ò Mmam| nwfmW hr $b$n h| Ego
H$ho h|. Vmgy OrdZH$s d{m nwfmW {g H$[ado| hmo` ho. naVw, ^pV| Omo
~S>mB ho gmo Ord Zmht OmZo ho gmo OVm`doHo${bò nwfmWHo$ d$n{Z$nUnydH$
AnZmo {gmV$n bmMaU H$hV h|:
Zdm h[a gXmZX gd - {gmV-gL > J h &
~mb-~mo Y ZmWm ` dXm{ gw { d{ZpMV & &1&&
gXmZX=gpMXmZX
h[a=lrH$UHw$
Zdm=Um H$[aHo$
~mb-~moYZmWm`=~mbH$ZHw$ AmN>r
^m{Vgm| AW~moY hmo` dmHo${bò
gw{d{ZpMV=Am{N> ^m{Vgm|
{ZpMV H$`m} ^`mo
gd{gmVgL>Jh=g^r
{gmVZHo$ gL>JhH$m|
(Ah=|)dXm{=H$h h
^mdmW : ^VZHo$ Xw:I VWm nmn Hw$ h[adodmao gXmZX (lrH$U) ^JdmZHw$
ZZ H$[aHo$, ~mbH$ZHw$ AmN>r ^m{Vgy ~moY hmo`doHo${bò, g~ mUZgy {ZpMV
{H$`mo ^`mo gd{gmVH$mo gL>Jh H$h h.
Q>rH$m : ^JdmZ "h[a' h| Vmgy Xw:IZH$s {Zd{m H$ao h|; Amoa gXmZX h| Vmgy
gwIH$s mpV H$amdo h|. {VZHw$ lrAmMmÒr ZZ H$[aHo$ `h OVm`mo Omo
OrdZHw$ Xw:IH$s {Zd{m VWm gwIH$s mpVH$s BN>m hmo` Vmo XrZVmnydH$
^JdmZH$m| ZZ H$aZmo. gmo (ZZ) H$[aHo$ gd{gmVH$mo gL>Jh H$hJmo Ego
H$mo ho. BVZo (AWmV) nwfmWH$mo {VnmXZ H$[adodmao Omo em h| {VZH$mo Om|
{gmV ho Egmo JW H$h h.
ò JW ~mbH$ZHw$ ~moY H$[adoHo${bò ho. BVZo AnZmo {hV H$hm VWm A{hV
~mb~moY:
158
H$hm dmo Zmht OmZo h|; Amoa ^md ew ho Vmgy X`mHo$ nm h| gmo "~mbH$' H$ho
Om` h|. {VZH$m| Xygao $b-gmYZ{df`H$ Cnm` JhU H$[adoH$mo ^ {Q>m`Ho$
Oogmo A{YH$ma Vm mU ^pV| AWdm eaUmJ{V| doe hmo`doH$mo gm`
hmo` Egmo ~moY CnZ H$[adoHo${bò `h JW ho&&1&&
`m H$ma Amoa(A`) $bH$mo g~Y ~Vm`Ho$ n{hbogy nwfmWZHo$ {df`|
gXoh {Q>m`doHo${bò gjongy {VZH$mo {ZM` H$hV h|:
Ym W - H$m-mo j m`me Mdmamo @ Wm Zr{fUm &
Ordo da-{dMmao U {Ym Vo {h {dMm[aVm:&&2&&
Zr{fUm=~w{mZZHo$
YmWH$mmojm`m:=Y, AW,
H$m Amoa moj ZmHo$
Mdma:=Mma
AWm:=nwfmW]
(gpV=h|)Vo=do
Ordoda-{dMmaoU=Ord AmoaBda Ho$ mam {dMm[aV hmo`dogy
{Ym=Xmo VahHo$, {h={ZpMV hr
{dMm[aVm:={dMmao Jò h|
^mdmW : Y, AW, H$m Amoa moj Ego ZmHo$ Mm`m] AW ~w{mZZHo$ h|.
(BVZo gmYmaUZHw$ mV hm|` Ego Zmht h|) gmo dohr AW Ord{dMm[aV Amoa
Bda{dMm[aV Ego Xmo` H$maHo$ h|.
Q>rH$m : {VZ| doXm{XH$Z| #B1#AH$[adoH$s AWdm #B2#AZht H$[adoH$s Amkm
ho gmo "Y' H$mo Om` ho.
mbm MXZ r nw Xoh mU AmâU Jh YZ ^{V g~ "AW' H$ho Om`.
eX ne $n ag JY ^{V {df`Z| Bp`ZH$s AZwHy$bVmgy d{m
hmo` gmo "H$m' H$mo Om` ho. Amoa
AhVm-VmH$ ggmaH$s {Zd{m hmo`Ho$ AnZo d$n| Omo pW{V gmo
"moj' H$mo Om` ho.
~mb~moY:
159
ò Mm`m] Zm__mgy hr "AW' H$ho Om` h|. dVwVmgy Vmo ^pV hr _w`
nwfmW ho. Vmgy hr _yb_| ""nwfmW h|'' Eg| Zmht H${hHo$ ""AW h|'' Ego H$mo
ho. Amoa BZ nwfmWZH$mo OrdZZo {dMma {H$`mo ho VWm BdaZoh {dMma {H$`mo ho,
Eg| Xmo` H$magy ò {dMm[aV h|&&2&&
{Q>nUr:
1 ""dJH$s H$m_Zmdmamo `mo{V>mo_`kgy ÒZ H$ao'' B`m{XH$ H$[adoH$s Amkm ho.
2.""~mU _m[ado`mo` Zmht ho'' B`m{XH$ Zmht H$[adoH$s Amkm ho.
Eg| nwfmWZHo$ Xmo` H$maH$mo {VnmXZ H$[aHo$ Bda{dMm[aV nwfmWZH$mo

d$n H$hV h|:
Abm { H$H$mVw do X mo Vm: gm`-gmYZ-g ` w V m:&
bm { H$H$m F${f{^: mo Vmg VW d o da{ej`m&&3&&
gm`gmYZg`wVm:=gm` Amoa gmYZdmao
Vw=Vmo, doXmoVm:=doX_| H$ho h|
bm{H$H$m:=bm{H$H$ nwfmW]
VWm Ed=dogo hr
Abm{H$H$m:=Abm{H$H$ nwfmW]
Bda{ej`m=BdaH$s Amkmgy
F${f{^:=F${fZHo$ mam
moVm:=H$ho Jò h|
^mdmW : gm` Amoa gmYZ H$[aHo$ `wV Abm{H$H$ nwfmW Vmo doX_| H$ho h|
gmo Bda{dMm[aV nwfmW h|. Amoa Vog|hr {Z$nU H$[adoH$s BdaH$s Amkm ho
Vmgy F${fZmam {Z${nV nwfmW bm{H$H$nwfmW (Ord{dMm[aV) h|.
~mb~moY:
160
Q>rH$m : gm` Amoa gmYZ H$[aHo$ `wV Abm{H$H$ nwfmW Vmo doX_| H$ho h|. Oog|
A_wH$ gmYZ H$[aHo$ A_wH$ `km{XH$ Y_ {g hmoV ho, A_wH$ gmYZ H$[aHo$
A_wH$ AW {g hmoV ho, A_wH$ gmYZ H$[aHo$ A_wH$ H$m_ {g hmoV ho Amoa
A_wH$ gmYZ H$[aHo$ _moj {g hmoV ho -Ego doX_| {Z$nU {H$`mo ho. Amoa doX
BdamoV ho Vmgy doX_| H$ho h| gmo nwfmW Bda{dMm[aV nwfmW h| Amoa F${fZZo
H$ho h| gmo bm{H$H$nwfmW (Ord{dMm[aV) h|. `{n g~ F${f doXHw$ Om{Zdodmao
h| VWm{n Vog|hr {Z$nU H$[adoH$s BdaH$s Amkm ho Vmgy {^Z {Z$nU {H$`mo
ho&&3&&
F${f{dMm[aV bm{H$H$ nwfmWZH$mo {Z$nU H$[adodmao emZH$s n[aJUZm:
bm{H$H$mVw d`m{_ doXmX Amm `V: pWVm:&
bm{H$H$mZ=bm{H$H$ nwfmWZH$m|
Vw=Vmo (Ah=_)
d`m{_=H$hV hm|
(doX_m{l`=doXH$mo Aml`boHo$)
`V:=H$maUHo$
Amm:=n{hbo
doXmV=doXgm|
pWVm:=pWV, (gpV=h|)
^mdmW : Abm{H$H$ nwfmW Vmo doXgy pWV h|. {VZH$mo {dMma H$[adoH$s
Amd`H$Vm Zmht ho. Vmgy bm{H$H$ nwfmWHw$ Vmo H$hJmo.
Q>rH$m : Abm{H$H$ nwfmW Vmo doXgy pWV h|. {VZH$mo {dMma H$[adoH$s Amd`H$Vm
Zmht ho. `m| Omo {OZHw$ Abm{H$H$ nwfmW {g H$[adoH$s BN>m hmo` do doX_|
{bIo _mU H$a|. naVw do nwfmW {g hmo` gH|$ Ego Zmht h| ò OVm`doHo${bò
""pWV h|'' Eg| H$mo ho. BVZo M{bV Zmht ho. Vmgy bm{H$H$ nwfmWHw$ Vmo
H$hJmo.
Y_ e mm{U Zr{VM H$m_emm{U M H $ _mV &&4&&
{dJ - gmYH$mZr{V
Z
VpZU `
C`Vo &&
~mb~moY:
161
Y_emm{U=Y_em|
M=Amoa
Zr{V:=Zr{Vem| M=Amoa
H$m_emm{U=H$m_em|
H$_mV=H$_gm|
{dJgmYH$m{Z = {dJHo$ gmYH$ h|

B{V (hoVmo:)=`m H$maUgy
VpZU`:={dZH$mo {ZU`
(A_m{^:=h_mao mam)
Z=Zmht C`Vo=H$mo ho
^mdmW : _Zw_{V Am{X Y_{Z$nU H$[adodmao em, H$m_XH$s` Am{X

Zr{Vem (AWem) VWm dm`m`Z Am{X H$m_em H$_gm| Y_, AW Amoa
H$m_ BZ {dJHo$ gmYH$ h|. Vmgm| {dZH$mo {ZU` h_ Zmht H$ao h|&&4&&
Q>rH$m : {VZ_| Y_em Y_Hw$ {g H$[adodmao h|, Zr{Vem AWHw$ {g
H$[admao h| Amoa H$m_em H$m_Hw$ {g H$[admao h|. Y_, AW Amoa H$m_ ò
Vr`m| "{dJ' H$ho Om` h|. gmo ew^mddmao AZ`^VZH$m| Vmo ^whr {g
H$[a XoV h|. Amoa `{X gmYmaU ^VZH$m|h ^w {dJ {g H$a| Vmo BVZohr_|
AQ>H$ Om`. Vmgy {VZ({dJ)_| (gmYmaU ^VZHo$) l_(`Z)H$mo ^w
Zme H$ao h|. Vmgy {VZH$mo {ZU` (`hm) Zmht H$mo ho&&4&&
Eg| {dJH$s `dWmH$mo gyMZ H$[aHo$ _moj$n \$b EH$ ho qH$dm AZoH$
ho? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BN>m hmo` Vhm H$hVh|:
_mo j o Mdm[a emm{U bm { H$Ho $ naV: dV:&&5&&
{Ym o - o dVg V gm `-`mo J m H$s{V V m &
`mJm`mJ-{d^mJo Z gm ò `mJ: H$s{V V :&&6&&
dV:=Amnhr/d`hr
naV:=A` mam
{Ym=Xmo H$maHo$
`mJm`mJ-{d^mJoZ=
`mJ Amoa A`mJ Ho$ ôXgm|
gm`-`moJm=gm Amoa `moJ
~mb~moY:
162
bm{H$Ho$=bm{H$H$
_mojo=_moj_|, o-o=Xmo-Xmo
(H$dm B{V `mdV=Ego H$[aHo$)
Mdm[a=Mma, emm{U=em|
(gpV=h|) V=CZ_|
dV:=IwX/Amn H$[aHo$
H$s{VVm=H$ho Jò h|
gmò=gm_|, `mJ:=`mJ
H$s{VV:=AmN>r ^m{Vgm| H$mo
(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : bm{H$H$ _moj_| Xmo` em (_mJ/Cnm`/gmYZ) naV: _moj {g

H$[adodmao h| Amoa Xmo` em dV: _moj {g H$[adodmao h|. Eg| H$[aHo$ _mV_moj
{df`H$ Mma em h|. {dZ_|gy dV: (OrdHo$ dmYrZ) _moj_| `mJ Amoa
A`mJ Ho$ ôXgy gm` Amoa `moJ em H$ho h|.
Q>rH$m : Om_| em_| H$hr ar{V_mU gmYZ H$[adoV| Ord H$VmW hmo` gmo dV:
_mojgmYH$ em h|. Amoa Om em_| H$hr ar{V_mU gmYZ H$[adoV| H$moCHo$
gmXgy (H$nmgy) Ord H$VmW hmo` gmo naV: _mojgmYH$ em h|. Vm_| dV:
(OrdHo$ dmYrZ) _moj_| `mJ Amoa A`mJ Ho$ ôXgy gm` Amoa `moJ em
H$ho h|. BVZo `mJ H$[adogy _moj {g hmo` Egmo {VnmXZ H$[adodmamo EH$ em
ho. Amoa `mJ {H$ò {~Zm _moj {g hmo` Egmo {VnmXZ H$[adodmamo EH$ (Xygamo)
em ho. Vm_| gm`mem_| `mJ H$mo ho. BVZo {Z`m{Z`dVwH$mo {ddoH$ hmo`
V~ dam` ^ògy `mJ H$ao V~ _moj hmo`. Ego `mJ H$[aHo$ _moj OrdHo$
dmYrZ ho Egmo ~Vm`dodmamo gmèm ho&&5-6&&
Xohm{XH$ gmV {d_mZ ho V~ `mJ_mV| Ho$g| _wpV hmo`? Egr e>m
H$[aHo$ _wpVH$mo H$ma H$hV h|:
AhVm-__Vm-Zmeo
gd W m
{ZahL > H $ Vm &
d$nWmo `Xm Ord: H $ VmW : g {ZJVo &&7&&
AhVm-__VmZmeo (g{V)=
`Xm=O~, Ord:=Ord
~mb~moY:
163
AhVm-__VmH$mo Zme ^ò

gdWm=g~ H$magy
{ZahL>H$Vm (g{V)=AhL>H$ma
a{hV ^ò (Ordo B{V eof:)
d$nW:=d$n_| pWV
(^d{V VXm=hmodo ho V~)
g:=dmo, H$VmW:=H$VmW
{ZJVo=H$mo Om` ho
^mdmW : AhVm-__VmH$mo Zme ^òV| gdWm Ah>maey` hmo`dono O~ Ord

AnZo d$n_| aho V~ gmo Ord "H$VmW' H$mo Om` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, Wybeara VWm {beara H$s AhVm Amoa BZHo$ n[aH$a Omo
Jhm{XH$ VWm mU, Bp` ^{V h| {VZ_| __VmH$mo `mJ hmo` V~ ~w{Vd_|
Omo {V{~~ amo ho Vm_| A{^_mZ {_Q> Om`. V~ H$mmnZmo VWm ^moVmnZmoh
{_{Q> Om`. V~ Ord AnZo d$n_|hr H$me_mZ hmo`. gmo Ord _wV ^`mo Eg|
gm`mMm`ZZo H$mo ho&&7&&
Jmm_m{XH$ZHo$ _V_| Oogo doX{d Ae h| Vogo gm`_|h doX{d Ae
h|. V~ gm`_| Omo _mojH$mo {VnmXZ {H$`mo ho Vm_| {e>ZH$mo AmXa Ho$go ho?
Amoa Jmm_m{XH$ZZ| Omo _mojH$mo {VnmXZ {H$`mo ho Vm_| {e>ZH$mo AZmXa `m|
ho? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BN>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
VXW {H $ `m H$m{MV nw a mUo @ {n {Z${nVm&
F${f{â ~h Y m mo Vm \$b_ EH$_ A~mV:&&8&&
VXW=dmHo${bò
F${f{^:=F${fZZo
~hYm=~hmoV Vaohgy
moVm=H$mo ho
H$m{MV=H$moD$, {H$`m={H$`m
nwamUo=nwamUZ_|, A{n=^r
{Z${nVm={Z${nV ho
A~mV:=emgy A{d H$magy
EH$=EH$, \$b_=\$b
(^d{V=hmo` ho)
~mb~moY:
164
^mdmW : A`Wm-$nH$mo `mJ H$[aHo$ AnZo d$ngm| Omo pW{V ho gmo _wpV
ho. Ego _mojHo${bò H$moC {H$`mH$mo nwamU_|h {Z$nU ^`mo ho. AZrda gm`Hw$
N>m{S>Ho$ g~H$mo \$b EH$ hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : nwamU doXHo$ AWH$s d{ H$[aHo$ n> {ZU` H$[adodmamo ho. VmHo$
AZwHy$b gm`H$mo _moj ho Vmgy Vm_| {e>ZH$mo AmXa ho. Amoa Jmm_m{XH$ZZo
_mojH$mo Oogmo {VnmXZ {H$`mo ho gmo nwamUgy AZwHy$b Zmht ho. Vmgy Vm_|
{e>ZH$mo AmXa Zmht ho. `{n F$frZZ| ~hmoV H$maH$s gm`H$s {H$`m H$hr
ho VWm{n {Zarda gm`Hw$ N>m{S>Ho$ A` g~ gm`_| Am_`{V[aV g~ZH$mo
`mJ H$aZmo ò AVa gmYZ EH$(g_mZ) ho VWm AnZo d$n_| pW{V$n
_moj\$bh EH$(g_mZ) ho. Vmgy (emgy) ~m gm`Hw$ N>m{S>Ho$ g~ gm`
{e>ZH$m| AmXa H$[ado`mo` ho. AWdm nwamUmoV gm`_| Am_XeZ$n W_
EH$ \$b hmo` ho Amoa nrN>o kmZmam _moj$n Xygamo \$b hmo` ho. Vm_| F$frZZo
Omo {dMma {H$`moho dmH$mo Am_XeZ$n EH$ \$b hmo` ho. gmoh {Zarda
gm `{gdm`Ho $ gm `H$mo \$b ho . {Zarda gm `H$mo \$bVmo
ZaH$mpV$nhrho&&8&&
Eg| dV:(dmYrZ) _mojHo$ gmYH$ EH$ emH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ (dmYrZ
_mojHo$ gmYH$) Xygao emH$mo {Z$nU H$aVh|:
A`mJo `mo J _mJm} {h `mJmo @ {n _Zg d {h&
`_mX`Vw H$V `m: {go `mo J o H $ VmW V m&&9&&
A`mJo=`mJ Z H$[adono
{h={ZpMV$ngy
`moJ_mJ:=`moJ_mJ ho
{h=Amoa {\$a, `mJ:=`mJ
A{n=h, _Zgm=_Zgy, Ed=hr
(H$V`:=H$aZmo)
`_mX`:=`_ B`m{X, Vw=Vmo
H$V`m:=H$aZ|, `moJo=`moJ ^ò
{go(g{V)={g ^ò
H$VmWVm=H$VmWnZm|(^d{V=hmo`ho)
~mb~moY:
165
^mdmW : `mJ Zmht H$[ado_| `moJ_mJ H$mo Om` ho, `h ~mV {ZpMV ho. Amoa
`mJh _Zgy H$aZmo; AWmV _mZ{gH$ `mJ H$ao. Amoa `moJ_mJ_|h `_, {Z`_
Am{X A Vmo Ad` gmYZo M{hò. `moJ {g ^ògy Am_mHo$ d$n_|
pW{V$n _moj {g hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : OmHw$ `mJ {H$ò {dZm _mojH$mo gmYZ H$aZmo hmo` Vmo VmHo${bò `moJ_mJ
ho. BVZ| {Mmd{mH$mo {ZamoY H$aHo$ Am_mH$mo ~moYH$ _mJ ho gmo nyamUgy AZwHy$b
ho. Vm_| `mJh _Zgy hr ho. `_, {Z`_, AmgZ, Um`m_, `mhma, `mZ,
YmaUm Amoa g_m{Y $n gmYZ Vmo H$aZ|. V~ `moJ {g ^ògy Am_mHo$ d$n_|
pW{V$n _moj {g hmo` ho&&9&&
Eg| dV: (OrdHo$ dmYrZ) _moj_| Xygao emH$mo {ZU` {H$`mo. A~,
naV: (naml`) _mojHo$ Xmo` emH$mo {ZU` H$[adoHo${bò Vm_| _mojH$mo Omo
d$n ho VmHo$ {Z$nUnydH$ {dVma ~VmdV h|. ~mOr _mojHw$ Zmht XoV h| Vm_|
_mUh H$hV h|:
namlò U _mo j Vw {Ym gmo @ {n {Z$`Vo &
~ m ~ m UVm `mVg Vy n o U gw g o `Vo &&10&
Vo gdm W m Z Mmo Z em {H$pMX CXr[aV_ &
namlòU=na_m_mH$moAml`H$[aHo$
~mUVm=~mUnZ|Hw$
_moj:=_moj, Vw=Vmo
`mV:=mV ^ò h|
{Ym=Xmo`H$magy(ApV=ho)
VynoU=dm $ngy
gmo=dmH$mo, A{n=h
gwgo`Vo=ny{OV h|, Vo=do
{Z$`Vo = {Z$nU H$a| h|
gdmWm=g^r AW
~m=~mOr
AmoZ=~mOrgy
Z=Zmht(`V:=`m|Ho$)
em=emHw$
~mb~moY:
166
{H$pMV=WmoS>mogmo
CXr[aV=H$mo(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : naml` H$[aHo$ _moj Vmo {ed VWm {dUw Ho$ Aml`gy hmoV ho. Vmgm|
Xmo` H$maH$mo {Z${nV {H$`mo Om` ho. ~mOr doX AWdm na~ Ho$ Om{Zdodmao
hmoBdogy AWdm ~mUH$s Om{VHo$ A{^_mZdmar XodVmnZoHw$ mV ^ò h| Vmgm|
{dZH$s godm ~mUd$ngy hmo` ho. Vmgm| Y_-AW-H$m_-_moj$n AW
~mOrgy mV Zmht hmoV h|. Amoa {dZZ| dImZg_$n em H$Nw>H$ H$mo ho.
Q>rH$m : naml` H$[aHo$ _moj Vmo {ed VWm {dUw Ho$ Aml`gy hmoV ho. Vmgm| Xmo`
H$maH$mo {Z${nV {H$`mo Om` ho. `{n JwUmdVmaZ_| ~mh h| A JwUm{^_m{ZnZogy
({dUw-{ed-~m) VrZm| g_mZ h|; VWm{n gadVrHo$ emnm{XH$gy ~mH$mo
ny`nZmo {_{Q> J`mo ho. Vmgy doXHo$ Om{ZdonZoHw$ AWdm na~ Om{ZdonZoHw$
AWdm ~mUH$s Om{VHo$ A{^_mZdmar XodVmnZoHw$ mV ^ò h|. {VZH$s godm
~mUd$ngy hmo` ho. _mojHo${bò ~mOrH$mo godZ Zmht ho. `m| Omo ~mOrH$mo
H$m` g{> H$[adoH$mo ho Amoa _moj ho gmo Vmo g{>H$m`gy {d ho. Vmgy ~mOr
_mojHw$ Zmht Xo` h|. ò (Y_-AW-H$m_-_moj$n) g~ AW ~mOrgy mV
Zmht hmoV h|. AWmV Xmo`-VrZ AW mV hmoV h|. AWdm ~mOrHw$ goddodmao
g~ AWdmao Zmht hmo` h| {H$Vw `pH$pMV AWdmao hmo` h|. Amoa {dZZ|
dImZg_$n em H$Nw>H$ H$moho&&10&&
{ed Amoa {dUw H$mo d$n g_wPmdV h|:
AV: {edM {dUwM OJVmo {hVH$maH$m&&11&&
dVwZ: pW{V-ghmam H$m`m em-dVH$m&
AV:=Vmgm|
dVwZ:=dVw(_m)H$mo
pW{V-ghmam=nmbZ Amoa b`
H$m`m=Xmo H$m`
em-dVH$m=
emH$mo dVZ H$[adodmao h|
OJV:=OJVH$mo
{hVH$maH$m={hV H$[adodmao
(V:=h|)
^mdmW-Q>rH$m : (~mOrgm| _moj Zmht {_bo ho) Vmgy {ed Amoa {dUw
OJVH$mo {hV H$[adodmao h|. Amoa dVwH$mo nmbZ {dUwH$mo Ad` H$V` ho VWm
dVwH$mo ghma {edmOrH$mo Ad` H$V` ho. Vog| hr MVwdJ {df`H$ emHo$
dVH$h ò XmoD$ h|; Vm_| Oogmo OmH$mo A{YH$ma ho Vm_mU d{m hmo` Ego
em H$[adodmao XmoD$ h|&&11&&
{edHo$ em_| {edH$mo gdm_H$nZmo H$mo ho Amoa {dUwHo$ em_|
{dUwH$mo gdm_H$nZmo H$mo ho; V~ {dUwH$mo (g{>)nmbZ$n EH$ H$m` ho
Amoa {edmOrH$mo (g{>)ghma$n EH$ H$m` ho Eg| Ho$g| g^do? Egr e>m hmo`
Vhm H$hV h|:
~ d Vme `_mV gdm _H$V`mo { XVm &&12&&
{ZXm} f -ny U - Jw U Vm VV - VN>mo V`mo : H $ Vm&
`_mV=`m|Ho$, Vme=dm $n
~=~, Ed=hr (ho)
(V_mV Vm=`mH$maUgy{ed{dUwH$mo)
emo=em_|, V`mo:=XmoZm|ZH$s
{ZXm}f-nyU-JwUVm=
{ZXm}fVm Amoa nyUJwU$nVm
gdm_H$V`m=gdm_H$$ngy
C{XVm=H$ho h|(qH$M=Amoa)
VV-VV=dm-dm
H$Vm={Z${nV H$ar
(ApV=ho)
{ed:={edOr M=Amoa
{dUw:={dUw, M=h
(m A{n=XmoD$)
~mb~moY:
167
~mb~moY:
168
^mdmW : ~ hr {dUw Amoa {ed $n hmo` J`mo ho Vmgm| em_| CZ XmoZm|ZH$m|

gd OJVH$o _ybH$maU H$ho h|. Amoa AnZo-AnZo em_| CZ XmoZm|ZH $mo Xmofa{hVnZmo
Amoa gdJwUgnZnZmo H$mo ho. AWmV JwUmdVma {dUw Amoa {ed H$mo Omo CZCZHo$ emZ_| gdm_H$nZmo Am{X na~Ho$ JwU ~Vmò h| do g~ JwU na~Ho$hr
h| CZHo$ Zmht.
Q> r H$m : AWd { ea, do V mdVa ^ { V Cn{ZfXZ _ | {ed$ngy Amo a
_hmZmamÙmon{Z{fX, ZmamÙmon{ZfV ^{V Cn{ZfXZ_| {dUw$ngy ~H$mo hr
{VnmXZ ho. {VZgy A{dVmgy nmewnV VWm nmMamm{XH$Z_| gdm_H$nZogy
XmoD$ZH$mo {Z$nU ho. Vmgy ~ hr Vogmo ho.
{edOrHo$ (nmewnVm{XH$) emZ_| {edOr {ZXm}fnyUJwU h| Eg| {Z$nU
{H$`mo ho Amoa {dUwHo$ (nmMamm{XH$) em_| {dUw {ZXm}fnyUJwU h| Eg|
{Z$nU {H$`mo ho. gmo ({Z$nU)h {ed$ngy VWm {dUw$ngy na~H$mo hr
{Z$nU ho, JwUmdVmaZH$o A{^m`gy Zmht ho. Vmgyh r _hm^maV_| _mojY_(nd)_|
H$mo ho Omo gm`, `moJ, nMam, doX VWm nmewnV ò nmMmoH$s {Z>m AV_|
ZmamÙ ^w h|. naVw `m A{^m`Hw$ Zmht Om{Zdodmao AkmZr h| Vmgy {VZ_|
Om-Om XodVmH$mo {VnmXZ ho gmo-gmo XodVmhr AV_| {Z>m$n h| Eg| _mZo h|.
Vmgy {dZHw$ \$bh {VZ-{VZ XodVmZ_| gm`w`m{XH$ hmo` ho; naVw ^JdmZH$mo
AmZX AWdm ÔZmZX Zmht {_bo ho. Egr Vahgy Ord{dMm[aV bm{H$H$
_mojH$mo {Z$nU {H$`mo&&12&&
{ed VWm {dUw Ho$ ÔZH$mo \$b EH$ ho qH$dm {^Z-{^Z ho Eg|
Om{ZdoH$s BN>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
^mo J -_mo j -\$bo XmVw eVm md{n `{n&&13&&
^mo J : {edo Z _mo j Vw {dUw Z o { V {d{ZM`:&&
`{n=OmoHo$
^moJ:=^moJ, Vw=Vmo
~mb~moY:
169
^moJ-_moj-\$bo=^moJ-_moj \$bZHw$
XmVw=Xo`doHy$, m=XmoC
A{n=hr, eVm=epV_mZ
(V:=h|)(VWm{n=VmoD$)
{edoZ = {edOrgy, _moj: = _moj

{dUwZm={dUwgy, B{V=Egmo
{d{ZM` = nH$mo {ZM`
(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : ^moJ VWm _moj Ho$ Xo`do_| `{n XmoD$ g_W h| VWm{n {edOrHo$
ÔZV| ^moJ Amoa {dUwHo$ ÔZV| _moj {_bo ho, Eg| {deof {ZM` ho.
Q>rH$m : lr^mJdVHo$ Xe_H$YHo$ 88 _| A`m`_| H$mo ho Omo {edOr
epV`wV h| Amoa JwUZH$[aHo$ AmdV h|. Vmgy {edOrHo$ ÔZV| JwUZH$s
{d^yVrZH$mo ^moJ {_bo ho. Amoa h[a gmjmV {ZJwU AWmV _m`mV| na h|. {VZHo$
ÔZV| {ZJwU hmo` AWmV _moj {_bo ho. Vmgy lwVrZ_| VWm nwamUm{XH$Z_| H$moCH$moC WbZ_| {edOr _moj Xo` h| VWm {dUw ^moJ Xo` h| Ego {b`mo ho gmo Egmo
gm_` ~Vm`doHo${bò ho. XodoHo$ A{^m`gy Zmhtho&&13&&
{edOr ^moJ Xo` h| Amoa {dUw _moj Xo` h| Vm_| ~mbH$ZHw$h g_w{Pdo_|
Amdo Egr `wpV H$hV h|:
bmoHo$@{n `V ^w^wVo VZ `N>{V H${h{MV&&14&&
bmoHo$=bmoH$_|, A{n=hh
`V=Omo (dVw=dVw)
^w:=dm_r, ^wVo=^moJ H$ao ho
VV=dmo (dVw=dVw)
H${h{MV=H$~h
Z=Zmht, `N>{V=XoV ho
^mdmW : bmoH$_|h Omo dVw dm_r d` ^moJo ho dm dVwH$m| H$~h H$mhH$m| Zmht
XoV ho.
Q>rH$m : bmoH$_|h Egr ar{V ho Omo dm_r hmo` gmo AnZo ^moJdoH$s Omo dVw hmo`
~mb~moY:
170
gmo AmoaHw$ Zmht XoV ho. Vog| {edOr gXm dam``wV a{hHo$ _mojHw$ ^moJo h| Amoa
{dUw gdXm b_rOrHo$ g ^moJ ^moJo h|. Vmgy {edOrH$mo ^mo` _moj ho gmo
AmoaZHw$ Xod| Zmht h|. Amoa {dUwH$mo ^mo` "^moJ' ho gmo AmoaZHw$ Xod| Zmht h|, ò
bm{H$H$ `wpV ~VmB. naVw dmV{dH$ A{^m` Egmo ho Omo {edOr Kmoa-epV
g{hV {\$ao h| VWm {dZHo$ CnmgH$ Vm_g hmo` h|. Vmgy {edOr _moj Zmht Xod|
h|. Amoa Omo ^JdX^V {ZJwU hm|` {VZH$m| bm{H$H$ g_{ Xo`doV| nmV hmo` Eg|
{OZHw$ OmZ| {VZH$m| ^JdmZ ^moJ Zmht XoV h|. n[a {OZH$m| g_{H$mo _X hmo`
Zmht Ego OmZ| {VZH$m| (gwXm_mH$s ZmB) ^moJh Xodoh|. gmo AJmS>r AmdoJmo Omo
""A{V{`H$m| XoVh|''.
AWdm dUdOZH$m| _mojH$s BN>m Vmo hmoV Zmht ho Vmgy do {dUwH$mo ÔZ
Zmht H$a|J| Amoa ^Jdgodm_| ^moJ {g hmo` Egr g_{H$s BN>m hmoV ho Vmgy
{edOrH$mo ÔZ H$a|Jo Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h| Omo ^w lrH$U AnZo
^Vg~Yr Om dVwH$mo ArH$ma H$aV h| gmo dVw H$moC {~[a`m {edOr Zmht
XoV h|. `m| Omo ^JdmZ ^VH$m_nyaH$ h| Amoa {dZH$s ^pV H$ndj ge
ho, gmo g~ BN>m nyU H$aV h|. (`{X {edOr ^Jdgodm_| g_{ndoH$s dVw
^JdgdoH$H$m| XmZ H$a| Vmo ^JdmZ A ^JdX^pV H$mo H$nVnZm| hr
IpS>V o Om`) Vog| ^wH$s ^pVgy Omo mV hmo` ho VmHw$ Abm{H$H$nZmo ho
Amoa Abm{H$H$H$mohr ^w ArH$ma H$a| h|. Vmgy ^wH$m| ArH$ma H$[adoH$s dVw
Abm{H$H$ ho gmo {edOr Zmht XoV h|, ^w hr XoV h|&&14&&
{edOr _moj Zmht Xod| Vmo nmewnV emH$mo _mojemnZm| {_{Q> Om`Jmo
Amoa {dUw ^moJ Zmht Xod| Vmo ""nw YZ r hma _hob KmoS>m hmWr dJ Amoa _moj
h[a^VV| Xya Zmht h|'' B`m{XH$ dm`Z_| ^JdX^pVV| Eo{hH$-nmabm{H$H$
g~ gwI {_{bdoH$mo {b`mo ho gmo Vm_| ~mY AmdoJmo Egr e>m hmo` VmH$s
{Zd{mHo${bò H$hV h|:
A{V{`m`
VX{n
Xr`Vo
{Z`VmW - XmZo Z
VXr`d
~mb~moY:
171
d{MXo d
hr&
VXml`:&&15&&
ò H $
gmYZ
M V X
{Vr`mW}
{h={H$Vw, VV=dmo, A{n=h

A{V{`m`=A{V{`Hw$
d{MV=H$~hH$
Ed={h Xr`Vo=XoV h|
{Z`VmWXmZoZ={Z`VnXmWZHw$Xodogy
VXr`d=^JdXr`Vm
_hmZ
l_:&
VXml`:=^JdXml`
({g{V={g hmodo ho)
EVV=ò, òH$=òH$ \$bH$mo
gmYZ=gmYZ ho
{Vr`mW}=Xygao nwfmWZHw$ Xo`do_|
_hmZ=~S>mo,l_:=l_(^d{V=hmoVho)
^mdmW : {edOrHw$ Omo A`V {` hmo` VmHw$ {edOr H$moC g_` _moj XoV
h|. Amoa {dUwHw$ Omo A`V {` hmo` VmHw$ {dUw ^moJ XoV h|, ò ~mVh
bmoH${g ho. {edÔZ ^moJHw$ {g H$ao ho Amoa {dUwÔZ _mojHw$ {g H$ao
ho; ò òH$ gmYZ ho. Xygao-Xygao nwfmWH$m| Xo`do_| {ed Amoa {dUw Hw$
(JwUn[adVZ H$adogm|) A{Vl_ hmo` ho&&15&&
Q>rH$m : {edOrHw$ Omo A`V {` hmo` VmHw$ {edOr H$moC g_` _moj XoV h|.
Amoa {dUwHw$ Omo A`V {` hmo` VmHw$ {dUw ^moJ XoV h|, ò ~mVh bmoH${g
ho. Vmgy {ed Amoa {dUw _| ^moJ VWm _moj XmoC Xo`doH$s epV ho. {VZH$mo ^V
hmo` Amoa {VZH$mo Aml` H$[aHo$ A{V {` O~ hmo` V~ {edOr VWm {dUw XmoD$
dm ^VH$mo Oogmo A{YH$ma hmo` VmHo$ AZwgma ^moJAmoa_moj XoV h|. AWdm
{edOr `{X ^moJHw$hr XoVo hm|` V~ {dUwHo$ ^VZHw$h ^moJHo${bò {edOrH$s
^pV VWm Aml` H$aZmo nS>o Amoa {dUw `{X _mojHw$ hr XoVo hm|` V~ {edOrHo$
^VZH$m| _mojHo${bò {dUwH$mo Aml` H$aZmo nS>o. gmo Egmo Z hmo` Vmgy Omo
A`V {` hmo` VmHw$ Xmo` nXmW XmoD$ XoV h|.
Omo ^JdX^V Z hmo` dmHw$ `{X ^moJH$s BN>m hmo` Vmo dmo {edOrH$mo
ÔZ H$ao VWm _mojH$s BN>m hmo` Vmo dmo {dUwH$mo ÔZ H$ao. Amoa Omo
^JdX^V hmo` VmHw$ Vmo g~ nXmW ^JdmZgyhr {g hm|`. Vmgy òH$H$mo
A{V{`nZmo hmo` Vogmo VXr`nZmo VWm {VZH$mo Aml` H$aZmo òhr EH$ gmYZ ho.
~mb~moY:
172
dmhr gmYZgy g~ {g hmo`.

{edOrH$m| _moj Xodo_| VWm {dUwH$m| ^moJ Xodo_| ~S>mo l_ hmo` ho. AWdm
{edÔZ ^moJHw$ {g H$ao ho Amoa {dUwÔZ _mojHw$ {g H$ao ho; ò òH$
gmYZ ho. Eg| bm{H$H$ _mojH$s `dWm H$hr. Amoa Abm{H$H$ _moj ^pV_mJu`
ho. VmHo${bò Omo l_ ho gmo gmYZgy, \$bgy VWm d$ngy A{V Cm_ ho&&15&&
{edOrH$m| _moj Xodo_| VWm {dUwH$m| ^moJ Xodo_| ~S>mo l_ ho Eg| H$mo
VmH$mo H$maU H$hV h|:
Ordm: d^mdVmo Xw >m Xmo f m^mdm` gd X m&&16&&
ldUm{X VV: o Um gd H$m` {h {g{V&
Ordm:=Ord _m
d^mdV:=d^mdgy
Xw>m:=Xmofdmao(gpV=h|)
Xmofm^mdm`=Xmof Xya H$[adoHy$
gdXm={ZaVa
ldUm{X=ldU Am{X
(H$V`=H$aZo)
VV:=dmgy, oUm=o_gy
gd=g~, H$m`=H$m`
{h=Ad`, {g{V={g hmo` h|
H$mo _mhm` g>rU H$n_| A{YH$ H$mo ho Amoa gmpdH$ H$n_| h[aH$mo
_mhm` A{YH$ H$mo ho. Eg| Mm`m]Ho$ bjU ~Vm`Ho$ gmpdH$ H$n_|
_moj\$b ghO_| hmo` ho Ego {b`mo ho. Vog| ""{dUw^pV H$[adodmao gmpdH$
h| Amoa e{d^pV H$[adodmao Vm_g h|'' Eg| dm_Z nwamUHo$ Xe_m`m`_| {b`mo
ho. Vmgy {dUw^pV H$[adodmao gmpdH$ hm|` h|. {VZH$m| gdJwUH$s {Zd{V
hmo`Ho$ erKhr JwUmVrVnZmo hmo`dogy _moj hmo` ho. Vmgm| Vm_| {dUwH$m| l_ Z
hmo`. Amoa ^moJ Xo`do_| Vmo {dZH$mo emV d^md hmo` gmo {\$amdZmo nS>o, Vm_|h
^moJ_| AmgpV hmo`Ho$ Xmof CnZ Z hmo` Egmo d^md H$[ado_|h {dUwH$m| l_
hmo`.
Vog| {edOrHo$ ^V Vm_g hmo` h| {VZH$m| Vmo V_moJwUHo$ aOmoJwUHo$ Amoa
gdJwUHo$ Y_ {_Q>md| V~ JwUmVrVnZmo hmo` V~ _moj hmo`. Vm_| {edOrH$m|
~hmoV l_ hmo` ho. Amoa Vm_g d^mddmaoZH$m| ^moJ Xo`do_| ^VZH$mo d^md
{\$amdZmo Zmqh nS>o ho Vmgy {edOrH$m| l_ Z hmo`. Vmgy OrdZHo$ XmofH$s
{Zd{mHo${bò ldUm{XH$ gdXm H$aZm|. Vmgy o_ hmo` Amoa VmH$[aHo$ VXr`d
Amoa VXml`d {g hmo`. AWdm Ord ^JdmZHo$ Xmg h|. {VZH$m| ^Jdgodm
H$aZr ò dY_ ho. gmo Zmqh H$aV h| Vmgy Xmof`wV ^ò h|. dm XmofH$s
{Zd{mHo${bò ldUm{XH$ H$aZmo Vmgy ^JdmZ_| o_ hmo` Amoa o_H$[aH|$ g~
H$m` {g hmo` ho&&16&&
Eg| gm_` VWm gmYZ H$s `dWm ~Vm`H|$ VmH$[aHo$ Omo {g ^`mo gmo
H$hV h|:
^mdmW : Ord ^JdmZHo$ Ae h| Vmgy d$ngy Xw> Zmqh h| naVw d^mdgy Xw>
^ò h|. dm XmofH$s {Zd{mHo${bò gdXm ldUm{XH$ H$aZm|. VmH$[aHo$ o_ hmo`.
Amoa o_gy g~ H$m` {g hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo lw{V_| {b`mo ho Omo ""d^mdgy Xod, _Zw` Amoa Agwa Eg| VrZ
H$maHo$ Ord h|''. Vog| _`nwamU_| g>rU, gmpdH$, amOg Amoa Vm_g Eg|
Mma H$maHo$ H$n ~Vm`Ho$ ApZ VWm {ed H$mo _mhm` Vm_g H$n_| A{YH$
H$mo ho, ~mH$mo _mhm` amOg H$n_| A{YH$ H$mo ho, gadVr VWm {nV
~mb~moY:
173
_mo j Vw gw b ^mo {dUmo a ^mo J M {edVg VWm&

g_n U o Z AmZm_Zmo {h VXr`d ^do X Y w d _ &&17&&
_moj:=_moj, Vw=Vm
{dUmo:={dUwgy,gwb^:=gwb^
(^d{V=hmodo ho)VWm=Amoa
(^d{V=hmodo ho)Am_Z:=Am_mHo$
g_nUoZ=g_nUmam,{h={ZM`hr
Ywd={ZMb,VXr`d=
~mb~moY:
174
^moJ:=^moJ,M=h,{edV:={edgy ^JdXr`nZm|,^doV=hmo` ho
^mdmW : _moj Vmo {dUwgy gwb^ ho, Vog| ^moJ {edgy gwb^ ho. Am_r` gd
dVw g{hV Am_mHw$ ^JdMaUma{dX_| AnU H$[adogm| {ZM` H$aHo$ {ZMb
VXr`nZmo hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : Cna {Vr` AW_| {ed Amoa {dUw H$m| l_ ~Vm`mo ho. Vmgy _moj Vmo
{dUwgy gwb^ ho Amoa ^moJ {edgy gwb^ ho. Amoa A{V{`d hmo`doHo${bò Vmo
Omo Am_mH$mo g_nU H$ao VmH$[aH|$ {ZpMV VXr`nZmo hmo`. `m| Omo _oamo Amoa
__Vm{df`H$ {OVZo h| {VZH$mo ^wH$s BN>m_mU {d{Z`moJ H$aZmo Egr ~w{
Am_g_nU_| H$maU ho. gmo hmo` V~ VXr`nZmo {ZpMV hmo`&&17&&
Am_g_nU {H$òV| VXr`nZmo hmo` Eg| H$mo. V~, Am_g_nU Zmqh
{H$`mo hmo` Amoa Ho$db Aml` _m hmo`, Vm_| Cna ~VmB Egr ~w{ OmH$s ^B
Z hmo` Vmgy VXr`nZmoh ^`mo Z hmo` VmHw$ \$b{g{ Ho$g| hmo`? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s
BN>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
AVXr`V`m Mm{n Ho $ dbe Mo V g_m{lV:&
VXml`-VXr`d~w X ` {H$pMV g_mMao V &&18&&
dY_ _ AZw { V>Z d ^ma- J w `_ A`Wm&
M=Amoa,
A{n=Vmo h, MoV=`{X
Ho$db:=Ho$db
g_m{lV:=g`V`m
Am{lV hmo`
(V{h=Vmo)
AVXr`V`m=^JdXr`nZm| {g ^`mo
Z hmo`
dY_=dY_H$mo
AZw{V>Z=nmbZ H$aVo ^ò
{H$pMV=H$Nw>H$
g_mMaoV=AmMaU H$ao
A`Wm=Zqh Vmo
~mb~moY:
175
VXml`VXr`d~w=^JdXml`
Amoa ^JdXr`nZm| Om{ZdoHo${bò
^ma-Jw`=XwJZmo ^ma
(^d{V=hmo` ho)
^mdmW : VXr`nZmo ^`mo Z hmo` Amoa Ho$db (^w _oao ajH$ h| Ego AZwgY mZdmamo)
Am{lV hmo` Vmoh AnZo dUml_Ho$ Y_H$mo AmMaU H$ao. Amoa Aml` VWm
VXr`nZo H$s ~w{ hmo`doHo${bò H$Nw>H$ ldUm{XH$ H$ao. A`Wm XwJZmo ^ma hmo`.
Q>rH$m : `m| Omo dUml_Y_ H$ao Zmqh Vmo VmHo$ H$maU AY_H$mo Xmof VWm D$na
~Vmò _mU ""Ord d^mdV| Xw> h|'' gmo d^mdH$V Xmof {_{bH|$ {JwU
(XwJZmo) Xmof hmo`. V~ VmH$mo Cma H$[adodmao (^w)H$m| l_ A{V ~S>mo hmo`.
AWdm ""dUml_Y_ N>m{S>Ho$ ^wHo$ MaUH$mo ÔZ H$aVmo hmo` gmo AnyU
aho Vmoh VmH$mo AH$`mU Z hmo`. Amoa ^JdMaUH$mo ÔZ H$aVo Z hm|` {VZH$m|
dUmlHo$ Y_gy H$hm AW mV hmo` ho? H$Ny> Zhr'' Eg| W_H$Y_|
ZmaXOrH$mo dm` ho. Vmgy dUml_Ho$ Y_ H$aV|-H$aV| h Aml` VWm VXr`nZo
H$s ~w{Ho${bò ldUm{XH$ H$aZm|. Vog| H$ao Zmqh Amoa Ho$db dUml_Y_ H$ao
Vmo Vmgy H$Ny> \$b Z hmo` (ò EH$ ^ma) Amoa Aml` VWm VXr`nZo H$s
~w{Ho${bò ldUm{XH$ H$ao Zmqh BVZo ^w h Cma Z H$a| Eg| XwJwZmo ^ma hmo`.
AWdm ^pV_mJ_| lrAmMmÒrmam ^wH$s eaUmJ{V H$aZr òhr OrdH$mo
"dY_' ho. gmo dY_ H$ao. Amoa Aml` VWm VXr`nZoH$s ~w{Ho${bò ldUm{XH$
H$ao Vmo \$b{g{ hmo`. Amoa Eg| Z H$ao Vmo XwJZmo ^ma hmo`. BVZo ldUm{XH$
gmYZ H$ao VmH$mo \$bh Z hmo` Amoa ^pV_mJu` Y_H$mo AmMaU Zmqh H$[adogy
`dm`h hmo`&&18&&
Egr Vahgy ~mbH$ZH$m| ~moY hmo`doHo${bò gjon_| {Z$nU H$[aHo$ Cnghma
H$aV h|:
Bòd H${WV gd ZVkmZo ^_: nwZ:&&19&&
~mb~moY:
176
&& B{V lrdb^mMm`{da{MVmo ~mb~moY: gnyU:&&

B{V Ed=`m H$magy, gd=g~
H${WV=H$mo, EVV=ò
kmZo=Om{Zdono, nwZ:={\$agy
^_:=^_, Z=Zmqh(^d{V=hmoV ho)
^mdmW : Eg| nydm}V H$magy AnZo Amoa XygaoZHo$ {gmVHo$ gL>Jh$n g~

H$mo ho. VmH$mo kmZ hmo` Vmo nwfmWZH$mo d$n g_w{Pdo_| A`Wm kmZ \o$[a
Z hmo`.
Q>rH$m : BVZo W_ `{X A`Wm kmZ hmo` gmo `m_| {bIo _mU g_wPo Vmo Vm
nmN>| A`WmkmZ Z aho&&19&&
&& B{V lrdb^mMm` {da{MV ~mb~mo Y H$s
Jmo dm{_ lrZ q ghbmbOr _hmamO {da{MV
d O ^mfm_| ^mdmW Q>rH$m gny U ^B &&
&& {gmV_wVmdbr &&

(8)
{Z~Y_| ^JdmZH$s mpVHo${bò 1d{XH$_mJ VWm 2^pV_mJ H$mo {Z$nU
{H$`mo ho. Amoa Xe_H$YHo$ lrgw~mo{YZrOr_| 3dV ^pV_mJH$mo {Z$nU
{H$`mo ho. gmo ^JdmpVHo$ VrZ _mJZ_|gy A_wH$Hw$ A_wH$ _mJ _w` ho, Ego
~Vm`doHo${bò ho; qH$dm VrZm|Z_| A_wH$ _mJhr _w` ho Ego ~Vm`doHo$ {bò ho?
Egmo gXoh AnZo ^VZHw$ hmo`. Vog|B dm (dV^pV_mJHo$) g_|
godmH$mo d$n H$hm ho? Amoa dmHo$ A{YH$mar H$moZ h|? B`m{XH$ gXoh hm|`
VmH$s {Zd{mHo${bò `h ({gmV_wVmdbr) JW lrAmMmÒr _hm^wOr
H$aV h|:
Zdm h[a d`m{_ d{gmV{d{ZM`_ &&
H $ Ugo d m gXm H$m`m _mZgr gm nam _Vm&&1&&
h[a=h[aHw$
Zdm=Z_Z H$[aH|$
d{gmV{d{ZM`=
AnwZo {gmVHo$ {deof {ZM`H$m|
(Ah=_)
d`m{_=AmN>r ^m{Vgm| H$hVhm|
H$Ugodm=lrH$UH$s godm
gXm=h_|em
H$m`m=Ad` H$aZr
gm=dmo _mZgr=_mZgr
(MoV VXm=hmo` V~)
nam=\$b$n, _Vm=_mZr Om`
^mdmW : gd Xw:I Xya H$[ado_| g_W lrh[aHw$ Z_Z H$[aHo$, AnZo {gmVHo$
{ZM`H$m| _ H$hJmo. lrH$UH$s godm gdH$mb_| H$aZr M{hò. gmo godm `{X
_mZgr hmo` Vmo \$b$nm _mZrOm`&&1&&
~mb~moY:
177
{gmV_wVmdbr
178
&& lr_^wMaUH$V{dd{V &&

U`
H $ n`m
{nV n mXmO-namJ_
AZw a mJV:&
{deXrHw $ _ g VmL > _w Vm\$bmdbr_ &&
d{gmV B{V. AJo d`_mU ~h{^ {_Wmo {d: {gmV:

emmWgXoho VpZamgm` d{gmV$n emmW{ZM` d`m{_ B{V AW.
V_od Amh: H$Ugodm B{V. \$bm_H$Zm_mo`m dV:nwfmWdoZ godmH${V:
d{gmVmo, Z Vw AèofdoZ B{V km`Vo. godm {h godH$Y_:. VXw`m
OrdmZm_ AeofmUm ghOXmgd km{nV_. AVEd Z H$_{U Bd A H$mbn[aN>Xo mo
ApV B{V Amh gXm B{V. Amd`H$mW"`V'``mV"H$m`'nXmo`m VX
AH$aUo `dm`r ^d{V B{V ^mdmo km`Vo. gmM \$b$nm gmYZm$nm M
AmVo. V _mZgr gm nam=\$b$nm B{V AW:, `Wm dOgr_pVZrZm_. VXod
VmUZmWoZ JrV ""Vm Zm{dXZ _`Zwf~{Y`: d_ Am_mZ_ AXg
VWoX_''B`m{XZm&&1&&
Q>rH$m : ^VZHo$ Xw:I VWm nmn Hw$ h[adodmao ^yZH$m| Z_Z H$[aHo$ AnZo
{gmVH$mo {deof H$[aHo$ Omo {ZM` {H$`mo ho gmo H$hyJmo. `hm ""{deofH$[aHo$
{ZM` {H$`mo ho'' Ego H$mo ho VmH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo lr^mJdVHo$
{Vr`H$Y_| H$mo ho Omo ""^JdmZ ~mZo VrZ {~[a`m doX Xo{IHo$ `h {ZM`
{H$`mo Omo Am_$n ^JdmZ_| r{V hmo` Egmo gmYZ H$aZmo òhr g_J doXH$mo
A{^m` ho'' gmo {ZM` OVmdV h| Omo lrH$UH$s godm gXm H$aZr. gmo
VZw{dmOm VWm _mZgr Ego Xmo` H$maH$s ho. Vm_| _mZgr \$b$nm _mZr ho.
lrH$U \$bm_H$ h| {VZH$s godm gXm H$aZr Ego H$mo ho; VmH$mo A{^m`
Egmo ho Omo godmH$[aHo$ Amoa(A`) \$bH$s BN>m Zmht amIZr. godmhr dV:
\$b$n ho. godm gXm H$[adoH$mo {b`mo ho VmH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo AnZo_|
XmgnZoH$mo AZwgYmZ H$[aHo$ godm ho gmo dV \$b$nm ho; Amoa OrdZH$m|
Ad` H$V` ho, Ego g_PHo$ godm gdH$mb H$aZr&&1&&
{gmV_wVmdbr
179
""godm gXm H$aZr'' Ego {b`mo ho gmo amOmH$s AWdm Jw$ZH$s godm
earagy _Zw` H$aV h| Vog|hr ^yZH$s godmh earagyhr H$[adoH$mo {g hmo` ho.
gmo gdH$mb Ho$go ~Zo? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
Mo V g VdU go d m Vpg VZw { dmOm&&
VV: g g ma-Xw : I` {Zd { ma ~ ~mo Y Z_ &&2&&
VdU=dm_| {namoZmo
MoV:={MmH$mo godm=godm ho
Vpg=dmH$s {g{Ho${bò
VZw{dmOm=VZw{dmOm
(H$V`m=H$aZr)VV:=Vmgy
ggmaXw:I`=ggmaXwIH$s
{Zd{m:={Zd{m
({H$M=Amoa)
~~moYZ=~H$mo ~moY
(^d{V=hmodo ho)
^mdmW : lrh[a_| {MmH$mo EH$VmZ hmoZmohr godm H$hr Om` ho. dogr godmH$s
{g{Ho${bò earagm| Amoa `gm| godm(^pV) H$aZr M{hò. dm _mZ{gH$
^pVgm|, AhVm-__Vm_H$ ggmaH$s {Zd{m Amoa ^Jd_mhm`H$mo kmZ, ò
Xmo AdmVa \$b {_bo h|&&2&&
{dd{V : EVXod godmd$n_ B{V Amh: MoV: B{V. CVgodmgmYZo BVao B{V
Amh: VX B{V. {dm Xdm AòZ nwfoU H$dm H$[aVm EH$m. EVmeoZ nwgm
H$Vm M Anam. EVm`m Vo Vgm{YHo$ Z B{V A{^m`kmnH$ g_V nX_.
EVoZ ^JdXW {Zn{Y-dgdd-{ZdoXZ-nydH$ Vd dXoh{d{Z`moJo opU
OmVo gm ^d{V B{V ^md:. EVme` AdmVa\$b ^d{V B{V Amh: VV: B{V.
AhVm-__Vm_H$: ggmamo, ZVw nMm_H$:, V` ~m_H$dmV, VpZd`m
A{Z>{Zd{m CVm. B>mpV_ Amh AJ.o dm_{Z nMo M Aja~m_H$doZ
kmZ_. ^Jdgodm`m_ A{^{Z{d>` `{n AZ{^b{fVo Vo, VWm{n dVwd^mdmV
^dV: B{V ^md:&&2&&
{gmV_wVmdbr
180
Q>rH$m : lrH$U_| {Mm W_ H$Nw>H$ bZ hmo`, nrN>o lrH$UHo$ AmYrZ hmo`

Amoa Vm nrN>o lrH$U_| EH$VmZ$nHw$ mV hmo` (BVZo VbrZ hmo`) gmo godm
H${hò. Egr godm {g hmo`doHo${bò VZw{dmOm godm ho. AWmV lrH$U_|
{MmH$s EH$VmZVm hmo`doHo${bò VZwOm(earagy) VWm {dmOm(YZgy) godm ho.
`hm "VZwOm VWm "{dmOm' Ego {^Z-{^Z nX Z H$mo Amoa "VZw{dmOm' Egmo
g_V nX H$mo ho VmH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo A`Hw$ _y`$n YZ XoHo$ godm
H$amdo gmo {dmOm godm ^B; naVw VmH$[aHo$ {Mm_| amOg (Ah>ma) Am` Om`
Vmgy _mZgr godm {g Z hmo`. Amoa _y`$n YZ boHo$ earagy godm H$ao gmo
VZwOm godm ^B; naVw gmoh _mZgr godmHw$ {g H$ao Zmht. Oog| `k_| ~mUZH$mo
daU hmo` ho n[a {VZH$m| `kH$mo \$b hmoV Zmht ho, Vog|B _y` boHo$ godm H$ao
VmH$m| VZwOmgodmH$mo \$b(_mZgr) {g Z hmo`. Vmgy ^JdmZ_| {ZH$m_ Zoh
hmo` Amoa earagy VWm YZgy gJhr Omo godm H$ao VmHw$ _mZgr {g hmo`. Vmgy
AhVm-__Vm_H$ ggmaHo$ Xw:IH$s {Zd{m Amoa AnZmo Am_m VWm ò nM
g~ Aja~m_H$ ho Egmo kmZ hmo`. `{n ^Jdgodm_| OmH$mo A{^{Zdoe ho
VmHw$ BZ \$bZH$s BN>m hmoV Zmht, VWm{n _mZgr godmhr Egr ho Omo ggmaHo$
Xw:IH$s {Zd{m VWm gd Aja~$n ho Egmo kmZ, ò Xmo` AdmVa \$bZHw$
{g Vmo H$aohr ho&&2&&
Aja~ ho gmohr na~ ho Ego H$moCHo$ _Z_| Amdo Vmgy H$hV h|:
na ~ Vw H $ Umo {h gpMXmZXH $ ~ h V &&
{$n V{ gd `mX EH $ V_mX {dbjU_ &&3&&
na ~=na~, Vw=Vmo
EH$=EH$, gd=gd
H$Umo=lrH$U, {h=hr(ApV=h|)
`mX=hmodo ho
gpMXmZXH$=gV-{MV Amoa An
AmZXdmamo Ana=Xygamo
~hV={dfmb Aja~ (ApV=ho)
V_mX=dmgy
VX {h=dmo hr
{dbjU_={dbjU(ApV=ho)
{gmV_wVmdbr
181
^mdmW : V{mar`mon{ZfVH$s AmZX-~-dbr_| Aja~Ho$ AmZXH$s

JUZm H$ar ho. {H$Vw dmHo$ AmJo H$mo ho Ho$ na~Ho$ AmZX_| _ZdmUr ^r
Zmqh nhMo ho. Vmgy em_| lrH$UHw$hr na~ H$ho h|. Vmgy na~ Vmo
lrH$Uhr h|. gV-{MV-J{UVmZX Aja~ ho. gmo Aja~ {ZM`H$aHo$
Xmo H$maH$mo ho. EH$ gdOJX$n ho Amoa Xygamo dm OJX$ngm| OwXmo ho, OmH$mo
kmZr {dMma H$a| h|&&3&&
{dd{V : BX_od na ~ B{V Z ko`_ B{V Amh: na ~ Vw B{V. èmoXmogbm{bVmo ZVw A`: B{V kmnZm` _ybZm_ CV_. A ôXH$ $n_ Amh:
gpMX B{V. EVo ^Jd_m_H$m:, H$Q>-VV-{`m_H$_ Aja ~.
AVEd nM VXm_H$B{V gpMXmZXm_H$d Vp_Z C`Vo. EVmdmZ na
{deofmo; OS>o gXe: H$Q> BVam AmN>Zm, OrdoVw Amm H$Q>m AmZXme
{Vamo{hV:, na_m_{Z ` \w$Q>_ B{V. "H$'`òZ J{UVmZXd_od ZVw nwfmom_dV
nyUmZXd_ B{V km`Vo. H$UeXoZd nwfmom_d$n {Z${nV_ B{V Ajad$n
{Z$n`pV {$n_ B{V. VX=Aja ~. VXod $n` {deX`pV gd
`mX B{V. nM$no U Am{d^y V _ EH$_ B{V AW . EH $ $n
V_mV=nM$nmX - EH$$ndo Z lw { V{Vnmdo Z km`w n m`do Z
V_wpVWmZdoZ nwfmom_m{Y>mZdm{X{^- {dbjU_ B{V AW. ZM {dY_
ôXmo A e>Zr`:, C^`mo Y_`mo EH$ _mU{gdoZ {damoYm^mdmV.
{dY_m l `d` ~ {U ""VXo O {V VZ O {V'' B`m{Xlw { V{^
{Z$`_mUdmV. bmoH$Ed {damoY: e>Zr`mo ZVw Abm{H$Ho$ ~{U. BX `Wm
VWm ~gy^mò {Z${nV{_{V Z A n`Vo&&3&&
Q>rH$m : lrèmoXmogbm{bV lrH$Uhr na~ h|. `m| Omo Amn Vmo nyUmZX
h| Amoa Aja~Ho$ AmZX {JZVr_| Amdo h|. gmo V{mar` Cn{ZfX_| AmZXH$s
{JZVr H$ar ho, Vm_| _Zw`ZHo$ AmZXgy boHo$ Aja~VmB gmoJwZo AmZX {JZo
h|. gmo Aja~VmB {JZo h|. VmnrN>o _Z Amoa dmUr _| Amdo Zmht Egmo
(AJ{UV)AmZX {b`mo ho. Vmgy lrH$U_| AJ{UV AmZX ho Amoa Aja~_|
{JZVr_| Amdo {VVZmo AmZX ho. gmo Aja~ Xmo` $ndmamo ho. Vm_| (EH$)gd
{gmV_wVmdbr
182
nMm_H$ BVZo OJV_| {OVZo Zm_$n h| gmo Aja~H$mohr EH$ $n ho; Amoa
Xygamo $n nMgy {dbjU ho. AWmV lw{VZ_| OmH$mo {VnmXZ ho, kmZr OmH$s
CnmgZm H$a| h|, kmZrZH$s _wpVH$mo Omo WmZ ho Amoa lrnwfmom_Ho$ a{hdoH$mo Omo
WmZ ho gmo Aja~H$mo Xygamo d$n ho&&3&&
{damoY {_Q>m`doHo$ AW AnZmo {gmV H${hdoHw$ AmoaZHo$ _VZH$mo d$n
~VmdV h|:
Ana V ny d p _Z dm{XZmo ~h Y m OJw : &&
_m{`H $ gJw U H$m` dV Mo { V Z H $Ym&&4&&
V=Vm_|
nydp _Z=nyd_ |
dm{XZ=dmX H$[adodmao
Ana=Xygamo
~hYm=~hmoV H$magy
_m{`H$=_m{`H$
gJwU=JwU g{hV
H$m`=H$m`
dV=dV M=Amoa
B{V=`m H$magy
Z EH$Ym=EH$ H$magy Zht
OJw:=H$ho h|
^mdmW : Aja~Ho$ CZ XmoZm| $nZ_|gy nhbo OJX$n ~Ho$ {df`_| dmXr

AZoH$ H$magm| H$ho h|. {H$VZohr `m OJVHw$ _m`mgm| XrIVmo H$ho h|. {H$VZohr
{JwUm_H$ AWmV gd-aOg-V_g BZ VrZ JwUZgy ~`mo ho Ego H$ho h|. Amoa
H$moC H$ho h| Ho$ ò OJV BdaZo na_mUwgy ~Zm`mo ho AWmV BdaH$mo H$m` ho.
{H$VZohr H$ho h| Ho$ dmhH$s Vah ò OJV AZm{XH$mbgy dV hr M`mo Amdo
ho Ego EH$ H$magm| Zmht H$ho h|&&4&&
{dd{V : {damoYn[ahmam` d{gmV dVw na_Vm{Z Amh: Ana_ B{V. doX_VmX
Ana={^Z _V_. nydp_Z=nM$noU Am{d^yVo. V=Ajao ~{U
B{V AW:. _m{`H$_ B{V {h _m`mdm{XZ:. gJwU=JwUH$m`_ B{V gmm:.
H$m`=XÙwH$m{XH$_oU BdaH$m`_ B{V Z`m{`H$m:. dV=""Z H$Xm{MX
{gmV_wVmdbr
183
AZre OJV'' B{V _r_mgH$m:. MH$maoU doX~m_Vm{Z gL>JVo&&4&&

Q>rH$m : Aja~ OJVHo$ $ngy H$Q> ^`mo ho Vm_| ~hmoV dmXr bmoJ doX_Vgy
{^Z _V H$hV h|. agr_| gnH$s ^mpV hmo` ho, AWdm ewpVH$m(grn)_|
aOV(MmXr)H$s ^mpV hmo` ho Vog| {ZJwU ~_| OJVH$s ^mpV ^B ho; AWdm
_m`m`wV BdaZo OJV ~Zm`mo ho Eg| _m`mdmXr _mZo h|. Amoa gm`_Vdmao Ego
_mZ| h| Omo gdJwU, aOmoJwU VWm V_moJwU BZ VrZ JwUZgy OJV ^`mo ho.
gm`_V H${hdogy nmVOb(`moJ) _Vh `m_| Am` J`mo. Amoa VH$emdmao
Ego H$ho h| Omo ndr, Ob, VoO, VWm dm`w BZ g~ZHo$ na_mUwZ(A`V PrZoPrZo H$UZ)_| BdaH$s BN>mgy {H$`m CnZ hmo`Ho$ BZHo$ Amng_| {_bdogy,
H$m`$n ò OJV ^`mo ho. Vm{H$H$_V H${hdogy Omo ""OJV_| gmobhhr nXmW h|''
Egmo {VnmXZ H$ao h|, OmHo$ dVH$ JmV_ F${f h|, Egmo `m`_V; VWm
""OJV_| gmVhr nXmW h|'' Egmo Omo {VnmXZ H$a| h|, OmHo$ dVH$ H$UmX _w{Z
h|, Egmo deo{fH$_Vh `m_| Am` J`mo. Amoa H$__mJdmao _r_mgH$ Ego H$ho h|
Omo ò OJV Oogmo XrIo ho Vogmohr OJV gdXmgyhr M`mohr Amdo ho. `mH$mo H$moC
H$Vm Zmht ho. _yb_| "M'H$ma ho Vmgy ~m, AmhV, bmoH$m`{VH$ ^{V
ZmpVH$_V VWm dm_, emVm{X _Vh Am` Jò. Eg| AZoH$ H$magy H$hV
h|&&4&&
naVw ò _V doXgy {^Z h|. Vmgy Ego doX_Vgy {^Z _VH$mo {Z$nU Omo
H$ao h| {VZH$mo IS>Z Vmo doXHo$ ~bgyhr hmo` Om` ho. Vmgy OwXmo IS>Z H$[adoH$mo
`moOZ Zmht ho Ego A{^m`gy doXHo$ {gmV$n d{gmVH$mo {Z$nU
H$aVh|:
VXo d V V - H$mao U
^dVr{V
lw V o a
_V_ &
{$n Mm{n JmdO ko ` gm Ob${nUr&&5&&
_mhm`g ` w V m Z U m go d Vm ^w p V_w p VXm&
_`m X m-_mJ - {d{YZm VWm ~ m@{n ~w Vm_ &&6&&
{gmV_wVmdbr
184
VX=dmo Ed=hr
EVH$maoU=`m H$magy
^d{V=hmo` ho
B{V=Egmo lwVo:=doXH$mo
_V=_V ho M=Amoa
{$n=Xmo $ndmamo
A{n=^r
JmdV=JmOrH$s Vaoh
ko`=OmZZmo
(EH$m=EH$) gm=dmo
Ob${nUr=Ob$ndmar
(Anam=Xygar)
_mhm`g`wVm=_mhm`gy g`wV
_`mXm_mJ{d{YZm=_`mXm_mJu`{d{Ygy
godVm=goddono ZUm=nwfHw$
^wpV-_wpVXm=^moJ-_moj Xo`dodmar
(ApV=ho) VWm=dm Vaohgy
~ A{n=~ h ~wVm_=OmZZmo
^mdmW : dmo Aja~ hr `m OJVH$magm| hmo` ho ò doXH$mo _V ho. Amoa Xmo`

$ndmamo Aja~ h JmH$s Vah OmZZmo. EH$ Jm Ob$n ho; Amoa Xygar
_mhm`g`wV VrW$n Omo _`mXm_mJH$s ar{Vgy godZ H$[adodmao _Zw`ZHw$ ^moJ
Amoa _moj Xododmar ho. Egohr Aja~ h Xmo` H$maH$mo OmZZm|&&5-6&&
{dd{V : Vm{Z _Vm{Z lw{V~boZd {ZamH$Vm{Z gVr{V Zm nmWòZ
{ZamH$aUr`m{Z, d_V{Z$nUoZd {ZamH$aUg^dmV B{V AmeòZ d{gmV_
Amh: VXod B{V. ""g hVmdmZmg'' ""gd IpdX ~ VObmZ'' B`m{Xlw{V`:
VWm B{V AW:. EH$`d Aja` CV {$nd >mVoZ CnnmX`pV {$n_
B{V. nM-VpX^Z$nm`m {$n VX ~ JmdO ko`_. ApV Jm`m
{$nd_. Am{Y^m{VH$ Ob$n_ EH$_, `X dQ>mVnm`m d{-mgm ÔVo
gd `dhma`mo `d M. A{J _ m {Vr`m Am`mp_H$s VrW $nm `
CVObm{deofo@{n _`mXm_mJg~Yr `mo {d{Y VoZ Vd ZmZ-nyOm{X{^:
\$bXm. Ed_od nM-VpX^Z$n_{n EH$_od VX Aja ~ B{V VWm
~wVm_ B{V AW&&5-6&&
Q>rH$m : OmH$mo doX_| {VnmXZ ho gmohr Aja~ Zm_-$nm_mH$ OJVHo$
H$magy hmo` ho. AWmV nMgy {^Z Omo Aja~H$mo d$n D$na H$mo ho
{gmV_wVmdbr
185
gmohr Aja~ `m OJVHo$ $ngy hmo` ho. Oog| JmOrHo$ Am{Y^m{VH$ Amoa
Am`mp_H$ Xmo` $n h|. Vm_| Omo d{>gy ~T>o ho Amoa Yyngy KQ>o ho gmo Ob$n
JmOrH$mo Am{Y^m{VH$ $n ho. Amoa Omo VrW$n ho, OmHo$ _hm`H$mo {Z$nU
em H$ao ho, gmo JmOrH$mo Am`mp_H$ $n ho, Omo _`mXm_mJHo$ {d{Ygy godZ
H$[adodmaoZH$m| ^moJ Amoa _moj XoV ho. BVZo JmOrH$mo VrW$n Omo Am`mp_H$
d$n ho gmoh Jmdmh_|hr ahV ho. Vmgy dmh_|V| Ob ^[aHo$ Xygao Xoe_| bo
Om` gmo Ob_| VmaV` Zmht ho Ob Vmo dmohr ho VWm{n A` dm ObHo$
ZmZm{XH$gy VrWWmZm{XH$H$mo \$b hmo` Egmo H$moC JW_| XrIdo_| Zmht Amdo
ho. `{X dm Obgy VrWZmZm{XH$H$mo \$b hmoVmo hmo` Vmo amOm VWm Amoa `n{V
^VrZH$m| dhm Om`doH$mo `moOZhr Zmht ahVmo. Vmgy dmh_|hr VrWWmZ\$b
{b`mo ho. Vmgm| VrW$n JmOr Ob$ngy {^Z h|. Vog| Aja~ OJX$n
ho Amoa OJVgy {^Zh ho Ego OmZZm|&&5-6&&
A~ Am{YX{dH$ $nH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
V d Xo d Vm_y { V a ^`m `m `Vo d{MV &
Jm`m
M
{deo f U
dmhmô X ~w ò &&7&&
`jm gm Z gd} f m mH$m` `mV V`m Obo &
{d{hVmM \$bmV VX {h Vr`m{n {d{e`Vo &&8&&
V=dhm, Ed=hr
`m=Omo, XodVm_y{V:=Xodrd$n
(gm=dmo) ^`m=^pVgy
Jm`m=Jm_|, {deofoU={deofgy
AôX~w{ hmo`dogy
M=^r, d{MX=H$^r
`Vo=XrIo ho, gm=dmo
gd}fm=g~ZHw$
`jm=`j, Z=Zht
V`m=dmHo$, Obo=Ob_|
mH$m`=Cm_ H$m_Zmgy
`mV=hmodo VX=dmo
{h=Vmo, {d{hVmV=em_| ~Vmò
\$bmV=\$bgy, M=Amoa
Vr`m=Vr{Vgy, A{n=h
{d{e`Vo={deof hmo` ho
{gmV_wVmdbr
186
^mdmW : dm VrW$n Amoa Ob$n Jm_|hr Omo XodVm$n JmH$s _y{V ho

dmo Jm, ^pVHo$ CH$f hmo`dogy Amoa {deof H$[aHo$ OmHw$ dmh Amoa _y{V
_| AôX~w{ hmo` dm ^VHw$hr H$moB g_` Jm_| XrIo ho. dmo Xod_y{V
Jm g~ZHw$ `j Zmht XrIo ho. dm Jmgyhr Ob_| ZmZ, AmM_Z
Am{X Cm_ H$m` H$aZmo {g hmo` ho. H$maUHo$ dmo Ob, em_| H$ho \$bHw$
Xo`dogy Amoa _hm_mZHo$ {ddmggy h A` ObH$s Anojm Cm_ g_`mo
Om` ho&&7-8&&
{dd{V : Am{YX{dH$ $n_ Amh: Vd B{V. CV{$nm`m Jm`m_od XodVm$nm
gm VpX^Zm ApV B{V AW:. V _mZ_ Amh: _y{V B{V. ^`mEd ZVw
_`mXm_mJ{d{YZm CnmgZ`m B{V AW:. VX{n d{MXod=^`woH$Xem`m_od.
AWdm `d{MX=Jhm{Xd{n B{V AW:. ^V{deofo {deof_ Amh: Jm`m_
B{V. XodVm$nm`m Jm`m ^`woHo$U `_mZdmhmX A{^ZdoZ `` ~w{
V_ Jm`m dmh_Èd (XodVm$nm Jm) `jm ^d{V B{V AW:. EVoZ
nM_Èd ^JdXmH$ma-^JdX^V`mo XeZo ^Jd{V Zohm{VeòZ V
^JdXôX~wò V ^JdmH$Q ^d{V B{V ^md: gy`Vo. A{J_`dWm_
Amh: mH$m`_ B{V. dm^r>-dgdd-$nm`m: WmZ^yVdoZ kmZmV VV
Obo gd A{Z{f-`Wo>-`dhma: `mX B{V AW:. Ed_od CVH$maH$^JdXXeZo gd VX^md: \w$a{V B{V ^md:. {d{hVmX B{V. ^`m
JmXeZmZVa dmh$nm`mA{n XeZ {d{hVmV dJmndJ$nmV \$bmV {d{e`Vo
VX {X B{V AW:. `m òfm Z `jm Vofm_{n V`m XodVm$n`m gm V ApV
B{V Vg~YmZw^mdoZd VO Obo mH$m`=H$>H$m_{df`d lm{deofnydH $-ZmZm{X-`dhmamo ^d{V B{V AW:. {H$M nwamUm{Xfw VO ObXeZm{X{^:
\$b `X CV VX AZw^doZ _hVm_ AV:H$aU-Vr`m{n VO Ob_ Aò`mo
Obo`mo {d{e`Vo B{V AW:. Ed òfm {X ^Jdgm{Z` Vo ^Vm Aò`mo
{d{e`Vo. AVEd ""_pb-_X^VOZ-XeZ-neZmMZ_'' B{V
^JdVm CV_&&7-8&&
Q>rH$m : D$na JmOrH$mo Omo Am{Y^m{VH$ Amoa Am`mp_H$ $n H$mo Vm_|hr
{gmV_wVmdbr
187
XodVm$n JmOr {^Z h| gmo _y{m$n h|. BVZo ^r_{nVm_hH$s _mVm Omo ^B
hVr Amoa ^JraW amOmHw$ OmH$mo XeZ ^`mo hVmo gmo JmOrH$s Am{YX{dH$ _y{m
ho. gmo JmOrH$mo d$n ^pVH$[aHo$ Jmma^{V Wb_| AWdm ^pVH$s
A`{YH$ d{ hmo` V~ Jhm{XH$_|h XrId|_| AmdV ho. gmo XodVm$n JmOr
dmhgy {^Z Zmht h| Egr OmH$s ~w{ ho VmH$m| dmh_|hr XodVm$n JmOr
`j hmo` h|. VmH$[aHo$ Ego AôX~w{dmaoH$mo {Z{f Zmht Egmo ~hmoV `dhma
dm Ob_| hmo` ho. Eg| hr OJV_|hr ^JdmZHo$ d$n VWm ^JdX^V_| {deof
Zoh O~ hmo` V~ ""ò ^JdmZgy {^Z Zmht h|'' Egr OmH$s ~w{ ^B hmo`
VmHo${bò ^JdmZ H$Q> hmo` h|. V~ AnZo BpN>V ^wH$mo ò WmZ ho Egmo kmZ
hmo` V~ gdWb_| ^JdX^md \w$am`_mZ hmo` ho. BVZo Vogr ^pV H$[aHo$
JmOrH$mo XeZ ^`mo VmnrN>o- dJ Amoa _moj $n \$b em_| H$ho h| Vmgyh
Amoa Vr{V H$[aHo$h -dmh$nH$mo XeZ dmH$m| {deof Om{Zdo_| AmdV ho. Vog|
OJV_| ^JdmZH$mo gmjmH$ma ^ò nrN>o km{ZH$mo \$b _moj ho. Vmgyhr (OJV_|)
gd ^JdmZH$mo ò A{Y>mZ ho Egmo kmZ {deof ho Ego Om{Zdo_| AmdV ho. V~
gd A{Z{f BN>mZwHy$b `dhma hmo` ho&&7-8&&
1
Ob-2VrW-3Xodr$nm JmH$s ZmB ~Ho$h Am{Y^m{VH$, Am`mp_H$

VWm Am{YX{dH$ VrZ $n h| gmo H$hV h|:
`Wm Ob VWm gd `Wm eVm VWm ~ h V &
`Wm Xo d r VWm H $ Ug Vmò V X Bhmo `Vo &&9&&
`Wm=Oogo, Ob=Ob
(~ gdeV=gd g_W Aja~)
VWm=Vog|. gd=g~
`Wm=Oogo, Xodr=Xodr(Jm)
`Wm=Oogo, eVm=epV_mZ
VWm=Vog|, H$U:=lrH$U(na~)
(Jm n{drH$V=nmdZH$mar JmOr) Vm{n=dm_|h, Bh=`hm
VWm=Vog|, ~hV={demb
EVX=ò, C`Vo=H$hoh|
{gmV_wVmdbr
188
OJV Vw {{dY mo V ~ -{dUw - {edmg VV:&&

Xo d Vm-$ndV - mo Vm ~ UrW h[aa _V:&&10&&
OJV=OJV Vw=Vmo
moV=H$mo ho
VV:=Vmgy
~{dUw{edm:=~m-{dUw-{ed
XodVm$ndV=XodVm$ngm|
{{dY=VrZH$maH$mo
moVm:=H$ho h|
BW=`m H$magy
~{U=~_| h[a=lrH$U
_V:=_mZoJò h|
^mdmW : Vmgy Oog| g>moM-{dH$mgr JmH$mo Ob ho Vog|hr `h OJX$n ~

h Am{d^md-{Vamo^md Y_dmamo ho. Amoa Oog| n{d H$[adodmar gm_`$n Jm
ho Vog| gdepV_mZ Aja~ ho. VWm Oog| Am{YX{dH$ Xodr$n Jm ho dog|hr
na~ lrH$U h Am{YX{dH$ d$n h|. Vm_|h `hm BVZmo Amoa H$mo Om` ho
(`m JmOrHo$ >mVgy ò g_PZmo Ho$ JmHo$ Ob_| Amoa lrJmOr_| `{n ôX
Zmht ho VWm{n dm Ob_| `{X VrW~w{ Z hmo` Vmo ZmZm{X H$[ado_|h \$b Zmht
hmoV ho. Vog| OJV_| Amoa ~_| `{n ôX Zmht ho VmoC OJV_| OmH$s ~~w{
Zmht ho Egmo Omo `mH$s CnmgZm H$ao Vmo ~monmgZmH$mo \$b hmoV Zmht. Vmgy Omo
bmoJ H$ho h| Ho$ Omo ""OJV ~hr hmo` Vmo h_ AnZr rgy Zoh H$ao h| dmH$mo
\$bh ~monmgZmHo$ \$bHo$ Oogmo {_bZmo M{hò'' ò e>m Xya ^B) OJV Vmo
gdm{X JwUZHo$ ôXgy VrZ H$maH$mo ho, Vmgy dm OJVHo$ A{Y>mVm ~m, {dUw
Amoa {ed bmoH$_| Cnm` XodVm H$ho h|. Amoa Aja~_| lrH$Uhr go` XodVm
_mZo h|. AWmV ~kmZr _wV OrdHw$ Ôdo bm`H$ Vmo lrH$U h|&&9-10&&
{dd{V : (Ed 1>mV-Xm>mpVH$`mo: gmY` {Z$` CV_ AW n>`pV
`Wm Ob_ B`m{XZm. Vm{n B{V gmY`}{n. EVX B{V {H$pMmmaV`_.
Bh=nM$no >mVo, {{dYdm^mdmX AV C`Vo.) OJmw B{V {{dY
{JwUm_H$ {d^mddoZ H$Q>, (VweXoZ Obo VWmd `md{VV_.
VV=V_moVmo: OJ{V B{V dm, $ndX`Wm OJVmo $n {{dY VWm V`
{gmV_wVmdbr
189
{{dYmZm XodVm=Cnm`m: ~mX`: `: moVm:=VV-VV emo {Z${nVm:.

XodVm B{V r{b`moJmV Vofm_ AdmV` mo{VV_) VoZ VXJwU{Z`m_H$doZ
~mX`mo ^JdVd H$Vm B{V AW:. (Vo Vw mH$VmZm_od {Z`m_H$m ZVw km{ZZm_nr{V
Amh: ~UrW_ B{V) ~H$$n_ B{V VpZ>mZm {Z`m_H$mo h[aaod&&910&&
Q>rH$m : Oog| JmOrH$mo dmh$n Ob ho Vog| ò g~ OJV ho. Oog| (nmn
{_Q>m`do_| VWm \$b Xod_|) g_W VrW$n JmOr h| Vog| Aja~ ho. Amoa Oog|
_y{Vdmar JmOr Xodr h| Vog| lrH$U h|.
BVZo JmOrH$mo XeZ {OZH$m| ^`mo hmo` {VZH$m| dm{hV hmoVmo Ob hr
JmOrH$mo WmZ ho Egmo kmZ hmo` ho Vmgy A{Z{f BN>mZwgma `dhma hmo` ho.
Amoa VrWHo$ XeZ_| A`gy A{YH$nZoH$mo kmZh hmoV ho. Vog|B ^Jdd$n VWm
Jw$ ^{V H$[aHo$ {OZH$m| OJV_| ^JdmZHo$ XeZ ^ò h| {VZH$m| g~ OJV_|
m{U_m_| ^JdX^mdH$s \y${V hmo` ho. Amoa Aja~_| kmZrZHo$ _mojgyh
A{YH$ ^JdX^mdnZoH$mo kmZ hmo` ò \$b hmo` ho. Amoa {OZH$mo JmOrH$mo XeZ
Zmht ^`mo ho n[a Amn lmdmao h| do Ob_| lmg{hV ZmZm{X`dhma H$ao h|
Amoa VrWH$[aHo$ Ob_| A`gy A{YH$VmH$mo kmZ$n \$b H$_gy hmo` ho. `m hr
H$magm| OJV_| ^JdmZHo$ XeZ {OZH$m| Zmht ^ò h| Amoa Amn lmdmao h|
{VZH$m| ^JdmZHo$ d$nm{XH$Z_| lmnydH$ godm{X`dhma hmo` h|. Amoa kmZrZHo$
_mojgy A{YH$nZogy Aja~_| ^JdmZHo$ Ym_nZoH$mo namoj kmZ hmo` ho. Vm_|
Am{YX{dH$Ho$ >mVHo$ {dMma_|h `m {gmV_| `h H$mo Om` ho Omo OJV Vmo
{JwUm_H$ H$mo ho. `m| Omo VrZ d^mddmamo H$Q> ^`mo ho. Vmgy, Aja~Ho$
Ae$n ~m, {dUw Amoa {ed ò VrZm| VrZ JwUHo$ {Z`m_H$ ^JdmZZo {H$ò h|.
gmo Hy$_nwamUm{XH$Z_| Am{YX{dH$nZogy H$ho h|. naVw ^JdmZZohr Am{YX{dH$
Oogo {H$ò h| Vmgy ^JdmZ EH$hr {Z`m_H$ h|. {JwUm_H$ OJVHo$ {Z`m_H$ Oog|
{JwUm{^_mZr ~m{XH$ VrZm|ZHw$ ^JdmZZo {H$ò h| Vog| Aja~_| {Z`m_H$
^JdmZ hr h| Eg| `wpV H$[aHo$ {ZM` {H$`mo ho&&9-10&&
{deof: 1.JmOrHo$ >mVgy Egmo {g ^`mo Omo VrW$nH$s CnmgZmgy Omo
{gmV_wVmdbr
190
\$b hmo` ho gmo Ob$nH$s CnmgZmgy Zmht hmo` ho Vog| Aja~H$s CnmgZmgy
Omo \$b hmo` ho gmo OJVH$s CnmgZmgy hmoV Zmht.
JmOrHo$ >mVgy Egmo {g ^`mo Omo Ob$n VWm VrW$n H$mo _m
{Z`m_H$nZmo Oog| Xodr$n JmOrHw$ ho naVw ^VZH$m| AmnV| \$b XodonZmo Zmht
ho Vog|hr lrH$Ugyh ^`mo. V~ {dZH$s godmH$mo CnXoe `m| H$amo hmo? Ego
H$mhH$mo e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
H$m_MmaVw bmo H o $ @p_Z ~ m{X`mo Z Mm@`Wm&&
na_mZX$no Vw H $ Uo dm_{Z {ZM`:&&11&&
Ap_Z=`m, bmoHo$=bmoH$_|
H$m_Mma:=^moJ, Vw=Vmo
~m{X`:=~m Am{XZgy
(^d{V=hmo` ho)M=naVw
A`Wm=Amoa H$moB H$magy, Z=Zht
dm_{Z=Am_mHo$ {df`_|
Vw=Vmo, na_mX$no=na_mZX
H$Uo=H$U_|
{ZM`:={ZpMV
(^d{V=hmodo ho)
Xwb^ Hw$VVam ÔZ_ B{V ^md:. ""^`m `m `Vo d{MX'' B{V nyd_
CVdmV ""^`mh_oH$`m Jm'' (^mJ.nwam.11&14&21) B{V
^wdMZmV M).
Q>rH$m : {OVZo Ord h| {VZ_ogy Om OrdH$mo Om H$magy Cma H$[adoH$s ^yZH$s
BN>m hmo` ho dm H$maHo$ Jw$ZHo$ CnXoem{XH$Zgy A{dm$n Cnm{YH$mo Zme
hmo` V~ Zm_-$n g{hV (OS>-Ordm_H$) g~ OJV Aja~$n ho Egmo
kmZ hmo` ho. V~ JmOrHo$ Vrano a{hdodmamo JmOrH$mo ^V ^pVH$s A{YH$Vmgy
Oog| Jmdmh_|hr _y{V$n JmOrH$mo XeZ H$ao ho Vog| OJV VWm AnZo
Am_mHw$ Aja~m_H$ Om{Zdodmamo kmZr AnZo_| na~$n lrH$UHw$ XoIo ho.
`m| Omo Aja~ ho gmo nw$fmom_H$mo {ZdmgWmZ ho Vmgy {ZdmgWmZ$n
Aja~Ho$ kmZgy Vm_| a{hdodmao nwfmom_H$mo XeZ ghO_| hmo` ho&&13&&
Omo godmH$mo T> AmJhr Z hmo` Amoa bm{H$H$ BN>mdmamo hmo` dmHw$ H$hm
\$b hmo` gmo {bIo h|:
g g mar `Vw ÔVo g Xy a Wmo `Wm VWm&&14&&
Ano { jV-ObmXrZm_ A^mdV V Xw : I^mH $ &&
AVVw ~dmXoZ H$Uo ~w{a {dYr`Vm_&

~Y_m: B{V ~moYZmW M. Cnm{YZmeo B{V. Vofm _ò ` Ord òZ H$maoU
^w CX{XYrfw ^d{V VH$maH$-Jw$nXoem{X{^ A{dmbjUmonmYo
~m_H$dmd~moYZ-{V~YH$` A{dm_H$` Zmeo ~m_H$dmd~moYZbjUo {dkmZo AZw^do gnZo nwfmom_m{d^md-`mo`Vm OmVo B{V Vp_Z OmVo
dm_{Z V H$f}U n`{V B{V AW:. V` gdd$nmo h[aaodo{V Z VX{V[aV_
AnojVo. ÔZmon`mo`Wmnojm`m_{n ^wUd gd gnVo{V Z H$Xm{MV Xw:Ir
^d{V. EVO kmnZmW >mV:. (JmVrapWVmo B{V. `X `Wm JmVrapWV
V dmh_ò XodVm_ Am{YX{dH$s Vm n`{V, VWm kmZr dp_Z Am_{Z na
~ H$U n`{V, na ^`m B{V {deof: C^` kmV`:. VX^mdoVw XeZ_{n
{gmV_wVmdbr
191
`Wm=Oogo
XyaW:=Xya amo ^`mo
Ano{jVObmXrZm=Ano{jVOb
Am{XH$Ho$
A^mdmV=A^mdgy
V=dhm
Xw:I^mH$=XwIH$mo ^mJr
(^d{V=hm` ho)
VWm=Vog|, `:=Omo
ggmar=ggma_| amo ^`mo
Vw=Vmo(lrH$U=lrH$UHw$)
ÔVo=Ôo ho, g:=dmo
(XeZm^mdmV=XeZHo$A^md_|)
Xw:I^mH$=XwIH$mo ^mJr
(^d{V=hmo` ho)
{gmV_wVmdbr
192
^mdmW : Oog| Jmgm| Xya pWV _Zw`, BpN>V Ob Amoa XeZ Ho$ Z hmo`dogm|
dhm Xw:Ir hmo` ho, Vog|hr Omo AhVm-__Vm_| ~`mo Ord H$UH$moh ÔZ H$ao
Vmo dmo ^JdXXeZ Z hmo`dogm| Ho$db Xw:Ir hmo` ho.
{dd{V : (ZZw CV-H$maH$-kmZm^mdo@{n bmoHo$ ÔZ `Vo VV H$W_?
B{V Anojm`m_ Amh: ggmar B{V.) `Vw nMmgVmo Jw$nXoe_moU ÔVo,
ggma-{Zd{m-hoVw d kmdm ÔVo, ZVw ~^mdgn`m, nw$fmom_m{d^mdm^mdmV,
gVw JmVmo XyaWmo `Wm Vm ÔVo, V Ano{jV-VObmm`m Xw:Ir ^d{V,
VWm A` ^pV_mJWB{V gmjmV-d$n-g~`Wmnj
o m`m VXm`m boe^mJ
^d{V B{V AW:. VWm{n Z g ÔZ Ò{V, ArH$mam^mo:. AZrH$maoVw
_ò ÔZ{V~Yo@{n H$V-ÔZ-d``mg^dmV O_mVao VV \${b`{V
B{V ko`_.
Q>rH$m : "ggmar' BVZo OmH$s AhVm-__Vm Ny>Q>r Zmht ho Egmo `{X ^wH$mo
ÔZ H$ao ho, gmo Oog| JmOrV| Xya amo hmo` VmHw$ BpN>V Ob ^{VH$mo A^md
hmo` Vmgy Xw:Ihr ^wJVo ho Vog| Amn (ggman{VV) ^pV_mJ_| amo hmo` VmHw$
gmjmV d$ng~Yr AWH$s Anojm hmo` Amoa {_bo Zmht V~ boe ^wJVo ho.
VWm{n `{X dmH$s godmH$mo ^yZZ| ArH$ma {H$`mo hmo` Vmo dmo ÔZHw$ N>moS>o Zmht
ho Amoa H$mbmVa_| ^w dmH$s ggmamgpV Nw>S>m` Xodo h|. Amoa `{X ^yZZ| dmH$s
godmH$mo ArH$ma {H$`mo Z hmo` Vmo ~rM_| {V~Y hmo`. Vmoh Omo ÔZ {H$`mo
ho gmo Vmo H$~h `W hmo` Zmht. Vmgy O_mVa_| \$b hmo` ho&&14&&
{Znm{YH$ ^mdV| ^Jdgodm H$adodmaoZHw$ CnXoe XoV h|:

V_mV lrH$U-_mJWmo {d_wV: gdbmoH$V:&&15&&
Am_mZX-g_w W
H $ U_o d
{d{MVò V &&
{gmV_wVmdbr
193
V_mV=Vmgy
lrH$U_mJW:=lrH$UHo$ _mJ_| amo ^`mo
gdbmoH$V:=g^r bmoH$gy
{d_wV:={deof H$[aHo$ _wV hmo` (gZ=hmo`Ho$)
Am_mZXg_wW=Am_mZX${n g_w_| aho ^ò
H$U=lrH$UH$mo
Ed=hr
{d{MVòV={deof$ngm| {MVZ H$ao.
^mdmW : Vmgm| lr^Jd_mJ_| a{hdodmamo nwf Vmo AhVm-__Vm$n ggmagy
AbJ ahVmo, {ZO AmZXg_w_| {dhma H$aVo lrH$UH$mohr _aU H$ao. AWmV
bm{H$H$ BN>mZH$mo n[a`mJ H$aHo$ Ho$db ^wgodm H$ao.
{dd{V : (VoZ dmh^pV_mJu` A` {Z${nV:, A`Wm _ò AZrH$ma:
VoZ ÔZ-{V~Ym{XH$ Z `mV. ZZw nw{>_mJ n[a`` qH$ VH$WZoZ B{V
AmeL` Amh: V_mX B{V. `_mV dmhW^Vo@{n Ed_ ArH$ma: ^mo:
`V O_mVao@{n V Z Ò{V. V_mX hoVmo: lrH$U_mJW: nw{>_mJW
gdbmoH$Vmo@{n _wVmo {^Zmo {d{e>: M B{V AW:. "gd'nXmV km{ZV:,
mdm{hH$^VV: H$_w{VH$`mòZ gmYmaUbmoH$V: M B{V ko`_. km{ZZ:
ggmam^mdmV ggm[aUmo kmZm^mdoZ Xw:I^md_. nw{>_mJ` Bd ^wd$n
kmdm gdd{ZdoXZnydH$ gdm_^mdoZ ÔZ dZo{n Xwb^_. nw{>_mJu``
dZwJhH$-{Z``dmV gdV: CnnV B{V VVmo d{eQ>_. EVmdV gd
lrH$U_mJW: nXoZ mo{VV_. AV: gd_ AdXmV_. ZZw {dmm^mdo
nw{>_mJu``m{n ÔZmg^do Xw:{IdmV H$W_ CVd{eQ>_? B{V Anojm`m_
Amh:) Am_mZXg_wW_ B{V. "lrH$U'nXmV nw{>_mJu`-^V-H${Q>V{Zad`mZXofw {dhaV_ B{V AW:. VoVw dOaZm_H$m B{V __{V:. g AmZXmo
^Jdd$nm_H$ VXXmEd. AV "Am_'nX ^Jdna_.
Q>rH$m : AhVm-__Vm_H$ ggma`wV ÔZ H$aV h| gmo boe ^wJVo h| Eg|
{gmV_wVmdbr
194
Cna H$mo ho. Vmgy lrH$UH$mo _mJ Omo nw{>_mJ ho Vm_| Omo amo ho Amoa
gdbmoH$gy {d_wV ho gmo Am_mHo$ AmZX$n g_w_| aho Ego lrH$UH$mo{h
{MVZ H$ao. Bhm lrH$UH$mo{h {MVZ H$[adoH$mo {b`mo ho VmH$mo A{^m` Egmo
ho Omo nw{>_mJu` ^VZH$m| {Zad{Y AmZX Ohm H$Q> hmo` Vhm {dhma
H$[adodmaoH$mo {MVZ H$aZmo. BVZo dO^VZ_| {dhma H$[adodmao lrH$UH$mo
{MVZ H$[adoV| dO^VZH$sgr ZmB bm{H$H$_|Vo _Zmod{m {ZH${gHo$
lrH$U_|{h bJo&&15&&
bm{H$H$ H$m_ZmZH$s ny{V H$[adoH$o Xw>^mdgm| ^JdXÔZ_| dm hmo`dodmaoH$mo
\$b H$hV h|:
bmoH$mWu MoX ÔoV H$U pb>mo ^d{V gdWm&&16&&
pb> m o @ {n Mo X Ôo V H $ U bmo H $mo Z`{V gd W m&&
(`:=Omo) bmoH$mWu=bmoH$mWu
(gZ=hmo`Ho$)MoV=Omo
H$U=lrH$UH$mo, ÔoV=Ôo
(V{h=Vmo, g:=dmo)
gdWm=g~ Vaohgy
pb>:=boedmamo,^d{V=hmo` ho
pb>:=boedmamo
A{n=^r (OZ:=bmoJ)
MoV=Omo, H$U=lrH$UHw$
ÔoV=Ôo(V`=dmH$mo)
bmoH$:=bmoH$, gdWm=g~ Vaohgy
Z`{V=Z> hmodo ho
^mdmW : Omo nwf bm{H$H$ H$m_ZmZHo$ `moOZgy H$Xm{MV lrH$UH$s godm

H$ao Vmo dmo g~ Vahgy boe nmdo ho. Amoa boe ghZ H$aVmoh nwf `{X
^JdXÔZ H$ao Om` Vmo dmH$mo g~ Vaohgm| AhVm-__Vm$n ggma Xya hmo`
ho&&16&&
{dd{V : (~{hag^do@{n AVaod ÔoV. AVmo Z CVmZwnn{m: B{V ^md:.
ZZw H$pMV Or{dH$mW_{n ÔVo V` H$m J{V? B`V Amh: bmoH$mWu
{gmV_wVmdbr
195
B{V. "bmoH$'nXoZ bm{H$H$ AW: C`Vo, VXWu MoV H$U ÔoV VXm `mnmadX
AW} {go, V`m{n AZW$ndoZ, VH$VÔZ` ^pVdm^mdmV, VH$V gd
boe$n_od. AV: pb>mo ^d{V B{V AW:. Z Ho$db_ Eo{hH$: boe: {H$Vw
nabmoH$mo{n Z`{V, {Z{fmMaUm{X{V gdWm B{V CV_. `` dn_{n
kmZ_ g Z Ed H$amo{V, gdWm VX a{hV: H$pMX Ed Hw$`mX{n! B{V MoX B{V
CV_. A _ybZm_mopV ÔZH$Vw: A{^mòU, A`Wm VXg^dmV. V{h
bmoH$m{Wdm^mdo{n VX a{hV` ÔZmg^dmV H$mo {deof? B`V Amh:
pb>mo{n B{V. bm{H$H$mWm^mdoZ pb>mo{n JrVm`m Zd_o A`mò ""n nwn
\$b Vmo`_'' (^J.JrVm9&26) B{V dMZmV H$U MoV ÔoV, VXm `Wmg^d
ÔZ_ AWmXod {g`{V, na bmoH$mo Z`{V. bm{H$H$ Z {g`{V, ZVw pWV
Z`{V, ÔZ{gm Z VmdVm H$m{n hm{Z B{V ^md:. ^JdV VWm BN>o{V
gdWm B{V {Z${nV_. MoX B{V VWm ÔZ_ Ae`_ B{V kmnZm`)&&16&&
Q>rH$m : bm{H$H$ AWH$s BN>m am{IHo$ Omo ^JdXÔZ_| dm hmo` ho gmo
gdWm boe nmdo ho. BVZo H$Nw> bm^Ho${bò nyOm{XH$_| dm hmo` gmo Vmo
"nmIS>r' Amoa "XodbH$' H$mo Om` ho. Vmgy bm^-nyOmW`Z {gdm` Om_|
{ZfoY Zmht ho Egr arVgy ""_oamo bm{H$H$ {g hmo`'' Egr BN>mgy Omo ÔZ_|
dm ^`mo hmo` gmo "bmoH$mWu' H$mo Om` ho. gmo lrH$UH$mo ÔZ H$ao V~
dmHo$Cna ^yZH$m| AZwJh hmo`. Vmgy bm{H$H$_|Vo AmgpV Nw>S>m`doHo${bò ^w
dmH$s Cnojm H$a| V~ g~ H$magy boeHw$ mV hmo` Amoa boeHw$ mV hmoVmo
^`moh lrH$UHw$ Omo ÔVmo aho ho VmH$mo ^rVa VWm ~m{ha H$mo bm{H$H$ AmJh
Z> hmoÒm` ho.
ggmar Omo Ôo ho VmH$s `dWm W_ {bIr ho. Vm_| VrZ ôX h|. W_
Vmo ggmaH$s {Zd{mH$s BN>mdmamo, Xygamo bm{H$H$ BN>m`wV n[a godmH$mo
AmJhr; Amoa Vrgamo godmH$mo AZmJhr Ego VrZHo$ \$b `hm VmB H$ho&&16&&
AnZmo d$n VWm ^JdmZH$mo d$n Zmht Om{Zdodmao ^Vh nw{> Amoa
_`mXm Ho$ ôXgy Xmo` H$maHo$ hmoV h| {dZ XmoD$ZH$mo {Mm M#mb Z hmo`doHo${bò
H$hV h|:
{gmV_wVmdbr
196
kmZm@^mdo nw { >_mJu {V>o V ny O mo gdm{Xfw &&17&&

_`m X mWVw
Jm`m
lr^mJdVna:&
AZw J h : nw { >_mJ} {Z`m_H$ B{V pW{V:&&18&&
nw{>_mJu=nw{>_mJ_| amo ^`mo
kmZm^mdo=kmZHo$ A^md_|
lr^mJdVVna:=lr^mJdV namÙ
(gZ=hmo`Ho$)
nyOmogdm{Xfw=nyOm-Cgdm{X_|
{V>oV=aho
_`mXmW:=_`mXm_|amo^`mo
Vw=Vmo, kmZm^mdo=kmZHo$ A^md_|

lr^mJdVVna:=lr^mJdVnamÙ
(gZ=hmo`Ho$)Jm`m=JmOrno
{V>oV=aho nw{>_mJ}=nw{>_mJ_|
AZwJh:=H$nm, {Z`m_H$:={Z`m_H$ ho
B{V=`m mH$maH$s
pW{V:=pW{V(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : nw{>_mJu` ^V kmZHo$ A^md_| AWmV AnZo d$n Amoa ^Jdd$n

H$mo kmZ Z hmo` Vmo, lr^mJdV_| Vna ahVmo EH$mXeH$Y_| H$hr nyOmH$s ar{V
Amoa ndZ _| AZoH$ Cgd Ohm hmoVo hm|` dhm aho. Amoa _`mXm_mJu` ^V Vmo
kmZHo$ A^md_| lr^mJdV_| Vna ahVmo lrJmVQ>no aho. AZwJh_mJ_| ^JdmZH$mo
AZwJhhr WmZ Am{XH$mo {Z`_ H$[adodmamo ho `h ^Jd_mJH$s _`mXm ho.
{dd{V : dd$nkmZ-^wd$n-kmZm^mddmZ ^Vmo@{n nw{>-_`mXmôXoZ
{{dY:. C^`mo {MmMmM`m^mdm` Amh: kmZm^mdo B{V.
(nw{>_mJu nyOmogdm{Xfw {V>oV, nw{>-nw{>_mJ} "nyOm'nX V` kmZm^mdmV
W_d`{^mòU CV_. _Zg VpZ>Vm`m H${V AWmXod {g`Vr{V ""VV
Hw$`mX'' B{V AZwdm ""V {V>oX'' B{V CV_. _`mXm`m H$mamVa_ Amh:
_`mXmW B{V. Jm`m Jmg_rno lr^mJdVVna {V>oX B{V nyd}U g~Y:.
C^`mo A`VaY_`md`W Vw eX:. V ôXH$ {H$_? B{V AmH$mL>jm`m)
{gmV_wVmdbr
197
nw{>_mJuò {deof_ Amh: AZwJh: B{V. V` pWVm Z Xoe{Z`_:, {H$Vw ^w

AZwJ `d `Wm Wmn`{V Vd {V>{V VWm. V` {d{Y Z {Z`m_H$: B{V
^md:.
Q>rH$m : AnZo d$nH$mo VWm ^JdmZHo$ d$nH$mo kmZ Z hmo` Vmoh nw{>_mJu`
^V lr^mJdV_| Vna hmo`Ho$ nyOm VWm Cgdm{XH$Z_| aho. BVZo lr^mJdV
EH$mXeH$YHo$ CZrg_| A`m`_| lrH$UZo CdOrH$m| AnZo Y_ H$ho h| Omo
""_oamo _aU H$ao, g~ H$m` _oao{bò H$ao, _oar A_V$n H$Wm_| lm amIo''
{VZ_| aho. Amoa _`mXm_mJu` ^V Vmo ^JdmZHo$ MaUaOHo$ g~Ydmar
JmOr_| lr^mJdV_| Vna hmo`Ho$ aho. BVZo Ohm nar{jVHw$ VWm {dXwaOrHw$
lr^mJdVV| {g{ ^B ho Vhm aho. Amoa nw{>_mJu` ^VZH$m| a{hdo_| XoeH$mo
{Z`_ Zmht ho. Ohm ^w AZwJh H$[aHo$ amI| Vhm aho. BVZo Ohm a{hHo$
^JdXÔZm{XH$_| AmN>r arVgy d{m aho Vm_| {V~Ym{XH$ H$Nw> Z Amdo Vhm
aho&&17-18&&
_`mXm_mJu` kmZr Amoa ^V hmo` {VZHo$ Cna ^w {deof AZwJh H$a| Vmo
_`mXm_mJu` kmZr VWm ^V ò XmoD$ nw{>_mJHw$ mV hmo`Ho$ nw{>^pVHw$ mV
hmo` h| gmo H$hV h|:
C^`mo Vw
H $ _o U d
ny d m} V d
\${b`{V&
kmZm{YH$mo ^pV_mJ Ed V_mZ {Z${nV:&&19&&
C^`mo:=XmoZmoZHw$
(`V:=`m|)^pV_mJ:=^pV_mJ
Vw=Vmo, H$_oU=H$_gy, Ed=hr
kmZm{YH$:=kmZgy A{YH$ ho
nydm}Vm=n{hbo H$hr^`r
V_mV=`mgy, Ed=`m H$magy
Ed=hr, \${b`{V=\${bV hmo`Jr {Z${nV:={Z$nU {H$`m
^mdmW : _`mXm_mJu` Amoa nw{>_mJu` ^VZHw$ H$_gy nyd_| H$hr _mZgr
godmhr mV hmo`Jr. ôX BVZmohr ho Ho$ _`mXm_mJu`Hw$ AZwJh_mJ_| Am`dogy
mV hmo`Jr. `m|{H$ ""boemo{YH$Vag Vofm'' (^J.JrVm12&5) B`m{X
{gmV_wVmdbr
198
dMZZgm| `h {g ho. Amoa AVEd ^pV_mJ kmZ_mJgy A{YH$ ho Vmgyht Egmo

{Z$nU {H$`mo ho.
{dd{V : _`mXmWmd{n km{Z^Vm MoX AZwJm{V {deofV:, VXm AmXm
nw{>_mJ m` V_mJu`m ^pV mZwV B{V Amh: C^`mo B{V. `{X _`mXm`m_od
ArH$ma:, VXm C^`mo _wpVaod \${b`{V B{V Ame`:. Ed {Z$nUo Vmn`_
Amh: kmZm{YH$ B{V. bmoHo$ AYwZm ^Voa{n kmZ \$b, V` _wpVaod B{V
gd} dXpV. V kmZ {h ~m_`kmZ_. ~ M Ajam_H$_, VXm_H$doZ
gdkmZ M. EVmdVm{n nwfmom_g~YVw XyaVa:, V` AjamVrVdmV. AVEd
AOwZoZ nwfmom_mjaÔZ`mo VmaV` n>: dÔZ Am{Y`_ Amh JrVmgw
mXeo@`mò. Jm`m M jamja-nwfmom_-VmaV`>mV: n>. Z {h Xodr
VrWmp_H$m Obmp_H$m dm, {H$Vw ObEd VrWm_H$d OmZZ kmZr ^d{V.
VXVrV-XodVm_H$-XeZo ^Vd_. Z {h ^`m XodVm>g_: nydm} ^d{V.
AVEd nwfmom_ _m OmZZ _m_od gd^mdoZ Ô{V B{V ""`mo _m_od_g_yT>:''
B{V CnH$` ""Ô{V _m gd^mdoZ'' (^J.JrVm15&19) B{V ^w CVdmZ.
AVmo kmZ_mJu``m{n nwfmom_{dXmo{n ^pV{Z>d \$b_ B{V {H$_ BVmo A{YH$
dm`_, AZoH$_mU{gdmX B{V {dpX^ ko`_. F$doXo{n nR>Vo ""V_w
VmoVma: ny` `Wm{dX F$V` J^ OZwfm {nnVZ, Am` OmZVmo Zm_
{M{dVZ _hVo {dUmo gw_qV Ôm_ho'' "ho VmoVmamo!' ^JdXwH$fdUZnam:
"ny`' gdH$maUH$maU$n V bmoH$doX{g nwfmom_ ^dVmo `WmdX {dXpV
Vd$n{_{V VWm^yVm: "F$V`' gyZVdmUr$n` doX` J^$n_. dmoXaW
doX {dd{hVmW ~U: Cn{X>dm{Z{V VWm. "OZwfm' dO_Zd gnyU}Z, ZVw
jU`m__moU. "{nnVZ' ny{V`wV gVw> Hw$V. A `Wm{ddmo`m nyUkmZmZm
Xohop`-mUmV:H$aU-OrdmZ VXW_od VXÔZmW_od Cn`wVmZ Hw$V B{V
^pV_mJ} {d{Z`moJ_ Cn{Xe{V. VoZ \w$Q>_do kmZ_mJmX ^pV_mJ` Am{Y`_
AdJ`Vo. ^`m {dZm Z H$mo{n nwfmW: {g`{V B{V XòZ Amh AJo
Xohm{X-gd-{d{Z`moJmeVm Amg_VmO OmZVmo AIS>-eX-~$n, ZVw
bm{H$H$eX$n_ B{V. Zm_d$n OmZV VXod "{ddVZ' {deofoU dXVw.
A{YH$-_mhm`mkmZo Zm__m_ CV H$sV`Vw. EVoZd ^Jdd$nV_mhm`m{XH$ kmV ^{d`{V B{V AmeòZ Amh Zm_d$n_ "{MX'B{V.
{gmV_wVmdbr
199
"{MX' B{V CnbjU_. gpMXmZXm_H$_ B{V AW:. Zm_d$nmkmZo VXwnXo> Jw$ng{m: H$m`m B{V AmeòZ Amh "_hVo' B`m{X. "Vo' dg~pYZ
"gw_qV' {ZXm}fnyUJwUdoZ ^dV OmZV ^JdX^V Ôm_ho. g M dVoOgm
namkmZ{ZamgH$: B{V Amh "_h:' B{V. VoOmo$n_ B{V AW:. d{X gXm
lrH$UmH$QoZ Cgdm_H$_ B{V dm. EVoZ km{ZZm ^pV_mJdoeEd Cn{X>mo
^d{V. Ed_od ""V{Umo:'' ""V{mg:'' B`m{Xlw{Vgh {ZJV B{V
gwy>V kmZ_mJmX A{YH$mo ^pV_mJ: B{V&&17-19&&
Q>rH$m : _`mXm_mJu` kmZr VWm _`mXm_mJu` ^V hm|` {dZH$mo nw{>_mJ_|
ArH$ma hmo`Jmo Vmo H$_gy _mZgr godmH$mo \$b {_boJmo Amoa `{X _`mXm_|
ArH$ma hmo`Jmo Vmo gm`w`_wpV {_boJr. Eg| ^pV_mJ ho gmo lrnwfmom_H$s
mpV H$[adodmamo ho Vmgy kmZ_mJgy Cm_ ho gmo JmOrHo$ >mVgy {Z$nU
{H$`mo ho.
BVZo bmoH$_| {H$VZoH$ H$hV h| Omo ^pVgy kmZ {_bo Amoa kmZgy _wpV
{_bo. naVw Am_m VWm Aja~ H$s EH$VmH$mo kmZ VWm g~ OJV Aja~$n
ho Ego OmZZmo gmo "kmZ' H$mo Om` ho. gmo kmZ hmo` Vmoh lrnwfmom_H$mo g~Y
Vmo A{VXya aho ho. `m| Omo lrnwfmom_ Vmo AjamVrV ho. Vmgy{h JrVmOrHo$ ~ma_|
A`m`_| {b`mo ho Omo AjaH$s CnmgZmdmaoZH$m| boe A{YH$ hmo` ho; Amoa
""Omo g~ H$_ZH$m| _oao_| AnU H$[aHo$ _oao namÙ hmo`Ho$ _oar CnmgZm H$aV h|
{VZH$mo Cma _| erK{h H$$h'' Eg| lrH$UZ| H$mo ho. Vmgy kmZgy A{YH$
^pV _mJ ho&&19&&
JmOrH$mo >mV {X`mo ho VmH$mo Xygamo Vmn` H$hV h|:
^`^mdo V w VraWmo `Wm Xw > : dH$_ { ^:&&
A`Wm^md_ AmnZg V_mV WmZmM Z`{V&&20&&
`Wm=Oogo
AmnZ: gZ=mV hmo`Ho$

{gmV_wVmdbr
200
VraW:=Vrano amo^`mo
^`^mdo=^pVHo$ A^md_|
Vw=Vmo, Xw>:=Xw>
dH$_{^:=IwXHo$ H$_Zgy
A`Wm^md_=A`Wm^mdHw$
V_mV=dm WmZmV=WmZgy
Z`{V=Z> hmodo ho
(VWm=dog| )
^Vmo@{n=^V h
Z`{V=Z> hmodo ho
^mdmW : Oog| JmVrano ahVmo nwf, ^pV Z hmo` Vmo AnZo Xw>H$_Zgy
nmIS>rnZoHw$ mV hmo`Ho$ Amoa VrW$n WmZgyh Z> hmo` Om` ho Vog| ^Vh
^pVHo$ A^md_| AnZo Xw>H$_Zgy dm WmZgy ^> hmo`Ho$ ZrM `moZrZ_| O_ bo
ho&&20&&
{dd { V : Jm>mV` Vmn`m Va_ Amh : ^`^mdo B{V.
^JdgmpZ`Xoeo@{n pWVm ^`^mdo VWm ^d{V B{V ^md:. EVoZ ^Vo
Amd`H$d_ CV ^d{V&&20&&
Q>rH$m : JmOrHo$ Vra_| amo hmo` Amoa AnZo Xw>H$_ZH$[aHo$ {dnarV ^mdHw$
mV ^`mo hmo` gmo Oog| dm WmZgy Z> hmo` ho Vog| ^pVH$mo A^md hmo` Vmo
^JdmZHo$ gpZYmZdmao Xoe_| ahV hmo`Vmoh AnZo Xw> H$_Zgm| nmfS>rnZoHw$
mV ^`mo hmo` gmo Am$T>n{VVhmo`ho.
BVZo Oog| H$moC D$Mo Wbn| M{T>Ho$ {Jao ho Vog| ^pV_mJ_| Am`mo hmo`
Amoa ^pV Z hmo` Vmo Xw> H$_Zgy nmfS>r hmo`Ho$ dm _mJV| ^> hmo` ho&&20&&
Eg| ^pVH$mo Ad`nZmo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ Cnghma H$aVh|:
Ed dem-gd d _`m Jw V {Z${nV_ &&
EVX ~w dm {d_w ò V nw f: gd - g e `mV &&21&&
{gmV_wVmdbr
201
&&B{V lrdb^mMm`{da{MVm {gmV_wVmdbr gnyUm&&

Ed=`m H$magy, _`m=_oao mam JwV=JwVH$mo, {Z${nV={Z$nU{H$`mo
demgdd=AnZoemHo$gdd EVV=`mHw$, ~wdm=Om{ZHo$
nwf:=nwf
gge`gy
{d_wòV={deofH$[aH|$_wVhmo`h|
{dd{V : (g`moOZ_ CV_ CnghapV Ed_ B{V. CVH$maoU dem$n
dem` dm {gmV$ngdd JwV dnoZ ~h {Z${nVdmV J^raVmn`
~{h_wImZm_ AkmnZr` dm. qH$ VoZ? B`V Amh: EVX B{V. EVkmZoZ
d_mJg~pY-gdge`{Zd{m ^d{V. A`Wm ""ge`m_m {dZ`{V''
B{V ~w{ A`Wm ^doX B{V AW:)&&20-21&&
B{V
lr{nV n mXmO-namJag{gVV &
lr{dQ > R>bVpgmV-dmL > _mbm Xò XYm &&1&&
^mdmW : `m [a{Vgm| _|Zo AnZo emH$mo Jmo` godm$n {gmV H$mo. `mHw$
Om{ZHo$ nwf gdgXohZgy _wV hmo` ho&&21&&
Q>rH$m : Eg| AnZo emH$mo gdd Omo JwV hVmo gmo _oZ| {Z${nV {H$`mo ho. ò
Omo {Z${nV {H$`mo ho VmHw$ Om{ZHo$ nwf g~ ge`Zgy _wV hmo`&&21&&
`m JW_| BVZmo {g ^`mo Omo VZw{dmOm godm{h W_ gmYZ ho. gmo
`WmW ~Zo Vmo ^w_| {Mm brZ hmo` Om` Egr _mZgr {g hmo`. V~
^wg~Yr{h g~ H$m_Zm hmo`. Vmgy g~ ~m_H$ ho Ego kmZgy ^JdmZ_|
~w{ amIZr- ò gmYZH$s W_ (_w`) H$jm ho. `m_| A{YH$ma Z hmo` Vmo
Oo _`mXmnw> h| {VZH$m| Aja~m_H$ AnZmo d$n ho Amoa Aja~_| lrH$U
{gmV_wVmdbr
202
{damOV h| Egmo kmZ Oog| hmo` Vogmo `Z H$aZmo- ò gmYZH$s {Vr` (_`_)
H$jm ho. `m_|h OmH$mo A{YH$ma Zmht ho gmo eara, nw, YZm{XH$Z_| A{^_mZdmamo
"ggmar' H$mo Om` ho. Egmo nwf godm H$aVmo hmo` Vm_| ^JdmZH$mo Cn`moJr
nXmW {_bo Zmht V~ Xw:I nmdo V~ godmh AmN>rarVgy Z ~Zo. EgoH$m| ggma_|V|
AmgpV Nw>Q>doHo${bò brbm{d{e> ^JdmZH$mo {MVZ H$aZmo- ò gmYZH$s
Vrgar (hrZ) H$jm ho. Amoa OmH$m| bm{H$H$H$s BN>m {Zdm Zmht hmo` gmo
VZw{dmOm godm H$aVmo hmo` V~ dmH$s narjmHo${bò AWdm maY^moJHo${bò
^w {db~ H$ao V~ bm{H$H$V| boe hmo` Vmoh ^Jdgodm N>moS>o Zmht Vmo
bm{H$H$mgpV Ny>Q> Om`. Egmo Omo nw{>_mJu` hmo` Vmo lr^mJdVHo$ nmR>
ldUm{XH$_| Vna hmo`Ho$ BN>mZwHw$b Xoe_| a{hHo$ nyOmogdm{XH$ H$aZmo. Amoa
Egmo `{X _`mXm_mJu` hmo` Vmo JmOrHo$ Vra_| a{hHo$ lr^mJdVH$mo ldU
AWdm nmR> dmadma H$`m} H$a- ò gmYZH$s MmoWr (A{VhrZ) H$jm ho. Amoa
Omo VZw{dmOm godm H$aVmo hmo` Vm_| ^pVh Z hmo` gmo nmM_m| Am$T>n{VV
H$mo Om` ho. gmo dmadma O_Hw$ mV hmo`Ho$ ggmaH$mo A{^{Zdoe {e{Wb
hmo` V~ _wV hmo`. Amoa `{X ggmaH$mo A`V A{^{Zdoe hmo` Vmo _wVh Z
hmo`. Vmgy ggmamdoe N>mo{S>Ho$ ^pVHo${bò VZw{dmOm godm_| `Z H$aZm|.
&&B{V lrdb^mMm`{da{MV {gmV_wVmdbrH$s
Jmodm{_ lrZqghbmbOr_hmamO {da{MVm
^mdmWgjonQ>rH$m gnyU ^B&&
&& nw{>dmh_`mXmôX: &&

(9)
`m OJV_| {OVZo Ord h| {VVZo g~ {MXe$ngm| VWm ^JdXenZogm|
g_mZ h|. {VZ_| {H$VZoH$ZH$m| lrnwfmom_H$s mpV hmo` ho, {H$VZoH$ZH$m|
Aja~H$s mpV hmo` ho, {H$VZoH$ZH$m| dJm{XH$ZH$s mpV hmo` ho Amoa
{H$VZoH$ZH$m| AYV_H$s mpV hmo` ho. Vhm e>m hmo` ho Omo Eg| \$b_| ôX
`m| hmo` ho? Amoa d^md_| ôX `m| ho? Amoa {H$VZoH$ZHo$ d^mdV| {d$
Xoh VWm {H$`m ho Vmo {H$VZoH$ZHo$ d^mdmZwHy$b Xoh VWm {H$`m ho B`m{XH$ ôX
`m| ho? Eg| gXohdmaoZHo$ gXoh {_Q>m`doHo${bò {dZHo$ Cnm`^yV _mJ VWm
_mJHo$ gm>` H$mo {Z$nU H$[adoHo${bò, g~ZH$mo ôX Om{ZdoV| g~ gXohZH$s
{Zd{m hmo`Jr Eog| {dMm[aHo$, VrZ _mJZHo$ ôXH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
nw { >-dmh-_`m X m
{deo f o U
n W H $ -n W H $ &&
Ord-Xo h -{H $ `m-ô X : dmho U \$bo Z M&&1&&
d`m{_ gd g Xo h m Z ^{d`pV `V lw V o : &&
nWH$-nWH$=AbJ-AbJ
{deofoU={dfoe$ngm|
Ord-Xoh-{H$`m-ôX:=Ord Xoh
Amoa {H$`mHo$ ôXgm|
dmhoU=dmhgm|
M=Amoa \$boZ=\$bgm|
nw{>-dmh-_`mXm:=nw{>,
dmh Amoa _`mXm(Ah=_)
d`m{_=H${h amo h
`V=Omo lwVo=gw{Zdogy
gdgXohm=g~ H$maHo$ gXoh
Z=Zmht ^{d`pV=hm|`Jo
^mdmW-Q>rH$m : nw{>, dmh Amoa _`mXm ò VrZm| OwXo Om{Zdo_| Amd| Ego1.{dZHo$ Y_H$[aHo$, 2.Ordm{XH$ZHo$ ôXZgy g{>H$s nanam A{dpN>Z Mbr
Amdo ho VmH$[aHo$; Amoa 3.{dZH$m| \$b {_bo ho VmH$[aHo$ -H$hJmo, OmHo$ ldUV|
g~ gXoh Z hm|`Jo. BVZo {dZHo$ Y_, OrdH$mo d$n, Xoh, {H$`mHo$ ôX, g{>
VWm {dZHo$ \$bH$mo kmZ hmo`Jmo V~ g~ gXoh {Zdm hm|`Jo&&11/2&&
{gmV_wVmdbr
203
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
204
^pV_mJ` H$WZmV nw{>a AVr{V {ZM`:&&2&&

^pV_mJ`=^pV_mJHo$
H$WZmV=H${hdogy
nw{>:=nw{>
ApV=ho B{V=Egmo
{ZM`:={ZM`
(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : emZ_| ^pV_mJ OwXmohr H$mo ho Vmgy {ZM` hmo` ho Ho$ ^JdmZH$mo
AZwJh ho. Amoa Vmhrgy `hh _mbw_ nS>o ho Ho$ nw{>(AZwJh) _mJh OwXmohr ho.
Q>rH$m : `mbmoH$H$s VWm nabmoH$H$s H$m_Zm N>m{S>Ho$ ^w_| _Z bJmdZm| gmo
"^pV' H${h Om` ho. gmo ^pV ^wZHo$ AZwJhgy {_bo ho. Vmgyhr nM_H$Y_|
F$f^XodOrHo$ M[aH$s g_mpV_| H$mo ho Omo ""_moj Xo`dodmao ^JdmZ
ÔZH$[adodmaoZH$m| _wpV X|` ho naVw H$mh g_` ^pV`moJ Zmht X|` h|''. Vog|
lrXodH$sOrZo Vw{V H$ar V~ ^wZHo$ _mhm`H$mo kmZ hVmo Vmgy g~ _mhm`H$mo
dUZ {H$`mo Vm nmN>| gwT> Zoh ^`mo V~ _mhm`Hw$ ^y{bH|$ H$mo Omo
""AmnHo${bò _oar ~w{_| Y` Zmht aho ho, _| H$ggy S>anw h''. gmo ò gwT>
ZohH$mo d$n ho. Vmgy ^yZH$mo O~ AZwJh hmo` V~ Egr ^pV {_bo ho. dm
AZwJhH$mo Zm_ "nw{>' ho. Oog| H$moD$Zo nmn {H$`mo hmo` VmH$mo {ZdmaU (m`pMV)
H$>gy ~Zo Ego hmo` naVw VmHo${bò {dmZZH$s g^m âr hmo` gmo AZwJhgy gwJ_
m`pMV H$ho Vmo gwJ_Vmgy dmH$mo {ZdmaU hmo` gHo$ ho. Oog| H$__mJ_|h
AZwJhH$s mWZm hmo` ho gmo \$b {g hmo`doHo${bò ho Vog| gwH$a gmYZ$n
^pV_mJ
lrH$U^JdmZZ| CdOr{V H$mo ho, Vmgy VmHo$ _yb^yV nw{> ho Egmo
{ZM` ho&&2&&
Eg| nw{>H$s {d_mZVmH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ dmh VWm _`mXm H$s
{d_mZVmH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
305
""m ^y V gJm ' '{d`w Vo : dmhmo @ {n `dpWV:&&

do X ` {d_mZdmV _`m X m{n `dpWVm&&3&&
m=Xmo
^yVgJm=Ordg{>
B{V=Egmo, CVo=H${hdogy
dmh:=dmh
A{n=h
`dpWVpWV
(ApV=ho) (qH$M=Amoa)
doX`=doXHo$
{d_mZdmV={d_mZ hmo`dogy
_`mXm=_`mXm, A{n=h
`dpWVm={deof$ngy pWV
(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : JrVmOr_| lrH$UZo AOwZgy H$hr ho Ho$ ""`m bmoH$_| Xd Amoa Amgwa
ôXgm| mUrZH$s Xmo VahH$s g{> h|'' (`m dMZ_| Amgwa OrdZH$s nWH$ JUZm
H$ar ho) Vmgy dmh_mJh {g ho. Amoa H$_m{XH$s `dWm H$[adodmamo doX
{d_mZ ho Vmgy {g ho Ho$ _`mXm_mJh AZm{XH$mbgy M`mo Amdo ho.
Q>rH$m : Xd Amoa Amgwa Ego {d^mJgy Omo g{>H$s nanam A{d{N>Z Mbr Amdo
ho VmH$mo Zm_ "dmh' ho. BVZo ZXrH$mo dmh Oog| Ama^gy AV VmB M`mo
Om` ho Vog| Xd Amoa Amgwa ò Xmo` H$maH$s g{>H$mo dmh b` n`V M`mo
Om` ho. Zmht Vmo lrH$UZ| XmoD$H$mo {d^mJ {H$`mo ho gmo `W hmo` Om`.
JrVmOr_| H$mo ho Omo ""Xd Amoa Amgwa Eog| Xmo` H$maHo$ ^yVgJ h|''. Vmgy
{g hmo` ho Omo dmhh amo ho. Amoa H$_ VWm kmZm{XH$ZHo$ H$maH$mo Omo {Z`_
ho VmH$mo Zm_ "_`mXm' ho. gmo nydH$mS> VWm CmaH$mS> $n doX OJV_| {d_mZ
ho Vmgy H$_ VWm kmZm{XH$ZHo$ H$maH$mo {Z`_ amo ho. Vmgy _`mXmh ahr ho.
`hm Eg| g_OZmo Omo ^JdmZHo$ AZwJh`wV ^pV_mJ {OVZo h| {VZ
g~ZH$mo AV^md nw{>_mJ_| ho VWm `mbmoH$ VWm nabmoH$ H$s H$m_Zmdmao(_mJ)
Omo g{>H$s nanamH$m| Zmht VmoS>o h| gmo g~ _mJ dmh_| AV^yV h|. Amoa {OVZo
_mJ doXH$s _`mXmH$mo CbZ Zmht H$a| h| {VVZo g~ _mJ _`mXm_| AV^yV
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
206
h|. BVZo OJV_| {OVZo _mJ h| {VZ g~ZH$mo AV^md (nw{>-_`mXm-dmh) BZ

VrZ _mJZ_| ho&&3&&
A~ nw{>_mJ EH$ {dbjU _mJ ho Vm_| _mU ~VmdV h|. VWm (W_
e>m) g~ _mJ_| {^Z-{^Z H$magy ÔZ Vmo amohr ho, Vmgy ÔZH$mo H$ma
{^Z-{^Z ho naVw _mJ Vmo g~ ^pVHo$hr h| Eg| H$moD$ H$ho Vhm (VmH$mo
g_mYmZ) H$hV h|.
(Xygar e>m) D$na H$ho Ego VrZm| _mJ {d_mZ h| Eg| H${hdogyh VrZm|
(nw{>-dmh-_`mXm) _mJZH$mo nana ôX {g Zmht hmo`Jmo. `m| Omo ""g~
\$b ^JdmZgyhr hm|` h|'' Eg| `mggym{XH$Zgy {g ho. Vmgy Xygao XodH$mo
ÔZ H$[adodmao dmh_mJu`h \$bmpVHo${bò ^yZH$mohr ÔZ H$ao h|. `m|
Omo ~dmXH$s ar{Vgy MV`_| ôX Zmht ho Amoa \$b Vmo ^yZgyhr mV hmo`
ho; Vmgy mdm{hH$h ^V ho Eg| H$hZmo M{hò. Amoa AZwJh`wV g~
^pV_mJ nw{>_mJ_| AV^yV h| Eg| Cna H$mo ho gmo AZwJh g~ZH$m| g_mZ
ho; Vmgy dmhgy nw{>_mJ {^Z Zmht hmo`Jmo. Amoa _`mXm Vmo doXmoV {Z`_gy
ho Vmgy _`mXm_mJ nw{>_mJgy Ad` {^Z ho. BVZo _mJ Xmo h| Eg| H$hZmo M{hò
Egr H$moD$ e>m H$ao Vhm H$hV h|:
H$pMXo d {h ^Vmo {h ""`mo _X ^ V:'' BVraUmV &&
gd mo H$f H $WZmV nw { >a AVr{V {ZM`:&&4&&
Z gdm} @ V: dmhm{ {^Zmo do X mM ô X V:&&
""`Xm `ò ' '{V dMZmV ""Zmh do X a ' 'BVraUmV &&5&&
`mo=Omo, _X=_oamo
^V:=^V, B{V=Egmo
BaUmV=H${hdogy (qH$M=Amoa)
gd=g~ OJh
Z = Zmht, AV: = `mgy

dmhmV = dmhgy
{h = ^r (nw{>_mJ: = nw{>_mJ)
{^Z: = AbJ(ApV = h)
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
607
CH$fH$WZmV=lo>Vm H${hdogy
nw{>:=nw{>
{h={ZpMV hr
ApV=ho, B{V=Egmo
{ZM`:={ZM`
^V:=^V, H$pMV=H$moB
Ed=hr, gd:=g~
ôXV: = AbJ hmo`Ho$
M=Amoa, `Xm=O~
``=OmHw$, B{V=`m
dMZmV=dMZgy
Z=Zmht, Ah=_|
doX:=doXgy, B{V=ò
BaUmV=H${hdogy
doXV:doXgy(A{n = ^r)
(pWV: B{V eof:=pWV ho Egmo Ame`
ho)
^mdmW : JrVmOr_| ^JdmZZo ""Omo _oamo ^V ho gmo _moHw$ {` ho'' `h H$mo

ho Vmgy; Amoa gdemZ_| ^pVH$mo CH$f H$mo ho Vmgy h nw{>_mJ {^Z ho `h
{g hmo` ho. ""^V H$moBH$ hr hmo` ho, g~ Zmht hm|` h|'' Vmgyh nw{>_mJ
dmh_mJgy {^Z ho `h {ZM` ho. VWm ""O~ ^JdmZ AZwJh H$a| h| V~ ^V
bmoH$_mJ Amoa doX_mJ _| ~w{ Zmht bJmdo ho'' `m ^mJdVHo$ dMZgy VWm
""_oamo Egmo XeZ doXm{Xgm| Zmht hmo` ho'' `m ^JdmZHo$ dMZgyh `h {ZM`
hmo` ho Ho$ nw{>_mJ _`mXm_mJgm|h {^ZV`m pWV ho, AWmV {^Z ho.
Q>rH$m : ""gVmofdmamo, h_|em ^w_| {Mm OmZ| OmoS>mo ho, _Z OmHo$ dmYrZ
ho, ^w AnZo dm_r h| Egmo OmH$mo T> {ZM` ho Amoa _oao_| OmZo _Z VWm ~w{
AnU H$a| h| Egmo Omo _oamo ^V ho gmo _moHw$ {` ho'' Eg| JrVmOr_| H$mo ho.
Vm_| ""Omo _oamo ^V ho'' Eg| H${hdogy ^V H$moB hmoV ho (g~ ^V Zmht hmoV
h|) Eg| Om`mo Om` ho. Omo ~hmoV ^V hm|` Vmo Omo _oamo ^V ho gmo _moHw$ {`
ho Ego Zmht H$hVo. Amoa JrVmOr_| Vndr, kmZr VWm H$__mJuZgy `moJrHw$
A{YH$ {b{IH|$ ""g~ `mo{JZ_|h Omo AV:H$aU nydH$ lm`wV hmo`H|$ _moHw$
Ôo ho gmo A`V `wV _m`mo ho'' Ego lrH$UZo H$mo ho. Vog| \o$[a nMXe_
A`m`_| H$mo ho Omo ""AmN>r ar{Vgy _moha{hV Omo nwf _moHw$ nwfmom_ H$[aHo$
OmZo ho gmo g~ Om{Zdodmamo ho. gmo gd^mdH$[aHo$ _moHw$ Ôo ho'' Eg| H$mo ho.
gmo gd^mdgy ÔZ nw{>_mJ_|{h ho. Amoa Ego ÔZHw$ g~WbZ_| Cm_ H$mo
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
208
ho. Vmgy nw{> ho Egmo {ZM` ho.

CnaHo$ bmoH$_| JrVmOrH$mo _mU Xo`H|$ ^V ~hmoV Zmht hmoV h| naVw
H$moB hr hmoV h| Ego {Z$nU {H$`mo ho. Vmgy g~, ^V Zmht hmoV h|. V~ Om
_mJ_| ò ^V h| Egmo nw{>_mJh dmhgy {^Z ho Eg| AWmV {g hmo` ho.
^`mJ_m=^pV Xo`dodmao
_Vm=_mZo h| B{V=Egmo
MoV=`{X hmodo Vmo
VV=dmo
Vhm Egr e>m hmo` Omo dmhgy nw{>_mJ {^Z ho Eg| {g ^`mo naVw
nw{>_mJHo$ {VnmXH$ Omo-Omo dm` h| gmo-gmo doX, _{V AWdm nwamUm{XH$ZHo$
h|. gmo g~ doX{d{Y_|hr Am` Om` h|; Vmgy _`mXmgy nw{>_mJ {^Z Zmht hmo`
gHo$Jmo! Egr e>mH$s {Zd{mHo${bò H$hV h| Omo ""Am_mgy OmH$s ^mdZm H$ar
ho Ego ^JdmZ OmHo$ Cna AZwJh H$aV h| gmo bmoH$_| VWm doX_| bmJr ahr Egr
_{VH$m| N>moS>o h|'' Eg| lr^mJdV_| H$mo ho. Vog|hr ""doX Vn XmZ Amoa kmZ`k mamh _oao dm d$nH$mo XeZ Zmht hmo` gHo$ ho Ho$ OmH$mo VoZ| {H$`mo; _oao
Ego d$nH$mo XeZ Vmo Ho$db AZ`^pVH$[aHo$ hr hmo` gHo$ ho'' Eg|
JrVmOr_| H$mo ho. BVZo g~ Wb_| nw{>_mJH$mo {VnmXZ ho Vmgy doXHo$
{Z`_$n _`mXmgyh nw{>_mJ {^Z ho&&4-5&&
^mdmW : ^pV_mJ EH$hr ho Amoa dmh VWm _`mXm, ^pVHo$ A$n h| Amoa
^pVH$s mpVHo$ gmYZ$n h| Eg| em_| _m`mo ho- Eg| dmXr H$ho Vhm H$hV
h| Omo Eg| H$hoZmo gy Amoa `wpV gy h `wV Zmht ho. Vmgy d{XH$_mJ {^Z ho
Amoa AZwJh`wV _mJ {^Z ho.
Om_| ^JdX^pV hmo` Zmht Ego Y_, H$_ VWm kmZ H$s {ZXm gdem_|
{bIr ho; naVw ^pV g{hVH$s {ZXm Zmht ho Vmgy JrVmOr_| ""{Z~Ym`m@@gwar
_Vm'' B`m{XH$ dm`Zgy mdm{hH$ OrdZH$s {ZXm {bIr ho gmo ^pV
a{hVH$s ho. ^pV g{hV mdm{hH$ Vmo Xdr_| {JZo Om` h| Vmgy g~ _mJ
^pV_mJHo$ A^yV h| Egr _yb_|{h e>m H$[aHo$ g_mYmZ H$aV h|:
_mJ H $do @ {n Mo X A `m VZy ^`mJ_m _Vm &&
Z VX `wV gyVmo {h {^Zm `w`m {h d{XH$:&&6&&
_mJH$do=_mJ EH$ hmo`dono
A{n=^r
A`m=ApV_ Xmo
VZy=A
`wV=R>rH$
Z=Zmht ho
{h=`m|Ho$
gyV:=gygm|
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
209
`w`m=`wpVgm|
d{XH$:=d{XH$ (_mJ:=_mJ)
{h={ZM` hr
{^Z:=AbJ (ApV= ho)
Q>rH$m : BVZo ^pV_mJ_| ""lrnwfmom__| {Z>mdmaoHw$ A_VnZmo hmo` ho''

(""VgW` A_VdmonXoemV'' epS>`gy) Eg| ^pVgy_| {b`mo ho.
O{_Zr`gy_| {b`mo ho Omo `mo{V>mo_m{XH$ `k$n H$_ dJm{XH$ \$bHw$
CnZ H$[aHo$ {Zdm hmo` ho. Vmgy gmo H$_, ^pVHo$ A^yV hmo` gHo$ Zmht.
Vog| kmZ_mJh _moj$n\$bHw$ mV H$ao ho, ^pVHw$ mV Zmht H$ao ho Eg|
(""VpZ>` _mojmonXoemV'') `mggy_| {b`mo h|. gmo (kmZ_mJh)^pVHo$
A^yV Zmht hmo` gHo$ ho. Vmgy d{XH$_mJ {^Z ho Amoa AZwJh`wV _mJ
{^Z ho. Vog| XdgJ$n dmhh _moj\$b Xo`dodmamo ho Amoa AmgwagJ$n dmh
~YZ H$[adodmamo ho Vmgm| dmoh ^pVHo$ A$n hmo` gHo$ Zmht. (Eg| \$bôX
A _mUôX gy _mJôXH$mo {ZM` H$[aHo$ A~ `wpVgy h _mJôXH$mo {VnmXZ
H$aV h|).
`{X dmh_mJ ^pVHo$ A$n hmodVmo Vmo lrH$U^JdmZZ| JrVmOr_|
Xdrgn{mH$mo ^md H${hHo$ Amgwargn{mH$mo ^md H$mo ho gmo Zmht H$hVo.
Vog| (`{X _`mXm_mJ Amoa nw{>^pV_mJHo$ A^yV hmodVmo Vmo) JrVmOr_|
mXem`m`_| H$mo ho Omo ""Aja~Ho$ CnmgH$ZH$m| boe A{YH$ ho'' Amoa
""ny U n w fmo m_Ho $ CnmgH$Z H $mo Cma ^w erK h r H$ao h| ' '; Vo g |
lr^mJdVXe_H$Y_| H$mo ho Omo
""lrèmoXmZXZ lrH$U ^pVdmaoZH$m| gwIgy Oog| mV hm|` Vog| XohrZH$m|
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
210
VWm ~Hw$ AnZr Am_m$n _m{Zdodmao kmZrZH$m| gwIgy mV Zmht hmo` h|''
B`m{XH$ `wVrZH$[aHo$h nw{>_mJgy dmh_mJ VWm _`mXm_mJ {^Z ho&&6&&
emmoV Y_Ho$ AZwHy$b h|. {dZH$s H${V ApZhmom{XH$ lmV-_mV H$_

H$[adoH$s VWm kmZm{XH$Ho$ AZwHy$b `mJm{XH$ H$ardoH$s ho.
Eg| dmh VWm _`mXm_mJV| nw{>_mJ {^Z ho gmo gy VWm `wpVgy {g

H$[aHo$ {dZ (_mJZ)Ho$ Ord, (OrdZHo$) Xoh VWm H${V Ho$ ôXH$mo {Z$nU
H$aV h|:
Amoa nw{>_mJu` Ord h| gmo Xd*h| VWm{n ^JdmZHo$ AZwJh{d{e> h|.

{dZHo$ Xoh ^Jdgodm_| AZwHy$b VWm ^Jdd$n_|hr AmgV (ho). {dZH$s
H${V bmo{H$H$-d{XH$ \$bZH$s BN>mgm| a{hV hmo`Ho$ ^Jdgodm H$[adoH$s VWm
gmjmV nwfmom_ g~pY \$b {_bdoH$s ho.
Ord-Xo h -H $ VrZm M {^Zd {Z`Vm lw V o : &&

`Wm VV nw { >_mJ} `mo a {n {Zfo Y V:&&7&&
_mUô X mX {^Zmo {h nw { >_mJm} {Z${nV:&&
`Wm=Oog|
nw{>_mJ}=nw{>_mJ_|
lwVo:=doXgy
OrdXohH$VrZm=Ord-Xoh-H${VH$mo
{^Zd=AbJnZm|(ApV=ho)
VV= dog|
{^Z:=AbJ
{Z`Vm={Z`nZm|
M=h ({g{V={g hmo` ho)
`mo:=XmoZm|ZH$mo A{n=^r
{ZfoYV:={ZfoYgy({H$M=Amoa)
_mUôXmV=_mUHo$ ôXgy
nw{>_mJ:=nw{>_mJ
{Z${nV:={Z${nV {H$`mo ho
^mdmW : Oog| VrZm|ZHo$ Ord, Xoh VWm H${V {^Z-{^Z h| Vog| lw{VHo$
_mUgy ~dmX_| OrdZH$s {Z`Vm ho Vogr {Z`VmH$mo dmh VWm _`mXm _mJu
OrdZHo$ {dfo {ZfoY hmo`dogy _mUHo$ ôXgyh nw{>_mJ XmoC _mJZgy {^Z ho.
Q>rH$m : dmh_mJdmao Ord Amgwa h|, {dZHo$ Xoh ^JdXÔZgy {VHy$b h|,
{dZH$s {H$`m dmWHo${bò Amoa XygaoH$m| Xw:I Xo`doH$s ho.
Amoa _`mXm_mJu` Ord Xd h|, {dZHo$ Xoh d{XH$Y_ VWm ^JdnyOm{XH$
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
211
Eg| VrZm|ZHo$ Ord, Xoh VWm H${V Oog| {^Z-{^Z h| Vog| lw{VHo$ _mUgy
~dmX_| OrdZH$s {Z`Vm ho. {d{e>mV VWm V_mJ _| A{Z`Vm ho Amoa
_m`mdmX_| _m{`H$d ho. `{n Eg| AnZo-AnZo _VHo$ AZwgma g~OrdZHw$
g~ g_mZhr _mZo h|; VWm{n ""^JdmZH$mo H$sVZ H$[adodmao Ord Ywd ({Z`)
h|'' Eg| lw{V_| {b`mo ho. Amoa ""Oog| ^pVdmaoZH$m| ^JdmZ gwIgy mV hmo`
h| Vog| Amoa XohrZH$m| VWm kmZrZH$m| mV Zmht hmo` h|'' Eg| lr^mJdV_|
{b`mo ho. Vmgy dmhr VWm kmZrZ H$mo {ZfoY H$[aHo$ ""{OZH$m| gwIgy mV
hmo` ho'' Eg| {b`mo ho Vmgy AZwJh {d{e> nw{>_mJu` Ord {^Z h| Egmo {g
hmo` ho. Eg| _mUHo$ ôXgy nw{>_mJ {^Z {Z${nV {H$`mo ho dm{h ar{Vgy dmh
Amoa _`mXmH$moh ôX g_OZmo&&71/2&&
A~ (AmJ| Om`Ho$) _mU~bH$[aHo$ VWm gmYZHo$ ôXH$[aHo$ VrZm|
_mJZH$mo ôX (~VmdZmo ho. gmo ôX) {g H$[adoHo${bò D$na ~Vmò Ego
Ordm{XH$ZHo$ ôX`wV A{dpN>ZgJH$mo Omo ôX ho VmH$[aHo$ nw{>H$mo ôX {g
H$[adoHo${bò (`m bmoH$_|) gm_m`($n)gy gJHo$ ôXH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
gJ ^ o X d`m{_ d$nm-{H $ `m`w V _ &&8&&
BN>m_mo U _Zgm dmh g >dmZ h[a:&&
dMgm do X _mJm} {h nw q > H$mò Z {ZM`:&&9&&
d$nm-{H$`m`wV=d$n A- dMgm = dm{Ugy
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
212
Amoa {H$`m Ho$ gmW

gJôX=g{>H$mo ôX
d`m{_=AmN>r^m{Vgm|H$hh
h[a:=lrH$U
BN>m_moU=BN>m_mgy
_Zgm=_Zgy, dmh=dmhHw$
doX_mJ = doX_mJHw$
[h = {ZM`hr
H$mòZ = earagy
nwq> = nwq>Hw$
g>dmZ = a`mo ho(B{V=Egmo)
{ZM`:={ZM`(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : d$n=Ord, A=Xoh Amoa {H$`m `wV g{>H$mo ôX H$hJmo.

{OZH$mo gdXm EH$s^md ho Ego h[a BN>m_mgy _ZH$[aHo$ dmh_mJH$w , dMZH$[aHo$
doX_mJ (_`mXm_mJ) Hw$ Amoa H$m`mH$[aHo$ nw{>_mJHw$ gOV^ò.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| EH$mXeH$Y_| ""dH$m[aH$ Ah>maHo$ H$m`$n _Zgy g{> ^B
ho'' Eg| {b`mo ho. Vog| doX_|h _Zgy g{> ^B ho Eg| {b`mo ho gmo dmhg{>
ho. Vm_| _m`mh g H$maU^yV ho gmo Amgwa$n _m{`H$ g{> ho. dm g{>Ho$
A{^m`gy {h OJV _m{`H$ ho Eg| {H$VZoH$ _mZo h|.
dMZgy _`mXmg{> ^B ho gmo _mSy>` Cn{ZfX_| {b`mo ho Omo ""H$magy
{h g~ZH$s Cn{m ho. ^yV ^{d`V Amoa dV_mZ Omo H$Nw> ho gmo g~ H$maH$mohr
Cn`m`mZ ho''. Vog| EH$mXeH$Y_|h nam, n`pV, _`_m Amoa dIar ò
Mmam| H$maH$s dmUrH$s Cn{m {b{IHo$ dmgyhr OJVH$s Cn{m {b{I ho. gmo
^wH$s dmUr doX$n ho Amoa doX ho gmo gmjmV ZmamÙ ho, Vmgy doXgy g{> ^B
ho gmo _`mXm_mJH$s g{> ho.
Amoa nw$f{dY~mUH$s lw{V_| ""EH$ Am_mHo$ Xmo {d^mJ{H$ò. Vm_|gy
n{V Amoa nZr ^ò'' Eg| {b`mo ho. Vmgy AmZXm_H$d$ngyhr AZoH$
H$maHo$ ^ò, gmo H$m`mgy g{> ^B ho gmo nw{>g{> ho.
BVZ| ^yZH$m| draagH$mo AZw^d H$[adoH$s BN>m ^B V~ AnZmo Ae hmo`
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
213
gmo AnZr {d$ hmo` Zmht Vmgy _m`m_|gy Amgwar Ord CnZ {H$ò, gmo
dmhg{> ^B. VWm OrdZHo$ Xw:IH$s{Zd{m Ho${bò doX_mJ H$Q> {H$`mo Vm_|
r{Vdmao Ord Aja~gy ^ò gmo _`mXmg{> ^B. Amoa OrdZH$m|
ÔZmZXH$mo XmZ H$[adoHo${bò AnZo AmZXm_H$ d$ngy Ord CnZ
{H$ò gmo nw{>g{> ^B.
AWmV mdm{hH$ g{> ^wHo$ _ZV| _m`mgy CnZ ^B ho1, _`mXmg{>
^wHo$ _ZnydH$ dMZV| Aja~gy2 ^B ho Amoa nw{>g{> ^wHo$ _Z VWm
dMZnydH$ d$ngy ^B ho. Eg| VrZm| H$maH$s g{> ^yZZ| H$ar ho&&8-9&&
{deof:
1.ghO Amgwa VWm Amgwamdoer Ego Xmo` H$maHo$ mdm{hH$ Ord h|. {VZ_|
Amgwamdoer _wV hmo` h| Amoa ghO Amgwa ho gmo AYV__|Om`h|.
2.g>fU h| gmo doX$n h| Amoa eX~ VWm Aja~ gH$fUH$mohr d$n
h| Vmgy Aja~gy g{> ho gmo doXgyhr g{> ^B ho Ego g_OZmo.
mdm{hH$ g{>H$mo CnmXmZH$maU _m`m ho VWm _`mXmg{>H$mo CnmXmZH$maU
Aja~ ho Amoa nw{>g{>H$mo CnmXmZH$maU ^wH$mo d$n ho -90Eg| VrZm|
g{>H$mo CnmXmZH$maU {^Z-{^Z ho VWm{n Oog| Vm_, $` Amoa gwdU $n
{^Z-{^Z CnmXmZH$maUgy VrZ KQ> ^ò hm|` naVw Obbm`do$n H$m` Vmo
VrZm| KQ>H$mo g_mZ hr hmo` ho; Amoa dr{h VWm `d Ho$ nwamoS>megy `k VWm \$b
g_mZhr hmo` ho Vog| VrZm| g{>Hw$ \$b g_mZhr hmo`Jmo Egr H$moC e>m H$ao Vhm
H$hV h|:
_y b o N>mV: \$b bmo H o $ do X mo V d { XHo $ @{n M&&
H$mò Z Vw \$b nw >m {^Zo N>mVmo @ {n Z H $Ym&&10&&
bmoHo$=bmoH$_|
\$b=\$b(^d{V=hmo` ho)
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
214
_yboN>mV:=_yb BN>mgy,
A{n=Vmo\$b=
doXmoV=doX_| H$mo ^`mo
(\$b=\$b) nw>m=nw{>_|
Vw=Vmo, H$mòZ=H$m`mgy
M=Amoa, d{XHo$=d{XH$_|
\$b (Ed=Ego)
{^ZoN>mV:=BN>mHo${^Zhmo`dogy
A{n=^r
EH$Ym=EH$H$magm|, Z=Zmht
^mdmW : A{dpN>Z g{> Mbr Om` Egr _yb BN>mgy mdm{hH$ OrdZH$m|
bm{H$H$ \$b hmo` ho. _`mXm_mJu` OrdZH$m| doX_| H$mo ho gmo \$b {_bo ho.
Amoa nw{>_mJu` OrdZH$m| ^yZHo$ d$nH$[aHo$ \$b {_bo ho. Eog| \$bh EH$
H$magm| Zmht hmoV ho.
Q>rH$m : A{dpN>Z g{> Mbr Om` Egr _yb BN>mgy mdm{hH$ OrdZH$m|
bm{H$H$ \$b hmo` ho. Vm_| ghO AmgwaOrd h| gmo O_-_aUV| boHo$ AVVmo
Jdm AYV__| Om` h| Amoa Amgwamdoer h| gmo H$m_Zm_| AmgV hmo`H|$
Yy__mJ_| `km{XH$H$[aHo$ AmdmJ_Z H$aV-H$aV Amgwamdoe {_Q> Om` V~
_wV hm|` h|. VWm _`mXm_mJu` OrdZH$m| doX_| H$mo ho gmo \$b {_bo ho. Vm_|
{ZH$m_ `km{XH$ H$[adodmaoZH$m| Am_gwI {_bo ho Amoa gH$m_ H$[adodmaoZH$m|
dJm{XH$ bmoH$H$mo gwI {_bo ho. nw{>_mJu` OrdZH$m| ^yZHo$ d$nH$[aHo$ \$b
{_bo ho. BVZo doUwJrV_| lw{V$nm lrJmonrOZZZ| Bp`dmaoZH$m| ÔZmZX$n Omo
Cm_ \$b H$mo ho gmo \$b {_bo ho. Eg| {^Z-{^Z BN>m ho VWm \$bH$moh
ôX ho Vmgy EH$ H$maH$s g{> VWm EH$ H$maHo$ _mJ Zmht h|.
_yb_| "ZH$Vm' Egmoh nmR> ho VmH$mo AW Egmo ho Omo gJ VWm _mJZ H$s
EH$Vm Zmht ho&&10&&
VrZm| _mJZHo$ OrdZH$m| {MynnZmo g_mZ ho VWm{n VrZm|ZHo$ OyXo-OyXo Y_
h| Vmgy \$b_| ôX ho Eg| {g H$aZmo ho. Vm_| mdm{hH$ OrdZH$mo Y_ A`V
{^Z ho Vmgy W_ mdm{hH$ZH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
215
""VmZh {fVmo ' ' dm`mX {^Zm Ordm: dm{hU:&&

AV Edo V am {^Zm gmVm _mo j do e V:&&11&&
VmZ={dZHw$, Ah=_
{fVmo=of H$[adodmao(B{V=`m)
dm`mV=dm`gy
dm{hU:=dmhr
Ordm:=Ord
{^Zm:=AbJ(gpV=h|)
AV:=`mgy, Ed=hr
BVmam = Xgao Xmo
_mojdoeV:=_moj_| doe
H$[adodmao hmo`dogy
gmVm=AVdmao
{^Z=AbJ(V:= h|)
^mdmW : JrVmOr_| H$mo ho Omo ""of H$[adodmao ... dm{hZH$m| _ gdXm Amgwar
`mo{Z_| S>m$ h'' (^J.JrVm16&19) Vmgy mdm{hH$ Ord _`mXm_mJu` VWm
nw{>_mJu` OrdZgy {^Z h|. Amoa _`mXm_mJu` OrdZH$m| Aja~mpV$n
_moj hmo` ho VWm nw{>_mJu` OrdZH$m| nwfmom__| doe hmo` ho Vmgy ò AV
g{hV h|; BVZo {dZ XmoCZH$mo Ord^md {Zdm hmo` h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| ^JdmZH$mo of H$aZmo òhr {OZH$mo Y_ ho gmo AmgwarOrd h|.
{VZH$mo AV_| AYV__| doe ho. EH$ _yb$n VWm AdVma$n H$mo of, Xygamo
{d^y{V ^VrZH$mo of Amoa Vrgamo OJynH$mo of -Eg| VrZ H$maH$mo ^JdmZHo$
{V of ho. Vm_| _yb$n VWm AdmVa$n H$mo of H$[adodmaoZH$m| ~hmoV H$[aHo$
^JdmZhr _mao h|, Vmgy _wV hmo` h|. VWm {d^y`m{XH$H$mo of H$[adodmao ofH$mo
`mJ H$a| V~ _wV hm|` ho. ò Xmo` Amgwamdoer h|. Amoa OJynH$mo of H$[adodmao
ghO-Amgwa h| gmo H$mC {XZ _wV Z hm|`. {dZH$mo AYV__|hr doe hmo` ho.
`m| Omo OJVH$mo of H$[ado_| ^JdX^VZH$moh of hmo` ho. Vmgyhr Xe_H$Y_|
AHy$aOrZo YVamV>Hw$ H$mo ho Omo
""AY_H$[aHo$ OmH$mo nmofU H$ao ho gmo nmofU H$[adodmaoH$m| N>moS>V h|''. VmH$mo
lrgw~mo{YZrOr_| {ZU` {H$`mo ho Omo ""mU, r, nwm{XH$H$mo AY_gy nmofU
{H$`mo hmo` gmo g~ dmH$m| N>moS> XoV h| Amoa Ho$db Ord AYV__| Om` ho''.
Ego of H$[adodmao dm{hOrd h|. Vmgyhr _`mXm_mJu` VWm nw{>_mJu` Ord
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
216
{^Z h|. Amoa _`mXm_mJu` OrdZH$m| Aja~ mpV$n _moj hmo` ho VWm
nw{>_mJu` OrdZH$mo nwfmom__| doe hmo` ho. Vmgy ò AV g{hV h|; BVZo {dZ
XmoCZH$mo Ord^md {Zdm hmo` ho&&11&&
Eg| VrZm| _mJZHo$ bjU VWm \$bHo$ ôXH$mo {Z$nU {H$`mo. Vm H$[aHo$
Omo {g ^`mo gmo H$hV h|:
V_mO Ordm: nw { >_mJ} {^ZmEd Z g e `:&&
^Jd-X $ngo d mW Vg { >a Zm`Wm ^do V &&12&&
V_mV=`mgy
nw{>_mJ}=nw{>_mJ_|
Ordm:=Ord, {^Zm:=AbJ
Ed=hr (gpV=h|)
ge`:=e>m
Z=Zmht (ApV=ho)
Vg{>:=dmo g{>
^JdX-$ngodmW=lrH$UH$s$ngodmHo${bò,(ApV=ho)
A`Wm=Amoa Vahgy
Z=Zmht
^doV=hmodo ho
^mdmW : Vmgy nw{>_mJu` Ord h| gmo Xygao _mJZHo$ OrdZgy {^Z h| dm_| ge`
Zmht ho. `{X nw{>_mJu` Ord {^Z Z hm|` Vmo ^JdynH$s godmHo${bò nw{>_mJu`
OrdZH$s g{>h Z hmo`.
Q>rH$m : Vmgy nw{>_mJu` Ord h| gmo Xygao _mJZHo$ OrdZgy {^Z h| dm_| ge`
Zmht ho. BVZo dmamhnwamU_| H$mo ho Omo ""~mOrH$s g{>gy OwXr ò g{> H$moC
A`hr ho'' Egmo dm` ho. Vmgy nw{>_mJu` Ord g~Zgy {^Zhr h|. `{X
nw{>_mJu` Ord {^Z Z hm|` Vmo ^JdynH$s godmHo${bò nw{>_mJu` OrdZH$s
g{>h Z hmo`. BVZo ""^w AHo$bo Am_a_U_|hr hVo. V~ ~m{ha H$moC Zmht hVmo.
Vmgy a_U Zmht H$aV ^ò. `m| Omo AHo$bo hVo V~ a_U Zmht H$aV hVo gmo
(a_U H$[adoHo${bò) XygaoH$s BN>m H$aV^ò'' Ego lw{V_| H$mo ho. Vmgy
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
217
BN>mH$[aHo$ g~OJyn ^ò h| gmo Z hmoVo. AWmV Zm_godm Vmo _`mXmg{>h H$aV
ho naVw $ngodm dmgy ~am~a Zmht hmo` gHo$ Vmgy $ngodmHo${bòhr nw{>g{> ho.
gmo dmh Amoa _`mXm gy {^Z Z hmo` Vmo nw{>g{> H$[adoH$mo Omo `moOZ hVmo
gmo {g Z ^`mo V~ nw{>g{>h Z hmo` V~ a_U H$[adoHo${bò ^w OJwn ^`|
h| Eg| lw{V_| H$mo ho gmo `W hmo`. Vmgy ^yZHo$ a_UmW ò nw{>g{> ho gmo
g~Zgy {^Z ho&&12&&
Eg| g{>Ho$ ôXgy g~ZHo$ gmYZ {^Z-{^Z h|, Vmgy EH$-XygaoHo$ gmYZ
{_b Zmht Om` h|. Vmoh brbmg{>_| CnZ ^ò Ego ^VZHo$ d$n, Xoh VWm
{H$`m_| H$Nw> VmaV` Zmht {XIdo_| AmdV ho; V~ Cna(Ho$ bmoH$Z_|) Omo g{>
^VrZH$mo ôX {g {H$`mo ho gmo `W ho Egr H$mhH$mo e>m hmo` VmH$s
{Zd{mHo${bò VmaV` H$hV h|:
d$no U mdVmao U
{bo Z
M
Jw U o Z
M&&
VmaV` Z d$no Xo h o dm VpH $ `mgw dm&&13&&
VWm{n `mdVm H$m` VmdV V` H$amo { V {h&&
d$noU=d$ngy
AdVmaoU=AdVmagy
{boZ={MZgy, M=Amoa
JwUoZ=JwUgy, M=^r
(nw{>OrdmZm=nw{>OrdZH$o )
d$no = d$n_|, dm = AWdm
Xoho = Xoh_|, dm = AWdm
VpH$`mgw = CZH$s {H$`m_|

VmaV`=ôX
Z=Zmht (ApV=ho)
VWm{n=Vmoh,`mdVm={OVZmo
H$m`=H$m`Hw$, VmdV=CVZmo
V`=dmH$mo, H$amo{V=H$ao
{h={h
^mdmW = ^$ZHo$ d$n Xoh AWdm {H$`mZ_| d$nH$[aH|$ AdVmaH$[aH|$,

{MZH$[aH|$ Amoa JwUH$[aH|$ ^JdmZgy `{n VmaV` Zmht ho VWm{n {OVZo
VmaV`gy a_Um_H$ H$m` {g hmo` {VVZmo ^VZ_| VmaV` ^JdmZ H$a| h|.
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
218
{g{Ho${bò, {_lm:={_l
Q>rH$m : BVZo ^JdmZ Oog| AmZX$n agKZ h| Vog| ^Vh h|. Oog| Abm{H$H$
ar{Vgy ewgd_|hr ^JdmZH$mo AdVma hmo` ho Vog|hr ^VZH$mo AdVma ho. Oog|
dOm dO `d Aw>e H$_b ^{V ^JdmZHo$ {MZ h| Vog|hr ^VZHo$h hmoV
h|. Oog| ^JdmZHo$ Eod`m{XH$ Amoa gmHw$_m`m{XH$ JwU h| Vog|hr ^VZHo$ h|.
Vmgy, BZ g~ Y_ZH$[aH|$ ^JdmZHo$ d$ngy ^VZHo$ d$n_| VWm ^JdmZHo$
Xohgy ^VZHo$ Xoh_| VWm ^JdmZH$s {H$`mgy ^VZH$s {H$`m_| VmaV` Zmht
ho. AWmV ^JdmZHo$ g_mZhr h|. VWm{n {OVZo VmaV`gm| g~ H$maH$s brbm
{g hmo` {VVZmo VmaV` ^JdmZ ^VZ_| H$aV h|&&131/2&&
Eg| d^mdHo$ ôX ^{V g~ gXohZHw$ Xy[a H$[aHo$ {H$VZoH$ZH$s ^JdmZHo$
H$ho ^ò ^pV_mJ_| d{m hmoV ho, {H$VZoH$ZH$s ^JdmZHo$ H$ho ^ò kmZ_mJ_|
d{m hmo` ho Amoa {H$VZoH$ZH$s ^JdmZHo$ H$ho ^ò H$__mJ_| d{m VWm
AmgpV hmo` ho. Vm_|h {H$VZoH$ZH$m|, em_| H$[adoH$mo {b`mo ho Vmgy `m_|
Ad` d{m H$aZr M{hò, Eg| em{d{YHo$ ~bgy d{m hmo` ho Amoa
{H$VZoH$ZH$m| Zohgm| d{m hmo` ho. Vog| {H$VZ|H$ZHo$ d^mdgy {d$ Xohm{XH$
hmo` h| Amoa {H$VZ|H$ZHo$ d^mdHo$ AZwHy$b Xohm{hH$ hmo` h|, gmo `m| h|?
B`m{XH$ gXohZHw$ {_Q>m`doHo${bò nw{>OrdZH$mo {d^mJ H$hV h|:
Vo {h {Ym ew-{_l-ôXmZ {_lmg {Ym nwZ:&&14&&
dmhm{X-{dô X o Z
^JdV - H$m` { gX Y ò &&
nw > m {d{_lm: gd k m: dmho U {H $ `maVm:&&15&&
_`m X `m Jw U kmVo ew m: o Um@{VXw b ^ m:&&
Vo=do, {h=Ad`hr
ew-{_lôXmV=ew Amoa
{_lHo$ ôXgm|, pXdYm=Xmo` H$maHo$
nwZ:=Amoa {\$a
^JdH$m`{gò=^JdV H$m`H$s-
dmhoU=dmhgy
{d{_lm:={deofH$[aH|$ {_l
{H$`maVm:={H$`m namÙ
(^dpV=hm|` ho)
_`mX`m=_`mXmgy
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
219
dmhm{X{dôXoZ=dmh Am{XHo$ ôXgy

{Ym=VrZ H$maHo$ (gpV=h|)
nwQm=nw{>gy
{d{_lm:={deofH$[aH|$ {_l
gdkm:=g~H$Nw> Om{Zdodmao
(^dpV=hm|` ho)
({d{_lm:={deofH$[aH|$
{_l)
JwUkm:=JwUZHw$ Om{Zdodmao
(^dpV=hm|` h|)
(qH$M=Amoa)oUm=o_H$[aH|$
ewm:=ew, Vo=d
A{VXwb^m:=A`V Xwb^
(^dpV=hm|` h|)
^mdmW : ewnw> Amoa {_lnw> Eg| ôXgy do nw>Ord Xmo` H$maHo$ h|. Vm_| nwZ:
^JdmZHo$ H$m`H$s {g{Ho${bò dmhm{XH$Ho$ ôXH$[aH|$ {_lnw> VrZ H$maHo$
h|. Vm_| nw{>H$aH|$ {_l Omo nw>Ord h| gmo gdk h| AWmV ^JdmZHo$ A{^m`Hw$
Om{Zdodmao h|. VWm dmhH$[aH|$ {_l nw>Ord h| gmo {H$`m_| r{Vdmao h|. Amoa
_`mXmH$[aH|$ {_l Omo nw>Ord h| gmo ^JdmZHo$ JwUHw$ Om{Zdodmao h| AWmV
^JdmZHo$ JwUZ_|hr AmgV aho h|. Eg| {_lnw>Ho$ VrZ ôX h|. Amoa ewnw> h|
gmo Ho$db o_H$[aH|$ h|; AWmV ewnw>OrdZH$m| ^JdmZ_| A`V o_ hmo` h|
Eg| ^V A{VXwb^ h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo {_lnw> VWm ewnw> Eg| Xmo H$maHo$ nw>Ord h| Vm_| {_lnw>Ho$
_w` VrZ ôX h|.
AWmV {OZHo$ D$na AZwJh ho Ego OrdHo$ D$na Xygamo AZwJh {_bo V~ ò
Ord "nw{>{_l nw>Ord'1 H$ho Om` h|. AZwJh`wV Omo Ord hm|` gmo emmoV
kmZm{XH$ _`mXm_| r{Vdmao hm|` gmo "_`mXm{_l nw>Ord'2 H$ho Om` h|. Amoa
dmhH$[aH|$ {_{lV Omo nw>Ord h| gmo {H$`m_| hr r{Vdmao hmo` h|. AWmV
nMamm{XH$ VZ_| Omo nyOmH$mo dmh H$mo ho dmhr H$magy nyOm{XH$ {H$`m
H$[ado_| r{Vdmao Omo Ord h| gmo "dmh{_l nw>Ord'3 H$ho Om` h|.
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
220
*BVZ| W_gy gm_m` ar{Vgy {OZ OrdZHo$ D$na AZwJh hmo` ho gmo {\$a
{deofmZwJhH$m| mV hmo` h| gmo "nw{>{_l nw{>Ord' OmZZ|. gmo ^JdmZHo$
A{^m`VmB g~ Om{Zdodmao hmo` h|. Amoa nw{>Ord _`mXm {_{lV hm|` gmo
^JdmZHo$ Y_Hw$ H$Nw>H$ Om{ZHo$ VrWmQ>Z namÙ hmo` h|.
dm{hOrd nw{> {_{lV h| gmo ^JdmZH$o ÔZHo$ AZwH$y b {H$`mHw$ AZwg[adodmao
hmo` h|.VWm dm{hOrd _`mXm {_{lV h| gmo H$_ H$[adodmao hmo` h|.Amoa
dm{hOrd dmh {_{lV h| gmo Ho$db bm{H$H${H$`m_| r{Vdmao hmo` h|, dohr
AmgwarOrd H$ho Om`h|.
Amoa _`mXm_mJu` nw{> {_{lV h| gmo ^JdmZHo$ _mhm`Hw$ Om{ZHo$
^JdmZH$s r{VHo${bò H$_ H$[adodmao hmo` h|. VWm _`mXm_mJu` Ord _`mXm
{_{lV h| gmo dJm{XH$ \$bHo${bò H$_ H$[adodmao hmo` h|. Amoa _`mXm_mJu`
Ord dmh {_{lV h| gmo bm{H$H$ \$bHo${bò H$_ H$[adodmao hmo` h|.
Eg| {_lOrdHo$ Zd ôX h|. Amoa A`V o_H$[aH|$ ^JdmZ {gdm`
A`\y${V a{hV h| gmo ewnw>Ord h|. Ego ^V A{V Xwb^ h|. ^JdmZHo$
a_UH$mo nm `h OJV ho Vmgy a_U$n ^JdmZH$mo H$m` {g hmo`doHo${bò Ego
OwXo-OwXo H$maHo$ OrdZH$s g{> ho. `m| Omo {d{MVm {dZm a_U {g hmo`
Zmht Vmgy {d{M OrdZH$s g{> H$ar ho&&151/2&&
{deof:* Bhmgy lrH$`mUamÒrH$s Q>rH$mHo$ AZwgma OrdZHo$ ôX {bIo h|.
Eg| OrdZ_| OwXo-OwXo ôX h|. Vmgy {dZHo$ Xoh VWm {H$`m{XH$Z_|h OwXmoOwXmo ôX XrIdo_| Amdo ho. {VZ_| nw{>OrdZH$mo \$b H$m`mH$[aH|$ ho Eg| W_
{Z$nU {H$`mo ho. Vm_| {H$VZoH$ ^VZHw$ ^JdmZH$s ~m`mdWmH$mo gwI {_bo
ho, {H$VZoH$ZHw$ nmJS>mdWmH$mo gwI {_bo ho Amoa {H$VZoH$ZHw$ {H$emoam{XH$
AdWmH$mo gwI {_bo ho. Eg| ewnw>ZH$m|h OwXo-OwXo H$maH$mo \$b XrIdo_|
Amdo ho. gmo ewnw{>^VZH$m| OwXmo-OwXmo \$b `m| hmo`? Egr e>m {_Q>m`doH$o {bò
H$hV h|:
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
221
Ed gJ Vw Vo f m {h \$b d {Z$`Vo &&16&&

^JdmZo d {h \$b g `Wm{d^ d o X ^w { d&&
Jw U -d$n-ô X o Z VWm Vo f m \$b ^do V &&17&&
Ed=`m H$magy
Vofm={dZH$s, gJ=g{>
Vw=Vmo({Z${nV={Z${nV H$ar)
A=`hm, Vw=Vmo
\$b=\$bH$mo
{Z$`Vo={Z$nU H$ao h|
{h={ZM`
^JdmZ Ed=^JdmZ hr
\$b=\$b, g=dmo
^w{d=ndrno
JwUd$nôXoZ=JwU Amoad$nHo$ ôXgm|, `Wm=Om H$magm|
Am{d^doV=H$Q> hm|` ho
VWm=dm H$magm|
Vofm={dZHw$, \$b=\$b
^doV=hmo` ho
^mdmW : Eg| OrdZH$mo gJ OwXmo-OwXmo ho. Vm_| nw{>_mJu` OrdZHo$ \$bH$mo

{Z$nU H$aV h|. nw{>_mJ_| JwU Amoa d$n Ho$ ôXH$[aH|$ ^JdmZ Oog| H$Q>
hm|` Vog| nw{> OrdZH$m| \$b hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo ^JdmZHo$ d$nhr_| AmgpVdmao Omo nw>Ord h| {VZHo$ hX`_|
AWdm Jh_| AWdm dXmdZm{XH$ WmZ_| BZHw$ AnZo d$nH$mo AmZX XodHo $o {bò
~m`, H$emoam{XH$ AdWm`wV d$nH$[aH|$ ^JdmZ Oog| JQ> hmo` h| Vogmo
gwI {VZH$m| mV hmo` ho. naVw g~ nw{>^VZHw$ ^JdmZH$mo d$nmZXm_H$hr
\$b {_bo ho&&17&&
Eg| nw{>_mJH$mo \$b A` _mJgy Zmht {_bo ho Eg| {g {H$`mo. A~
{_lnw> OrdZ_| H$moC Wb_| emn ^`mo hmo` Egmo XrIdo_| Amdo ho. gmo
J^Vw{V_| H$mo ho Omo ""kmZ_mJu` Ord Oog| Cm_ nXHw$ M{T>Ho$ \o$[a dhmgy
{JaV h| Vog| AmnHo$ ^V H$~h Zmht {JaV h|''. V~ nw{>_mJu` OrdZH$m| emn
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
222
hmo`Ho$ {JaZmo `mo` Zmht h| Vmo `m| {JaV h|? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
AmgVm ^JdmZo d emn Xmn`{V d{MV &&
Ah>mao @ Wdm bmo H o $ V_mJ WmnZm` {h&&18&&
AmgVm=AmgpV hmo`dono
AWdm=`m, Ah>mao=A{^_mZhmo`dono, bmoHo$=^yVbno
V_mJWmnZm`=dm _mJH$s
WmnZmHo${bò
d{MV=H$~hH$
^JdmZ=^JdmZ
Ed=Eg|, emn=emn
Xmn`{V={Xdmdo h|
^mdmW : {_lnw>OrdZH$m| A`_| AmgpV hmo` AWdm Ah>ma hmo` Vmo H$moC
g_` ^JdmZhr {dZH$m| emn {Xdmd| h|. Vog| H$moC g_` bmoH$_| _`mXmH$mo
WmnZ H$[adoHo${bòh ^JdmZ emn {Xdmd| h|.
_hmZw ^ mdm:
mò U
Vo=do
nmfS>Vm=nmIS>nZoHw$
Z `mpV=mV Zmht hmo` h|
M=Amoa(Vofm={dZHw$ )
amoJmwndm:=amoJ Am{X Cnd
Z=Zmht(^dpV=hmo` h|)
em
ew dho V do &&19&&
mòU=A{YH$ H$aHo$(Vo=do)
_hmZw^mdm:=_hmZw^md
(^dpV=hmo` h|)
em=emH$s
ewdhoVdo=ew{Ho$ H$maU
(^d{V=hmodo h|)
^mdmW : {OZH$m| ^JdmZ emn {Xdmd| h| do ^V, \$m[a bmoH$-doX-^pV_mJgy

{d$ Zmht hm|` h|. VWm CZHw$ amoJm{X Cndh Zmht hm|` h|. ~hmoVH$aHo$ do
_hmZw^md hmo` Om` h|. {dZHw$ ^JdmZ emn$n Omo {ejm Xo` h| gmo Ho$db
{dZH$mo {_l^md {_Q>m`Ho$ ewo_r H$[adoHo${bòhr g_OZmo.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| Oog| ZbHy$~a VWm _{UJrd Hw$ Agam_| AmgpV ^B V~

ZmaXmam emn {Xdm`mo. Vog| {MHo$VwHw$ VWm nar{jVHw$ Ah>ma ^`mo V~
{MHo$VwHw$ nmdVrOrmam Amoa nar{jVHw$ e_rH$Ho$ nw ermam emn {Xdm`mo.
Amoa BwZ amOmZo AJ`_w{Z Amò V~ A`wWmZm{XH$ {H$`mo Zmht V~
bmoH$_| _`mXmH$mo WmnZ H$[adoHo${bò AJ`mam emn {Xdm`mo. Eg| Ohm
{_lnw>OrdZH$m| emnm{XH$ (AnamY?) hmo` ho, (dhm) ^JdmZhr {VZH$m| XS>
{Xdm`H|$ \o$[a nw{>_mJhr_| WmnZ H$ao h|; AWdm bmoH$_| _`mXmH$mo A{VH$_ Z
hmo` Vmgyh emn{Xdmdo h|&&18&&
Q>rH$m : {OZH$m| emn hmo` gmo ^V nmfS>r Zmht hmo` h| {H$Vw A`V ^V
hm|` h|. Vmgyhr ^JdmZZohr XS> {X`mo ho Eg| OmZZm|. Vog| {dZHw$ amoJm{XH$
Cndh Zmht hmo` h|. ~hVH$[aHo$ do _hmZw^md hmo` h|. Vmgy A`Ho${bò ^JdmZ
^VZH$m| Xw:I X|` h| ò Xmofh Zmht ho. VWm{n AnH$maU_| BVZmo XS> XoZmo
H$nmbw ^wHw$ `mo` Zmht ho Eg| H$moC H$ho Vhm H$hV h| Omo ^JdmZ emn {Xdmd|
h| gmo {_lnw>ZH$m| ewnw> H$[adoHo${bò {Xdmdo h|. `{X ^JdmZ {dZH$m| emn
Zmht {Xdmd| Vmo {dZHo$ {_lnZoH$s {Zd{m hmo` Zmht, V~ ewnw>nZmo hmo` Zmht.
Vmgy ewnw>nZm| H$[adoHo${bò emn {Xdmdo h| Vm_| {dZH$m| \$bXodoH$s H$nmhr
H$maU ho&&19&&
{_lnw>ZH$m| ^JdmZhr emn {Xdmd| h| Eg| `m| Om{Z`|? Egr e>m hmo`
Vhm H$hV h|:
{_l nw>^VZ_| {OZH$m| ew H$[adoH$s BN>m ho {dZH$m| Cm_ H$hZo

M{hò V~ EgoZHw$ Egmo ^md `m| ^`mo? Eg| H$moC H$ho Vhm H$hV h|:
Z Vo nmfS>Vm `mpV Z M amo J mw n dm:&&

nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
223
^JdV-VmaVòZ VmaV` ÔpV {h&&

nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
224
^JdmmaVòZ=^wHo$ d$nHo$
VmaV`gm|, (Vo=do){h=h
VmaV`=Va-V_ ^mdHw$
ÔpV=mV hmodo h|
^mdmW : ""`XoH$_`V_ZV$n'' `m lw{Vgm| _mbw_ nS>o ho Ho$ ^JdmZ AZoH$

$ndmaoh h|. Vmgm| ^JdmZ Oogo-Oogo d$nôXH$mo drH$ma H$ao h|, {dZHo$ ^Vh
dogo-dogo ^mdHo$ VmaV`H$m| JhU H$a|h|.
Q>rH$m : ^JdmZ AZV$n h| Vmgy Om ^Jdd$n_| ^pVdmao {_lnw>Ord
hm|` dm d$n_| {OVZmo VmaV` hmo` {dVZmo VmaV` Ordh ^wJVo h|. BVZ|,
`yh_|, H$bm_|, Amdoe_| Amoa nyU_| gy {OZ_| {dZH$s ^pV hmo` {VZ g~ZHo$
VmaV`gy {_lnw>^VH$moh VmaV` hmo` ho. Vmgyhr g>fUHo$ CnmgH$ {MHo$Vw
nmdVrHo$ emngy dmgwa hmo`Ho$ Bgy O~ `w H$aV hVo V~ {dZZo g>fUHo$
MaU_|hr _ZH$mo {Zdoe {H$`mo hVmo. Amoa BwZamOm {ZJwUd$nHo$ CnmgH$
hVo , gmo AJ`_w { ZHo $ emngy JOo ^ò V~h Vw { V_| ({dZZ| )
{ZJwU(d$n)H$mohr dUZ {H$`mo ho. Vog| ^JdmZH$mo d$n VWm {dZHo$ ÔZHo$
H$maHo$ VmaV`gy ^VZH$m| \$b_|h VmaV` hmo` ho. BVZ| Oogr ^pV hmo`
Vogmo ^Jdd$nH$mo Am{d^md hmo` ho Amoa dmhr _mU \$b hmo` ho&&191/2&&
nw>^VZH$m| O~ Ho$db ^JdnamÙnZmohr ho V~ {dZH$m| lmV-_mV
H$_mMaU H$V` ho qH$dm Zmht? Vog| Omo ^V lmV-_mV H$_ H$aV h| gmo
`m| H$aV h|? Egr e>mH$s {Zd{mHo${bò A~ nw>OrdH$mo d$n Om{Zdo_| Amdo
Vog| {dZH$mo bjU H$hV h|. Vmgy dmhr ggm| g~ZH$mo bjU H$hV h|:
d { XH$d bm { H$H$d H$mnQ mV Vo f w Zm`Wm&&20&&
d Udd {h ghO VVmo @ ` {dn` ` :&&
Vofw ={dZ_|
Z=Zmht(ApV=ho)
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
225
d{XH$d=d{XH$nZm|(M=Amoa)
bm{H$H$d=bm{H$H$nZm|
H$mnQmV=H$nQ>gy(ApV=ho)
A`Wm = Amoa Vahgy
dUdd=dUdnZmo
{h=hr, ghO=ghO
A`=A` g~ OJh
VV:=dmgy, {dn``:={d
(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : nw>^VZ_| d{XH${H$`m Amoa bm{H$H${H$`m ho gmo H$nQ>nZogy ho,

AmgpVnZogy Zmht ho. Amoa dUdnZmo ho gmo {dZH$mo d^mdhr ho. naVw _`mXm
Ord Amoa bm{H$H$ OrdZ _| `mgy {d$ hmo` ho. AWmV dUdnZmo H$nQ>nZogy
Amoa d{XH$nZmo d^mdgy VWm dUdnZmo H$nQ>nZogy Amoa `dhmamgpV d^mdgy
hmo` ho
Q>rH$m : gmo JrVmOr_| H$mo ho Omo ""H$__| AmgpVdmao AkmZr OZ Oog| H$_
H$a| h| Vog| H$__| AmgV Z hmo` gmoh bmoH$H$m| {ejm XodoHo${bò H$ao''. gmo
AnwZmo ^VnZmo JwV am{IdoHo${bò d{XH$H$_ VWm bm{H$H$H$_ H$[aHo$ AnZmo
d{XH$nZmo VWm bm{H$H$nZmo OVmdo. Vog|hr ^VZHw$ h d{XH$-bm{H$H$ H$_
H$[adoH$mo H$Nw> `moOZ Zmht hmoV ho, VWm{n {dZHw$ Xo{IHo$ Xygao bmoJh d{XH$
VWm bm{H$H$ _`mXm_| ah| Vmgy H$aZmo, naVw AmgpVgy H$aZm| Zmht. ""H$nQ>nZogy
H$aZmo'' Eg| Omo H$mo ho VmH$mo òhr A{^m` ho.
VWm _`mXm_mJu` OrdZH$mo dUdnZmo VWm bm{H$H$nZmo H$nQ>gyhr hmo`
ho Amoa d{XH$nZmo (_`mXm_mJu`nZmo) dm^m{dH$ ho. Amoa dmhr OrdZH$mo
dUdnZmo VWm d{XH$nZmo H$nQ>nZogy ho Amoa bm{H$H$nZmo dm^m{dH$ ho&&201/
2
&&
nw{>, dmh Amoa _`mXm Eg| VrZ H$maHo$ O~ Ord h| V~ {H$VZoH$ g~Z_|
g_mZ{>dmao Amoa g~ Y_Z_| A{^{Zdoedmao `m| XrIdo_| AmdV h|? Eg|
Om{ZdoH$s BN>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
226
g~pYZVw ò Ordm:
"Mf U r'eX-dm`mg
jUmV gdd_ Am`mpV
Vo f m {H $ `m@Zw g mao U
ò=Omo, g~pYZ:=g~Ydmao
Ordm:=Ord, VWm=Amoa(ò=Omo)
dmhWm:=dmh_mJ_|aho^ò
Anam=Xygao(OrdmOm` h|
Vo = do, Vw=Vmo, gd}=g^r
Am`mpV=mV hmo` h|
Vofm=CZH$s, {M:={M
Hw${MV=H$h, Z=Zmht
(^d{V=hmoV ho)
dmhWmg VWm@nao &&21&&

Vo Vo gd} gd - d_ g w &&
{Mg Vofm Z Hw${MV&&22&&
gd gH$b \$b_ &&
"MfuUr'edm`m:="MfuUr'Zm_gynhoMmZo Om` h|
Vo=do, gd}=g~ OJh
gdd_gw=g~Vahgy ~aVdodmao
jUmV=jUâ, gdd=gdnZoHw$
gd=g~ OJh,Vofm={dZHw$
{H$`mZwgmaoU={H$`mHo$ AZwgma
gH$b=gH$b, \$b=\$b
(^d{V=hmo` ho)
^mdmW : nw{>, dmh Amoa _`mXm ò VrZm| _mJZgy g~Ydmao (_mJHo$ Zmht)
Omo Ord h| Amoa {dZgyh hrZ Xygao Omo dm{hOrd h| gmo g~ _mJ_| jU-jU_|
Amd|-Omd| h|. naVw H$moC _mJ_| {dZH$s {M hmoV Zmht ho. {dZH$m| Oogr {H$`m
H$ao Vm_mU g~ _mJZ_| {H$pMV-{H$pMV \$b hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo nMam_| _`_ Amoa AY_ Ord H$h| h| gmo ò "MfUrOrd' H$ho
Om` h|. {dZH$s J{V `_Ho$ AmYrZ ho. {dZ_|gy Omo VrZm| _mJHo$ g~Ydmao Ord
h| gmo O_-_aUhr {b`mo H$aV h|. Amoa dm{h_| h| {VZH$s J{V ZaH$_|
ho&&221/2&&
Eg| ggy AmB ^B g~ hH$sH$V H${hHo$ dmhH$mo ôX H$_gy mV ^`mo
ho VmH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
227
dmhWmZ d`m{_ d$nm-{H $ `m`w V mZ &&23&&

OrdmVo mgw a m: gd} ""d q m Mo { V'' d{U V m:&&
Vo M {Ym H$s` Vo k-Xw k - {dô X V:&&24&&
Xw k m Vo ^Jdmo Vm kmg VmZ AZw ò nw Z :&&
d$nm-{H$`m-`wVmZ=d$nA Amoa {H$`m g{hV
dmhWmZ=dmh_mJuZHw$
Amgwam=Amgwa (gpV=h|)
dqm M=d{m Amoa
B{V=`m H$magy
d{UVm=d{UV
(gpV=h|) M=Amoa
Ak-Xwk{dôXV:=Ak
Amoa Xwk Ego ôXgy
d`m{_=AmN>r^m{Vgm|H$hJmo
Vo=do, gd}=g^r
Ordm=Ord, {h={ZpMV$ngy
{Ym=Xmo H$maHo$
H$s`Vo=H$ho Om` h|(ò=Omo)
^JdmoVm:=^JdmZmamH$hoJòh|
Vo=do, Xwkm:=Xwk
ò=Omo, nwZ:={\$a
VmZ={dZHw$, AZw=AZwH$aUh|
Vo=do, Akm:=Ak h|
^mdmW : d$n Xoh {H$`mgy `wV dmh_mJu` OrdZHw$ _ H$hJmo. ""dqm M

{Zdqm M OZm Z {dXwamgwam:'' B`m{X bmoH$Zgm| JrVmOr_| {OZH$mo dUZ
^JdmZZo {H$`mo ho do g~ "Amgwa' (dmhr) Ord h|. do Ord Ak Amoa Xwk BZ
Xmo ôXZgm| Xmo H$maHo$ H$ho h| `h {ZM` ho. Omo Ord CZ AmgwaZH$mo AZwH$aU
H$a| h| do "Ak' H$ho Om` h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, ^JdmZZ| JrVmOrHo$ fmoS>em`m_| ""AmgwarOrd d{m-{Zd{mHw$
Zmht OmZo h|'' Bhmgy Ama^ H$[aHo$ ""Vm nmN>| AY_J{VHw$ mV hmo` h|'' `hm
VmB {OZ OrdZH$mo {Z$nU {H$`mo ho gmo g~ AmgwarOrd h|. {VZ_| g~ bjU
`{n g~Z_| Z hm|` VWm{n {OVZo bjU {bIo h| {VZ_|gy H$Nw>H$ bjUdmaoh
Ord hm|` Vmoh AmgwaOrd OmZZ|. gmo Ord Ak Amoa Xwk Ego ôXgy Xmo H$maHo$
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
228
h|. Vm_| JrVmOr_| ^JdmZZ| {OZH$mo d$n {b`mo ho gmo "Xwk' OmZZ|. Amoa {dZ
Xwk OrdZHw$ AZwg[adodmao Omo Ord h| gmo "Ak' OmZZ|. gmo Ak OrdZHw$ XwkZHo$
ggy ^JdmZ VWm ^VZ_| of ^`mo hmo` gmo of O~ Ny>Q>o V~ AnZr H${V_|
Am` Om` h|. {dZH$m| ^JdmZHo$ g of hmo` V~ `{X ^JdmZ d` _ma| V~
_wV hm|`. Vmgy ^JdmZZo _mao Ego Omo-Omo Agwa _wV ^ò h| gmo g~ Ak
OmZZ|&&241/2&&
D$naHo$ {Z$nU_| mdm{hH$gJ Amgwa Amoa hrZ H$mo ho. V~ Egr Amgwa
g{>_| Vmo Amgwa OrdH$shr Cn{m hmoZr M{hò, ^JdmZHo$ AZwJh`mo` OrdZH$s
Cn{m Zmht hmoZr M{hò! Amoa ~{bamOm VWm bmX Am{XH$H$s Cn{m
Amgwar Hw$b_| Xo{Ido_| AmdV ho, Amoa {dZHo$ D$na ^JdmZH$mo AZwJhh Xo{Ido_|
AmdV ho gmo Ho$g|? Eg| OmZdoH$s H$moCHw$ BN>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
dmho @ {n g_mJ` nw { >Wg V a Z `w `Vo &&25&&
gmo @ {n V g VHw $ bo OmV: H$_ U m Om`Vo `V:&&
&& B{V lrdbm^mMm`{da{MV: nw{>dmh_`mXmôX: gnyU: &&
nw{>W:=nw{>_mJ_|amo^`mo
dmho=dmh_mJ_|
g_mJ`=Am`Ho$, A{n=h
V:={dZHo$(gh=gS>J)
Z=Zmht, `w`Vo={_{bOm` ho
g:=dmo, A{n=h
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, nw{>_mJu` Ord `{X dmh_| Am` Omdo Vmoh dmhrZ_| AmJ_Z
^ògy do AmgwaY_gm| `wV Zmht hmo` h|. Amoa ^JdX AnamY AWdm ^VZH$mo
AnamY {H$`mo hmo` Vmo Ego H$_H$[aH|$ AmgwaHw$b_| O_ hmo` ho. naVw,
AmgwaY_ {dZ_| Zmht Amdo ho. Amoa O_ hmoZm| gmo Vmo H$_gy hmo` ho. òhr
{Z~Y_| ^pVH$aU_| H$mo ho Omo ""`m ^pV_mJ_|h doXH$s {ZXm H$a| AWdm
AY_ H$a| Vmo ZaH$_| Vmo mV Z hmo` naVw hrZ `mo{Z_| O_ hmo`''&&251/2&&
Bhmgy AJmS>r dmh_mJu` OrdZHo$ `moOZ, d$n, gmYZ, A, {H$`m
Amoa \$b VWm _`mXm_mJu` OrdZHo$ `moOZ, d$n, A, {H$`m, gmYZ Amoa
\$b {dfo {OVZo JWgy Om{Zdo_| Amd| {VVZm| JW hmoZmo M{hò. naVw AmYw{ZH$
OrdZHo$ maYde Bhmgy AJmS>r JW {_bo Zmht ho `mgy {OVZmo JW {_bo ho
{VVZoH$mo `m`mZ {b`mo ho (Eg| lrnwfmom_Or {bIV h|).
B{V lrdb^mMm` {da{MV nw{>dmh_`mXmH$s
Jmodm{_ lrZqghbmbmOr_hmamO {da{MV
Q>rH$m dO^mfm_| gnyU ^B&&
V:={dZgy (Z=Zmht
`w`Vo={_{bOm` ho)
`V:=`m|Ho$
H$_Um:=H$_Zgy
VHw$bo=dm Hw$b_|
OmV:=O`mo(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : Omo nw{>_mJu` Ord h| gmo ^JdmZH$mo AWdm ^VH$mo AnamY H$a| Vmo
AmgwaHw$b_| {dZH$mo O_ hmo` ho. VWm{n dmh_| Am`H|$h do AmgwaY__|
AmgV Zmht hmo` h|.
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
229
nw{>dmh_`mXmôX:
230
&& {gmVah`_ &&

(10)
O~ lrR>mHw$aOrZ| AnZo _Z_| BpN>V H$madmamo ew nw{>_mJ H$Q>
H$[adoH$s BN>m H$ar V~, AnZo _wIma{dX$n lrAmMmÒr lr_hm^yOrZH$mo
hr Egmo ^pV_mJ H$Q> H$[adoH$mo gm_` Om{ZHo$, ndrHo$ D$na H$Q>
hmo`doH$s Amkm XrZr. V~ lrAmMmÒrh ^JdmZH$mo A{^m` Om{ZHo$, {dZH$s
AmkmHo$ AZwgma H$Q> hmo`Ho$, ^JdmZH$mo BpN>V H$madmamo nw{>^pV_mJ
H$Q> H$aVo ^ò. Vm_| AnZo _mJH$s ^pVH$mo d$n, go` ^wH$mo d$n;
VWm godmH$mo H$ma H$h Xygao _mJZHo$ H$maV| {_b Z Omdo VmHo${bò _mUnydH$
{dbjUVmgy {Z$nU {H$`mo. Eg| Xygaoh Y_, AW, H$m_ Amoa _moj ò Mmam|
nwfmW VWm `mJ-{ddoH$m{XH$ h Xygao _mJgy {^Z {Z$nU {H$ò h|. VWm{n
nyOm_mJ_| Xmof{Zd{mHo${bò ^yVew{ ^{V Oog| {H$ò Om` h| Vog| d_mJ_|
gdXmofH$s {Zd{mnydH$ godmHo$ H$maH$mo {dMma Zmht {H$`mo ho -Eg| {MVm
H$[aHo$ O~ lrAmMmÒr {dMma_| namÙ ^ò V~ AmZX_m H$a-nmX_wImoXam{X$n lrR>mHw$aOr H$Q> hmo`Ho$ godm_| {V~Y H$[adodmao XmofZH$s
{Zd{mH$mo `WmW H$ma Om_| Am` Om` ho; Amoa Oog| AJmS>rh OrdZ n`V
godm_| XmofH$mo doe Z hmo` Vog| CnXoe H$aV ^ò. dmhr CnXoeHw$ AnZo X`_|
g_{PHo$ Om _mg_|, Om nj_|, Om {V{W_| Amoa Om g_`_| lrR>mHw$aOrZ| CnXoe
{H$`mo gmo g~ AnZo ^VZHw$ OVm`doHo${bò H$hV h|:
lmdU`m@_bo njo EH$mX`m
gmjmX ^JdVm mo V VXjae
lmdU`=lmdUHo$
A_boA_b, njo=nj_|
EH$mX`m=EH$mXerHw$
_hm{Z{e=_àm{_|
^JdVm=^JdmZmam
_hm{Z{e&&
C`Vo &&1&&
gmjmV=gmjmV (`V=Omo)
moV=H$mo
VX=dmo
Ajae:=Aja-Aja
C`Vo=H${hdo_| Amdo ho
{gmVah`_
231
^mdmW :lmdU_mgHo$ ewbnj_|, EH$mXer {V{W_|, _àm{Ho$ g_` gmjmV

^JdmZZ| AnZo A{^m`nydH$ Omo H$mo ho gmo EH$-EH$ Ajagy `m JW_|
H$mo Om` ho.
Q>rH$m : ldU ZjHo$ XodVm {dUw h|. gmo ldU ny{U_mHo$ {XZ AWdm ny{U_mH$s
gpZ{hV {V{W_| Amdo ho Vmgy "lmdU_mg' H$mo Om` ho. BVZ|, ldU Zj
{dUwg~pY ho. dmHo$ g~Ygyhr _mgH$mo Zm_ "lmdU' ^`mo ho. Vmgy _mgH$mo
^Jdg~pYnZm| OVm`mo ho. Amoa "ewbnj' H$hoZmo M{hò VmHo$ WmZno
"A_bnj' H${hdoH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo ^JdmZHo$ njdmao g~ {ZXw> hmo` h|,
H$mh H$maH$mo Xmof {dZ_| Zmht hmoV ho. Amoa EH$mXe Bp`ZHo$ XmofH$s {Zd{m
H$[adodmar EH$mXer {V{W ho. Vmgy dmhr {V{W_| lrR>mHw$aOrZo CnXoe {H$`mo ho.
Amoa lrJmoHw$bHo$ AVa ^VZH$m| gd nwfmWH$s {g{Ho${bò Oogo _àm{Ho$
g_` mXw^md ho, Vog| Bhmh lrAmMmÒrHo${bò H$Q> hmo`Ho$, {dZHo$ mam
VXr` ^VZHw$ gd nwfmW {g H$[adoHo${bò _àm{Ho$ g_` H$Q> ^ò h|.
lrJmoHw$b_| Oog| `yh a{hV gmjmV nyU nwfmom_H$mohr mH$Q hmo`H|$ ^VZH$mo
A{^b{fV {H$`mo ho, Vog| Bhmh ^VZH$mo A{^b{fV {g hmo`doHo${bò nyU
nwfmom_H$mo mH$Q> ho Eg| OVm`doH$o {bò "gmjmV' nX H$mo ho. Amoa godH$mam,
dZmam qH$dm AmH$medmUrmam CnXoe Zmht {H$`mo ho {H$Vw lrAmMmÒrH$s
mWZmHo$ {dZmhr gmjmV nwfmom_$n JQ> hmo`H|$ ~g~Y$n gmYZH$mo
CnXoe {H$`mo ho.
Amoa ewbnj_| Oog| {XZ-{XZ {V MH$s H$bm A{YH$ hmo` ho Vog|
~g~Ygy XohHo$ Xmof- BVZo Am{Y^m{VH$ Xmof -{Zdm hmo`H|$ {XZ-{XZ
{V A{YH$ ewVm hmo`Jr. VWm EH$mXerHo$ {XZ Cndmg hmo` ho. VmH$[aH|$
kmZop` nmM, nmM H$_}p` Amoa EH$ _Z Eg| EH$mXe Bp`ZHo$ Xmof {Zdm
hmo` h| -ò Am`mp_H$ XmofH$s {Zd{m H$hr ho. Amoa AnZo ^VZH$m| d$nmZXH$mo
XmZ H$[adoHo${bò VWm BZH$s ajm H$[adoHo${bò _àm{Ho$ g_` ^w H$Q> ^ò
h| Vmgy _àm{H$mo g_` Am{YX{dH$ XmofZH$s {Zd{m H$[adodmamo ho. Eg|
~g~Y H$[adodmao OrdZ_| VrZ H$maHo$ Xmof g~ {Zdm hmo` h| Eg| OVm`mo
ho.
{gmVah`_
232
lrR>mHw$aOrZo Omo dm` H$ho h| {dZHo$ A{^m`$n `h JW ho Eg| mMrZ

Q>rH$mH$maZH$mo A{^m` ho. Amoa lrnwfmom_OrH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo
EH$mXeH$Y_| {Vr`m`m`_| H${d`moJodaZo VWm VVr`m`m`_| ~w`moJodaZo
g~ ^JdmZ H $m| An U H$[ado H $mo {b`mo ho , Vo g | `mah_| A`m`_|
gXmV(=gnwfZZ| OmH$mo AmXa {H$`mo ho gmo) ^pVH$mo {Z$nU ho, Vhm
XmgnZogy Am_{ZdoXZ H$[adoH$mo {b`mo ho; Amoa CZrg_| A`m`_|
_h{_`(=_hnwfZH$m| Ty>{ T>do `mo`) ^pV`moJH$mo {Z$nU ho, dhmh ^Jd_H$o
A{YH$ma$n Am_{ZdoXZ {b`mo ho; {dZH$mohr AZwdmX `m JW_| hmo`Jmo Egr
e>mH$s {Zd{mHo${bò ~g~YH$s AmkmH$mo _mg, nj, {V{W ^{V H$mo
ho.
XohOrd`mo:=XohAmoaOrdHo$
gdXmof{Zd{m:=g~ XmofZH$s {Zd{m
{h={ZpMVhr(^d{V=hmo` ho)
Xmofm:=Xmof
nM{dYm:=nmM H$maHo$
_Vm:=h|
bmoH$-doX{Z${nVm:=bmoH$doX_| {Z${nV
O{ZV
g`moJOm:=g`moJgy O{ZV
M=Amoa
neOm:=negy O{ZV
H$WMZ=H$moB^r Vahgy
(h[agodm`m=^wH$s godm_|,
{V~YH$m:={V~YH$)
Z=Z, _V`m:=_mZZo
Amoa lrR>mHw$aOrZo H$Q> hmo`Ho$ nMmja _ VWm dmH$s Q>rH$m$n J

VWm bmoH$$n ò dm` H$ho h|. {VZ_|gy nMmja _ VWm dmH$s Q>rH$m$n
J_, _ar{VHo$ AZwgma JyT> amIZo M{hò Vmgy {dZHw$ Zmht H$ho h|. Amoa
{gmV$n bmoH$ Omo lrR>mHw$aOrZ| H$ho h| gmo `m JW_| {bIo h|&&1&&
^mdmW : ~g~Y H$[adogy g~ZHo$ Xoh Amoa Ord Ho$ g~ XmofZH$s {Zd{m
hmo` ho. gmo Xmof nmM H$maHo$ {g h|. ghO Xmof, Xoegy CnZ ^ò Xmof,
H$mbgy CnZ ^ò Xmof, g`moJgy ^ò Xmof Amoa negy ^ò Xmof -Eg| nmM
H$maHo$ Xmof bmoH$_| VWm doX_| {Z$nU {H$ò h|. AWdm ghOXmof, Xof-H$mbgy
CnZ ^ò Xmof, bmoH$ VWm doX _| {Z$nU {H$ò Ego Xmof, g`moJgy ^ò Xmof
Amoa negy ^ò Xmof -Eg| nmM H$maHo$ Xmof h|. gmo H$mh ar{Vgy Zmht _mZZo.
Ego lrR>mHw$aOrZo Om g_` CnXoe {H$`mo ho dm g_`H$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$

d_mJu` godmHo$ {V~Y$n Omo AgmYmaU Xmof h| {VZH$s {Zd{mH$mo H$ma
Omo ^JdmZZ| H$mo ho gmo H$hV h|:
Q>rH$m : `hm lrnwfmom_Ho$ gJ ~hmoV H$mbgy {Vamo{hV ^`mo g~Y \o$[a H$Q>
hmo` ho VWm{n dmH$mo Zm_ "~g~Y' ho VmH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo Oog| ~
{ZXm}f Amoa gd g_mZ ho Vog| `h g~Yh {ZXm}f VWm g_mZ hmo` ho.
~ g~Y-H$aUmV
gd} f m
Xo h Ord`mo : &&
gd X mo f -{Zd { ma {h Xmo f m nM{dYm _ V m&&2&&
ghOm Xo e -H$mbmo Wm bmo H $-do X -{Z${nVm&&
g ` mo J Om ne O mM Z _V`m H$WMZ&&3&&
~g~YH$aUmV=~g~Y
H$[adogy, gd}fm=g~ZHo$
ghOm:ghO
Xoe-H$mbmoWm:=Xoe-H$mbgy
{gmVah`_
233
- Xoh nM_hm^yVZH$mo ho Amoa nM_hm^yVZ_| ^JdmZH$mo g~Y Z

hmo`dogy Xmof hmo` ho. gmo nyOm _mJ_| Omo ^yVewm{XH$gy {Zdm hmo`
ho gmo "ghOXmof' ho.
- Amoa nyOmHo$ WmZ_| ^yVm{XH$ZH$mo AngaU H$ao h| Amoa AmgZm{XH$H$s
ew{ H$ao h| gmo "XoeXmof' H$ho Om` h|.
- V|g| mV:H$mbH$mo hmo_ H$[aHo$ AWdm ~`k H$[aHo$ AWdm _m`mpZH$
H$_ H$[aHo$ nwfmom_H$mo nyOZ H$aZmo Eg| "_amO-AZw>w n'Ho$ {dYmZH$mo
dm` ho. Vmgy Xygao H$mb_| nyOm H$[ado_| "H$mbXmof' Amdo ho.
{gmVah`_
234
- Amoa ""nyOm{XH$gy ~bmoH$ {_bo ho'' Egmo dm` ho. Vmgy nyOmgy
~bmoH$ mV hmo`. \o$[a ""~bmoH$ n`V nwZamd{m hmo` ho'' Egmo
JrVmOr_| H$mo ho, Vmgy nwZamd{m$n Xmof H$mo ho (gmo "bmoH${Z${nV
Xmof' OmZZmo).
- Amoa d{XH$ _Zgy nyOm{XH$ H$[ado_|h `yZm{V[aV XmofH$s g^mdZm
ho. VmHo${bò {dUw_aU H$aZmo nao ho. ò"doX{Z${nV Xmof' ho.
- Amoa nyOm_| A{^foH$m{XH$Ho${bò d{XH$ _Ho$ gH$madmamo emoXH$
hmo` Vm_| gmYmaU ObH$mo g`moJ hmo` gmo "g`moJOXmof'ho.
- Amoa _yb_| "M'H$ma ho Vmgy Zdo ^{V_| Amoah Omo g~ AmJVwH$ Xmof
h| gmo g~ H${h Jò h|.
- Amoa nyOm{XH$_| Cn`wV nmm{XH$ nXmW, nwn Amoa MXZm{XH$Z H$m|
r-eym{XH$H$mo ne hmo` gmo "neXmof' ho.
-Eg| nmM H$maHo$ Xmof ^pV_mJ_| Zmht _mZZ| Eg| lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH$mo
A{^m` ho.
- Amoa XohHo$ gJ CnZ ^ò Ego Hw$>, An_ma Am{X amoJ h|, Vog| OrdHo$
gJ CnZ ^ò Ego H$m_-H$moYm{XH$ Xmof h| gmo "ghOXmof' H$ho Om`
h|.
- Amoa _JYXoe VWm boN>m{XH$ZHo$ Xoe_| VrW`mmHo$ {gdm` Om` Vmo
\o$[a gH$ma H$aZmo nao Eg| Y_em_| {b`mo ho gmo Xmof "XoemoW' H$ho
Om` h|.
- Amoa amH$mb VWm H${b ^{V H$mb ho Vmgy Y_H$s {Zd{m$n Omo Xmof
h| gmo "H$mbmoW' Xmof H$ho Om` h|.
- Amoa n{VVm{XH$ZH$mo ggJ hmo` gmo "g`moJXmof' H$mo Om` ho.
- Amoa Bp` VWm nXmW H$mo g`moJ hmo` gmo "neOXmof' H$mo Om` ho.
- _yb_| Omo "M'H$ma {b`mo ho Vmgy H$_gy Omo Xmof hmo` ho gmo "H$_OXmof'h
Am` Om` h|.
{gmVah`_
235
- gmo g~ Xmof bmoH$ VWm doX _| H$ho h|. Oog| Ho$e, ^_ ^VrZgy Xy{fV
Xoe_| ahZmo, g`mHo$ g_` MmohQ>o_| ~oR>Zmo, boN>m{XH$ZH$mo ne
H$aZmo, _wI_| _WwZ H$aZmo, ma {gdm` Jh_| doe H$aZmo B`m{XH$
Xmof "bmoH${g' h|.
- Amoa ApZhmodmamo AnZo{bò D$fa ^y{__| Z Om`, A_md`m VWm
ny{U_m ^{V {V{W_| rHo$ nmg Z Om`, _b`wV hmo` V~ ~mobo Zmht
B`m{XH$ Xmof "doX{g' h|.
-ò gd{g Xmof {Zdm hm|` Ego Zmht h| VWm{n H$mh ar{Vgy _mZZo
Zmht. BVZ| ^JdmZH$mo g~Y {g hmo` V~ ò Xmof H$hm H$[a gH|$? H$Nw>h
Zmht H$[a gH|$ Eg| lraKwZmWOrH$mo A{^m` ho.
- Amoa A{dmH$mo g~Y ^ògy A{^_mZm{XH$ hmo` ho gmo OrdHo$ ghO
Xmof h|. VWm H$m_-H$moYm{XH$ {bXohHo$ ghO Xmof h|. Amoa _mVm{nVm_| Omo Xmof VWm amoJ aho hm|` gmo gV{V_| Amd| gmo WybXohHo$
ghO Xmof h|.
- Amoa Xoe VWm H$mb gy Omo-Omo Xmof hmo` h| gmo XohHw$ h| OrdHw$ Zmht h|.
O|go _JY Xoe_| J`mOr ^{V n{d Wb h|, A` g~ An{d h|.
Oog| _Xoe gJamo An{d ho. Ego An{d Xoe_| O_ ^ògy VWm {dZ
XoeZ_| J_Z H$[adogy Omo Xmof hm|` h| gmo "XoemoWXmof' H$ho Om` h|.
- Amoa H${bH$mbgy, Xw>_whVgy VWm AdWmgy Omo Xmof hmo` h| gmo
"H$mbmoWXmof' H$ho Om` h|.
- Amoa kmZnydH$ H$m_H$s d{mgy _ZH$mo `moJ ^ògy Omo Xmof CnZ hmo`
h| gmo "g`moJOXmof' H$ho Om` h|.
- Amoa H$mhHo$ negy Omo Xmof CnZ hm|` h| gmo "neOXmof' H$ho Om`
h|.
-gmo g~ Xmof bmoH$_| VWm doX_| {Z${nV h|. VWm{n ^pV_mJ_| Xoh,
Bp`, AV:H$aU Amoa {dZHo$ Y_ g{hV g~ZH$mo AnU ^JdmZHw$ {H$`mo ho,
{gmVah`_
236
Vmgy g~ ^JdmZHo$ ^ò h|, gmo ^JdmZH$s godm_| {V~Y Zmht H$a| h|. Vmgy
BZ XmofZH$s {Zd{m_| `Z Zmht H$aZmo. `m| Omo g~ ^JdXr` h| Egmo
AZwgYmZ aho V~ ò Xmof ~mYH$ Zmht hm|` Egmo lrnwfmom_OrH$mo A{^m` ho.
Amoa W_H$YHo$ gV_m`m`_| AOwZH$s Vw{V_| lrgw~mo{YZrOr_|H$_O, H$mbO, d^mdO, _m`moX^d Amoa XoemoX^d -Eg| Omo nmM Xmof {bIo
h| gmo Amoa `hm {bIo nmM Xmof EH$ hr g_OZo. Vm_| dhm "d^mdO' {bIo h|
gmo `hm "ghO' Xmof {bIo h|. dhm "H$mbO' Xmof {bIo h| gmo `hm "H$mbmoW'
Xmof g_OZo. dhm "XoemoX^d' Xmof {bIo h| gmo `hm "XoemoW' Xmof g_OZo. dhm
"_m`moX^d' Xmof {bIo h|- gmo A{dmHo$ g`moJgy dY_ VWm ^Jd_ H$mo
AkmZ hmo` ho -gmo `hm "g`moJO' Xmof g_OZo. Amoa dhm "H$_O' Xmof {bIo
h| gmo `hm "neO' Xmof g_OZo -Eg| lrbmby^>OrZo {b`mo ho.
(Cna H$ho) gmo g~ Xmof XrIdo_| Amdo h| VWm{n XY ^ò dH$s{g ZmB
H$Nw> H$m` H$[a gHo$ Zmht h|. Vmgy do Xmof ^Jdgodm_| {V~Y H$a|Jo Eg| Zmht
_mZZmo. `m| Omo ^JdmZ {ZXw> h|. {dZH$mo g~Y ^ògy Xoh, Bp`, AV:H$aU
Amoa {dZHo$ gd Y_ {ZXw> hmo` Om` h|&&2-3&&
^JdmZ {ZXw> h| Vmgy Omo Xmofa{hV hmo` VmH$mohr g~Y ^JdmZgy hmoZmo
M{hò, naVw O~ VmB Xoh VWm Bp` Am{XHo$ Xmof {ZdV Zmht ^ò hm|` Vhm
VmB {dZH$mo g~Y ^yZgm| Ho$g| hmo` gHo$? Vmgy W_ Xmofa{hV H$[aHo$ nmN>|
^JdmZH$mo AnU H$[ado_| H$hm haH$V ho? Eg| H$moB H$ho Vhm H$hV h|:
A`Wm gd X mo f mUm Z {Zd { m: H$WMZ&&
Ag_ { nV-dVy Z m V_mX dO Z _ AmMao V &&4&&
A`Wm=Zmht Vmo
gdXmofmUm=g~ XmofZH$s
{Zd{m:={Zd{m
V_mV=Vmgy
Ag_{nV-dVyZm=g_{nVZ hmo` Egr dVyZH$mo
{gmVah`_
237
H$WMZ=H$moB^r H$magy
Z=Zmht (^d{V=hmoV ho)
dOZ =`mJ
AmMaoV=H$aZmo
^mdmW : Xoh, Bp`, mU, AV:H$aU Am{X g~ ^JdmZH$m| AnU {H$ò {~Zm
gd XmofZH$s {Zd{m H$mh A` H$magy Zmht hmo` ho. Vmgy OmH$mo g_nU
^JdmZH$m| Zmht ^`mo hmo` Egr Ag_{nV dVw AnZo Cn`moJ_| Zmht boZr,
Ag_{nV dVwH$mo `mJhr H$aZmo.
Q>rH$m : BVZo lr_X^mJdVHo$ f>H$Y_| lrewH$XodOrZo H$mo ho Omo Vn,
~M`, empV, Bp`{ZJh, XmZ, g`, n{dVm BZ g~Zgm| Yra nwf
lm`wV hmo`Ho$ Xoh, dmUr Amoa ~w{ gy CnZ ^`mo Egmo ~S>mo nmn hmo` VmHw$h,
ApZ Oogo H$m>Hw$ XY H$ao ho Vog| XY H$ao ho''. AWmV ApZ H$m>Hw$ XY H$ao
ho Vm_| ^_ ^{V eof aho h| Vog| Vn Am{Xgy nmn XY hmo`noh Vm_| _{bZVm
H$[adodmamo H$Nw>H$ Xmof Vmo ~mH$s aho hr ho. Vmgy dhmhr \o$[a H$mo ho Omo
""dmgwXod ^JdmZHo$ namÙ {H$VZoH$ ^V, Oogo gy` am{_| ^ò AmogHo$ ObH$mo
{Z:eof Zme H$ao ho Vog|, Ho$db ^pVH$[aH|$ g_J nmnH$mo Zme H$ao h|''. Vmgy
^pVgy nmnH$mo Oogmo Zme hmo` ho Egmo Xygao gmYZgy Zmht hmo` ho. Vmgy
Ag_{nV dVwH$mo `mJhr H$aZmo&&4&&
Eg| Ag_{nV dVwH$mo `mJ H$a| V~ bm{H$H$-Abm{H$H$ `dhma Ho$g|
{g hmo`? Vhm AY^wVHo$ {ZdoXZH$mo {ZfoY H$[aHo$ gdXm H$V`H$mo H$ma
H$hV h|:
{Zdo { X{^: g_` d gd Hw $ `m X B{V pW{V:&&
Z _V Xo d Xo d ` gm{_^w V-g_n U _ &&5&&
g_`=g_nU H$aHo$
Ed=hr
B{V=Egmo
pW{V:={gmV(ApV=ho)
{gmVah`_
238
{Zdo{X{^:={Zdo{XVHo$ mam
(nXmW:=nXmWZgy)
gd=g~ H$Nw>
Hw$`mV=H$ao
XodXod`=XodHo$^r XodHw$
gm{_^wVg_nU=AY^wVH$mo g_nU
Z=Zmht
_V=g_V ho
^mdmW : nw{>_mJH$s ar{Vgy AmMm`mam Om OrdH$mo {ZdoXZ ^`mo ho dm OrdHw$

^JdmZH$m| AnU H$[aHo$hr g~ H$m` H$aZo, Egr ^pV_mJH$s Xmofa{hV _`mXm
ho. Vm_| Omo AY^wV nXmW hm|` gmo XodZHo$ Xod ^yZH$m| g_nU H$[ado`mo` Zmht
h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, 1{ZdoXZ 2XmZ Amoa 3AnU Eg| VrZ H$ma h|. Vm_| dVwH$mo Zm_
boHo$ ^yZH$m| OVm` XoZm| gmo "{ZdoXZ' H$mo Om` ho. VWm {d{YnydH$ AnZr
gmmH$m| N>m{S>Ho$ `m{XH$Z_| XygaoH$s gmm CnZ H$aZr gmo "XmZ' H$mo Om`
ho. Amoa godH$ Oog| agmoB {g H$[aHo$ AnZo _m{bH$H$m| AnU H$ao ho Vog|
dm{_H$m| ^mo{Jdo`mo` nXmW dm{_H$m| OVmdZmo gmo "AnU' H$mo Om` ho. dmhr
ar{Vgy (nw{>^pV_mJu godmH$VmH$mo ò H$V` ho Ho$) W_ ^yH$m| {Zdo{XV ^B
Egr dVw \o$[a (^wH$m|) AnU H$[aHo$ (Vm nmN>|) bm{H$H$ VWm d{XH$ gd
H$m` H$aZmo Egr ^pV_mJH$s _`mXm ho. Vmhr ar{Vgy H$[ado_| Xmof Zmht Amdo
h|. `m| Omo OmH$mo XmZ {H$`mo ho gmo dVw AnZo Cn`moJ_| Zmht Am` gHo$ Vog|{h
Omo dVw ^yZH$m| ôQ> H$ar ho gmo dVwh AnZo Cn`moJ_| Zmht Am` gHo$. naVw
OmH$mo AnU {H$`mo ho gmo dVw AnZo Cn`moJ_| bodo_| Xmof Zmht h|.
VXW) AnZo Cn^moJV| nydhr g~ dVyZH$mo ^wH$s godm_| gmjmV AWdm

nana`m Cn`moJ H$[a nmN>o AnZo Cn`moJ_o bmdZt gmo g_wPmdV h|:
V_mX AmXm gd H $m`} gd d Vw - g_n U _ &&
XmmnhmadMZ VWm M gH$b hao : &&6&&
Z J m _ B{V dm` {h {^Z_mJ n a _V_ &&
V_mV=Vmgm|
AmXm=Ama^_|
gddVw-g_nU_=gd dVyZH$mo
g_nU (H$V`=H$aZmo)
VWm=Amoa, hao:=h[aH$mo
gH$b=g~, Z=Zmht
Jm=JhU H$[ado `mo`
gdH$m`}=g~ H$m`Ho$
B{V=Ego
"Xmmnhma'dMZ_=""h[aHw${X`mo
^`mo H$Nw>^r boZmo Zmht'' Egmo
Omo lr^mJdVH$mo dMZ
(VV=dmo)dm`=dm`
{^Z_mJna=OwXo_mJg~pYho
^mdmW : {Zdo{XV nXmW ^yZH$m| g_{nHo$hr gdH$m` H$aZm| Egr ^pV_mJH$s

_`mXm ho. Vmgy W_ gdH$m`_| gd dVw AnU H$aZr. Amoa Vog|hr ^JdmZH$s
{Zdo{XV dVw AnZo Cn`moJ_| Z bmdZr B`m{X Omo ""A{n XrnmdbmoH$ _o
Zmon`w`mV
{Zdo{XV_'' EH$mXe H$YHo$ dm` h| do dm` ^pV_mJgm| OwXo _mJHo${bò
h|.
Vm_| EH$ nXmW_|gy WmoS>mo ^mJ AnZo Cn`moJ_| boH|$ ~mH$s ~`mo Omo ^mJ
ho gmo "gm{_^wV'-"AY^wV' H$mo Om` ho, gmo ^yZH$m| AnU H$[ado`mo`
Zmht ho. AWmV ""ò g~ dVw ^yZH$s ho'' Egmo AZwgYmZ am{IH|$ \o$[a
^yZH$m| AnU H$[aHo$ ""ò ^yZH$mo _hmgmX ho'' Egmo g_{OHo$ AnZo Cn`moJ_|
boZr. Amoa AY^wV hmo` gmo ^yZH$m| Zmht g_nZr&&5&&
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, r nw YZ ^{V g~ ^yZH$m| g_{nHo$ ""ò g~ ^JdmZHo$ h|''

Egmo AZwgYmZ am{IHo$ AnZo Cn`moJ_| boZr. Eg| ^yZH$m| Om dmVwH$mo AnU
^`mo ho gmo dVw ^yZH$s ho Egr ~w{ a{hdogy AnZmo A{^_mZ Ny>Q> Om` ho. Amoa
^yZHo$ g~YV| {dZ_| AmgpV a{hdogy AnZr ^pVH$s T>Vm hmo` ho.
(AY^wV dVwHo$ g_nUH$mo Amoa Ag_{nVHo$ Cn^moJH$mo Xmof Zmht bJo

{gmVah`_
A` _mJZ_| {ZdoXZ VWm g_nU H$mo H$ma* Zmht ho. Ho$db XmZH$mohr H$ma
{gmVah`_
239
240
ho. Vmgy ""^JdmZH$m| Omo nXmW {X`mo hmo` gmo nXmW AnZ| Zmht boZmo'' Egmo
dm` dm _mJHo$ A{^m`H$mo ho, ^pV_mJH$mo Zmht ho. ^pV_mJ_| Vmo gd
dVw ^JdmZH$m| g_{nHo$hr Cn`moJ_| boZr Egr _`mXm ho&&6&&
{Q>nUr : *"A` _mJ' BVZo nyOm_mJ. VmV| {OZ _pXaZ_| Xod_y{VH$s namW{V>m
^B hmo` Vhm g~ H$moD$ XeZmWu AnZr-AnZr ^mdZmHo$ AZwgma AnZmo dd
`m{JHo$ XmZ$noU Xod_y{VH$m| Omo H$Nw> ^|Q> YaV hm|` Vmo VmH$mo gmX {b`mo Z
OmB, Xod_y{VH$mo XmZ$n XrZr `-gm_Jr Xod` ~{Z OmVr hmo`doV|; naVw
AnZo ddH$mo `mJ {H$ò {~Zm, BVZo A` _y{VH$m| Z XrZm| hmo`; {H$Vw
AMZmWhr H$Ny>H$ XrZmo hmo` Vmo VmH$mo gmX {b`mohr Omdo ho. Oogo nwfmom_joHo$
lrOJZmWOrHo$ _pXa_| gIS>r gmXh bo`doH$s _OmX {ZO_mJ_|h nanammV
ho. {H$VoH$ nyOm_mJuh AnZo nw{>_mJH$s ZmB {ZOJh_|h {ZdoXZ-g_nUH$s
ar{Vdmar Xod_y{VH$s nyOm H$aV h|. Vhm d{Zdo{XVHo$hr AnUH$mo {Z`_ OmZZmo.
A` H$mhVo {ZOJh_| dmW-{V>m{nV Xod_y{VHo${bò H$Ny>H$ drH$ma {H$òV|
Zdo-gm_Jr Xod_y{VH$m| XmZ$noU mV Xod` hmoV ho gmo VmH$mo gmX {b`mo
Z OmB.(gnmXH$)
Eg| ^pV_mJgy Xygao _mJ_| ^JdmZH$m| AnU ^B Egr dVwH$mo Cn`moJ
Zmht H$aZm| Amoa ^pV_mJ_| Vmo ^JdmZH$s gmXr dVwgyhr ^JdXr`ZHw$ gd
H$m` H$V` ho Ego OVm`doHo${bò H$hV h|:
go d H$mZm `Wm bmo H o $ `dhma: {g{V&&7&&
VWm H$m` g_` d gd} f m ~ Vm VV:&&
`Wm=Oog|, bmoHo$=bmoH$_|
godH$mZm=godH$ZH$mo
`dhma:=`dhma
{g{V=M{bV hmodo ho
VWm=dm Vahgy
g_`=g_nU H$[aHo$
Ed=hr
(gd=g~) H$m`=H$aZmo
VV:=dmgy, gd}fm=g~H$s
~Vm=~Vm, `mV=hmo`ho
{gmVah`_
241
^mdmW : bmoH$_| godH$ZH$mo `dhma Oog| {g hmo` ho Vog| ^yZH$m| AnU

H$[aHo$hr g~ H$m` H$aZm|. Eg| H$[adoV| g~ZH$m| ~$nnZmo hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, Oog| bmoH$_|h Omo godH$ hmo` h| gmo g~ H$m` AnZo _m{bH$H$s
Amkmgyhr H$a| h|, _m{bH$Hw$ {~Zm nyN>o H$Nw> H$m` Zmht H$a| h|; Amoa {e` hm|`
gmo JwH$s Amkm_mUhr g~ H$m` H$a| h|, Vog|, AnZmo Xoh Am_m{XH$ g~
^JdmZH$m| AnU H$aZmo, V~ g~ ^JdmZHo$ ^ò, Vmgy ^JdmZHw$ AnU H$[aHo$hr
g~ H$m` H$aZm|. Eg| H$[adogy g~Z_| {ZXm}fnZm| VWm g_mZ($ngy) ^JdXr`nZm|
{g hmo` ho. `{n ~Ho$ AZV Y_ h| VWm{n JrVmOr_| {ZXm}f Amoa g_ ò
Xmo` Y_ ~Ho$ H$ho h|. Amoa `hm godm_|h ò Xmo` Y_H$mohr Cn`moJ ho; Vmgy ò
Xmo` Y_H$m| bo ""g~ZH$mo ~nZmo hmo`'' Ego H$mo ho&&7&&
^pV_mJ_| doe ^`mo hmo` Vmoh gdm{XH$ JwUZHo$ ôXH$[aH|$ g~ZH$s
d{V {^Z-{^Z hmo` ho, g_mZ Zmht hmo` ho. Vmgy ^JdXr`nZmo ^`mo hmo`
Vmoh g~ZH$mo g_mZnZm| Ho$g| hmo`? Egr e>mH$m| JmOrHo$ >mVgy {Zdm H$aV
h|:
Jmd gdXmofmUm JwUXmofm{X-dUZm&&8&&
JmdoZ {Z$`m `mV VXdX Am{n Md {h&&
gdXmofmUm=g~ XmofZH$mo
Jmd=JmnZmo
M=Amoa
JwUXmofm{XdUZm=JwU-Xmof
Am{XH$mo dUZ
JmdoZ=Jm$ngy, Ed=hr
{Z$`m={Z$nU `mo`
`mV=hmodo ho
{h=VmV|, VV=dogo
A=`hm, A{n=h
{gmVah`_
242
^mdmW : naZmbm ^{VH$mo Ob Jm_| {_bo V~ naZmbm ^{V_| aho Ego g~

XmofZH$m| JmnZm| hmo` ho, Vmgy dmHo$ JwU-XmofZH$mo dUZh JmnZogyhr hmo` ho.
Vog| ~g~Y ^ò {nN>| `hmh g~ZH$mo ~nZm| hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, naZmbmHo$ ObHo$ negy ZmZm{XH$ H$aZmo nao ho; naVw dmohr Ob
JmOr_| {_`mo hmo` V~ dmH$s `pH$pMV _{bZVm XrIdo_| AmdVr hmo`
VWm{n dmHo$ nmZgy nmn {Zdm hm|` h|. `m| Omo g~ Jm$n hmo` J`mo ho. BVZo
\o$[a AmN>o-~wao ObH$mo dUZ hmo` ho gmo JmOrHo$hr ObH$mo dUZ hmo` ho,
""naZmbm ^{VH$mo Ob Iam~ ho'' Eg| H$moC Zmht H$hV ho. Vog| JmOr_|
AmN>mo Ob {_`mo hmo` Vmoh ""JmOrH$mo Ob AmN>mo ho'' Eg| H$hV ho, naVw
Omo Ob {_`mo ho dmH$mo Zm_ Zmht boV h|. Eg| ~g~Y ^ò {nN>o ~g~Y
H$adodmao_| Omo Xmof AWdm JwU aho h| gmo g~ ~$n hmo` h|. AWmV naZmbmH$mo
Ob JmOr_| {_bo V~ dmHo$ g~ Xmof Z> hmo` Om` h| Vog| ~g~Y
H$adodmao_|h Omo Xmof hm|` gmo g~ Z> hmo` Om` h|&&8&&
~g~Y H$[adogy g~ XmofZH$s {Zd{m hmo` ho. Vmgy nmMm| H$maHo$ Omo
Xmof h| gmo _mZZ| Zmht Eg| W_ H$mo ho. VmnrN>o g~ZH$mo ~nZm| hmo` ho Eg|
H$mo ho. òhr godmH$mo AmZwf[H$ \$b {gmV_wVmdbr_| H$mo ho.
""~g~Ygy g~ XmofZH$s {Zd{m hmo` ho'' Eg| H${hHo$ AJmS>r Xmof Zmht
hmo`doHo${bò g~ AnU H$[aHo$hr H$m` H$[adoH$mo Omo H$mo ho Vm_| 1^Jd_Ho$
AZwgma VWm 2bm{H$H$`dhmaHo$ AZwgma Eg| Xmo` H$maH$mo g_nU H$mo ho.
Vm_| ^Jd_Ho$ AZwgma g_nU H$ao Vmo ~Vm$n \$b hmo` Amoa bm{H$`dhmaHo$
AZwgma g_nU H$ao Vmo, JmOr_| {_bo ^ò _moarHo$ ObH$s ZmB, ~g~Y
H$[adodmao_| Omo Xmof aho h| {dZH$s {Zd{m_mhr \$b hmo` ho.
B{V lr_b^mMm` {da{MV {gmVah`H$s
g{jV dO^mfmQ>rH$m
Jmodm{_ lrZqghbmbOr_hmamO {da{MV g_mV ^B
{gmVah`_
243
&& ZdaZ &&

(11)
Jmodm{lr{dQ>R>bZmW^wMaU{da{MVm ZdaZ{dd{V:
{MVm-gVmZ-hVmamo
`nmXm~w O -ao U d:&&
dr`mZm VmZ {ZOmMm`m Z Um{ w h a w h :&&1&&
ZZw ^JdXr`mZm H$W {MVmo X ^ d:? BW . Am{Zdo { XZmo {h
^JdXÔZmhm:, Z BVao. V M Eo{hH$-nmabm{H$H$`mo AW`mo Z Ad{e>
{H$pMV Ag{nV. Ed g{V Xohm{X{Zdmh: Ho$Z H$m`:? qH$ {Zdo{XVmW}Z CV
BVaoU dm? V Z Am, VXr`mW` V{XN>m {dZm JhrVw Ae`dmV,
BN>m`m M kmVw Ae`dmV. dVwVVw BN>m`m{n g`m VXwn`moJmo AZw{MV
godH$`. Z M VXr`mZm XohmXrZm VXr`mW}Z nmofU Z Xmofm` B{V dm`. dV
VWmH$Vo XmofmdhdmV V{XN>m`mM kmVw Ae`dmV B{V CV. Z {Vr`,
AdYdmV, {Zdo{XV` AW` pW`mW d` {dMma`m{n AZw{MVdmV,
VX{^mZo Vg^dmV. Ed g{V Xohm{XZmeg^doZ ÔZmg^dmV V``mnmV.
mJEd M A` CpN>oV. AVmo {ZdoXZo ÔZm{YH$ma, VpZ g{V VX{Zdmh
B{V C^`V nmem aOw B{V MoV, A dXm. ""XmamZ gwVmZ JhmZ mUmZ
`V na {ZdoXZ, Ed Ya Zw`mUm Cdm{Zdo{XZm, {`
gOm`Vo ^pV H$mo`moWm}`md{e`Vo'' B`m{Xdm` VX Amd`H$,
gmjmV lrJmoHw$boe-ÔZm{YH$ma$ndmV, {O` d{XH$H${U Jm``wnXoeOgH$madV. (1{ZdoXZ` gmWH$dm` ÔZ{gW_ Amd`H$-`dhmamW
{Zdo{XV`d dmW {d{Z`moJ H$m`). A`Wm Xman[aJhmomajUEd VpZdoXZo
AH$Vo, AJo VX{d{Z`moJo mVo, Vn[aJh-d``mn{m:. Ana M, XmZo {h Z
d{d{Z`moJ, ZVw {ZdoXZo. A`Wm {Zdo{XVmZmXo ^moOZ Z `mV. A{Zdo{XV`
{Z{fdmV. {Zdo{XVmZm_ AWmZm ^JdX^moJmW {d{Z`moJo OmVo VXXmgmXdoZ
dmon^moJH${V C{MVVam, XmgY_dmV. ""CpN>>^mo{OZmo Xmgm:'' B`m{Xdm`
Am_emoYH$dmV M. {H$Vw ^m {Zdo{XVmW` {d{Z`moJo OmVo AJo VXW `Z
H$m`m} Zdm B{V ^d{V {MVm. VH$aUo ~m{h_w`g^d godm{V~YM.
""d{JH$m`mg ...'' B{V dm`mV ^JdH$V{V~YM V `mV. AH$aUo
ZdaZ
244
{Zdom^mdoZ ^d{V M Xw:I_, Ed^yVmZ dmZ Cn{XempV {MVm H$m{n Z

H$m`m B{V.
Q>rH$m : ^JdXr`ZH$m| {MVmH$s {Zd{mHo${bò ò JW ho. V~ (=Vhm e>m
hmoV ho Omo) ^JdXr` Vmo AZ`^V hmo` h| Amoa ""AZ` hmo`Ho$ Omo _Zw` _oar
^pV H$ao h| Amoa {Z` g~ Vaohgy _oao_|hr {Mmd{m amIV h| {dZH$m| Omo
nXmWH$mo Cn`moJ ho gmo _ {_bm` XD$ h; Amoa Omo Cn`wV nXmW {_`mo hmo`
dmH$s _ ajmh H$$ h'' Eg| JrVmOr_| AOwZHo$ {V lrH$UZ| Amkm H$ar ho.
Vmgy ^JdXr`ZHw$ Ho$go {MVm CnZ hmo`? Egr e>mH$s {Zd{mHo${bò
lrJwgmBOrZo Amkm H$ar ho: Omo Am_{ZdoXZ H$[adodmaohr ^JdXÔZHw$ `mo`
h|. {OZZ| Am_{ZdoXZ Zmht {H$`mo ho gmo ^JdXÔZH$m| `mo` Zmht h|.
A{^_mZ Ny>{Q>doHo${bò {ZdoXZ ho. Amoa Xohm{XH$Ho$ {ZdmhH$mo {dMma H$aZmo gmo
Vmo dm_| AnZmo A{^_mZ amIo V~hr hmo`! Vmgy A{Zdo{XV dVyZgy Xohm{XH$ZH$mo
{Zdmh H$aZmo ò njh `mo` Zmht ho. Eg| O~ Xohm{XH$ZH$mo {Zdmh {Zdo{XV
dVyZgm| AWdm A{Zdo{XV H$moC dVyZgm| hmo` gHo$ Zmht V~ Xohm{XH$ZHo$
{ZdmhH$mo gmYZ Zmht ahrdogy Xohm{XH$ZHo$ ZmeH$mo g^d hmo`, V~ Xohm{XH$Zgm|
ÔZ H$aZmo gmo ~Z gHo$ Zmht, V~ ÔZ H$[adoHo${bò dmHo$ A{YH$ma$n
{ZdoXZH$sh `WVm Am` Om` ho, V~ nw{>H$s _`mXm$n `h ^pV_mJhr
CpN>Z hmo` Om`Jmo! Vmgy {ZdoXZ H$aoV| ^JdXÔZH$mo A{YH$ma hmo` Amoa
{ZdoXZ ^ò nmN>| ^JdXÔZ hmo` gHo$Zmht V~ XmoB AmS>rgy nme Amdo ho Eg|
H$moD$ H$ho Vhm H$hV h|
Vm_| (nwZ: e>m hmoV ho Omo) {OZZ| Am_{ZdoXZ {H$`mo ho {dZHo$ `mbmoH$
VWm nabmoH$ gy g~pYV, ^JdmZH$m| OmH$mo AnU Zmht {H$`mo ho Egr H$moB
dVw Zmht ho. V~ Xohm{XH$ZH$mo {Zdmh {Zdo{XV dVyZgm| H$aZmo qH$dm A{Zdo{XV
dVyZgm| H$aZmo? `{X H$hmo Ho$ {Zdo{XV dVyZgm|hr H$aZmo Vmo ò nj `mo` Zmht
ho. `m| Omo ^JdmZH$s dVwH$mo JhU ^JdmZH$s BN>m {dZm hmo` gHo$ Zmht.
Amoa ^JdmZH$s BN>m Om{Zdo_| Am` gHo$ Zmht. `WmW {dMma H$amo V~ Vmo
^JdmZH$s BN>m hmo` Vmoh godH$H$m| ^JdmZH$s dVwH$mo Cn`moJ H$aZmo C{MV
Zmht ho. Amoa H$Xm{MV Eg| H$h| Omo Xohm{XH$h ^JdmZHo$ ^ò h| (Vmgm|) {dZH$mo
nmofU ^JdmZH$s dVwgm| H$[ado_| Xmof Zmht ho, Vmo Eg|h Zmht H${h gHo$ h|. `m|
Omo AnZo {dMmagy (A`H$m| g_{nV dVwH$mo Cn`moJ) H$[ado_| dVVm$n
Xmof Am` Om` ho. Amoa ^JdmZH$s BN>m Om{Zdo_| AmdV Zmht ho ò Vmo H$mohr
ho, Vmgy Omo dVw {Zdo{XV Zmht ^B ho dmhrgy {Zdmh H$aZmo, Eg| H$moD$ H$ho Vhm
H$hV h| Omo ò njh C{MV Zmht ho. `m| Omo Om dVwH$mo {ZdoXZ Zmht ^`mo ho
gmo AmnwZo Cn`moJ_| bodoH$mo godH$H$mo Y_ Zmht ho, Vog|hr ^JdmZH$m| {Zdo{XV
Zmht ^B Egr dVw am{IdoH$moh AnZmo Y_ Zmht ho. Xohm{XH$ZH$mo {ZdoXZ do
J`mo ho Vmgm| VmHo$ {ZdmhHo${bò AnZo {dMma H$aZmoh `mo` Zmht ho. Vog|hr
Xohm{XH$ZH$mo {ZdoXZ H$[adoHo$ g_` dmHo$ {ZdmhHo${bò {H$V{ZH$ dVw ^JdmZH$m|
{Zdo{XV Zmht H$[adoH$mo {dMma H$aZmo òh `mo` Zmht ho. `m| Omo g~Z_|Vo AnZmo
""r nw Jh mU ò g~ ^JdmZH$m| AnU H$aZo'' Eg| ~w`moJodaZo

{Z{_amOm {V ^JdmZ g~pY Y_Ho$ g_| H$mo ho. Amoa CZrg_o A`m`_|
lrH$U^JdmZZ| CdOr {V _h{_` ^pV`moJ H$mo ho. Vm_| ""_oar
A_V$n H$Wm_| lm amIZr'' `hmgy bo`H|$ gmS>oMma bmoH$Zgy Am_{ZdoXrZHo$
Y_ H$ho h|. dhm A{YH$ma$n {ZdoXZ H$mo ho. Vmgy {ZdoXZ Vmo Amd`H$ ho.
Vmgy Oog| ~mU, jr` VWm d` H$m| d{XH$ H$__| A{YH$ma {g H$[adodmamo,
Jm`rHo$ CnXoegy ^`mo Egmo, `kmondrV gH$ma ho Vog| ^JdXÔZ_| A{YH$ma
{g H$[adodmamo Am_{ZdoXZ ho. Vmgy {ZdoXZH$s g\$bVmHo${bò ^JdXÔZ
{g H$[adoH$m| {OVZr dVyZH$mo Amd`H$ Cn`moJ hmo` {VVZr {Zdo{XV dVwhr
Cn`moJ_| boZr. `{X Egmo A{^m` Z hmo` Vmo, rH$mo nm{UJhU {H$ò nrN>o dmHw$
Ad` {Zdo{XV H$aZr M{hò. Vog|hr nwm{XH$ZH$mo {ZdoXZh H$aZmo M{hò. gmo
`{X Z ^`mo V~ do g~ AnZo Cn`moJ_| Am` gHo$ Zmht. V~ rH$mo JhU {H$`mo
ho VmH$s `WVm Am` Om` ho. Vmgy Omo dVw XmZ_| XrZr ho gmo dVw AnZo
Cn`moJ_| Amdo Zmht naVw {Zdo{XV dVwH$mo Cn`moJ H$[ado_| ~mY Zmht ho. Omo
{Zdo{XV dVwHo$ Cn`moJ_| ~mY hmoVmo hmo` Vmo ^JdmZHw$ {Zdo{XV {H$ò Jò
AZm{XH$ZH$mo (_hmgmX _mZrHo$) ^moOZ H$[adoH$mo gd {b`mo ho gmo Z hmo`
gHo$. Amoa ^JdmZH$m| {Zdo{XV {H$ò {gdm` dVw bodoH$mo gd {ZfoY ho, Vmgy
Omo dVw ^JdmZH$m| {Zdo{XV ^B ho VmH$mo ^JdX^moJHo${bò {d{Z`moJ ^ò nmN>|
""ò ^JdmZZ| {X`mo ^`mo _hmgmX ho'' Eg| g_{OH|$ AnZo Cn`moJ H$aZmo gmo
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`wV ho. `m| Omo `m_| XmgY_ {g aho ho. Vmgyhr CdOrZo lrH$Ugy H$mo
ho: ""AmnH$mo CpN>> bododmao h_ XmgZZ| AmnH$s _m`m OrVr ho'' B`m{XH$
dm`ZH$[aH|$ ^JdmZH$mo gmX Am_mH$m| ew H$[adodmamo ho ò {g ho.
Vmgy `m {df`H$s {MVm Vmo hmo` Zmht. naVw {Zdo{XV AWH$mo ^w_|
{d{Z`moJ hmo` Om` VmnrN>| AJm{S>h ^Jdgodm_| {d{Z`moJ H$[adoHo${bò dVw
gnmXZ H$[adoH$mo `Z H$aZmo qH$dm Zmht H$aZmo? Egr {MVm ^JdXr`ZH$m|
hmo`. `m| Omo ^JdmZHo$ {d{Z`moJ_| Cn`wV dVwHw$ gnmXZ H$[adoH$mo `Z
H$a| V~ ^JdmZ_|gy {Mm {ZH${gHo$ dm dVw_| M`mo Om`. Eg|hr g~ Bp`ZH$mo
`mnma dmhrHo$ AZwHy$b hmo` V~ ~{h_wIVm hmo`doH$mo g^d ho. Amoa {OVZmo
dm_| `Z H$ao {VVZmo godm_| {V~Y hmo`. Vog|hr Y_, AW Amoa H$m_ ò
{dJHo${bò ^V `{X l_ H$ao Vmo ^JdmZ dmHw$ {Z\$b H$aV h|, Vmgy
^JdH$V-{V~Yh Vm_| hmo`. Amoa Omo `Z Z H$ao Vmo ^JdmZH$m| {d{Z`moJ
H$[adoH$m| H$Nw> hmo` Zmht V~ Xw:I hmo`, Eg| ^JdXr`ZH$m| {MVm hmo`, VmH$s
{Zd{mHo${bò CnXoe H$aV h|:
{MVm H$m@{n Z H$m`m {Zdo { XVm_m{^: H$Xm@nr{V&&
^JdmZ{n nw{>Wmo Z H$[a`{V bm{H$H$s M J{V_&&1&&
{Zdo{XVm_{^:=Am_{ZdoXZ {H$ò
H$Xm=H$moB H$mb_|
A{n=h, H$m=H$moC
A{n=h, {MVm={MVm
Z=Zmht, H$m`m=H$aZr
B{V=`m|Ho$, ^JdmZ=lrH$U
^VZHw$
Am{n={ZpMV $ngy
nw{>W:=H$nm_| pWV h|
bm{H$H$s=bm{H$H$
JqV=J{VHw$, Z=Zmht
H$[a`{V=H$a|Jo
^mdmW : {OZZ| AnZo Am_m{XH$ g~ {Zdo{XV {H$ò h| {dZH$m| H$mh g_` H$moC
~mVH$s {MVm H$V` Zmht ho. `m| Omo ò Ord nw{>_mJ_| amo ho Vmgy ^JdmZ
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dmH$s bm{H$H$ J{V H$~h Zmht H$a|Jo.

H$me : bm{H$H$-VX^mdo@{n ^JdXWm@{n gm Z H$m`m. EVX Amh H$m{n
B{V eXoZ. ArH$maoUd gdEd H$[a`{V B{V {ddmgmo `V V` Amd`H$.
^JdVmo@{n VWm{Z`{_. H$Xm{MV narjmW maY^moJmW dm ^w MoV {db~Vo,
VXm{n Z H$m`m B{V Amh H$Xm{n B{V nXoZ. ZZw bmoH$dV Hw$Qw>~mmg`m
d`m@{n bm{H$H$s JqV H$Xm{MV ^w Hw$`mV, V Amh ^JdmZ{n B{V.
`V nw{>Wmo AVmo _`mXm_mJu`-dam`m^mdo@{n ""_hmnwfoU {Zdo{XVm'' B{V
dH$s`doZ ArH$mamV VWm Z H$[a`{V B{V AW.
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, bm{H$H$ {MVm Z hmo`. VWm{n ^JdmZHo${bò h {MVm Z
H$aZr. ArH$ma ^ògyhr ^JdmZ Amnhr g~ {g H$a|Jo Egmo {ddmg OrdH$m|
Ad` amIZmo M{hò. Amoa ^JdmZH$moh Egmo {Z`_ ho Omo OmH$mo ArH$ma {H$`mo
dmH$mo nmbZ Ad` H$aZmo. Vmgy H$Xm{MV narjmHo${bò AWdm maYHo$
^moJHo${bò ^w {db~ H$a| Vmoh {MVm Z H$aZr. Ord nw{>_mJ_| amo ho Vmgy,
dm_| _`mXm_mJu` dam`m{XH$ hmo` Zmht Vmoh, AmMm`mmam ^JdmZH$m| {Zdo{XV
^`mo ho Vmgy ^JdmZZo ""ò Ord dH$s` ho'' Eg| {~Mm[aHo$ dmH$mo ArH$ma
{H$`mo ho. Vmgy Xygao bmoH${H$gr ZmB Hw$Qw>~m{XH$Z_| AmgpV hmo`Jr Vmoh
^JdmZ bm{H$H$J{V Zmht H$a|Jo&&1&&
Eg| {MVm N>mo{S>dogy dN>XnZoH$mo `dhma Am` Om`Jmo, Vmgy ~{h_wIVm
hmo`Jr Eg| H$moC H$ho Vhm H$hV h|:
{Zdo X Z Vw _V ` gd W m Vme a OZ &&
gd} daM gdm _m {ZOo N>mV H$[a`{V&&2&&
Vme:=Vmer
OZ:=bmoJZHw$
{ZdoXZ={ZdoXZH$mo
gd}da=g~ZHo$ Bda
M=Amoa
gdm_m=g~ZHo$ Am_m$n
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^mdmW : gdWm Omo Vme ^ò h| BVZ| {Zdmo{XVm_m ^ò h| {VZH$m| Ad`
{ZdoXZH$mo _aU H$aZmo. ^w g~ZHo$ Bda h| Amoa g~ZHo$ Am_m h|. gmo AnZr
BN>mV| H$a|Jo.
{ZdoXZH$mo _aU H$aZmo. AWdm gdWm Omo VmeOZ hm|` BVZ| ^JdXr` hm|`
{VZHo$ gJ {ZdoXZH$mo _aU H$aZmo. _yb_| "gdXm'nX hmo` Vmo h_|em {ZdoXZH$mo
_aU H$aZmo Egmo AW g_OZmo. Eg| gdH$mb _aU Z H$ao Vmo Amgwamdoe hmo`.
H$Xm{MV Abm{H$H$ AWdm bm{H$H$ AWH$s {g{Ho${bò ^yZH$s mWZm
H$aZr Ho$ Ho$g|? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h| Omo mWZm Zmht H$aZr. `m| Omo
{OZ_| {ZdoXZ {H$`mo ho do g~ZHo$ Bda h| Amoa g~ZHo$ Am_m h| gmo AnZr
BN>mV| H$a|Jo. AWdm {OZH$s BN>m_| {dH$ma Zmht hmo` {VZ ^VZH$s BN>m
_mU ^w H$a|Jo.
H$me : Ed MoV, dmN>-`dhmamn`m ~m{h_w` `mV AV Amh:

{ZdoXZ_ B{V.
Xohm{XH$ g~ ^JdmZH$m| A{nV {H$ò h| VmH$mo {d{Z`moJ r-nwm{XH$Z_|

hmo` V~ dY_H$s hm{Z hmo` Egr {MVm hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
Vw=Vmo
gdWm=g~ H$magy
_V`m=_aU H$aZmo
(^JdmZ=^JdmZ)
{ZOoN>mV=AnZr BN>mHo$ AZwgma
H$[a`{V=H$a|Jo
gdXm gdmeoZ Xr`dmZwgYmZoZ VWm Z ^{d`{V B{V ^md. Ae`m

godmg^do@{n BX H$m`_od B{V kmnZm` "Vw'eX. "M'H$manjo g_wM`.
gdWm B`` Amd`H$dkmnZm`. AWdm gdWm ò Vmem {Zdo{XVm_doZ
Vnam V gh VWm. EVoZ gXmofmo {Zdm[aV. AVmeofw EVXJmonZ gy`Vo.
gdXm B{V nmR>o H$mbmn[aN>oX V C`Vo. A`Wm VXd Amgwadoe `mV
B{V ^md. H$Xm{MV Abm{H$H$mW` bm{H$H$` dm {gW ^w mWZr`:
B{V Zo, Z B{V Amh gd}da B{V. A "gd'eXmo {Zdo{XVm_-gdna.
`Wm ""gd} ~mUm ^moO{`V`m'' B` {Z_pVmEd "gd'nXoZ C`Vo, ZVw
Aò{n. "gdm_'nXo{n Ed ko`_. VoZ godH$m gd} `Wm-`Wm nZm VWmVWm ^wa{n Vofw ArH$Vdm{_d Am_r`d_od Vofw _ZwVB{V V{VH$Vm Z
mWZm_ AnojVo B{V km`Vo. AWdm H$mbm{X{Z`m_H$doZ Z VH$Vmo@{n
{V~Yg^d: BN>m`m_ B{V kmnZm` "gd'nX H$mbm{Xna_. m{WVmo@{n
d{dMm[aV_od H$[a`Vr{V mWZm{n A`mo{OH$m B{V kmnZm` {ZOoN>m B{V
CV_. AWdm {ZOm dr`doZ ArH$Vm godH$m Vofm MwaoN>mV d`_od
Ano{jV H$[a`Vr{V Z mWZmnojm B{V AW. naVw BN>m`m A{dH$Vd_od
Ano{jV_ B{V kmnZm` A```moJ.
gd}fm=g~ZH$mo
A{n=h, H$m=Ho$gr
^wg~Y=^wHo$ gJ g~Y {MVm={MVm, MoV=`{X
òH$=EH$-EH$H$mo, Z=Zmht,
d`=AnwZmo
B{V=Egmo, pW{V={gmVho
g=dmo(A`{d{Z`moJ hmo` Vmo)
AV=`mgy
A{n=h(H$m=Ho$gr;
A`{d{Z`moJo=Amoa H$h {d{Z`moJ {MVm={MVm!)
hmo`dono
^mdmW : Am_m ghrV Am_r` g_J nXmWZHw$ lrh[aH$mo g~Y g_mZhr ho,
AbJ-AbJ Zmht ho. Vmgy Am_r` dVyZH$mo AnZo_|; Amoa AnZmo Am_r`
dVyZ_| {d{Z`moJ hmo` Vmoh H$hm {MVm H$aZr! AWmV H$moB VahH$s {MVm
Zmht ho.
Q>rH$m : gdWm Omo Vme ^ò h|, BVZ|, {Zdmo{XVm_m ^ò h|, {VZH$m| Ad`
H$me : ZZw ^JdVo g_{nVXohmXo r-nwm{Xfw {d{Z`moJoZ dY_hm{Z{MVm
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gd} f m ^w g ~Ymo Z ò H $_ B{V pW{V&&

AVmo@`{d{Z`moJo@{n {MVm H$m d` gmo@{n MoV&&3&&
250
{d{Z`moJ hmo` Vmoh {MVm Z H$aZr `m {df`_| H$hV h|:
~mYVo. V Amh gd}fm_ B{V.

dm_Zm gh `mdVmo {Zdo{XVm V ghd d` ArH$mamV Vofm gd}fm_od
^wg~Ymo, Z Vw mYm`mV d`do{V V Cn`moJo d` H$m {MVm! Z
H$m{n B{V AW. B` {ZdoXoZo ArH$ma_`mXm B{V Amh pW{V B{V. H$`{MV
{deo f Vmo ArH$ma Mo V gm nw { > B{V ^md. AWdm nw mXrZm_
A`{d{Z`moJXeZ@o {n d` H$m {MVm! Vofm_{n ArH$maoUd H$VmWVmg^dmV
B{V AW. {H$M, "d`' B{VnX_ Amdm_ "A{n'eXoZ g~`Vo.
Q>rH$m : g~Zgm| ^wH$mo g~Y ho, EH$H$mo _w` g~Y ho Amoa A`H$mo JmU
g~Y ho Eg| Zmht ho. Egr {ZdoXZ_| ArH$maH$s _`mXm ho. `mgy Omo {dbjU
hmo`-BVZ| g~ZH$mo ArH$ma g_mZ hmo` VWm{n H$moCHo$ D$na {deof H$nm
XrIdo_| Amdo- Vmo Vm_|h AnZ| gVmof _mZZmo. AWmV {ZdoXZ H$[adoHo$ g_`
Vmo EH$ _w` hmo`Ho$ AnZo gJ Xygao g~ZH$m| AnU H$ao ho, V~ AnZr _w`Vm
hmo` ho. naVw {ZdoXZ ^ò nrN>o Vmo AnZmo Am_m, Xoh, mU, Bp`, AV:H$aU,
r, nw, YZ g~ZH$mo g_mZ {ZdoXZ hmo` ho. Vm_| Oog| YZm{XH$ AMoVZ
nXmWZH$mo nana {d{Z`moJ hmo` ho Vm_| Oog| {MVm Zmht hmo` ho Vog| rnwm{XH$
MoVZH$mo nana {d{Z`moJ hmo`do_|h AnZH$m| {MVm H$hm ho! Vog|hr AnZmoh
A`_| {d{Z`moJ hmo` Vmoh {MVm H$hm ho!
`mgy Egmo {g ^`mo Omo AnZ g_nU {H$`mo V~ AnZo gJ rnwm{XH$H$moh g_nU ^`mo gmo {dZ_| AnZmo g~Y hVmo VmH$mo g_nU ^`mo ho.
Amoa rnwm{XH$ZH$s Omo dV gmm ho gmo g_nU H$[adoHo${bò {VZH$m| {^Z{^Z g_nU H$aZmo M{hò. V~ "{gmVah`'_| H$ho _mU AnZo-AnZo
nMXmofZH$s {Zd{m hmo`. Amoa YZm{XH$ OS> nXmW_| AnZr dV gmm aho
ho, Vmgy AnZo g_nUHo$ gJhr {dZH$mo g_nU hmo` J`mo Amoa do {ZXw> hmo` Jò
Eg| OmZZmo&&3&&
Oog| nwm{XH$ZHo$ A`{d{Z`moJ_| {MVm Zmht H$aZr Vog| AnZmo A`
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AkmZmX AWdm kmZmV H $ V_ Am_{Zdo X Z_ &&

` : H $ UgmH $ VmU g Vo f m H$m n[aXo d Zm&&4&&
`={OZZ|
H$UmgmH$VmU={OZZ| AnZo
mU lrH$UHo$ gJ EH$_oH$
H$[a XrZo h| {dZZ|
AkmZmV=AkmZgy
AWdm=AWdm
kmZmV=kmZgy
Am_{ZdoXZ=Am_{ZdoXZ
H$V={H$`mo ho
Vofm={dZHw$
H$m=Ho$gr
n[aXodZm={MVm
^mdmW : {OZ ^VZZ| kmZgm| AWdm AkmZgm| h EH$ ~oa O~ Am_{ZdoXZ

H$a {X`mo ho nmN>| {dZHw$ {MVm H$[adoH$s Zmht a{h Om` ho V~ {OZZ| lrh[aHo$
AYrZ mU H$a {Xò h| Ego ^VZHw$ H$moZgr {MVm H$[adoH$s ahr Om` ho!
AWmV CZHw$ H$moB VahH$s {MVm Zmht H$aZr.
H$me : `Wm nwmXrZm_ VWm d`m{n g=A`{d{Z`moJ MoV VXm{n
{MVm Z H$m`m B{V Amh AkmZmX B{V.
hrZ-_`_m{YH$m[a{â{n {Zdo{XVm_{^ {MVm Z H$m`m ^d{V `, V
H$UgmH$mU {MVm Z H$m`m B{V {H$_w dm`_! B{V AW. Ho$db
dYrZrH$VmUmZm {MVm{df`m^mdmXod Z gm B{V ^md. AVEd "H$m' B{V
eX: CV. nXg~YVw- AkmZmX AWdm kmZmV ` VV H$V_ Vofm gm
Z B{V eof. H$UgmH$VmU ` VH$V_ Vofm gm H$m B{V CV_&&4&&
Q>rH$m : ^JdmZ gd$n h|, _mJHo$ dVH$ h|, CnXoeH$=Jw h|, {Zad{Y
gpXXmZXd$n h|; VWm ^JdmZH$m| g~ {ZdoXZ H$aZmo gmo na_\$b$n
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ho- B`m{XH$ kmZ {OZH$m| Zmht ho Ego hrZm{YH$mar, Amoa Egmo kmZ {OZH$m|
ho Ego _`_m{YH$mar h {Zdo{XVm_m hm|` Vmo {dZH$m| {MVm H$V` Zmht
ho V~ {OZZo Ho$db ^yZH$m|hr AnZo mU AmYrZ {H$ò h| Eg| Omo
Cm_m{YH$mar h| {VZH$m| Vmo {MVmhr H$hm ho!&&4&&
ldUm{XH$ Zd ^pVZ_|gy ldU, H$sVZ Amoa _aU ò OrdHo$ AmYrZ h|.
VWm nmXgodZHo$ Xmo` ôX h|. Vm_| EH$ Vmo AnZ| nmXH$[aH|$ ^Jd_pXam{XH$_|
OmZmo. gmo Vmo OrdHo$ AmYrZ ho. n[a, Xygamo, ^JdmZHo$ MaUma{dXH$mo godZ
H$aZmo, gmo ^yZH $o AmYrZ ho. Vogh| r AMZ, dXZ Amoa Xm` ho gmoh go`d$n_|
MV`H$mo mH$Q Z hmo` Vmoh ~Z gHo$ ho. naVw g` Amoa Am_{ZdoXZ Vmo
go`d$n_| MV`H$mo mH$Q hmo` Amoa ^w Amnw drH$ma H$a| V~hr hmo` gHo$
ho. Amoa A~ Vmo ^wH$mo dogmo gmZw^md ho Zmht V~, AnZ| Omo Am_{ZdoXZ {H$`mo
ho dmH$mo ^yZZ| ArH$ma {H$`mo ho qH$dm Zmht {H$`mo ho? Egr {MVm Vmo hmo`
Vhm H$hV h|:
VWm {Zdo X Zo {MVm `m`m lrnw fmo m_o &&
{d{Z`mo J o @ {n gm `m`m g_Wm} {h h[a dV&&5&&
{ZdoXZo={ZdoXZHo$ {df`_|
lrnwfmom_o=lrH$UHo$ {df`_|
{MVm={MVm
`m`m=N>moS>Zr
VWm=Amoa
{d{Z`moJo={d{Z`moJ {df`_|
A{n=^r
gm=dmo({MVm)
`m`m=N>moS>Zr
hr={ZpMV$ngy
h[a=lrH$U, dV=Amnw
g_W=g~ H$magy epV_mZ h|
^mdmW : ""_oamo {ZdoXZ lrh[aZo drH$ma {H$`mo Ho$ Zmht'' Eg| lrnwfmom_g~Y
{df`H$ {MVmH$moh n[a`mJ H$aZmo. VWm H$Xm{MV A` H$m`m{XH$_| {d{Z`moJ
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hmo` Om` Vmoh {MVmH$mo `mJ H$aZmo. `m|, lrh[a d` g_W h|.
H$me : ZZw g`m_{ZdoXZo {h ^JdXrH$maoUd gnoVo. VWm M d`_
Am_{ZdoXZo H$Vo@{n ^w ArH$VdmZ Zdm B{V {MVm ^dòd, B`V: Amh
VWm B{V.
nwfmom_mo ArH$VdmZ Zdm B{V {ZdoXZ{df{Ùr `m gm `m`m,
CV{ZdoXZdV B{V AW. nwfmom_oZ {ZamoYbrbm`m dVmo@`ÔZ {H$`_mUm
^Vm VpZdm` d`_ Am_gmH$Vo{V Vmeo d` gdm_Zm {ZdoXZo H$Vo gm
e>m Z C{MVm B{V kmnZm` "nwfmom_'nX_. Vm{n d$nmZXXmZoZ A{Ze
nmo`_mUmZm ^VmZm V{XVa Cn`moJmg^doZd Z e>moX`: B{V kmnZm`
"lr'nX_. VWm M VwVo V {ZdoXZo gm `m`m B{V ^md. H$Xm{MV
bmoH$^`mwnpWVm VpZdmaUm` Ordd^mddemV A`{d{Z`moJo@{n VWm B{V
Amh {d{Z`moJo{n B{V. _mXmV VWmg^do@{n ^w Z ``{V. `V
Vd^mddemV VWm^yV_{n CVw
VgmYZmZnoj.
Q>rH$m : lr`wV nwfmom__| {ZdoXZ {df`H$ {MVm N>moS>Zr. BVZ| Oog| g~ Jmon
BH$mo `k H$aV hVo {VZH$m| {ZdmH$[aHo$ AnZo AmYrZ {H$ò Vog| AnZ|
gdm_mgm| ^yZ_| g~ {ZdoXZ {H$`mo ho V~ {MVm H$aZr `mo` Zmht ho. Vm_|h
lr`wV nwfmom_ h| gmo AnZo d$nmZXH$mo XmZ H$[aHo$ ^VZH$mo nmofU H$aV
h|. {VZ_| {ZdoXZ {H$`mo gmo ^yZZ| ArH$ma {H$`mo ho AWdm Zmht {H$`mo ho?
Egr {MVm N>moS>Zr. H$Xm{MV H$mb^`m{XH$ Am` Om` V~ dmH$mo {ZdmaU
H$[adoHo${bò Ordd^mdgy A`{d{Z`moJ hmo` Vmoh {MVm N>moS>Zr Eg| H$hV h|.
`{X _mXgy Eg| A`{d{Z`moJ hmo` Om` Vmoh ^w Z N>moS>|J|. `m| Omo d^mdHo$
degy Ord Eg| ^`mo Vmoh dmH$mo Cma H$[ado_| dmgy gmYZH$s Anojm ^w Zmht
amIV h|, Amn-dV hr g_W h|. Amoa g~ZHo$ XwI VWm nmnHo$ haU
H$[adodmao h|&&5&&
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^JdmZZ| ArH$ma {H$`mo hmo` Vm_| Xygam| bjU H$hV h|:

bmo H o $ dm` VWm do X o h[aVw Z H$[a`{V&&
nw { > _ mJ p WVmo `_mV gm{jUmo ^dVm@{Ibm&&6&&
`_mV=`m|H$o (Ord/h[a)
Vw=Vmo, Z=Zmht
nw{>_mJpWV=nw{>_mJ_|aho ^ò h| H$[a`{V=H$a|Jo
(V_mV=Vmgy)
(VmV=Vmgy, bmoH$-doXH$gw=
h[a=lrH$U
bm{H$H$-d{XH$ H$Z|)
bmoHo$=bmoH$_|, VWm=Amoa
A{Ibm=g~, gm{jU=gmjr
doXo=doX_|, dm`=dWVm
^dV=hmoC/~Zmo
^mdmW : `m|Ho$ Ord Amoa ^w AZwJh_mJ_| pWV h| Vmgm| lrh[a bmoH$ Amoa
doX _| AmgpV Zmht H$amd|Jo. Vmgm| bmoH$-doX g~pY H$m` gm{j_m a{hHo$
H$aZo.
H$me : ArH$mao bjUmVa_{n Amh bmoH$o B{V.
H$Xm{MV dmhdemV bm{H$Ho$ dm{U`mXm, d{XHo$ Aml_Y_mXm dm pWVm
V {dZEd ^d{V, ZVw V\$b_ B{V AW. V hoVw nw{>... B{V. V{Zm{n
d~boZd gdH$Vm `V: B{V ^md. nw{>_mJmrH$mao _`mXm Z ghVo B{V ko`_.
Ed g{V qH$ H$m`_ B{V AmH$mL>jm`m_ Amh- gm{jdV VH$V n`V.
Q>rH$m : bm{H$H$ dm{U`m{XH$Z_| VWm d{XH$ Aml_Y_m{XH$Z_| ^VZH$o
Xw:IhVm=h[a dWVm Z H$a|Jo. AWmV bm{H$H$ VWm d{XH$ _| H$m`m,
dmUr VWm _Z gy AmN>r ar{Vgy pW{V hmo` Vm_| {dZ hmo`. BVZ| bm{H$H$
VWm d{XH$ H$m`h `WmW Z hmo` Vhm dmH$mo \$b Vmo H$hmgy hmo`? `m|
Omo ^w Amn h[a h|. gmo AnZo ~bH$[aH|$hr g~ {g H$[adodmao h|. Vmgy
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nw{>_mJ_| ArH$ma ^`mo V~ _`mXmH$m| ghZ Zmht H$aV h|. Eg| bm{H$H$
VWm d{XH$ _| {dZ hmo` V~ H$hm H$aZmo? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
Omo g~ ^V gm{jdV hmo` OmAmo. BVZ| bm{H$H$ VWm d{XH$ _| ^JdmZ
H$hm H$aV h| òhr XoIZmo. AWmV gV_ H$Y_| ^JdXr` JhWHo$ bjU_|
{b`mo ho Omo ""km{VHo$ _Zw`, _mVm-{nVm, nw Amoa Xygao g~Yr Oogo
H$h| Amoa Oogr BN>m H$a| dm_| __Vm N>m{o S >H$| AZw_moXZhr H$aZmo'' ò dm`Ho$
AZwgma ahZmo. Eg| aho gmoh ^JdmZHo$ ArH$maH$mo bjU ho&&6&&
bm{H$H$-d{XH$_| {dZ hmo` Vmoh gm{jdV ^JdmZH$s H${V XoIZr, Egmo
CnXoe {H$`mo. VmH$[aH|$ Am{Y^m{VH$, Am`mp_H$ Amoa Am{YX{dH$ Eg| VrZ
H$maH$mo Y`hr gmYZ$n H$mo Egmo {g hmo` ho. BVZmohr H$V` hmo` V~
`WmW godm Vmo ~Z gHo$ Zmht, V~ {ZdoXZH$s `WVm hmo`, òh Y_H$s hm{Z
ho, Egr {MVm hmo` VmH$s {Zd{mH$mo Cnm` H$hV h|:
go d mH $ {Va Jw a mo a Amkm ~mYZ dm harN>`m&&
AV go d mna {Mm {dYm` Wr`Vm gw I _ &&7&&
Jwamo=JwH$s
Amkm@~mYZ (`Wm`mmWm)=
AmkmH$mo ~mY Oogo Zmht hmo` Ego
godmH${V=godmH$mo H$m`
dm=AWdm
harN`m=lrH$UH$s BN>m _mU
(godmH${V=godmH$mo H$m`)
AV:`mgy
godmna=godm_| namÙ
{Mm={MmHw$
{dYm`=a{IHo$
gwI=gwI, Wr`Vm_=ahm
^mdmW : JwH$s AmkmZwgma godm H$aZr. {H$Vw ^w H$~hH$ AmnwZr {deof

BN>m ^VHw$ OVmd| Vmo ^wH$s BN>mHo$ AZwgmahr H$aZmo. Ego_| JwH$s AmkmHo$
~mY hmo`do_| AWdm A~mY_| ^wgodm_|hr {MmHw$ Vna am{IHo$ gwIgy ahZmo.
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H$me : godmH${V BVr. Jwdmkm`m A~mYZ `Wm ^d{V VWm godmH${V nyd_
Ano{jVm. Ed dV_mZmZm H$Xm{MX {deofVmo ^JdXmkm MoV Jwdmkm {d$m
^doV VXm VWm H$m`_ B{V AmeòZ Amh ~mYZ dm harN>`m. {dH$noZ
A~mYZ_ B{V AW. Ed g{V Jwdmkm`m A~mYZo ~mYZo dm godmEd _w`m `Vmo
AV VWd Wo`_ B{V Amh AV: B{V. Ed g{V n`d{gV gwI_od B{V
AmeòZ gwI_ B{V CV_.
Q>rH$m : ""Xod_| Oogr Cm_ ^pV hmo` ho Vogr ^pV Jw_| amIZr'' Eg|
doVmdValw{V_| {b`mo ho. Vmgy JwH$s Amkm_mU godm H$aZr gmo Am_{ZdoXrZH$mo
Y_ ho. gmo Oog| gm{jdV ahrdo_| {g aho Vog| gm{jdV ahZmo. naVw godmH$s
{d$Vmgy gm{jdV Zmht ahZmo. Vm_|h JwH$s BN>mgy {d$ ^yZH$s BN>m
godm_| hmo` Vmo JwH$s BN>mH$mo ~mY hmo`.
BVZ| Om _mU godm H$[adoH$s Jw$ZH$s Amkm ho dmhr _mU godm H$aZr.
Amoa godm_| gm_Jr ^{V {df`_| AV:H$aUmam, dZmam AWdm gmjmV
^JdmZH$s {deof Amkm hmo` V~ Jw$ZH$s AmkmH$mo ~mY hmo`, ^yZH$s
AmkmH$mo ~mY Z hmo`. ^yZH$s Amkm_mU godm H$[ad|V| dY_H$s hm{Z Z
hmo`. AWmV Jw$ZH$s Amkm {g aho Vog| AWdm ^yZH$s BN>mgy Jw$ZH$s
AmkmH$mo ~mY hmo` Vog| godmhr H$aZr. `m| Omo Am_{ZdoXrZH$m| godmhr _w`
ho. Vmgy godmnamÙ {Mm am{IHo$hr ahZmo V~ n`dgmZ_| dmH$m| gwIhr hmo`&&7&&
An XwI hmo` V~ Vmo Eg| gm{jdV amo Om` naVw _hmXwI Am` nS>o
V~ gm{jdV ahr g`mo Z Om`, V~ Vmo {MVm hmo`! Egr H$moD$ e>m H$ao Vhm
H$hV h|:
{Mmmo o J {dYm`m@{n h[aa `X ` V H$[a`{V&&
VW d V` brbo { V _dm {MVm w V Òo V &&8&&
{MmmooJ={Mm_| CoJHw$
VWm Ed=dogr hr
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{dYm`=H$[aHo$, A{n=h
h[a:=lrH$U, `V-`V=Omo-Omo
H$[a`{V=H$a|Jo(VV=dmo)
V`={dZH$s
brbm=brbm, B{V=Egmo
_dm=_m{ZHo$
{MVm={MVmHw$, wV=VwaV
ÒoV=N>moS> Xo
^mdmW : ^JdmZ {Mm_| CoJ H$[aHo$ h Omo-Omo H$a|J| gmoh h[aH$s brbm ho Eg|
_m{ZHo$ {MVmHw$ erKhr N>moS>o.
H$me : H$Xm{MV nwm{X-{d`moJ-e>mO{ZV-Xw:IoZ {MVmg^do J{V_ Amh
{MmmooJ_ B{V.
Q>rH$m : Oog| bmoH$_`mXmHo$ ajUHo${bò `mXdZH$m| emn {Xdm`Ho$ ^JdmZZ|
^mgr`brbm H$ar, `m| Omo AJmS>r `mXdZH$m| {Z`gwI {X`mo ho, Vog| ^VZHo$
maYm{X$n nmn h[adoHo${bò h[a=^JdmZ Omo H$a|Jo, gmo D$nagy ew^ AWdm
Aew^ XrIdo_| AmdVmo hmo`, Vm_| {MmH$m| CoJ hmo`. gmo CoJ H$[aHo$ h[a OmoOmo H$a|J| gmo AnZmo (^VHo$) _hnmn hmo` VmH$mo Zme H$[adoHo${bò h[aH$s
brbm ho, Eg| _m{ZHo$ CoJ H$am`dodmar AWdm CoJgy ^B Egr {MVmHw$ erKhr
N>moS>o. `m| Omo ~mohmoV g_` {MVm a{hdo_| H$mb, H$_ Amoa d^md H$s
~bVmgy {Mm_| AmgwaY_H$mo doe hmo` Om` Vmo \$b_| {V~Y VWm {db~
hmo`. Vmgy {MVmHw$ erKhr N>moS>Zr&&8&&
`m ZdaZJW_| {OVZmo {b`mo ho gmo g~ hmo` gH|$ Zmht Egmo XrIo ho.
`m| Omo ZdYm^pV_| W_ Egr Omo ldU^pV dhmgy Ama^ H$[aHo$ g`^pV
n`V nhMo V~ Om`Ho$ AV_| Am_{ZdoXZH$s ~mar Amdo. Vhm ZdYm^pVH$s
ldUm{X òH$ ^pVH$s {g{ hmoZr O~ XwH$a ho V~ {ZdoXZH$s Vmo {Xemh
{_bZr A`V XyaH$s ~mV ho. Vmgy {ZdoXZ{df`H$ VWm A`{d{Z`moJ{df`H$
{MVmH$mo Omo g_mYmZ A~ VmB {H$`mo gmo g~ `W XrIo ho- Egmo {dMm[aH|$
gmYZ Amoa \$b EH$ H$[aH|$ g~ZH$mo g_mYmZ H$hV h|:
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V_mV gdm _Zm {Z` lrH $ U eaU __&&

dXpX ^ a Ed gVV Wo ` _ Bò d _o _{V&&9&&
V_mV=Vmgy
gdm_Zm=g~ Vahgy
{Z`=h_|em, __=_oamo
lrH$U=lrH$U
eaU=Aml` (B{V=Egmo)
gVV=gVV
dXpX^=~mobVo ^ò
Ed=`m H$magy, Wo`=ahZmo
B{V=Egmo, Ed=hr
_o=_oamo, _{V=_mZZmo ho
^mdmW : D$na H$hr Egr ar{Vgy OrdZH$m| Amngy g~ hmoZmo Ae` ho Vmgy
gdm_mH$[aH|$ ""lrH$U: eaU __'' Eg| {Z` gdH$mb ~mobVohr ahZmo Egr
_oar _{V ho.
H$me : ZZw BX_ A{Ib_ Ae`{_d ^m{V. VWm{h. ldU_ Ama`
g`n`VmJVm {h nMmV {ZdoXZdmVm. V òH$ VXod Xwamn{_{V XyaVam
{ZdoXZ{XJ{n. AV VH$V{MVm`{d`moJ{MVm{Xg_m{h{V {ZaWm B{V {dMm`
gmYZ-\$bo EH$sH$` gdg_mYmZ_ Amh V_mV B{V.
`_mV CVar`m dV: gd_ Ae`_ AV: gdm_Zm eaUmJVm ^waod
gnmX{``{V B{V X`_. ^pV_mJu`mZ gdmZ AemZ {dMm` V {V~Y
dmepV M g MoV n`{V VXm gdm_Zm VWm ^d{V. {Z`_ B{V ZaV`_
C`Vo. A`Wm H$mboZ AmgwaY_doe: `mV. AV:H$aUo VWm^mdo AVWm^do
dm VWm dXZ_ Amd`H$_ B{V kmn{`Vw gVV_ Ed dXpX^ B{V CV_. Ed
g{V bmoH${ejm{n AmZwf[H$s {g`{V. Ed_ CVH$maoU godmnaV`m Wo`_
B{V AWm} dm. ZZw BX_{n Z de`_ B{V Ame> ""`_odf dUwVo'' B{V lwVo
_o _{V Bòd EdH$m[aH$d B{V AW:.
^pV_mJ}
d m`
XmT m W _
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BX_w `Vo &&
AY` gy ` Bd VX - {d_w I `m Zm{W V m&&1&&

^pV_mJ g w Y m{gYmo a
{dMma_WZ :
d`_ &&
\w $ Q>rH $ Vm{Z
aZm{Z
lr_XmMm` n pS>V : &&2&&
_`mo dbrH $ VmZrW {X Y dm d O m{Yn_ &&
ÔVw ^Vm ò Z mgm Z {d_w M{V H${h { MV &&3&&
&& B{V lr{dQ>R>bXr{jV{da{MVmo ZdaZH$me: g_mV: &&
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, ^pV_mJ_| doe ^`mo VWm ^pV_mJ_| {M ^B Vm_| ^JdmZH$mo
AZwJhhr H$maU ho. Eg| ^pV_| doe ^ò nrN>ohr godm_| {V~YH$mo g^d
hmo`, V~ maY VWm H$mbm{XH$gyhr hmo`. VmH$s {Zd{m Vmo g~ZHo$ {Z`m_H$
Ego ^yZgyhr hmo` Amoa Vm_| eaUmJ{Vhr gmYZ ho. gmo Ord ^wHo$ eaU J`mo
hmo` Amoa g~ H$[ado_| ^w VmH$s AepV XoI| V~ ^whr g~ {g H$a|. Vmgy
gdm_mH$[aH|$ eaUmJ{V hmo`Jr Vmo ^whr g~ {g H$a|Jo, ò JyT> A{^m` ho.
V~ W_gyhr eaUmJ{VH$mo CnXoe `m| Zmht H$`m}? Egr e>mH$s {Zd{mHo${bò
gdm_mH$[aH|$ eaU_ H$mo H$aZmo Egmo H$mo ho. BVZ| ^pV_mJ g~Yr
{OVZo {df` h| {VVZo {df`H$mo {~Mma H$[aHo$ Vm_| {V~Y VWm AnZr
AepV H$m| O~ XoIo V~ gdm_mH$[aH|$ eaUmJ{V hmo`. (eaU_H$mo aQ>U)
{ZaVa H$`m} H$aZmo Eg| ~Vm`doHo${bò _yb_| "{Z`' nX H$mo ho. AV:H$aU_|
Vogmo ^md hmo` AWdm Z hmo` VWm{n Vog| ~mobZmo Amd`H$ ho- Eg| OVm`doH$o {bò
""gVV ~mobZmo'' Eg| H$mo ho. Eg| H$mo H$ao Vm_| bmoH$H$m| {ejmh hmo` Om`
ho. AWdm `h A>mja _ gVV H$mo H$aZmo Amoa godmnamÙ hmo`Ho$ ahZmoEgmoh AW hmo` ho.
òh AnZgy hmo` gHo$ Egmo Zmht ho, Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h| Omo ""Egr
_oar _{V ho''. BVZ| Xe_H$Y_| AHy$aOrZ| lrH$UH$m| H$mo ho Omo ""AmnHo$
MaUma{dXHo$ eaU_| Am`mo h gmo AmnH$mo AZwJh ho Eg| _mZw h''. Vmgy
^JdmZH$mo AZwJh hmo` V~hr Ord ^JdmZH$s eaU Om`. gmo Omo h_mao ^V
^JdmZHo$ eaU Jò h| {dZHo$ D$na ^JdmZH$mo AZwJh ho Eg| g_{PHo$ h_Z| Omo
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H$mo ho dmhr _mU H$aZmo Eg| OVm`mo ho&&9&&

B{V lr_Xdb^mMm` {da{MV ZdaZH$s
g{jV ^mfmQ>rH$m
Jmodm_r lrZqghbmbOr _hmamO {da{MV g_mV ^B
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&& AVH$aU~moY: &&

(12)
(AW lrnwfmom_Or `m JWH$s {dd{V_| Amkm H$aV h| Omo)
lrAmMm`_hm^yZZ| godmH$mo CnXoe {H$`mo VmHo$ {ZXm}fnZoHo${bò {gmVah`
JW H$mo. Vm_| ~g~Ygm| godm H$[adodmaoZHo$ gdXmof A{H$pMH$a hmo`
Om` h|, Amoa AJmS>r XmofH$mo ggJ Zmht bJo ho- Egr ^JdmZH$s Amkm ^B
VmH$mo {Z$nU H$sZmo. VmnmN>| godmH$mo Am{YX{dH$nZmo {g hmo`doHo${bò ZdaZ
JW_| {MVmH$s {Zd{mH$mo Cnm` H$mo. VmH$[aHo$ CoJ$n {V~Y Amoa VmH$s
{Zd{mHo$ H$maH$mo {Z$nU H$`m}. gmo O~ Ego {V~YH$s {Zd{m nydH$ godm
H$ao V~ ^JdmZH$mo gmZw^md Ad` hmo`. Amoa O~ gmo hmo` V~ maYm{XH$Ho$
degy W_Ho$ Xmof `{X eof hm|` V~ Oog| N>moQ>o nm_| A{YH$ Ob R>hao Zmht
Vog| Egmo ^Vh ~S>r H$nmHw$ YmaU Zmht H$a gHo$. V~ dmH$m| AnZr ~S>mBH$s
\y${V hmo`. V~ ^JdgmZw^md_| d{MX hmoVr ^JdmZH$s AmkmH$mo ^ Am{X
AnamY dmgy hmo` gHo$ ho. gmo O~ AmkmH$mo ^ H$ao V~ ^JdmZH$s AgZVm
hmo`. naVw Omo ^Jd_$n godm gXm H$aV ho VmH$mo Zme hmo` Zmht. VWm{n
^JdmZH$mo AnamY ^`mo hmo` Vmgy nMmmmn hmo` V~ {MVm hmo`doH$mo g^d
ho. Egr {MpVV AdWm_| H$ar OmVr godm VWm {MpVV _Zgy ^{d`_|h Omo
godm H$aoJmo VmH$mo A{YX{dH$snZmo Zmht hmo`. `m XmofH$s {Zd{mHo${bò `m
JW_| {dMm$n gmYZH$mo CnXoe H$ao h|. AmnHo$ H$WZ_| {ddmg hmo`doHo${bò
~rM_| AnZr Am`m{`H$m H${hHo$, _Z_| Xw>d{m CnZ Z hmo` Vmo Egmo Z hmo`
ò {ZM` H$[aHo$, AnZo AV:H$aUH$m| ~moY H$[adoHo$ {_fV| AnZo ^VZHo$
AV:H$aUH$m| gmdYmZ H$[aHo$ H$hV h|:
(lrJmoHw$bZmWOrZ| lrAmMmÒrH$s Am`m{`H$m `m JWH$s {dd{VHo$
CnmoXKmV_| `m _mU {bIr ho) lrR>mHw$aOrZ| AnZr dmUrHo$ A{Yn{V$n
lrAmMmÒr_hm^yZH$m| H$Q> H$[aHo$ lr^mJdVH$mo `WmW AW H$Q> H$[adoH$s
Amkm Xo`H|$ lrAmMmÒrmam "lrgw~mo{YZrOr' Q>rH$m H$admB. Vm_| VVr`H$Y
VmB lrgw~mo{YZr ^B V~ ^JdmZ lrAmMmÒrHo$ {d`moJHw$ ghZ Z H$[a gHo$
Vmgy H$YH$mo H$_ N>mo{S>Ho$ gyYo Xe_H$YH$mo {ddaU {b{IdoH$s Amkm
H$sZr. V~ Amn Ego hr {H$ò. Xe_H$YH$mo {ddaU nyamo ^ò nmN>| `{X
AVH$aU~moY:
262
lrAmMmÒr gnyU lr^mJdVH$mo {ddaU {bI| V~ Vmo A`{YH$ {db~ hmo`

Om` gmo {db~ Ag Om{ZHo$ ^yZZ| lrAmMmÒrHw$ Xmo ~oa dYm_ nYm[adoH$s
Amkm XrZr. {H$Vw, gnyU lr^mJdVH$mo {ddaU nyU ^`mo Z hmoBdogm| lrAmMmÒrZo
dm AmkmH$mo nmbZ Zmht {H$`mo. V~ ^JdmZHw$ lrAmMmÒrHo$ {_bZH$s
Amd`H$Vm hmo`dogy A{V H$nm`wV amofnydH$ AnZo nmg nYm[adoHo${bò Vrgar
~oa Amkm H$sZr. V~ lrAmMmÒr _hm^wOr ^JdmZH$mo AmJh Xo{IH|$, W_
Xmo` AmkmH$mo CbL>KZ {H$`mo ho gmo lr^mJdVH$s Q>rH$m H$[adoH$s W_ Amkm
^B hVr VmH$s T>Vm AV:H$aU_| hVr Vmgy Xmo` AmkmH$mo CbL>KZ {H$`mo V~
Vrgar Amkm ^ògy ^JdmZH$mo AmJh Om{ZH|$ Egr T>VmH$mo WmZ AV:H$aUhr
ho Egmo {XIm`doHo${bò AV:H$aUH$mo ~moY H$aV h|:
AV:H$aU! _X d m` gmdYmZV`m e U w &&
H $ UmV na ZmpV X d dVw V mo Xmo f d{O V _ &&1&&
AV:H$aU=ho AVH$aU!
gmdYmZV`m=gmdYmZVmgy
eUw =gwZ
H$UmV=H$Ugy, na=Xygamo
_Xdm`=_oao dm`Hw$
dVwVmoXmofd{OV=dVwVXmofgya{hV
Xd=
Xod, Z=Zmht
ApV=ho
^mdmW : ho AV:H$aU! _oao dm`Hw$ Vy gmdYmZ hmo`Ho$ gwZ, H$Ugy A`

dmVd_| Xmofa{hV XodVm H$moB Zht ho.
Q>rH$m : ho AV:H$aU! gmdYmZVmgy _oao dm`H$mo ldU H$a. `hm "AV:H$aU'
_m {b`mo ho. Vmgy AnZmo VWm Xygao H$mo AV:H$aU g_Pdo_| AmdV ho.
VWm{n g_mpV_| H$mo ho Omo ""ò gw{ZH|$ ^V {ZpMVnZoHw$ mV hmo`'' Vmgy
^VZHo$ AV:H$aUH$m| ~moY H$[adoHo${bòhr AnZo AVH$aUHo$ {_fgy ò
dm` H$ho h|.
AVH$aU~moY:
263
Eg| AVH$aUH$m| gmdYmZ H$[aHo$, dO^VZHo$ >mVgy, AnZo dUd

^JdmZH$s Amkm_| _mX`wV hm|` gmo Zmht hmo`doHo${bò W_ ^JdmZH$s
~S>mBH$s ^mdZm H$[adoH$m| H$hV h| Omo bmoH$ VWm doX _| H$ho Ego XmofZH$[aHo$
{dd{OV, {OZH$m| amgH$sS>mH$mo gwI mV ^`mo ho Ego dO^Vh lrH$Ugm| lo>
Zmht ho. Vmgy {dZH$mo >mV bo`H|$ ^JdmZH$s Amkm_| _mX Zmht amIZmo.
(AWmV ^wHo$ doUwZmXHw$ gw{ZHo$ dO^V O~ dZ_| ^yZHo$ {ZH$Q> nYma V~
^yZZo {dZHw$ nmN>| dJh Om`doH$s Amkm XrZr. n[a dO^VZZ| dm AmkmH$mo
nmbZ Zmht H$sZmo. `m ggy AmYw{ZH$ ^Vh H$~hH$ ^JdXmkm qH$dm
^JdXmkmVw` lrAmMmÒrH$s AmkmH$m| AZwg[ado_| _mX {XImdo Vmo dmH$mo
A{Z> hmo`).
`{n ^JdmZH$s godm_| gd Bp`ZH$m| Cn`moJ ho Vmgy g~ Bp`ZH$m|
~moY H$aZmo `mo` ho. VWm{n Oog| amOmHo$ dmYrZ ^ògy am`Ho$ g~ _Zw` VWm
Omh dmYrZ hmo` Om` ho Vog|, _Z ho gmo g~ Bp`ZH$mo amOm ho Vmgy _Z
de_| Am`dogy g~ Bp`| dg_| hmo` Om` h| Eg| OVm`doHo${bò AV:H$aUH$m|hr
~moY {H$`mo ho&&1&&
Eg| AnZo AV:H$aU_| ^mdH$s ~S>mB Am` Om` VmH$s {Zd{m H$[aHo$
OrdHw$ X`H$s {g{ hmo`doHo${bò, Ord d^mdgyhr hrZ ho Eg| OVm`doH$m|
>mV H$hV h|:
MmS>mbr Mo X amOnZr OmVm amkm M _m{ZVm&&
H$Xm{MX An_mZo @ {n _y b V: H$m j{Va ^do V &&2&&
MmS>mbr=MS>mb r
MoV=`{X
amOnZr=amOmH$s npZ
OmVm=hmo`, M=Amoa
amkm=amOmmam
H$Xm{MV=H$~hH$
An_mZo=An_mZ hmo`
A{n=Vmoh,
_ybV:=_ybgy
H$m=H$hm, j{V:=hmZr
AVH$aU~moY:
264
_m{ZVm=A{YH$ g_m{ZV
^doV=hmo`
^mdmW : MmS>mbr `{X amOmH$s amZr hmo`; Ama amOmZo Xygar amZrZ H$aV| dmHw$
A{YH$h _mZr hmo`, Ama {\$a H$moB g_` dmhrHo$ AnamYgy amOmmam dmH$mo
An_mZ hmo` Vmo amOnZrnZo_| H$hm hm{Z ^B? AWmV H$Nw> Zmht. Egohr ho
AV:H$aU! \$b Xo`do_| H$Xm{MV ^w {db~h H$a| VWm{n ArH$ma_| H$mh
H$maH$s hm{Z Zmht ho, Vmgy {MVm Zmht H$aZr.
Q>rH$m : MmS>mbr hmo` gmo H$Nw> JwUgm| H$Xm{MV amOmH$s nZr ^B hmo` Amoa
Xygar nZrZH$s Anojm amOmZo dmHw$ _mZ`wVh H$ar hmo`. {\$a H$Nw>H$ AnamY
^ògy amOmZ| `{X dmH$mo An_mZ {H$`mo hmo` Vm_|, _mZ hmo`doHo$ _yb$n
amOnZrnZogy H$hm j{V hmo` ho?
BVZo (amOmmam d{MX dmH$mo An_mZ {H$`mo Om` Vmoh) amOm {dZm Amoa
H$moD$ dmHw$ Xo{I Z gHo$, ne Z H$[a gHo$ Amoa A`Ho$ {d{Z`moJ_| Z Amdo;
VWm amOnZrnZoH$s ~S>mB B`m{XH$ Omo Y_ Amò gmo `yZ Zmht hmo` ho. Vog|hr
MmS>mb Om{V An_mZHo$ H$maU$n ho Vmgy dm_| Vmo j{V ho hr Zmht naVw
amOnZrnZogyh j{V Zmht ho. `k_| n{VHo$ g ~o{R>do `mo` hmo` gmohr nZr H$hr
Om` ho. Vmgy ò MmS>mbr amOmH$s r ^B Vmoh nZr Zmht H${h Om`; VWm{n
Oog| nZr `mJ`mo` Zmht ho Vog| òh `mJ`mo` Z hmo` Eg| OVm`doHo${bò `hm
"nZr'eX H$mo ho&&2&&
Eg| >mV H${hH|$ {gmV_| `mH$s ~amo~aVm OVm`H|$ Vogr g_PH$mo \$b
H$hV h|:
g_n U mX Ah ny d _ Cm_: qH$ gXm pWV:&&
H$m __mY_Vm ^m`m nMmmmnmo `Vmo ^do V &&3&&
Ah=_|, g_nUmV=g_nUgy
H$m=H$hm
AVH$aU~moY:
265
nyd=n{hbo, qH$=H$hm
gXm=gXm, Cm_:=lo>
pWV:=amo hVmo?
__=_oar, AY_Vm=AY_Vm
^m`m={~MmaZr
`V:=Omgy
nMmmmn:=nMmmmn
^doV=hmo`
^mdmW : g_nUgy nyd H$hm _| gXm Cm_hr hmo? Vmgy \$b{db~_|h _oar
AY_Vm H$hm {dMmaZr, Omgy nMmmmn hmo`! AWmV \$b{db~H$s Xem_|h
""_| nhbogy Vmo AN>mo h'' `m| {dMm[aHo$ AnZmo hbH$monZ Z {dMmaZmo; Amoa
nMmmmnh Z H$aZmo.
Q>rH$m : godmHo$ A{YH$ma$n ~g~Y ^òHo$ n{hbo _| MmS>mbrdV gdXmof
g{hV hVmo. V~ H$hm _| gd H$mb Cm_ hVmo? {H$Vw Cm_ Zmht hVmo. Oog|
MmS>mbr amOnZr ^B Vog| _|h g_nUgyhr Cm_ ^`mo h. Vmgy H$Xm{MV
^JdmZH$s AgZVm hmo` Vmoh _oamo ArH$ma Vmo {H$`mohr ho. Vmgy ^JdmZ
gdWm _oamo `mJ Z H$a|Jo Amoa _| AY_ Z hmoCJmo. Oog| MmS>mbr amOnZr ^B
hmo` VmH$mo amOm `mJ Z H$ao; Amoa {\$a MmS>mbr Z hmo`, Vog| A~ _oar AY_Vm
H$hm hmo`dodmar ho Ho$ Omgy _moHw$ nMmmmn hmo`! BVZ|, H$moC amOHw$_mar amZr
~Zo Amoa H$~hH$ dmH$mo An_mZ hmo` Vmo dmHw$ nMmmmn hmo`. `m| Omo XmoD$
(amOHw$_marH$mo WmZ Amoa amZrH$mo WmZ) g_mZ ho. naVw MmS>mbrH$m| amOmZo
amOnZr H$ar Amoa {\$a dmH$mo An_mZ hmo` dm_| dmH$mo nMmmmn H$aZmo `mo`
Zmht ho. Vog| Ord W_ Vmo A`V hrZ hVmo. VmH$mo ArH$ma H$[aHo$ ^JdXr`
{H$`mo, V~ dmH$m| ^mdH$s ~S>mB hmo`dogy A{^_mZ ^`mo, V~ ^w AgZ ^ò.
Vm_| OrdH$s _mZhm{Z H$hm ho Omo nMmVmn hmo`! Vmgy nMmVmn Z H$aZmo&&3&&
Eg| OrdHo$ Y_mZwgma {~Mma H$[adoH$mo CnXoe H$[aHo$, ^JdmZH$s BN>m
H$moB {_Q>m` gHo$ Zmht ho Egmo AZwgYmZ a{hdoHo${bò ^JdmZHo$ Y_H$mo
{dMmagm| CnXoe H$aV h|:
g`g>nVmo {dUw Zm`Wm Vw H$[a`{V&&
AVH$aU~moY:
266
Amkd H$m`m gVV dm{_mohmo@`Wm ^doV&&4&&

{dUw:=lrH$U
g`g>nV:=
g`g>ndmao hmo`dogy
A`Wm=Amoa Vahgy
Vw=Vmo, Z=Zmht
H$[a`{V=H$a|Jo(V_mV=Vmgy)
gVV={ZaVa
Amkm=Amkm, Ed=hr
H$m`mH$aZr
A`Wm=Zmht Vmo
dm{_moh:=dm{_H$mo moh
^doV=hmo`Jmo
^mdmW : gd`mnH$ lrh[a gmMo {dMmadmao h|. Vmgy \$b Xo`doHo$ {df`_| Amoa
Vahgy Vmo Zmht H$a|Jo. Vmgy gdXm ^wH$s AmkmHo$ AZwgmahr godm H$aZr. dog|
Zmht H$[adogy dm_rH$mo moh hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : ^JdmZ "{dUw' h|, BVZ| ~m{ha-^rVa gd `mV h|. Vmgy AnZo
AV`m{_nZogy g~ZHo$ ^rVa {d> h|. Amoa g`g>n h|. gmo AnZmo Omo g`
g>n ho Vmgy Xwgao H$magm| Vmo Z H$aoJ|, Oogmo g>n hmo`Jmo Vog|hr H$a|Jo.
AWdm ^JdmZ g`g>n h| Vmgy A`Wm Z H$a|Jo; BVZ| \$bXmZ_| {db~ Z
H$a|J|. Vmgy gdXm ^yZH$s AmkmHo$ AZwgma g~ H$aZmo. Omo Eg| Z H$ao Vmo
dm{_moh$n ~S>mo AnamY hmo`&&4&&
godH$nZoH$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ AnZmo Y_ H$[adogy dm{_nZoHo$ {dMmagy ^w
AnZmo Y_ H$aoJ| gmo H$hV h|:
godH$` Vw Y_m}@` dm_r d` H$[a`{V&&
godH$`=godH$H$mo, Vw=Vmo
(ApV=ho)dm_r=dm_r
A`=ò, Y_:=Y_
d`=AnZmo, H$[a`{V=H$a|Jo
AVH$aU~moY:
267
^mdmW : godH$H$mo Y_ Vmo lrh[aH$s AmkmZwgma H$m` H$aZmo gmo hr ho. lrh[a
AnZo ^VHo$ gd H$m` d` H$a|Jo.
Q>rH$m : godH$_| `{X dmH$mo Y_ hmo` Vmo dm_r Omo ^w gmoh AnZo dm_rnZoH$mo
Y_ godH$_| H$a|Jo. AWdm ^w AnZo dm_r h|, AmnwZ {dZHo$ godH$ h|. `m
g~Ygy AnZo {dZHo$ Am_r` h|. Vmgy ^JdmZZ| Omo {dMm`m} hmo`Jmo gmo AnZo
{hVH$mohr hmo`Jmo; Amoa gmohr H$a|J| Ego g_PZmo. òhr godH$H$mo Vmo Y_ ho&&
AnZ ^wHo$ godH$ h| Egmo {dMma Ad` H$aZmo M{hò Eg| OVm`doHo${bò
Xmo bmoH$gm| AnZr A`m{`H$m H$hV h|:
Amkm ny d Vw `m OmVm Jm-gmJa-g_o &&5&&
`m@{n nMmV _Yw d Zo Z H $ V VX ` _`m&&
Xo h -Xo e -n[a`mJ V V r`mo bmo H $Jmo M a:&&6&&
nMmmmn: H$W V go d H$mo @ h ZMm`Wm&&
nyd=nhobo, Vw=Vmo
JmgmJag_o=JmgmJaHo$ gJ__|
`m=Omo, Amkm=Amkm
OmVm=^B, nMmV=nrN>o
_YwdZo=_YwdZ_|, A{n=h
`m=Omo, OmVm=^B
VX `=dmo XmoC
_`m=_oao mam
nMmmmn:=nMmmmn
Z=Zmht, H$V=H$ar
XohXoen[a`mJ:=Xoh-XoeH$mo
n[a`mJ, VVr`:=Vrgar
bmoH$JmoMa:=bmoH$_| {g
(n[a`mJ=g`mg)
Ah=_|, godH$:=godH$ h
A`Wm=Amoa H$Nw>
Z=Zmht, V=Vhm
H$W=`m|
^mdmW : n{hbo Vmo JmgmJaHo$ g_no Xohn[a`mJ$n Amkm ^`r; Amoa nrN>|
AVH$aU~moY:
268
_YwdZ_|h Omo Xoen[a`mJ$n Amkm ^B. _|Zo Xoh-XoeHo$ n[a`mJH$s XmoC Amkm
Zmht nmbr. naVw Vrgar, bmoH$_| {g g`mgJhU nydH$ JhH$mo n[a`mJ
H$[adoH$s Amkm nmbr. (W_ Xmo Amkm Zmht nmbr Vmgm| ^w _oamo `mJ H$[a
XoBJo Ego {~Mmagy) dmH$mo nMmmmn _moHw$ Zmht H$aZmo M{hò. `m| Omo _| Vmo
^wH$mo (A`m`) godH$ h, Amoa H$Nw> Zmht hw. Vmgm| _mH$m| nMmmmn `m|
H$aZmo!
Q>rH$m : W_ JmgmJag_Ho$ Xoe_| Omo Amkm ^B hVr Amoa VmnrN>o
_WwamOr_| Omo Amkm ^B gmo XmoC Amkm _mU _oZ| Zmht {H$`mo. `m| Omo ^yZHo$
d$nH$mo AZw^md H$Q> H$[adoH$s VWm lr^mJdVH$mo JyT>mW H$Q> H$[adoH$s
_moHw$ nydgyhr Amkm ^B hVr. gmo XmoC AmkmZH$mo _|Zo CbL>KZ {H$`mo. `m| Omo
W_ Amkm XohHo$ n[a`mJ{df`H$s ^B hVr Amoa Xygar Amkm XoeHo$ n[a`mJHo$
{df`H$s hVr, gmo XmoC AmkmH$mo nmbZ H$aVmo Vmo dm_mZw^md VWm lr^mJdVH$mo
JyT>mW H$me H$[adoH$s Amkm {g Z hmoVr.
A~ bmoH$Ho$ AZw^d_| Amdo Egmo n[a`mJ (g`mg) H$[adoH$s Vrgar
Amkm ^B Vm_| _moHw$ nMmmmn ^`mo. `m| Omo _| godH$ h, Vmgy dm_rH$s
AmkmHo$ _mU H$aZmo `mo` ho; naVw dm_rH$s AmkmH$mo CbZ H$aZmo `mo`
Zmht ho, Ego {dMmaV| nMmmmn ^`mo. AWdm (g`mgJhU nydH$ JhH$mo
n[a`mJ H$[adoH$s Amkm ^B Vm_mU g`mgJhU nydH$ JhH$mo n[a`mJ {H$`mo.
`{n Xmo` AmkmH$mo CbL>KZ {H$`mo ho Vmgy AnamY hmo`doH$mo g^d ho;
VWm{n VVr` Amkm_mU `mJ {H$`mo Vmgy W_H$s Xmo` Amkmh {g ^B Eg|
_m{ZH|$ nMmmmn H$aZmo `mo` Zmht ho. H$Xm{MV Xmo AmkmH$moh CbL>KZ {H$`mo
ho VmH$[aHo$ Omo AnamY ^`mo ho Vmgy ^w \$b_| {db~ H$a| Vmoh, ò \$bH$mo
{db~ {H$`mo ho gmohr XS> {X`mo ho Egmo Om{ZHo$ godH$H$mo nMmmmn H$aZmo `mo`
Zmht ho. Amoa _| godH$ h A`Wm Zmht h. `m| Omo ^w `{X _oao_| godH$nZmo Zmht
_mZVo Vmo AnamY ^`mo Vmgy Cnojm hr H$aVo, dr`nZmo Om{ZH|$ Vrgar Amkm Z
H$aVo! naVw Vrgar Amkm H$ar ho; Amoa Xmo` AmkmH$mo CbL>KZ ^`mo Vmgy
\$b_| {db~ hmo`Jmo: Egmo Vmn hmo` ho Vmgy ^yZZ| ""ò AnZmo godH$ ho'' Eg|
_m`mo ho, Vmgy nMmmmn H$aZmo `mo` Zmht ho&&5-6&&
AVH$aU~moY:
369
ò {dMma {H$`mo Omo nMmmmn Z H$aZmo gmo Vmo `mo`hr ho, VWm{n W_
Xmo` AmkmH$mo CbL>KZ ^`mo ho gmo Vmo AnamY ^`mo ho. Vmgm| ^JdmZH$s
AgZVm ^B hmo`Jr. VmH$s {Zd{m Z hmo`, V~ ^w H$hm H$a|Jo? Egmo Omo ^`
hmo` gmo Ho$g| {Zdm hmo`? Eogr e>m hmo` VmHo${bò Xygao {dMmaH$mo CnXoe H$aV
h|:
bm { H$H$^w d V - H $ Umo Z >`: H$XmMZ&&7&&
gd g_{n V ^`m H $ VmWm} @ {g gw I r ^d&&
H$U:=lrH$UH$m|
bm{H$H$^wdV=bm{H$H$ dm{_H$s
Vah, H$XmMZ=H$~h, Z=Zmht
H$VmW:=H$VmW, A{g=ho
>`:=Xo{Ido `mo`
^`m=^pVgy
gd=g~, g_{nV=g_{nV
gwIr=gwIr, ^d=hmoC
^mdmW : _| ^wH$mo godH$ h, A` Oogmo Zht h, Vmgy \$b_| {db~ hmo` Vmoh
nMmmmn `m| H$aZmo! Amoa lrh[aHw$ bm{H$H$amOm Am{XH$s Vah Mb{Mm
H$~h Zmht OmZZ|. ^pVgy Am_mg{hV g~ AnZr dVyZH$mo AnU VoZ| {H$`mo
ho Vmgy Vy H$VmW ho, Vmgy n{hboH$s Vah gwIr hmoC.
Q>rH$m : bm{H$H$ dm_r Oog| godH$H$mo AnamY ^`mo hmo` Vmo dmH$mo `mJ H$aV
ho Vog| ^w AnZmo `mJ H$a|Jo Egmo gXoh Zmht H$aZmo- Eg| OVm`doHo${bò H$hV
h| Omo ""bm{H$H$dm{_dV \$b$n lrH$U H$mh{XZ Zmht OmZZ|''. BVZ|,
bm{H$H$_| dm_r mH$V hmo`dogy ArH$VH$mo n[a`mJ H$ao gmo g^{dV ho;
naVw `hm Vmo ^w Abm{H$H$ dm_r hmo`dogy {dZH$mo ArH$ma H$mb`_| {Z`
ho. ArH$VH$mo `mJ H$[adoH$s g^mdZmh Zmht ho. Amoa Voao Cna ^wH$s H$nm
hVr Vmgyhr VoZ| ^pV_mJHo$ AZwgma gd g_nU {H$`mo ho. BVZ| Vw H$VmW ho.
AWmV gd gmYZ$n VWm \$b$n AWHw$ mV ^`mo ho. Vmgy _Z_| {MVm
N>mo{S>Ho$ gwIr hmo&&7&&
AVH$aU~moY:
270
Z bJmdo Vmo ^JdmZh gZ Z hm|`&&8&&

^JdmZH$mo ArH$ma {Z` ho Vmgy `{n \$b XoBJo, VWm{n W_ \$b
{X`mo hVmo Vog| XoBJo qH$dm Zht XoBJo? Ego gXohgy Omo boe hmo` VmH$s
{Zd{mHo${bò >mV XoV h|:
m T >m{n Xw { hVm `V Zo h mV Z o `V dao &&8&&
VWm Xo h o Z H$V ` dag Vw `{V Zm`Wm&&
`V=Oog|, mT>m=~S>r
ZohmV=ZohHo$ H$maU
dao=n{VHo$ nmg
Z=Zmht
o`Vo=ôOdo_| Amdo
VWm=dogo
Xoho=Xoh{dfo
A{n=^r, Xw{hVm=nw{
Z=Zmht
H$V`=H$aZmo
A`Wm=ZqhVmo
da:=n{V
Z=Zmht
Vw`{V=gVw> hmodo ho
^mdmW : ho AV:H$aU! Oog| {H$VZoH$ AkmZr, n{VHo$ `hm Om`do bm`H$

H$`mH$m|h Zohgm| dmHo$ n{VHo$ `hm Zmht ôOo h| Vog| Xoh`mJHo$ {df`_| VmoHw$h
{db~ Zmht H$aZmo M{hò. {db~ H$[adogy ^w gZ Zmht hmoBJo.
Q>rH$m : Oog| nwr ~S>r ^B hmo`, AWmV n{VHo$ gdH$m`Ho$ `mo` ^B hmo`, VWm{n
_mVm{nVmHw$ dmHo$ Cna Zoh hmo` Vmgy Eg| OmZ| Omo ò Vmo A~h ~mbH$ ho Amoa
n{VHo$ Ka_| Vmo H$m` {deof ho gmo H$[ado_| WH$ Om`Jr AWdm boe`wV
hmo`Jr- Eg| Om{ZH|$ dmHo$ n{VHo$ g_rn ôOo Zmht V~ dmH$mo n{V AgZ hmo`
ho. Vog|, AnZo Xoh_| Zoh am{IHo$, ^wH$mo H$m` (godm) H$[ado_| XohHw$ boe
hmo`Jmo, Eg| Om{ZHo$ ^wHo$ H$m`_| XohH$mo {d{Z`moJ Z H$ao Vmo ^w AgZ hm|`.
Vmgy Xoh_| dogmo Zoh Z H$aZmo. `m| Omo nwr ~S>r ^B VmHw$ daH$s nmg Z nR>mdo
Vmo Oog| da gZ Z hmo` Vog| XohHo$ D$na Zoh am{IH|$ ^JdmZH$s godm_| XohHw$
AVH$aU~moY:
271
`{n ^JdmZH$s Amkm_| hR> H$aZmo `mo` Zmht ho VWm{n lr^mJdVH$mo

AW H$Q>H$[adoH$mo ^JdmZH$mo A{^m` ho Vm_mU AW H$Q> H$[adoV| bmoH$_|
~S>mB hmo` Vm_| H$Xm{MV Wmoar-~hmoV \$b Xo`do_| {db~H$s BN>m g^do ho.
`m| Omo lr^mJdVH$mo AW H$Q> H$a| Vm_| ^yHo$nmg nYm[ado_| {db~ hmo`;
Vmgy lr^mJdVH$mo AW H$Q> H$[adoH$mo ^yZH $mo A{^m` ho Vmn|gy {db~oN>mH$mo
g^d ho. Egr e>mH$mo {ZamH$aU H$aV h|:
bmoH$dV MoV pW{Va _o `mV qH$ `mX B{V {dMma`&&9&&
Aeò h[aaodm@pV _moh _mJm: H$WMZ&&
bmoH$dV=bmoH$H$s Vah
MoV=`{X, _o=_oar
pW{V:=pW{V, `mV=hmo`
qH$=`m, `mV=hmo`
B{V=ò(d=Vw_)
{dMma`={dMmamo
Aeò=Ae`|
h[a:=lrH$U, Ed=hr
ApV=ho (AV:=`mgy)
H$WMZ=H$moB^r VahHo$
_moh=_mohHw$, _m=_V
Jm:=mV hmoC
^mdmW : ho AV:H$aU! A` bmoH$H$sVah _oarh `{X bm{H$H$ CH$fm{XHo${bò

bmoH$_| pW{V hmo` Vmo H$hm hmo`, ò Vyhr {dMma H$a. AWmV bm{H$H$
CH$fHo${bò ^wH$s AgZVm H$aZr `mo` Zmht ho. Ae` H$m`_| lrh[ahr
nwfmW {g H$[adodmao h|. Vmgy H$moB VahH$s {MVmHw$ mV _V hmoC.
Q>rH$m : bmoH$dV _oar pW{V `{X hmo` Vmo H$hm \$b hmo`? gmo {dMma H$a. Amoa
Ohm Ae` hmo` Vhm ^w h[ahr h|; AWmV ^VZHo$ Xw:I VWm nmn Hw$
h[adodmao h|, Vmgy H$mh H$magy _mohHw$ mV _{V hmo.
AVH$aU~moY:
272
BVZ| ^JdmZHw$ A{ôV lr^mJdVH$mo AW H$Q>H$[adoV| `{n bmoH$_|

~S>mB hmo`- Oog| O{_{Z VWm `mg Am{XH$ZZo doXgy A{d$ _r_mgm H$ar
Vmgy {dZH$s bmoH$_| ~S>mB ^B -Vog| _|h doXm{XH$Zgy A{d$ Egmo lr_X^mJdVH$mo
AW H$Q> H$ Vm_| O{_{Z VWm `mgm{XH$ dV _oarh ~S>mB hmo`. naVw ò Vmo
bm{H$H$ ~S>mB ho H$Nw> d_mJu` Abm{H$H$ ~S>mB Zmht ho. Amoa d_mJu`
\$bH$mo {dMma H$a| V~ Vmo _wpV Am{X \$bh \$b$n Zmht _mZo Om` h| Vhm
bm{H$H$ \$b Vmo {JZVrh_| H$hm Amd|? Eg| {dMma H$a. AWdm ggma_|
AmgV bmoJ AnZo-AnZo d^mdHo$ AZwgma Oog| VV-VV emZH$m| AZwgaV
h| V|g| _oar pW{V hmoVr V~ Egmo nMmmmn Zmht hmoVmo V~ H$hm hmoVmo? {ZM`
hr _| bmoH$Vw` hmoVmo. naVw bmoH$ Oogr _oar pW{V Zmht ^B ho Vmgy _oao Cna
^JdmZ X`mbw h| Egmo {dMma H$a. Amoa ^JdmZZ| Amkm H$ar ho Vm_mU hmo`
gHo$ Zmht Eg| XrIVmo hmo` Vmo ^JdmZ "h[a' h|; BVZ| _aU H$[adodmaoZHo$ g~
nmnZHo$ hVm h|. gmo AnZ|h ajH$ h| Egmo {dMma H$a. naVw H$mh ar{Vgy _mohH$m|
_{V mV hmo&&91/2&&
Eg| g~ {dMmaHo$ dm` H${hHo$ Cnghma H$aV h|:
B{V lrH $ UXmg` db^` {hV dM:&&10&&
{Mm {V `XmH$` ^Vmo {ZpMVVm d O o V &&
lrH$UXmg`=lrH$UHo$ XmgHo$
db^`=lrdb^Ho$
{Mm={MmHo$
{V={V
B{V=ò, {hV={hVH$mar
dM:=dMZ, `V=Omo
AmH$`=gw{ZHo$
^V:=^V
{ZpMVVm = {ZpMVnZoHw$
dOoV = m hmoC
Q>rH$m : Eg| lrH$UHo$ XmgH$m| gwIgnmXZ H$[adodmao, ^JdmZ VWm ^VZ Ho$
{` Ego lr_Xdb^mMmÒrHo$ {MmHo$ {V dMZ h|, Omo gw{ZHo$ ^V
{ZpMVnZoH$m| mV hm|`.
`m JW_| BVZmo {g ^`mo OmolrAmMmÒr-_hm^yZZ| Oog| ^JdmZH$s AmkmH$mo CbZ {H$`mo Vog|
dUdZHw$ lrAmMmÒrH$mo >mV bo`H|$ ^JdmZH$s AmkmH$mo CbZ Zmht
H$aZmo.
Ord d^mdgyhr Xw> ho; VWm{n g_nUgy Cm_ hmo` ho. Vmgy ^JdmZH$s
H$nm {deof hmo` Vmoh AnZr ~S>mB Z _mZZr.
^JdmZ g`g>n h|, gmo H$hm H$[adoH$s BN>m H$aV h| gmo Om{Zdo_|
Zmht AmdV ho; Vmgy gdXm {dZH$s Amkm{h_| ahZmo. Omo AmkmH$mo CbL>KZ
hmo` Vmo dm{_moh$n ~S>mo AnamY hmo`. Amoa, _| godH$ hm| Vmgm| _oao `mo`hr
_oao dm_r H$a|Jo- Egmo {dMma H$[aHo$ godH$Hw$ dm_rH$s Amkmhr_| ahZmo.
lrAmMmÒrZ| AnZr mT>rgm| Xmo` AmkmZH$mo CbZ {H$`mo Vm_|
nMmVmnhr H$mo ho, Vmgy AnZ| AmkmH$mo CbZ H$aZmo Zmht.
bm{H$H$dm_r Oog| AnamYHo$ H$maU godH$H$mo `mJ H$ao ho Vog| ^JdmZ
godH$H$m| Zmht N>moS>|Jo. ^JdmZH$mo ArH$ma {Z` ho gmo g_nUm{XH$Zgy {g
^`mo V~ H$VmWVmhr hmo`Jr, Egr ^mdZm amIZt, dm_| gXoh Zmht H$aZmo.
^mdmW : lrh[aHo$ Xmg lrdb^mMm`Ho$ AV:H$aUHo$ {V ò {hVH$mar

(`WmW) dMZ h|, OmHw$ AN>rVah gwZH|$ ^VOZ {MVma{hV hmo` Om` h|.
Amoa mT> nwr_| Zoh Oog| amIo ho Vog| Xoh_| Zoh Zmht amIZmo, ^wHo$
{d{Z`moJ_| bJmdZmo. `m| Omo mT> nwr daHo$ nmg ôOdo`mo` hmo` VWm{n dmHw$
AVH$aU~moY:
AVH$aU~moY:
273
274
ZohH$[aHo$ dmHo$ daHo$ nmg ôOo Zmht Vmo da gZ hmo` Zmht Vog| Xoh ^yZH$s
godmHo$ `mo` ho VWm{n `mHw$ l_ hmo`Jmo Eg| {dMm[aHo$ XohHo$ D$na Zoh am{IH|$
^yZH$s godm_| amIo Zmht Vmo ^w gZ hmo` Zmht.
Vog| hr AnZr godmHo${bò ^yZZ| Xoh {X`mo ho Amoa ^yZZ| ArH$ma {H$`mo
ho, VWm{n Omo godm Z H$ao Vmo Xygao bmoH$H$s ~am~ar AnZHw$ hmo`.
Amoa godm_| XohH$mo {d{Z`moJ H$[ado_| {V~Y Am`doH$mo g^d hmo` Vmo
^JdmZhr ajH$ h| Egr ^mdZm amIZr. `m {~Zm Xygamo Cnm` Zmht ho.
&& B{V lr_Xdb^mMm`{da{MV AV:H$aU~moYH$s
g{jV dO^mfmQ>rH$m
lr_XJmodm{_ lrZqghbmbOr_hmamO H$V gnyU ^B &&
&& {ddoH$Y`ml`: &&

(13)
^pV_mJ_| ArH$ma^ògy Ord ^JdmZHo$ XmgnZoHw$ mV ^`mo Amoa
^Jdgodm_| dm ^`mo. V~ godmH$[aH|$ ^pVH$s T>Vm hmo`doH$o {bò "ZdaZ'JW_|
H$ma H$mo ho Vm_mU ({MVmH$mo) `mJ H$[adoH$mo {Z$nU H$[ado_| `{n
{ddoH$, Y` Amoa Aml` gjongy H$ho hVo VWm{n O~ VmB {ddoH$m{XH$ZH$mo
{deof kmZ Z hmo` V~ VmB godm_| Vogr T>Vm hmo` Zmht. Vmgy `m JWmam AnZo
godH$ZHo${bò {ddoH$, Y` Amoa Aml` H$mo {dVmagy {Z$nU H$aV h|:
{ddo H $-Y ` }
gVV
ajUrò
VWm@l`:&&
{ddo H $Vw ""h[a: gd {ZOo N>mV: H$[a`{V''&&1&&
{ddoH$-Y`}={ddoH$ Amoa Y`
gVV={ZaVa
ajUrò=ajU H$[ado`mo` h|
VWm=Eg| hr
Aml`=Aml`
(ajUr`:=ajU H$[ado`mo` ho)

Vw=Amoa, h[a:=lrH$U
{ZOoN>mV:={ZO BN>mgm|
gd=g~H$Nw>, H$[a`{V=H$a|Jo
(B{V=ò), {ddoH$:={ddH$
^mdmW : {ddoH$ Amoa Y` gdXm amIZo Vog|. ò XmoCZH$s {g{Ho${bò Aml`h

gdXm amIZmo. ^w AnZr BN>mgy g~H$Ny> H$a|Jo ò {ddoH$ ho.
Q>rH$m : ^w "h[a' h| AWmV ^VZHo$ Xw:I VWm nmn H$m| h[adodmao h| Eg|
g_OZmo gmo W_ {ddoH$ ho. BVZ|, AnZo `Zgy {g hmo` Egmo bm{H$H$ Amoa
^Jdgodm_| Cn`moJ_| Amdo Egmo Abm{H$H$ g~ ^JdmZ hr {g H$aJ| Vmgy
godm N>mo{S>Ho$ AnZmo `Zm{XH$ Zmht H$aZmo gmo W_ {ddoH$ ho. ò{h ZdaZ_|
""{MVm H$m@{n Z H$m`m'' `m bmoH$_| {Z$nU {H$`mo ho.
AVH$aU~moY:
275
Vhm e>m hmo` Omo mWZm {H$ò {dZm ^JdmZ Ho$g| {g H$aoJ|? Vhm
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
276
H$hV h| Omo ^w AnZr BN>mgy H$aoJ| AWdm AnZo ^VZH$s {dH$maa{hV BN>m
hmo`Jr Vmo ^VZH$s BN>m_mU H$aoJ| Eg| g_PZmo. Vmgy AnZo ^VZHw$ Omo
BpN>V ho Vm_| {dH$ma Zmht hmo`Jmo Vmo ^VZH$mo A^r> ^w AnZr BN>mgyhr
{g H$aoJ|, mWZmH$s Anojm Zmht amIoJ|. VmV| mWZm Zmht H$aZr ò {Vr`
{ddoH$ ho. ò{h ""gd}daM gdm_m'' ò ZdaZHo$ bmoH$_| {Z$nU {H$`mo
ho&&1&&
dmadma mWZm `m| Zmht H$aZr? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BN>m hmo` Vhm H$hV
h|:
m{W V o dm VV: qH$ `mV dm`{^m`g e `mV &&
gd V` gd {h gd g m_` _ o d M&&2&&
dm`{^m`ge`mV=
dm{_Ho$ A{^m`_| ge` hmo`dogy
m{WVo=mWZm H$[adogy
dm=h, VV:=dmgy
qH$=`m, `mV=hmo`
{h={ZpMV$ngy
g~ WbZ_| gd dVw ^JdmZH$shr ho Amoa Omo dVw Z hmo` gmo {g

H$[adoH$mo gm_`h ^JdmZ_| ho. Vog| OmHw$ Omo dVw Ano{jV ho gmo gmjmV
AWdm nanamgy ^whr XoV h| naVw Ord AkmZr ho gmo ""_oZ| `Z H$[aHo$ {g
H$ar'' Eg| _mZV ho. Vmgy OrdHw$ Ego g_OZmo Omo ""_| eaU Zmht J`mo hVmo V~
_oar nmg Omo dVw hVr gmoh ^yZZo hr XrZr hVr, V~ A^r Vmo ^yZZo _oamo
ArH$ma {H$`mo ho Vmgy mWZm {H$ò {dZmhr ^whr Xo`J|'' Egmo {ZM` H$[aHo$
godmhr H$aZr; naVw godm N>mo{S>Ho$ AnZmo `Zm{XH$ Zmht H$aZmo gmo MVwW
{ddoH$ ho&&2&&
`hm Egr e>m hmo` Omo H$Nw>H$ g_` godm H$aZr Amoa ~mH$sHo$ g_`_|
Xygamo H$m` H$ao Vmo H$hm Xmof ho? Vhm H$hV h|:
A{^_mZM g`m`: dm`YrZd^mdmZV&&
gd=g~ {R>H$mZ|
M=Amoa, gd=g~ H$Nw>
gdgm_`=g~ gm_`
V`=dmH$mo, Ed=hr
^mdmW : mWZm {H$òVo H$hm hmo`? H$Nw>h Z hmo`. `m|? Omo dm{_H$mo
A{^m` H$hm ho gmo AnZ Zmht OmZo h|. g~ WbZ_| gd dVw ^JdmZH$shr
ho Amoa Omo dVw Z hmo` gmo {g H$[adoH$mo gm_`h ^JdmZ_| ho.
Q>rH$m : mWZm {H$òVo H$hm hmo`? H$Nw> h Z hmo`. `m|? Omo dm{_H$mo
A{^m` H$hm ho gmo AnZ Zmht OmZo h|. ^JdmZ AnZr BN>mgy{h Xo`Jo, BN>m
Zmht hmo`Jr Vmo Zmht Xo`Jo; Vmgy mWZm H$[aHo$ dY_H$s hm{Z `m| H$aZr?
Eg| g_OZmo gmo VVr` {ddoH$ ho.
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
277
dm`YrZd^mdZmV=dm{_Ho$ AYrZ hmo`doH$s ^mdZmgm|

A{^_mZ:=A{^_mZ, M=Vmo
g`m`:=Am{N> ^m{Vgm| `mJdo `mo` ho
^mdmW : dm{_Ho$ AmYrZ g~ h| Egr ^mdZmgy dmgZm g{hV A{^_mZH$mo
`mJ H$aZmo.
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, `mH$mo A{^m` `h ho Ho$ g_nU ^ò nrN>o Xohm{XH$Z_| AnZonZH$mo
A{^_mZ Zmht amIZmo. `m|? Omo Xohm{XH$Z_| dVVmH$[aH|$ A{^_mZ hmo` Vmo
{VZ_| Xoh VWm Bp`Z H$mo {d{Z`moJ hmo`. Vmgy {VZ Xohm{XH$Z_|gy A{^_mZH$mo
`mJ H$[aHo$ Xohm{XH$ g~ ^JdmZ_| Am{nV {H$ò h| VmV| g~ ^JdmZHo$ AmYrZ
h| Egr ^mdZm H$aZr. Amoa O~ Egr ^mdZm ^`r V~ Ho$db ^JdmZHo$
AmYrZnZoH$mo AZwgYmZ gdXm aho. BVZ|, ^JdH$m` {dZmHo$ Amoa g~ H$m`Z_|
XmofH$s \y${V hmo`Jr. VmH$[aH|$ AnZo dm_r Omo ^JdmZ {VZ g~pY H$m`Z_|{h
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
278
dY_nZoH$s \y${V hmo`Jr. V~ dh dUd ^wgodm{h H$aoJmo, Xygao_| Xmof$n

~w{ hmo`dogy Xygamo H$m` H$aoJmo Zmht ò nM_ {ddoH$ ho. ò{h ZdaZ_|
""{ZdoXZVw _V`_'' `m bmoH$Ho$ {ddaU_| lrJwgmBOrZo {Z$nU {H$`mo ho.
AnZmo ArH$ma Oog| ^yZZo {H$`mo ho Vog| r, nwm{XH$ g~ZH$mo ArH$ma AnZo
g{h ^yZZ| {H$`mo ho Vmgy {VZHo${bòh AnZmo `Zm{XH$ Zmht hmo`Jmo. ò{h
ZdaZ_| ""{MVm H$m@{n'' `m bmoH$Ho$ `m`mZ_| ""bm{H$H$s VWm Abm{H$H$s
{MVm N>moS>Zr'' Egr npVgy {Z$nU {H$`mo ho.
{deo f VMo X Amkm `mX AV:H$aUJmo M a:&&3&&
VXm {deo f J`m{X ^m` {^Z Vw X { hH$mV &&
AV:H$aUJmoMa:=AVH$aU_| Om{Zdo_|
MoV=Omo, {deofV:={deofH$maH$s
Amkm=Amkm, `mV=hmo`
VXm=V~
{deofJ`m{X={deof J{V Am{X
Amdo Egr
H$V`_=H$aZmo, Vw=Amoa
X{hH$mV=Xohg~Ygy
{^Z=AbJ
(^m`_=H$aZmo)
^mdmW : godm H$aV AV:H$aUgy Om{Zdo_| AmVr H$moC {deof ^JdXmkm hmo`
Vmo VXZwgma H$aZmo. Egr {deof Amkmh AnZo Xohm{XH$Ho$ g~Ygy {^Z hmo`
V~hr dm Amkm_mU {deof H$aZmo.
Q>rH$m : Eg| lrAmMmÒr _hm^yZH$s AmkmZwgma {ddoH$m{XH$Zgy godm H$aVmo
hmo` Vm_| ^yZHw$ Ano{jV dVw hmo` VmH$s Amkm lrAmMmÒrH$s Amkmgy
{deof hmo` Vmo ^yZH$s Amkm_mU {deof H$aZmo. Amoa `{X {deof Amkm hmo`
Zmht Vmo lrAmMmÒrH$s AmkmZwgma{h godm H$aZr.
^yZH$s {deof Amkm Ho$g| Om{Zdo_| Amdo? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|
Omo (^w AV:H$aUJmoMa h| BVZ| AV`m_r h| Vmgy) AV:H$aU_| Om{Zdo_|
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
279
Amdo Egr Amkm hmo`. AWmV dZm{Xmam ^w OVmd| AWdm ^VZHo$

AV:H$aU_| ^w {~amOV h| Vmgy Am_mnZogyh ^VZHw$ \y${V aho ho BVZ|
^JdmZH$s Amkmh Om{Zdo_| AmdV ho.
^JdmZHo$ d$n VWm brbmHo$ g~Y_| ^yZH$s {deof Amkm hmo` Vmo
Vm_mU godm_| H${V H$aZr, Zmht Vmo lrAmMmÒrH$s AmkmZwgmahr H$aZr.
^yZH$s {deof Amkmh `{X AnZo Xohm{XH$Ho$ g~Ygy {^Z hmo` V~ hr dm
Amkm_mU {deof H$aZmo. BVZ|, rHo$ g~YH$mo AWdm nwm{XH$Ho$ {ddmhm{XH$Ho$
g~YH$mo Omo H$m` hmo` Vm_| {deof Amkm hmo`doH$mo g^dh Zmht gmo _yb_|
"{^Z'nXgy OVm`mo ho. ò{h {Z$nU ZdaZ_| ""godmH${Va Jwamoa Amkm ~mYZ
dm harN>`m'' `m bmoH$_| {H$`mo ho. Vmgy g_nU {H$ò nrN>o VXr`nZoH$mo
AZwgYmZ am{IHo$ ^yZHo$ gmXnZogy {OVZmo Amd`H$ hmo` {VVZmohr bm{H$H$
g~ H$aZmo naVw AmJh H$[aHo$ {deof Zmht H$aZmo ò N>R>mo {ddoH$ ho.
godm_| YZ ^{V M{hò gmo Z hmo` V~ H$aO H$[aHo$ gm_Jr ^{V g~
H$[adoH$mo AmJh amIZmo Ho$ Zmht? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BN>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
AmnX J `m{XH$m`} f w hR>g `m`M gd W m&&4&&
AZmJ h M
gd
Y_m Y _m @ J X e Z _ &&
{ddo H $mo @ ` g_m`mVmo Y ` Vw {d{Z$`Vo &&5&&
M=Amoa, AmnXJ`m{XH$m`}fw=
Amn{m Am` nS>o Ego H$m`_|
gdWm=g~ H$magm|
hR>:=hR>, `m`:=`m`ho
gd=g~ OJh
AZmJh:=AmJhH$mo `mJ
(H$V`:=H$[ado`mo` ho)
Y_m@Y_m@JXeZ=
Y_ Amoa AY_ H$mo AJXeZ
(H$V`=H$aZmo)
A`=ò, {ddoH$:={ddoH$
g_m`mV:=AmN>r ^m{Vgm| H$mo
Vw=A~ Vmo, Y`=Y`
{d{Z$`Vo={deof$ngy{Z$nUH$aoh|
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
280
^JdX^VZHw$ H$_m{XH$ H$aZmo ho Eg| OmZZmo.

^mdmW : Amn{m mV hmo` V~ hR> gdWm N>moS>Zr. AmJhH$mo h `mJ H$aZmo.
gd Y_ Ama AY_ H$mo nyd{dMma H$aZmo. `m H$magy {ddoH$H$mo AmN>r ^m{Vgy
`m`mZ {H$`mo. A~ Y`H$mo {dVmagy {Z$nU H$aV hm|.
Q>rH$m : Amn{m mV hmo` V~ W_ Omo gm_Jr ^{VH$mo {Z`_ ~m`mo hmo`
Vmhr _mU H$[adoH$s hR> gdWm N>moS>Zr. BVZ|, H$aO H$[aHo$ {Z`_mZwgma g~
H$aZmohr Egr hR> gdWm Zmht H$aZr {H$Vw {dZm `Z Omo {_bo Vm_| gVmof
am{IHo$ {VVZmo{h ^yZH$m| AnU H$aZmo, {deofH$mo AmJh Zmht amIZmo. `m|?
Omo nw{>_mJH$s _`mXmgy ^yZHw$ ^V Omo g_n}Jmo gmo ^w gmjmV ArH$ma
H$a|Jo. Ohm ^wg~pY H$m`_|h hR> Zmht H$aZr Vhm bm{H$H$ H$m`_| hR> gdWm
Zmht H$aZr Vm_| Vmo H$hm H$hoZmo? ò gV_ {ddoH$ ho.
d{XH$ H$m`_| Ho$go H$aZmo? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BN>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h| Omo
_mm VWm d{XH$ gd WbZ_| AmJh Zmht H$aZmo. BVZ|, ^JdgodmHw$ N>mo{S>Ho$h
_mm-lmVm{XH$ Y_ZH$mo AmMaU H$aZmo Egmo AmJh gdWm Zmht H$aZmo. {H$Vw
^JdmZH$s Amkmgy mV ^`mo Omo Amd`H$ H$_ ho gmo godmHo$ AZdga_|
H$aZmo. _yb_| "M'H$ma ho Vmgy gmjmV ^JdmZH$mo g~Y Om_| Z hmo` Ego g~
H$m`Z_| AZmJhhr amIZmo ò A>_ {ddoH$ ho.
d{XH$ Y_Z_| AZmJh Ho$g| hmo`? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BN>m hmo` Vhm H$hV
h| Omo Y_ Amoa AY_ H$mo AJXeZ H$aZmo. BVZ|, n[aUm_H$mo {dMma H$aZmo. gmo
`m _mU Ho$ Oog| lmV-_mVm{XH$ Y_, Amoa ò Zmht H$[adoV| nmn bJo gmo
AY_, VmH$mo n[aUm_ {dMm[aHo$ OmHo$ n[aUm__| AY_ XrIdo_| Amdo gmo Zmht
H$aZmo. Oog| _mm-lmV Y_ Amoa ^Jd_, {VZ_| Cmamoma ~bdmZ ho. Vmgy
lmV (d{XH$) Y_ H$[ado_| _mm Y_H$mo `mJ hmo` Vm_| Xmof Zmht ho. Vog|
^Jd_ H$[ado_| _mV VWm lmV Y_H$mo `mJ hmo` Vmo Xmof* Zmht ho. `m|?
Omo g~gy A{YH$ ~b~mamo ^Jd_ ho Eg| {dMm[aHo$ _mm VWm lmV Y_Z_|
AmJh Zmht H$aZmo ò Zd_ {ddoH$ ho. ^JdmZH$s Amkm ho Omo ""H$_ H$aZmo''
VmHw$ `m _mJ_| _mU Zmht _mZo h| Egr H$mhHw$ e>m hmo` gmo Zmht hmo`doHo${bò
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
281
Eg| {ddoH$ {dVmagy H$mo. A~ Y`H$mo {Z$nU {dVmagy H$aV h|. BVZ|,
ZdaZ_| ""{MmmooJ {dYm`m{n'' ò bmoH$_| Y`H$mo {Z$nU {H$`mo ho. naVw
A~ {dVmagy {Z$nU H$aV h|&&5&&
{Q>nUr : *`hm _mm VWm d{XH$ Y_H$mo `mJ hmo` Vm_| Xmof Zmht ho Eg|
H${hdoH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Ho$ Omo ^V gdH$mb ^Jd__| ahVmo hmo` VmHw$
_mmm{XH$ Y__| {OVZmo g_` Om` {VVZmo g_` ^Jd_ Ny>Q>o V~ Ego ^VHo$
_Z_| boe hmo`. Vmgm| _mmm{XH$ Y_H$mo \$b hmo` Zmht. Amoa ^Jd_
N>mo{S>H|$ _mmm{XH$ Y_ H$ao Vmoh VmH$mo \$b Z hmo` Amoa CbQ>mo nmn bmJo. Vm
H$[aHo$ {ZaV ^Jd__|hr _Z Omo ahVmo hmo` VmHw$ _mmm{XH$ Y_ Ny>Q> Om`
Vmo haH$V Zmht.
A~ Y`H$mo bjU H$hV h|:
{Xw : I-ghZ Y ` _ Am_ V o : gd V : gXm&
VH $ dX - Xo h dX - ^m` OS>dX - Jmo n ^m` d V * &&6&&
Am_Vo:=_aU n`V
gXm={ZaVa
{Xw:IghZ={VZmo H$maHo$
XwIZHw$ ghZ H$aZmo, Y`=Y`
VH$dV=N>mgH$s `mB
gdV:=g~ H$magm|
XohdV=XohH$s `mB
OS>dV=OS>H$s `mB
Jmon^m`dV=dmboH$s npZH$s `mB
^m`_=^mdZm H$aZr
^mdmW : _aU Oogmo H$> Am` Om` Vhm VmB AWdm Am`w` aho Vhm VmB
Am{Y^m{VH$m{XH$ Vr`mo H$maHo$ Xw:IZH$m| g~ Vaohgy gXm ghZ H$aZmo VmH$mo
Zm_ "Y`' ho.
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
282
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, Xohg~Yr Omo Xw:I hmo` gmo Am{Y^m{VH$, H$m_m{XH$Zgy

Bp`g~pY Omo Xw:I hmo` gmo Am`mp_H$ Amoa Ord_| {H$VZmoH$ Y` ho Eg|
narjmHo$ AW AWdm Xw:I ^wJVdoH$mo OrdH$mo maY hmo` VmHo$ AW ^Jd{XN>mgy{ h
Xw:I mV hmo` ho gmo AWdm ^yZHw$ {d{Z`moJ H$[adoHo${bò Om dVwH$s Anojm
hmo` gmo dVw {_{bdo_| {db~ hmo` Vm H$[aH|$ Omo Xw:I hmo` gmo Am{YX{dH$
Xw:I g_OZmo. ò Vr`mo H$maHo$ Xw:I hm|` V~ Xoh, Bp` Amoa {Mm `mHw$b
hm|`. V~ godm {g Z hmo`. Vmgy godmH$s {g{Ho${bò Vr`m| H$maHo$ Xw:IH$m|
ghZ H$aZmo. gmoh _aU n`V H$> Am` nao Vhm VmB AWdm Am`w` aho Vhm
VmB ghZ H$aZmo. gmoh EH$ H$maHo$ AWdm Xmo` H$maHo$ Xw:IH$m| ghZ H$aZmo
Eg| Zmht {H$Vw g~ VaohHo$ Xw:IZH$m| ghZ H$aZmo.
Vm_| >mV H$hV h| Omo VH$ (N>mN>)_|gy ZdZrV (_mIZ) {ZH$mgbo h|
V~ VH$ gma a{hV hmo` Om` ho. {nN>o `{X N>mN> Tw>b Om` Vmo Oog| dm_| A{^_mZ
Zmht hmo`dogy Xw:I Zmht hmo` ho Vog| XohHo$ g~YrZ_|gy VH${H$gr`mB A{^_mZ
N>mo{S>dogy do An_mZm{XH$ H$a|J| VmH$mo Xw:I Zmht hmo`Jmo Ego A{^m`gy
XohdmaoZHw$ dmHo$ g~Yr Omo rnwm{XH$ {VZ_| VH$H$s ^mdZm am{IdoH$mo H$mo
ho. BVZ|, Xohm{XH$Zgy Omo ^Jdg~pY H$m` hmo` gmo{h ZdZrV (_mIZ) ho
Eg| g_OHo$ ^Jdg~pY H$m`Z_|{h ZdZrVdV A{^_mZ amIZmo.
Eg| Am{Y^m{VH$ Xw:I ghZ H$[ado_| >mV H${hHo$ Am`mp_H$ Xw:I
ghZ H$[ado_| >mV H$hV h| Omo H$m_-H$moYm{XH$Zgy Bp` g~pY Omo Xw:I
hmo` ho Vm_| OS>âVH$s ^mdZm H$aZr. BVZ|, OS>âVHw$ Oog| ^JdX^mdH$[aH|$
Am{d> g~ Bp` ^`r hVr Vmgy Xw:IH$mo ^mZ Zmht hVmo Amoa OS>nZmo ^`mo
hVmo Vog| godm_| Omo dm ^`mo hmo` gmo g~ Bp` ^Jdg~pY h| Egmo
AZwgYmZ am{IHo$ ^JdmZ_|hr {dZH$mo {d{Z`moJ H$ao V~ {ZaVa ^yZH$s godm
VWm JwUZHo$ H$sVZ-_aUm{XH$ZH$mohr Amdoe aho BVZ|, H$m_-H$moYm{XH$ZH$mo
Xw:I Z hmo` Ego A{^m`gy OS>H$s ^mdZm H$[adoH$mo H$mo ho.
Eg| Am`mp_H$ Xw:I ghZ H$[ado_| >mV H${hHo$ Am{YX{dH$ Xw:I
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
283
ghZ H$[ado_| >mV H$hV h| Omo maYHo$ ^moJ ^wJVm`doH$s ^yZH$s BN>m
hmo` AWdm narjmHo$ AW ^w \$b Xod_| {db~ H$a| V~ Jmon^m`mZH$s ^mdZm
H$aZr. BVZ|, Oog| AVJhJVmZHw$ gH$m_~w{ hVr Vmgy Xw:I ^wJVdoH$mo maY
hVmo gmo ^yZHo$ g amg_| {_bdoHo$ \$bHo$ {db~_| H$maU ^`mo. VmV| Jh_|gy
{ZH${gdoH$mo aVm {_`mo Zmht V~ Zo _y{XHo$ ^yZH$mo `mZ {H$`mo V~ ^yZHo$
{dahH$mo Xw:I Egmo ^`mo Omo H$moQ>mZ-H$mo{Q> df VmB Hw$^rnmH$m{XH$ ZaH$
^wJVdo_| {OVZmo Xw:I hmo` {VVZmo Xw:I {dZHw$ ^JdmZHo$ {dahgy EH$ jU_|
^`mo. gmo ^wJ`mo V~ nmnZH$s {Zd{m hmo`dogy `mZ_| ^w nYmao V~ ^yZH$mo
Ambof {H$`mo. Vm_| Egmo gwI ^`mo Omo H$moQ>mZ-H$mo{Q> df VmB dJm{XH$
^wJdVdo_| {OVZmo gwI hmo` {VVZmo gwI ^JdmZHo$ Ambofgy EH$ jU_| ^`mo.
Vm nmN>| gJwU XohH$mo n[a`mJ ^`mo V~ ^JdmZH$s mpV ^B. Vog| _moHw$h
maY^moJ ^ò {nN>o ^JdmZ \$b Xo{hJ| Ego Y`gy Xw:I ghZ H$aZmo. Vog|
{OZH$mo {ZJwU Xoh hVmo {VZHw$ {V~Y Z ^`mo Amoa ^JdmZH$s nmg nhm|Mo V~
^yZZ| Ka Om`doHo${bò {H$VZoH$ dMZ H$ho Vm g_` `knpZdV A`Wm^md
{dZH$mo Z ^`mo {H$Vw Omo BN>m _Z_| hVr gmo nyU Zmht hmo`doH$mo g^d ^`mo
VmHo$ Xw:IH$m| ghZ H$[aHo$ Y`gy ^pV_mJHo$ AZwgma Cmahr {X`mo, naVw
JhJ_ZH$s BN>mh Z ^`r. Vog|hr gmVh {db~O{ZV Xw:IH$m| ghZ H$[aHo$
{Zad{Y Zohgy _mJH$s _`mXm_| a{hdogy ^JdmZ \$b Xo{hJ| Egmo Y` am{IHo$
Xw:IH$m| ghZ H$aZmo&&6&&
{Q>nUr : hdm Zn n{V_do` ^wOX> XoemVao {d{YdemX J{UH$m@p_
OmVm&nw nqV g_{YJ` {MVm {d>m emoMm{_ JmonJ{hUr H$W_ VH$_&&B{V
Am`m{`H$m A AZwgYo`m.
A~ Bhm Vmo Am{Y^m{VH$ Xw:I ghZ H$[ado_| Xohm{XH$ZHo$ g~Yr Omo
^m`m-nwm{XH$ An_mZm{XH$ H$a| VmHw$ ghZ H$[adoH$mo H$mo ho Amoa {Z~Y_|
r^{V AZwHy$b hm|` Vmo {dZH$s nmg godm{XH$ H$amdZmo; CXmgrZ hm|` Vmo
AnZo hmWgy H$ao Amoa {VHy$b hm|` Vmo JhH$mo `mJ H$ao Eg| H$mo ho. naVw
{VaH$mam{XH$Zgy ^m`m{XH$ AnZHw$ Xw:I Xo Zmht VWm{n `mJ hr H$aZmo H$hm!
Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
284
VrH$mamo `N>mV: {gmMo Z ZmJ h r ^do V &&

^m`m X rZm VWm@ò f m_ AgVMmH $ _ gho V &&7&&
`N>mV:=Xd BN>mgm|
MoV=`{X
VrH$ma:={VH$ma
{g:=hmo` gHo$ Vmo
AmJhr=AmJhdmamo
Z=Zmht
^doV=hmo`
^m`mXrZm=npZ Am{XHo$
M=Amoa
Aòfm=A`ZHo$
M=Amoa
AgV:=AgV bmoJZHo$
AmH$_={VaH$ma/nrS>mHw$
ghoV=ghZ H$a
^mdmW : ^Jd{XN>mgy Xw:IH$s {Zd{mH$mo Cnm` {g hmo` Om` Vmo JhH$mo

`mJ H$[ado_| AmJhdmamo Z hmo`. Eg|hr r ^VrZH$mo, XygaoZH$mo Amoa
AgnwfZH$mo h {VaH$ma ghZ H$ao.
Bp`ZH$s d{m {df`_| Z hmo` V~ {dZH$mo `mJ H$[ado_| AmJhdmZ Z hmo`.

`m|? Omo godm_| AVam` Zmht hmo` ho. Amoa ^yZHo${bò _mbm, MXZ ^{V
VWm ^moJ-gm_Jr Ad` Ano{jV ho. gmo ^yZZ| ArH$ma {H$ò nrN>| _hmgmX
{X`mo ho gmo AnZo gm^m`$n ho Eg| Om{ZHo$ {dZH$mo Cn^moJ H$[ado_| ~m VWm
^rVa H$s ew{ hmo` ho. Vmgy ^Jd__| Amdoe hmo` ho. VmV| {dZH$mo `mJ Zmht
H$aZmo. `m|? Omo "godm\$b'JW_| godmHo$ VrZ \$b {bIo h| Vm_| ò Abm{H$H$^moJ
_w`\$b_| {J`mo ho.
Eg| Am`mp_H$ XwIHo$ {VH$ma_| `dWm H${hHo$ Am{YX{dH$ XwIHo$
{VH$ma_| `dWm H$hV h| Omo maY^moJ ^ò nrN>o AWdm ^w narjmHo${bò
{db~ H$aV hm|` gmo narjm ^ò nrN>o H$nm H$[aHo$ ^w godmon`mo{J YZm{XH$
gmjmV AWdm nanamgy XodoH$s BN>m H$a| V~ {dZH$mo `mJ H$[ado_| AmJhdmamo
Z hmo` {H$Vw ^JdmZZ| AnZo Cn^moJHo${bò `h {X`mo ho Eg| _m{ZHo$ g~
^JdmZHo$ AW hr Cn`moJ H$aZmo, dmWm}n`moJ Zmht H$aZmo.
A~ Am`mp_H$ XwIHo$ {VH$ma_| `dWm H$hV h| Omo g~ Bp`ZHw$

AnZo-AnZo ^mo`dVwHo$ `mJ_| XwI hmo` ho. gmo ^Jd{XN>mgy W_gy {h
D$na Am{Y^m{VH$m{XH$ Xw:IH$m| ghZ H$[adoH$mo H$mo hVmo. VmH$s hH$sH$V

{b{IHo$ A~ Xohm{X g~pY Xw:I Xododmao H$moZ? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BN>m hmo`
Vhm H$hV h| Omo r ^{V "^m`m'{XH$ H$ho Om` h|. Vmgy âU-nmofU H$[ado_|
AnZo g_mZ h|. {VZH$m| âU-nmofUhr Ano{jV ho, Y_ Ano{jV Zmht ho. BVZ|,
Xohm{XH$ g~ dVyZH$mo AnZo {dfo {d{Z`moJ hmo` dmH$mo Zm_ "âU-nmofU' ho.
gmo Z hmo` V~ do A{VH$_ H$a| VmH$m| ghZ H$aZmo, naVw H$moYm{XH$ H$aZmo Zmht.
Vog| AnZ| godm nYam`r Z hmo` V~ g~ZHo$ g {_bZm{XH$H$mo Oogmo `dhma
H$aVo hm|` Vogmo `dhma godm nYmamò nrN>o Z aho V~ {_m{XH$ VWm Amoah bmoH$
B`m H$[aHo$ A{VH$_ H$a| VmH$m| ghZ H$aZmo. AWdm AnZo ^mVm^{V ~YwbmoJ
dUd hm|` VWm{n ~YwnZogy YZm{XH$Ho$ {d^mJm{XH$Z_| of hmo`dogy doh
A{VH$_ H$a| Vmo dmH$m| ghZ H$aZmo. Vog| AnZo Xmg hm|`, gmo r-nwm{XH$ZH$sgr
ZmB nmofU H$[ado`mo`_| AV^yV h|, gmoh {dZHo$ ggy A{VH$_ H$a| Vmo dmH$m|
ghZ H$aZmo. ò g~ Y_{damoYr H$ho h|. Amoa _yb_| "M'H$ma ho Vmgy Y_Ho$
AZwamoYr {e`-^Vm{XH$ hm|` doh _mXgy Ordd^mdH$[aH|$ A{VH$_ H$a|
V~, `h maYm{XH$ ^moJ ho Egr ^mdZmH$[aH|$, Y` am{IHo$ VmHo$ XwIH$m|
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
Q>rH$m : BVZ| r ^{V ^Jd{XN>mgy AZwHy$b AWdm CXmgrZ hm|` Vmo {dZH$mo
`mJ H$[ado_| AmJhdmamo Z hmo`. AZwHy$b hm|` Vmo {dZH$snmg ^yZH$s godm
H$amdo Amoa CXmgrZ hm|` Vmo d` hr godm H$ao. VWm{n {dZH$mo `moJ-jo_ Vmo
Ad` H$aZmo, `mJ Zmht H$aZmo. godm_| {VHy$b hmo`Ho$ {V~Y H$a| Vmohr
`mJ H$ao, Zmht Vmo `mJ gdWm Z H$ao. `m|? Omo hR>H$[aH|$ {dZH$mo `mJ H$ao
Vm_| r ^VrZHw$ H$moYH$mo Amdoe hmo` V~ AnZmo of H$ao. Vmgy godm_|
{V~Y hmo` V~ godm ~Z gHo$ Zmht. gmo godm_| {V~YH$ Amnhr ^ò. Vmgy
AmJhgy gdWm `mJ Zmht H$aZmo. ò Am{Y^m{VH$ XwIHo$ {VH$ma_| `dWm
H$hr.
285
286
ghZ H$aZmo, naVw {dZHo$ Cna H$moYm{XH$ Zmht H$aZmo. `m|? Omo {e`^VZHw$h AnZohr ^wg~Y H$adm`mo ho, {\$a {dZH$s Cna H$moY H$[ado_|
{dZH$mo A{Z> hmo`. ^JdXr`ZH$mo `h Y_ Zmht ho Omo AnZ| {OZH$mo ArH$ma
{H$`mo hmo` {VZH$mo A{Z> H$a|. Vmgy {dZHo$ A{VH$_H$m| ghZhr H$aZmo&&7&&
Eg| godmHo$ {V~YH$nZogy r ^{VZHo$ A{VH$_UHw$ ghZ H$[adoH$mo
{Z$nU H$[aHo$ godmHo$ {V~YH$nZogy ^moJH$mo `mJ H$[ado_|h VmX BpÒ{ZV
Am`mp_H$ XwI hmo` VmH$m| ghZ H$[adoH$mo H$ma H$hV h|:
d`_ Bp`H$m`m { U H$m`-dmL > -_Zgm Òo V &&
Aey a o U m@{n H$V ` d`mgm_` - ^mdZmV &&8&&
d`=Amnw
Bp`H$m`m{U=Bp`ZHo$ H$m`ZHw$
H$m`-dmL>-_Zgm=H$m`m-dm{U-_Zgy
ÒoV=`mJXo, AeyaoU=Ag_Wmam
A{n=h, d`=AmnwZr
Agm_`^mdZmV=gm_`
{dhrZ hmo`doH$s ^mdZmgm|
H$V`_=H$aZmo
^mdmW : H$m`m, dmUr Amoa _Z H$[aH|$ AnZo ^moJHo${bò Bp`ZHo$ H$m`ZHy$

N>moS>Zo. XwI ghZ H$[ado_| AnZr epV Z hmo` Vmoh AnZmo gm_` Zmht ho Egr
^mdZm H$[aHo$ XwI ghZ H$aZmo.
Oog|, OmHw$ {Z` H$Nw>H$ ` {_bo V~ {Zdmh hmo` Egmo X[a hmo` VmHw$ EH$
{XZm H$Nw> {_bo Zmht V~ gdoa_| bodo (Imdo)H$mo H$Nw> hmo` Zmht V~ XwI hmo`.
naVw dm_| (dmo X[a Oog| AnZmo Agm_` {~Mm[aHo$ dm Xw:IH$m| ghZ H$aV
ho Eg| ^Vh) AnZmo gm_` Zmht ho Egr ^mdZm H$[aHo$ XwIH$m| ghZ H$ao.
òhr hH$sH$V "ZdaZ'_| ""{MmH$m| CoJ hmo` V~h ^VZHo$ XwIHo$ h[adodmao
h[a Omo-Omo H$a|Jo gmo Egr hr {dZH$s brbm ho Eg| _m{ZHo$ {MVmHy$ erK hr
N>moS>o'' Egr Omo Amkm H$ar ho dmH$mo AZwgYmZ H$[aHo$ Y` hr amIZmo&&9&&
AnZgy Omo XwI {Zdm hmo` gHo$ Egmo hmo` gmoh ghZ hmo` gHo$ Zmht V~
Ohm AnZmo gm_` hr Z hmo` Egmo XwI hmo` VmH$mo ghZ Vmo gwVam hmo` gHo$
hr Zmht, V~ Ae` CnXoe `m| H$`m} ho! Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
Aeò h[aao d mpV gd _ Aml`Vmo ^do V &&
EVV ghZ_ Amo V_ Aml`mo @ Vmo {Z$`Vo &&9&&
Aeò=Ae`_|
h[a=lrH$U, ApV=h|
Ed=hr(`V=OmHo$)
Aml`V=Aml`gy
gd=g~ H$Nw>
^doV=hmo` ho
A=`hm, EVV=ò
ghZ=Y`, CV=H$mo
AV=`mgyA~, Aml`=Aml`H$mo
{Z$`Vo={Z$nU H$a| h|
Q>rH$m : BVZo, AnZo ^moJHo${bò Bp`ZH$mo H$m` H$ao Vm_| godm_| {V~Y hmo`
Vmgy H$m{`H$, dmM{ZH$ Amoa _mZ{gH$ Bp`ZHo$ H$m`ZHy$ N>moS>Zo. BVZo,
mH${VH$ {df`_| Bp`ZH$s d{m ^`r hmo` gmo Nw>S>m`Ho$ Abm{H$H$_| d{m
H$amdZr. Vm_| O~ VmB Abm{H$H$_| d{m ^`r Z hmo` V~ VmB mH${VH$
{df` Nw>S>m`do_| Xw:I hmo` VmH$m| ghZ H$aZmo. Amoa maY^moJHo${bò AWdm
narjmHo${bò ^w {db~ H$aVo hm|` V~ BpN>V dVyZH$s mpV hmo` Zmht.
V~ dmH$mo XwI hmo` gmo g{h g`mo Om` Zmht. `m|? Omo Egmo Y` hmo` Zmht.
^mdmW : O~ AnZr AepV hmo` V~ h[ahr ajH$ h| Eg| Aml` amIo Vmo g~
{g hmo`. `h Y`H$mo d$n H$mo. A~ Aml`H$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|.
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
287
Q>rH$m : BVZo, Omo Ord godm_| dm ^`mo ho VmHy$ {ddoH$-Y`m{XH$ZH$s pW{V_|

epV Z hmo` V~ h[a hr eaU h| Egr ^mdZm H$aZr. `m|? Omo h[a ^VZHo$
gdXwIhVm h| gmo H$nm H$[aHo$ g~ gnmXZ H$a|Jo. Vmgy H$hV h| Omo Aml`gy
g~ {g hmo`. BVZo, Omo Ae` hmo` gmoh h[aHo$ Aml`gy g~ {g hmo`. Amoa
288
Aml` Z hmo` Vmo AnZgy e` hmo` gmoh {g Z hmo`. AWmV {ZgmYZnZogy

eaUmJ{V hmo` V~ ^yZH$s H$nmgy {ddoH$ Ama Y` EH${h g_`_| g~ {g
hmo`. Eg| Y`H$mo d$n {Z$nU H$[aHo$, Aml`gy g~ {g hmo` Eg| H$mo ho
Vmgy, Aml`H$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|.
W_ g_wXm`H$[aH|$ Aml`H$mo d$n H$hV h|:
Eo { hHo $ nmabmo H o $ M gd W m eaU h[a&&
Xw I-hmZm VWm nmno ^ò H$m_mny a Uo &&10&&
^Vmo h o ^`^mdo ^V Mm{V H $ _o H $ Vo &&
Aeò dm gw e ò dm gd W m eaU h[a&&11&&
Eo{hHo$=`m bmoH$_|
M=Amoa, ^V=^Vmam
nmabmoHo$=nabmoH$_|, M=Amoa
A{VH$_o=A{VH$_U
XwIhmZm=XwIH$s hm{Z_|
H$Vo=H$[adon|, dm=AWdm
VWm=Amoa
Aeò=Ae`, dm=AWdm
nmno=nmn_|, ^ò=^`_|
gweò=ghOVmgm| e`_|
^Vmoho=^VHo$moh/An_mZ_| gdWm=g~ H$magm|
^`^mdo=^pVHo$ Z hmo`do_|
h[a=lrH$U, eaU_=eaU h|
^mdmW : `m bmoH$_| Amoa nabmoH$_| g~ WbZ_| h[a eaU h|. XwIH$s hm{Z,
nmnHo$ {ZdmaU_|, ^`_|, H$m_Ho$ AWHo$ nyaU_|, ^V AnZmo mohH$ao AWdm
AnZgy ^VH$mo moh hmo` Om` Vm_|, ^pVHo$ A^md_|, ^V A{VH$_ H$ao
Vm_|, Ae`_| Ama gwe`_| gdWm h[a hr eaU h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, ^pV_mJ_| OmH$mo ArH$ma ^`mo ho Amoa godm_| dm ^`mo ho
VmH$m| godm {gdm` Xygamo H$_ H$aZmo gmo dY_ Zmht ho. Vmgyhr Eo{hH$ VWm
nmabm{H$H$ gmYZ H$ao Zmht. `m|? Omo Vm_| godm_| AVam` hmo`. Vmgy Eo{hH$
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
289
VWm nmabm{H$H$ H$s {g{Ho${bò h[aHo$ eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr, naVw godm
N>mo{S>Ho$ Xygamo gmYZ Zmht H$aZmo. Eg| g_wXm`H$[aH|$ Aml`H$mo d$n H${hHo$
A~ OyXo-OyXo ôXgy Aml`H$mo d$n H$hV h|:
^pV_mJu` Ord godm_| dm ^`mo hmo` VmHy$ Xoh-Bp`m{X g~pY
Am{Y^m{VH$m{XH$ XwI hmo` Vmgy {Mm_| CoJm{XH$ Zmht hmo`doHo${bò eaUH$shr
^mdZm H$aZr. Vog| ^pV_mJ_| dm^òH$s nhobo _mXgy H$Nw> nmn ^`mo hmo`
AWdm godm_| dm ^ò nrN>o Xoh VWm Bp`m{XH$Zgy ^JdXnamYm{X$n nmn
hmo` Om` Vmo VmH$s {Zd{mHo${bò eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr, m`pMVm{XH$
H$aZmo Zmht. `m|? Omo m`pMmm{XH$ H$[adogy eaUY_ OmVmo aho. Eg| amOm
VWm Mmam{XH$Zgy qH$dm nmnm{XH$Zgy ^` hmo` Vm_|h eaUH$s ^mdZm H$aZr.
Vog| BpN>V H$m_Zm hmo` {VZHo$ Omo nXmW hm|` {VZH$s mpV_| eaUH$s ^mdZm
H$aZr. Vog| _mXgy ^VH$mo moh hmo` Om` AWdm ^V AnZmo moh H$ao Vmo
Vm_|h eaUH$s ^mdZm H$aZr. Vog| godm_| dm ^`mo hmo` naVw ^Jdd$n_|
Zoh CnZ Z hmo` VmHo${bò ^V A{VH$_ H$ao AWdm Vogrhr H$moB Y_Ho$
{df`_| ^V A{VH$_ H$ao V~ AnZmo Xmof {dMm[aHo$ eaUH$s ^mdZm H$aZr.
Vog| AnZgy hmo` gHo$ Zmht Ego H$m`_| AWdm AnZgy hmo` gHo$ Eogo H$m`_|h
eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr. AnZo gm_`gy `h H$m` ^`mo ho Egmo A{^_mZ H$ao
Vmo eaUY_ Om`. Vmgy gdm_mH$[aHo$ VXr`nZoH$mo AZwgYmZ amIrHo$ h[aeaUH$shr
^mdZm H$aZr&&10-11&&
Ah>maH $ Vo
M d
nmo `-nmo f U-ajUo &&
nmo `m{VH $ _Uo M d VWm@Vo d m`{VH $ _o &&12&&
Abm { H$H$_Z{gm
gdm W }
eaU
h[a&&
Ed {Mmo gXm ^m` dmMm M n[aH$sV ` o V &&13&&
Ah>maH$Vo=Ah>ma H$[adono
M=Amoa, Ed={ZpMV$ngy
M=Amoa, Ed={ZpMV$ngy
nmo`m{VH$_Uo=nmo`Ho$mam
nmo`nmofUajUo=AnZono {ZâHo$
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
290
nmofU_| hmoVo A{VH$_U_|

VWm=Amoa, AVodm`{VH$_o=
{e`Ho$mam hmoVo A{VH$_U_|
Abm{H$H$_Z{gm=_ZH$s
Abm{H$H$VmH$s {g{Ho${bò
gdmW}=g~ AW_|
h[a=lrH$U
H$aZmo Eg| Vr`mo H$maH$s eaUmJ{V {Z${nV H$ar ho&&12-13&&

eaU=eaUh|, Ed=`m|
gXm={ZaVa
{Mmo={Mm_|
^m`=^mdZ H$aZmo
M=Amoa, dmMm=dm{Ugy
n[aH$sVòV=Am{N> ^m{Vgm| ~mobZmo
^mdmW : Ordd^mdgy H$moBHo$ gm_Zo Ah>ma H$[ado_|, nmofU H$[adoHo$ `mo`ZH$mo

nmofU VWm ajU H$[ado_|, r^{V nmo`ZHo$ mam hmoVo A{VH$__| VWm {e`Ho$
mam hmoVo A{VH$__| Amoa _ZHo$ Abm{H$H$ {g hmo`do_| Eg| gd AW_| h[ahr
eaU h| Egr {Mm_| gXm ^mdZm H$ao Amoa dmUrgy Eg| H$mo H$ao.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, Ordd^mdde H$moBHo$ g AWdm ^VHo$ g Ah>ma hmo`,
VmH$[aHo$ Amgyamdoe hmo`, VmH$mo {ddoH$ nrN>ogy hmo` V~ nMmVmn hmo`, V~
eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr. AWdm ^wH$s A`V H$nm hmo` V~ ^yZHo$ ghr
Ah>ma hmo` V~h VmHo$ XmofH$s {Zd{mHo${bò eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr. Vog|
AnZo nmofU H$[ado`mo` Omo r-nwm{XH$ h| {VZH$mo nmofU VWm ajU H$[ado_|
VWm nmo` Ego r-nwm{XH$ZH$mo A{VH$_ hmo`. AWdm _yb_| "M'H$ma ho Vmgy
~Yy VWm Xmgn`VZH$moh A{VH$_ hmo` Vm_|, VWm {e` AnZmo A{VH$_ H$ao
Vm_| eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr, naVw H$moY Z H$aZmo. Vog| _ZH$s Abm{H$H$VmH$s
{g{Ho${bò eaUH$s ^mdZm H$aZr. `hm "_Z' {b`mo ho gmo g~ Bp`ZH$mo
OVm`dodmamo ho. BVZo, Xoh-Bp`m{XH$ g~ZH$mo mH$V Ae {Zdm hmo`Ho$ Oog|
Abm{H$H$nZmo {g hmo` Amoa gmo {g ^ò nrN>o Abm{H$H$ gH$b nXmWZH$s
gn{mHo${bòh h[ahr eaU h| Egr ^mdZm H$aZr. BVZo, kmZ$n Omo {Mm ho
Vm_| eaUH$s ^mdZm H$aZr Amoa dmUrH$[aHo$ CMma H$aZmo. jU_mh CMma
Z H$ao Vmo dm{h g_` Amgwa^mdH$mo doe hmo`. {MmHy$ kmZ$nnZmo ^`mo Z hmo`
Vmoh dmUrgy ""lrH$U eaU __'' Eg| H$mo hr H$aZmo. _yb_| "M'H$ma ho Vmgy
H$m`mH$[aH|$ godm H$aZr, _ZH$[aH|$ ^mdZm H$aZr Amoa dmUrH$[aH|$ CMma
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
291
Vhm e>m hmo` Ho$ H$moBgy hmo` gHo$ Zmht Ego ~S>o AW_| Vmo h[aH$s
eaUmJVrH$s ^mdZm H$aZr naVw AnZgy hmo` gHo$ Ego AW_| ^JdmZHo$ Cna
^ma `m| XoZmo M{hò? gmYmaU AW(H$m`H$s {g{Ho${bò)_| Vmo XodmVaH$mo
ÔZ H$ao Vmo H$hm AS>MZ ho? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
A``
ÔZ
V
dVmo J _Z_o d
M&&
mW Z m H$m` _ mo @ {n VVmo @ ` {ddO ` o V &&14&&
A``=Amoa H$mhH$s
ÔZ=godm, V=dhm
dV=d` MbmHo$
Ed=hr, J_Z=OmZmo
M=Amoa, H$m`_mo=H$m`_m_|
A{n=h, VV=dmgy
A`=Amoa H$h, mWZm=mWZm
{ddOòV={deof$ngy `mJZo
^mdmW : A`XodH$mo ÔZ VWm A`XodHo$ gpZYmZ Amnw Mbm`Ho$ OmZmo,

Amoa mWZmHo$ H$m`_m_| AnZo dm_r h[a {gdm`
XodVmVaH$s nmg g~ N>moS>Zmo.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, A`XodH$mo ÔZ VWm ÔZHo${bò J_Zh Zmht H$aZmo. _yb_|
"M'H$ma ho Vmgy Xygamo oaUm H$ao Vmoh A`XodHo$ gpZYmZ Om` Zmht. `m|?
Omo XodmVaÔZ Amoa XodmVaH$s nmg J_Z N>moS>o Zmht Vmo eaUnXmW (Aml`)
OmVmo aho. òhr "`mgmXoe'_| {b`mo ho Omo ^yZg y A`H$mo ÔZ Amoa {dZH$snmggy
Anojmh N>moS>Zr.
Vhm Egr e>m hmo` Omo ^wH$snmg mWZm H$aZr ò Vmo `mo` Zmht h|, Vmgy
H$Nw>H$ nXmWH$s Anojm hmo` V~ Xygao XodH$s nmg mWZm_m H$ao, ÔZJ_Zm{XH$ H$ao Zmht Vmo H$hm AS>MZ? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h| Omo Xygao
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
292
XodH$mo ÔZ Amoa {dZHo$ nmg J_Zm{XH$ Oog| N>mS>o Vog| dn VWm ~S>o H$m`_|h
Xwgao XodH$snmg mWZm N>moS>o. _yb_| "{ddOòV' Eg| {b`mo ho VmH$mo A{^m`
Egmo ho Omo gdWm mWZm Z H$ao. _yb_| ~hdMZ ho Vmgy H$mh H$maH$s mWZm
Z H$aZr Egmo A{^m` OVm`mo ho.
`hm Egr e>m hmo` Omo na_ o_, AmgpV Amoa `gZ n`V mV ^ò
Ego dOdmgrZZoh XmdmZbH$s {Zd{mHo${bò jwYmH$s {Zd{mHo${bò Amoa d{>H$s
{Zd{mHo${bò h mWZm H$ar ho. Vog| {H$VZoH$ _wpV ^VrZH$sh mWZm H$aV
h|. Vmo `hm mWZmH$mo {ZfoY `m| H$`m} ho? Egr e>mH$mo g_mYmZ `h ho Omo
dOdmgrZZo XmdmZbHo$ g_| Xmo` {~[a`m mWZm H$ar ho. Vm_| W_H$s
mWZm_| H$mo ho Omo ""h_ AmnHo$ MaUHy$ N>mo{S>do_| g_W Zmht h|'' BVZo,
XmdmZb gmo Om` ho naVw AmnHo$ MaUH$mo {d`moJ gmo Zmht Om` ho. Amoa
Xygar {~[a`m mWZm H$ar ho VmH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo ^yZHo$ g H$sS>m_|
gm`~w{ ^`r gmo AnamY ^`mo ho. naVw Amn {gdm` h_Hy$ VWm h_ {dZm
AmnHy$ H$sS>m Z hmo`Jr Amoa h_mamo OrdZh Amn {dZm Z ahoJmo. Vmgy XmdmZbH$mo
^` h_Hy$ Zmht ho, naVw AmnHo$ d$nH$mo AVam` h_gy Zmht gmo Om` ho
Ego A{^m`gyhr mWZm H$ar ho. Vmgyhr ""h_mar ajm H$amo'' Ego Zmht H${hHo$
""ajm H$[ado `mo` hmo'' Ego H$mo ho gmo `gZ^mdgy H$mo ho, AnZo gwIH$s
A{^bmemgy H$mo Zmht ho. Vog| lrJmoHw$b Vmo \$bd$n ho. gmo ^JdmZZo AnZr
brbmHo${bò \$bmon`moJr gd agm_H$ H$Q> {H$`mo ho. Vmgy dhmH$s brbm
~m{ha bmoH$mZwgm[aUr ho. Amoa {^Va Vmo ~hmoV `moOZ`wV Abm{H$H$ brbm ho.
Vmgy ^JdmZHy$ O~-O~ Om H$maH$s brbm H$[adoH$s BN>m hmo` ho V~-V~
Vogmo H$m` gnmXZ H$aV h|. Oog| `knpZHo$ Cna AZwJh H$[adoH$s BN>m ^`r
V~ JmonZH$m| ghgm jwYm CnZ H$ar. Vog|hr lrJmoHw$b_| g~ZHo$ {ZamoYHo${bò
hr ^JdmZ g~ H$aV h| Vmgy dm_| nydnj H$[adoH$mo AdH$me Zmht ho&&14&&
g~ XodZH$mo VWm Y_ZH$mo `mJ H$[aHo$ ^JdmZH$s eaUmJ{V H$[adoH$mo
Cna H$mo, naVw Ego H$[ado_|h AnZmo BpN>V hmo`Jmo gmo ^JdmZ XoBJ| qH$dm
Zmht XoBJ| Ego H$moZ OmZV ho? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
293
A{ddmgmo Z H$V ` gd W m ~mYH$Vw g&&

~ m-MmVH$m ^m`m mV go d o V {Z_ _ &&15&&
A{ddmg=A{ddmg
Vw=Vmo, Z=Zmht
H$V`=H$[ado`mo` ho
g=dmo, gdWm=g~ Vahgy
mV=mV ^òH$mo
~mYH$=~mYH$(^d{V=hmo` ho)
~m-MmVH$m=~mAmoaMmVH$H$s
^m`m=^mdZm H$aZr
{Z__=__Vma{hV
godoV=^moJ H$ao
^mdmW : A{ddmg Zmht H$aZmo. `m|? Omo gmo gdWm ~mYH$ ho. Vmgy
A{ddmg_| ~mH$s Amoa {ddmg_| MmVH$H$s ^mdZm amIZr. Amoa Omo mV
hmo` Vm_| __Vm a{hV hmo`Ho$ ^wgodm H$ao.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, eaUmJV ^òn| A{ddmg Zmht H$aZmo. `m|? Omo {OVZo Xygao
~mYH$ h| {dZ g~ZH$s Anojmgy A{ddmg A{YH$ ~mYH$ ho. A{ddmg H$[aHo$
Xygao Y_H$mo g~Y hmo` Vmo eaUY_ Z> hmo`, Vmgy A{ddmg_| ~mH$s
^mdZm H$aZr. BVZo, hZy_mZOr lrOmZH$sOrH$s gwYr bodoHy$ b>m {V Jò hVo
V~ {Jao ^ò \$bm{XH$ZH$mo ^jU H$[adoH$s lrOmZH$sOrZo Amkm H$ar V~
CndZHo$ djH$mo ZrMo nQ>Ho$ V~ Omo \$b ZrMo {Jao VmH$mo ^jU H$ao. Ego H$aVH$aV g~ djZH$mo Zme hZy_mZOrZo {H$`mo. gmo gw{ZHo$ amdUZo AnZo nw
BOrVHy$ nR>m`mo. gmo Am`Ho$ AZoH$ e-A hZy_mZOrHo$ Cna N>moS>do
bm`mo. \o$[a ~m Zm`mo. naVw dmHo$ Cna {ddmg Zmht am{IH|$ ZmJnmem{XH$
S>mao. ~mH$s Cna {ddmg am{IHo$ `{X Xygamo A Zmht S>maVmo Vmo ~m
AnZmo H$m` H$aVmo naVw ~mH$s Cna A{ddmg H$[aHo$ Xygao A S>mao Vmgy
~m {Z\$b ^`mo. Vog|hr eaUJ_Z_|h A{ddmg amIo Vmo eaUY_ Z aho.
Vmgy A{ddmg Zmht H$aZmo. Amoa {ddmg_| MmVH$njrH$s ^mdZm H$aZr. BVZo,
dm{VObHo$ {ddmgno MmVH$njr ahV ho Vmgy _oK dfV ho Amoa MmVH$njr
ObH$mo nmZ H$aV ho. Vog| eaUmJ{V_| {ddmg H$ao Vmo ^JdmZ g~ {g H$a|Jo
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
294
Ego {ddmg H$[aHo$ eaU_| pW{V amIo. Vm_| `Z {dZm ^Jd{XN>mgy Omo
mV hmo` Vm_| __Vm a{hV hmo`Ho$ ^wgodm H$ao naVw {deofmpVHo${bò `Z
H$ao Zmht. Omo mV hmo` gmo g~ ^yZ_| {d{Z`wV H$ao, dmW{> amIo
Zmht&&15&&
Xygao Y_H$mo g~Y hmo` Vmo eaUnXmW M`mo Om`, Ego H$mo, V~
Amd`H$ bm{H$H$ Amoa d{XH$ H$_ZH$moh `mJ hmo`, V~ Vmo `h(nw{>^pV)
_mJ A_mU ho Egr e>m hmo` gmo Z hmo`doHo${bò bm{H$H$-d{XH$ H$_
H$[adoH$mo H$ma H$hV h|:
`WmH$WpMV H$m`m { U Hw $ `m X CMmdMm`{n&&
qH$ dm mo Vo Z ~h Z m eaU ^mdò X h[a_ &&16&&
CMmdMm{Z=lo> Amoa Alo>
H$m`m{U=H$m`, A{n=h
`WmH$WpMV=Oog| ~{Z Amdo Vog|
Hw$`mV=H$ao, dm=A
~hZm=~hmoV
moVoZ=H${hdogy
{H$_=H$hm, h[a=lrH$UH$mo
eaU=eaU, ^mdòV={~Mmao
^mdmW : C-CdM H$m`h Oog|(~{Z Amdo) Vog| H$aZo. {deof H${hdogy H$hm
\$b {g hmo`? h[ahr eaU h| Egr ^mdZmH$aZr.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, bmoJZHw$ `h _mJ A_mU ho Egr e>m Z hmo` dmHo${bò
A{VAmd`H$ bm{H$H$-d{XH$ H$m` H$ao. AWmV _mJH$s _mUVmHo${bò,
^wH$s Amkm Om{ZHo$ bm{H$H$-d{XH$ H$_ H$aZo, dY_nZogy Zmht H$aZo. Oog|
JrVmOr_| AOwZZo AV_| H$mo Omo ""Oogmo dMZ ho Vm_mU H$$Jmo'' Eg|
H${hHo$ ^JdmZH$s Amkm _m{ZHo$ `w {H$`mo ho, Eg| H$ao Vmo eaU nXmW Om`
Zmht. òhr "nw{>dmh_`mXm'_| H$mo ho Omo ""bm{H$H$ VWm d{XH$ nZmo nw>^VZ_|
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
295
H$nQ>nZogy ho, dY_~w{gy Zmht ho''. Oog| JrVmOr_| H$mo ho Omo ""bm{H$H$_|
AmgV AkmZr _Zw` Om H$ma H$_ H$ao ho Vog| kmZrh bmoH$ZH$m| {gIm`doH$o {bò
H$_ H$ao''. AWdm, eaUY_ {g am{IdoHo${bò H$_ H$aZo Zmht Vmoh Xmof Zmht
ho. `m|? Omo gdY_$n eaUY_ ho. {deof H${hdogy H$hm {g hmo` ho? gd
eaUH$s hr ^mdZm amIZr. bmoH$gJhHo${bòh H$_ H$aZmo Zmht. `m|? Omo
bmoH$gJhHo${bòh {d{Y$nnZogy `{X H$_ H$ao Vmo eaUnXmW Z aho. BVZo,
^yZH $s Amkm _m{ZHo$ H$_ H$aZmo, {d{Y$n Om{ZHo$ H$aZmo Zmht. Eg| gdm_mH$[aH|$
gdY_ZH$mo `mJ H$ao V~ nmnH$s g^mdZm hmo`. Vhm H$hV h| Omo h[aH$s
eaU^mdZm H$ao. BVZo, gdXwI VWm nmnZH$mo haU H$[adodmao "h[a' h| gmo
nmnm{XH$ZHw$ Xya H$a|Jo. òhr AOwZHo$ {V lrH$UZo JrVmOr_| ""gdY_mZ
n[a``'' `m bmoH$_| H$mo ho Omo g~ nmnZgy _| VmoHw$ Nw>S>mCJmo&&16&&
Eg| Aml`Ho$ d$nH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ Cnghma H$aV h|:
Ed_ AmlÙ mo V gd} f m gd X m {hV_ &&
H$bm ^`m{X_mJm h r Xw gm`m B{V _o _{V&&17&&
Ed=`m H$magy
gd}fm=g~ZHw$
gdXm=h_|em
{hV={hVH$mar
AmlÙ=Aml`Hw$
moV_=Am{N> ^m{Vgm| H$mo
{h={ZpMV$ngm|
H$bm=H${bH$mb_|
^`m{X_mJm=^pV Am{X _mJ
Xwgm`m:=H$>gm|{ghm|` Egoh|
B{V=Egr, _o=_oar
_{V=_{V(ApV= ho)
^mdmW : Eg| g~ OrdZH$w gdXm {hV$n Aml` H$mo ho. H${b`wJ_| ^pV^{m
_mJ Xwgm` h| Egr _oar _{V ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, g~ OrdZHw$ g~ dU VWm Aml_Z _| eaU gdXm {hVH$mar ho
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
296
VWm gmYZ {dZmh Eo{hH$ VWm nmabm{H$H$ gn{mH$mo gmYH$ ho. g~ `wJZ_|
gmYZH$[aH|$hr \$b hmo` ho Amoa `hm g~ gmYZHw$ N>mo{S>Ho$ Ho$db eaUH$mo hr
CnXoe `m| H$aV h|? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h| Omo A` `wJZ_| Y_H$mo hr
mYm` hVmo Vmgy _`mXm^pV ^{VZHw$ gmYZH$[aH|$ hr gm`nZmo hVmo. Vmgy
gmYZ H$[aHo$hr {d{hV^pV, CnmgZm Amoa H$_m{XH$Z H$mo \$b hmoVmo hVmo. Amoa
H${b`wJ Vmo nmnYmZ ho Vmgy gmYZZHo$ A^mdgy {d{hV ^pV^{V _mJh
hmo` gHo$ Eg| Zmht ho, BVZmo hr Zmht naVw gmYZ-gn{m {~Zm `pH$pMV
H$[ado_|h nmfS>H$mo doe hmo`dogy nmnh hmo` ho Vmgy gdWm Xwgm` ho.
g``wJm{XH$Z_|h gmYZH$[aH|$ Omo _mJ gm` hVo gmoh H${b`wJ_| gmYZHo$
A^mdgy Xwgm` ^ò V~ g``wJm{XH$Z_|h Omo ^pV_mJ gmYZH$[aHo$ gm`
Zmht hVmo, Ho$db ^JdmZHo$ AZwJhH$[aHo$hr gm` hVmo, gmo H${b`wJ_| Vmo gwVam
Xwgm` hmo` Vm_| H$hm H$hZmo? Vmgy gdm_mH$[aH|$ eaUmJ{V H$[ado_| Ego
^pV_mJ_|h ^JdmZ AZwJh H$a|Jo. Vmgy gdm_mH$[aH|$ eaUH$shr ^mdZm
H$aZr, Xygamo H$Nw> Zmht H$aZmo Egmo AnZmo {gmV OVm`doHo${bò ""Egr _oar
_{V ho'' Egmo H$mo ho. lrAmMm`MaUZZo ""_oar _{V ho'' Egmo H$mo ho Vmgy
d_mJu` ^VZHw$ Vmo eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr, Xygamo H$Nw> Zmht H$aZmo, Egmo
A{^m` ho.
&&B{V lr_Xdb^mMm` {da{MV "{ddoH$Y`ml`'H$s
Jmodm_r lrZqghbmbOr _hmamO {da{MV
dO^mfm_| g{jV Q>rH$m g_mV ^B&&
&& H$Uml`&&
(14)
lrH$UHo$ Aml`Hw$ gd {g H$[adonZmo ho Vmgy AnZo ^VZHw$ daXmZ
XodoH$sgr ZmB lrAmMm`MaU lrH$Uml` VmoH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|. Vm_| A~
H${bH$mbHo$ ^mdgy Xoe H$mb ` H$Vm _ Amoa H$_ ò fQ>gmYZ nw$fmW
{g H$[adodmao Zmht h| Eg| ~VmVo ^ò, ^VZHw$ ^JdmZhr gdgmYZ$n h|,
Xoem{XH$ fQ>gmYZ VWm Mma H$maHo$ nw$fmW $nh ^JdmZhr h|, Xe{dY
brbmH$[aHo$ {Z$`h ^JdmZ hr h|, gd-aOg-V_moJwUZHo$ ôXgy Zd VWm
Xe_ {ZJwU Eg| Xe{dY ^VZ H$[aHo$ go` ^JdmZ h|, Amoa earaHw$ g~ {g{
H$[adodmao Oog| Xe mU h| Vog| ^VHw$ g~ {g H$[adodmamo `h Vmo ho Eg|
Cna {bIo g~ H$maU OVm`doHo${bò Xe bmoH$Zgm| {Z$nU H$aV h|. Vm_|
W_ _w` A H$mb ho. Vmgy H$mbY_H$mo {ZamH$aU H$[aHo$ Aml`H$s mWZm
H$aV h|:
gd _ mJ} f w
Z>o f w
nmfS>Mw a o bmo H o $
IbY{_{U=nmIS> Y_dmao
H$bm=H${bH$mb_|
gd_mJ}fw =g^r _mJ
Z>ofw=Z> hmoÒmdogy
M=Amoa
bmoHo$=bmoH$_|
H$bm
M
IbY{_ { U&
H $ UEd J{Va __&&1&&
nmfS>Mwao=nmIS>H$s
A{YH$Vm hmoÒmdogy
__=_oamo
H$U=H$U
Ed=hr
J{V=Aml`(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : Ib Y_dmao H${b`wJ_| gd _mJ Z> hmo` Jò h| Amoa bmoH$ ~hmoV
nmfS>dmamo hmo` J`mo ho Vm_| lrH$Uhr _oar J{V hm|.
{ddoH$Y`ml`:
297
Q>rH$m : BVZo Cnagy AN>mo Xo{Ido_| Amdo Amoa ^rVagy Xw> hmo` gmo "Ib' H$mo
H$Uml`
298
Om`. Egmo Y_ H${b`wJ_| ho. Vm_| lrH$Uhr _oao J{V$n hm|`. `h H${hdoH$mo
A{^m` Egmo ho Omo gmmdmMH$ "H$f' eX ho Amoa AmZXdmMH$ "U'eX ho.
Xmo`H$s EH$Vmgy "gXmZX' eX ~Zo ho. gmo gXmZX lrH$U Eo{hH$ VWm
nmabm{H$H$ AWHo$ {g H$[adodmao _moHw$ hm|`.
IbY_H$mo d$n H$hV h|: Omo bmoH$_| nmfS> A`{YH$ ^`mo ho Vmgy{h
H$_-kmZm{XH$ _mJ (Omgy nwfmWHo$ Cnm` ImoOo Om`| dmHw$ "_mJ' H$mo Om`
ho) Z>m`: ^ò h|. `km{XH$Zgy dJH$s mpV hmo`doH$mo doX_| {b`mo ho. Vm_|
"dJ' nX Am_gwIH$mo dmMH$ ho gmo Zmht Om{ZHo$ bmoH$H$mo dmMH$ ho Egmo ^_
nmfS>r bmoJ CnZ H$aV h|. (Egr {_`m H$m_Zmgy H$`} H$_gy) {MmH$s ew{
Zmht hmo`dogy H$__mJ Z> ^`mo ho.
_m`mdmX Am{X dmXZH$o A{^{Zdoegy kmZ_mJ Amoa {ZardadmXHo$ ArH$magy
`moJ_mJ Z> ^ò h|. {d^y{VnaH$ hmo` Omdogy CnmgZm_mJ Z> ^`mo ho. _yb_|
"M'H$ma ho Vmgy H${bH$mbHw$ _hmXodm{XH$ AZwJwU (ghm`H$) ^ò h|. Vmgy
lrH$U {h J{V hm|. _yb_| "Ed'H$ma ho gmo A`Ho$ `moJH$mo `dN>oXH$ ho. Vmgy
Ae-H$bm{XH$ J{V$n _{V hm| Egmo A{^m` ho&&1&&
nw`Xoe_| pW{V_mgy{h nw$fmWH$s {g{ hmo` ho V~ XygaoH$mo {ZfoY
H$[aHo$ Aml`H$shr mWZm `m| H$aV hmo? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
bo N>mH $ mVo f w Xo e o f w nmn H $-{Zbò f w M&&
gnr S >m-`J - bmo H o $ fw H $ UEd J{Va __&&2&&
Xoeofw=Xoe/WmZ
nmnH${Zbòfw=EH$_mnmnHo$Ka$n
~Z Om`dogy, M=Amoa
boN>mH$mVofw=boN>ZHo$ mam
gnrS>m`JbmoHo$fw=gnwfZHw$
nr{S>V Xo{IHo$ bmoJZHo$ AYra
hmoÒmdogy, __=_oamo
H$U=H$U, Ed=hr
H$Uml`
299
nam^yV hmo` Omdogy
J{V=Aml`(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : g~ Xoe boN>ZH$[aHo$ AmH$mV hmo` Jò h|. Amoa {dZ_| nmnrZH$mohr
{Zdmg hmo J`mo ho. Amoa gnw$fZHw$ nrS>m hmo`dogy g~ bmoJ `J hmo` Jò h|.
Ego g_`_| lrH$Uhr _oar J{V hm|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo g~ XoeZ_| boN>m{XH$ hrZ OmVrZH$s gmm hmo JB ho. Amoa do
boN>h Y__| d{Vdodmao Zmht ho {H$Vw nmn_|hr {dZH$mo _w` WmZH$ ho.
AWdm A-~-H${b Am{X Xoe Ego h| Omo {dZ_| J_Z_mgyhr nwZ gH$ma
H$aZmo nS>o ho. Ego XoeZ_| boN>m{XH$Z| AmH$_U {H$`mo ho Vmgy VrW`mm{XH$Ho$
gV| Om`do_|h nmn bJo ho. Amoa gnw$fZHw$ nrS>m hmo` ho VmH$[aHo$ g~ bmoJh
`J hmo` aho h|. `m| Omo dY_m{XH$H$mo AmMaU H$[adodmaoZHw$ nrS>m hmoVr
Xo{IHo$ AmoaZHw$ Y__mJ_| lm{XH$ Zmht aho ho. Ego g_`_| lrH$Uhr _oar J{V
hm|&&2&&
Jm{XH$ VrWZgm| h gd nw$fmWH$s {g{ hmo` ho V~ Ho$db Aml`
H$[adoH$mo H$hm `moOZ ho? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm (VrWm{X$n)`H$s Agm`Vm
H$hV h|:
Jm{X-VrW - d`} f w
{Vamo { hVm{YX d o f w H $ UEd
Bh=`hm, Jm{XVrW-d`}fw=
JmOr Am{X _w` VrW
Xw>=Xw> bmoJZgy
Ed=hr, AmdVofw={KaOm`dogy
Xw > a o d md V o p dh&
J{Va __&&3&&
{Vamo{hVm{YXdofw=A{YXodVm
{Vamo{hV hmoÒmdogy, __=_oamo
H$U=lrH$U, Ed=hr
J{V=Aml`(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : Jm{XH$ Cm_ VrWh Xw>Zgm| Amdm hmo` Jò h|. Vmgy {dZH$mo
H$Uml`
300
Am{YX{dH$ d$n {Vamo{hV ^`mo ho. Ego g_`_| lrH$Uhr _oar J{V hmo.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, VrW_| lo> Omo Jm{XH$ h| gmo Xw>Zgm| Amdm ^ò h|. Vmgy
VrWZgy nw$fmWH$s {g{ hmo` Ego Zmht ho.
~mUm{XH$h VrWZ_| aho h| V~ VrW Xw>ZH$[aHo$hr Amdm ^ò h| Eg| `m|
H$hmo hmo? Egr e>m hmo` Vmo VmH$mo g_mYmZ Egmo ho Omo {dZ (~mUm{XH$Z)Hw$
A{V n[aM` hmo`dogy VrWZ_| AmXa Zmht aho ho. Vmgy dm_| ^pV Zmht hmo` ho.
Amoa dhm XmZm{XH$ bodoHo${bòhr {dZH$s pW{V ho. Vmgm| {dZH$moh Xw>nZmo ho.
`m| Omo ""lma{hV, nmnm_m, ZmpVH$, {OZHw$ ge` {Zdm Zmht ^`mo ho Amoa
dm_| VrWnZoH$mo H$maU emo{Ydodmamo hmo` {dZHw$ VrWH$mo \$b Zmht {_bo ho'' Eg|
dm`wnwamU_| H$mo ho. lma{hV ZmpVH$ hm|` do `{X VrW_| h ahVo hm|` Vmoh
{dZH$mo Xw>nZmo Zmht {_Q>o ho. Vhm e>m hmo` Omo VrW_| Vmo g~ XmofZHw$ {Zdm
H$[adoH$s epV hmo` ho Vmgy Oog| ApZ Omo dmHo$ ggJ_| Amdo dm g~H$mo Xmh
H$ao ho Vog| VrWH$s epVgyhr Xw>nZmo `m| Zmht {_Q>o ho? Vhm H$hV h| Omo
XodVm$n VrWH$mo Am{YX{dH$d$n {Vamo{hV hmo` J`mo ho gmo gnw$fZHo$
{Vhr H$Q> hmo` ho, Xw>nw$fZHo$ {V VrWH$mo Am{YX{dH$ d$n {Vamo{hV hr
ahV ho. Vmgy lrH$Uhr _oar J{V hm|.
Y_ H$[adodmao H$Vm `{X g_rMrZ (AmN>o) hm|` Vmo gd \$bH$s {g{
hmoV ho V~ Aml` H$[aHo$ H$hm H$V` ho? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$VmH$mo
AgmYH$nZmo ~Vm`Ho$ Aml`H$s mWZm H$aV h|:
Ah>ma-{d_y T >o f w
bm^-ny O mW - `Zo f w
ggw=gVnwf|
Ah>ma-{d_yT>ofw=Ah>magy
{deofH$aHo$ _yT> hmoÒmdogy
ggw
H $ UEd
nmnmZw d {V f w &
J{Va __&&4&&
nmnmZwd{Vfw=nmnH$mo AZwgaU
H$[adodmaohmoÒmdogy, __=_oamo
H$Uml`
301
bm^nyOmW`Zofw=bmÂmoag_mZHo$
AW `Z H$adodmao hmo` Omdogy
H$U=lrH$U, Ed=hr
J{V=Aml`(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : npS>V bmoJ Ah>magm| {deof _yT> ^ò h|, nmnr nw$fZH$m| AZwgardodmao
^ò h| Amoa bm^nyOmHo$ AWhr {dZH$mo `Z ho. Vm_| lrH$Uhr _oar J{V hm|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo npS>V bmoJ ""h_ em OmZ| h|'' Ego A{^_mZgy XygaoHw$ nyN>Vh
Zmht h|. Amoa _`mdmXm{XH$ZHo$ A{^{Zdoegy {deofH$[aHo$ _yT> ^ò h|. Vog| hr
d`Hw$ bm^ hmo` AWdm AnZr {V>m ~T>o Vmo AnZmo gH$ma hmo` Ego
dmWHo${bòhr `Z H$aV h|; AWmV nma_m{WH$ H$_h bm^-nyOmWhr H$aV h|.
Amoa nmnrnw$f AWdm nmnHw$hr AZwgardodmao ^ò h|. Vmgy lrH$Uhr _oar
J{Vhm|&&4&&
_gy \$b{g{ hmo` ho Ego _em_| {b`mo ho. V~, Aml` H$[aHo$
H$hm H$V` ho? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm _ZH$mo AgmYH$nZmo H${hHo$ Aml`H$s
mWZm H$aV h|:
An[a-kmZ-Z>o f w
{Vamo { hVmW - Xo d o f w
H $ UEd
_o dd V -`mo { Jfw &

J{Va __&&5&&
_ofw =_
{Vamo{hVmWXodofw=AW Amoa-XodVm
An[akmZZ>ofw=AnyU kmZHo$
{Vamo{hV hmoÒmdogy,__=_oamo
H$maU Z> hmoÒmdogy
H$U=lrH$U,Ed=hr
AdV`mo{Jfw=dV{Z`_ZhtAZwg[adogy J{V=Aml`(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : _H$mo n[akmZ Zmht hmo`dogy, dVm{XH$ZH$mo `moJ Zmht hmo`dogy Amoa
AW VWm XodVm {Vamo{hV hmo`dogy _ Z>m`: ^ò h|. Ego g_`_| lrH$Uhr
_oar J{V hm|.
H$Uml`
302
Q>rH$m : BVZo, d{XH$ VWm VmoV _H$mo Vmn`, \$b AmoaXodVmHo$ d$nH$mo
kmZ Zmht hmo`dogy _ Z>m`: hmo` Jò h|. JwHw$b_| dmg H$ao, ~M`m{XH$
dV amIo, eyH$s gpZ{Y_| A``Z Z H$ao B`m{XH$ {Z`_Zgy d{XH$_Hw$ nT>o
V~ _ \$bgmYH$ hmo`. gmo {Z`_ A~ aho Zmht h| Vmgy \$bgmYH$ Zmht h|.
Amoa VmoV _Ho$ Vmn`H$mo kmZ Zht hmo`dogy {dZHo$ AW VWm XodVm H$mo
{Vamo^md hmo` J`mo ho. Vmgy _ \$bgmYH$ Zht aho h|. Amoa ^JdXml`_| Vmo
""`` _`m M Zm_mo`m Vnmo`k{H$`m{Xfw, gd gnyUVm `m{V gmo dXo
V_`wV_'' B`m{X dm`ZH$[aHo$ `yZ hmo` gmoh g~ nyU hmo` ho. Vmgy
lrH$Uhr _oar J{V hm|&&5&&
_r_mgm{XH$ ({dMma)emgm| _ZHo$ Vmn`H$mo {ZYma hmo` gHo$ ho Vmgy
H$_Zgm|hr \$bH$s {g{ hmo`Jr, Aml`H$[aHo$ H$hm H$aZmo ho? Egr e>m
H$[aHo$ H$_h \$bgmYH$ Zmht aho h| Egmo ~Vm`Ho$ Aml`H$s mWZm H$aV h|:
ZmZm-dmX-{dZ>o f w
nmfS> H $-`Zo f w
gd - H$_ - d V m{Xfw &

H $ UEd
J{V_ _ &&6&&
gdH$_dVm{Xfw=H$_, dV Am{X g^r

ZmZmdmX{dZ>ofw={d{dY H$maHo$ dmXZgm| Z> hmoÒm`dogy
nmfS>H$`Zofw=Ho$db nmfS>Ho$ AW hr `Zerb hmoÒm`dogy
__=_amo, H$U=lrH$U Ed=hr, J{V=Aml`(ApV=ho)
AWmV H$moB H$ho ho Ho$ H$_ Eg| H$amo Vmo Xygamo Xygar ar{Vgy ~Vmdo ho. Vog| hr
dVm{XH$Z_|h EH$Zo dV ~Vm`mo Vmo Xygamo dmH$s B`m H$[aHo$ Xygar ar{Vgy ~Vmdo
ho. \o$[a nana dmX H$ao h|. Vm_| H$moZ g` ~Vmdo ho Amoa H$moZ Ag` ~Vmdo
ho gmo Ak bmoJ OmZ Zmht gHo$ h|. Vmgy g~ H$_ VWm dVm{XH$ Z> hmo` Jò
h|.
_m`mdmXr H$ho h| Omo gJamo nM {_`m ho. AnZo AkmZgy H$pnV ho.
nM_| aho ^ò hmo`dogy doXh `dhma_m_| _mU h|-Eg| _m`mdmXrZH$mo dmX
ho.
~mXrH$ZHw$h `kgm|hr ~S>nZ mV ^`mo ho. nydH$s dmgZmgy Cmamoma
d{m hmoVrOm` ho Vmgm| H$_hr H$V` ho. \$bh H$_gy hr {_bo ho. \$bH$mo
Xododmamo CnmgZm H$[ado`mo` MoVZ$n H$moC XodVm Zmht ho, {H$Vw __`hr
XodVm ho Eg| _r_mgH$ZH$mo dmX ho.
fmoS>e nXmWZHo$ kmZ ^ò nrN>| ldU, _ZZ VWm {Z{X`mgZ H$[aHo$
AnZo Am_mH$mo gmjmH$ma ^ò XwI Zht hmo` ho, òhr \$b ho Eg| Z`m{`H$ZH$mo
dmX ho.
Amoa H${V VWm dmHo$ {dH$ma H$mo b` hmo` V~ nw$f-MV`H$mo AnZo
d$ngm| ahZmo òhr \$b ho, H$moC Xod go` Zmht ho Egmo gm`ZH$mo dmX ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo gmo_`mJm{XH$ H$_ Amoa dVm{XH$Z _| {^Z-{^Z dmX ^ò h|.
Ego H$maHo$ {^Z-{^Z dmXZgm| H$_ VWm dV Z> hmo` Jò h|.
dVwVmgy Vmo g~ OJV Omo XrIdo_| Amdo ho gmo ^Jdynhr ho. ^JdmZ g~ZHw$
AnZo de_| amIV h|. ^JdmZgyhr g~ZH$s Cn{m, pW{V Amoa b` hmoV ho.
Vmgy ^JdmZhr go` h|. ""Xod Agwa _Zw` `j Amoa JYd Omo H$moC ^JdmZHo$
MaUH$mo ÔZ H$aV h| gmo H$`mUH$mo mV hmoVo h|'' Egmo lr^mJdVOrH$mo
dm` ho. Vmgy ^JdmZhr go` h|. nM g~ ^Jdyn ho, ^JdmZH$mo gm`w`m{XH$
hmo` gmohr \$b ho B`m{XH$ em{Vnm{XV AWgy Cna H$ho g~ dmX {d$
H$Uml`
H$Uml`
^mdmW : gd H$_ Amoa dVm{XH$ {^Z-{^Z H$maHo$ dmXgm| {dZ> ^ò h|.
Amoa m`: dmXZH$mo nmfS>Ho${bòhr _w` `Z ho Ego g_`_| lrH$Uhr _oar
J{V hm|.
303
304
h|. VWm{n AnZo-AnZo _VHo$ AmJhgy em{dnarV H$_ Amoa Xe`m{XH$Ho$

doYdmar EH$mXer ^{VH$mo dV H$ao h| Vmgy H$_ Amoa dV Z> hmo` Jò h|.
Vhm e>m hmo` Omo Egmo H$[adodmao Amn H$a| h| Amoa XygaoZHw$h ~moY H$aV
h|. gmo do bmoJ `{X dm_| {_`mnZmo, {Z\$bnZmo VWm em{d$nZmo OmZVo hm|`
Vmo Amn `m| H$aVo hmo`|Jo? VWm AmoaZHw$ ~moY Ho$g| H$aVo hmo`|Jo? `m| Omo do
_Vh e>amMm`, O{_{Z, Jmm_ Am{XH$ npS>VZZ| hr dm {H$ò h| Egr e>m
hmo` Vhm H$hV h| Omo nmIS>Ho$ {Z{_mhr {dZH$mo _w` `Z ho. gmo nnwamU
VWm dmamhnwamU _| H$mo ho Omo lr^JdmZZ| _hmXodOrHw$ _mohem H$[adoH$s
Amkm H$ar ho.
Eg| hr ^JdmZZ| _hmXodOrH$s AmamYZm H$[aH|$, Amn {dZH$s nmggy da
_m{JHo$ OJV_| _hmXodOr H$s AmamYZmH$s _hmmH$s d{ {H$ò h|. gmo Xo{IHo$
bmoH$ ^{_V hmo` Om` h|, naVw Ego Zmht OmZo h| Omo H$moC _mJ Xodm{XH$ZZo dm
{H$`mo hmo`dogy g_mJ Zmht hmoV ho {H$Vw doXm{XH$Zgy {d$ Z hmo` Amoa
doXmZwgmar hmo` Vmo hr g_mJ H$hdmdo ho. ò A{^m`Hw$ gmYmaU bmoJ Zmht
OmZV h| Amoa Xodm{XH$ZH$s d{mgy Amnhr _mo{hV hmo`Ho$ dm hmo` h|. `{X
Xodm{XH$Zgy d{VV hmo`dogy hr H$moB _mJ g_mJ hmoVmo hmo` V~ Vmo ~hn{Vmam
d{VV H$mb_mJ VWm ~wmdVmamam d{VV ~m_V h g_mJ H$hdmdoJmo!
n[a do _mJ Vmo g_mJ Zmht H$hdmdo h| Egr g~ZH$s g_O ho. gmo Ego g_`_|
lrH$Uhr _oar J{V hmo&&6&&
""Y_gm| nmn {_Q>o ho'' ""Y__| g~ H$Nw> amo ho'' Eg| lw{V_| H$mo ho.
Vmgy W_ Vmo Xmof Xya hm|` dmHo${bò Y_H$mo AmMaU H$aZmo. VmH$[aHo$ {Mm
ew hmo` V~ ^JdmZH$mo _mhm` VWm d$nH$mo kmZ hmo` V~ Aml`m{XH$
H$aZo. {Mm_| Xmof hmo` V~ VmB Aml` Zmht H$aZmo. `m| Omo `moJrZHw$ `mZ
H$[ado`mo` ^w H$hm Amoa Xw> Ord H$hm! Egr Ame>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
AOm{_bm{X-Xmo f mUm
ZmeH$mo @ Zw ^ do
H$Uml`
305
pWV&&
km{nVm@{Ib-_mhm` H $ UEd J{Va __&&7&&

AOm{_bm{X-XmofmUm=AOm{_b Am{XH$ZHo$
XmofZH$mo, ZmeH$=Zme H$[adodmao
AZw^do=AZw^d_|, pWV:=aho ^ò H$U=lrH$U
km{nVm{Ib-_mhm`={OZZo gd- Ed=hr, __=_oamo
_mhm` {XIm`mo ho Ego
J{V=Aml`(ApV=h|)
^mdmW : AOm{_bm{XH$ZHo$ XmofZH$mo Zme H$[adodmao ^w AZw^d_| aho h|. Amoa
{OZZo AnZmo g_J _mhm` OVm`mo ho gmo lrH$Uhr _oar J{V hm|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, doX_| {b`mo ho Ho$ ""dMZm{XH$gm| ^w m` Zmht ho naVw
{OZH$mo daU(drH$ma) ^w H$aV h| {dZHw$hr m` hmo` h|''. Amoa JrVmOr_|
AZ` ^pVgy ^w mV hmo`doH$mo {b`mo ho. Vmgy ^yZmam ArH$ma hmo`Jmo
Amoa ^JdX^VH$mo AZwJh hmo`Jmo Vmo XmofdmaoHw$h ^pVgm| ^w J` h|.
_hmnwfmam eaUmJ{V hmo`Jr Vmo g~ {g hmo`Jmo. Oog| AOm{_bZo {dUwHo$
nmfXZH$mo dm` gw`mo V~ W_ Omo H$` {H$ò hVo VmH$mo nMmVmn H$[aHo$
Jmma_| Om`Ho$ ^JdX^pV H$ar. VmH$[aHo$ dmHo$ g~ nmnZH$s {Zd{m hmo`Ho$
Cm_ J{V ^`r. ò Ho$db nwHo$ CnMmagy "ZmamÙ'Zm_H$mo JhUH$[ado_| ^JdmZH$o
nmfXH$mo ^Jd_$n dm` gw{ZdoH$mo g_` AOm{_bHw$ mV ^`mo VmH$mo \$b
{_`mo Vmo ~w{nydH$ eaUmJ{V H$[adodmaoZHo$ g~ nmnZH$s {Zd{m hmo`d_| H$hm
ge` ho! Vmgy, Xmof mV ^`mo hmo` Vmoh Ho$db ^JdmZH$mohr Aml` H$aZmo,
naVw Aml`Hw$ N>mo{S>Ho$ Amoa H$Nw> Zmht H$aZmo&&7&&
""dm`m`H$mo A``Z H$aZmo'', ""Omo-Omo H$VwH$mo A``Z H$ao VmH$mo
\$b dmHw$ mV hmo`'' B`m{XH$ doXHo$ dm` h|. VmH$[aHo$ H$__mJ_|h ~`k
Amoa A``Zm{XH$Z gy A`m{XH$ZH$s gm`w`mpV hmo` ho. Amoa ~kmZH$[aHo$
Aja~Ho$ g gm`w` hmo`doH$mo lrJrVmOr_|h {b`mo ho. V~, lrH$UHo$
Aml`_| {deof H$hm ho Omo dmH$shr mWZm H$aV hmo? Egr e>mH$s {Zd{mHo${bò
H$Uml`
306
dmHo$ VmaV`kmZmW gdd$n ^JdmZhr h| Ego d$nHo$ {Z$nUnydH $ AW$nnZogy

Aml`H$s mWZm H$aV h|:
mH $ Vm gH$bm Xo d m J{UVmZXH $ ~ h V &
ny U m Z Xmo h[ag V_mV H $ UEd J{Va __&&8&&
gH$bm=g^r, Xodm=XodVmE
mH$Vm=mH$V,(gpV=h|)
~hV=Aja~
(AV=`m{bò)H$UEd=H$Uhr,
J{UVmZXH$=J{UVmZX Oogmo
(ApV=ho)h[a=lrH$U
nyUmZX=nyU AmZX(ApV=h|)
__=_oamo, J{V=Aml`
(ApV=h|)
^mdmW : g~ Xod mH$V h| VWm Aja~Ho$ AmZXH$sh JUZm hmo` ho. Amoa
h[a nyUmZX h| Vmgy lrH$Uhr _oar J{V hm|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, g~ Xod gmpdH$ Ah>magy CnZ ^ò h| Vmgm| mH$V H$ho Om`
h|. Amoa V{mar`mon{ZfX_| AmZXH$s JUZmHo$ g_| ""g_J ndr `gy nyU
hmo` gmo _Zw`H$mo EH$ AmZX ho. Ego _Zw`Ho$ EH$gmo AmZXH$mo _Zw`JYdZH$mo
EH$ AmZX hmo` ho'' `m ar{Vgy eVJw{UV AmZXH$s JUZm H$ar ho. Vhm
~mOrHo$ EH$gmo AmZX hmo` ho V~ Aja~H$mo EH$ AmZX hmo` ho Ego
Aja~Ho$ AmZXH$s JUZm H$ar ho. Vmgy Aja~ J{UVmZX H$mo Om` ho.
Amoa ^VZHo$ XwIhVm lrH$U h| gmo Vmo nyUmZX h|. Vmgy lrH$Uhr _oar J{V
hm|.
AnnZmo hmo`dogy H$Nw> Cn`moJr VrV Zht hmo` ho. Amoa lrH$U Vmo Oog| nyU
AmZX$n h| Vog| {ZJwU_wpVHw$h Xo`dodmao h| Vmgy {dZH$shr eaU^mdZm
H$aZr&&8&&
{ddoH$ Amoa Y` gy a{hHo$ ^pV H$[ado_| ^JdmZh de hmoV h| V~
X`H$[aHo$ Aml`H$s mWZm `m| H$aV hmo? Egr e>m H$[aHo$, ^JdmZ
gd_ZmoaWHo$ nyaH$ h| Amoa gd\$bHo${bò BpN>V h| Vmgy ^JdmZH$mo BpN>V$nnZmo
ho Eg| ^JdmZH$mo H$m_$nnZmo H$hVo ^ò Aml`H$s mWZm H$aV h|:
{ddo H $-Y ` - ^`m{X-a{hV`
{deo f V&
nmnmgV` XrZ` H $ UEd J{Va __&&9&&
{ddoH$-Y`-^`m{X-a{hV`={ddoH$-XrZ`=XrZ
Y`-^pV Am{Xgy a{hV
__=_oamo
{deofV={deof H$aHo$
H$U=lrH$U, Ed=hr
nmnmgV`=nmn_| AmgV
J{V=Aml`(ApV=h|)
^mdmW : {ddoH$ Y` Amoa ^V`m{X gm| a{hV, {deofH$[aHo$ nmn_| AmgV
Amoa XrZ Egmo Omo _| VmHw$ lrH$Uhr J{V$n hm|.
Xodm{XH$ZHo$ gm`w`_|h Xod mH$V hmo`dogy {dZH$s _wpVHw$ gJwUnZmo ho.

Amoa ~bmoH$ n`VHw$ \o$[a ggma_| Am`doH$mo JrVmOr_| {b`mo ho Vmgy
AnmZXnZmo ho. Vog| kmZ_mJ_| Aja~Ho$ g gm`w` hmo` ho Vm_| J{UVmZX
hmo`dogy ~hmoV jw{YVHw$ An ^moOZ hmo` gmo A^moOZVw` hmo` ho Vog| Ajagm`w`H$mo
Q>rH$m : BVZo, W_ Omo {Z$nU {H$`mo gmo ^wHo$ d$nH$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ {H$`mo
ho. A~ OrdHo$ d$nH$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ H$hV h| Omo ^JdmZ AnZr BN>mgy g~
H$a|J| Eg| Om{ZHo$ mWZm Zmht H$aZr Egmo {ZM` hmo` gmo "{ddoH$' H$mo Om`
ho. VWm ^pV{damo{Y Omo XwI hm|` VmH$s {Zd{mH$mo Cnm` Zmht H$[aHo$
Am{Y^m{VH$, Am`mp_H$ Amoa Am{YX{dH$ Ego Vr`m| H$maHo$ XwIH$m| ghZ
H$aZmo gmo "Y`' H$mo Om` ho. Amoa gmYZ$n ^pV ldUm{XH$ H${h Om` ho.
_yb_| "Am{X' nX ho Vmgy nw` h g_OZmo. gmo _oao nmg H$Nw> Zmht h|, Vog| {dZHo$
gmYZh _oao_| Zmht ho. nmn_| AmgV h AWmV, {dnarV gmYZ H$$ h. Amoa
H$Uml`
H$Uml`
307
308
XrZ (X[a) h. Egmo Omo _| h VmHw$ lrH$Uhr J{V$n hm|.

`hm ""_oao_| {ddoH$-Y`m{XH$ Zht h|'' Amoa ""_| nmn_| AmgV h''
B`m{XH$ Omo dm` H$ho h| gmo dm` H${hdodmao lrAmMm`MaU h|. {dZH$m| Ego
{deofU `mo` Zmht h| Egr e>m _Z_| hmo` VmH$mo g_mYmZ Eg| H$aZmo Omo doX_|
""_| hmW Omo{S>Ho$ JwH$s eaU OmC h'' ""_| Z_Z H$$ h'' ""_oamo H$`mU
hmo`'' B`m{XH$ dm`Z Ò_mZHo$ A{YH$magm| H$ho Om` h| Vog| `hm
lrAmMm`MaUZZ| ^VZH$o A{YH$magm| Cn`w V dm` H$ho h| Ego g_OZmo&&9&&
gdWm Omo gmYZa{hV hm|` {VZHw$ eaUmJ{V_|h BpN>V \$bH$s {g{
Ho$g| hmo`Jr? `m| Omo ^JdmZ Vmo OrdH$s H${VHo$ AZwgma \$b XoV h|. g~
gmYZ N>mo{S>do_| XodVmVaH$moh AZmXa hmo`dogy XodVmh {dZ H$a|Jo Egr Ame>m
H$[aHo$ eaUmJ{V_| _moj$nnZmo ho Eg| {gH$[adoHo${bò {dkmnZ H$aV h|:
gd - gm_m` - g{hV
eaUW-g_w ma H $ U
(`=Omo)gdgm_`g{hV=
gd gm_`dmao(M=Amoa)
gd=g~ OJo, Ed=hr
A{IbmWH$V=g~ H$Nw> H$adodmao
gd d m{IbmW H $ V &&
{dkmn`m`h_ &&10&&
eaUW-g_wma=eaU_| AmòH$mo
Cma H$[adodmao(V=CZ)
H$U=lrH$UHw$, Ah=_|
{dkmn`m{_=mWZm H$$ h
^mdmW : lrH$U gdgm_``wV h| Amoa gd g_J AWHo$ H$[adodmao h|. Vmgy

eaU Amò Ego OrdZH$mo Cma H$[adoHo${bò _| lrH$UH$s {~Z{V H$aV hm|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, ^w gdgm_` g{hV h|. Vmgy AmnHo$ gm_`gyhr g~ H$a gHo$
h|. gmo `{X _`mXm am{IdoH$s BN>m hmo`Jr Vmo kmZm{XH$ZH$mo XmZ H$[aHo$h \$b
Xo`J|. AWdm gdgm_` Om_| h| Ego gwXeZm{XH$ g{hV lrH$U h|. Vmgy
gwXeZm{XH$gm|h ^VZH$mo A{Z> {Zdm H$a| h|. Amoa g~ XoeZ_|, dUZ_|,
H$Uml`
309
Aml_Z_| VWm H$_m{XH$Z_| h g~ AWHo$ H$[adodmao lrH$Uhr h|. gmo {dZHo$

eaU Omo Ord Amò hm|` {dZHw$ \$bXmZ H$a|Jo. `m| Omo ""Omo Om ar{Vgy _o[a
eaU Amdo ho VmHw$ dmhr ar{Vgy _| ÔVh'' Egr JrVmOr_| AmnH$s {Vkm ho.
Vmgy eaUmJ{VH$s _`mXm hr Egr ho Omo eaU Am`mo hmo` VmH$s g~ Vahgy ajm
^w H$aVhr h|. Vmgy XrZ^mdgm| eaUmJ{V hr H$aZr&&10&&
""newHo$ Xe mU h|, Am_m `mah_r ho'' Ego lw{V _| H$mo ho. Vmgy
mUZH$sgrZmB Cna H$ho g~ bmoH$ g~ {g H$[adodmao h| Eg| OVm`doHo${bò
Xe bmoH$gm| VmoH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ Am_mH$sgr ZmB \$b Aj` ho Eg|
OVm`doHo${bò Am_$n `mah_| bmoH$gm| VmonmR>H$mo \$b H$hV h|:
H $ Uml`_ BX Vmo ` nR>o V H $ UgpZYm &&
V`ml`mo ^do V H $ U: B{V lrdb^mo @ ~ d rV &&11&&
&&B{V lrdb^mMm`{da{MV_ H$Uml`Vmo_ gnyU_&&
`=Omo, BX=`m
H$Uml`=H$Uml`
Vmo=VmoHw$
H$UgpZYm=lrH$UHo$ nmg_|
lrdb^=lr_hm^wOrZo
nR>oV=nT>oJmo, V`=dmH$mo
H$U=lrH$U
Aml`=Aml`
^doV=hmo`Jmo, B{V=ò
A~drV=H$mo
^mdmW : `h H$Uml`Vmo lrH$UH$s gpZ{Y_| Omo nT>o VmHw$ Aml`$n

lrH$U hm|` Eg| lrdb^mMmÒrZo H$mo ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, lrH$UHo$ Aml`H$mo `WmW {Z$nU H$[adodmamo òhr Vmo ho,
Xygamo Egmo Vmo Zmht ho. Vmgy `mHo$ nmR>gyhr Aml` T> hmo` ho. lrH$UH$s
gpZ{Y_| nmR> H$ao AWdm lrH$UHo$ {Z{_m nmR> H$ao Vmoh Aml` T> hmo`.
H$Uml`
310
&&MVwbmoH$s&&
Ho$db VmoHo$ nmR>_mgy Egmo \$b Ho$g| hmo`? Egr e>m hmo` VmH$mo
g_mYmZ Eg| ho Omo ZbHy$~a VWm _{UJrd ZmaXOrHo$ emnV| `_bmOwZ ^ò V~
lrZmaXOrZ| XodVmZHo$ gmodf nrN>| lrH$UH$mo gmpZ` hmo`doH$mo H$mo hVmo. gmo
dm` {g H$[adoHo${bò lrH$U Amnw dhm nYm[aHo$ ZbHy$~a-_{UJrdH$mo
Cma {H$`mo. V~ lrAmMmÒr gmjmV AmnHo$ _wIma{dXd$n h|, AmnHo$
d$nHw$ `WmW Om{Zdodmao h| Amoa XdrOrdZHo$ CmamW AmnwZo H$Q> {H$ò h|
{dZHo$ dMZgy Vmo Amn AZwJh H$a|hrJ| ò OVm`doHo${bò _yb_| AmnH$mo Zm_
Y`m} ho. Vmgm| Vm_| ge` Zmht amIZmo&&12&&
&& B{V lr_Xdb^mMm`{da{MV lrH$Uml`VmoH$s
dO^mfm_| g{jVQ>rH$m
Jmodm{_ lrZqghbmbOr_hmamO H$V gnyU ^B &&
(15)
bmoH$_| Y_, AW, H$m_ Amoa _moj Eg| Mma nwfmW H$ho Jò h|. gmo ò
nwfmW nyOm_mJHo$ AZwgma _{V_| H$ho gmYZZgy mV hmo` h|. Vhm _VrZ_|
Ego H$mo J`mo ho Ho$ ~mUXohHo$ {dZm _wpV Zmqh hmo` ho. Vm_| h ~wX`m{XH$ZH$s
ew{nydH$ gmmonm gmYZZH$mo {Zdmh hmo` V~ _wpV hmoV ho. gmo _wpVh
AjaH$s mpV$n hmo` ho. gmoh d{MV hmo` ho. gwgmYZ OrdZH$s h `{X Egr
Xem hmo` V~ {ZgmYZZH$mo O_ Vmo dWm{h hmo`! gmo Egmo Z hmo` VmHo${bò
lr^yZZo AnZo lr_wI$n dmUrHo$ n{V lr_hm^yZH$m| ^yVbno H$Q> {H$ò. {dZ
lr_hm^yZZo nw{>_mJuÒrdZH$m| d{gmV OVm`doHo${bò "MVwbmoH$s' Zm_H$
JWH$mo {Z$nU {H$`mo ho; Omgy _`mXm_mJu` Y_, AW, H$m_ Amoa _moj gy OwXo
nw{>_mJu` Y_, AW, H$m_ Amoa _moj H$mo ~oJr ~moY hmo` ho. Vm_| MmabmoH$Zgy
Mm`m] nwfmWZH$mo {Z$nU {H$`mo ho. Vm_| W_bmoH$gy Y_mMaU$n n{hbo
nwfmWH$mo {Z$nU AZww>n N>Xgm| H$aV h|:
gd X m
gd ^ mdo Z
ÔZr`mo
d O m{Yn&
d`m`@_o d Y_m} {h Zm` dm{n H$XmMZ&&1&&
gdXm=gXm
gd^mdoZ=g^r ^mdZgy
dOm{Yn=~OHo$ A{Yn{V
ÔZr`=ÔZH$[ado`mo`h|
d`=AnZmo, A`=ò, Ed=hr,

Y_=Y_ ho, d=H$h h
H$XmMZ=H$~h, A{n=^r,
A`=Xygamo, Z=Zmht(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : {ZaVa gd^mdH$[aH|$ dOm{Yn (lrH$U) godZH$[ado `mo` h|.

nw{>_mJu` OrdZH$mo H$UgodZhr Y_ ho, H$moC H$mb_| AWdm H$moC Wb_| A`
H$moC Y_ Zmqh ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo dOm{Yn Omo gpMXmZX lrH$U gmohr nw{>_mJu`ZH$m| godZr`
H$Uml`
311
MVwbmoH$s
312
h|. gmo lr^mJdVHo$ Xe_H$YHo$ O_H$aU{ddaU_| lr_hm^yZZ| Amkm

H$ar ho Omo ""lrJmoHw$b_| {ZgmYZZHw$ \$b$n Ego lrH$U H$Q>o h| Vmgy h_
g~ Amoagy {ZpMV ^ò h|''. Vmgy {ZgmYZZHo${bòhr ^JdmZH$mo mJQ>
hmo`dogy Xdrg{>_| CnZ ^ò Eg| gmYZ-gn{m a{hV Omo Ord h| CZHw$
lrH$U Ad` godmH$[ado`mo` h|.
gmo godm gd^mdgy H$aZr. BVZo Xoh, Bp`, mU, r, nw, YZ Amoa Jh
Am{X g~ ^JdmZHo$hr h| _oao Zmqh h| Egmo Omo ^md ho gmo AhVm-__Vm_H$
ggmaHw$ {_Q>m`dodmamo ho. Ord_| O~ Egmo ^md Amdo V~ Ord {ZpMV hmo`.
gmo Ord ^Jd_` Amoa _wV H$mo Om` ho. Ego OrdH$s XemH$mo dUZ
"^pVd{YZr'_| {H$`mo ho: ""O~ ^yZ_| T>mgpV hmo` V~ Jh_| pWV
(A^JdXr`) Omo r, nw Am{X CZH$mo ~mYH$nZmo Amoa {dZ_| AZm_nZmo
XrIdo_| Amdo ho. Amoa ^w_| `gZ; BVZo ^w {gdm` amo Z Om` Egr Xem,
O~ hmo` V~ gmo Ord H$VmW hmo` ho''. Vmgy gdm_^md ho gmo XdrOrdZH$mo
_w` Y_ ho. gmo {ZgmYZZHw$ Ad` H$[ado`mo` ho. Eg| ^mdgyhr g~ H$m`
{g hmo` ho. gmo lr^mJdV_| H$mo ho Omo ""Ho$db ^mdH$[aH|$hr lrJmonrOZ,
Jm`, `_bmOwZ ^{V dj, Om~dmZ ^{V _J Amoa _yT>~w{dmao H$mbr`^{V
gn h {g hmo`H|$ _moH$m| mV ^ò h|''. gmo Ego lr^JdmZHo$ dMZgy{h
gdm_^mdHw$ _w`Y_nZmo {g hmo` ho.
`hm e>m hmo` Omo D$na H$mo Omo Y_ gmo EH$ H$mb AWdm Xoe _|
H$[ado`mo` Y_ hmo`Jmo Amoa gdXm H$[adoH$mo Y_ H$hm dmV| `mamo hmo`Jmo? Egr
e>m Zmqh hmo`doHo${bò _yb_| "Zm`:' Amoa "H$XmMZ' Ego Xmo` nXH$mo JhU
H$[aH|$ ò {XIm`mo ho Omo h_Zo H$mo gmohr Y_ ho Vmgy A` H$moC Y_
nw{>_mJu`ZH$mo H$m` {g H$[adodmamo Zmqh ho. `m| Omo _`mXm_mJu` Y_
{d^y{Vn`dgm`r ho. BVZo _`mXm_mJu` gmYZgy ^JdmZH$s {d^y{VH$s mpV
hmo` gHo$ naVw nwfmom_H$s mpV Z hmo`. Amoa Xoe-H$mbHo$ Y__|h {dn`mg
Xo{Ido_| Amdo ho. Vmgy òhr Y_ H$V` ho Egmo _ybHo$ "d' eXgy gy{MV hmo`
ho. H$mbmVa_|h ò Y_ `m` Zmqh ho `w` {dYo` ho Eg| _ybHo$ "H$XmMZ'nXgy
gy{MV hmo` ho&&1&&
MVwbmoH$s
313
nydbmoH$_| W_ Y_nwfmW Omo nw{>_mJu`ZHw$ nwfmom_godZ$n ho VmH$mo

{Z$nU H$[aH|$ A~ {Vr`bmoH$gy {Vr` AWnwfmWH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
Ed gXm _ H$V ` d`_o d H$[a`{V&
^w gd g _Wm} {h VVmo {ZpMVVm d O o V &&2&&
gXm={Z`
Ed=`m H$magy
H$V`=H$aZmo M{hò
(h[a=Xw:I h[adodmao lrH$U)
d`=IwX, Ed=hr
H$[a`{V=H$a|Jo
_={g ho, {h=`m|Ho$

^w=dm_r
gdg_W=g~H$[adoH$m|g_Wh|
VV=Vmgy
{ZpMVVm={MVm a{hV
dOVo =ahmo
^mdmW : gXm ^JdXr`ZH$mo H$V` nydm}V H$maH$mo ho. \$bXmZm{X lrh[aH$mo

H$V` ho Vmgy d` hr H$a|Jo. `m| Omo ^w H$Vw_-AH$Vw_-A`WmH$Vw
gdg_W h|. Vmgy Eo{hH$-nmabm{H$H$ _ZmoaWZHo$ {df`_| {ZpMV hmo`Ho$
ahZmo&&2&&
Q>rH$m : Cna H$o _mU ^Jdgodm-_aU {ZaVa H$V` ho. Amoa ^VZHo$
bm{H$H$-d{XH$ H$m`ZHw$ Vmo Amn gdgm_``wV ^w h| Vmgy mWZm {H$ò
{dZm{h gnmXZ H$a|Jo. Vmgy ^JdX^VHw$ `hbmoH$-nabmoH$H$s MVm N>m{S>Ho$
{ZpMV ahZmo. ^JdmZ Amn{h _o`~bV| ^VHo$ gd AWHw$ gnmXZ H$aV
h|; Vmgy nw{>_mJu`ZHw$ AW$nh ^whr h|&&2&&
`m H$ma AWH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ VVr` bmoH$gy nw{>_mJu` H$m_ nwfmWH$mo
{Z$nU H$aV h|:
MVwbmoH$s
314
AV gdm _Zm edX Jmo H w $ bo da-nmX`mo &

_aU ÔZ Mm@{n Z `m`_ B{V _o _{V&&4&&
`{X lrJmo H w $ bmYremo Y V gdm _Zm {X&

VV {H$_ Ana ~ y { h bm { H$H $ a d { XH $ a A{n&&3&&
&&B{V lrdb^mMm`{da{MVm MVwbmoH$s gnyUm&&

`{X=Omo
lrJmoHw$bmYre=lrJmoHw$bHo$ amOmHw$
gdm_Zm=g~ Vahgy
{X=X`_|
YV=YmaU {H$ò h|
VV=Vmo {\$a
bm{H$H$=bm{H$H$gy
d{XH$=d{XH$gy
A{n=^r. Ana=Xygamo
(\$b=\$b){H$_=H$hm
(ApV=ho) (B{V=ò)
d=Vw_, ~y{h=~mobmo
AV=Vmgy, edV=h_|em
JmoHw$bodanmX`mo=lrJmoHw$bHo$
dm_r Ego lrH$UHo$ MaUZH$mo
gdm_Zm=g~ Vaohgy
_aU=_aUH$mo, M=Amoa
ÔZ=godmH$mo, A{n=^r
Z=Zmqh
`m`=`mJ H$aZmo
B{V=Egr, _o=_oar
_{V=~w{ (ApV=ho)
^mdmW : O~ lrJmoHw$bmYreHw$ gd^mdH$[aH|$ OrdZo X`_| Wm{nV H$[a {bò

h| V~ dmHw$ lrnwfmom_gy CH$> gdH$m_ nyUH$[adodmamo H$hm nXmW eof aho ho?
^mdmW : lrJmoH$w boda X`_| {~amO| Vm nrN>ho gdm_H$[aHo$ {dZHo$ MaUH$_bH$mo

_aU Amoa ÔZ (godm) Z N>moS>Zmo Egr _oar _{V ho.
Q>rH$m : AWmV ^w {gdm` H$moC Amoa ^VHo$ H$m_nyaH$ Zmqh ho, dohr
gdH$m_nyaH$ h|. {dZHw${h O~ X`_| Wm{nV H$[a bò h| V~, bm{H$H$ {g
H$[adodmar `wVrZgy Amoa d{XH$ `mJm{XgmYH$ dMZZgy H$hm H$V` ho? H$Nw>
H$V` Zmqh ho. gmo{h lr_hm^yZZo "AVH$aU~moY' JWHo$ W_ bmoH$_|
H$mo ho Omo ""ho AVH$aU! _oamo dm` gmdYmZ hmo`H|$ gwZ. Omo lrH$Ugy
A{YH$ H$moC XdV, XmofH$[aH|$ a{hV, Zmqh ho''. BVZo ^w EH${h {ZXm}f h|, Amoa
g~ gXmof h|. Vmgy {ZXm}fH$m| X`_| Wm{nV {H$ògy ^VHo$ g~ H$m_H$s {g{
ho. Amoa nyd Omo ZmaXm{XH$ _w{Z`| ^ò h| {dZZoh ^JdmpVHo${bò ^wH$s godm
H$[adoH$mo CnXoe {H$`mo ho. O~ Ego ^w{h OmHo$ X`_| {~amOo dm ^VHw$ godmHo$
\$b_| H$hm `yZVm a{h Om` ho? g~ H$m_ nyU {h hmo` ho&&3&&
Q>rH$m : BVZo AmfYHo$ godZgy gwIr ^`mo Egmo nwfh AmfY Im` Vmo AmJ| amoJ
hmo`doH$mo g^d Z aho VmH$ma H$V_|h ^wH$s mpV ^ò nrN>|h OrdHw$ Amgya
OrdHo$ ggy Amgwamdoe Zmqh hmo`doHo${bò ^wH$mo _aU Amoa ÔZ $n gmYZ
AmfYH$sZmB gXm H$V` ho. Eg| lr_hm^wOr XdrOrdZHo$ Cna H$nm H$[aH|$
{dZHw$ OVm`doHo${bò ""_oar Egr _{V ho'' `m H$ma Amkm H$ao h|&&4&&
Eg| H$m_$n VVr` nwfmWH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ _wpV$n MVwW nwfmWH$mo

A~ {Z$nU H$aV h|:
MVwbmoH$s
315
&&B{V lrMVwbmoH$sH$s Jmodm{_ lrZqghbmbOr _hmamO H$V

dO^mfm Q>rH$m g_mV&&
MVwbmoH$s
316
&& ^pVd{YZr &&

(16)
AW nw{>_mJ_| ArH$V Amoa ^pVH$s d{Ho$ H$maHw$ Zmht Om{Zdodmao
OrdZHo$ Cna H$nm H$[adodmao lrAmMmÒr, dH${Q>V _mJ_| dV_mZm ^pV
Amoa VmH$s d{Ho$ H$ma H${hdoH$s {Vkm H$aV h|:
`Wm ^pV d m `mV VWmo n m`mo {Z$`Vo &&
~rO^mdo T> o Vw `mV `mJmV ldU-H$sV Z mV &&1&&
`Wm=Om H$magy
^pV=^pV
dm=H$fH$[aHo$ dqJV
`mV=hmo`,VWm=dm H$maHo$
Cnm`=Cnm`H$mo
{Z$`Vo={Z$nU {H$`mo Om` ho
~rO^mdo=~rO^md
T>o=T> (g{V=^òno)
Vw=Vmo, `mJmV=`mJgm|
ldU-H$sVZmV=ldU-H$sVZgm|
(^pV=^pV, dm=H$>$ngm|
dqJV)
`mV=hmo` ho
^mdmW : lrAmMmÒr Amkm H$aV h| Omo d_mJu` ^pVH$s d{ hmo`doHo$

Cnm`H$mo {Z$nU hmo` ho. gmo Vmo d_mJ_| H$ho ^ò gmYZgy Amoa Omo _`mXm_mJu`
gmYZ h| {dZH$mo n[a`mJ VWm d_mJu` ldU Amoa H$sVZ H$mo n[aerbZ
H$[adogy ^md T> hmo` V~ ^pVH$s d{ hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : `hm H$moC H$ho Omo ^pVH$s Cn{m Amoa VmH$s d{Ho$ Cnm` Vmo
lr^mJdV VWm JrVmOr ^{V JWZ_| {dVmagy d{UV h|. V~ lrAmMmÒr
VmHo${bò ZyVZ JW H$[adoH$mo n[al_ `m| H$aV h|? Egr e>mH$mo g_mYmZ Vmo
`h ho Omo lr^mJdVm{XH$Z_| ""XmZ dV Vn hmo_ On dm`m` g`_ Amoa BVa
lo` CZH$[aHo$ lrH$U_| ^pV {g hmo` ho'' B`m{X bmoH$Zgy Omo ^pVH$s
Cn{mH$mo H$ma Amoa ""AmnH$s H$WmHo$ nmZ H$[adogy {OZHw$ ^pVH$s d{ Amoa
^pVd{YZr
317
{Z_b AVH$aU ^ò h| do, dam` ho gma Om_| Ego, kmZHw$ mV hmo`Ho$ AmnHo$
WmZHw$ mV hmo` h|'' B`m{XH$ dm`Zgy VmH$s d{ {Z${nV ho gmo XmZdVm{XH$ _`mXm_mJu` gmYZZgy hmo` gHo$ ho. Amoa d{H$mo \$b kmZ AWdm
_`mXm_mJu`^pV ho, Vmgy AjaH$s mpV H$am`do_| dmo ^pV CnjrU hmo`
Om` ho. Vmgy nwfmom_brbmH$mo AZw^d H$am`dodmar Omo nw{>^pV Amoa VmH$s
d{Ho$ Cnm`H$mo `m JWgy lrAmMmÒr {Z$nU H$aV h| gmo C{MVVa ho.
A~ n{hbo ~rO^md T> hmo`doH$mo H$mo VmH$mo d$n H$hV h| Omo
nw{>_mJHo$ AmMm`mam _mJar{V AZwgma ^wHw$ Am_m ^{VH$mo {ZdoXZ ^ò
nrN>o ^w dV dm OrdH$m| eaU {g H$aV h| VmHy$ `m JW_| "~rO^md' H$mo
Om` ho. Oog| jo_| ~rO ~moò nrN>o ObgoMZm{XH$ hmo` V~ Aw>am{X hmo` ho,
Ho$db ObgoMZ Aw>aH$s Cn{m_| Oog| Ag_W ho Eg| ^pV_mJ_| AmJo H$mo
~rO^md ^ò nrN>o ldU-_ZZm{X ^pVHw$ CnZ H$[a gHo$ h|. {dZm ~rO^md
do A{H$pMH$am`: h| Eg| lrh[aamÒr Amkm H$aV h|&&1&&
Eg| ~rOH$s T>VmH$mo H$ma W_bmoH$gy H${hHo$ A` `mnmagyh dm_|
{dZ Zmht Am`doHo${bò ^JdXÔZ$n Cnm`H$s T>Vm {g{Ho${bò A~
H$hV h|:
~rOXmT > H$maVw J h o pWdm dY_ V &&
A`md mmo Ôo V H $ U ny O `m ldUm{X{^&&2&&
~rOXmT>H$ma:=~rOH$s T>VmH$mo (gZ=hmo`Ho$)
H$ma, Vw=Vmo, Jho=Ya_|
nyO`m=nyOmgm|
pWdm=a{hHo$,dY_V:=AnZoldUm{X{^:=ldU Am{Xgm|
Y_Ho$ AZwgma,A`mdm:=A`mdm H$U=lrH$UH$m|,ÔoV=ÔZmo
^mdmW : dY_mMaUnydH$ Jh_| a{hHo$, godm{VHy$b CmoJHw$ N>m{S>Ho$, nyOm
^pVd{YZr
318
Amoa ldUm{XH$ gy lrH$UH$mo ÔZ (godm) H$aZmo gmo ~rO^mdH$s T>VmH$mo

(Cnm`) H$ma ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, nw{>_mJ_| CV gmYZgy A` _`m{XH$ gmYZH$mo n[a`mJ
H$[adoH$mo _ybHo$ "Vw' eXgy gy{MV hmo` ho. Amoa nw{>_mJu` gmYZZ_| _w` godm
gmo ÔZmZwHy$b Jh_| aho {dZm hmo` gHo$ Zmht. Vmgy _yb_| Jh_| a{hdoH$mo H$mo
ho. Amoa Y_ Xmo` H$maHo$ h|. Vm_| EH$ Vmo OmH$mo eara_| AV Amdo gmo
(XohY_) Amoa Xygamo Am_m_| OmH$mo AV Amdo ho gmo (Am_Y_). Vm_|
g`mdXZgy bo`H|$ `mJn`V Y_ dJm{X^moJ$n \$bHw$ Xododmao h| gmo \$b
earagy AZw^yV hmo` h|, Amoa JrVmOr_| H$o _mU \$b^moJ hmo`MwHo$ V~
ndrCna {Jao ho. Vmgy "dY_' nXgy `h Y_ Zmht boZmo {H$Vw Am_Y_, Omo
H$mh H$magy {dH$V Zmht hmo`dodmamo ^Jd_ ho, gmo boZmo Eg| gy{MV hmo` ho.
gmo Y_ ^wH$s godm ho. gmo lr^mJdV_| bmXOrH$mo dMZ ho Omo ""AmXe(H$mM)_|
{V{~p~V _wIHw$ Xo{IH|$ AnZo _wI_| Omo-Omo eJ ma hmo` gmo{h {V{~~WmZr`
_wIHw$ hmo`. Vog| _Zw` ^wHw$ Omo-Omo _mZ Xo` ho gmo Am_mHo${bò{h ho'' Eg|
d{UV ^Jdgodm$n Omo Am_Y_ gmo "dY_' nXgy {b`mo Om` ho. Amoa
"dY_V:' Eg| "V{gb'``mV $n {bIdoH$mo A{^m` Vmo `h ho Omo
"V{gb'``mV eX A`` hmo`dogy Oog| dm_| H$mh H$maH$s {dH${V Zmht
hmo` ho Eg| `hmh A`dH$mo `moJ H$`m} ho Vmgyh H$mh H$magm| {dH$V Z hmo`
Egmo Y_ bodoH$mo A{^m` Xrgo ho. Amoa \$bm_H$ "lrH$U'Ho$ CnmXmZgy `h
ÔZ _oao \$b$n ho Eg| Om{ZHo$ H$[adoH$mo ~moY hmo` ho. `m_| Omo "nyOm' eX
ho Vmgy AmJ_moV nyOmH$mo JhU H$[adoH$mo Zmht ho {H$Vw lrJmonrOZZZo ""U`
nydH$ XeZgy ò h[aUr`| lrH$UH$mo nyOZ H$aV ^B'' Eg| Xe_H$Y_| H$mo
ho dhm o_ nydH$ XeZH$m| "nyOm'Ho$ AW$n {J`mo ho, Egr nyOm `hmh bodoH$s
ho. Amoa ldUH$s Omo _yb_| Amkm ho gmo godmHo$ AZmoga_| H$[adoH$s ho&&2&&
A~ ^w_| T>{ddmg hmo` Vmo ^whr dmH$mo `moJ-jo_ MbmdV h| naVw
T>{ddmg Z Amdo Ego OrdZHw$ JmUnj_| `md{m (CmoJ) H$[adoH$s Amkm
H$aV h|.
^pVd{YZr
319
`md mmo @ {n ham {Mm ldUmXm `Vo V gXm&&

VV: o _ VWm@@gpVa `gZ M `Xm ^do V &&3&&
~rO VX C`Vo emo T> `Z Zm@{n Z`{V&&
`mdm:=`mdm hmo`don|
A{n=h, ham=lrH$U_|
{Mm={MmHw$
`VoV=`Zerb ahoZmo
VV:=Vmgy, o_=o_
AmgpV:=AmgpV
M=Amoa, `gZ=`gZ
`Xm=O~, ^doV=hmo`
(Amg`=Omo{S>H|$)
ldUmXm=ldU Am{X_|
gXm=gXm
(V{h=V~) VV=dmo
emo=em_|, T>=T>
~rO=~rO, C`Vo=H$moOm`ho
`V=Omo, Z A{n=H$~h Zmht
Z`{V=Z> hmodo ho
^mdmW : A~ H$Nw> CmoJ H$aZmo nS>o Vmoh {MmHw$ ldUm{Xgy ^w_|{h am{IHo$
H$aZmo. Eg| H$[adogy W_ o_ X`_| \w$ao ho, VmnrN>o ^w_| AmgpV hmo` ho,
VmnrN>o ^w_| `gZ hmo` ho. Eg| `gZ n`V ^md ~T>o V~ ~rO^md T> ^`mo
Eg| OmZZmo. Om OrdHw$ AmJo H$ho _mU ~rO^mdH$s T>Vm ^B hmo` gmo Ho$g|h
^pV_mJgy gaHo$ Zmht ho.
Q>rH$m : ^Jdgodm_| {VHy$b `mnmaH$mo `mJ H$[adoH$s Amkm AmJoHo$ bmoH$gy
H$ar. A~ H$Nw> CmoJ H$aZmo nS>o Vmoh {MmHw$ ^w_|{h am{IHo$ H$aZmo. Amoa
`md{m_| VWm `md{mgy _wV hmo`Ho$ ldUm{X H$aZo. "Am{X'eX _yb_|
{b`mo ho Vmgy ldU, _aU, {MVZ, H$sVZ ^{V AZmoga_| H$aZo. Eg|
^pV_mJu` ^pVH$s d{ hmo`doH$mo Cnm` H${hHo$ A~ ^pV ~T>doH$mo H$_
H$hV h|. Omo W_ Vmo lrAmMmÒrHo$ Hw$bmam ^JdXrH$ma {g hmo` V~ o_
BVZo dV: ^w_| d{m H$am`dodmamo ZohH$mo Aw>a X`_| \w$ao ho. VmnrN>o
^w_|hr _ZHy$ bJm`dodmar AmgpV hmo` ho, VmHy$ "mT>Zoh' H$ho h|. VmnrN>o
EH$ jUh ^wH$mo {d`moJ gmo Z Om` Egmo ^w_| `gZ hmo` ho. Eg| `gZ
^pVd{YZr
320
n`V ^md ~T>o V~ ~rO^md T> ^`mo Eg| OmZZmo. Om OrdHw$ AmJo H$ho _mU
~rO^mdH$s T>Vm ^B ho gmo Xw:gm{X bm{H$H$Xmof Am` {_bdogy Amoa H$mbm{XH$ZH$s
{VHy$bVm$n Abm{H$H$ Xmofgyh ^pV_mJgy gaHo$ Zmht ho&&3&&
Eg| H$_gy Zoh ~T>doH$s ar{V H${hHo$ A~ Zoh hmo`do_| ~mYH$$n
^w{gdm` Amoa dVyZ_| Zoh, Jh_| AmgpV Amoa ^w{dZmh H$mb{Zdmh ò VrZ
Xmof h|, gmo O~ ^w_| EH$ ^md ~T>o V~ EH$ ~mYH$ {_Q>o, Xygamo ^md ~T>o V~
Xmo` ~mYH$Xmof {Zdm hm|` Amoa O~ ^w_| `gZ n`V ^md hmo` V~
^md{dKmVH$ g~ Xmof Xyar hmo` h| gmo Om H$_gy EH$ ^mdH$s d{_| EH$ XmofH$s
{Zd{m hmo` gmo H$_ H$hV h| :
ZohmX amJ{dZme: `mX Amg`m `mX Jhm{M:&&4&&
J h WmZm ~mYH$d_ AZm_d M ^mgVo &&
`Xm `mX `gZ H $ Uo H $ VmW : `mV VX d {h&&5&&
ZohmV=Zohgm|
amJ{dZme:=amJH$mo {dZme
`mV=hmo` ho
Amg`m=AmgpVgm|
Jhm{M:=Ka_| A{M
`mV=hmo` ho
JhWmZm=Ka_| aho^òZH$mo
~mYH$d=~mYH$nZmo
M=Amoa
AZm_d=AZm_nZmo
^mgVo=^mgo ho, `Xm=O~
H$Uo=lrH$U_|
`gZ=`gZ, VXm=V~
Ed=hr (^V:)
H$VmW:=H$VmW
`mV=hmo`, {h=hr
^mdmW : ^w_| r{V hmo`dogy A` ZohH$mo Zme hmo` ho, Ama ^w_| AmgpV
hmo`dogy Jhm{XH$_| A{M hmo` Om` ho Ama Jh_| aho ^ò nXmW ^pV_| ~mYH$
Amoa AZm_r` XrIdo bJm h|. Amoa O~ lrH$U_| `gZ hmo` Om` ho V~hr
^V H$VmW ^`mo H$mo Om` ho, ò {ZM` ho.
^pVd{YZr
321
Q>rH$m : O~ ^w_| Zoh hmo` V~ bm{H$H$_| Zoh Z aho. Eg| O~ ^w_| AmgpV
hmo` V~ Jh_|gy AmgpV Ny>{Q> Om` ho BVZmo{h Zmht {H$Vw Jh_| aho Ego rnw ^{V (^JdXr` Z hm|` Vmo) _moH$m| ^Jd_ H$[ado_| ò g~ ~mYH$ h| Eg|
XrIo h| Amoa {dZ_| AZm_VmH$sh \y${V hmo` ho. BVZo, ^JdXr`Ho$ Am_m Vmo
lrH$U h| Vmgy Omo ^Jdg~Ydmao Ord h| {VZ_| AnZonZoH$s \y${V hmo` ho,
(^Jdg~Y a{hV) r-nwm{XH$Z_| AnZonZoH$s \y${V Zmht hmo` ho. `m|
Omo do Vmo bm{H$H$mgpVHo$ H$maU$n h|. doh `{X ^JdXr` hm|` Vmo ^JdXr`nZogy
AmgpV ~mYH$ Zmht ho Vmgy {dZH$mo ~mYH$nZmo XrIdo_| Zmht Amdo ho.
A~ Zohd{H$s namH$m>m H$hV h| Omo O~ ^w_| `gZ ^`mo V~ gmo Ord
H$VmW hmo` ho. BVZo, "AW' Omo ^pV_mJH$s ar{VHo$ AZwgma ^wH$mo \$b$ng~Y
gmo OmHw$ ^`mo ho Egmo Ord hmo` Om` ho&&5&&
Eg| ^w_| `gZdmaoH$s `mo`Vm, ^md Amoa \$b H$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ A~
dmHo$ AmJoH$s `dWm H$hV h|:
Vme`m@{n
gVV
J h WmZ
{dZmeH$_ &&
`mJ H $ dm `Vo X `Vw VXWm W H $_mZg:&&6&&
b^Vo gw T>m ^pV gd V mo @ `{YH$m nam_ &&
Vme`=dogoHw$
JhWmZ=Ka_| ahZmo
A{n=h, gVV={ZaVa
{dZmeH$={dZmeH$ ho
(V_mV=Vmgm|) `mJ=`mJ
Vw=Vmo, gwT>m=gwT>
H$dm=H$aHo$, `:=Omo
gdV:=g~gm|, A{n=^r
VXWmWH$_mZg:=dmHo${bòhr _Z A{YH$m=A{YH$
ho OmH$mo Egmo(gZ=hmo`Ho$)
nam=lo>, ^pV=^pVHw$
`VoV=`Z H$ao(g:=dmo)
b^Vo=mV H$ao ho
^pVd{YZr
322
^mdmW : Ego ^mddmao OrdHw$h Vme ^JdXr`Ho$ g {dZm Ka_| pW{V ho gmo
^mdH$mo Zme H$[adodmar ho Vmgy dmHw$ Jh_| ahZmo C{MV Zmht ho. Vmgy dm
^mddmamo JhH$mo `mJ H$[aHo$, _Z_| EH$ ^wH$m|{h {_bdoH$s A{^bmfm am{IHo$,
^mdHw$ dT>m`doH$mo `Z H$ao Vmo Eg| H$aVo-H$aVo gwT> Egr nam ^pVHw$
mVH$ao ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, Omo OmH$mo Zme H$[adodmamo ho gmo dmHo$ g_rn a{h Z gHo$. Oogo
""ho H$_b garIo Zodmao! O~gy AmnHo$ MaUma{dXH$mo ne ^`mo ho V~gy Amoa
bmoJHo$ AmJ| h_ R>mS>o a{h gH|$ Zmht h|'' Eg| ~OaZ$n lrJmonrOZZZo
lrR>mHw$aOrgy H$mo ho. VmH$s {dd{m_| lrAmMmÒr Amkm H$ao h| Omo Oog| XohHo$
A{^_mZdmamo nwf `mKHw$ Xoh{dKmVH$ g_{PHo$ dmH$s nmg R>mS>mo Zmht a{h
gHo$ ho Eg| VmerHw$ bm{H$H$mgVHo$ nmg a{hdogy ^mdH$s hm{Z hmo` Om` ho.
Vmgy dm ^mddmamo JhH$mo `mJH$[aHo$, _Z_| EH$ ^wHo${h {_bdoH$s A{^bmfm
am{IHo$, ^mdHw$ ~T>m`doH$mo`Z H$ao Vmo Eg| H$aVo-H$aVo gwVam T> Egr ^pVHw$
gnmXZ H$aoho.
`hm W_ `gZ n`V ^mdH$[aHo$ gdmnZmo (gd bm{H$H$mgpVHy$
Nw>S>m`dodmar) ^pV H${hHo$ nwZ: gwT> ^pV H${hdoH$mo A{^m` `h ho Omo
n{hboH$s ^pVh \$b$n Vmo ho naVw "gwT>' BVZo gdm_^md$n gmjmV
d$nH$mo AZw^d$n \$b Om_| ho Egr ^pVHw$ mV hmo` ho. _ybbmoH$_|
""bm^ hmo` ho'' Eg| H$mo ho dmH$mo A{^m` `h ho Omo nyd H$mo Omo A`V
JmT>^md VmH$[aHo$ {d_mZ XohH$mo O~ Zme hmo` V~ brbm_| Cn`moJr Abm{H$H$Xoh
dmH$s hmo` Om` ho nrN>o dm Xohgy gmjmV d$ng~pY \$bHw$ mV hmo` ho.
`h ^pV \$b$n ho Eg| OVm`doHo${bò "gdgy A{YH$' Amoa "na' Eg| _yb_|
Xmo` {deofU {Xò h|. BVZo, _w`m{XH$gy A{YH$ Amoa AJ{UV na_mZX$n
nwfmom__| OmH$mo g~Y ho Egr ^pV ho, Eg| {deofU`gy gy{MV hmo`
ho&&6&&
A~ H$Xm{MV H$moC ^pV_mJu` nydm}V `mJH$mo d$n g_Po {dZm{h
^pVd{YZr
323
""h_h JhH$mo `mJ H$[aHo$ ^pV ~T>md|Jo'' Egmo _Z_| {Z`` H$[aHo$ A{YH$ma
{dZm `{X JhH$mo `mJ H$ao VmHw$ Eg| H$[adoH$mo {ZfoY (""`mJo ... VWmZV:''
bmoH$gy) H$aV h|. A Ego And^mddmaoHw$ H$moD$ Xmof Z Amdo Amoa H$mbh
{ZH$g Om` Egmo gwb^ aVm CmabmoH$ (""AV: Wo` ... Z Xw`{V'')_|
H$hV h|:
`mJo ~mYH$^y ` d Xw : g g Jm V VWm@ZV:&7&
AV: Wo ` h[aWmZo VXr` : gh Vna : &
AXy a o {dH$f} dm `Wm {Mm Z Xw `{V&8&
`mJo=`mJ_|
Xw:ggJmV=Xw>Ho$ ggJgy
VWm=Amoa, AZV:=AZgy
~mYH$^y`d=~hmoV~mYH$nZmoho
AV:=`m{bò
dm=Amoa, {dH$f}=Xya
(Wo` =ahZmo)
h[aWmZo=lrH$UHo$ WmZ_|
Vna:=dmHo$ namÙ
VXr`:=VXr`Ho$, gh=g
Wo`=ahZmo, (qH$dm=AWdm)
AXyao=Xya Zmqh Eg|
`Wm=Om H$magm|, {Mm={Mm
Z=Zmqh, Xw`{V=Xy{fV hmo`
^mdmW : OmHw$ `gZ n`V ^md ~Tmo Zmht ho Ego nwfHw$ ^pV ~T>m`doH$o {bò
Jh N>mo{S>do_| Xw:g Amoa AZXmof ~hmoV ~mYH$ ho. gmo Xmof Z Am`doHo${bò Ohm
godmH$mo dmh MbVmo hmo` Ego ^wHo$ WmZ_| ^wH$s godm-_aU namÙ
^JdX^VHo$ g {ZaVa aho; Vm_|h ^w_| Amoa ^V_| Xmof~w{ Z hmo` Eg|
g_rn_| AWdm Xya_| ahZmo.
Q>rH$m : OmHw$ `gZ n`V ^md ~Tmo Zmht ho Ego nwfHw$ ^pV ~T>m`doHo${bò
Jh N>mo{S>do_| ~mYH$ ~hmoV ho. n{hbo H$mo Omo Jh`mJr dmHw$ ~rO^mdH$s Egr
T>Vm ho Omo dmHw$ Xw:ggJm{X Xmof H$Nw> ~mYm H$[a gHo$ Zmht ho. naVw `mHw$ Vmo
{deof ^md Zmht hmo`dogy Xw:ggJ Xmof ~hmoV ~mYm H$ao ho. Amoa eara{ZdmhHo${bò
^pVd{YZr
324
bmoH$_| H$mh OJo OmZmo nS>o dhm Omo Xo` gmo g~ boZmo nS>o V~ dm_| ^wHw$ Z
g_`m} ^`mo AZh Amdo VmHo$ JhUgy ~{h_wInZmo hmo` Om`. Eg| Amoah ~hmoV
Xmof hmo` ho. {dZ_| _w` Vmo Xw:g Amoa AZXmof ho Vmgy _yb bmoH$_| XmoCH$mo
CnmXmZ {H$`mo ho.
Vmgy H$mb{Zdmh hmo` Amoa Xmof Z Am`doHo${bò gmo (Ego And^mddmamo)
Ohm d_mJH$s (=dUd AmJ_em_| {bIr ^B)ar{VHo$ AZwgma godmH$mo
dmh MbVmo hmo` Ego ^wHo$ WmZ Omo JmodZ ({Vn{V, lraOr, nmSw>a
{dQ>R>bZmWOr, emoma ~oQ>mamH$m, maH$m, aUN>moS>Or, OJZmWamÒr,
~rZmWOr) Am{X Vm_| aho. Vm_|h ^JdX^VHo$ g {ZaVa aho; Vm_|h ^wH$s
godm-_aU namÙ aho. dhmh Ego Z H$ao Vmo Xw:gm{XH$ Xmof bJ Om` Vmo g~
OrdZ {N>Z_| `W hmo` Om`.
A~ {ZaVa Eg| pW{V H$[ado g y H$Xm{MV H$mo D $ ^JdXr`H$mo
A{Vn[a{MVnZogy Xmof XrIdo_| Amdo Vmoh AmN>mo Zmht Vmgy H$mamVagy a{hdoH$s
Amkm H$ao h| Omo Oog| ^w_| Amoa ^yHo$ ^V_| Xmof~w{ Z hmo` Eg| g_rn_|
AWdm Xya_| ahoZmo, naVw ^JdXr`Ho$ g {dZm jUdmah ahoZmo Zmht. Vog| {dZHw$
AnZrCna VWm AnZHw$ {dZH$sCna A^md Am`do XoZmo Zmht. Vmgy Eg| ahoZmo Ho$
Om_| _Z_| H$moC H$maH$mo Xmof Am`doHw$ Z nmdo&&8&&
Eg| ^w_| A`V ^md ~T>dogy Jh Ny>Q> Om` dmH$s Amoa AkmZgy Jh N>moS>o
dmH$s {g{Ho$ Cnm` Amoa dmH$mo \$b H$ho. A~ nw{>_mJu` godm Amoa H$Wm dm_|
A`Va(Xmo_|gy H$moB EH$)_| AmgpV am{IdodmaoHw$h \$bH$s {g{ hmo` gmo
H$hV h|:
go d m`m dm H$Wm`m dm ``m@@gpVa T>m ^do V &&
`mdOrd V` Zmemo Z dm@nr{V _{Va __&&9&&
``=OmH$s
V`=dmH$mo
^pVd{YZr
325
godm`m=godm_|, dm=AWdm
H$Wm`m=H$Wm_|, dm=h
T>m=T>, AmgpV:=AmgpV
`mdOrd=OrdZ n`V
^doV=hmo` ho
Zme:=Zme, d=H$h
A{n=h, Z=Zmht
(`mV=hmoV ho)
B{V=Egr, _o=_oar
_{V:=_{V(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : ^wH$s godm_| VWm ^JdH$Wm_| OmH$s T> AmgpV OrdZ n`V aho
ho dmH$mo H$mh H$magy Zme Z hmo` Amoa nw{>_mJu` \$b dmHw$ {g hmo` dm_|
ge` Zmht ho Eg| _oar ~w{_| Amdo ho.
Q>rH$m : lrAmMmÒr H${Q>V nw{>_mJmZwgmar Egr ^wH$s godm_| VWm EV_mJu`
^JdbrbmH$s H$Wm_| OmH$s AmgpV ({MmHo$ `mgnydH$ T> AmJh) aho;
BVZo, H$mhHw$ godm_| Vmo H$mhHw$ H$Wm_| Amoa H$mhHw$ Xmo`_| AmgpV hmo` gmoh
"`mdOrdZ' Zm_ Ohm VmB Xoh_| mU aho Vhm VmB aho Vmo dmH$mo H$mh H$magy
Zme Z hmo` Amoa nw{>_mJu` \$b dmHw$ {g hmo` dm_| ge` Zmht hmo`doHo${bò
lr_hm^wOr Amkm H$a| h| Omo _oar ~w{_| Eg| Amdo ho Omo dmH$mo H$moD$ H$magy
Zme Z hmo`. ò H${hdogy \$bH$s {Z:gpXYVmH$mo ~moY hmo` ho&&9&&
Eg| godmgV Amoa H$WmgV Hw$ Xo{IHo$ H$moC AmgpVHo$ A^md_|h
Cgmhgy godm H$ao Vmo dmHw$ ~mYm hmo` gmo Amoa VmH$s {Zd{mH$mo Cnm` A~ H$hV
h|:
~mYg^mdZm`m Vw Z H $mVo dmg B`Vo &&
h[aVw gd V mo ajm H$[a`{V Z g e `:&&10&&
~mYg^mdZm`m=~mYH$s
g^mdZm_|, Vw=Vmo
EH$mVo=EH$mV_|
h[a:=lrH$U, Vw=Vmo
gdV:=g~ Vahgy
ajm=ajm, H$[a`{V=H$a|Jo
^pVd{YZr
326
dmg:=ahZmo, Z=Zmqh
B`Vo = Ano{jV ho
(V=dm_|)ge`:=gXoh
Z=Zmqh (ApV=ho)
^mdmW : godm_| ~mYH$s g^mdZm_| godm N>m{S>Ho$ EH$mVdmg H$[ado_| {hV

Zmht ho. `m|? Omo ^w gdHo$ Xw:IH$mo haU H$[adodmao h| Vmgy ^w g~ ~mYmZHw$
Xya H$[aHo$ ^VHo$ ^mdH$s ajm H$a|Jo dm_| ge` Zmht ho.
Q>rH$m : godm H$[ado_| T>Vm Zmht hmo`dogy CoJ hmo` gmo Amoa ^moJH$s AmgpV
hmo` gmo godm_| ~mYH$ g_OZo. ""Ego ~mYH$s g^mdZm_| _mogy godm Zmht ~Zr
gHo$ ho Vmgy _| JhHw$ N>m{S>Ho$ H$moC EH$mV (Wb)_| Om`Ho$ ^JXÔZ
H$$Jmo'' Egmo {dMm[aHo$ godmHw$ Z N>moS>o. `m|? Omo ^w gdHo$ Xw:IH$mo haU
H$[adodmao h| Vmgy h[aZm_ ho gmo CoJm{XH$Hw$ {_Q>m`Ho$ godm_| AmgpV T>
H$aoJmo. Vmgy Oog| ~Zo Vog| godm hr H$ao. Eg| H$aZhmaH$mo ^w ^md ~T>md|Jo dm_|
H$mh H$maH$mo ge` Z H$aZmo. Eg| hr H$Wm_| AmgV hmo` dmHw$ {dZ Amdo
Vmoh dmHw$ H$Wm Z N>moS>Zr. (`{X Eg| H$aoJmo) Vmo ^w g~ ~mYmZHw$ Xya H$[aHo$
Om_| OmH$s d{m hmo`Jr dm_| dmHo$ _ZHw$ {ZMb H$aoJ| Eg| {ddmgnydH$
g_OZmo&&10&&
`:=Omo, EVV=`mHw$
g_YròV=AmN>r ^m{Vgm|
A``Z H$aoJmo, V`=dmHw$
(ham=lrH$U_|)
T>m=A{dMb, a{V:=r{V
`mV=hmo`Jr
^mdmW : D$na H$ho _mU Omo dmUr_|h Zmht Am` gHo$ {H$Vw AZw^dgy
Om{Zdobm`H$ JyT> ho Vd OmH$mo Egr ^pVH$s d{H$mo em {Z${nV {H$`mo
ho. `m emHw$ g`H$ H$magy AWmZwgYmZnydH$ Omo nmR> H$ao VmHw$h Eg|
H$aV-H$aV {Znmn AV:H$aU O~ hmo` V~ ^w_| T> r{V hmo`.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, `mH$mo AWmZwgYmZnydH$ {Z` nmR> H$[adogy _mJ_| {M hmo`
Amoa ^pV_mJu` AmMm`mam eaUmJ{V hmo`dogy ^w_| T>a{V, BVZo ag^md`wV
Zoh hmo`&&11&&
B{V lrdb^MmÒr{da{MV "^pVd{Zr'H$s
Jmodm_r lrZqghbmbOr_hmamO {da{MV
dO^mfm_| g{jV Q>rH$m g_mV ^B&&
A~ Cnghma H$aV h|:

Bò d
^JdN>m
Jy T >Vd
{Z${nV_ &&
` EVV g_Yr`rV V`m{n `mX T>m a{V:&&11&&
&& B{V lr_b^mMm`{da{MVm ^pVd{Zr gnyUm &&
Bòd=`m H$magy
^JdN>m=^JdVemHo$
{Z${nV={Z$nU ^`mo
JyT>Vd=JyT>VdH$mo
(_`m=_oao mam)
A{n=h
^pVd{YZr
327
^pVd{YZr
328
&&ObôX:&&
(17)
AnZo (nw{>_mJu`-dUdZHw$) go` lrH$U Ho$db ^md H$[aHo$ {h
mV hmo` gHo$ h|. {dZm ^mdgy gnm{XV kmZm{XH$h ^wmpV_| ~mYH$ h| gmo
lr^mJdVm{XH$ g~ JWZ_| {d{XV ho. Vmgy ^mda{hV H${V, AZoh ({dZm
KVHo$) ^moOZH$s ZmB \$bgnmXH$ Zht hmo`dogy lrAmMmÒr _hm^wOr
{ZOOZHo$ Cna H$nm H$[aHo$ {dZHo$ ^mdH$s d{ hmo`doHo${bò Amn ^mdH$mo
{Z$nU H$[adoH$s {Vkm H$aV h|.
Z_H $ ` h[a dò VX J w U mZm {dô X H$mZ &
^mdmZ qde{VYm {^ZmZ gd - gXo h -dmaH$mZ &&1&&
h[a=lrh[aHw$
Z_H$`=Z_Z H$[aHo$
VXJwUmZm={dZHo$ JwUZHo$
{dôXH$mZ={dôX H$[adodmao
qde{VYm=~rg H$maHo$
{^ZmZ={^Z-{^Z
gdgXohdmaH$mZ=g~ gXoh
Xya H$[adodmao
^mdmZ=^mdZHw$
dò=H$hJmo
^mdmW : ^yZHw$ Z_Z H$[aHo$ ^pVHo$ gmYZ_| Omo-Omo gXoh h| {dZHw$

{_Q>m`dodmao; Amoa aOmoJwU, V_moJwU Amoa gdJwU {dZHw$ {Zdm H$[adodmao
`mao-`mao ~rg H$maHo$ ^mdZH$m| _| AmJo {Z$nU H$$ h.
Q>rH$m : BVZo Ord ^wHw$ Z_Z {dZm Amoa H$m` Zht H$a gHo$ ho Ego OVm`doHo${bò
Amn W_ Z_Z H$[adoH$s Amkm H$aV h|. ""VXJwUmZm {dôXH$mZ'' `m _ybHo$
dm`Ho$ Xmo-Mma AW hmo` gHo$ h|.
Oog| ^yZHo$ Omo gdg_dm{X JwU {dZHo$ {_Q>m`dodmao ^md h|. BVZo ^V
`{X ^mdHw$ ~T>m`H|$ ^pV H$ao Vmo ^w AmnwZmo gdg_d$n Omo JwU ho VmHw$
ObôX:
329
N>m{S>Ho$ dm OrdHo$ Cna nyU H$nm H$ao h|. gmo ~mV lrJrVmOr_| ""_ gdmUrZHw$
g_mZ h. _oao H$moC ew Amoa {_ `{n Zmht h| Vmoh Omo _oamo{h ÔZ H$ao ho gmo
_oao_| ho Amoa {dZ_| _ h'' Egr Amkm n> H$ar ho. AWdm OrdHo$ Omo Y_ dm_|
{dbjUVm H$[adodmao AWdm ^wHo$ Omo JwU {dZH$mo AmH$fU H$[aHo$ Ord_|
{XIm`dodmao g~ ^md h|. Ego `m dm`Ho$ AZoH$ H$maHo$ AW lrH$`mUamÒr
^{V ~mbH$ZZo {H$ò h|. "^md'eXHo$ `{n AZoH$ AW hmo` h|, Vmoh `hm Vmo
Zoh Amoa Vmgy hmo`dodmar AdWm hr "^md'eXgy OmZZr. `m| Omo ZmQ>mMm`
âV_w{Z ^VrZZo "^md'H$mo AW Zoh$n hr {H$`mo ho. gmo ""a{Va Xodm{X{df`m
^md B{V A{^Yr`Vo'' (Xodm{XH$Z_| Omo a{V=r{V ho VmHw$ "^md' H$ho h|) `m
dm`gy H$mo ho. JwUZHo$ ôX H$[aHo$ do ^md ~rg H$maHo$ h|. O~ ^w_| ^md
~T>o V~ Amn{h gdgXoh Z> hmo` Om` h|. Vmgy _yb_| "gdgXohdmaH$mZ' Ego
H$mo ho&&1&&
doXH$s V{mar` lw{V_| ""Hy$`m` dmhm'' dhmgy bo`H|$ ""gdm`
dmhm'' (H$UÒwd}X V.g.7&4&12) dhm VmB ObHo$ ôXH$mo {Z$nU ho. Vm
_mU JwUh ôXHw$ mV hmo` h| gmo H$hV h|.
JwUôXmVw VmdVmo `mdVmo {h Obo _Vm&
`mdV={OVZo
(ôXm=ôX)
Obo=ObHo$ {df`_|
_Vm=_mZo Jò h|
VmdV=CVZo,
Vw=hr
JwUôXm=JwUZHo$ ôX
(gpV=h|){h=hr
^mdmW : ""Hy$`m` dmhm Hy$`m` dmhm'' (H$UÒwd}X V.g.7&4&12)

B`m{X V{mar` g{hVm_| ObHo$ {OVZo ôX H$ho h| CVZohr lrh[aHo$ JwUZHo$ ôX
h| `h {ZM` ho.
Q>rH$m : {OVZo ObHo$ ôX V{mar` lw{V_| {Vnm{XV h| {dVZo {h ^mdHo$ h ôX
ObôX:
330
h|. Oog| Ob_| Vmn{ZdVH$nZmo, ew{ H$[adonZmo, nw{> H$[adoH$mo B`m{X JwU h|
Ego JwU ^md_| h h| Eg| OVm`doHo${bò ObH$mo >mV ho&&
^wHw$ Jm`Z {deof {` hmo`dogy W_ Jm`H$Ho$ ^mdH$mo {Z$nU H$aV
h|:
Jm`H$m Hy $ ng>mem "JYdm ' B{V {dlw V m&&2&&
Hy $ nô X mVw `mdVg VmdVg Vo @ {n g_Vm&&
Jm`H$h nwfmom_, {dZH$s {d^y{V, JwUmdVma, Amoa Aem{XH$ZH$s brbmHo$

ôXH$[aHo$ JmZ H$ao h|. Vog| hr gdm{XH$ JwUZHo$ ôXH$[aHo$ H$moC AH$m_, H$moC
_mojH$m_, H$moC dJH$m_ Amoa H$moC bm{H$H$ H$m_Zmdmao h|. Vmgy {dZH$mo ^md
Hy$nHo$ ObH$s Vw` ho. BZ ^mdZH$mo {ddaU H${nbXodOrZo XodhVrOrHw$ lr^mJdVHo$
VVr`H$Y_| H$sZmo ho. Vmgy{h (^mdHo$ ôXgy {h) ^pVHo$ h 82 H$ma hmo`
h| gmo lr^wMaUZZo "^pVhgm{XH$'_| {Z$nU {H$ò h|: ""ldUm{X ZdH$h
A{YH$m[aHo$ ôXgy H$_, kmZ, CnmgZm Amoa ^pV_mJu`nZHo$ ôXgy AZoH$
H$maHo$ hmo` h|'' B`m{X.
A~ `hmgy {Vr` Amoa V{V` ^mdH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
JYdm=JYd
B{V=`m|
{dlwVm={g
Jm`H$m=Jm`Z H$[adodmao
Hy$ng>mem=Hy$dmHo$ ObHo$ Oogo h|
`mdV:={OVZ|
Hy$nôXm=Hy$dmHo$ ôX
VmdV={dVZ|
Vo=do, A{n=h
g_Vm=_mZo Jò h|
^mdmW : JmZ H$[adodmao "JYd'Ho$ Zm_gy {g h|. do Jm`H$ Hy$nHo$ Oogo h|.
do g~ Jm`H|$ Vw` Zht h|. {H$Vw {OVZo Hy$dmHo$ ôX h| {dVZo hr Jm`H$ZHo$ ôX
h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo Hy$nHo$ ObH$sZmB {dZ Jm`H$ZH$mo ^md ho. Hy$nH$mo Ob erVH$mb_|
CU Amoa CUH$mb_| erVb aho ho, VmnHw$ Xya H$ao ho Amoa `` H$[adogy AmN>mo
hmo` ho Eg| BZ Jm`H$ZH$mo ^mdh OS> nwfH$s OS>VmHw$ {_Q>mdo ho, ggmaHo$ Vmngy
VV ^ò nwfZHo$ VmnHw$ {Zdm H$ao ho Amoa JmZ H$adogy ~T>o ho VWm AmN>mo hmo`
ho. aOw (agm) H$[aHo$ Oogo Hy$dmH$mo Ob JhU {H$`mo Om` ho Eg| JmZ H$[aHo$
hr Jm`H$Ho$ ^mdH$mo JhU H$[adoH$mo A{^m` `hm XrIo ho. do g~ Jm`H|$ Vw`
Zht h|. {H$Vw {OVZo Hy$dmHo$ ôX h| {dVZo hr Jm`H$ZHo$ ôX h|. BVZo, Oog| H$moC
Hy$dmH$mo Ob Imamo hmo`, H$moCH$mo \$sH$mo hmo`, H$moCH$mo {VV Ob hmo`, H$moC
n[aUm__| gwI Xo`dodmao hmo` Amoa H$moC n[aUm__| XwI Xo`dodmamo hmo` ho; Vog|
ObôX:
331
Hw $ `m nm a m{UH$m mo Vm nman` ` w V m ^w { d&&3&&

jo -{d>mg Vo Mm@{n g g mamo n{m-ho V d&&
^w{d=^yVbno
nman``wVm=nanamgy `wV
nmam{UH$m=nwamUH$Wm H$[adodmao
Hw$`m=Zha
moVm=H$ho Jò h|
Vo M=Amoa do
A{n=h
(`{X=Omo)
jo{d>m=IoV_| {d>
(V{h=Vmo)
ggmamon{mhoVd=AhVm__VmH$mo H$maU ~Zo h|
^mdmW : H${_ ZXr "Hw$`m' Zm_gy {g ho. dmH$s ZmB nmam{UH$ h| gmo
nman``wV h|. eara Amoa rH$mo dmMH$ "jo' eX ho. Vmgy do nmam{UH$ Omo
Xoh{Zdmh AWdm r-Hw$Qw>~m{XH$ Ho${bò nwamU ~m{MdoH$mo H$m` H$a| Vmo doh
ggmamon{mHo$ H$maU$n hmo` h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo Obme`gy bo`H|$ jon`V Hw$`m nanamJV Obdmh`wV hmo`
ho. Eg| hr nwamUHo$ AW am{Ido_| nmam{UH$ nanamgy AWH$mo gL>Jh H$[adodmao
ObôX:
332
hmo` h|. gXJw$ZHo$ nmg CnXoe JhUH$[aHo$ nwamUHo$ AWHw$ Jwgm| nT>o h|. n[a
Omo nwamUnmR>r gXJwgm| CnXoe JhU{H$ò {~Zm Amoa gXJwgm| AW OmZo {~Zm,
lr^mJdVm{XH$_| ^mfm` Amoa Amgwa`m_mohm{X brbm d{UV ho VmHo$ AkmZgy
nwamUH$mo AW g_Pmdo Vmo dmgy H$moC AW {g Zmqh hmoV ho. Vmgy Jw$nXoem{XH$H$s
nmam{UH$ZHw$ A`md`H$Vm aho ho. Vm {~Zm H$Wm H$ao Vmo gmo H$Wm lmoVmHw$ \$b
Xo`dodmar Zmqh hmo` ho. Oog| H${_ ZXr (Zhoa) {V{XZ `Z H$[adogy (AWmV
~S>o Obme` AWdm ~S>r ZXr gy Ob {_{bdono hr) AmN>r ar{Vgy ~ho ho Vog|
nmam{UH$Hw$h {ZaVa nwamUHo$ nmR> H$[adogy ^mdH$mo CX` hmo` ho, A`Wm Zmht
hmoV ho Eg|h `mnogy Om`mo Om` ho&&3&&
eara Amoa rH$mo dmMH$ "jo' eX ho. Vmgy do nmam{UH$ Omo Xoh{Zdmh
AWdm r-Hw$Qw>~m{XH$Ho${bò nwamU ~m{MdoH$mo H$m` H$a| Vmo doh ggmamon{mHo$
H$maU$n hmo` h|. BVZo, Oog| Hw$`mH$mo Ob jo_| Om` Vmo Ym` CnZ H$[ado_|
g_W hmo` ho Vog| nmam{UH$h d{mHo${bò nwamU dmMZ H$ao Amoa ^rVa ^mda{hV
hmo` Vmo lmoVmHw$ ggmaH$s Cn{mHo$ H$maU ~Zo h|. Oogo nmam{UH$ r-Hw$Qw>~m{XH$Ho$
nmofUmWhr nwamUH$mo Cn`moJ H$ao Amoa Amn dm_mU Mbo Zm{h Vmo ggmaH$s
Cn{mHo$ H$maU hm|` Vog| nyd bmoH$_| H$ho Jm`H$ ^{Vh `{X r-nwm{XH$Ho${bò
JmZ H$a| Vmo doh ggmamon{mHo$ H$maU$n hm|` Eg| _ybHo$ "A{n' eXgy gy{MV
hmo` ho.
A~ MVwW-nM_ ^mdH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
do `m{X-g{hVm _mm Jm`H$m "JV ' gpkVm&&4&&
ObmW _ o d
JVm Vw
ZrMm
JmZmo n Or{dZ&&
do`m{Xg{hVm=do`m Am{XHo$ g JmZmonOr{dZ=Jm`Zgy
_mm=C_m, Jm`H$m=Jm`H|$
AmOr{dH$m Mbm`dodmao,
JVgpkVm=JS>T>oHo$ g_mZ
Vw=Vmo, ObmW_od=ObHo$ AW
{H$M=Amoa, ZrMm=ZrM
JVm=JS>T>mHo$ Oogo OmZZo
ObôX:
333
^mdmW : Jm`H$ Omo do`m{X`wV hm|`, _X_| _m hm|` {dZH$mo ^md JmHo$
ObH$s Vw` hmo` ho. JmZH$[aHo$ {h AmOr{dH$m H$[adodmao ZrM nwfZH$mo ^md
CpN>> (OyR>o) Obg_mZ
hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo ""Oog| dmamJZmH$mo Amoa rH$mo ggJ H$[adodmaoZHo$ ggy _moh Amoa
~Y hmo` ho Vog| `m OrdHw$ AmoaHo$ g_| Zmqh hmo` ho'' Eg| lrH${nbXodOrZo
Amkm H$ar ho. Vmgy do`m{XH$ZH$mo g _hm~mYH$ ho. rH$mo g H$[aHo$h Omo
^wH$mo ÔZ H$ao Vmo AmN>mo hmo` gHo$ naVw do ÔZ (godm)h Zmqh H$a| h|. `m|
Omo _m h|. Vmgy {dZHw$ dm{_-godH$^mdH$mo AZwgYmZ Zmqh aho ho. Ego
Jm`H$ lrH$UHo$ JwUH$mo JmZ `{X H$ao h| Vmo gmoh _mhm` Om{ZHo$ Zmqh H$a|
h| {H$Vw Cm_ da Amoa JrV _| de hmo`H|$ H$ao h|. Vmgy {dZH$mo ^md ImS>mHo$
ObH$sZmB H$bw{fV _m`mo Om` ho. naVw Omo {Z_ga hmo`H|$ ^wHo$ JwUJmZ
H$[adodmao h| {dZH$mo ^md Vmo Hy$nHo$ ObH$s Vw` OmZZmo&&4&&
JmZH$[aHo$ {h AmOr{dH$m H$[adodmao ZrM nwfZH$mo ^md CpN>> (OyR>o)
Obg_mZ hmo` ho. BVZo OyR>o ~mgZ ^{V Imgm H$a| V~ g~ OyR>mo Ob Om
ImS>m_| O_m hmo` ho dm ImS>mH$mo Ob Oogo ew{ H$[adoHo$ H$m`_| A`mo` hmoV
ho Vog| JmZmonOrdr ZrM nwfZH$mo ^mdh gnwfZHw$ AmXa H$[ado`mo` Zmqh hmoV
ho.
A~ f>-gV_ ^mdH$mo {Z$nU >mVnydH$ H$aV h|:
XmVw npS>Vm: mo Vm ^JdN>m-Vnam&&5&&
gXo h -dmaH$mg V gy X m J^ra-_mZgm&
ObôX:
334
^JdN>mVnam=^JdV em_| Vna V=CZ_|

npS>Vm=npS>V|, Vw=Vmo
J^ra-_mZgm=J^ra _ZHo$
Xm=Am|S>o Obdmamo ImS>m
gXoh-dmaH$m=gXoh Xya H$[adodmao
moVm=H$ho Jò h|
gyXm=gwXa ObHo$ Hw$S>Ho$ g_mZh|
^mdmW : ^JdN>m, Omo lr^mJdV-JrVm B`m{X, Vm_| Vna Ego Omo
npS>V bmoJ h| {dZH$mo ^md X (Xh)Ho$ ObH$s Vw` ho. J^ra ho _Z {OZH$mo
BVZo AV{Z>mdmao Amoa ^JdN>m_| gXohHw$ {_Q>m`dodmao Omo npS>V h|
{dZH$mo ^md AmN>o Obdmao XH$s Vw` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo ZXr ^{V_| Ohm Ob ~hmoV Am|S>mo {ZaVa ahoVmo hmo` dmHw$ "X'
H$mo Om` ho. X_| Oog| Ob {ZaVa erVb aho ho Amoa ndm{XH$ZHo$ doenmZm{XH$gyh _{bZ Zmqh hmo` ho Vog| npS>V dVmZH$mo ^mdh gmgm[aH$ Vmngy
VV Zmqh hmo` ho Amoa Hw$VH$m{XH$gy h ee`dmamo Zmqh hmo` ho -Egmo OVm`doH$o {bò
ObHo$ XH$mo >mV `hm lr_hm^wOrZo
Xr`mo ho&&5&&
J^ra ho _Z {OZH$mo BVZo AV{Z>mdmao Amoa ^JdN>m_| gXohHw$
{_Q>m`dodmao Omo npS>V h| {dZH$mo ^md AmN>o Obdmao XH$s Vw` ho. BVZo Oog|
~hmoV gwXa ObH$mo BH$R>mo g_wXm` Xo{Idogm| hr _ZHw$ gZ H$[adodmamo hmo`
ho Vog| `m bmoH$_| H$ho Ego npS>Vh _ZHo$ gd gXohZHw$ {_Q>m`H|$ _ZHw$ gZ
H$[adodmao h| Eg| g_OZmo.
A~ A>_-Zd_ ^mdH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h| :
ga-H$_b-gny U m o _ `w Vmg VWm ~w Y m&&6&&
Anlw V m o _ `w Vm "do e Vm' n[aH$s{V V m&&
o_`wVm=o_`wV
o_`wVm=o_`wV
ObôX:
335
VWm=Amoa, ~wYm=km{Z
H$_bgnyUm=H$_bgy ^`m} ^`mo
ga=gamoda Oogo
AnlwVm=Ankm{Z
doeVm=N>moQ>o VbmdHo$ Oogo
n[aH$s{VVm=H$ho h|
^mdmW : nydbmoH$_| H$ho Ego AV{Z>mdmao Amoa gXohHw$ {Zdm H$[adodmao

npS>Vh `{X ^w_| o_dmao hm|` Vmo H$_bgm| `wV VbmdHo$ ObH$s Vw`
{dZH$mo ^md OmZZmo. ^wHo$ {dfo o_dmao Amoa emHo$ Wmoao A``Zdmao nwf
"doeV' (N>moQ>o Vbmd) Oogo ^mddmao hmo` h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo Om_| H$_b \w$pbV hmo` aho h| Ego VbmdH$mo Ob XeZ_mgy{h
gd Bp`ZHw$ gwI H$[adodmamo hmo` ho, dm Ob_| gwJY ~hmoV hmo`dogy ^_am{XH$
h H$_bno Amdo h| Amoa ~hmoV gwXa Ob hmo`dogy gmag ^{V njrh dmHo$
gmX`Hw$ ~T>m`dodmao hmo` h| Vog| AV{Z>mdmao npS>V, gd gXohHw$ {_Q>m`dodmao
npS>V Amoa ^w_| o_dmaoZ H$mo ^mdh Ego ObH$s Vw` hmo` ho&&6&&
^wH$o {dfo o_dmao Amoa emHo$ Wmoao A``Zdmao nwf "doeV' (N>mQo >Vo bmd)
Oogo ^mddmao hmo` h|. BVZo N>moQ>o VbmdH$mo Ob ~hmoV new ^{VHo$ AmH$_UH$[aHo$
H$bw{fV hmo` ho Vog|, do nw$f `{n o_dmao h| Vmoh emm`Z ~hmoV Zmqh
hmo`dogy, Xwgm{XH$ Xmof hmo` Om` Vmo {dZH$mo ^md jrU hmo` Om` ho Eg|
OVm`doHo${bò N>moQ>o Vbmd Oogmo {dZH$mo ^md H$mo ho.
A~ Xe_-EH$mXe_ ^mdH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
H$_ e w m ndbm{Z VWmn-lw V -^V`&&7&&
`mo J -`mZm{X-g ` w Vm Jw U m d`m H$s{V V m&&
H$_ewm:=H$_ZHo$ mam ew
`moJ`mZm{Xg`wVm:=`moJ,`mZ
VWm=Amoa, An-lwV-^V`:= Am{Xgw gnZ, JwUm:=JwU|
ObôX:
336
An kmZ Amoa ^pVdmao

ndbm{Z=N>moQ>r Vb`m Oogo h|
d`m=dfmH$mo Ob
H$s{VVm=H$ho Om` h|
^mdmW : H$_H$[aHo$ ew naVw emm``Z VWm ^pV {OZH$s An ho

{dZH$mo ^md A{VN>moQ>o VbmdHo$ ObH$s Vw` OmZZmo. `moJ, `mZ Am{XH$[aHo$
g`wV nwfZHo$ ^md d{>ObHo$ g_mZ {JZo Om` h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, {deof N>moQ>o VbmdHo$ Ob Oogo do dVmh H$_H$[aHo$ BdaHw$
AnUH$a| Vmgy {dZH$mo {Mm ew hmo` Om` ho. naVw N>mQ>o Vbmd_| Oog| damh
^{V {\$a| V~ g~ Ob H$sM`wV hmo`Ho$ nmZ H$[ado bm`H$ Zmqh aho ho Vog|
{dZ dVmH$mo ^md- ""A{hmoHw$ hmo_|'' ""dJH$s H$m_Zmdmamo ApZ>mo_ `mJ
H$ao'' B`m{X lw{VHo$ dm`Zgy gH$m_Hw$ `mJH$mo A{YH$ma ho, Om_| \$bH$mo
ldU Z hmo` dm_|h {dd{OV`m`gy \$bH$s H$nZm hmo` gHo$ ho Vmgy H$_
BdaHw$ AnU H$[adoHo${bò H$[adoH$mo Zmqh ho {H$Vw \$bHo${bò ho, Amoa OmHw$
`mJ H$[adoH$mo A{YH$ma Zht ho gmo{h ^pVH$mo A{YH$mar ho B`m{XH$ H$_OS>H$s
AgX (ImoQ>r)~mVZHo$ A{^{Zdoegy-H$bw{fV (_{bZ) hmo` Om` ho. {dZH$mo
^md Egmo `m| hmo` Om` ho gmo H$hV h| Omo ""_oao {bò H$_ H$[adodmamo hmo'' ""_oao
{bò H$_ H$[adogy {h Vw {g{Hw$ mV hmo`Jmo'' ""_ao_| _ZHw$ YmaU H$a''
B`m{X-^yZHo$ lr_wIHo$ dm`Ho$ AkmZgy {dZH$mo ^md Egmo hmo` Om` ho.
"ndb' Amoa "doeV' ò Xmo n`m` eX h| Vmoh ""doeVo` dmhm
ndbo` dmhm'' `m ar{Vgy doX_| nWH$ {JZo h| Vmgy `hm lrAmMmÒrZoh
nWH$ >mV$n _mZo h|. Vmgy ObHo$ dmXHo$ ôXgy `hm {dZH$mo ôX g_OZmo&&7&&
A~ `mah_| ^mdH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|: `moJ, `mZ Am{XH$[aHo$ g`wV
nwfZHo$ ^md d{>ObHo$ g_mZ {JZo Om` h|. BVZo, d{>H$mo Ob O~ ndrno {Jao
ho V~ gd Xoe_| `mV hmo` Om` ho, gd Wb_| gwb^ ar{Vgy {_{b gHo$ ho,
Amoa jom{X_| nS>o Vmo AmN>mo Ym` h CnZ H$[a gHo$ ho. Vog| hr `moJrHw$ h Oogo
`moJ H$aVr {~ar`m {dZH$mo ^md gH$b Xoh, Bp` ^VrZHw$ `mV hmo` Om`
ObôX:
337
ho Vog| gnmHw$ `moJm`mg H$amdo Vmo dg_mZ (AmnHo$ ^mdH$s Vw`) ^mdHw$
CnZ H$[a gHo$ ho.
A~ ~mah_| ^mdH$mo {VnmXZ H$aV h|.
Vnmo - kmZm{X-^mdo Z do X OmVw H$s{V V m&&8&&
VnmokmZm{X^mdoZ=Vn, kmZ Am{X ^mdZgw (g`wVm=g`wV)
Vw=Vmo, doXOm=ngrZmHo$ g_mZ, H$s{VVm=H$ho Om` h|
^mdmW : "Vn' BVZo nMmpZ ^{VHw$ ghZ H$aZmo Amoa "kmZ' BVZo Ord Amoa
Bda Ho$ d$nHw$ OmZZmo. gmo Ego Vnmo_mJu, kmZ_mJu dVmZHo$ ^md ngrZmHo$
ObH$s ~am~a OmZZo.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, {H$VZoH$ bmoJ Vngy{h ^wH$s AmamYZm H$[adoH$mo H$ho h|.
{H$VZoH$ ""dm ~Hw$ Om{Zdodmao _mojHw$ mV hmo` ho'' B`m{X lwVrZH$mo gmMmo
AW (^md) Zmqh Om{Zdodmao kmZgy{h _moj {_bdoH$s ~mV H$aV h|. naVw
lr^mJdVHo$ ""YZ Hw$b $n em ~b VoO Vmn nwfmW Amoa ~w{ ^{V
^wHw$ gZ H$[adodmao Zmqh ho. {H$Vw JOoH$s ^pV Xo{IHo${h ^wZo H$nm
H$ar ho. Vmgy ^pVH$[aHo$ {h ^w gZ hmo` h| Eg| _| OmZw h'' Amoa ""lo`Hw$
ddodmar AmnH$s ^pVHw$ N>mo{S>Ho$ Ho$db kmZ gnmXZ_|{h Omo boeHw$ YmaU
H$ao ho {VZHw$, Vwf ({N>bH$m) Hy$Q>dodmaoHw$ Oog| MmoIm H$moC {XZ Zht {_bo ho Vog|
dmHw$, ^JdmZ boe hr Xo`dodmao hmo` h|'' B`m{X dm`Z_| {~Zm ^pV Ho$db
kmZ Amoa Ho$db Vn VWm "Am{X'eX _yb_| ho Vmgy dUml_Ho$ Y_ g~ `W
`mg$n {Jò h|. ^Jdg~Ygm| a{hV dUml_Y_H$s lr^mJdV_| {ZXm
H$[a ho. Vmgy ^wH$s ^pV _w` ho. dmHw$ N>m{S>Ho$ Vn Amoa kmZ _| {Z>mdmao
dVmZHo$ ^md ngrZmH|$ ObH$sZmB, Ho$db boeHw${h mV hmo` h|. ngrZmH$mo
Ob Oogo ZmZ, AmM_Z, Vmn {_Q>m`do_| Amoa A` H$m`ZHo$ Cn`moJ_| Zmqh
Amdo ho {H$Vw Ho$db boeHw$ Xododmamo hmo` ho Vog| {dZ dVmZH$mo ^md h
ObôX:
338
XodmwnmgZmoX^yVm=Xod Am{XZH$s CnmgZmgy CnZ

^y_o=^y{_gy
Bd=Oogo
CXJVm:=CnZ hmo`dodmao
ndm=AmogHo$ Ob Oogo
g_OZmo&&9&&
A~ Voahd| ^mdH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
Abm { H$Ho $ Z kmZo Z ò Vw mo Vm hao a Jw U m&
H$mXm{MH$m eXmJ`m nVN>Xm: H$s{VVm&&9&&
Abm{H$Ho$Z=Abm{H$H$gy
kmZoZ=kmZgy (`wVm=`wV)
H$mXm{MH$m=H$^r-H$^r
hmo`dodmao, Vw=Vmo
eXJ`m=eXgy OmZo OmVo
ò=Omo
hao=h[aHo$
JwUm=JwU (Vo=dmo)
nVN>Xm=nS>dogw hmoVo AdmO
H$s{VVm=H$ho Om` h|
^mdmW : _hXZwJhnydH$ mV {H$`mo Omo AbmH${H$ kmZ VmH$[aHo$, H$Xm{MV

VrV hmo`dodmao Amoa doXgy Om{Zdo_| Am`dodmao, ^wHo$ JwUZHw$ Omo H${hdodmao h|
{dZH$mo ^md ndVm{Xgy nS>Vo PaZm Oogo hmo` h|.
Q>rH$m : ndVm{Xgw nS>Vmo PaZmH$mo Ob Oogo Xyagy dmH$s d{Z gw{ZHo$ Om{Zdo_|
AmdV ho Amoa H$Xm{MV hr Vr{V_| AmdV ho Vog| hr BZ dVmHo$ ^mdh g_PZo.
Amoa YmamH$mo Ob Oog| {Z_b, erVb, _mYw`dmamo Amoa ZmZ-AmM_Z-nmZ
H$[ado_| _Zmoha, VmnHw$ {_Q>m`dodmamo hmo` ho Vog| hr Ego dVmZHo$ mam hmoVo
^JdXJwUH$sVZ h hmoVo h|.
A~ MmXhd| ^mdH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
Xo d mw n mgZmo X ^ y V m
n dm
ObôX:
339
^mdmW ObôX:ObôX:: Xodm{XH$ZH$s CnmgZmH$[aHo$ CnZ hmo`dodmao ^md

ndrnogy {ZH$go Ob~wX~wX AWdm {h_H$U g_mZ hmo` h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo Omo _Zw` Xodm{XH$Ho$ nyOZ_|{h ""_| ^wH$mo ÔZ H$ h'' Eg|
_m{Zdodmao h|, Amoa _yb_| "Am{X'eX ho Vmgy {nV, _mV ^{VZH$s godmHw$h
^JdXÔZVnm{V {JZdodmao h|, {dZH$mo ^md {h_H$U AWdm Obno hmo`dodmao
~wX~wX Oogmo g_OZmo. `m| Omo Xodm{XH$ZH$s CnmgZmgy {d^y{VH$mo AmamYZ hmo`,
{nVm ^{VZH$s godmH$mo \$b dJm{XH$ ho Amoa ^wH$s ^pVH$mo \$b Vmo
d$nmZX$n ho. Vmgy Xodm{XH$H$s ^pV_| Amoa ^w^pV_| Omo ~S>mo AVa ho.
dmHo$ AkmZgy do Xodm{XH$H$s CnmgZm H$ao h| gmo {dZH$s ^mpV ho. Amoa Omo
_hmnwfZH$mo Amoa ^VZH$mo nyOZ H$[adoH$s lr^mJdV^{V emZ_| Amkm
Xo{Ido_| Amdo ho gmo Vmo ^Jdr{V, ew{ ^{VHo$ gmYH$ hmo`dogy Xo{Ido_|
Amdo ho. dm AmkmHw$ nyd Xodm{XnyOZgy {^Z _mZZr. `m| Omo Oogo ^Vm{XHo$
nyOZ_| nwfmom_H$s ^pVH$mo gmYH$nZmo ho Vog| Xodm{XH$Ho$ nyOZ_| Zht hmo`dogy
dmHw$ ^mpVH$pnV {J`mo ho. Vmgy nwfmom_H$s mpVHw$ BN>ddo maoZH $w nwfmom_H$mo
ÔZ (godm) {h _w` ho. gmo ~mV _mUnwaga Q>rH$mJWZ_| {Z${nV ho. gmo
JWHo$ {dVmaHo$ ^`gy `hm {bIo Zht ho. Oog| VwfmaH$U AWdm Ob~wX~wX
ZmZ, AmM_Z Amoa nmZm{X _| Cn`wV Zht hmo` h| Vog| Xodm{XH$Hw$ nyOdodmaoZH$mo
^mdh nwfmom_H$s mpV_| AZwn`wV hmo`dogy Ob ~wX~wXH$mo Xm>mpVH$ `WmW
hmo` ho.
nMXe_ ^mdH$mo A~ {Z$nU H$aV h|:
^y _ o a
Bdmo X J Vm&
gmYZm{XH$mao U
ZdYm
^pV_mJ V &&10&&
o _ ny `m \w $ a_m `X_mZm H$s{V V m&&
ObôX:
340
gmYZm{XH$maoU=gmYZm{XH$ZHo$H$magy (`wVdmV=`wV hmo`dogy)

ZdYm^pV_mJV=ZdYm^pV_mJgy
o_ny`m=o_gy n[anyU hmo`
\w$a_m=OmHw$^JdmZHo$ Y_ \w$[aV ^ò h|dmo

`X_mZm={ZPaHo$ ObHo$ g_mZ
H$s{VVm=H$ho Jò h|
^mdmW : dUml_m{XY_$n gmYZ nydH$ ZdH$maH$s ^pV$n _mJgy, o_nyU

hmo`dogy, {OZH$m| ^wHo$ Y_H$s \w$Vu hmo` EgoZH$mo ^md ndVm{Xnogy {JaVo
ObH$s Vw` ho.
Q>rH$m : `mH$mo n>mW `h ho Omo Om OrdH$mo ^wZo _`mXm_| ArH$ma {H$`mo hmo`
gmo g~ H$m_ZmHw$ N>m{S>Ho$ O~ dUml_Y_H$mo AmMaU H$ao V~ Vmgy dmHo$
AVH$aU ew hmo` h| Amoa V~ dmHw$ ^wH$s ^pV hr nwfmW$n ho Egr ~w{
hmo` ho. gmo dmo nydm}VgmYZHo$ {dMmagy {h ldUm{X_| `mg H$ao ho. EgoZH$mo
^md dUHo$ ObH$s Vw` ho. BVZo ndVHo$ Cna d{> hmo`dogy AWdm ndVno
Vbmd ^{V Obme` hmo`dogy Vm ndVn|gm| dUH$mo Ob ~hmoV {Jao ho Amoa
{dZHo$ A^md_| H$_Vr {Jao ho. Vog| nyd H$o ^mddmao dVmZ_| h gmYZ Amoa
{Mm H$s ewm{XH$H$s Anojmgy ^mdH$mo d{-mg hmo` ho Ego g_OZmo. gmo
~mV lr^wMaUZo "^pVhg' JW_| H${h ho Omo
""mW{_H$ (n{hbmo) Vmo ^pVHo$ gmYZ (ldU-H$sVZm{X)_| dm
hmo` ho. `m| Omo ^wmam dmH$mo _`mXm_| {h ArH$ma ^`mo ho. gmoh Ohm VmB
^w_| Zoh CnZ ^`mo hmo` Vhm VmB _`mXm_| a{hHo$ godm H$ao ho. ^w_| Zoh
^ò nmN>| Vmo g~ CnMma Zoh nydH $ hmo`do bJ Om` ho, V~ {d{YH$mo A`moOH$nZmo
hmo` ho''.
Eg| EH$mXeH$Y_| h ""lm_ V H$Wm`m_ ' ' `hm g y bo ` H| $
""H$mo`mo@Wm}`md{e`Vo'' `hm VmB_| h {Z$nU {H$`mo ho. ZdYm^pV Vmo
1
ldU, 2{H$VZ,3_aU, 4nmXgodZ, 5AMZ, 6dXZ, 7Xm`, 8g` Amoa
9
Am_{ZdoXZ gmo mXOrZo X`nwZH$m| gV_H$Y_|H${hho.
ObôX:
341
A~ gmobhd| ^mdH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:

`memg Vmem moVm d{-j`-{dd{OVm&&11&&
Wmdamg Vo g_m`mVm _`m X H $-{V{>Vm&
`mem=Om H$maHo$
moVm=H$ho
Vmem=Vm H$maHo$ (`{X=Omo)
d{-j`-{dd{OVm=d{Amoa j` gy a{hV
_`mXH$-{V{>Vm:=Ho$db _`mXm_|
aho ^ò(^do`w=hm|`,
V{h=Vmo)Vo=do
Wmdam=pWa Ob Oogo
g_m`mVm=H$ho Om` h|
^mdmW : AmJo Omo dVm H$ho CZH$mo o_ d{-mg`wV H$mo. Ego d{ Amoa
j` (`wZVm) {OZHo$ ^Jdo__| Zmht hmoV ho Amoa {OZH$mo Ho$db _`mXm_|{h
ArH$ma ho EgZH$mo ^md Wmda (pWa) ObHo$ Vw` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo Oog| pWa amo Ob ~hmoV Vmn nS>dogy gyIo Zht ho Amoa ZmZm{X
g~ H$m`_| Cn`moJr hmo` ho Vog| {OZH$mo pWa o_ ho {dZH$mo ^md h ggmaVmn
Amoa Hw$VH$m{XH$ gy H$_Vr Zht hmo` ho Amoa ewm{XH$H$mo hoVw ho.
A~ ghd| ^mdHw$ \w$Q> H$aV h|:
AZo H $-O_-g { gm O_-^ { V gd X m&&12&&
gm{X-Jw U -Xmo f m`m
d { -j``w V m
^w { d&
{ZaVamo X J _`w V m Zg Vo n[aH$s{V V m&&13&&
AZoH$O_g{gm=AZoH$ O_gy- d{-j``wVm=d{ Amoa j` dmao
ObôX:
342
Cm_ {g{Hw$ mV
O_^{V=O_gy boHo$
^w{d=npd_|, gdXm=h_|em
gm{XJwUXmofm`m=gB`m{X JwU-XmofZgy
(qH$M=Amoa) {ZaVamoXJ_`wVm=
{ZaVa O_bododmao
(ò `m`mVJwUm=Omo `m`m H$ado
dmaoZHo$ JwU)Vo=dmo,Z:=Z{X g_mZ
n[aH$s{VVm=H$ho Om` h|
^mdmW : AZoH$ O_ H$[aHo$ AmN>rar{Vgy {g ^ò JwUdmao Amoa O_gm| hr

gg Amoa Xwg Ho$ JwU Amoa Xmof H$[aHo$ o_H$s d{ Amoa jrUVm dmao Amoa
{ZaVa O_ bo`dodmaoZHo$ ^md ZXrH$s Vw` h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo ZXrH$mo Ob d{> Amoa Km_ (Ja_r) H$[aHo$ ~T>o Amoa KQ>o ho. ^y{_
Amoa ndVm{XH$ Ho$ JwU Amoa Xmof H$[aHo$ Obh JwU-Xmof`wV hmo` ho, ew{ Amoa
VpV ^{VHw$ H$ao ho. Vog|, Cna H$| {VZH$mo ^mdh Vn-`mZ-g_m{YH$[aHo$
nmnj`mam ewm{XH$H$m| CnZ H$ao ho. ggH$[aHo$ JwUHw$ Amoa XwgH$[aHo$
XmofHw$ CnZ H$ao ho, Amoa ~T>o ho KQ>o ho. Vmgy ZXr_mU {Jò h|&&13&&
H$o {ZH$m_ o_dmaoh X`mHo$ g_w$n ^w_| doe H$ao h|. _hmZXrHo$ ObH$s
ZmB do ^md gd H$maH$s ew{Hw$ CnZ H$[adodmao h|.
A~ CZrgd| ^mdH$mo {VnmXZ hmo` ho:
ny U m ^JdXr`m ò eo f -`mgmpZ-_mVm&&14&&
OS>-ZmaX-_ mmg Vo "g_w m' H$s{V V m&
eof`mgmpZ_mVm=g>fU,`mg, ApZ, dm`w
OS>ZmaX_mm=OS>âV, ZmaX, _ Am{X
ò=Omo, nyUm=nyU
^JdXr`m=^JdXr`
Vo=dmo, g_wm=g_w
H$s{VVm=H$ho Om` h|
^mdmW : eof, `mg, ApZ, hZw_mZ, OS>âV, ZmaX, _o` ^{V Omo
nyU^JdXr` h| do "g_w' H$o h|.
A~ AR>mahd| ^mdH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:

EVmem dVme Mo V {gYd n[aH$s{V V m&
EVmem=Ego
MoV=Omo
dVm=dV hm|`
(V{h=Vmo)
{gYd=~S>r ZXr Oog
o mdmW : nydbmH$_| H$ho ^md `{X dV (Cnm{Y a{hV d`Ho$ hr) hm|`
^
Vmo do AmnV|{h g_w_| Om`dodmar ZXrH$s Vw` h|.
Q>rH$m : Oog| _hmZXrHo$ Ob_| {d> ^ò ObMa g_w_|h Om` gHo$ h| Vog| Cna
ObôX:
343
Q>rH$m : BVZo g_wHo$ ObH$s Vw` {dZ g~ZH$mo ^md ho. ^pV Omo godm Vm
H$[aH|$ nyU hm|` {VZHw$ ^JdXr` H$ho Om` h|.
BVZo {OZHw$ ^wgodm `{V[aV Amoa dmW Zht ho, {OZHw$ ^wHo${bòhr
Xohm{XH$H$s Anojm ho, naVw Xohm{XH$Ho${bò ^wH$s godm H$[adoH$s Zmqh h| Ego
^JdXr` aZmH$aHo$ Vw` h|. {dZH$mo ^md aZmH$aHo$ ObH$s Vw` g_OZmo. BZ
^JdXr`ZH$s JUZm _ybbmoH$_| H$ar ho. Vm_| _w` eof h|. gmo ^JdXJwUJmZ_|
Vna h|. ^JdmZH$s e`m ~{ZH|$ godm H$ao h| gmo ^JdmZH$s {d^y{V$n h|.
^yZZ| {dZH$m| ""gnZ_| AZV _oamo $n ho'' Eg| H$hrHo$ AnZr {d^y{V$n {JZo
h|. `mgOr ^wHo$ H$bmdVma h|, gXm ^Jd_Ho$ {Z$nU_| Vna h|. ApZ
lrH$UHo$ _wIma{dX$n Amn lr_hm^wOr Omo gdmegy lrH$U$nhr h|.
ObôX:
344
hZw_mZ lram_MOrHo$ JwUJmZ_| Vna h|. OS>âVOr AVH$aU_| ^mdnyU

hmo`dogy ~hmagy OS> Oogo XrIo h|. ZmaXOr gXm nwfmom_Ho$ JwUJmZ_|{h EH$VmZ
h|. nameaHo$ {e` _o` ^JdXJwUHo$ dVm h|. _yb_| "Am{X'nX ho Vmgy
Cdm{XH$H$mo ^mdh g_wObHo$ Vw` g_OZmo. Oog| g_wH$mo Ob MHw$
Xo{IH|$ Va[V hmo` ho Vog| nyd H$o ^JdXr`h ^wHo$ _wIMHo$ XeZgm|
d^mddmao hmo`H|$ godm `{V[aV AmoaHw$ VwN> {JZo h|. gmo lrH${nbXodOrZo
""gmbmo`, gm>u, gm_r`, gm$` Amoa EH$d Hw$h _oao ^V Zmqh MmhV h|''
Eg| Amkm H$ar ho.
g_w_| ^r jma Amoa {_> Xmo ôX h| Vmgy d$nôX Amoa kmZôX H$[aH|$
{dbjU Ego nyU ^mddmaoZH$mo {Z$nU A~ H$aV h|:
bmo H $-do X -Jw U a {_l-^mdo Z H o $ hao a Jw U mZ &&15&&
dU ` pV g_w mg Vo jmamm fQ > H$s{V V m&&
EHo$={H$VZoH$ bmoH$doXJwU=
(qH$M=Amoa)
{_l^mdoZ={_l^mdgy
hao=h[aHo$
JwUmZ=JwUZH$mo
bmoH$AmoadoXHo$ JwUZgy
dU`pV = dUZ H$ao h|
Vo=do, jmamm=Imao Am{X
fQ>=N>o, g_wm=g_w
H$s{VVm=H$ho Om` h|
^mdmW : {H$VZoH$ dVm bmoH${_l^mdgy, doX{_l^mdgy Amoa JwU{_l^mdgy

^wHo$ JwUZH$mo dUZ H$ao h|. do jmam{X fQ>g_wHo$ Vw` h|.
H$moBH$s nmggy H$Nw> JhU Zmqh H$ao h| Amoa BN>mh Zmqh H$ao h|, _Zw` n{d
hmo`doHo${bò ^JdmZHw$ Ôo Egmo {d{Y hmo`dogy bm{H$H$ dmWHo${bò ÔZ,
Vw{V, AnU ^{V H$ao h| Eg| Om{ZHo$ dUZ H$[adodmaoZH$mo ^md jmamoXHo$
ObH$s Vw` AJm Oogmo ho.
{H$VZoH$ ""gmo hmWdmao lrH$UZo damh$n Y[aH|$ Vwhmamo Cma {H$`mo ho''
B`m{X dm`ZH$mo Aml` H$[aH|$ OJH$Vm{h {d{dY earaZ_| doeH$[aH|$ H$m`
H$ao ho Amoa H$m` H$[aHo$ dm earaHw$ N>moS> Xo` ho Eg| Om{ZHo$ h[aHo$ JwUH$mo JmZ
H$ao h| CZH$mo ^md X{Y_S>moXVw` ho. BVZ| X{Y_S> gmaa{hV hmo`dogy nmofU
H$[ado_| {Z$n`moJr ho Vog| {dZH$mo ^md h g_OZmo. Eg|hr ^JdmZ {MX$n
{dkmZnyU gdg_ Amoa _mojHo${bò godZH$[ado`mo` h| Eg| Om{ZHo$ dUZH$[adodmaoZH $mo
^mdh X{Y_S>moXVw` ho.
_m`mHo$ JwUH$[aH|${h ^w_| H$VmnZmo ho Vm {~Zm Zqh ho. Vmgy _m`mHo$
JwUH$[aH|${h h[a g~ H$ao h| Eg| Om{ZHo$ Omo ^JdXJwUH$mo dUZ H$ao ho VmH$mo
^md gwamoXHo$ ObVw` ho. Oog| gwamH$mo d^md {d_aU H$am`doH$mo Amoa Xmof
CnZ H$[adoH$mo ho Vog| H$V ^mddmaoZH$mo ^md h g_OZmo.
^w g~Ho$ Bda Amoa gdH$m` H$[ado_| g_W h| Eg| Om{ZH|$ Omo ^wH$mo
dUZ H$ao ho VmH$mo ^md jramoXHo$ Ob Oogmo ho. XyYHo$ JwU g[aIo dm ^mddmaoHo$
JwU h|.
^w _hm~bdma h| Vmgy AnZo ^VZHw$h ~bdmao ~Zmdo h| Eg| Om{ZH|$
dUZ H$[adodmaoZH$mo ^md KVmoXHo$ ObH$s Vw` ho. BVZo {dZ ^mddmaoZH$mo ^md
KVHo$ g_mZ JwUdmamo ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo am_H$Um{X _Zw` h| naVw {dZ_| ~bm{X ~hmoV ho Vmgy _Zw`gy
A{YH$ _mò Om` h| Eg| Om{ZHo$ ^wH$mo dUZ H$[adodmaZH$mo ^md jmag_wHo$
ObH$s Vw` g_OZmo. jmaOb Oog| Vfm{Zd{m, VpV ^{V gwIXmZ_| AZwn`mo{J
hmodo ho Vog| nydm}V dVmZH$mo ^mdh g_OZmo. Eg| hr ^JdmZ dam`nyU hmo`dogy
^w b_rOrHo$ n{V h| godH$ZHw$ ^moJ-_moj Xododmao h| Ego Om{ZH|$ dUZ

H$[adodmaoZH$mo ^md BjwagmoX g_wHo$ ObH$s Vw` ho. gmo BjwH$mo ag Oog| _Ywa
Amoa ^rVaHo$ VmnHw$ Xy[a H$[adodmamo hmo` ho Vog|hr JwUdmamo BZH$mo ^mdh hmoV ho.
ObôX:
ObôX:
345
346
Amoa eaU Amò Ord Mmho Oog| hmo` Vmoh lrH$U {dZH$mo Cma H$ao hr
h|, eaUmJVHw$ N>m{S> XoV Zmqh h| Eg| Om{ZH|$ dUZ H$[adodmaoZH$mo ^md
ewmoXH$Ho$ ObH$s Vw` JwUdmamo OmZZmo.
A~ nyU^JdXr`Z_|h Oo Cm_ h| {VZH$s JUZm H$aV h|:
Jw U mVrVV`m ew mZ gpMXmZX${nU&&16&&
gdm Z o d Jw U mZ {dUmo a dU ` pV {dMjUm&
Vo @ _ V mo X m g_m`mVmg VmnmZ gw X w b ^ _ &&17&&
ò=Omo, {dMjUm=~w{_mZ
JwUmVrVV`m=JwUmVrV$ngy
ewmZ=ew
gpMXmZX${nU=gpMXmZXd$ndmao, {dUmo={dUwHo$
gdmZ = g~, Ed = hr
JwUmZ = JwUmZH$mo
dU`pV = dUZ H$ao h|
Vo=do, A_VmoXm=A_VOb
g_m`mVm=H$ho Jò h|
VV={dZH$s, dmnmZ=dmUrH$mo nmZ
gwXwb^_=A`V Xwb^^ ho
^mdmW : Omo {dMjU dVm JwUV| na, Vmgy {h gV {MV Amoa AmZX $n Ego
^wHo$ gd JwUZH$m| Om{ZHo$ {dZ g~ ^JdXJwUZH$mo dUZ H$[adodmao h| gmo
A_VHo$ g_wVw` h|. {VZH$s dmUrH$mo nmZ (ldU) A`V Xwb^ ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| ""V_wVmoVma:'' Eg| doXHo$, ""Omo jagy na Amoa Ajagy h Cm_
ho'' Eg| JrVmHo$, ""_oao_| amo g~ {ZJwU OmZZmo'' Eg| lr^mJdVHo$ Amoa
""bmoH$H$s ZmB brbm _moj$n ho'' Ego `mggyHo$ dm`gy Eg| lw{V, _{V,
nwamU Amoa `m` H$[aH|$ ^wHo$ Zm_, $n Amoa Y_Z H$mo {ZJwUnZoH$mo {ZM`
H$[aH|$ ^JdZm_ gpMXmZXm_H$ ho, ^JdmZ AjamVrV nwfmom_ h|, VmH$s
g~ gm_Jr {ZJwU ho, VmH$s brbm h \$b$nm ho, _aU H$[adogy _moj Xododmar
ObôX:
347
ho Eg| {Z$nU H$[aH|$ ^wHo$ gd JwU- ZdZrVMm`, doUwZmX, JmdZmomaU

Am{XH$ZHw$h JwUmVrVnZogy Om{ZH|$ dUZ H$[adodmaoZH$mo ^md A_VHo$ g_wVw`
ho. do ^JdH$V Mm`m{XH$ (brbm)ZHo$ H$maUHw$ Om{Zdodmao h| Vmgy _yb_|
"{dMjU' H$ho h|. {VZH$mo dmnmZ BVZo dm{UH$mo _Z_| YmaU H$aZmo VWm CnXoe
JhU H$aZmo Amoa VmH$mo AmXanydH$ ldU H$aZmo gmo ~hmoV Xwb^ ho. Vmgy {h
Zm_Ho$ d$n Om{ZdoHo${bò Ego Jw$Z (CnXoeH$ZHo$)Ho$ eaU_| Om`doH$s
doXm{XH$_| Amkm H$ar ho. Vm {~Zm dV mV{H$ò Ego kmZ-H$_m{XH$Hw$ `W
H$mo ho. Jw$ng{mnydH$ ^JdXCnXoe JhU H$[aH|$ ^w_| nwfmom_nZoH$mo kmZ
hmo` V~hr gdkVm hmo`. gmo ~mV JrVmOr_| AmnZo{h H$hr ho ""Omo {dMjU
_moHw$ nwfmom_ OmZo ho gmo g~ Om{Zdodmamo gd^mdH$[aH|$ _oar godm H$ao ho''. Vm
_mU nydm}V ^Vh ^wH$mo Ôdodmamo hmo` ho&&17&&
A~ do {dMjU ^VZH$s dmUrH$s _{h_mHw$ H$hV h|:
VmemZm d{MX dm` Xy V mZm{_d d{U V _ &
AOm{_bmH$U Z dX {~Xw n mZ H$s{V V _ &&18&&
amJmkmZm{X^mdmZm
gd W m
ZmeZ
`Xm&
VXm bo h Z_ B`w V dmZXmo X J _H$maU_ &&19&&
VmemZm=EgoZHo$
amJmkmZm{X^mdmZm=
dm`=dm`ZHw$,d{MV=H$^r amJ, AkmZ Am{X ^mdZH$mo
XyVmZm=gXoedmhH$H$s
gdWm=g~ Vaohgy
Bd=Oogo, d{UV{H$`mo ho
ZmeZ=Zme, VXm=V~
(VWm=Amoa)AOm{_bmH$UZdV= (VmnmZ=CZH$s dmUrH$mo nmZ)
AOm{_bZo gw`mo dm Vaohgy
dmZXmoXJ_H$maU=AnZo AmZXHo$
(VN>dU_{n=dmH$mo ldU ^r) C_H$mo H$maU$n ~Zo ho
{~XwnmZ={~XwnmZHo$ g_mZ
(B{V hoVmo=Vmgm|)bohZ=MmQ>Zmo
H$s{VV=H$hoJòh|, `Xm=O~
B{V CV (^d{V)=Ego H$moOm`ho
ObôX:
348
^mdmW : Ego ^JdXr`ZH$s gZVm`wV Omo Amkm ho gmo ^JdmZHo$ XyVH$s

AmkmHo$ g_mZ H$hr ho. BZHo$ dm`H$mo ldU A_V{~XwHo$ g_mZ ho. Oog|
AOm{_bZo ^JdXXyVZHo$ dm`H$mo ldU {H$`mo hVmo VmH$sgr ZmB {dZHo$
dm`H$mo ldU A_Vq~XwHo$ nmZH$s Vw` ho. Amoa amJ ({df`m{XH$_| r{V)
Amoa AkmZm{XH$ ^mdH$mo O~ Zme hmo` V~ d$nmZXHw$ H$Q> H$ao ho. VmH$mo
Zm_ "bohZ' H$mo ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| nydbmoH$_| H$ho nyU^JdXr` H$nmH$[aH|$ {dZm AmJhgy H$hV h|
gmo dm` ^wH$mo{h g_OZmo. Oog| amOm MmH$amam Amkm H$ao ho Vog| ^wh
^JdXr`mam CnXoe H$aV h|. XyV Oogo amOmHo$ JwUdUZ_| e[>V Zht hmo` ho Vog|
^JdXr`ZHw$h ^wHo$ JwUdUZ_| e>m Zht hmo` ho. Vmgy, ^wH$s H$nm Amoa
^{d`_| \$b {_bdoH$mo `moJ hmo` V~hr Ego ^JdXr`ZH$mo g_mJ_ hmo` ho.
Vmgy{h {VZHo$ _wIgy CnXoe mV hmoZmo, bmoH$_mH$mo ldU H$aZmo, {ejm
gwZZr gmo A_V{~XwHo$ nmZ$n Amoa AOm{_bHo$ ldUH$s Vw` ho. Oog|
AOm{_bZo XyVZHo$ _wIgy ^Jd_Ho$ ~bH$mo ldU {H$`mo Vm nrN>o dmHw$ ZaH$H$mo
g~Y Ny>{Q>H|$ ^Jd_Ho$ ldUV| Cm_\$bH$s mpV ^B Vog| A_V{~XwH$mo
nmZ H$[adodmaoZHw$h Cm_\$bH$s mpV hmo`doH$mo gyMZ `m >mVgy hmo` ho.
`m {~XwnmZgy A{YH$ agmdmX ho gmo H$hV h| Omo amJ (Jhm{X_| Zoh)
Amoa AkmZ (^Jdd$nHw$ Zqh nhoMmZZmo AWdm A{dm) Am{X Amoa emoH$_mohm{XH$ H$mo O~ Zme hmo` Om`; BVZ| O~ amJm{XH$H$s dmgZmh Z aho, V~
agmdmX hmo` ho. BVZ| nyd H$mo {~XwnmZ O~ amJm{XH$H$s A\y${Vgy {H$`mo
Om` VmHw$ bohZ (MmQ>Zmo) H$mo ho. gmo OrdHw$ ^JdXmZXH$mo AZw^d H$am`dodmamo
ho. O~ ldUm{XH$_| `gZ hmo` Om` V~ Omo H$WmagH$mo AmdmX AZw^d_|
Amdo ho gmo A_V$n hmo` ho. V~hr Ord_| Omo AmZXH$mo {Vamo^md ^`mo ho VmH$mo
Am{d^md hmo` ho Amoa ^w_| H$_gy o_, AmgpV Amoa `gZ hmo`dogy nMH$s
{d_{V hmo`H|$ Ord H$VH$` hmo` ho. gmo ~mV lr^mJdVHo$ 11d| H$Y_|
""^pV bYdV gmYmo {H$_`X Ad{e`Vo'' `m bmoH$gy Amoa lr_hm^wOrZo
dH$V "^pVd{Zr'Zm_H$ JW_| ""ZohmX amJ{dZme `mX'' `m bmoH$gy
ObôX:
349
H$hr ho. Vm _mU OrdHw$ ^pVH$mo nyU\$b V~ (`gZ hmo`dogy hr) mV hmo`
ho&18-19&&
A~ ~rgd| ^mdH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
C V mo X H$dV
gd}
n{VVmo X H$dV
VWm&
CVm{V[aV-dm`m{Z \$b Mm@{n VWm VV&&20&&
CVm{V[aVdm`m{Z=H$ho ^òdMZZgy AbJ dm`|, VWm=Amoa
gd}=g~, CVmoXH$dV=~hma{ZH$mò ^ò ObH$s Vaoh(M=Amoa)
n{VVmoXH$dV=nS>o ObH$s Vaoh

(Vofm={dZH$mo)\$b=\$b
A{n=^r
VV:=dmgy, VWm=dogmo
^mdmW : nyd_| H$ho ^ò ^mdZgy `wV dm` AWdm CZHo$ H$hdodmao dVm ò
g~ nm_| {ZH$mgo AWdm YaVr_| nS>o ObH$s Vah h|. AWmV {ZH$m`mo Ob Oogo
nmHo$ AZwgma hmo` Om` ho Eg|hr CZH$mo ^mdh CZHo$ AZwgma hmo` ho. Amoa Ego
dm` AWdm ^mdZH$mo \$bh dogmohr AWmV An hr hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : nyd H$o Omo A_VmoXVw` ^mddmao h| {dZHw$ N>mo{S>H|$ Amoa ^mddmaoZHo$
^md {dZH$s A`j Xem_| CXYVmoXH$H$s Vw` \$bHw$ {gH$ao h|. Amoa {dZ
^mddmaoZHo$ dm` Cnagy {Jao ObH$s ~amo~a \$bHw$ {g H$[adodmao h|. Oog| Hy$n
^{VZ_|gy JhU {H$`mo Ob Om WmZgy Am`mo hmo` dm WmZHo$ JwUHo$ Vw`
JwUdmamo hmo` ho. A_V Vmo gdXm EH$ag ho Vmgy dmHw$ N>m{S>H|$ Amoa ^mddmaoZH$s
A`j Xem_| do ^md CXYVmoXH$ (Hy$dm{XH$Z_|gy bm`mo ^`mo Ob) Vw`
JwUdmamo hmo`ho Eg| H$moho&&20&&
A~ JWH$s g_mpV H$ao h|:
ObôX:
350
B{V Ordo p `JVm ZmZm-^md - JVm ^w { d&&

$nV \$bVM d Jw U m {dUmo a {Z${nVm&&21&&
&&B{V lr_bm^mM`{da{MVmo ObôX gnyU&&
B{V=`m Vaohgy
$nV=$ngy
\$bV=\$bgy, Ed=^r
^w{d=npdno
ZmZm^mdJVm=AZoH$ ^mdZHw$ mV^ò Ego

Ordop`JVm=OrdZH$s Bp`Z_| aho ^ò
{dUmo={dUwHo$, JwUm=JwU
{Z${nVm={Z${nV {H$ò
^mdmW : `m Vaohgy d$n Amoa \$b H$[aHo$ ndr_| AZoH$ ^mdZHw$ mV ^ò
VWm OrdZHo$ _Z_| a{hdodmao Omo lrh[aHo$ JwU h| gmo h_Zo H$ho.
Q>rH$m : `m H$ma Ord Amoa Bp` _| Am`Ho$ npd_| AZoH${dY ^md$n ^ò
Ego {dUw (^JdmZ)Ho$ JwUZH$mo d$n Amoa \$b gy {Z$nU {H$`mo Eg|
lr_hm^wOr Amkm H$ao h|. gmo ObHo$ ôX lw{V_| Omo H$ho h| Vm _mU JwUHo$
ôXH$mo `m JW_| dUZ hmo`dogy `mH$mo "ObôX' Zm_ ho.
&& B{V lr_Xdbm^mMmÒr {da{MV ObôX JWH$s
Jmodm{_ lrZqghbmbOr _hmamO {da{MV
dO^mfm ^mdmWQ>rH$m g_mV ^B &&
ObôX:
351
&& nMnm{Z &&

(18)
ObôX_| 20 H$maHo$ {d{^Z ^V Amoa {dZHo$ ^mdZ H$m| ObH$mo >mV
Xo`H|$ {Z${nV {H$ò h|. gmo Oog| Ob ewH$ dVwHw$ Am H$ao ho Vog| D$na {bò
^VZHo$ ^mdh ldU H$[adodmao _Zw`ZHo$ X`Hw$ Am H$ao ho Eg| OVm`doHo${bò
ObH$mo >mV Xo`Ho$ {Z$nU {H$`mo ho. em_| Omo A>mXe {dm {bIr ho
VmH$[aHo$ {Vnm{XV Ego ^JdmZHo$ JwUh AR>mah H$maHo$ h|, Vmgy do ^Vh
A>mXe {dm{Vnm{XV JwU_| Vna hmo`dogy Ho$db _`mXm_mJu` A>mXe
H$maHo$ h|. Amoa nw{>_mJu`, ew VWm {_l Ego ôXgy Xmo H$maHo$ h|. BVZo
A>mXe H$maHo$ _`mXm_mJu` ^V Amoa Xmo H$maHo$ nw{>_mJu` ew VWm {_l
{_{bH|$ ^VZHo$ 20 H$ma ^ò. AWdm gmpdH$m{XH$ VrZ JwUZHo$ nana
{_lUgy ^mdHo$ 9 ôX Amoa 1 {ZJwU Eg| g~ {_{bHo$ 10 ôX ^ò. gmo _`mXm
Amoa nw{> Ho$ Xe-Xe ôX {_{bH|$ 20 H$maHo$ ^V ^ò. {VZHo$ ^mdh
{dZ_|hr aho h|. Vmgy ~rg H$magy ObôX_| {Z${nV {H$ò h|.
A~ ObôX_| H$ho ~rg H$maHo$ ^VZHo$ _wIgy {dZHo$ ^mdZHw$
JhUH$[adodmao lmoVmZH$mo `m JW_| {Z$nU H$aV h|. gmo nw{> VWm _`mXmHo$
ôXgy Xmo H$maHo$ h|. Vm_| nw{>_mJu` lmoVm Cm_ h| gmo EH$ H$maHo$ h|; Amoa
_`mXm_mJu` _`_ AY_ Amoa Cm_ Ego ôXgy VrZ H$maHo$ h|. Eg| Hw$b Mma
H$maHo$ ^VZH$mo {Z$nU H$[adoHo${bò W_ _w`nZogy nw{>_mJu` lmoVmZH$mo
{Z$nU H$aV h|.
lrH $ Uag{d{jV-_mZgm
a{Vd{O V m&&
A{Zd V m bmo H $-do X o Vo _w `m ldUmo gw H $m&1&
lrH$U-ag-{d{jV-_mZgm=lrH$UHo$- bmoH$-doXo=bmoH$ Amoa doX_|
ag_| {OZH$mo _Z {d{jV ahVmoA{ZdVm=AmZXa{hV
hmo` Ego ^V(A`=A` H$h)
(ò=Omo)ldUmogwH$m=
gw{Zdo_-|
nMnm{Z
352
a{Vd{OVm=AmgpVgy a{hV
CgwH$,Vo=do,_w`m=_w`h|
^mdmW : lrH$UH$mo Omo ÔZmZX$n aggm| {OZH$mo _Z {d{jV hmo` J`mo

ho, Amoa Vmgm| ^JdmZHo$ M[aZHw$ gw{Zdo_| Ar{Vgy d{OV BVZo r{Vdmao Amoa
bmoH$ VWm doX _| {OZHw$ AmZX mV Zmht hmo` ho Ego Omo ldU_| Cgmhdmao
lmoVmOZ h| gmo _w` h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, ^JdmZHo$ M[a Zmht gw{Zdo$n Omo Ar{V ho gmo _`mXm Amoa
nw{> Eg| _mJHo$ ôXgy Xmo H$magy {Zdm hmo` ho. Vm_| _`mXm_mJ_| OmHw$ ldU
H$[adoH$s BN>m hmo` Amoa lm`wV hmo` VmHw$ _hnwfH$s godmgm| Amoa
nw`VrWHo$ godZgm| {M CnZ hmo` ho Eg| W_H$Y_| H$mo ho. Amoa
nw{>_mJ_| Vmo Oog| ^_aJrV_| dO^VZZo H$mo ho Omo ""{dZH$s H$WmH$mo AW
XwÒ ho'' gmo agHo$ d^mdgy hr ^JdH$Wm_| ag CnZ hmo` ho. Vmgy Omo
^JH$Wm_| Aa{VH$[aHo$ d{OV H$ho h| do nw{>_mJu` h| Eg| g_OdoHo${bò ò
bjU H$mo ho. Eg| nw{>_mJu`lmoVmZHw$ ^JdM[aHo$ ldU_| Ar{V Zmht ho
Egmo {Z$nU H$[adoHo${bò bmoH$doX_| BZHw$ AmZX Zmht hmo` ho gmo H$hV h|;
Omo d{m_mJH$mo ~moY H$[adodmao AWdm ^JdmZ {dZm AmoaH$mo ÔZ ~Vm`dodmao
bmoH$ Amoa doX_| dW Zmht h|. gmo ^JdmZZ| CdOrHw$ dO_| gXoe bo`H|$
nR>mò V~ H$mo ho Omo ""{OZZo bmoH$Ho$ Y_ N>moS>o h| CZH$mo nmofU _| H$ h''.
Vmgy `hm ""bmoH$doX_| A{Zdm'' (bmoH$doXo) Eg| g_VnX H$mo ho gmo
`m`nZo_| (bmoH$doX) Xmo`ZH$s Vw`Vm OVm`doHo${bò ho. Vmgyhr nMm`m`r_|
lrJmonrOZZo H$mo ho Omo ""Xw:IHw$ Xo`dodmao n{VgwVm{XH$ZH$[aHo$ H$hm ho?''
Amoa ^_aJrV_| H$mo ho Omo ""Xw:IHo$ g_w_| _Z ^ò dOH$mo Cma H$amo''.
BVZo Xw:IgmJa_| {Z_Z dO ho dmH$mo Cma Amnhr H$amo naVw AmnZo CV {H$ò
Ego doXgm| h_ Cma H$[ado`mo` Zmht h| Ego A{^m`gy mWZm H$ar ho. Eg|
nw{>_mJHo$ H$maH$[aHo$ Ar{VHo$ A^mdnydH$ r{V`wV h| Vo _w` h|.
AWdm "_w`'eXH$mo Xygamo A{^m` H$hV h|: _wI$n Omo nw{>_mJu`
^pV ho Vm_| do ^ò h|; BVZo ^pV$n Omo ^JdmZH$mo _wIma{dX ho {VZ_|
gbZ Ego, AbH$mdbrnZogy H$hrdo_| AmdVo Ego, nw{>_mJu` Ord Ho$db
nMnm{Z
353
^pV_mH$mo Aml` H$[aHo$ ahV h|, Vo _w` h|.

Vhm gXoh hmo` Omo _yb_| Vmo ""bmoH$-doX_| A{ZdV h|'' Eg| H${hHo$
^JdmZ_| r{V`wV Egmo AW hmo` ho, ldUm{XH$_| r{V`wV h| Egmo AW Vmo
JmUar{Vgy Amdo ho Vmgy _w`lmoVmnZmo Ho$g|? Egr e>m H$[aHo$ H$hV h| Omo
^JdmZ_| r{Vdmao h| Vmoh {d`moJH$mb_| Vmo ldU_|hr Cgmhdmao h|. `m| Omo
namoj_| {dZH$mo gXoe bm`dodmao_| r{V Xo{Ido_| AmdV ho, Vmgy ldU_| Cgmh
n> Om`mo Om` ho. Vmgy hr ^_aJrVHo$ A`m`_| H$mo ho Omo ""CdOrHw$
Xo{IH|$; ò ^wHo$ MaUm{dXHo$ Aml`dmao h| Eg| Om{ZH|$ g~ Am{S>gy {_bH|$
{dZHw$ Koa{bò''. BVZo lmoVmOZ Amn ^JdmZHo$ ag_| _Z h|, ^JdmZHo$ aggy
{dZH$mo _Z {d{jV ho, ^JdmZHo$ M[a gw{Zdo_| ghO ^md`wV h|, ^JdmZHo$
{d`moJH$s Am{VH$[a `wV h| Amoa ^JdmZH$s dmmmHo$ ldU_m_|hr EH$~w{dmao
h| gmo nw{>_mJu` lmoVm h|&&1&&
Eg| nw{>_mJu` ^VZH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ _`mXm_mJu`ZH$mo {Z$nU H$aV
h|. Vm_| Cm_ ~hmoV Xwb^ ho Vmgy _`H$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
{dpbZ_Zgmo ò Vw ^JdV - _ { V{ddbm:&&
AW H ${Z> m g Vo Mm@{n _`_m ldUmo gw H $m&&2&&
Vw=Amoa, {dpbZ_Zg=
{deofH$[aHo$H$mo_b_Zdmao(M=Amoa)
^Jd_{V{ddbm=^wH$s_{Vgy {dH$b hmoÒmdodmao
ldUmogwH$m=gwZdo_| Cgmhdmao
ò=Omo,AWH${Z>m=AW_m_|{Z>mdmao,A{n=h, Vo=do
_`_m=_`_
^mdmW : {deofH$[aHo$ {OZH$mo Am _Z ho, ^JdmZH$s _{Vgm| {ddb h| Amoa

AW_| _w`{Z>m h| Ego lmoVmOZ _`_ H$ho Om` h|.
nMnm{Z
254
Q>rH$m : BVZo ^JdmZ_| namÙ hmo`dogy {OZH$mo _Z H$mo_b hmo` gmo "Am' H$mo
Om` ho. Oog| Am (^r`mo) d hmo` gmo gyHo$_| Y[adogy gyHo$Hw$h Am H$aV
ho Vog| {OZH$mo _Z AnZo g~Ydmao $jHw$h Am H$aV ho gmo ewH$Xod Am{X
Oogo g_OZ|. _yb_| "ò' H$mo ho Vmgy gd {g Ego _`mXm_mJu` H$ho h|.
Amoa "Vw' eXgy nw{>_mJu`ZH$mo `mdmZ {H$`m ho. {dpbZ_Z Vmo nw{>_mJu`ZH$moh
hmo` ho Vmgy nw{>_mJu`ZHo$ Y_gy {^Z Y_ H$hV h|: ^JdmZH$s _{Vgm|
{ddb h|. BVZo ldUHo$ g_`_| Eod`m{X fSJwUgnyU Eg| ^JdmZH$s _{Vgm|
{ddb hmo` h|. D$na {bIo Ego Xmo` Y_H$[aHo$ Cm_nZmo {dZ_| ^mgV ho. Vmgy
n>ar{Vgy _`_nZmo ~Vm`dodmamo Y_ H$hV h|: AW_|hr _w` {Z>mdmao h|.
BVZo _mojm{X nwfmW AWdm AnZr H$VmWVm hmo` òhr {dZH$mo _w` `moOZ
ho, dm_|hr {Z>mdmao h|. _w`nZogy M[a_| {Z>mdmao Zmhth|. AWmV \$bH$s
Anojmdmao h| Vmgy _`_ {JZoh|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo Ego lmoVmhr hmo` Zmht. `m| Omo lmoVmZH$m| AW_| Vmn`
hmo` Zmht. Egr Ame>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h| Omo ldUgy gm` Egmo Omo \$b Vm_|
BZH$mo Vmn` ho. _mojm{X \$b_| Vmn`dmao h| Vmoh ^JdmZHo$ M[a_| CH$R>mdmao
h| Vmgy _`_nZmo ho. Oog| nar{jVm{XH$ZHw$ Xygao H$aV| nyqnU dam` hmo`dogy
Cm_nZmo ho VWm{n Cnm{YghrV d{m hmo`dogy {dXwa VWm Cdm{XH$H$s Anojmgy
_`_nZmo ho. Vmgyhr JmOr_| nar{jVZo m`mondoe {H$`mo gmo VrWHo$ H$maUgy
{H$`mo ho. `{X dmHo$ _Z_| VrWH$s Anojm Zmht hmoVr Vmo ^JdmZH$mo M[a, Xygao
gmYZH$s Anojm Zmht am{IHo$, Ohm ~oR>Ho$ ldU H$ao Vhm \$bHw$ {g
H$[adodmamo ho. `m|, Omo ^JdmZHw$ Oog| VrWH$s Anojm Zmht ho Vog| CZHo$
M[aHw$h Zmht ho. Amoa {dXwaOr Vmo M[a gw{ZdoHo${bò Ohm _oÒr hVo dhm
Jò h|; BVZo dVmHo$ gpZYmZ Om`doH$mo CXXoe hVmo, JmOrn| Om`doH$mo
CXXoe Zmht hVmo, Vmgy Cm_nZmo ho. nar{jV Amoa {dXwaOr XmoCZH$mo _`mXmnZmo
Vmo g_mZ ho VWm{n _`mXm_mJ_| {OVZr ew{ hmo` {VVZr \$b_| {deofVm hmo`;
Vmgy {dXwaOr_| VrWmQ>Z Amoa gg gy ldUH$mo A{YH$ma {g ^`mo ho Amoa
nar{jV_| Vmo n>hr ho. Vmgyhr {gmV_wVmdbr_| _`mXm_mJuZHw$ JmOrHo$
VQ>no lr^mJdV_| Vna hmo`Ho$ ahrdoH$s Amkm H$ar ho&&2&&
nMnm{Z
355
Eg| _`_ lmoVmH$mo {Z$nU H$[adoHo$ nrN>o AY_ lmoVmZH$mo {Z$nU

H$[adoH$mo `moOZ Zmht ho, VWm{n {^Z ar{Vgy {dZH$mo {Z$nU Zht H$[aHo$
Cm_Ho$ {Z$nU_| hr H$moC Y_gm| AY_ZH$mo {Z$nU H$[adoHo${bò Cm_ZH$mohr
W_ {Z$nU H$aV h|:
{ZgpXY H $ UVd gd ^ mdo Z ò {dXw &&
Vdmdo e mmw {dH$bm {Zamo Y mX dm Z Mm@`Wm&&3&&
ny U ^ mdo Z ny U m W m H$Xm{MZ Z Vw gd X m&&
A`mgVmVw ò Ho $ {MX AY_m n[aH$s{V V m&&4&&
ò=Omo, H$Ud=lrH$U$n VdHw$
{ZgpXY=gXoh a{hV
gd^mdoZ=g~ ^mdgy,{dXw=OmZo
Vo Vw=doVmo, AmdoemV=Amdoegy
dm=AWdm,{ZamoYmV={ZamoYgy
{dH$bm={dH$b, M=naVw
A`Wm=Amoa Vahgw
Z=Zht, Vw=Amoa
ò=Omo, Ho${MV=H$moB
H$Xm{MV=H$~hH$
nyU^mdoZ=nyU^mdgy
nyUmWm=nyU AWdmao,Vw=Vmo
gdXm=h_|em, Z=Zmht
(qH$M=Amoa)A`mgVm=A`H$h
AmgV, Vo=do,AY_m=hrZ
^mdmW : gXoh a{hV Omo lrH$U$n VdHw$ gd^mdgm| Omo Om{Zdodmao h| do

Amdoegy AWdm {ZamoYgy hr {dH$b hmo` h|. Amoa nyU^mdgm| nyUAWdmao H$~hH$
hr hmo` h|, gdXm Zmht hm|` h|. Amoa A`_| Am{gVdmao h| do AY_ H$ho h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| gXmZX lrH$UHo$ d$nHw$- AWmV agm_H$ H$anmXm{X`wV,
gmH$ma Amoa _m`mHw$ Xya H$[aHo$ H$Q> ^`mo ho Egmo em Amoa AZw^d gm|
gXoha{hV hmo`H|$ Oogmo ho Vogmo -Om{Zdodmao ldUHo$ Cm_m{YH$mar h|.
nMnm{Z
356
`hm e>m hmo` Omo Ego T> kmZdmaoZHw$ ldU H$[adoH$s Anojm Z aho Vmgy
CZHw$ lmoVmnZmo Ho$g|? Egr e>mHo$ {ZamH$aU_| H$ho h| Omo do kmZdmaoh O~
kmZgm| X`_| ^JdXmdoe hmo` V~ {dH$b hmo` Om` h|. V~ ""h_ Om{ZZodmao
h|'' Egr \y${m {dZHww$ hmo` Zmht ho. V~ ldU H$[adoH$s CZHw$ `mo`Vm {g
hmo` ho. Vmgyhr lr^mJdVHo$ W_H$Y_| H$mo ho Omo ""gVV ^JdX^V
{OZHw$ {` h| Amoa ^wHo$ JwUZZ| {OZH$s _{VH$mo AmH$fU {H$`mo ho Ego
lrewH$XodOr lr^mJdV$n Am`mZ nT>o''. Vmgm| Eg| nyUkmZdmaoZHw$h ldUH$s
`mo`Vm H$hr ho. _yb_| "Vw'eX H$mo ho Vmgy agmdoedmaoZHw$ Cna H$ho _mU
_{V{djon Zht hmo` ho Eg| H$mo ho. `m| Omo CZHw$ Vmo {ZaVa agmdoe a{hdogy
kmZ H$~h Zht hmo` ho. `m| Omo kmZ ho gmo agHo$ CX`H$mo {V~YH$ ho. Vmgyhr
gd`mnH$ Amoa AnZo X`_| {~am{Ododmao ^yZH$mo emoY H$[adoH$s d{m hmo`
ho. gmohr ~mV {gkmZdmao lrewH$XodOrZ| lr^mJdVHo$ Xe_H$YHo$ \$bH$aU_|
H$hr ho. Vmgyhr lr{Q>nUrOr_| lrJwgmBOrZ| Amkm H$ar ho Omo ""~{h_wIZHw$
AmH$meH$sgr ZmB gd `mV h| Egmo ^wH$mo kmZ hmo` ho. Amoa ^VZHw$ Vmo
~m{ha H$Q> ^wH$mohr AmZX Ano{jV hmo` ho''. Vmgy EH$mXeH$Y_| lr^JdmZZ|
Amkm H$ar ho Omo ""kmZ-dam` ~hmoVH$[aHo$ ^VHo$ lo`gmYH$ Zmht h|''.
`hm e>m hmo` Omo ^JdXmdoe_| Vmo ^JdmZH$s ZmB gdknZmo hmoZmo `mo`
ho, V~ CZHw$ {dH$bVm Ho$g| hmo`, Omgy ldUm{XH$_| d{m hmo` ho? Egr e>m
H$[aHo$ H$ho h| Omo CZHw$ ^wHo$ JwUH$[aHo$ {ZamoY hmo` ho. nMHo$ {d_aU nydH$
^w_| Omo AmgpV dmHw$ "{ZamoY' H$hV h|. gmo Ho$db JwUldUgyhr hmo` ho. Vmgy
{ZamoYgm| dH$` hmo` Om` ho Amoa ar{Vgy Zmht hmo` ho. Eg| lmoVmnZoH$mo CnnmXZ
H$[aHo$ CZHw$ H$Xm{MV _mojm{XH$ AW_| {Z>m hmo` V~, AW_| {Z>m hmo` gmo Vmo
_`__| {Jò Om` Vmgy _`_nZoH$s {Zd{mHo${bò A~ H$hV h| Omo gd nyU
Egmo Omo ^JdX^md (^JdXmdoe Amoa {ZamoYgy ^`mo ^JdmZH$mo kmZ) BVZo
gd ^JdmZH$s \y${m, VmH$[aHo$hr OmHo$ g~ AW g_mV ^ò h|, Vmgy Amoa
dmW CZHw$ Zmht ho Vmgyhr (dmW{Z>mHo$ A^mdgyhr) CZH$mo _`_nZmo Zmht
ho {H$Vw Cm_nZmohr ho. `m| Omo EH$ ^JdmZ_|hr {Z>mdmao h|.
O~ Eg| ^`mo V~ Vmo nw{>_mJu`Zgy {dZ_| OwXmB Z ^B. `m| Omo
nMnm{Z
357
nw{>_mJu` Oog| ^w_|hr {Z>mdmao h| Eg| doh h|! Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|
Omo CZH$mo Egmo ^md gdXm Zmht aho ho {H$Vw H$moC ~IV hr aho ho. BVZ| O~
^JdXJwUH$mo ldU H$a| V~hr {ZamoY hmo`H|$ ^w{Z> hmo` Om` h|. Amoa
nw{>_mJu` Vmo gXmhr ^JdpZ> hmo`dogy g~Zgy `maohr h|. Vmgyhr ewH$m{XH$ZHw$
gdXm brbmZwgYmZ Zmht ho. Omo hmo` Vmo ""_WwamOrgy dO {V Jò'' Eg|
VQ>W ahrH|$ H$WZ AgV hmo`. nw{>_mJu`ZHo$ ^mdH$mo gmd{XH$nZmo Vmo
EH$mXeH$Y_| ^wZohr H$mo ho Omo ""_oao {dfohr {OZH$s AZwfH$[aHo$ ~w{
~YmB ho Ego lrJmonrOZ AnZmo Am_m, `h OJV Amoa nabmoH$ CZ g~ZHw$ Z
OmZ| Oog| g_m{Y_| _w{ZOZ Amoa g_wHo$ Ob_| Oog| Z{X`| AnZmo Zm_-$n
N>mo{S>H|$ doe H$ao h| Vog|''. `hm ZXrHo$ >mVgm| g_w_| doe H$[adodmar ZXr
nyd$nHw$ H$^r mV Zmht hmo` ho Amoa d$ngy aho ho Vmoh ôXgy H$WZ Zmht
hmo` ho; Vmgyhr nw{>_mJu`ZHo$ {dfo ^Jd{XVa \y${mHo$ A^mddmamo ^md,
^JdXr`nZmo Amoa ^JdmZ_| AmoVmoV hmo`H|$ ahZmo ho. Amoa _`mXm_mJ_| Vmo
ldUm{XH$gy ^JdXr`nZmo ho Vmgy nw{>_mJu` Amoa _`mXm_mJu` _| ~hmoV ôX
ho; Vmgy {deof H$hm H$hZmo?
Eg| ~{hgdoXZHo$ A^mdH$s Xem_| _`mXm_mJu` Cm_ZH$mo {Z$nU
H$[aHo$; ~hrgdoXZmnZH$mo {Z$nU H$[adoHo${bò, ~hrgdoXZHo$ ggy,
AY_ZH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|: Omo {H$VZoH$ A`mgV BVZ| ~mUd, j{`d
Am{Xgm| CH$fmnH$f`wV Amoa Jhm{XH$_| AmgV BVZ| d{m gnmXZHo${bò
AWdm bmoH$Hw$ gwZm`doHo${bò ldU H$[adodmaoZHw$ ObôX_| ""jo{d>mVoMm{n
ggmamon{mhoVd'' `m bmoH$_| H$o ^mddmao "AY_' H$ho h|. _yb_| "Vw'eX
H${hdoH$mo `h A{^m` ho Omo ^wH$s godm H$[adoHo${bò Omo Ka_| AmgVhm|`
gmo AY_ Zmht h|. CZH$m|Vmo nw{>_mJu` _moj$nnZogy Cm_nZmo ho&&4&&
Eg| _`_| AY_ZH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ A~ ~hrgdoXZ XemHo$ {dfoh {OZH$mo
A` _Z Zmht ho Ego Cm_ZH$mo {Z$nUH$aVh|:
AZ`_Zgmo
_`m
Cm_m
ldUm{Xfw &&
Xo e -H$mb-`-H$V - _-H$_ - H$maV&&5&&&&
B{V lr_b^mMm` { da{MV nMnm{Z g_mVm &&
nMnm{Z
358
(ò=Omo)_`m=_aUerb
ldUm{Xfw=ldU Am{X_|
Xoe-H$mb-`-H$V-_-H$_-H$ma=WmZ AZ`_Zg=T> _Zdmao h|
H$mb ` H$Vm _ Amoa H$_Ho$ H$magy Vo=do, Cm_m=Cm_ h|
^mdmW : Xoe, H$mb, `, H$V, _ Amoa H$_ Ho$ H$magy Omo AZ` _Zdmao
h| gmo ldUm{XH$_| Cm_ h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| gd ~hmaHo$ nXmWZH$mo kmZ hmo` V~h ^w {gdm` A`
{OZH$mo _Z Z hmo` do "AZ`' H$ho Om` h|. Vhm e>m hmo` Omo ^w {gdm`
A` {OZH$mo _Z Zmht ho {VZHw$ AVgdoXZ_| {deof H$hm? Egr Ame>m
H$[aHo$ AZ`{MmnZo_| H$maôX H$hV h| Omo Xoe, H$mb, `, H$Vm, _ Amoa
H$_ BVZo H$magy AZ`_Zdmao M{h`|. BVZo AVgdoXZ_| ^Jdyngyhr
Xoem{XH$ZH$s \y${m hmo` ho, Xoem{XH$nZogy Zmht hmo` ho. `m| Omo Ho$db
^JdXmH$ma AVH$aU ^`mo hmo` V~ gd AmdaUH$mo Zme hmo` Om` ho. Amoa
~m{haHo$ nXmWH$mo kmZ hmo` V~ Vmo ò Xoem{XH$ g~ ^Jdyn h| Egr \y${m hmo`
ho. Vm_| Xoem{XH$Z_| ^mdZm_mgm| ^JdX~w{ hmo` ho. AWmV AVgdoXZ_|
Xoem{XH$ZH$s \y${Vhr Zmht hmo` ho Amoa ~hrgdoXZ_| Xoem{XH$ZH$s \y${mHo$
g ^JX~w{ hmo` BVZmo AVgdoXZ_| {deof ho.
Vhm e>m hmo` Omo AVgdoXZ_| ^wnZogy Xoem{XH$Z_| \y${m hmo` Amoa
~hrgdoXZ_| Xoem{XH$ZH$s \y${m_| ^mdZm_mH$s ~w{ aho, BVZmo VmaV` `m|
aho ho? AVgdoXZ Amoa ~hrgdoXZ _| AVH$aUH$mo d$n Vmo EH$ hr ho!
Egr e>m H$[aHo$ H$hV h| Omo ò _` h| Vmgy Eg| hmo` ho. AVgdoXZ_|
^mdZmH$[aHo$ ^Jdynhr hmo` Om`dogy A`\y${m Zmht aho ho. Amoa ~hrgdoXZ_|
Vmo _`nZogy Xoem{XH$ZH$s \y${m ahrdogy emH$[aHo$ CZ_| ^JdX~w{ aho ho.
Eg| Omo hmo` gmo _`mXm_mJ_| ldUm{XH$Z_| Amoa H$sVZ ^VrZ_| Cm_ h|&&5&&
&& B{V lr_b^mMm`{da{MV nMnZH$s
Jmodm{_ lrZqghbmbOr_hmamO H$Vm
dO^mfmQ>rH$m g_mV ^B &&
nMnm{Z
359
&& g` mg{ZU`: &&

(19)
Q>rH$m : nMmmmnH$s {Zd{mHo${bò n[a`mJH$mo {dMma {H$`mo Om` ho. `hm
^pV_mJu` Omo n[a`mJ ho Vmgy Xygao gdnXmWZH$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ `mJ H$aZmo.
Egmo {dMma {H$ò {~Zm n[a`mJ {H$`mo hmo` Vmgy Omo nMmmmn hmo` VmH$s
{Zd{mHo${bò ^pV_mJu`-n[a`mJHo$ {dMmaH$mo ma^ H$aV h|, Eg| H$moC
H$hV h|.
Xygao Eg| H$hV h| Omo H$__mJu`ZHw$ dnZmo hmo` Vmoh ggmagy dam`
hmo`doH$mo g^d hmo` Zmht ho, Vmgy Ego H$__mJu`ZHo$ gH$[aHo$ H$Xm{MV
^JdXr`h Eg| Z hmo` Om` VmHo$ gwI$n OmH$mo Cnm` ho Ego g`mgHo$
{Z$nUH$s {Vkm ho- Eg| H${hHo$, eara AeV hmo` V~ nydXemH$mo _aU
H$[aHo$ dmHo$ _Z_| Egmo {dMma hmo` Omo _oZ| W_V|hr ^JdmZHo${bò `m| `Z
Z {H$`mo? Egmo Omo ^JdXr`ZHw$ Vmn hmo` gmohr `hm "nMmmmn' eXgy H$mo
Om` ho.
{H$VZoH$ Ego H$ho h| Omo ^pV Amoa kmZ _mJ_| gmYZXem_| Amoa
{gXem_| H$V`nZogy n[a`mJ H$mo ho. Vm_| gmYZXem_| nyU dam` Zmht
hmo`dogy AmN>r ^m{V n[a`mJH$mo g^d Zmht ho, Vmgy nmfpS>nZoHo$ gH$[aHo$
nMmVmnHo${bòhr `h n[a`mJ hmo` Egmo VmaV` Zmht OmZVo hm|` Ego
^JdXr`h W_ n[a`mJ H$[aHo$ nrN>o Vmn`wV hm|`. Vog| Ego Vna ^JdXr`ZHw$
Xo{IH|$ lrAmMm`MaU nMmmmnHw$ mV hm|` Eg| XmoC H$maH$mo nMmmmn
Zmht hmo`doHo${bò `h {Vkm ho.
{H$VZoH$ Eg| H$hV h| Omo {Z~Y_| AmMm`MaUZZ| {XS> YmaU H$[adoH$s
Amkm H$ar ho gmo ~m{MHo$ nw{>_mJu` Ordh g`mgml_nZogy {XS>H$mo JhU
H$[aHo$ nMmmmnHw$ mV hmo` VmH$s {Zd{mHo${bò nw{>_mJu` g`mgHo$ {dMmaH$mo
Ama^ H$aV h|.
g`mg{ZU`:
360
{H$VZoH$ Vmo Eg| H$hV h| Omo lw{V^{V _mUH$[aHo$ {g Ego agm_H$

Omo ^JdmZ VmH$mo {dahm_H$ ^mdH$mo Omo AZw^d gmo gdm_^mdH$[aHo$ eaUmJ{V
hmo` V~hr mV hmo` gmo gdn[a`mJ {~Zm hmo` Zmht Egmo `mJH$mo d$n Zmht
Om{Zdodmao Omo nw{>_mJu` Ord h| {VZHw$ kmZm{XH$ _mJZ_|h n[a`mJ H$mo ho.
Vmgy gXho `wV hm|` {dZHw$ {dZm{dMmagy n[a`mJ ^`mo hmo` gmo nMmmmnHo${bòhr
hmo`, VmHo$ A^mdHo${bò {dMmaH$mo Ama^ ho- Eg| H$hV h|.
Amo a lrnw fmo m_Or _hmamOZo Vmo Egmo A{^m` H$mo ho Omo
AVH$aU~moY_| Omo "nMmmmn' Amoa "n[a`mJ' nXH$mo boI ho gmo Om
A{^m`gy ho gmohr A{^m` `hm boZmo Mm{hò. gmo A{^m` Egmo Xrgo ho Omo
^yZZ| Xoh Amoa Xoe Ho$ n[a`mJ {df`H$ O~ lrAmMm`MaUZHw$ Amkm H$ar
V~ nwa:\y${VH$ {dMmaH$[aHo$ lrAmMm`MaUZZ| O~ dmH$mo nmbZ Zmht {H$`mo.
V~ AmnHw$ nMmmmn ^`mo. V~ bmoH$`mJ {df`H$ Vrgar Amkm ^B Vm g_`
Amn {dMma H$aV h| Omo ^JdmZ _oar Cna gZ h| qH$dm AgZ h|? Omo
AgZ hm|` Vmo _oar Cnojmhr H$a|, naVw Amkm Zmht H$a|. Amoa `hm Vmo Vrgar
Amkm ^B Vmgy gZ h| Egmo Vmo {ZM` hmo` ho. naVw W_ Xmo` AmkmH$mo
CbKZ {H$ògyh gZ a{hdoH$mo H$hm H$maU hmo`Jmo? Egmo {dMma H$[ado bJo
V~ lr^mJdVH$s gy_Q>rH$mH$s {Zd{m ^B, Vmgy XmZ$n-Xoe`mJ Amoa
_mYd^> H$m_rarH$s Xoh{Zd{mgy d{$n-Xoh`mJ ^yZZ|hr H$adm`mo ho.
Vmgy W_H$s XmoC Amkm ^wZZ|hr {g H$ar XrZr ho. Vog| Vrgar AmkmH$mo
A{^m`h Om{Zdo_| Zmht AmdV ho Egmo {ZM` H$[aHo$, `{n Xmo` Amkm
{g^B ho VWm{n ^yZZ| {g H$ar ho H$Nw> AmnZo Zmht H$ar, Vmgy Omo nMmVmn
^`mo ho VmH$s {Zd{m Ho$g| hmo`? Egmo {dMma H$[aHo$ Vrgar Amkm H$hm
{df`H$s ho? Ego {dMmagyhr W_H$s Xmo` Amkm Zmht H$[adoH$mo nMmmmn
^JdmZ {Zdm H$a|Jo Egmo {ZM` H$[aHo$ AnZr AdWmHo$ gyMZ nydH$ n[a`mJHo$
{Z$nUH$s {Vkm H$aV h| :
nMmmmn-{Zd`W n[a`mJmo {dMm`Vo&&
nMmmmn-{Zd`W=nMmmmn Xy[a H$[adoHo$ AW
g`mg{ZU`:
361
n[a`mJ=gnyU `mJ, {dMm`Vo ={~MmaV h|

^mdmW : nMmmmnH$s {Zd{mHo${bò Omo n[a`mJ ho VmH$mo {dMma {H$`mo Om`
ho.
Q>rH$m : AW lrAmMm`MaU g`mg{ZU`JWH$mo ma^ H$aV h|. `hm {dMmaH$mo
{b`mo ho Vmgy {d{Y-{ZfoY Zmht ho. `{X {dYmZH$s Amkm H$aVo Vmo {d{Y{ZfoYgy g~ZHw$ H$V`nZmo AmdVmo Vmgy {dYmZH$s Zmht H$[aHo$ {dMmaH$s Amkm
H$ar ho.
d$ngy, gmYZgy Amoa \$bgy ^pV_mJu` g`mg VWm A`_mJu`
g`mg nWV`m Om{Zdo_| Amdo Vmo A`_mJu` `mJH$mo d$n VWm `hm OmH$mo
{dMma hmo` ho VmH$mo VmaV` Om`mo Om` VmHo${bò W_ A`_mJu` `mJHw$
H$hV h|:
g _mJ { Vò mo Vmo ^Vm kmZo {deo f V&&1&&
g=dmo
{deofV={deofH$[aHo$
^Vm=^pV_| (M=Amoa)
kmZo=kmZ_| (B{V=Eg|)
_mJ{Vò=Xmo _mJ_|
moV=H$mo ho
^mdmW : gmo `mJ ^pV_mJ_| Amoa kmZ_mJ_| {deofH$[aHo$ Eg| Xmo` _mJZ_|
H$mo ho.
Q>rH$m : {deofgy `mJ, nw{>_mJ_| amg_S>b_S>Z^yV Omo dO^V h| {dZZ|hr
H$`m} ho. Vmgy ""g~ {df`ZHw$ N>mo{S>H|$ h_ AmnHo$ MaUma{dXHo$ _yb{V mV
^ò h|'' Eg| \$bH$aUHo$ W_m`m`_| dO^VZZ| H$mo ho. Amoa {dZH$s
brbm_|hr MVwWm`m`_| dO^VZ {V ^yZZ| H$mo ho Omo ""_oao{bòhr bmoH$
g`mg{ZU`:
362
doX Amoa g~YrZ H$mo Vw_Zo `mJ {H$`mo ho'' dhm {deofgy `mJ H$mo ho.
H$m`H$maH$mo {dMma H$aV h|.
Vog|hr kmZ_mJ_|h n[a`mJ {deof($n)gy H$mo ho. Vm_| EH$ {d{d{Xfmg`mg Amoa EH$ {dV-g`mg Ego ôXgy kmZ_mJHo$ em_| {Z$nU {H$`mo ho.
Vmgy "{deofV' Eg| H$mo ho&&1&&
^pV Amoa kmZ Eg| Xmo` _mJ_| H$m`Vm H$hr ho. Vm_| W_bmoH$_|
W_ ^pV_mJ_| H$m`Vm H$hr ho Vmgy VmH$mo {dMma H$aV h|. BVZ|, (n[a`mJ)
H$~ H$aZmo? Ho$g| H$aZmo! Amoa `m| H$aZmo? VmH$mo {dMma H$aV h|&&2&&
kmZ, H$_ Amoa ^pV Eg| VrZ _mJ EH$mXeH$Y_| ^JdmZZ| H$`mU
H$[adodmao H$ho h| Vm_o H$__mJh {J`mo ho. Vmgy H$__mJ_|h n[a`mJH$s mpV
hmo` ho Egr Ame>m H$[aHo$ VmH$mo {ZfoY H$aV h|:
^pV_mJ_| ldUm{X-gmYZZH$s {g{Ho${bò H$V`Ho$ njH$mo {ZamH$aU

H$aV h|:
H$_ _ mJ} Z H$V ` gw V am H${bH$mbV&&

AV AmXm ^pV_mJ} H$V `dmX {dMmaUm&&2&&
H$__mJ}=H$__mJ_|
H${bH$mbV=H${bH$mbhmo`dogy
gwVam={deof H$[aHo$
Z=Zmht
H$V`=H$[ado `mo` ho
AV=`m H$maUgy
^pV_mJ}=^pV_mJ_|
AmXm=a^_|
H$V`dmV=H$[ado`mo` hmo`dogy
{dMmaUm={dMma({H$`Vo=H$aoh|)
^mdmW : H${bH$mb hmo`dogy H$__mJ_| Vmo n[a`mJ H$m` Zmht ho. A~ Xmo`
_mJ aho, Vm_| W_ ^pV_mJ_| H$m`nZmo hmo`dogy VmH$mo {dMma hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, H$__mJ_| `mdOrdZ ApZhmo H$[adoH$mo {d{Y hmo`dogy g`mg
JhUH$[adoH$mo g_` Zmht AmdV ho. `{n ""Am`w`H$mo MVwW^mJ g`mgml_
H$[aHo$ `VrV H$aZm|'' Eg| H$moC Wb_| H$mo ho, VWm{n H${bXmofH$[aHo$
_Zw`ZH$mo Angm_` hmo`dogy Amoa MVwW^mJ Am`w`H$mo A{VOam`mV
hmo`dogy Aml_Y_ A{VH$>gyh {g hmoB gHo$ Zmht. Vmgy {dnarV\$bgmYH$nZmo
hmo`. Eg| kmZ_mJ_| H$m`Vm Amoa H$__mJ_| AH$V`Vm OVm`H|$ ^pV_mJ_|
g`mg{ZU`:
366
ldUm{X{gW H$V `Mo V g Zo `Vo &&

ghm`-ggm`dmV gmYZmZm M ajUmV &&3&&
A{^_mZmZ {Z`mo J mM V_ M {damo Y V&&
J h mXo a ~mYH$do Z gmYZmW VWm `{X&&4&&
AJ o @ {n Vme a o d gmo ^d{V Zm`Wm&&
d` M {df`mH $ mV nmfS>r `mmw H$mbV&&5&&
ldUm{X{gW=ldU Am{X
H$V`=H$[ado `mo` ho)
Am{N>^m{Vgm| hmogHo$ VXW
JhmXo=Ka Am{XHo$
g=dmo, H$V`=H$[ado
~mYH$doZ=~mYH$ hmo`dog
`mo`ho(Egmo), MoV=`{X
`{X=Omo,gmYZmW=gmYZHo$AW
(C`Vo=H$hmo), Z=Zmht
(g=dmog`mg;V{h=Vmo)
B`Vo=BN>do`mo`ho(`m|?)
VWm=dm _mU(Z H$V``V=Z
ghm`-ggm`dmV=ghm`Vm
H$aZmo,`m|Ho$)AJo=AmJo,
Amoa g gmo {g hmo`dodmamo hmo`dogy A{n=h, Vme=dogoZH$mo
M=Amoa,gmYZmZm=gmYZmZHo$
Ed=hr, g:=g
ajUmV=ajUgy
^d{V=hmo` ho
M=Amoa
A`Wm=Amoa H$maHo$ZH$mo
g`mg{ZU`:
364
A{^_mZmV=A{^_mZHo$ H$maU
(Ed=`m Vahgy)
V_=dm Y_Zgm|
{damoYV={damoY hmo`dogy
(g=dmo; Z=Zmht;
Z=Zmht, Vw=Amoa
H$mbV=H$mbgm|
{df`H$mV={df`_| AmgV
d`=IwX, M=h
nmfS>r=nmIS>r, `mV=hmo`
^mdmW : ldUm{XH$ZH$s d{mHo${bò `mJ H$aZmo Egmo nj hmo` Vmo gmo nj

`mo` Zmht ho. `m| Omo ldUm{XZH$s {g{ ghm` Amoa g gy hmoV ho. Amoa `mJ
(g`mg)_| Vmo dmHo$ gmYZ amIZo M{hò, Vmgy ldUm{XH$ZHo$ gmYZ hmo` gHo$
Zmht. Aml_H$s Cm_VmH$mo A{^_mZ hmo` Amoa g`mgHo$ Y_Zgm| ^pV_mJHo$
ldUHo$ Y_H$mo {damoY h ho, Vmgy ldUm{XH$ hmo` gHo$ Zmht. Amoa Jhm{XH$Ho$
dmYH$nZogy gmYZHo${bò n[a`mJ H$aZm| Eg| Omo hmo` Vmo `mJ {H$ò nrN>oh
EgoZH$mohr g hmo`, XygaoZH$mo hmo` Zmht. Amoa Amn H$mbgy nmfS>r hmo`.
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, ""Omo `mJr hmo` gmo AHo$bmo {Zg emV hmo`Ho$ {\$ao'' Egmo
em_| boI ho. Amoa ldUm{XH$ H$[ado_| ghm` VWm g Ad` M{hò V~
ldUm{XH$ hmo` gHo$. Amoa `mJ H$[ado_| OmH$mo g {_bo gmo AnZo _mJHo$
AZwgma ldUm{XH$ ~Vmdo, nw{>_mJu` ldUHw$ Vmo ~Vmdo Zmht. Oog| :
_m`mdmXr gJao OJVHw$ H$pnV _m{Zdodmao hmo`dogy OJV_| aho Ego
doXZHw$h H$pnV _mZV h|. Amoa doXZ_| ~Ho$ Omo JwU {Vnm{XV h| gmoh
`dhmamon`moJr h|, na_mW_| Zmht h| Vmgy _m`mdmXr ^pV_mJgy {d h|.
Z`m{`H$ZHo$ _V_| OJVHo$ H$VmnZ|gy Vmo BdaH$s {g{ ho VWm{n kmZ,
BN>m Amoa `Zm{Xgy A{V[aV Xygao Y_ Bda_| h| Eg| do Zmht _mZV h|. Vmgy
doh ^pV_mJgy {d h|.
_r_mgH$ __`r XodVm _mZV h|. \$b Xo`dodmamo Bda ho Eg| Zmht _mZV
g`mg{ZU`:
365
h|. Vmgy _r_mgH$ZHo$ _V_| Vmo ldUm{XH$ ho hr Zmht.

-Eg| {^Z-{^Z _VdmaoZH$mo g hmo`dogy ^pV_mJu` ldU {g hmo`
Zmht.
Amoa em{d{hV g`mg Aml_H$mo ArH$ma H$[aHo$ ^pVHo$ AW n[a`mJ
H$ao V~ Vmo g`mg Aml_Ho$ Y_ZH$mo nmbZ Amd`H$ hmo` Om`. V~ Vmo dm_|hr
gdH$mb `Vr` hmo` Om`. BVZ| ldUm{XH$ H$[adoH$mo g_`hr {_bo Zmht. Vog|
g`mgml_ g~Z_| AmXaUr` ho. Vmgm| AnZo_| lo>VmH$mo A{^_mZ hmo`, gmoh
^pV_mJgy {damoYr ho. Vog|hr g`mgml_ emH$s AmkmHo$ AmYrZ ho. Amoa
g` mgHo$ Y_ VWm ^pV_mJu` ldUHo$ Y_Z_ | nana {damoY ho. Vmgy ldUm{XH$ZH$s
{g{Ho${bò g`mg H$aZmo ò nj `mo` Zmht ho.
H$Xm{MV ^pV_mJu` ldUm{XH$Ho$ d$nHw$ Omo OmZVmo hmo` VmHw$
JhpW{V_| `mgH$[aHo$ ldUm{XH$ hmo` Zmht Ego H$maUgm| `mJ H$ao Vmo
dmHw$h gmYZXem_| Oogmo nyU^md ^pV_mJ_o M{hò dogmo Zmht hmo`dogy {ZaVa
ldUm{XH$ hmo` gHo$ Zmht. Amoa {MVH$s MMbVmgy EV_mJgy Omo {dOmVr`
hm|` {dZgyhr g hmo`. Amoa {OZHw$ ^JdX^md Z hmo` {dZH$mo {Mm {df`mH$mV
hmo`dogy gogoZH$mo g, Ang_` hmo` Vmoh, W_Ho$ ^mdH$mo Zme H$[aHo$
AnZHw$h {df`mH$mV H$[adoH$mo g^d hmo`. BVZ| W_Ho$ ^mdH$mo {Zdmh Zmht
hmo`dogy `mJ {H$`mo gmoh _w`\$bHw$ {gH$[adodmamo ^`mo Zmht. Vmgy ^pV_mJH$o
{dMma_| `mJ H$[adodmamo H$mbH$_gy nmfS>r hmo`&&3-5&&
`{n ^mdH$s pW{V_| Xwg ~mYH$ ho VWm{n ^mdH$s pW{VHo${bòhr
`mJH$mo CnH$_ {H$`mo ho Vmgy Xwg hmo`Jmo Vmoh ^md ahoJmo Egmo nj H$moC
H$hoVmo VmHo$ {ZamH$aUHo${bò A~ H$hVh|:
{df`mH $ mV-Xo h mZm Zm@@do e gd X m hao &&
AVmo @ gmYZo ^Vm Z d `mJ gw I mdh&&6&&
g`mg{ZU`:
366
({H$M=Amoa)
{df`mH$mVXohmZm=
{df`_| AmgV XohdmaoZH$m|
hao=lrH$UH$mo
Amdoe=Amdoe
gdXm=g~ g_`_|
Z=Zmht,AV=`mgy
A=`hm, ^Vm=^pV_|
gmYZo=gmYZ_|
`mJ=`mJ
gwImdh=gwIH$maH$
Z=Zmht, Ed=hr
^mdmW : {df`H$[aHo$ {OZH$mo Xoh AmH$mV ho {VZHw$ gdXm h[aH$mo Amdoe Z

aho. (_yb_| "gdWm' nmR> hmo` Vmo h[aH$mo {ZM` Amdoe Z aho, Egmo AW
g_OZm|) Vmgy gmYZ$n ^pV_mJ_| AWdm ^pV_mJH$s gmYZ Xem_| `mJ
gwIHw$ Xododmamo Zmht hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| Zo ^{V gdBp`ZHo$ $n ^{V g~ {df` h|. {VZH$[aHo$
{OZH$mo Xoh `mV ho {VZHw$ ({df`H$mo Amdoe X`_| hmo`dogy) h[aH$mo gdXm
Amdoe Zmht hmo` ho. `m| Omo Bp`ZHo$ {df`_| AmgpV hmo` gmo ^wHo$
Amdoe_| ~mYH$ ho. Vmgy ldUm{XH$ Omo gmYZ$n ^pV h| Vm(AdWm)_|
`mJ H$ao gmo nwfmWHw$ {g H$[adodmamo Z hmo`. _yb_| "Ed'H$ma ho Vmgy gdWm
nwfmWH$mo AgmYH$nZmo H$mo ho&&6&&
V~ ^pV_mJ_| `mJ H${hdoH$mo `moOZ Zmht hmo`dogy `mJH$s `WVm
hmo` ho Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
{dahmZw ^ dmW
Vw
n[a`mJ
e`Vo &&
dr`~Y-{Zd `W do f gmo @ Z Mm`Wm&&7&&
{dahmZw^dmW={dahH$mo
AZw^dH$[adoHo$ AW, Vw=Vmo
dof=dof (A{n=^r)
A=`hm
g`mg{ZU`:
367
n[a`mJ=`mJ
e`Vo=egm `mo` ho
M=Amoa, g=dmo
dr`~Y{Zd`W}=drÒZZHo$
~YZHw$ {ZdV H$[adoHo$ AW
A`Wm=A`H$magm|, Z=Zmht
^mdmW : ^JdmZHo$ {dahHo$ AZw^dHo${bò Vmo `mJ Cm_ H$mo ho. Amoa
`mJ_| H$mfm` dm{XH$ dof h| gmo AnZo g~YrZHo$ ~YZH$s {Zd{mHo${bò
ho, A`Wm Zmht h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| nw{>_mJu` n[a`mJ gnyU ^JdX^md ^ò nrN>o hmo`. `m| Omo
^JdmZHo$ {dahH$mo AZw^d Vmo g`moJgwIH$mo AZw^d ^`mo hmo` V~ {d`moJ_|
hmo`. Vmgy W_ ^mdnydH$ ^JdmZHo$ lr_wIH$mo XeZ H$aVmo hmo`, Amoa lrAH$s
godm H$aVmo hmo`, Vm_| Omo AmZX mV hmoVmo hmo` gmo {d`moJ_| XeZ VWm godm
H$mo gwI Zmht {_bdogy {dah hmo` VmH$mo AZw^d H$[adoHo${bò Jhm{XH$H$mo `mJ
H$ao gmo Cm_ ho. Ego `mJ_| ewnw{>_mJu` ^mddmamo hmo` gmohr A{YH$mar ho.
Egmo nyU^mddmamo Omo hmo` VmHw$ gdm_^mddmao Omo ^V h| {VZHo$ g~Ydmar
Omo amgm{XH$brbm ho VmH$mo {dMma Ad` hmo`. VmH$[aHo$ Amoa ò brbm
na_\$b$n ho VmH$[aHo$ nyd H$ho Ego ^VHw$h EV_mJu`nZmo hmo`dogy Egmo \$b
{_bdoH$s A`V A{^bmfm hmo` naVw `m g_`_| dmH$s A{^bmfm nyU hmo`
Zmht Amoa nyU H$[adodmaoH$mo XeZh hmo` Zmht Vmgy {dah Ad` hmo`. Amoa Jh_|
Omo _Zw` aho hm|` gmo {dOmVr`^mddmao hmo`dogy {dZH$mo g `mHo$ ^mdH$mo Zme
H$[adodmamo hmo`, VmH$[aHo$ {dahH$mo AZw^d hmo` Zmht. Vmgy JhH$mo `mJ H$aZmo
Amd`H$ ho. Amoa dmH$mo `mJ OVm`doHo${bò H$mfm`m{XH$ `mJHo$ dofH$s
H$nZm(=`dWm) ho. BVZ|, `{X g`mgH$mo dof Z hmo` Vmo r-nwm{XH$
Am`H|$ {V~Y H$a|. Amoa dof (g`m{gH$mo YmaU) {H$`mo hmo` Vmo r-nwm{XH$
Xo{IH|$ ""ò Vmo g`mgr hmo` J`mo ho'' Eg| Om{ZHo$ Xya aho Vmo {V~Y H$[a gHo$
Zmht. Vmgy g`mgrH$mo dof ho, Amoa H$Nw> `moOZ Zmht ho&&7&&
_`mXm_mJ_| VWm nw{>_mJ_| JhH$mo `mJ g_mZ ho VWm{n _mJHo$ ôXH$mo
{Z$nU H$[adoHo${bò `mJH$mo {Z{_m {^Z ~Vm`H|$ Jw$ Amoa gmYZ H$mo
g`mg{ZU`:
368
{Z$nU H$aV h|:

H$m p S>`mo Jmo { nH$m mo Vm Jw a d gmYZ M VV &&
^mdmo ^mdZ`m {g gmYZ Zm`X B`Vo &&8&&
H$mpS>`=H$mpS>` F${f
(M=Amoa)Jmo{nH$m=Jmo{nOZ
Jwad=Jw, moVm=H$hoJòh|
M=Amoa, VV=dmo
gmYZ=gmYZ
(VXmM[aV_od B{V AW=
{dZHo$ AmMaUhr h| Egmo AW ho.
qH$ VV=dmo gmYZ H$hm h|?)

^mdZ`m=^mdZmgy
{g={g ^`mo
^md=^md(ho)
A`V=Xygao
gmYZ=gmYZ
Z=Zmht, B`Vo=Ano{jVh|
^mdmW : H$mpS>` F${f Amoa lrJmonrOZ `mJHo$ Jw* H$ho Jò h|. Amoa
gmYZh `h ho Omo ^mdZmH$[aHo$ ^md {g hmo`, Amoa gmYZ BpN>V Zmht ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| H$mpS>` F${f AZVdVHo$ g_| {Z${nV h| Amoa lrJmonrOZ
Vmo {g h| Vmgy {deof H$ma Zmht H$mo ho.
`{n H$mpS>` F${f _`mXm_mJu` hmo`dogy Amoa {dZHw$ EV_mJH$mo kmZ
Zmht hmo`dogy CnXo>nZmo Zmht ho, Vmgy JwnZmo g^do Zmht, VWm{n Xmmo`H$s
ZmB dam`_| Cn`moJr Ego {dZHo$ Y_ {eIdogy Oog| Xmmo`Z| ndr ^VrZH$mo
JwnZo_| ArH$ma {H$`mo ho Vog| H$m{S>`Hw$ AZVHo$ JwUH$mo ldU H$[aHo$ {dZHw$
{_bdoHo${bò Am{m ^B. Vmgy {d`moJ^md ^`mo, VmH$[aHo$ {dH$bVm hmo`dogy
Z H$[adoHw$ A`mo` Ego djm{XZHw$h Z H$[ado bmJo. Eg| H$m{S>`H$mo `mJ
Amoa EV_mJu`-`mJ g_mZ ho Vmgy H$m{S>`_| JwnZmo H$mo ho.
Amoa lrJmonrOZZh CnXoe H$[adodmao Zmht h| VWm{n _mJ H$Q> H$[aHo$
g`mg{ZU`:
369
Amoa {dZHo$ ^mdHo$ AZwHy$b AmMaU H$[aHo$ Amoa nMm`m`r_| Xoh ^VrZH$mo
{dahgy `mJ H$[aHo$ ^yZHo$ g_rn Jò h| Egmo `mJ `hm h A^r> hmo`dogy {dZ
JmonrOZZH$mo JwnZmo H$mo ho. Amoa AnZo_| lrJmonrOZZHo$ ^mdHo$ AZw$n
^mdZmH$[aHo$ {g ^`mo Omo ^md VmH$mo gmYZnZmo C{MV ho. Xygamo (XmZdVm{XH$)H$mo
gmYZnZmo BpN>V Zmht ho&&9&&
Egmo ^md CnZ ^ò nrN>| Omo AdWm hmo`dodmar ho Omo ~w{Hw$ {\$amB Xo`
V~ XwIHo$ H$maU$n hmo`, VmH$[aHo$ mH$VnZmo hmo` Om` Egr Ame>mH$mo
n[ahma {dZHo$ ^mdHo$ d$nH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ H$aV h|:
{dH$bd VWm@dm` H $ {V H $ V Z{h&&
kmZ Jw U mM V` d dV _ mZ` ~mYH$m&&9&&
{dH$bd={dH$bVm
VWm=Amoa
Adm`=AdWVm
({dah`={dahH$mo)
H${V=d^md ho
(VV=dmo)mH$V=H$V
Z=Zmht, {h=hr ho
kmZ=kmZ, M=Amoa
JwUm=JwU, Ed=Eg|
dV_mZ`=~aVdodmaoHw$
V`={dZHw$
~mYH$m=~mYH$ h|
^mdmW : {dH$bnZmo VWm AdWnZmo {dH$b^mdH$s H${V ho, mH$VnZmo

Zmht ho. Amoa Ego ^md_| Omo amo ho VmHw$ kmZ VWm JwU ~mYH$ h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, OmHw$ {d`moJ^md ^`mo ho VmHw$ {dH$bVm hmo`, Xygao H$mCWb_|
dWVm Z aho. gmo dmHo$ dm^m{dH$ Y_ h|, bm{H$H$ Zmht ho. gmo AW `wV
ho Eg| OVm`doHo${bò "{h' A`` {b`mo ho. `m| Omo EH$mXeH$Y_| kmZHo$
{Z$nUHo$ Vmd_|h ""H$d`m{XH$ kmZHw$h gJwUnZmo ho'' Eg| {Z$nU H$[aHo$
""_oao_| Omo kmZ amo ho gmo {ZJwU ho'' Eg| H${hH|$ d{df`H$ kmZH$mo {ZJwUnZmo
g`mg{ZU`:
370
H$mo ho. Ohm _`mXm_mJ_|h ^JdmZHo$ g~pYnZogy dVwH$mo {ZJwUnZmo ho Vhm

gmjmV g~Zgy A{YH$ Ego ^pV_mJg~pY ^JdX^mdgy Omo Y_ hmo` h|
{VZHw$ {ZJwUnZmo hmo` Vm_| H$hm H$hoZmo? Egmo A{^m` "{h' A``gy gy{MV
hmo` ho.
Vhm e>m hmo` Omo ^JdmZHo$ g~Ygy {ZJwUnZmo ^bo hmo` Vmoh
{d`moJ^mdH$mo XwIm_H$nZmo hmo`dogy g~Zgy CH$>nZm| `m|? Egr e>m hmo`
VmH$mo g_mYmZ Eg| H$aZmo Omo nwfmom_H$mo d$n agm_H$ ho. Amoa ag, g`moJ
VWm {d`moJ Eg| Xmo` H$maH$mo hmo`dogy {d`moJHw$h agnZmohr ho. Vmgy Oog|
emoH$gy Alw Amd| VmHw$ XwI$nnZmo Amoa AmZXgy Alw Amdo VmHw$ gwI$nnZmo
ho, Vm_| AlwnZmo g_mZ ho VWm{n \$b g_mZ Zmht ho Vog| {d`moJHw$ XwI$nnZmo
Zmht ho.
Egr {dH$b AdWm_| amo Egmo {d`moJH$s ^mdZmdmamo Omo ho VmHw$
gdOJV ^JdmZH$mo eara ho Egmo kmZ, ldU-H$smZ VWm kmZHo$ {df`$n
^JdmZHo$ JwU h ~mYH$ hmoV h|. BVZ| AVH$aU_| {d`moJ ^md amo hmo` gmo
gdOJV ^JdmZH$mo eara ho Amoa gd ^JdmZ {damOo h| Ego kmZgy OmV ahV
ho. Vog| ldU-H$smZm{XH$Ho$ {df`$n Omo ^JdmZHo$ JwU Vmgy ^JdmZHo$
{dahH$[aHo$ Omo {ddbVm ^B hmo` gmoh OmV ahV ho. Eg| kmZ Amoa JwU H$mo
~mYH$nZmo ho Vog| bm{H$H$ kmZ Amoa _ZH$s dWVmHo$ H$maU$n JwUh {d`moJ
agHo$ AZw^d VWm \$b_| {V~YH$ h|&&9&&
kmZ_mJ_| Amoa ^pV_mJ_| KaH$mo `mJ Vmo g_mZ ho V~ kmZ VWm _ZH$s
dWVmHw$ kmZ_mJ_| gmYH$nZmo ho V~ ^pV_mJ_| ~mYH$nZmo Ho$g|? Egr
e>mHo$ g_mYmZHo${bò \$bôXH$[aHo$ g_mYmZ H$aV h|:
g`bmo H o $ pW{Va kmZmV g ` mgo Z {deo { fVmV &&
^mdZm gmYZ ` \$b Mm@{n VWm ^do V &&10&&
g`mg{ZU`:
371
g`mgoZ=g`mgHo$ mam
{deo{fVmV={deof^ò
pW{V=pW{V
(^d{V=hmo` ho)M=Amoa
`=Ohm(`mer=Oogr)
^mdZm=^mdZm
kmZmV=kmZgy
g`bmoHo$=g`bmoH$_|
gmYZ=gmYZ(V=Vhm)
\$b=\$b, A{n=h
VWm=dm H$maH$mo
^doV=hmo` ho
^mdmW : g`mggy Cm_VmHw$ mV^ò kmZgy g`bmoH$H$s J{V {_bo ho. `m|
Omo Om _mJ_| Oogr ^mdZm gmYZ hmo` dmgy \$bh dogmohr {_bo ho.
Q>rH$m : g`mgH$[aHo$ {deof ^`mo Egmo Omo kmZ Vmgy g`bmoH$_| pW{V hmoV
ho. BVZ|, ~ gd `mnH$ ho Egmo kmZ hmo` Amoa dmHo$ g g`mgh hmo` V~
~bmoH$_| pW{V hmo`. dm {df`_| V{mar`lw{V_| H$mo ho Omo ""doXmV_|
{dkmZgy {OZZ| AmN>r ar{Vgy AWH$mo {ZM` {H$`mo ho Amoa g`mg`moJgy {OZH$mo
AVH$aU ew ^`mo ho Ego Omo g`m{g bmoJ h| do ~bmoH$_| Om` h| Amoa
~mOrH$s _wpVHo$ g _wV hmo` h|''. Amoa N>mXmo`lw{V_| Vmo ""`m bmoH$_|
Oogo `kdmbmo nwf hmo` ho Vogmohr _aUmZVa hmo` ho'' Egmo H$mo ho. Vm_|
VVar` lw{V_| ~mH$s _wpVHo$ g_`_| _wpV hmo`doH$mo {b`mo ho Amoa N>mXmo`lw{V_|
Vmo _aUmZVa ^mdZmZwgma nmabm{H$H$\$b hmo`doH$mo H$mo ho. Vmgy Omo nwf_|
^mdZm gmYZ ho dhm Egmo \$b hmo`. AWmV kmZ`wV Omo g`mgr ho dmHw$hr
~bmoH$_| pW{V hmo`Ho$ ~mHo$ g dmH$mo _moj hmo` ho. Vmgy ~bmoH$_|
Om`do_| kmZH$shr _w`Vm ho. Amoa dm` Z hmo` Vmo kmZ pWa hmo` Zmht,
Vmgy _ZH$s dWVm {gH$[adodmamo kmZhr ho.
Amoa ^pV_mJ_| gmjmV nwfmom_Ho$ g~YHw$hr \$bnZmo ho. Amoa nwfmom_
agm_H$ h| Egmohr lw{V_| H$mo ho.Vmgy BZHo$ g~Y_| {d`moJagm_H$
^mdHw$hr gmYZnZmo ho. kmZ Amoa _ZH$s dWVm ^VrZHw$ Vmo ^mdH$mo
ZmeH$nZmo h|. Vmgy Ohm ^mdZm$n gmYZ ho dhm \$bh Vogm| hmo` Egmo A{^m`
N>mXmo`lw{VH$moho&&10&&
g`mg{ZU`:
372
Eg| XmoC _mJ_| H$maHo$ ôXH$[aHo$ gmYZ Amoa \$b H$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$
kmZ_mJ_| \$bmpV_| {db~ hmo` ho Amoa ^pV_mJ_| Zmht hmo` ho VmH$mo
H$maU H$hV h|:
Vmem g`bmo H $mXm {V> ò d Z g e `&&
~{hMoV H$Q> dm_m dpZdV {deoX `{X&&11&&
VX d gH$bmo ~Ymo Zmf_o { V Z Mm`Wm&&
Vmem=dogo
g`bmoH$mXm=g`bmoH$ Am{X_|
Ed=hr, {V>{V=aho h|
Z=Zmht, ge`=gXoh ho
(^Vm Vw=^pV_| Vmo)
MoV=`{X, ~{h=~hma
H$Q>=H$Q>
dm_m=AnZmo Am_m
dpZdV=ApZH$s Vah
`{X=Omo (nwZ={\$a)
{deoV=doe H$a
VXm=V~, Ed=hr
gH$b=g~, ~Y=~YZ
Zme=ZmeHw$, E{V=Vhm|`
M=Amoa, A`Wm=Xygar Vah
Z=Zmht
^mdmW : g`mgJhU nydH$ kmZr hmo` gmo ~bmoH$ Am{X_|hr pW{V aho ho.
naVw ^pV_mJ_| Vmo Omo ~hma JQ> ^`mo dm_m ^JdmZ, ApZ Oog| H$m>_|
nwZ doe H$ao Vog|, O~ ^VZHo$ AVH$aU_| doe H$a| V~hr dmHo$ gH$b
~YZH$mo Zme hmo` ho, Amoa Vahgy ~YZme g^d Zmht ho.
Q>rH$m : g`mg`wV Omo kmZr ho gmo g`bmoH$m{XH$_|hr aho ho, dm_| ge` Zmht
ho. Vmgy kmZ_mJ_| _wpV hmo`do_| {db~ hmo` ho. Amoa ^pV_mJ_| Vmo Oog|
H$m>Ho$ ^rVa ApZ `mV hmo`Ho$ amo ^`mo ho VWm{n H$m>H$m| XhZ H$[ado_|
g_W Zmht ho Vmgy ~m{haH$mo ApZ ^rVa {d> hmo`Ho$ ^rVaHo$ ApZHw$ {_bo V~
H$m>Hw$ Oog| XhZ H$[aHo$ ApZ$n H$[a Xo` ho Eg| gd `mV Omo ~H$mo
g`mg{ZU`:
373
d$n ho gmo _wpV H$[ado_| g_W Zmht ho naVw ~m{ha H$Q> ^`mo Egmo Omo
Am_d$n ho gmo ^rVa {d> hmo`H|$ ^rVaHo$ d$nHo$ g {_bo ho V~hr g_J
g~YHw$ ZmeH$[aHo$ _wV H$[a XoV ho, A`Wm _wV Zmht hmo` ho.
BVZ| g`mg`wV kmZrZH$s pW{V g`bmoH$_| hmo` ho. Vm_|h Omo {ZH$m_
hm|` gmo Vmo g`bmoH$_| ah|, Omo gH$m_ hm|` gmo Vmo Xygao bmoH$_|h Om` h|, Eg|
OVm`doHo${bò _yb_| "Am{X'eX H$mo ho. Amoa g`bmoH$_| {OVZo ahV h| {VZ
g~ZH$s _wpV ~mOrHo$ g hmo` ho. Vmgy Xmo` nam VmB ~mOr ah| V~ VmB
{dZH$s _wpV hmo`do_| {db~ hmo` ho. Amoa ^pV_mJ_| Vmo ApZH$mo >mV
{X`mo ho Vmgy Eg| OVm`mo ho Omo Oog| H$m>_| {d_mZ ApZHw$ H$m>H$mo Xmh H$[ado_|
`mo`Vm Zmht ho; naVw _WZ H$[aHo$ dm_|gyhr ApZ H$Q> hmo`Ho$ ^rVaHo$ ApZHw$
O~ {_bo V~ dmH$mo H$m>nZmo {Zdm hmo`Ho$ ApZnZmo {g hmo` ho Vog| ^VZHo$
X`_| `{n ^JdmZ {~amOV h| VWm{n {dZH$mo ^JdynnZm| H$[ado_| `mo` Zmht
ho, naVw {dJmT> ^mdH$[aHo$ ~m{ha H$Q> hmo`Ho$ O~ ^rVaHo$ d$nHw$ {_b|
V~hr VmHo$ {V~YHw$ Xya H$[aHo$ dmH$mo ^JdynnZmo gnmXZ H$ao h|. Egmo \$b
{g H$[ado_| Xygamo H$ma Zmht ho&&11&&
Vhm e>m hmo` Omo {dJmT> ^mdHw$ gmjmV gHo$ A^mdHo$ H$maU gHo${bò
d$nHo$ AZwgYmZH$moh Amd`H$nZmo ho Vmgy JwUJmZH$[aH|$ dm` `m| Z
hmo`? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
Jw U mVw gam{h`mO OrdZmW ^dpV {h&&12&&
JwUm=JwU, Vw=Vmo
gam{h`mV=ga{hV hmo`dogy
OrdZmW=OrdZHo$ AW
^dpV=hm|` ho, {h=hr
^mdmW : ldU H$sVZ Am{X_| gXm AmVo ^wHo$ JwU Vmo ^VZHo$ OrdZHo${bò
h|, `m|Ho$ ^wH$mo g Ohm VmB Z hmo` Vhm VmB ^V lrh[aHo$ JwUZH$aH|$hr
AnZmo OrdZ amI gHo$ h|.
g`mg{ZU`:
374
Q>rH$m : ga{hVnZmo ho Vmgy JwU Vmo OrdZHo${bò hmo` h|. BVZ|, Ord O~gy
^JdmZgy {~Nw>`m} ho V~gy dmHw$ ^JdmZH$mo g Zmht ho. naVw O~ VmB
^JdmZHo$ {d`moJH$s \y${m Zmht ^B ho V~ VmB dmHw$ {d`moJH$mo XwI Zmht ho.
Vmgy O~ dmHw$ {d`moJH$s \y${m hmo` V~ {d`moJH$mo XwI hmo`. Vm g_` dmH$s
dWVm a{hdo_| ^JdmZHo$ JwUHw$ N>m{S>Ho$ Xygamo H$moB gmYZ Zmht ho. `m|, Omo
^JdmZ na_mZX h|. {dZH$mo {dah hmo` V~ OrdZ aho Zmht. Vm g_`_|
na_mZXHo$ JwUhr OrdZHw$ gnmXZ H$[a gH$V h|. gmohr ~mV lrJmonrOZZZ|
Jmo{nH$mJrV_| H$hr ho: ""AmnH$s H$Wm$n A_V ho gmo VVH$mo OrdZ ho''. Amoa
AHy$aOrHo$ g ^JdmZ _WwamOr nYmao V~ ^JdmZHo$ aWH$s dOm Amoa aWH$s
aO Xo{Ido_| AmB V~ VmB Vmo {MH$sgr ZmB g~ JmonrOZ R>mS>o aho Amoa nrN>o
^JdmZ nmN>o {\$a|Jo Egr Amem {Zdm ^B V~ {dZH$mo JwUJmZ H$[aHo$ emoH$a{hV
hmo`Ho$ {XZ `VrV
H$aV ^ò, Eg| H$mo ho. Vhmh JwUJmZH$mohr OrdZgnmXZnZm| H$mo ho.
Vmgy OrdZHo${bò JwUJmZ hmo` ho naVw dmgy dWVm Zmht aho ho&&12&
Vhm e>m hmo` Omo {d`moJ^md_| Omo amo ho VmHw$ ^JdmZHo$ JwUh ^mdHo$
~mYH$ ~Zo h| V~ {OZHo$ {dahH$s ^mdZm ho gmo ^JdmZh {db~Hw$ gnmXZ
H$[adodmao hmo`dogy ~mYH$ Ho$go Zmht _mZZo? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
^JdmZ \$b$ndmV Zm@ ~mYH$ B`Vo &&
dm`dm` Z H$V ` X`mbw a Z {dVo &&13&&
\$b$ndmV=\$b$n hmo`dogy
^JdmZ=^JdmZ, A=`hm
~mYH$={V~Y H$[adodmao
Z=Zmht, B`Vo=BpN>V h|
dm`dm`=dWVmH$maH$ dMZ
Z=Zmht, H$V`=H$[ado`mo`h|
(`V=`m|Ho$)
X`mbw=X`mbw, Z=Zmht
g`mg{ZU`:
375
(^JdVm=^JdmZmam)
{dX`Vo={d hmoV h|
^mdmW : ^JdmZ \$b$n h| Vmgy `hm ~mYH$ Zmht h|. Amoa dWVmH$mo dm`
^JdmZHw$ H$m` Zmht ho. `m| Omo ^JdmZ X`mbw h| Vmgy {d Zmht hmo` h|;
AWdm {damoY Zmht hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| `m _mJ_| ^JdmZhr \$b$n h| Amoa {dZH$s mpV_| {d`moJ^mdH$mohr
gmYH$nZm| ho. gmo `{X Z hmo` Vmo \$bH$s mpV hmo` Zmht. Vmgy ^JdmZ `{X
{V~YH$ hm|` Vmo \$bnZmohr {g Z hmo` Vmgy ^JdmZ ~mYH$ Zmht h|.
Vhm e>m hmo` Omo ^JdmZHw$ \$bm_H$nZmo ho Amoa \$b Xo`doH$s CZH$s
BN>mh ho Vmgy H$Xm{MV d$nH$[aH|$ {d`moJHo$ XwIHw$ {Zdm Zmht H$a| Vmo
^bo naVw H$Nw>H$ (AmdmgZHo$) dm` H${hHo$ dWVm `m| Z H$aV h|? BVZ|
Oog| ZmaXOrHw$ XeZ Xo`H|$ ^w {Vamo{hV ^ò V~ \o$[a XeZHo${bò ZmaXOr `Z
H$aV hVo. V~ AmH$medmUrgy Amkm H$ar Omo ""{ZpXV `m bmoH$Hw$ N>m{S>Ho$ _oao
OZnZoH$w Vy mV hmo`Jmo''. Eg| dWVmH$mo dm` H$mo ho Vog| `hm {d`moJ^mdgy
VV ^VZHw$ dWVm `m| Zmht H$aV h|? Egr e>m hmo` VmH$s {Zd{mHo${bò
H$hV h| Omo dWVm hmo` Egmo dm` ^JdmZHw$ H$m` Zmht ho. `m| Omo ^JdmZ
X`mbw h| Vmgy {d Z hm|`. BVZ|, ZmaXOrHo$ H$fm` nd Zmht ^ò hVo naVw
ew^mddmao hVo Vmgy dWVm hmo`doHo${bò {Vamo{hV hmo`Ho$hr dm` H${hHo$
dW {H$ò h|. Amoa `hm Vmo AVJhJVmH$s ZmB {dZH$mo {V~Y ho gmo VH$mb
{Zdm H$aZmo ho gmo {V~Y {dahHo$ VmnHo$ XwIgy Amoa ^rVa Am{d^md ^òHo$
Am{bZHo$ gwIgyhr {Zdm H$aZmo ho. `m| Omo {dZH$mo ^md CH$Q> ho. Vmgy Ego
^VZHw$ dm` H${hH|$ dWVm H$a| Vmo AVJhJVmZH$mo Oog| erK \$b {_`mo
Vog| Zmht {_bo, Vmo X`mbwnZ_| {damoY Amdo. Vmgy dWVmH$mo dm` ^JdmZHw$
H$V` Zmht ho&&13&&
Eg| ^pV_mJu` g`mgHo$ d$nH$mo gmYZ Amoa \$bHo$ H$maH$mo {dMma
H$[aHo$ Cnghma H$aV h|:
g`mg{ZU`:
376
Xw b ^ mo @ ` n[a`mJ o Um {gX {V Zm`Wm&&

A`=ò, n[a`mJ=`mJ
oUm=o_gm|
{g{V={g hmodo ho
Xwb^=H$>gm` ho
A`Wm=Amoa H$moB Vahgm|
Z=Zmht({g{V={g hmo` ho)
^mdmW : `m H$maH$mo ò ^pV_mJu` g`mg Xwb^ ho. gmo o_gyhr mV hmo`

gHo$ ho, Vn XmZ Am{X gmYZZgy Xwm` ho.
Q>rH$m : Eg| ^pV_mJu` `h n[a`mJ Xwb^ ho. gmo o_H$[aH|$ {g hmo`.
A`Wm dV, XmZ Amoa Vn Am{X gmYZgyh {ghmo` gHo$ Egmo Zmht ho. `m|
Omo Ego `mJH$m| {g H$[adoH$mo gmYZ H$moC em_| H$mo Zmht ho. Ho$db
o_H$[aH|$hr {g hmo` ho. ^JdmZ_| o_ Zmht hmo` Vmo ^pV_mJu` `mJ {g
Z hmo`&&
kmZ_mJ} Vw g ` mgmo {{dYmo @ {n {dMm[aV&&14&&
kmZmW _ CmamM {g{a O_eV na_ &&
kmZ M gmYZmno j `km{XldUm_V_ &&15&&
kmZ_mJ}=kmZ_mJ_|
g`mg=g`mg
Vw=Vmo, kmZmW}=kmZHo$AW
M=Amoa
Cmam=kmZHo$ Cmam$n
(B{V=Eg|) {{dY=
Xmo H$maH$mo, A{n=h
{dMm[aV={dMm`m} ho
na=naVw
O_eV=g|H$S>mo ~ag nmN>|
{g{=\$b
`mV=hmo` ho)
`km{XldUmV=`km{XHo$ gw{Zdo_|
Am`dogm|, kmZ=kmZ, M=h
gmYZmnoj=gmYZH$s Anojmdmamo
_V=_m`mo ho
g`mg{ZU`:
377
^mdmW : kmZ_mJ_| Omo g`mg ho gmo Vmo kmZ hmo`doHo${bò(=nydm) VWm kmZ
^ò nrN>|(=Cmam) Eog| Xmo` H$maH$mo H$mo ho. naVw dm XmoC VahHo$ g`mg
VWm kmZ gy g|H$S>moZ O__| _moj {_bo ho. Amoa `km{XH$H$mo ldU ho Vmgy kmZh
gmYZH$s Anojm amIo ho
Q>rH$m : kmZ_mJ_| kmZHo${bò {d{d{Xfmg`mg Amoa {dg`mg Ego ôXgy Xmo`
H$maHo$ g`mg H$ho h|. Amoa `km{XH$H$mo ldU ho Vmgy kmZh gmYZH$s Anojm
amIo ho; BVZ| kmZ$n \$bH$s {g{ g|H$S>mo dfZ_| hmo` ho. gmo JrVmOr_| H$mo
ho Omo ""kmZdmZ ho gmo ~hmoV O_ZHo$ AV_| ò gd dmgwXod ho Eg| Om{ZHo$ _oar
eaU_| AmdV ho, gmo _hm_m A`V Xwb^ ho''. Vm_| g~ dmgwXod$n ho, Egr
eaUmJ{V kmZdmZHw$ ~hmoV O_Ho$ AV_| hmo`doH$mo H$mo ho&&15&&
A~ H${b`wJ_| g`mggy H$Nw> \$b {g Zmht hmo` ho gmo H$hV h|:
AVH$bm g g ` mg nMmmmnm` Zm`Wm&&
nmfpS> d ^do V Mm{n V_mV kmZo Z g ` go V &&16&&
gw V am H${bXmo f mUm ~bdmX B{V pWV_ &&
AV=`mgm|, H$bm=H${bH$mb_|
g=dmo, g`mg=g`mg
nMmVVmnm`=nMmmmnHo$ AW
(^d{V=hmo` ho)
A`Wm=Amoa H$moB H$magm|
(M=Vmo) Z=Zmht
M=Amoa, nmfpS>d=nmI{S>nZm|
A{n=h, ^doV=hmo`
V_mV=Vmgm|,H${bXmofmUm=
H${bHo$XmofZHo$,gwVam=dogoh
~bdmV=~b hmo`dogy
kmZo=kmZ_|, Z=Zmht
g`goV=g`mgr hmoZm|
B{V=Egr, pWV_=pW{V ho
g`mg{ZU`:
378
^mdmW : Vmgy kmZ_mJu` g`mg H${b`wJ_| nMmVmnHo${bòhr hmo` ho A`Wm

Zmht. Amoa nmf{S>nZmoh hmo` ho. Vmgy kmZ_mJ_| g`mg JhU Z H$ao. `m| Omo
H${bHo$ Xmof A{Ve` ~b h|. Vmgy kmZ_mJ_| g`mg H$V` Zmht ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, kmZ ho gmo H$_, `mZ VWm ^pV $n gmYZZH$s Anojm amIV
ho. Vm_| _mU H$hV h| Omo kmZH$s Cn{m_| g~ gmYZZH$s Anojm ho. Oog| H$moC
XyaXoe_| mV hmo`do_| Adm{XH$H$s Anojm hmoV ho Eg| kmZH$s mpV_|h g~
gmYZH$s Anojm ho. `m| Omo {ZH$m_Hw$h `km{X H$[adoH$mo lw{V_| H$mo ho. Vmgy
Ho$db e_-X_m{XH$H$[aH|$ kmZ mV Zmht hmo` ho; {H$Vw Aml_Ho$ AZwgma
H$_h g hmo` V~ kmZ mV hmo`doH$mo `mggy_| H$mo ho. Eg| {d{d{Xfm
g`mg {dfo H${hHo$ {dg`mg {dfo H$hV h|:
""kmZgyhr _moj hmo` ho'' Eg| dm`gy kmZH$s {g{ hmo` Vm nmN>|
_wpV$n \$b {g hmo` ho. Vmgy {dg`mg _wpVH$mo A ho. `{n {dV
g`mg _wpVH$mo A ho VWm{n JrVmOrHo$ dm`_| kmZdmaoHw$ ~hmoV O_ AV_|
eaUmJ{V hmo`doH$mo {b`mo ho. Amoa eaUmJ{VHw$ ^pVnZm| ho Vmgy ^pV {dZm
Ho$db kmZ _wpVH$mo gmYZ Zmht ho. Amoa `k {MmH$s ew{H$mo H$maU ho. gmo
{ZH$m_ {H$`mo hmo` V~hr {MmH$s ew{ H$ao ho. Egmo {ZH$m_ `k H$ao V~hr
{Mm ew hmo`Ho$ kmZ mV hmo` ho.
kmZ_mJ_| {d{d{Xfm g`mg_| gmYZZH$s Anojm ~hmoV ahV ho. Vm{gdm`
kmZH$mo CX` Z hmo`. VWm@{n XwamJhgm| `{X H$moC g`mg JhU H$ao Vmo dogmo
g`mg nMmmmnHo${bòhr hmo` ho; BVZmohr Zmht naVw nmfpS>nZmoh hmo` ho. `m|
Omo e_-X_m{XH$ H$Nw> {g Z ^ò hm|` Amoa g`mg JhU H$ao V~ {^jm{XH$H$s
ew{ hmo` Zmht. Vmgy AVH$aU_| AZXmofH$s ghm`Vmgy AVH$aUH$s
_{bZVm {deof hmo`dogy H$m_-H$moYm{XH$ hmo`Ho$ Y_gy nmV hmo` ho. Amoa
{dg`mg Vmo H${b`wJ_| g^dhr Zmht ho, Vmgy H${b`wJ_| g`mgH$mo {ZfoY
H$aZhmao emH$maZZ|hr Egmo {ZfoY {H$`mo ho Omo H${b`wJ_| g`mg Zmht H$aZm|.
`m| Omo g`mg _| BVZmo `Z ho Eg| Om{ZHo$h AnZr {V>mH$s d{Ho${bò
g`mg JhU H$ao Vmo g`mgml_Ho$ Y_ {Z{^ gHo$ Zmht. BVZ| dof_m_| g`mgH$mo
g`mg{ZU`:
379
n`dgmZ hmo`dogy nmfpS>nZmo hmo`. Vmgy kmZ_mJ_| g`mg JhU Z H$ao. Eg|
kmZ_mJ_| g`mg JhU H$[ado_| ~mYH$ ho; VWm{n AmJhgm| g`mg JhU H$ao
Vmo H${bHo$ Xmof A{Ve` ~b hmo`dogy dmH$mo nmVhr hmo` Eg| emH$maZZ|
{ZU` {H$`mo ho. BVZ| lrJrVmOr VWm lr^mJdV 11 H$Y_| ^JdmZZ|
g`mgJhUH$s Amkm H$ar ho Vm_| {dVmagy {ddoMZ {H$`mo ho. VmH$s H$V`VmHo$
{dMma_| BVZmo {g ^`mo Omo- H$__mJ_| O{_{ZHo$ _V_| n[a`mJH$s AH$V`Vmho.
- kmZ_mJ_| MVwWml_Ho$ njH$[aH|$ H$V`nZmo ho Vmoh H${bH$mbHo$ H$maU
Aml_Y_ {Z^ Z gH|$ Vmgy AH$V`Vmho.
- Amoa ^pV_mJ_| H$V`nZogy H$mo ho Vmoh g`mgHo$ d$n VWm Y_ gy
{damoY hmo`dogy ldUm{XH$H$s {g{Ho${bò g`mg_| d$ngy `mJH$[adoH$s
AH$V`Vmho.
- Vog| ^yZ_| Zoh {g H$[adoHo${bò `mJ H$[ado_|h g`mgHo$ d$n VWm Y_
gy {damoY ho Vmgy g`mgH$s AH$V`Vm ho.
- Amoa ^yZ_| o_ ^ò nrN>o Vmo dVhr `mJ {g hmo` ho Vmgy g`mgH$s
Anojm Zmht ho.
A~ o_H$s Ama^Xem_| n[a`mJ H$aZm| Ho$ Zmht? VmH$mo {dMma ZH$s
ar{Vgy H$aV h|:
^pV_mJ} @ {n Mo V Xmo f VXm qH$ H$m` _ w `Vo &&17&&
Amaô Z Zme `mV >mV`m`^mdV&&
dm`hoVmo n[a`mJmV ~mY Ho$Zm@` g^doV&&18&&
^pV_mJ}=^pV_mJ_|
A{n=h, Xmof=Xmof
VXm=V~, qH$=H$hm
H$m`=H$aZmo, B{V=Egmo
A=`hm
Amaô=ma^_|
Zme=Zme, Z=Zmht
`mV=hmo`
g`mg{ZU`:
380
MoV=hmo`(Vm{h=Vmo)
CVo=H$ho h|
>mV`=>mVH$mo
A{n=h
A^mdV=A^md hmo`dogm|
dm`hoVmo=dm`Ho$ hoVwHo$
n[a`mJmV=`mJgm|
A`=`mH$mo, ~mY=~mY
Ho$Z=H$moZgy
g^doV=g^d hmo`
^mdmW : ^pV_mJ_|h H${bXmof Am` Om` V~ H$hm H$aZmo? Egr e>m hmo`
Vhm H$hV h| Omo ^pV_mJu` g`mgHo$ Ama^_| Zme Z hmo`. `m| Omo
^pV_mJ_| dm ^òH$mo Zme ^`mo hmo` Egmo >mV Zmht {_bo ho. Amoa
dWVmHo$ hoVwH$mo n[a`mJ ho, Vmgy dmH$mo ~mY H$moZH$[aH|$ g^do? Zmht
g^do.
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, Omo Xmof kmZ_mJ_| H$mo gmohr Xmof ^pV_mJ_| Amdo V~ H$hm
H$aZm|? Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h| Omo ^pV_mJ_| `mJHo$ Ama^_| Zme
Zmht ho. `m| Omo kmZ_mJ_| `mJHo$ Ama^ H$[adodmaoHw$ Xwg Amoa ghm`H$
Am{XH$[aH|$ ZmeH$mo g^d ho. naVw ^pV_mJ_| Vmo `mJH$mo Ama^ H$[adodmamo
Abm{H$H$ ^JdX^md H$[aH|$ nyU ho, Vmgy XwgH$s g^mdZmh Zmht ho Vmgy
dmH$mo Zme Zmht hmo` ho.
Vhm e>m hmo` Omo Xwg Zmht hmo`dogy Xwggy Omo Zme hmo`dodmamo ho
VmH$s Vmo g^mdZm Zmht ho; naVw H$mb, H$_ Amoa d^md H$[aH|$ Zme hmo`
Vmo H$hm H$aZm|? Egr e>mH$s {Zd{mHo${bò H$hV h| Omo _`mXm_mJu` `mJ
H$[adodmao AmZrK Amoa âVm{XH$Z H$mo H$mbm{XH$H$[aH|$ Zme ^`mo ho gmo Oog|
Xo{Ido_| Am`mo ho Vog| ewnw{>_mJu`ZH$mo Zme ^`mo hmo` Egmo H$~h gw{Zdo_|
Am`mo Zmht ho. `m| Omo H$moCH$mo Zme ^`mo Zmht h|. Amoa ^pV_mJH$mo `mJ
^Jd_ ho gmo {Z{_amOmZo lr^mJdV 11 H$YHo$ {Vr`m`m`_| (^Jd_
H$hmo, Egmo) Z H$`m} VmHo$ Cma_| H${d`moJodaZ| H$mo ho Omo ""^JdmZZ|
AmnH$s mpVHo${bò Cnm` Zmht Om{ZdodmaoZHw$ l_ {dZm {h AmnH$s mpV
hmo` Ego Cnm` Omo H$ho h| Vo ^Jd_ h| Ego OmZmo'' Eg| H${hHo$ \o$[a H$mo ho
g`mg{ZU`:
381
Omo ""{OZ Y_Z_| a{hHo$ H$mh {~[a`m Ord _mX`wV Zmht hmo` ho. Zo _w{XHo$
XmoS>Vmo hmo` Vmoh dmHw$ R>moH$a Z bJo Amoa dmo {Jaoh Zmht'' `hmgy Ama^ H$[aHo$
""bOm a{hV hmo`Ho$ ^JdXJwUZHo$ JmZ H$aV-H$aV Ag hmo`Ho$ {\$ao'' `hm
VmB ^Jd_ H$mo ho. Vhm `mJH$moh ~moYZ ho Vmgy ^Jd_Ho$ Ama^_|h
Zme Zmht ho.
Vhm e>m hmo` Omo ^Jd_Ho$ Ama^_| ^bo Zme Z hmo`; VWm{n
XohajmHo${bò {^jm{XH$H$s Amd`H$Vm hmo`dogy \$b_| {db~ hmo` Egmo ~mY
hmo`Jmo gmo Ho$go {Zdm hmo`Jmo! Egr e>mH$s {Zd{mHo${bò H$hV h| Omo `mJ
H$[adodmaoHw$ dWVmHo$ H$maU$n Mm`m} dUZ_| {^jmH$moh `mJ ho. Amoa
_mbm-MXZ B`m{XH$ZH$moh `mJ ho, Vmgy ~mY H$mhogy hmo`! Zmht hmo`. `m|
Omo ^JdmZHo$ {d`moJHo$ Vmngy ^pV_mJr` `mJ hmo` ho gmo VmnH$s ~m
nXmWgy {Zd{mh Zmht hmo` ho. Vmgy H$mhgyh dmH$mo ~mY Z hmo`&&17-18&&
Eg| > Amoa A> Cnm`gy dmH$mo ZmeH$ H$moC Zmht ho Eg| H${hHo$
^JdmZh AWdm ^JdmZH$s _m`mh dmH$mo ~mY Zmht H$[a gH$V ho gmo H$hV h|:
h[aa A Z eZmo { V H$Vw ~mYm Hw $ Vmo @ nao &&
A`Wm _mVamo ~mbmZ Z V` nwnwfw d{MV&&19&&
A=`hm
h[a=lrH$U (A{n=h)
~mYm=~mYmHw$
H$Vw=H$[adoHw$, Z=Zmht
eZmo{V=epV_mZ h|
Anao=Amoa H$moB
Hw$V=H$hmgm|
A`Wm=Zqh Vmo
_mVa=_mVmE
~mbmZ=~mbH$ZH$m|
V`=XyYgm|
d{MV=H$moC g_`
A{n=h, Z=Zmht
nwnwfw=nmo{fV H$a|
g`mg{ZU`:
382
^mdmW : `m _mJ_| h[a d`h ~mY H$[ado_| g_W Zmht ho Vmo Xygamo Ho$go ~mYm
H$[a gHo$Jmo? Amoa `{X h[a ~mYm H$a| V~ Vmo (dmo Egr ~mV H$hr Om`Jr Ho$
d`) _mVmh V` H$[aH|$ ~mbH$ZH$mo nmofU Z H$ao.
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, h[a gdXwIhVm h| gmoh `m _mJ_| Bda hmo`donoh ~mYm H$[adoHw$
g_W Zmht hmo` h|. `m| Omo OmH$mo Oogmo d$n ho VmH$m| Vogmo kmZ BdaHw$hr
ho Vmgy `m ^mdHo$ Zme_| H$maUH$mo A^md ho, Eg|h ^w OmZV h|. Amoa Amn
^VZHo$ ^mdHo$ AmYrZ h| gmoh OmZV h|, Vmgy AmnH$mo AeVnZmo Om{ZHo$ ~mY
H$[ado_| dmh Zmht hmo` h|. Ohm ^JdmZgyh ~mY Z hmo` Vhm Amoagy Vmo ~mY
Ho$g| hmo` gHo$? Vhm >mV XoV h| Omo ^JdmZ ~mY H$a| Vmo _mVmh V`H$[aH|$
~mbH$ZH$mo nmofU Z H$ao! AWmV dY_Hw$ CnZ H$[adodmao VWm dmH$s ajm
H$[adodmao ^whr O~ ~mYm H$a| V~ ~mbH$ZHw$ CnZ H$[adodmar VWm {dZH$s
ajm H$[adodmar _mVmh VZHo$ XyYgy ~mbH$H$mo nmofU Z H$ao. `mgy Eg| {g ^`mo
Omo H$mhgy dmH$mo Zme Z hmo`.
""km{ZZm_{n'' dmò Z Z ^V _mo h {``{V&&
Am_X {`Mm@{n {H$_W _mo h {``{V&&20&&
km{ZZm_=km{ZZHo$
A{n=h (B{V=Ego)
dmòZ=dm`gm|
^V=^VH$m|,
Z=Zmht
_moh{``{V=_moh H$a|Jo
Am_X=Am_mH$mo XmZ
H$[adodmamo, M=Amoa
{`={`, A{n=h
(^JdmZ^V=^JdmZ
^VH$m|) {H$_W=`m|
_moh{``{V=_moh H$a|Jo
^mdmW : _mH$S>o`nwamU_| H$mo ho Omo ""kmZrZHo$ {MmH$m|h, g_W Egr Xodr,

~bgy I|MHo$ _moh_| S>m[a XoV h|''. Vmgy ^VHw$ _moh Zmht H$a|Jo. `m| Omo dm
dm`_| kmZrZHo$ {MmHw$ _moh H$[adoH$mo {b`mo ho. ^VZHw$ _moh H$[adoH$mo
g`mg{ZU`:
383
{b`mo Zmht ho. Amoa ^JdmZ d$nmZXHo$ Xo`dodmao VWm {` h|, gmo `m|
_mohH$a|Jo?
BVZ|, Omo OmH$mo {` hmo` gmo dmHo$ H$m`_| {db~ hmo` VmHw$ ghZ H$ao
V~ {`nZmohr hmo` Zmht. Amoa Ohm d$nmZX Xo`doH$s BN>m hmo` dhmhr
kmZrZHw$ _moh H$[adodmar _m`mgy ajm H$aV h|, Ohm d$nmZX Xo`doH$s BN>m
Zmht ho Vhm BN>m Zmht H$aV h|. Oog| {OnZrZH$mo ""^wZH$s nmg Om`Ho$ godm
H$a|Jo'' Egr ~w{gy gd gm_JrHo$ gnmXZ nydH$ n{V ^{V gd ~YyZH$mo
`mJ H$[aHo$ AmJ_Z ^`mo hVmo; VWm{n {dZHw$ d$nmZX Xo`doH$s BN>m Zmht
hmo`dogy ^JdmZZ| ""`hm _Zw`Hw$ Ag r{V Amoa ZohHo${bò Zmht ho, Vmgy
_oao_| _Z bJm`dodmao Vw_ g~ Wmoao g_`_| _moHw$ mV hmoCJo'' Egmo dm` H${hHo$
kmZ_mJ Oogmo CnXoe {X`mo. Amoa dO^VZHw$ d$nmZX Xo`doH$s BN>m
{deof hmo`dogy Ka{V nmN>o Om`doHo$ dMZ dog|{h H$ho; VWm{n {dZ_| am{
Kmoa$n ho, Eg| H${hH|$ ""am{_| r`Zgy nmN>mo Om`mo Z Om` Egmo M_mHo$
{H$aUgy apOV dZ Vw_Zo Xo`mo'' Eg| H${hH|$ CXXrnZ{d^mdHw$ ~Vm`Ho$
a{hdoH$mo Amoa ""bmoH$H$s BN>mdmar rZHw$ Mmho-Oogmo n{V hmo` Vmoh N>moS>Zmo
Zmht, dmHo$ ~YyZH$mo ewlyfU VWm OmH$mo nmofU H$aZm|'' Eg| H${hHo$ bmo{H$H$
BN>mdmaoZHo$ Y_ ~Vm`H|$ (d$nmZXH$mo XmZ H$[adoH$s) AnZr BN>mdmaoZHw$
nWH$ gy{MV {H$ò. Vmgyhr {OnZrZHw$ _moh ^`mo, gmo do M{bJB Amoa
dO^VZHw$ _moh Z ^`mo Vmgy {dZZ| òH$ dm`ZH$mo ^JdmZHw$ Cma {X`mo.
Vog|hr CdOrHo$ gXoeHo$ Z_|h ^JdmZZ| kmZ_mJu` Oogmo gXoe nR>m`mo;
VWm{n dO^VZHw$ _moh Z ^`mo. V~ CdOrZ| lrJmonrOZZH$s lrH$UHo$
Amdoedmao Am_m{H$ {dH$bVm XoIr V~ AnZo Omo gXoemam CnXoe H$mo hVmo
VmH$s {Z\$bVm Amoa {d`moJHo$ VmnH$s A{V ~bVm Xo{IHo$ {dZ_| g~Zgy
A{YH$ Amoa A{ZdMZr` CH$f Xo`mo, Amoa AnZ_| hrZVmH$s \y${V ^B.
{dZHo$ gmjmV MaUZHo$ ne H$[aHo$ Z_Z H$[adoH$sh AnZr A`mo`Vm Om{ZH|$
{dZHo$ MaUaoUwH$mo dXZ {H$`mo. Vm_|h ~hmoV aoUyZHw$ dXZ H$[ado_| AnZmo
A{YH$ma Zmht Om{ZHo$ EH$ aoUwHw$hr dXZ {H$`mo ho. Vmgy Ohm d$nmZX
Xo`doH$s ^wZH$s BN>m hmo` dhm kmZ_mJu` dm`Zgy _moh Zmht hmo` ho&&20&&
Eg| g`mg{ZU`H$mo {VnmXZ H$[aH|$ dmH$mo Cnghma H$aVh|:
g`mg{ZU`:
384
V_mV CVH$mao U n[a`mJmo {dYr`Vm_ &&

A`Wm ^`Vo dmWmX B{V _o {ZpMVm _{V&&21&&
B{V
H $ UgmXo Z
dbô Z
{d{ZpMV_ &&
g ` mgdaU ^Vm A`Wm n{VVmo ^do V &&22&&
AmVwa ho Egmo _| `hm Am`moh gmo _| ^JdmZHo$ XeZH$mo AmbmX Amoa {d`moJH$s
Am{V H$[aH|$ `wV h'' Eg| {dXwaOr {V CdOrHo$ dm`gy D$na `mJH$mo
d$n H$mo. Vm H$maH$mo `mJ hr XoI naV ho Egmo `mJH$mo d$n lrH$UHo$
gmXgyhr Om`mo Om` Egmo ~Vm`doHo${bò _yb_| ""lrH$UHo$ gmXgy'' H${hdoH$s
lr_hm^yZZ| Amkm H$ar ho. Vmgy ^pV_mJ_| g`mg ^JdmZH$mo daU$nhr ho.
Amoa `{X ^pV {dZm `mJ H$ao Vmo n{VV hmo`.
&&B{V lrdb^mMm`{da{MV g`mg{ZU` g_mV&&

V_mV=Vmgm|
CVH$maoU=H$ho H$magm|
n[a`mJ=`mJ
{dYr`Vm=H$aZm|
A`Wm=Zmht Vmo
dmWmV=dmWgm|
^`Vo=`wV hm|`
B{V=Egr, _o=_oar
{ZpMVm={ZpMV
_{V=_{V ho
B{V=`m H$magm|
dbôZ=lr_hm^wOrmam
H$UgmXoZ=lrH$UH$s H$nmgm|
^Vm=^pV_|
g`mgdaU=g`mgH$mo daU
{d{ZpMV={deof$ngm| {ZpMV ^`mo
A`Wm=Amoa H$magm|
n{VV=n{VV, ^doV=hmo`
^mdmW : ^pV_mJu` g`mgH$mo H$ma Egmo ho. Vmgy ^wZHo$ {dahH$mo AZw^d
H$[adoHo${bò Cna H$ho H$magy `mJ H$aZmo. `{X Ego Zmht H$a|Jo Vmo dmWgy ^>
hm|`Jo Egr _oar {ZpMV _{V ho. Eg| lrH$UHo$ gmXH$[aH|$ lrdb^mMmÒrZo
^pV_mJ_| g`mgH$mo daU {ZpMV {H$`mo ho. dmar{V {~Zm Xygar ar{Vgy g`mg
H$[adodmamo n{VV hmo`.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| g`mgHo$ Xygao g~ H$ma Xmof g{hV Amoa Ag^{dV h|, Vmgy òhr
H$ma g`mgH$mo ho Omo ^JdmZZ| CdOr {V H$mo ho. dmhr H$magy g`mg
H$aZmo. Amoa Omo Egmo A{YH$ma Z hmo` Vmoh `mJ H$ao Vmo dmWgy ^> hmo` Om`
Ego {ZM`dmar _oar ~w{ ho. `m| Omo Egmo `mJ CdOrZo {H$`mo ho gmo
VVr`H$YHo$ MVwWm`m`_| {Z${nV ho. Omo ""^JdmZHo$ {dahgm| OmH$mo Am_m
g`mg{ZU`:
385
JWHo$ ma^_| n[a`mJH$mo {dMma {H$`mo Om` ho Ego H$mo ho; Amoa
g_mpV_| CV H$magy n[a`mJ H$[adoH$mo H$mo ho; Vm nrN>| lrH$UHo$ gmX
H$[aHo$ g`mgH$mo {ZM` H$[adoH$mo H$mo ho Vmgy Egmo gy{MV hmo` ho Omo
lrAmMm`MaUZHw$ Xoh-XoeHo$ n[a`mJ {df`H$ Xmo` Amkm ^JdmZH$s ^B hVr
Vm m_mU Zmht H$[adoH$mo IoX hVmo. Vhm O~ bmoH$n[a`mJ {df`H$ Vrgar
Amkm ^B V~ dm AmkmHo$ dm`mWH$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ Om _mU Amkm ^B dmhr
H$ma H$[aHo$ lrAmMmÒrZo {H$`mo, V~ ^JdmZ {deof gZ hmo`Ho$ lrAmMmÒrHo$
_Z_| g`mgHo$ d$nH$s g\y${V H$ar, dmH$mohr ~moY ApV_ bmoH$_| ho.
go VmH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo nydm}VH$magy Omo n[a`mJH$mo {dMma
{H$`mo VmH$[aH|$ ^JdmZH$mo {` Egmo Omo _|, dmZ| ^pV_mJ_| CdOrH$sgr ZmB
g`mgH$mo ArH$ma {ZpMV {H$`mo ho. Amoa CdOrHw$ ""g~ N>mo{S>H|$ _oao_| _Z
{d> H$[aH|$ ndr_| {\$a'' Egr ^JdmZH$s Amkm ^B hVr Vm _mU Amkm Z
hmo` Amoa g`mg JhU H$ao Vmo n{VV hmo`. `m| Omo ^pV_mJHo$ Amoa g`mgHo$
Y_ nana {d hmo`dogy ^JdmZH$s Amkm {dZm Amoa AVH$aU_| ^JdmZHo$
{d`moJH$mo ^md Z ^`mo hmo` Vmoh g`mg JhU H$ao Vmo ^pV_mJgy `wV
hmo`&&21-22&&
B{V lr_Xdb^mMmÒr H$V g`mg{ZU`H$s
Jmodm_r lrZqghbmbOr _hmamO {da{MV
g{jV ^mfmQ>rH$m g_mV ^B
g`mg{ZU`:
386
&& {ZamoYbjU_ &&

(20)
A~ {ZamoYbjU_| W_ {ZamoYHo$ d$nH$mo {dMma H$V` ho. Vm_|
kmZ_mJ_| Vmo dam` nydH $ `_-{Z`_m{XH$Zgm| Bp`ZH$mo {ZJh {H$ògy kmZ_mJu`
gmYZ {H$ògy {dkmZ hmo` V~ {ZamoYH$mo \$b {_bo ho. ^pV_mJ_| `_{Z`_m{X gmYZH$mo A^md hmo`dogy {ZamoYH$s {g{ Ho$g| hmo`? Egr e>mHo$
g_mYmZnydH$ {ZamoYHo$ d$n-gmYZm{X; Amoa {ZgmYZ$n AnZo _mJ_|
{ZamoYH$mo \$b Ho$g| {g hmo` gmo lr_hm^wOr Amkm H$aV h|. Vm_| lr^mJdVHo$
Xe_H$YH$mo {Z$nU H$aVr {~[a`m ""{ZamYmo@`mZwe`Z nMo H$sS>Z hao''
BVZo `m nM_| ^wH$s Omo H$sS>m dmH$m| "{ZamoY' H$mo ho. gmo {ZamoY Vmo
brbmg{>_| pWV Omo ^V CZHw$ nM{d_aU nydH$ gH$bop`ZH$mo ^w_|
{Zdoe ^`mo hVmo Vog| hmo` V~ hmo` ho. Eg| Xe_H$Y_| ^VZH$s {Mmd{mH$mo
{ZamoYhr ^pV_mJu` {ZamoY H$mo ho. Vm_| mH$Q>Xem_| {OZH$m| gmjmV
ArH$ma ^`mo ho, nw{>_mJu` ^mdH$mo Aw>a {OZHo$ X`_| d_mZ ho Ego na_
^m`dmao; Amoa dOHo$ g~YdmaoZH$m| Vmo d$ngy{h ^wZo {ZamoY {H$`mo. A~
mH$QXem Zmht hmo`dogy AmnZo ArH$ma {H$ò Ego AmYw{ZH$ nw{>_mJu`
^V, {ZamoYgmYZHo$ AkmZgy H$Xm{MV kmZ_mJu` {ZamoY_| dm hmo` Om` Vmo
VmH$s {Zd{mHo${bò d_mJu` {ZamoY_| OmH$s Anojm ho Egmo Omo _ybH$maU
VmH$mo lrAmMmÒr {Z$nU H$aV h|.
`M Xw I èmo X m`m ZXm{XZm M Jmo H w $ bo &&
Jmo{nH$mZmVw `XXwI VXXw:I `mZ __ d{MV&&1&&
JmoHw$bo=JmoHw$b_|
èmoXm`m=lrèmoXmOrHw$
M=Amoa, ZXmXrZm=
ZXamÒr A{XHw$, M=^r
`V=Omo, XwI=XwI
Jmo{nH$mZm=Jmo{nH$mZHw$
`V=Omo, XwI=XwI
(g_O{Z=^`mo)
VV=dmo, XwI=XwI
d{MV=H$~hH$
{ZamoYbjU_
387
(g_O{Z=^`mo)Vw=Amoa
__=_moH$m|,`mV=hmodo
^mdmW : lrJmoHw$b_| lrèmoXmOrHw$, ZXm{XH$ZHw$ Amoa lrJmo{nOZZHw$ Omo

XwI ^`mo gmo _moHw$ H$~h hmo`Jmo!
Q>rH$m : lrJmoH$w bH$m| Vmo ^wZZ | ZmZm H$maHo$ {dhmaH$s BN>mgy CnZ H$nmH$[aHo${h
nw{>_mJ_| ArH$V {H$`mo ho, Vmgy nw{>_mJmrH$ma$n ^mdmw>a dm_| hVmo. Vm
^mdHo$ d^mdH$[aHo$ XwIh dm_| amo ho, Om XwI$n H$maUgy ^yZH$mo mH$Q
^`mo ho. AmJ| gwIm{XH$h ^`mo ho. A~h Egmo {ZamoY Tw>{T>dodmao d_mJu`ZHw$
Egmohr XwI g^mdZr` ho, Omo XwI {ZamoYHw$ {g H$[aH|$ ^wHo$ mH$QH$mo
gmYH$ ho. Vmgy dm XwIH$s gdXm g^mdZm H$[aHo$ lr_hm^wOr d_mJu`ZHw$
bjUmd{mgy gy{MV H$aV h|.
^JdpXdahgy ^VHo$ X`_| H$Q> hmoVmo XwI ~mZXHw$h VwN> H$[adodmamo
hmo`dogy gdm}H$> ho. Amoa A{VXwb^ hmo`dogy dmH$s g^mdZm_m H$ar ho, naVw
mWZm Zmqh H$sZr ho. Vm_|h gdXm Zmqh {H$Vw H$Xm{MV hmo` Eg| H$mo ho. `{X
Egmo Xw:I X`_| H$Q> hmoB Om` Vmo \o$a H$hm H$hoZmo? Vmgm| dm Xw:IH$s gdXm
CH$R>m H$aZr Eg| gyMZ {H$`mo ho.
^JdpXdahO` Xw:I Vmo lr_mVMaU Amoa lrZXm{XH$Z Hw$ ^wH$o mH$QHo$
n{hbo nw$ngm| ^wH$mo mH$Q, VmnrN>| {dZHo$ bmbZ-H$sS>Z-AdbmoH$Z
^{V g~pY ZmZmH$maHo$ _ZmoaW$n hVmo hr. Vog| hr lrdm{_ZrOr ^VrZZ|
h ^wHo$ H$Q> hmo`doH$s Amemgy ZmZm H$maHo$ _ZmoaW _Z_| H$[a amIo hVo Vmgm|
{dZ _ZmoaWO` Xw:Ih {dZH$m| ^wHo$ mH$Q>Ho$ n{hbo h hVmo. Amn H$Q> ^ò
Vm nrN>oh nyVZm{XH$ZH$s Hy$a{> ^yZn| n[adoHo$ H$maU, H$sS>m_| ^yZH$s
AmgpVgm| ^moOZm{XH$_| {db~H$[adoHo$ H$maU, JmoMmaUmW nYma| V~ nmN>|
gOm n`V XeZ Zmqh hmoB g{H$doH$o H$maU Eg| AZoH$ H$maHo$ Xw:I dO^VZH$m|
^w H$Q> ^ò nmN>| h hmoVo hVo. gmo g~ Xw:I "`V' eXgy gL>JhrV {H$ò h|.
gmo {dVmaHo$ ^`gy `hm Zmqh {bIgHo$ h|. ({deof {Okmgm hmoBdono lrJmoH$w bZmW
{ZamoYbjU_
388
^wMaUZH$s gH$V Q>rH$mH$mo AdbmoH$Z H$aZmo)&&1&&

Ego BZHo$ XwIH$s g^mdZm H$[aH|$ VmnrN>| CnZ ^ò A{ZdMZr`
gwIH$sh g^mdZm {Vr` bmoH$gy H$aV h|:
Jmo H w $ bo Jmo { nH$mZm M gdo f m d O dm{gZm_ &
`V gw I g_^y V VZ _o ^JdmZ qH$ {dYm`{V&&2&&
JmoHw$bo=JmoHw$b_|
Jmo{nH$mZm=Jmo{nH$mZHw$
M=Amoa, gd}fm=g^r
dOdm{gZm=dO~mgrZHw$
`V = Omo, gwI = gwI
g_^yV = AmN>r^m{Vgy ^`mo

VV=dmo, gwI=gwI
qH$=H$hm, ^JdmZ=^JdmZ
_o=_moHw$
{dYm`{V=H$a|Jo?
Eg| {ZZHo$ XwI Amoa gwI Ho$ A{^bmfmH$s AnZo_| g^mdZm H$[aH|$
Egmo gwI ^ò nrN>| {d`moJO` XwI_| {dbjU gwI CnZ H$[adodmamo
H$mhH$maH$mo Cgd hmo` ho OmH$s VVr`bmoH$_| g^mdZm H$aV h|:
CdmJ_Zo OmV Cgd gw _ hmZ `Wm&&
d XmdZo Jmo H w $ bo dm VWm _o _Z{g d{MV &&3&&
dXmdZo=dXmdZ_|
dm=Amoa, JmoHw$bo=JmoHw$b_|
gw_hmZ=~hmoV ~S>mo
Cgd=Cgd
OmV=^`mo
CdmJ_Zo=CdOrHo$ Am`don|
`Wm=Om H$magy
VWm=dm Vahgy
_o=_oa,o _Z{g=_Z_|
d{MV=H$^r(`mV=hmo`)
^mdmW : lrJmoHw$b_| lrJmonrOZHw$ Amoa g~ dOdmgrZHw$ Om Am{N> ^m{Vgy

gwI ^`mo dm gwIH$mo XmZ ^w _moHw$ H$a|J|?
^mdmW : CdOrHo$ AmJ_Zgy dXmdZ Amoa lrJmoHw$b _| Oog| _hmZ Cgd

^`mo Egmo _oao _Z_| H$~h hmo`Jmo?
Q>rH$m : nydbmoH$_| d{UV XwI ^wHo$ mH$Q_| H$maU ho. H$maU$n XwI
n{hbo ^ò nrN>| ^w H$Q>o h| VmnrN>| g~ gwI$n hmo` ho. gmo gwI ~mb^mdgy
bo`H|$ ""|In`> ...''_| AmXmobZ, [aU, X{Y-XwYm{X Mm`m{X brbm,
dgJmoMmaUm{X, doUwJrV, JmodZmoaU Am{X g~ brbm ^V_ZmoaWHw$ nyU
H$[adoHo${bò hmo`dogy gwI$n h|. Vm nrN>| {d`moJ ^ò nrN>|h ^wH$s brbmH$mo
_aU H$[adogy VmXm` ^ògy XwIH$mo ^mZ Zmht amo. Vmgy gdgy {dbjU
{d`moJm_H$ gwI lrdm{_ZrOr ^VrZHw$ Amoa g~ dOdmgrZHw$ lrJmoHw$b_|
AmN>r^m{V {_`mo hVmo. dm{h gwIH$s `m bmoH$_| Amnlr AnZo{bò g^mdZm
H$aV h|. `m bmoH$_| d{UV gwI A{V Xwb^ ho VWm{n gdgm_m`dmZ ^yZZ|
AmJ| Oog| AmnV|hr ^VZHw$ {X`mo Eg| A~h AmnHo$ gm_`gy gmo gwI Xo`J| Eg|
OVm`doHo${bò _yb_| "^JdV'nXH$mo JhU {H$`mo ho&&2&&
Q>rH$m : Oog| n{V {dXoe J`mo hmo` gmo dhmgy AnZo godH$Hw$ Ka ôOo V~ dmH$s
_mVm ^{VHw$ Amoa {deof H$[aH|$ dmH$s rHo$ _Z_| AnZo dm{_Ho$ _aUgy
CnZ^ò Amgw`{deofgy Cgd hmo`doH$s bmoH$_| ar{V ho. `hm VwV_|h
^JdX^mddmao Amoa ^wHo$ gXoe bo`H|$ Am`dodmao CdOr Cgd$n h|. {dZHo$
AmJ_Zgy ~S>mo Cgd ^`mo. ò ^JdXr`H$mo AmJ_Z; Amoa ^wH$mo gXoe g~
Abm{H$H$ hmo`dogy A{ZdMZr` Cgd ^`mo Eg| _ybHo$ "_hV' eXgy Om`moOm`
ho. Vm_| lrdXmdZ_| lrdm{_ZrZH$m| Cgd ^`mo Amoa lrJmoHw$b_| _mVMaUmXrZHw$
Cgd ^òH$mo g_O boZmo. Cgd _mZgY_ hmo`dogy _Z_| hmo`doH$s A{^bmfm
am{IdoH$s Amkm _ybbmoH$_| H$ar ho. ^JdXr`Hw$ ^wHo$ g~Ydmao(^V)Ho$
g_mJ__|, gmjmV ^w nYmao Egmo Cgmh gdH$magy amIZmo M{hò. Eg| Z
_m{Zdogy ^JdXr`d Z aho Egmo {gmV ho. lrJmoH$w bdmgr g~ VWm lrdm{_ZrOr
{ZamoYbjU_
{ZamoYbjU_
389
390
^{V Vmo gdWm nZ hVo. {dZHw$ CdOrHo$ AmJ_Z nrN>o ^ò gw_hmZ
Cgdgy n{hbo ""ò ^JdXdofYmar H$moZ ho?'' Ego {d_`gy CH$R>m$n Cgd
^`mo. VmnrN>| O~ CXYdOrHw$ ^JdXr` OmZ| V~ ""h_mao n{Vgm| g~pYV
`pV h_mao Ka Amò h|. Vm_|h na_ ^V h| Amoa {ZaVa nmg a{hdodmao h|''
Eg| Om`mo. V~ Vmo ""h_mao ~S>o ^m` Omo ò ^wHo$ g_mMma bo`H|$ Amò h| Amoa
^yZZ| hr nR>mò hmo`J|, Eg| Z hmo` Vmo godH$ H$~h dm{_Ho$ MaUZHw$ Z N>moS>o.
Vmgy ^wH$sh h_mao Cna H$nm ho. `m| Omo H$nm Z hmo` Vmo ^JdXr`H$mo AmJ_Z
Z hmo`. Amoa ^JdX^V Om_| Z Amdo gmo Ka{h Z H$hdmdo. Om Ka_| ^V
Amdo dm_| ^VHo$ Zohgy ^wh nYmao h|'' B`m{X {dMmagy CdOrHw$ O~
^JdXr` OmZ| V~ {dZH$mo gH$ma H$[adoH$mo Cgmh ^`mo. Egmo Cgd Xwb^
hmo`dogy bmoH$_| "d{MV' nX H$mo ho. Vmgm| AmYw{ZH$ {ZamoY_mJu`ZHw$h
^JdXr`Ho$ gHo$ A^mdH$mo XwI _Z_| am{IdoH$s lr_hm^wOr Amkm H$aV h|.
Eg| H$aVo gdH$magy {MmH$mo {ZamoY hmo` V~ ^w H$Q> hmo`H|$ gwIH$moh
XmZH$a|J| Egmo ^md `m bmoH$gy Om`mo Om` ho&&3&&
`hm e>m H$ao h| Omo kmZ_mJ_| Vmo {MmH$mo O~ {ZamoY hmo` V~ `mZm{XH$[aH|$
Am_gwI hmo` ho; Amoa `m ^pV_mJ_| Vmo XwIH$[aH|$ {MmH$mo {ZamoY hmo` Vmoh
XwIhr aho ho, dm_| H$moZgmo CH$f ho? Egr e>mH$mo g_mYmZ A~ H$aV h|:
_hVm H $ n`m `mdX ^JdmZ X`{``{V&&
VmdX AmZXgXmo h H$s` _ mZ gw I m` {h&&4&&
_hVm=~S>oZH$s
H$n`m=H$nmgy
^JdmZ=^JdmZ
`mdV=O~VmB
X`{``{V=Xo`doH$s
BN>m H$a|Jo, VmdV=V~VmB

H$s`_mZ={OZH$mo H$sVZ
H$`m} Omamo ho dmo
AmZXgXmoh=AmZXHo$ gmJa
gwIm`=gwI$n, {h=hr
^mdmW : ~S>oZH$s H$nmH$[aH|$ O~VmB ^w X`m H$a|Jo V~bm| H$s`_mZ (H$sVZ

{ZamoYbjU_
391
H$amVo) AmZXHo$ {Z{Y ^w gwI$n hmo` h|.

Q>rH$m : ^JdXr`Ho$ XeZ_mgy {OZHw$ ~S>mo Cgd hmo` ho Amoa gdXm ^JdXmdoegy
Amnhr Cgd$n h| do AVa ^V _hmZ H$ho Om` h|. {dZH$s H$nmV| ^w O~
X`m H$ao h| V~ H$Q> hmo`Ho$ d$nmZX Xo` h|. V~ H${Q>V ~hmoV ^mddmao
^JdXr`Ho$ g {OZH$mo H$sVZ {H$`mo Om` ho Ego ^w gmjmV CZHo$ AVH$aU_|
H$Q> hmo`Ho$ gH$b Bp`ZH$s AmgpV AmnHo$ d$n_| H$am`Ho$ gwIH$mo XmZ
H$aV h|. ^wH$mo d$n Amoa ^wHo$ JwU XmoC BH$gma h|. Vmgm| H$sVZ H$[adogyh
O~ ^w AmZX XoV h| V~ O~ VmB ^wH$mo ~m mH$Q Zmht hmo` Vhm VmB
JwUJmZhr H$aZmo, A` H$moC Cnm` Zmht H$aZo Eg| `m bmoH$gy OVm`moho.
`m bmoH$_| ^wH$s X`m hmo`do_| H$maU ~S>oZH$s H$nm H${h ho. "_hm'eXgy
lrdm{_ZrOr H$ho h| Ego g_OZmo. AWdm Ego ^mdm_H$ d$n Amn
(lrAmMmÒr) H$mo gyMZ H$ao h|. Vmgy lr_hm^wOrH$s H$nm ^ògyhr ^w
AmZXH$mo XmZ H$a| h| A`Wm Z H$a| Egmoh gyMZ "_hV'nXgy hmo` ho. Vmgy
H$sVZmamh ^wZHo$ JwU Vm H$maHo$ AmZXHw$ Xododmao h|. Vmgy JwUJmZ{h
H$aZmo&&4&&
^wHo$ JwUH$mo JmZ Vmo g~ H$moC H$aV h|, Vmgy g~ZHw$ gwI hmo` ho, Vmo
{\$a {ZamoYdmaoZHw$ JwUJmZ_| H$hm {deof ho? Egr e>mH$mo g_mYmZ A~ AmJoHo$
bmoH$gy H$aV h|:
_hVm H $ n`m `V H$sV Z gw I X gXm&&
Z VWm bm { H$H$mZm Vw pZY-^mo O Z-$j-dV &&5&&
_hVm=~S>oZH$s
H$n`m=H$nmgm|
(^VH$V=^Vmam hmoVo)
(ApV=h|)VV=Ego
bm{H$H$mZm=bm{H$H$ZHo$
(H$sVZ=H$sVZ)Vw=Vmo
{ZamoYbjU_
392
H$sVZ=H$sVZ
`V=Om Vahgy
gXm={ZaVa
gwIX=gwI Xo`dodmao
pZY-^moOZ-$j-dV=Krdmamo
^moOZ H$[admaoHw$ $Imo ^moOZ
H$[ado Oogmo, VWm=dogmo
Z=Zmqh (^d{V=hmodo ho)
^mdmW : ~S>oZH$s H$nmmam H$ao OmVo H$sVZ Oog| gXm gwIHw$ Xododmao h| Eg|
ggmamgV bm{H$mam H$ao OmVo H$sVZ gwIX Zmqh hmoV h|. Oog| pZY ^moOZ
eara_| gH$bop`ZH$mo nmofU H$ao ho Egmo $jgy Zmqh hmo` ho Vog|.
Q>rH$m : W_bmoH$_| H$ho _hmZ ^JdXr`ZH$s AnZo ^mdH$mo XmZ H$[ado$n
H$nm, Vm H$[aH|$ {ZamoY_mJu`Zmam nana H$ao OmVo ^JdXJwUJmZ gXm gwIX
hmoV h|. `m| Omo JwUmZwdmX H$aVo ~IV ^md ~hmoV ~{T>dogy gH$b Bp`ZH$mo
d$nhr_| {ZamoY ^ògy nMH$s {d_{VnydH$ ^V ^JdXmZX_| _Z hmo`
Om` ho. _mUY__| {Z>mdmao ^V Amoa kmZrZ _| Cna H$mo {ZamoY_mJu`ZHo$
^mdH$mo A^md hmo`dogy H$sVZm{X gwI Xododmamo Zmht hmo` ho. bm{H$H$ Amoa
Abm{H$H$ _| {OVZmo VmaV` ho BVZmo {ZamY_mJu` Amoa kmZr ^{V_| VmaV`
ho. Vmgy {ZZHo$ H$sVZ_| ~hmoV {deof ho&&5&&
`hm e>m hmo` Omo H$sVZ gwIXo`dodmamo ho Vmoh XwI Vmo gXm {_Q>V Zmqh
ho V~ JwUJmZ_| H$hm CH$f ho? `mgy Vmo kmZrZHw$ gH$b Bp` ^{VH$mo
Am_m_| b` ^ògy A`V XwIm^md$n gwI hmo` Vmgm| CH$f _mU{g
XrIo ho! `mH$mo g_mYmZ A~ H$aV ho:
Jw U JmZo gw I mdmpV: Jmo { dX` Om`Vo &&
`Wm VWm ew H $mXrZm Z d m_{Z Hw $ Vmo @ `V&&6&&
`Wm=Om Vahgy
Jmo{dX`=lrH$UHo$
VWm=dm H$maH$s
ewH$mXrZm=ewH$XodOr Am{XH$ZHw$
{ZamoYbjU_
393
JwUJmZo=JwUZHo$ JmZ_|
gwImdmpV=gwIH$s mpV
Om`Vo=hmodo ho
Am_{Z=Am_m_|
Z=Zmht, Ed=hr
A`V=A` H$magy, Hw$V=Ho$go
^mdmW : Jmo{dXHo$ JwUJmZ_| {Z$^VZHw$ Oogmo gwI hmo` ho Egmo Am_mZX_|

ewH$mXrZHw$h Zmht hmo` ho Vmo ^pVa{hVHw$ Vmo H$hmVo hmo`?
Q>rH$m : `{n ewH$XodOrZo ò brbm Jm`r ho Amoa ^pVaggy nyUh h| Vmoh ò
AmZX CZHw$ mV Z ^`mo Eg| H${hdoHo${bò _ybbmoH$_| lrewH$XodOrH$mo Zm_
JhU {H$`mo ho. Vmgy `h Om`moOm` ho Omo ò AmZX ^wH$s H$nmgm|hr mV hmo`
ho, Amoa Vahgy Zmht hmo` ho. Vm_| ^JdpXdahO` XwIhr gmYH$ ho. Vmgy
XwIhr na_nwfmW$n ho Amoa Zmqh ho. Ohm Am_gwIH$s Anojm ò XwIh
gdm}H$> ho V~ `m XwIgm| gm` AmZXH$s CH$>Vm_| Vmo H$hm H$hoZmo! Eg|
H$_w{VH$`m`gy AmZXH$mo gdm}H$>nZmo {g hmo` ho. AWdm ewH$m{XH$ZHw$
Jmo{dXHo$ JwUJmZ_| Oogr gwImpV hmo` ho Vogr Am_mZX_|h Zmqh hmo` ho Vmo
Amoagy Vmo H$hmgy hmo`? Vmgy ewH$XodOrZo H$mo ho Omo ""_| `{n {ZJwU_|
{Z>mdmamoh VWm{n Cm_bmoH$ (^JdmZ)H$s brbmgm| _oamo {Mm JhrV ^`mo ho
Vmgy lr^mJdV$n ~S>mo Am`mZ nTmo h''. `mnogy Eg| gy{MV ^`mo Omo
Am_gwIgyh ^JdXJwUJmZ_| A{YH$ AmZX ho&&6&&
XwI na_nw$fmW$n hmo`dogy gdXm ^w {ZamoY_mJu`ZHw$ XwIhr XoV h|
dm (AWdm) H$moC g_` gwIH$mo XmZh H$aV h|? Egr e>mH$mo g_mYmZ A~
AmJoHo$ bmoH$gm| H$aV h|:
pb`_mZmZ OZmZ Q> m H $ nm`w Vmo `Xm ^do V &&
VXm gd gXmZX {XW {ZJ V ~{h&&7&&
pb`_mZmZ=boedmaoZHw$
{XW=X`_| aho^ò
{ZamoYbjU_
394
OZmZ=bmoJZHw$
Q>m=Xo{IHo$, `Xm=O~
H$nm`wV=H$nmdmao
^doV=aho^ò
gd=g~
gXmZX=gXm Omo AmZX_` h|
~{h=~mha
{ZJV={ZH$bo(`mV=h|)
^mdmW : O~ AnZo eaUmJVZHw$ A`V boe`wV Xo{IH|$ ^w H$nm`wV

hmo` h| V~ gXm AmZX$n ^w X`_| {~amOdodmamo AmnH$mo d$n ~hma H$Q>
H$ao h|.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| gmjmV d$nH$mo g~Y hmo`doH$s A{^bmfmgy ^V_| O~
~hmoV Am{m ({dah) CnZ hmoV ho V~ boe`wV ^V jU-jU_| _yN>m,
OmJaU Am{X AdWmH$mo AZw^d H$[ado bmJV ho. AnZo OZZHw$ H$>`wV
Xo{IH|$ ^w O~ H$nm H$aV h| V~ ^VZH$s Bp`ZHw$ d$nmZXgy gdmeH$[aH|$
nw> H$[adoHo${bò ^VHo$ X`_| {~amOVo AnZo ^mdm_H$ d$nH$m| ^w ~hma
H$Q> H$aV h|. Egmo ò AmZX EH$ H$nmgyhr {g hmo`dodmamo ho Vmgy A`V
Xwb^ ho&&7&&
gdm Z X_``m@{n
H $ nmZX
gw X w b ^ &&
X J V dJw U mZ lw dm ny U bmd`Vo OZmZ &&8&&
gdmZX_``=gnyU AmZX_`
^wH$mo, A{n=h
H$nmZX=H$nm$n AmZX
gwXb
w ^ =H$>gy b`
XJV=X`_| amo ^`mo
(g=dmo)
dJwUmZ=AnZo JwUZHw$
lwdm=gw{ZHo$
nyU =nyU
(gZ=hmo`Ho$)
OZmZ=bmoJZHw$
bmd`Vo=âr XoV h|
{ZamoYbjU_
395
^mdmW : gdmZX_`H$mo H$nmZX A`V Xwb^ ho. X`_| {~am{Ododmao ^w

AnZo JwUZH$mo ldUH$[aH|$ nyU hmo`H|$ AnZo OZZHw$ dmZX{Z_Z H$aV h|.
Q>rH$m : ~mZX n`V Ohm-Ohm AmZXH$s JUZm ^B ho gmo AmZX {OZHw$
mV ^ò h| {dZHw$h H$nmZX Vmo gwVam Xwb^ ho. _wpV^{V_| {_bdodmaoH$mo
AmZXh `m AmZXH$mo Ae_m ho. A` AmZX gmYZgm| b` ho Amoa ò
AmZX Vmo EH$ H$nmgm| hr m` hmo` Egmo ho. Vmgm| O~ ^w dmH$mo XmZ H$a|
V~hr {_b gHo$ ho. Vmgy _ybbmoH$_| dmHw$ "gwXwb^:' H$mo ho. BVZ| ggmYZHw$
{_bdodmamo Zmht ho {H$Vw H$nmdmaoZHw$ hr gwb^ ho Egmo AWh hmo` ho. Amoa Ego
^wHo$ g~YH$s A{^bmfmO{ZV XwIgy ^ò Vmngy ^V O~ nana JwUJmZ
H$a| h| V~ dmH$mo ldUH$[aH|$ X`_| {~am{Ododmao ^w nyUH$nmH$[aH|$ ~hma
H$Q> hmo`Ho$ AnZoZHw$ dm agHo$ g_wHo$ V_| VaU H$amdV h|. Om-Om
Bp`Z_| XwI ^`mo hmo` Vm-Vm Bp`Z_| AmZXnyUVm H$aVh|&&8&&
A~ ò g~ ~mV H${hdoH$mo `moOZ H$hV h|:
V_mV gd n[a`` {Z gd X m Jw U m&&
gXmZXna a Jo ` m gpMXmZXVm VV&&9&&
V_mV=Vmgy
gXmZXna=gXmZXna hmo`Ho$
{Z$={Z hmo`Ho$
gd=g~H$Nw>
n[a``=N>m{S>Ho$
gdXm={ZaVa
JwUm=JwUZHw$
Jo`m=JmZo, VV=dmgy
gpMXmZXVm=gpMXmZXVm
(^doV=hmoòho)
^mdmW : Vmgy gdH$mo n[a`mJH$[aH|$ gXmZX lrH$U_| {Z>mdmao gnwfZHo$

g {ZaVa JwUJmZ H$aZm|. Ego H$[adogy gpMXmZXnZmo hmo` ho.
{ZamoYbjU_
396
Q>rH$m : BVZ| gdgy CH$> H$nmZX {_`mo ho Vmgy Amoa g~H$mo `mJ H$[aHo$
(BVZo dmgZm g{hV g~ AhVm-__VmH$mo `mJ H$[aHo$) CX^Q> ^mdgy {ZaVa
JwUJmZ H$aZmo òhr godH$H$mo ghOY_ ho. Vmgy ^JdXmZXHo$ A{^bmfrZHw$ òhr
{ZaVa H$aZmo.
A~ JwUJmZ H$[adoH$s Amkm Vmo H$ar naVw brbmHo$ ôXgm| JwU AZoH$
H$maHo$ hmo`dogy Ho$go JwUH$mo JmZ H$aZmo? Egr e>mH$s {Zd{mHo${bò H$hV h|
Omo gmjmV agm_H$ lrnwfmom_ {dZHo$ agm_H$ brbm$n JwUhr JmZ H$[ado`mo`
h|. agm_H$ ^w_| {Z>mdmao ^JdXr`ZHo$hr g JwUJmZ H$aZ| Egmoh AWhmo`
gHo$ ho. Vmgy ^JdmZ_| {Z>m Z hmo` Eg|ZHo$ g ^JdXdmVmhZmht H$[adoH$mo
gyMZ hmo` ho. Eg| XwgrZHo$ g dmmm{XH$ H$[adogy hm{Zhr hmo` ho. EH$ jUh
A`Wm^md Zmht hmo`doHo${bò "gdXm'nX Y`m} ho. Vmgy EH$ jUh ^JdXJwUJmZ
Zmqh N>moS>Zmo. Eg|H$[adogygpM- XmZXVm hmo` ho. Ohm kmZ_mJu` na_ \$bh
JwUJmZH$moAmZwf[H$ \$b ho dhm gmjmV na_ \$bH$s Vmo H$hm ~mV H$aZr!&&9&&
^mdmW : _ {ZZHo$ _mJ_| ArH$V h Amoa gH$b Bp`ZH$mo ^w_| {ZamoY

H$[aHo$ {ZamoYH$s nXdr BVZo {ZamoYHo$ \$bHw$ mV ^`mo h. Vmgy AmYw{ZH$
{ZamoY_mJuZH$mo {ZamoY {g hmo`doHo${bò {ZamoYH$mo dUZ H$ h.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| gmjmV ^yZZ| _oamo {ZamoY_mJ_| ArH$ma {H$`mo ho, VmnmN>|
gH$bop`ZH$mo amoYH$[aH|$ {ZamoYHo$ \$bHw$ mV ^`mo h. Vmgy ^yZH$s Amkmgy
AmYw{ZH$ZHw$h {ZamoY {g H$[adoHo${bò `h VmoHw$ H$h h. _oao H$ho _mU
H$[adogy {ZamoYH$s {g{ gdWm hmo`Jr Eg| lr_hm^wOr `m bmoH$gy gy{MV
H$aV h|. H$moC ^m`dmZH$m| CXXo` H$[aHo$ Amkm H$ao h| Omo ""Voao AW dUZ H$
h''. `m| Omo gmjmV ^yZZ| _oamo {ZamoY_| ArH$ma {H$ò gyhr _| `mH$mo dUZ
H$argHw$ h. AmoaH$mo ò dUZ H$[adoH$mo gm_` Zmqh ho Egmoh gyMZ hmodo
ho&&10&&
Ego {ZamoYHo$ d$nH$mo dUZ H$[aHo$ gdH$magy H$V`H$mo {Z$nU H$aV
h|:
`hm e>m H$ao h| Omo {ZZHw${h gdn[a`mJnydH$ JwUJmZ H$[adoH$s

Amkm H$sZr naVw gmYZ_| {Z>mdmaoZHw$ Z H$ar! VmH$mo g_mYmZ A~Ho$ bmoH$gy
H$aV h|:
Ah
{Zmo
amo Y o Z
{Zamo Y nXdt
JV&&
{ZmZm Vw amo Y m` {Zamo Y dU ` m{_ Vo &&10&&
amoYoZ=g`_gy
{Z={Z, Vw=Vmo
{ZamoYnXdt={ZamoY$n nXHw$
JV=mV ^`mo
Ah=_
(bm{H$Ho$=bm{H$H$_|)
{ZmZm={ZZHo$
amoYm`=amoYHo${bò
Vo=dmo, {ZamoY={ZamoYH$mo
dU`m{_=dUZ H$ h
{ZamoYbjU_
397
h[aUm ò {d{Z_w Vmg Vo _Zm ^dgmJao &&

ò {Zmg VEdm _mo X _m`m `h{Z e _ &&11&&
ò h[aUm=lrH$UHo$ mam
{d{Z_wVm={deofH$[aHo$ _wV
^ò h|, Vo=dmo
^dgmJao=ggma${n gmJa_|
_Zm=Sy>~o h|, ò=Omo
{Zm:={Z h|
Vo=dmo, Ed=hr
A=`hm, Ah{Ze={XZ-amV
_moX=AmZXHw$
Am`mpV=mV H$ao h|
^mdmW : ^wZo {OZH$m| N>m{S> {Xò h| do ggmagmJa_| _Z ^ò h| Amoa {OZH$m|

^wZo nw{>_mJ_| ArH$V {H$ò h| do {ZaVa (^wHo$ AmZXHw$ nm`Ho$) hfHw$
{ZamoYbjU_
398
mV hmo` h|.
g~Y H$am`H|$ {dZ_| bJmdo.
Q>rH$m : ^w gdHo$ XwIH$mo hao h| Vmgy {dZH$mo Zm_ "h[a' ho. BZ h[aZZ| (dmZX
XmZ Xo`Ho$ XwI {_Q>m`doH$s BN>m Zmqh hmo`dogy) {OZH$mo `mJ {H$`mo ho do g~
^dgmJa_| Sy>~o h|. BVZ| ~hmoV A` gmYZ_| dm ah| Vmoh ò AmZX mV Zmqh
^ògy ^dgmJa_| Sy>{~ Jò h|. Amoa dmZXH$mo XmZ H$[adoH$s BN>mgy {OZ
OrdZHw$ ^yZZ| nw{>_mJ_| ArH$V {H$ò h| Amoa {OZH$mo d$n{Z>m_| ^mdhr
EH$ gmYZ ho Ego AnZo OZ ^wH$nmgyhr hfHw$ mV hmo` h|. BVZo ~hma Amoa
^rVa ag_| nyU hmoBHo$ AmZXg_w_| _Z aho h|. gmoh jUâ Zmht naVw am{{XZ_| jU_mh AmZXH$mo {dN>oX Zmht hmo` ho. Vmgy ò {g hmo` ho Omo
{ZamoY_mJuZHw$hr ò AmZX hmo` ho, gmYZ_| {Z>mdmaoZHw$ Zmht hmo` ho&&11&&
Q>rH$m : {ZamoY$n gwI Xo`doH$s BN>mgy {OZH$mo nw{>_mJ_| ArH$ma ^`mo ho

Ego OrdZH$s `{n A` gmYZZ_| d{m hmo` Zmht. `m| Omo ArH$maHo$
d^mdgyhr ^Jdd$n_| Oogmo Zoh hmo` ho Egmo Zoh {df`m{XH$Z_| hmoV Zmht
ho. Vmoh g~YO` XmofH$mo {ZdmaU H$[adoHo${bò lr_hm^wOr Amkm H$ao h| Omo
ggmamdoe BVZo {df`^moJm{XH$Z_| AhVm-__Vm_H$ Amdoegm| Xw> ^`r
Bp`ZHo$; Amoa AhVm-__Vmgy CnZ^ò ~YZ$n XwIHo$ AkmZgy dmH$s
{Zd{m H$[ado_| {d_wIVmdmar Bp`ZHo$ {hVmW CZ g~ZHw$ ggmaHo$ A`
Y_Z_|V| Nw>S>m`Ho$ lrH$U_| {h bJmdo. Bp`ZH$s gmWH$Vm dm_| hr ho.
Bp`ZH$s (^w_| {d{Z`moJ hmo` V~ {h) H$VmWVm hmo`doH$mo lr^mJdV_|
""AjdVm \$b{_X'' B`m{X bmoH$Zgy H$mo ho. Eg| Bp`m{XH$Hw$ ggmaY_V|
Nw>S>m`H|$ ^w_| `moOdoH$s AmYw{ZH$ZHw$ {ejmh `m bmoH$gy H$ar ho. Eg| ^w_|
{d{Z`moJ ^ò nrN>| Ohm VmB ^wH$mo gmjmH$ma Z hmo` Vhm VmB JwUJmZ_|hr
AmgV aho. Eg| H$aV-H$aV O~ {dZ_|hr AmgV hmo` V~ ^JdXmdoe hmo`,
Amoa ar{Vgy Z hmo`&&12&&
A~ H$ho h| Omo {ZamoY_mJuZHw$h nyd amo ggma {d_mZ hmo`dogy VVVV {df`Z_| AmgV Bp`ZHw$ {df`H$mo {d_aU hmoZmo Ae` Oogmo XrIo ho.
O~ {df`H$mo {d_aU Z ^`mo V~ Vmo JwUJmZ_| d{mh Ae` hmo`Jr! Egr
e>mHo$ g_mYmZ nydH$ H$hV h|:
g g mamdo e -Xw >mZm_ Bp`mUm {hVm` d &&
H $ U` gd d Vy { Z ^y Z B e ` `mo O ò V &&12&&
ggmamdoe=ggmaHo$ Amdoegy
Xw>mZm=Xw> ^B
Bp`mUm=Bp`ZHo$
{hVm`={hVHo${bò
gd=g~
dVy{Z=dVyZHw$
Be`=Bp`ZHo$ dm{_
^yZ=`mnH$
H$U`=H$UH$Hw$
d=hr, `moOòV=bJmZr
^mdmW : ggmaHo$ Amdoegy Xw> ^`r Bp`ZHo$ {hVHo${bò gd (Bp`Z

g{hV Eo{hH$-nmabm{H$H$) dVwgm| gwI$n Amoa gdHo$ {Z`Vm Ego lrH$UH$mo
{ZamoYbjU_
399
Eg| g~ nXmWH$mo ^yZ_| {d{Z`moJ {H$ògyh nydHo$ ggmam`mggy {df`Z_|

H$Nw>H$ AhVm-__Vm$n ggma Vmo ahohr. Amoa dm {df`H$mo `mJ {H$ògy
H$Nw>H$ _Z_|h VO{ZV boeh a{h gHo$ ho Vmo JwUJmZ_| gwIhr hmo`doH$mo Ho$go
H$mo ho Egr e>m hmo` VhmH$hVh|:
Jw U o dm{d>-{MmmZm
gd X m
_w a d [ aU&&
g g ma{dah-bo e m Z `mVm h[adV gw I _ &&13&&
_wad[aU="_wa'X`Ho$ do[aHo$
JwUfo w =JwUZ_|
gdXm=gXm
ggma-{dah-boem=ggma
Amoa {dah gy O{ZV boe
Z=Zht, `mVm=hmoV ho
{ZamoYbjU_
400
Am{d>-{MmmZm={OZH$mo
{Mm {namo`mo ^`mo ho {dZHw$
h[adV=lrH$UH$s Vah
gwI=gwI(`mV=hmoV ho)
^mdmW : _wad[a (^w)Ho$ JwUJmZ_| {ZaVa Am{d> {MmdmaoZHw$ ggma Amoa

{dah H$mo boe Zmht hmoV ho, h[aH$s ZmB gwI hmo` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| AmgpVgm| ^wHo$ JwUJmZ H$a| V~ ^w_| O~ {Mm Am{d> hmo`
Om` V~ CZHw$ nydm}V ggma`mJ Amoa Vmgy ^ò boe H$s AZw^y{V Zmht hmo`
ho. `m| Omo {dZH$m| Vmo nMHo$ {d_aU nydH$ JwUJmZ_| {MmH$mo Amdoe hmo`
Omdogm| {df`m{XH$Ho$ A`mgH$s g^mdZmh Zmht hmo` gHo$ ho Vmo dmHo$ `mJgy
^`mo boe Vmo H$hmVo g^do? `m g~H$mo {dVma doUwJrVHo$ lrgw~mo{YZrOr_|
""OmJV Amoa dZ AdWm_|h ^wH$s {H$S>mH$m| XoIV h|'' Ho$ {ddaU_|
AmnlrZo {H$`mo ho.
`hm e>m H$ao h| Omo AmgpVO` gwIh {dfÒ` gwIHo$ Vw`hr
hmo`Jmo! `m e>mH$mo {Zamg H$ao h| Omo {df`gwI Vmo ^moJ_| AmgpV ~T>m`dodmamo
hmo`dogy dmo ggmaOZH$ hr ho; Amoa ^w Oog| gH$b XwI Xy[a H$[adodmao h| Amoa
ggmaHo$ {ZdVH$ h| Vog| ^wH$s AmgpVgmo O` gwIh ggmaH$mo {ZdVH$ ho.
Vmgy nydm}V ggmamgpV Amoa ^JdXmgpV Ho$ gwI_| ~hmoV dbj` hmo`dogy
Vw`VmH$s g^mdZmh Zmht hmo` gH$V ho. Vmgy ""h[adV gwI_'' Eg| gwI_|
h[aH$mo >mV {X`mo ho&&13&&
Eg| g~ZH$m| {df`dmgZmgm| a{hV ^JdXmgpV O~ T> hmo` V~ Omo hmo`
gmo A~ H$hV h|:
VXm ^do X X`mbw d_ A`Wm H y $ aVm _Vm&&
~mYe>m@{n Zm` VX A`mgmo@{n {g`{V&&14&&
VXm=V~, X`mbwd=X`mbwnZm|
~mYe>m=~mYH$s e>m
{ZamoYbjU_
401
^doV=hmo`ho, A`Wm=ZqhVmo
Hy$aVm=Hy$anZm|
_Vm=_mZo h|, A=`hm
A{n=h, Z=Zmht, ApV=ho

(`V=`m|Ho$)VX`mg=dmH$mo ^_
A{n=h, {g`{V={g hmodo ho
^mdmW : (O~ JwUJmZ {g hmo`) V~ ^wH$s X`m hmo`.Eg| Z hmo` Vmo Hy$aVm
_mZr Om`. `m_| ~mYH$s e>mh Zmhtho. {ZamoY_mJuHw$ nMH$s {d_{V hmo`
Omdogy AnZo Xohm{XH$Z_| ^wH$mohr A`mg {g hmo` ho, dmHw$ ^w AnZogy {^Z
Zmht \y$ao h|.
Q>rH$m : Eg| O~ A`V {dahO` Vmn$n AmgpVgm| gH$b Bp`| nMHo$
A`mggm| a{hV hm|`, d$nm_H$Vm$n nyU {ZamoY O~ {g hmo` V~ ^wH$mo
X`mbwnZmo {g hmo`. Ego MwaVmnm_H$ ^md hmo` V~ ^w ^VHw$ AmdmgZ$n
dWVm XmZ H$arHo$ dmHo$ Vmn_| {V~YH$ Zmht hmoV h|. `{X ^w ~YH$
hm|` Vmo ^wH$s Hy$aVm _mZr Om`. `hm "Hy$aVm'nXH$mo Xygamo A{^m` ò ho Omo
gmjmV AnZmo H$[aH|$ OmH$mo ArH$ma {H$`mo hmo` Egmo nwf ^wHw$ AmN>mo bJo
Egmo dY_$n H$` O~ VmB Z H$ao V~ VmB ^wH$mo H$moY dm Ordn| ahohr ho.
A~ e>m H$ao h| Omo gd`mJ H$[aHo$ JwUJmZ_| d{m H$ao V~ Vmo H$mbH$_m{XH$ {V~Y H$[a gHo$ h|! `mHo$ g_mYmZ_| H$hV h| Omo JwUJmZ_| ~mYH$s
e>mh Zmht hmo` ho Vmo ~mY Vmo H$hmVo hmo`! ^VH$s gH$b Bp`Z_| ^w
Am{d> hmo`dogy ~mY H$moZ H$[a gHo$ ho? d` ^wh ~mY Zmht H$[a gHo$ h| Vmo
AmoaH$s Vmo H$hm ~mV H$aZr? ò g~ ~mV "gZ`mg{ZU`' JW_| ""Amaô
...'' gy boòH|$ ""h[aa A Z eZmo{V H$Vw ~mYm Hw$Vmo@nao'' n`V H$hr ho.
`hm "A'=(`hm) nXgy kmZ_mJ_| ~hmoV {dZ hmo`doH$mo gyMZ hmo` ho.
`hm e>m H$a| h| Omo ^V_| ^Jdd$nHo$ {_bZH$s A{^bmfm {d_mZ
hmo` ho. gmo A{^bmfm AnZo Amoa ^w Ho$ ~rM_| ôXkmZHo$ H$maU hr hmo` ho.
ôXkmZH$mo H$maU Xohm{XH$H$mo A{^_mZ hmoV ho. Egmo A{^_mZ Vmo ~mY$n
_m`mo Om` ho! Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h| Omo kmZ_mJ_| Oog| ""gmo Ah'' Egr
{ZamoYbjU_
402
\y${V hmo` ho Vog| {ZamoY_mJuHw$ nMH$s {d_{V hmo` Omdogy AnZo Xohm{XH$Z_|
^wH$mohr A`mg {g hmo` ho, dmHw$ ^w AnZogy {^Z Zmht \y$ao h|. Oog|
ggmarZHw$ ggmaH$mo A`mg hmo` ho Eg| ^VHw$ `m AdWm_| gmjmV nwfmom_H$mo
A`mg hmo` ho. Vmgy dmH$mo d^mdhr nbQ> Om` ho Egmo "{g{V'nXgy H$m
ho. ò ~mV lr^mJdV_| ""V_ZH$m: VXmbmnm'' `m bmoH$Ho$ {ddaU_|
g{dVa ho Vmgy {deof {OkmgyHw$ dmnogy OmZ boZmo&&14&&
`hm e>m H$ao h| Omo dam` Zmht hmo`dogy nydm}V mH$V {df`ZH$mo
A`mg Ho$g| {Zdm hmo`Jmo? `mH$mo g_mYmZ H$aV h|:
^JdX Y _ - gm_`m X {damJmo {dfò pWa&&
Jw U a hao gw I nem V Z Xw I ^m{V H${h { MV &&15&&
^JdXY_-gm_`mV=^JdmZHo$
Y_Ho$ gm_`gy, {dfò={df`_|
pWa=pWanZogy
{damJ=dam`(^d{V=hmo` ho)
JwU=JwUZgy,hao=lrH$UHo$
gwInemV=gwIX negy
H${h{MV=H$~h, XwI=XwI
Z=Zht, ^m{V=AZw^d_|Amdoho
^mdmW : JwUJmZ H$[admao ^VH$m| ^Jd_Ho$ ~bgm| XwIH$mo H$Xm{MX{n

^mZ Zmht hmo` ho. gH$b Eod`m{XH$ JwU`wV ^wH$o Y_ JwUJmZmam AVH$aU_|
doe H$ao h|. {VZHo$ gm_`gm| mH$V {df`_| Amoa mH$VnZogy ^w_|h Eg|
Y_{d{e> nwfHw$ {damJ ahohr ho.
N>mo{S>H|$ AmnHo$ MaU_ybH$s eaU Amò h|'' B`m{XH$ {Z$nUgy Om`moOm` ho.
Vmgyhr ^wh Amn H$nm H$[aHo$ W_ H$mo Egmo AmZX AZw^dmdo h|.
`hm e>m H$ao h| Omo ^w AmZXH$mo AZw^d H$amdo h| V~ XwI Ho$go aho
ho? `mHo$ g_mYmZ_| H$hV h| Omo ^wHo$ JwUJmZ($n gmYZ)gy gwIH$mo ne
hmo`dogy nyU ^ò Ego CZ ({ZaY_mJu`Z)Hw$ gdXm VmXm` (EH$Vm)gy
XwId$nH$mo ^mZhr Zht hmo` ho Vmo XwIH$s g^mdZm Vmo Ho$g| hmo` gHo$?
Amoa Omo Vmn$nVm Xo{Ido_| Amdo ho VmHw$ gwI$nVm hmo`dogy gwI$nhr
OmZZr&&15&&
A~ Cnghma H$aV h|:
Ed kmdm kmZ_mJm X CH$fm} Jw U dU Z o &&
A_ga a Abw Y M dU Z r`m gXm Jw U m&&16&&
Ed=`m H$magy
kmZ_mJmV=kmZ_mJgy
JwUdUZo=JwUHo$ dUZ_|
CH$fm}=lo>Vm, kmdm=Om{ZHo$
A_ga=B`mH$mo N>m{S>Ho$
M=Amoa
AbwY=bmo^ a{hV hmo`H|$
gXm={ZaVa
(hao=h[aHo$) JwUm=JwU
dUZr`m=dUZ H$aZo
^mdmW : Eg| kmZ_mJV| JwUJmZ_| CH$f Om{ZHo$ _ga Amoa bmo^ a{hV hmo`Ho$
{ZaVa JwUH$mohr dUZ H$aZmo.
Q>rH$m : BVZo {df`nZogy Vmo gd dam`hr ho naVw {VZHw$ namH$m>mnZ

Abm{H$H$mZX$n gmjmV ^w_| {Z$n{Y ZohH$[aH|$ Ho$db VXr`nZoH$shr
~w{ hmo` ho. gmo amgnMm`m`r_| dO^VZZ| ^yZ{V H$mo ho Omo ""Amn
h_Hw$ Ka Om`doH$s Amkm H$aV hmo gmo H$Nw> bm{H$H$-{df`m{XH$H$s BN>mgy
h_ Amò h| Egr g^mdZm H$[aH|$ H$aV hmoCJo. naVw h_ Vmo gd{df`ZHw$
Q>rH$m : gmjmV ^JdXmZX gd Bp`Zgy dmX {b`mo OmgHo$ Egmo hmo`dogy,

Amoa VmHo$ gmYZ$n JwUJmZh gwI$n hmo`dogy, Amoa kmZ_mJ H$>gm` hmo`dogy,
Amoa kmZH$mo \$b Ajan`dgm`r hmo`dogy JwUJmZ kmZ_mJgy h CH$> ho Egmo
Om{ZHo$ {ZamoY_mJuHw$ ^JdX^mdHo$ ArH$magy bo`H|$ JwUJmZhr H$aZo Amoa H$Nw>
gmYZ Zht H$aZo. JwUJmZ H$aV|-H$aV| T>mgpV hmo` V~ Vmo Amn{hV| JwUJmZ
{ZamoYbjU_
{ZamoYbjU_
403
404
hmo`do bmJV h|. naVw AmYw{ZH$ OrdZH$s JwUJmZ_| dVd{m Zht hmo`dogy
JwUJmZ H$[adoH$mo CnXoe {X`mo Om` ho. JwUJmZ_| {V~YH$ _mg` Amoa bmo^
BZ Xmo AmVa XmofZH$mo {ZdmaU H$aZmo Amd`H$ ho. XygaoH$mo CH$f ghZ Z hmo`
gHo$ VmHw$ "_mg`' H$ho h|. gmo _mg` Amoa bmo^ Hw$ N>mo{S>Ho$ JwUJmZ H$aZmo.
BZ XmofZH$s {V~YH$VmH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h| Omo ^JdX^V_| _mg` hmo` Vmo
dm_| gmhmX (_r) Z hmo`. V~ {dZHo$ g ^wHo$ JwUJmZh Z hmo` gH|$. Vmgy
_mg`H$mo `mJ H$aZmo. Amoa _Z_| bmo^ hmo` V~ Vmo AWgM`H$mohr {~Mma amo
H$ao Vmo ^JdXmdoe H$hmVo hmo`? ^JdXmdoe Z hmo` BVZmohr Zht {H$Vw
^JdX^VHw$ Vmo Vmgy gddH$s hm{Z hmo` Vmgy BZ XmoC XmofZH$mo `mJ
H$aZmo&&16&&
`hm H$ho h| Omo ^pV_mJH$mo _w` {gmV Vmo ^wH$s d$ngodm
H$[adoH$mo hr ho. naVw H$V_| Vmo _w`nZogy JwUJmZ H$mo Om` ho gmo Ho$g|?
Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
h[a_y { V gXm ò ` m g>nmX{n V {h&&
Xe Z ne Z n> VWm H $ {V-JVr gXm&&17&&
ldU H$sV Z n> nw o H $ Um{ò a{V&&
nm`mo a _bm e `mJo Z eo f ^mJ VZm Zò V &&18&&
h[a_y{V=lrH$UHo$ d$nH$mo
gXm={ZaVa, {h={ZpMV$ngy
ò`m=`mZ H$aZmo
g>nmV=g>ngy
V=dhm(_yVm}=_y{V_|)
gXm=h_|em, XeZ=XeZ
neZ=ne
n>=n>hmodoho, VWm=Amoa
ldU=ldU
H$sVZ=H$sVZ, A{n=^r
n>=n>$ngy(^d{V=hmodo ho)
H$U{ò=lrH$UHo$ {`
nwo=nw_|, a{V=Zoh
nm`mo=_b`mJop`gm|
_bme`mJoZ=_bH$mo `mJ H$[aHo$
eof^mJ=~mH$saho, VZm=eara_|
{ZamoYbjU_
405
H${V-JVr=H$Amoa J{V
ZòV=mV H$aZmo
^mdmW : lrh[aHo$ d$nH$mo `mZ gXm H$aVo ahZmo. `m|Ho$ ^md_mgy X`_|
JQ> ^ò dm ^Jdd$nH$mo XeZ Amoa ne Vmo n> hmo` ho. Eg| hr H$aZmo,
MbZmo, ldU H$aZmo, H$sVZ H$aZmo òh n> hmo` h|. lrh[aHo$ {` Ego nwm{X_|
r{V H$aZmo, nm`w Bp`H$mo Omo _bme`mJ H$[adoH$mo Y_ ho gmo N>mo{S>H|$ eof^mJ
earaH$mohr ho Eg| g_OZmo.
Q>rH$m : g>ngm|h ^wHo$ d$nH$mo gXm `mZ H$aZmo. Oog| ^Jdd$Ho$ XeZ
Amoa ne n> ho Vog| ^Jdgodm g~pY H${V Amoa J{V h gXm H$aZr.
`hm Egmo XrIo ho Omo ^w CmaHo${bò gmYZ_`mXmgy g~ZH$mo ArH$ma
H$ao h|. godmH$VmHw$ _mZgrgodm \$b$n H$hr ho. VmHo$ gmYZV`m _mJ{Z>m
am{IHo$ (VZw{dmOm) godm H$aZr Amd`H$ ho. Amoa {OZH$mo nw{>_mJ_| {ZgmYZnZogy
ArH$ma ^`mo ho {VZH$m| Vmo ArH$maV|hr ^w_| A`V Zoh^md hmo`dogy
d$nH$s A{^bmfm hmo` ho. Vm H$[aH|$ ^wHo$ g gbmnm{X$n ^mdZm hmo` ho.
gmo ^mdZm _ZHo$ Y_$n ho Vmgy Vm H$aV-H$aV _Zhr ^Jdna hmo` Om` V~
_mZgr godm {g hmo` ho. (^yZZ| {dZH$mo {Z:gmYZnZogy ArH$ma {H$`mo
hmo`dogy) CZHw$ A~ godmH$mo `moOH$nZmo Zmht hmo`dogy ^JdX^md T>VmHo${bò
JwUJmZ _w` ho. Vmgy JwUJmZ H$[adoH$s AmJ| Amkm H$ar ho. Vmgyhr ^JdXdaUHo$
nrN>| {OZH$mo ~hmoV ^md ~Tmo ho Eg| Hw$_m[aH$m nyOm{X g~ N>mo{S>H|$ ^yZH$mo
JwUJmZ H$aZ bJo. ò ~mVH$mo g{dVa {Z$nU ""^y`mZ ZXgwV n{V''
bmoH$Ho$ lrgw~mo{YZrOr_| {H$`mo ho. gmYZ_mJ_| eaU Amò ^Vh gmYZ$n
godm H$a| Vm nrN>| {dZ_| ^JdZoh hmo` ho. ZohHo$ AZVa A{YH$ ^md CnZ
hmo` V~ JwUJmZmam Vm ^mdH$s T>VmHo${bò `mJ H$ao. EgoHw$h JhpW{V
^mdZmeH$ hmoV ho. Vmgy Jhm{XH$mo `mJ H$[aHo$ ^w_|hr _Z am{IH|$ ^mdH$s
d{H$mo `Z H$a|- Eg| ^pVd{Zr_| ""Vme`m{n''gy bo`H|$ ""`mJ H$dm
`VoX `Vw VXWmWH$ _mZg:'' n`V bmoH$_| lr_hm^wOrZo Amkm H$ar ho.
Amoa nyd H$hr gmYZ$ngodm VmHo$ {H$ògy Zoh^md hmo`. Vmgy (^JdgodmHo$
AZdga_| Omo) {dahVmn$n XwI hmo` gmo XwIH$s {Zd{m JwUJmZV|hr hmo`.
{ZamoYbjU_
406
Vmgm| JwUJmZHw$ _w` H$mo ho.

A~ H$hV h| Omo Vm H$ma nw{>_mJ_| ArH$ma ^`mo ho VmHo$ d^mdgyhr
CnZ ^ò ^mdmw>a, Vmgm| CnZ ^ò ZmZmH$maHo$ _ZmoaW H$[aH|$ ^wHo$
d$nH$mo `mZ H$aZmo. gmo d$nhr ^md H$am`dodmamo ho. ^VHo$ _Z_| O~
^wg~pY ZmZmH$maHo$ _ZmoaW hmoV h| V~ {dZHo$ nyU Zmht hmoBdoHo$ H$maU
^VHw$ Vmn hmoV ho. gmo VmnH$s {Zd{mHo$ AW Amoa ^mdHo$ XmTmW JwUJmZhr
H$aZ|.
`hm e>m H$ao h| Omo AnZo _mJ_| ^wHo$ d$nH$mo `mZ H$[adoH$mo H$h aho
h| Amoa kmZ_mJ_|h `mZ H$[adoH$s H$hr ho Vmo AnZo _mJ_| `mZ {H$`mo Om`
ho Vm_| H$hm {deof? Vhm H$hV h| Omo nydH$ho H$magy ZmZm_ZmoaW H$[aH|$
d$n_| ^mdZm H$aZr. Eg| H$aV ^mdm_H$ ^w dmhr ^mdZm_| H$Q> hmo`H|$
XeZ Xo` h|, ne H$amdo h|. gmo g~ ^VH$m| AZw^d hmo`ho. Vog| hr g~ {H$`m
Amoa ^wHo$ g gbmn B`m{XH$mo h AZw^d ^pV_mJu` ^mdZmgm|hr hmo` OmV
ho. kmZ_mJ_| H$mh H$maH$mo AZw^d Zmht hmo`ho. Amoa JwUJmZ_|Vmo g>n_mgy
n>AZw^d hmo` ho Eg| "A{n'eXgy gy{MV hmo` ho. Eg| ^mdZm_| H$Q> hmo`Ho$
g~ XwI {_Q>mdo h| ò "h[a_y{V:'nXgy gy{MVhmo`ho.
`hm e>m H$ao h| Omo ^JdXrH$ma nydH$ H$nm hmo` V~ ò g~ ~Zo Eg|
""H$nm`wVmo `Xm ^doV'' ò bmoH$_| H$mo. naVw ^yH$s Egr H$nm Vmo O~
_hVnwfZH$s H$nm hmo` V~ hmoV ho gmo ""_hmVm H$n`m'' `m bmoH$_| H$mo.
Vmgy ~S>oZH$s H$nmH$mo gnmXZ {H$ò {~Zm ^wH$s mpV Ho$g| hmo`? `mH$m| n>
H$aV h| Omo nyd H$ho ^V Vmo namH$m>mnZ (lrnwfmom_)Ho$ agHo$ ^moVm Amoa
_mg`m{X XmofZgy a{hV h| Amoa ^wHo$ H$nmnm Oo hm|` {dZ_| A`V Zohdmao
hmo` h|. Vmgy CZHw$ lrH$U OmHw$ {` ho AWdm \$b Xodo_| Vna Ego lrH$UHw$
Omo {` ho Ego ^V_| nwVw` r{V hmo` ho. Vmgy do H$nmH$[aHo$ ^mdH$mo XmZ
H$aV h|. ^mdH$mo XmZ H$[adogy {dZH$mo JwnZmo {g ^`mo Amoa OmHw$ ^md {X`mo
VmHw$ nwnZmo {g ^`mo. Vmgy nw$nnZmo H$mo ho. Amoa AnZo _mJ_| Vmo ^md
Xododmao lrJmonrOZhr h| Vmgy {dZH$mo JwnZmo "gZ`mg{ZU`' JW_| ""H$mpS>`mo
{ZamoYbjU_
407
Jmo{nH$m moVm'' `m bmoH$_| \w$Q> H$mo ho. Amoa Oog| nwHw$ H$mh H$maH$mo
XwI Xo{IH|$ VmHo$ Cna o_ hmo`dogy VmH$s {Zd{mH$mo CnMma H$ao ho Vog| `hmh
Egr Am{m Xo{IH|$ dmg`gy Vm Am{VH$s {Zd{mnydH$ ^mdH$mo XmZ H$aV h|.
Oog| nwZo ZmZmH$maHo$ AnamY {H$ò hm|` Vmoh dmH$mo {dMma Zmht H$[aHo$
dmg`hr amIo ho Vog| Vme^VZ_|h r{Vhr amIo h|. gmo CZH$s r{Vh
^mdmp_H$mhr ho. Oog| Vme ^VZH$m| ^JdXr`Ho$ {dfo nw^mdho Vog| nwZHw$h
^JdXr`ZHo$ {dfo {nV-_mV^md amIZmo Egmo `hm gy{MV hmo` ho.
`hm Amoa h JyT> A{^m` Om`mo Om` ho. lrH$UHw$ {` Vmo AZoH$ hmo`
h| naVw ""\w$aH$Uo_m_V ...'' `m bmoH$_| d{UV AmZXag$n lrH$UH$mo
{`nZmo Vmo Oogmo lr_hm^wOrH$mo ho Egmo AmoaHo$ {dfo Zmht ho. Vm r{VH$mo
hoVw$n lrdm{_ZrOrH$mo {`nZmoh lr_hm^yZHo$ Cnahr ho, AmoaZHo$ {dfo Zmht
ho. `m| Omo lr_XmMm`ZH $w hr {dZHo$ ^mdm_H$nZmo Amoa {dZH$o ^mdHo$ _`nm{VnZmo
ho. Vmgy lrAmMmÒrH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo lr^wZHw$ _| {` h Amoa nwHo$
Cna Oogr r{V hmo` Vogr _oar Cna {dZH$s (dO^VZH$s) r{V ho. Vmgy
_oaomam Omo ArH$V hmo`Jmo dmHo$ Cnah {dZH$s Egr r{V hmo`Jr. AWdm
""lrH$UHw$ {` Egmo Omo _| VmHo$ Cna r{V ho'' Eg| H${hdogy AmnHw$ {dZH$mo
^mdm_H$nZmo Amoa {dZH$mo AVJVnZmo hmo`dogy AmYy{ZH$ OrdZHw$ AmnH$s
H$nmV|hr {`nZmo hmo`Jmo Eg|h gy{MV {H$`mo ho.
Eg| lrAmMm`ZH$s H$nmgm| a{V$n Omo ^md ^`mo ho gmo g_J mH$VmeHw$
Nw>S>m`Ho$ H$_gm| Abm{H$H$ gmjmV ^JdXm_H$ Vm-Vm {df`ZHw$ Bp`Z_|
OwS>mB XoV h| gmo >mV g{hV {Z$nU H$aV h|:
nm`w Bp`H$mo Omo _bme`mJ H$[adoH$mo Y_ ho gmo N>mo{S>H|$ eof^mJ
earaH$mohr ho Eg| g_OZmo. BVZ| _bmeH$mo `mJ H$[aHo$ earaHw$ ew H$[adodmar
dmohr Bp` ho Eg| g_{Pdogy nm`wBp`H$mo earaH$s ew{_| Cn`moJ ^`mo. Amoa
""dm`wa _bme`mJoZ eof^md VZm ZòV'' Egmoh nmR> H$moC Q>rH$m_| A{ôV ho.
VmH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo gdXoh VWm Bp`Z_| `mV hmo`H|$ dm`w ahV ho.
gmo ^wV ^B gH$b dVyZHo$ _bmeHw$ ~hma {ZH$m{gH|$ eof Omo gmame hmo`
{ZamoYbjU_
408
VmHw$ ZmS>rmam eara_| Oog| bo` OmV ho Vog| {ZamoYdmamo ^Vh g~ Bp`ZH$mo
^md ^yZ_| bo` Om`, Eg| nyU {ZamoY{g hmo` ho&&18&&
ZmV naVamo _mo ZmV naVa Vd&

ZmV naVam {dm VrW ZmV namna_ &&20&&
g~ Bp`ZH$mo ^JdXmgpVHo$ d^mdgyh r ^JdH$m`_| `Wm`mo` {d{Z`moJ

hmo`do bJoJmo, Vm_| CnXoe XodoH$mo `m `moOZ ho? Egr {Okmgm hmo` Vhm H$hV
h|:
&&B{V lr_Xdb^mMm`{da{MV {ZamoYbjU gnyU_&&

AV=`mgy, naVa=lo>
AV=`gy, naVam=lo>
_=_, Z=Zmht
{dm={dm, Z=Zmht
(ApV=ho)AV=`mgy
(ApV=ho)AV=`mgy
naVa=lo>, Vd=(ApV=ho) namna=lo>V_, VrW=VrW
Z=Zmht (ApV=ho)
Z=Zmht (ApV=ho)
`` dm ^JdH$m` `Xm n> Z `Vo &&

VXm {d{ZJ h g V` H$V `: B{V {ZM`&&19&&
``=OmH$mo,dm=h, `Xm=O~
^JdH$m`=^wg~pY H$m`
n> =n>$ngy
Z=Zmht, `Vo=XrIo
VXm=V~, V`=dmH$mo
{d{ZJh={deof$ngy {ZJh
H$$V`=H$aZmo
B{V=ò,{ZM`={ZM` ho
^mdmW : Om-Om Bp`H$mo ^JdH$m` n> Xo{Ido_| Zmht Amdo Vm-Vm

Bp`H$mo {ZJh H$aZmo Egmo {ZM` amIZmo.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| `{n Ego ^VH$s Bp`| Vmo VmHo$ ^mdHo$ d^mdgyhr Egr
(^JdpXd{Z`moJdmar) hmo` ho VWm{n bm{H$H$ _Zw`ZH$m| AZwg[adogy Om
Bp`H$mo ^JdH$m` O~ n> Xo{Ido_| Zmht Amdo V~ bm{H$H$ g~ZH$mo `mJ
H$[aHo$ Bp`H$mo {ZJh H$aZmo. AWmV Bp`ZHw$ bm{H$H$_|gy {\$am`H|$
^Jdg~Y_| bJm`doHo${bòhr Cna H$m`H$mo {d{Y H$mo ho&&19&&
Eg| nyU {ZamoYHo$ d$nH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ JwUJmZ {ZamoYHw$ {g H$[adodmamo
hmo`dogy dmHo$ gdm}H$>nZoH$mo {Z$nU H$aV h|:
{ZamoYbjU_
409
^mdmW : `mgy na _, Vmo {dm Amoa VrW H$moC Zmht ho.

Q>rH$m : BVZo _-Vmom{X h| gmo bmoH$-doX_| H$o \$bHw$ mV H$[adodmao h|.
Vmgy bmoH$ VWm doX _| Omo H$m_Zmdmao h| {dZHw$ _m{XH$ZH$s ~S>mB ^bo hmoC
naVw OmHw$ bmoH$-doX_| H$hr Egr H$m_Zm Zmht ho Ho$db n^wd$n_|hr AmgpV
ho dmHw$ _m{XH$ZH$s ~S>mB Zmht ho. `m| Omo ^yZH$mo JwUJmZ ho gmo bmoH$doXgy {dbjU \$b Xo`dodmamo ho Amoa bmoH$-doXgy AVrV (bmoH$doX Ohm nhm|{M
Zmht gHo$ Egmo CH$>) ho ò OVm`doHw$ \$bH$s Vw{V H$ar ho. `{n _m{Xmam
{Mmew{ hmo`dogy {MmH$mo {ZamoY hmo` ho VWm{n dm_| boe ~hmoV Amoa \$b
A`V An ho. Amoa JwUJmZmam {MmH$mo {ZJhh gwIgy hmo` ho VWm \$b
g~Zgy CH$> hmo` ho Vmgy JwUJmZhr g~Zgy Cm_ ho Eg| OmZZmo&&20&&
&&B{V lrdb^mMm` {da{MV {ZamoYbjUH$s
Jmodm{_ lrZqghbmbOr _hmamO
{da{MV dO^mfmQ>rH$m g_mV ^B&&
.
{ZamoYbjU_
410
&&godm$b g{ddaU&&
(21)
AnZo mJ| dV-nwfmWnZoghy r godm H$sZr Om` ho. VmHo$ $bHo$ {Z$nUH$mo
ò JW ho. Vhm eLH$m hmo` Omo AnZ| godm H$ao h| gmo dV-nwfmWnZogyhr
H$ao h|, godmgm| Xygao H$moC $b mV hmo` Egr Anojmgy Vmo Zmht H$a| h|, V~
godmHo$ $bH$mo {Z$nU Ho$g|? VmH$mo gmYmZ Eg| gOZmo Omo Or{dV n`V
Egr godm Om OrdZo H$ar hmo` VmH$m| XohmdgmZ| (AV|) Omo J{V hmo` gmo `hm
"$b'nXgy H$mo ho. BVZ| `hm godmH$mo $b hmo`doH$mo H$mo ho gmo AV| J{V
hmo`do(Ho$ AW|)H$mo gOZm|. gmo $b AmOHo$ g`| Omo godm$n-ÔZ hmo`
ho Vm| AZw`yV Omo gdm^md aho ho VmH$[aH|$ mV hmo`dodmamo Omo {deof
ÔZmZX ho Vmhr$n ho. Vmgy {deof ÔZmZX$n Omo $b ho gmo godmgy
A{V[aV (Xygamo) Zmqh ho.
BVZ| lrJrVmOr| lrH$UZ| AOwZ {V H$mo ho Omo ""AV| Om-Om
^mdH$mo aU H$aVmo-H$aVmo earaHw$ N>moS>o ho Vm-Vm ^mdHw$ mV hmo` ho'' Amoa
""AV| Omo {V hmo` gmo J{V hmo`'' Egmo `m` ho. Vmgy godmH$mo $b godmhr
ho Eg| gOZm|. BVZ| godmgy Xygamo $b hmo`doH$s eLH$m H$[aHo$ Omo {damoY
~Vm`mo gmo {damoY Zmht ho. gmo godmH$mo $b Ho$gmo hmo`? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BN>m
hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
`mer go d Zm mo Vm Vpgm $bw `Vo & &
Abm { H$H$` XmZo {h Mm {go Z Zmo a W&&1&&
$b dm {YH$mamo dm Z H$mbmo @ {Z`mH$&&
godm`m $b` Abm{H$H$gm` gm`w` godmon`mo{JXohmo #B1#A
dHw$R>m{Xfw.
`mer=Om H$maH$s
godZm=godm, moVm=H$hr
{goV={g hmo` ho
$b=$b
godm$b
411
Vpgm=dmH$s {g{ hmo`don|

$b=$b
C`Vo=H$mo Om` ho
Abm{H$H$`=Abm{H$H$Ho$
XmZo=XmZ|, {h=Vmo
Am=n{hbmo, M=Amoa
ZmoaW=ZmoaW
dm=h (^dVw=hmo`)
A{YH$ma=A{YH$ma
dm=Ho$, A=`hm
H$mb=H$mb
{Z`mH$:={Z`mH$
Z=Zmht
{h=hr (^d{V=hmo` ho)
^mdmW : {gmVwVmdbr, nw{>dmh`mXm, {gmVah`, MVw:bmoH$s,

^pVd{YZr, g`mg{ZU`, {ZamoYbjU JWZ| Om H$maH$s ^JdgodmH$mo
CnXoe {X`mo Vm mU ^Jdgodm {Z^dono dmH$s $bmdWmH$mo {Z$nU A~
H$aV h|. `wZm>H$| VZwZddH$mo Omo ZmoaW H$Q> {H$`mo gmo Vmo nw{>^w O~
nw{>OrdH$m| Abm{H$H$gm`$n nw{>$bH$mo XmZ H$[admo Mmh| V~hr nyU hmoV
ho. n[a ^w XmZ H$[admo Mmh| AWdm Z Mmh|, `m maJ| $b{g{ qH$dm
A{YH$ma{g{ | H$mb {Z`mH$ Zmht ~ZV ho.(H$m[aH$mW).
godm H$[adodmao nw{>^VH$s $bmZw^{y VHo$ VrZ H$ma h|:(1) Abm{H$H$gm`
AWmV mZgr godm, `gZmpH$m ^pV, gdm^md$nm {ZamoY{g{. (2)
gm`w` AWmV gmjmV nwfmoV| brbmZw^mdH$s VVV H$mb| g^mdZmdmamo
b`. (3) dHw$R>m{X bmoH$Z| godmon`mo{JXohH$s mpV ({ddaUmW).
Q>rH$m : Oogr godm (oZ|) H$hr ho Vogr godm {g hmo` V~ dmH$mo Omo $b hmo`
gmo `m JW| H$hV h|. Abm{H$H$H$mo XmZ hmo` V~ Am (w` $b$n)
ZmoaW {g hmo`. $b {g hmo` AWdm A{YH$ma {g hmo` Vm| H$mb
{Z`mH$ Zmht ho AWmV H$mbH$s Anojm Zmht ho.
godm$bH$mo {ddaU lrAmMm`MaUZZ|hr {H$`mo ho Vm| Amkm H$ar ho Omo
""godm`m $b` Abm{H$H$gm`, gm`w`, godmon`mo{JXohmo dm
godm$b
412
dHw$R>m{Xfw''. BVZ| Abm{H$H$gm`, gm`w` AWdm dHw$R>m{XH$ bmoH$Z|

godm| Cn`moJr Xoh {bo, Eg| godm| VrZ $b h|. AWmV lrAmMm`MaUZZ| Om
ar{Vgy Zoh g{hV lrdO^VZHo$ ^mdnydH$ godm H$[adoH$s Amkm H$ar ho Vmhr
ar{Vgy Or{dV n`V godm H$ao Vmo AV| $b hmo` gmo H$hV h|. gmohr ~mV
^pVd{YZr| ""godm`m dm H$Wm`m dm'' `m bmoH$gy OVmB ho. Vm| Egmo
A{^m` ho Omo ""Or{dV n`V godm| AWdm H$Wm| OmH$s T> AmgpV hmo`
VmH$mo H$moD$ Wb| Zme Zmht ho'' Eg| H${hHo$ Or{dV n`V godm H$[adogy $b
hmo`doH$mohr OVm`mo ho.
`hm VrZ $b hmo`doH$mo {dH$n {H$`mo ho gmo ^pVmJ| nw{>, `mXm Amoa
dmh Ego ôXH$[aH|$ OrdZ| VrZ H$maH$mo (^JdmZH$mo) ArH$ma ho; Vmgy
A{YH$marHo$ ôXH$[aH|$ VrZ H$maH$s godm hmo` ho, VmV| $bh VrZ H$maH$mo
H$H$[aH|$ H$mo ho. Vm| W nw{>godmH$mo $b H$hV h| Omo Abm{H$H$gm`
hmo`. BVZ| Ho$db gdm^mdgyhr mV hmo`dodmamo Omo ÔZmZX ho VmH$mo
AZw^d hmo`, gmo Abm{H$H$ $b ho. gmo AnZo {H$ò ^ò H$mo{Q> gmYZZgyh mV
hmo` Egmo Zmht ho. VmHo$ AZw^dH$s `mo`Vm H$[adodmamo Omo A{YH$ma ho gmo
"Abm{H$H$gm`' H$mo Om` ho. ^JdmZHo$ {d`moJHw$ ghZ H$[agHo$ gmo
"Abm{H$H$gm`' Egmoh H$moC Q>rH$mH$maH$mo A{^m` ho. Eg| XmoC H$maHo$
Abm{H$H$gm`| >mV$n dO^Vhr h|.
mWZmgy "amdHw$R>' bmoH$ {g {H$`mo ho gmo gOZm| Eg| H$moC (Q>rH$mH$ma)

H$hV h|. Amoa H$moC (Q>rH$mH$ma) AjamH$ `m{ndHw$R> H$hV h|; VWm{n
`mXm| OmH$mo ArH$ma hmo` VmHw$ Abm{H$H$ gm` XoH|$ $b Xo`doH$s BN>m
^w H$a| V~ Am (W $b$n) ZmoaW {g hmo`. Amoa dmh| OmH$mo
ArH$ma hmo` VmHw$ Abm{H$H$ gm`$n $b H$~h Z {bo `h A{^m` Vmo
XmoC AW| gmZhr ho.
Am $b gmo Ho$db d$nH$[aH|$hr gm` ho Egmo OVm`doHo${bò yb|
"{h' A`` {b`mo ho. Vhm eLH$m hmo` Omo Am$b hmo`doH$mo A{YH$ma Z
hmo` Vmo ^w Ho$g| ZmoaW nyU H$a|? Egr eLH$m H$s {Zd{mHo${bò H$hV h| Omo
""$b AWdm A{YH$ma {g H$a| dm| H$mb {Z`mH$ Zmht ho''.
{Q>nUr : *Oog| AVJhJVmZHw$ gm`w` {X`mo ho, gmo O~ {dZHo$ gJ aU
H$[adoH$s ^JdmZH$s BN>m hmo` V~ ~m{ha H$Q> H$[aH|$ {dZHo$ gJ ^w aU
H$aV h| Amoa aUmam ÔZmZXH$mo XmZH$[aH|$ {$a gm`w` H$aV h|.
A~ dm| VrZ {V~YH$ h| gmo H$hV h|:
CoJ {V~Ymo dm ^moJmo dm `mmw ~mYH$&&2&&
Xygamo $b gm`w` H$mo ho. gmo `mXm| OmH$mo ArH$ma ho VmHw$ hmo`, gmo
lrnwfmom| gm`w` hmo`, Aja| Zmht. `m| Omo Aja| gm`w` Vmo Ho$db`mXm|
kmZm{XH$Zgy hmo` ho. VmH$s Anojmgy Vmo nw{>| {deof $b hmoZmohr M{hò, gmo
lrnwfmom| gm`w` hmo` gmohr {deofVm gOZr. `m| Omo lrnwfmom| gm`w`dmao
^VZH$w Vmo g` nm` ~m{ha H$Q> H$[aH|$ #B*#A^JdmZ ÔZmZXH$mo AZw^d$n
$b XoV h|, Vmgy nw{>`mXm| W gm`w`, `| ÔZmZXH$mo AZw^d Amoa
AV| o$[a dhmhr gm`w` hmo` ho.
Amoa Vrgamo $b dHw$R>m{XH$Z| godmn{`H$ XohH$s mpV$n ho. gmo dmh|
OmH$mo ArH$ma hmo` VmHw$ hmo`. `hm Omo "dHw$R>' H$mo ho gmo lrbrOrH$s
godm$b
413
godm`m {V~YH$ ` CoJ {V~Ymo ^moJmo dm. `mUm gmYZn[a`mJ

H$V`.
({H$Vw) CoJ=CoJ
{V~Y={V~Y
dm=AWdm
^moJ=^moJ, dm=h
~mYH$=~mYH$
`mV=hmo`
^mdmW : nydm}V JWZ| Cn{X> ^JdgodmHo$ AZw>mZ|, naVw, ~mYH$h VrZ

godm$b
414
h|: 1.CoJ 2.{V~Y Amoa 3.^moJ. gmo Vr`m| ~mYH$ZH$mo n[a`mJ H$aZm|.(H$m.{d.)
AH$V ` ^JdV gd W m Mo X J{Va Z {h&&
`Wm dm Vd{ZYm a mo {ddo H $ gmYZ V & &3&&
~mYH$mZm n[a`mJmo ^mo J o ò H $ VWm na & &
{Z`y h hmZ ^mo J Wo {deVo gXm&&4&&
Q>rH$m : CoJ, {V~Y Amoa ^moJ ò VrZ godm$b| ~mYH$ h|. BVZ|, Z| CoJ
aho Vmo godm| {Mmhr aho Zmht V~ ^JddU {Mm hmo`do$n Omo godm ho gmo
{g hmo` Zmht, V~ $b H$hmgy {bo?
Xygamo ~mYH$ {V~Y ho, gmo gmYmaU Amoa ^JdH$V Ego ôXgy Xmo`
H$maH$mo ho. VmH$mo {ddoMZ AmJo Amdo ho. Amoa Vrgamo {V~Y ^moJ ho. BVZ|,
bm{H$H$^moJ| AmgpV hmo` V~ VmB EH$mJVmgy godm hmo` gHo$ Zmht, Eg| VrZ
{V~Y h|. Amoa ^JdH$V {V~Y ho VmH$s Vmo {Zd{m hmo` gHo$ Zmht Vmgy
CoJ, bm{H$H$^moJ VWm gmYmaU {V~Y ò Vr`m|ZH$mo `mJ H$[adoH$s {ddaU|
Amkm H$ar ho. Omo ""`mUm gmYZn[a`mJ H$V`'' BVZ| Vr`mo {V~YZH$s
CnmrZHo$ H$maU$n Omo hm|` VmH$mo `mJ H$aZmo.
Vhm eLH$m hmo` Omo godm hmo` Vm g` bm{H$H$ AWdm d{XH$ H$m` Am`
nS>| V~ godm| {V~Y hmo` gmo gmYmaU {V~Y ho; naVw `h H$m` bmoH$doX{g h| Vmgy dmH$mo `mJ Vmo hmo` gHo$ Zmht V~ Ho$g| H$aZmo? Egr eLH$mH$s
{Zd{mHo${bò {ddaU| Amkm H$ar ho Omo bm{H$H$^moJ N>moS> XoZm| Amoa gmYmaU
{V~Y ho gmo ~w{H$[aH|$ N>moS>Zmo; BVZ| godm| {V~YH$nZogy bm{H$H$d{XH$H$m`$n gmYmaU {V~Y Amdo V~ godmHo$ AZdga| H$[adoH$mo {ZM`
H$aZm|; AWmV nwHo$ {ddmhm{XH$ bm{H$H$ H$m` Amd| AWdm H$Nw> d{XH$ H$m`
Amdo V~ Wgyhr ~w{H$[aH|$ godm| {V~Y Z hmo` Egr ar{Vgy {Zdmh
H$aZm|. Amoa Wgy {ZM` hmo` gHo$ Egmo H$moC Amd`H$ bm{H$H$-d{XH$H$m`
Am` nS>mo hmo` V~ earam{XH$gy dmo H$m` H$aZmo naVw ~w{ ^Jdgodm|hr
amIZr, dm H$m`| amIZr Zmht. Amoa Abm{H$H$^moJ Vmo Vr`mo $b| Omo `
$b ho Vm| w` ho&&2&&
gmYmaU {V~YZH$mo VrH$ma e` hmoV ho n[a ^JdH$V {V~YH$mo
Zmht, Ego gwPmBHo$ gmYmaU {V~YZHo$ VrH$maH$mo Cnm`h gwPmdV h|:
godm$b
415
^moJmo {{dY bm{H$H$mo Abm{H$H$M. V bm{H$H$ `mÈd.

Abm{H$H$Vw $bmZm ò Wo {de{V#B2#A. {V~Ymo{n {{dY gmYmaUmo
^JdH$VM V Ammo ~wm `m`. ^JdH$V MoV {V~Y VXm ^JdmZ
$b Z Xm`{V B{V V`. VXm A`godm{n `Wm. VXm Amgwamo` Ord: B{V
{ZYma. VXm kmZmJ}U WmV` emoH$m^mdm` B{V "{ddoH$'.
^JdV=^JdmZH$m|
(\$bXmZ=\$bXo`doH$mo)
gdWm=H$moB^r Vahgy
AH$V`=Z H$adonZm| hmo`
MoX=Omo(VXm=V~)
J{V=J{V, Z{h=Zmht hr
({dVo=aho ho,V_mX=Vmgm|)
`Wm=Oogo, dm=h
Vd{ZYmamo=VdH$mo {ZU`
(^d{V=hmo`)VWm=Vog|
{ddoH$={ddoH$, gmYZ=gmYZ
_V_=_mZZmo, ^moJo=^moJ_|
A{n=h, ~mYH$mZm=~mYH$ZH$mo
n[a`mJ:=`mJ, EH$=EH$
(gmYZ=gmYZ,_V_=_m`mo ho)
(^moJo=^moJ_|, A{n=h)
{Z`yh={Z{dZ, na=lo>
(gmYZ=gmYZ, _V_=_mZZmo
`_mX=`m|Ho$) _hmZ=_hmZ
^moJ=^moJ, gXm=gXm
W_o=n{hbo_|
{deVo=g_mdoe hmo` ho
^mdmW : ^JdmZH$m| \$bXmZoN>m O~ Z hmo` V~ OrdHo$ nmg H$moC J{VCnm` a{h Zmht OmV ho. Vmgm| ""ò O_ _oamo Amgwamdoe dmamo ho'' Egmo
Vd{ZYma H$[a boZm|. `m| {ddoH$hr Vhm emoH$dmaUH$m| gmYZ ho. CoJ, {V~Y
A ^moJ Ho$ H$maUZH$mo AWdm gmYZZH$mo n[a`mJ H$aZm| M{hò. ^moJh_|
godm$b
416
^pV~mYH$ {df`ZH$mo n[a`mJ EH$ gmYZ ho, Vog|hr {Z`yh (^Jdg_{nV

{df`ZH$mo Cn^moJ) Xygamo AWdm lo> gmYZ _m`mo OmV ho. gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm
H$hV h| Omo _hmZ (^Jdg_{nV {df`ZH$mo) ^moJ Vmo Abm{H$H$ gm_`$n
W_ \$bHo$ AVJV hmoV ho&&3-4&&
{ddaUmW : (1) ^moJ Xmo` H$maHo$ hmoV h| H$.bm{H$H$ I.Abm{H$H$. {VZ_|
bm{H$H$ `m` hmoV ho n[a Abm{H$H$ ^moJ Vmo Abm{H$H$ gm_`$n \$bHo$
AVJV hmoV ho. (2) {V~Yh Xmo` H$maHo$ hmoV h|- (H$) gmYmaU (I)
^JdH$V. Vhm gmYmaU {V~Y Vmo bm{H$H$ MmVwargm| Xya hmo` gHo$ n[a Omo
^JdH$V {V~Y hmo` gmo Vmo ""^JdmZ _moH$m| \$bXmZ H$[admo Zmht MmhV
h|'' Eg| _m{Z boZmo. Vmoh A`ml` Vmo H$V` Zmht ho n[a ""_oao dm_rZ| ò OZ_
_oamo Amgwamdoe`wVhr am{IdoH$mo {dMm`m} ho'' Egmo AmnwZo d$nH$mo Vd{ZYma
OrdH$m| H$[a boZmo. A ^w Vmo H$Vw_-AH$Vw_-A`WmH$Vw_ g_W h|. A
{ZOoN>mgm|hr g~ H$Ny> AnZr brbm H$aV h|, Ego {ddoH$mam _mhm`kmZH$mo
Adb~Z H$[a boZmo Vmgm| `W emoH$H$mo {ZdmaU hmoV ho. Vmgm| Vrgar
H$m[aH$m_| "{ddoH$' nX am`mo ho.
Q>rH$m : ^JdmZH$m| gdWm H$m` Z hmo` V~ Vmo J{V Zmht ho. V~ Vmo Om
ar{Vgy VdH$mo {ZYma hmo` dm ar{Vgy {ddoH$ amIZm|, òhr gmYZ _m`mo ho.
BVZ|, Om OrdD$na ^JdmZH$s {deof H$nm hmo` VmH$mo ofm{XH$ H$[adogy
^JdmZ godm_| Omo {V~Y H$a| gmo "^JdH$V{V~Y' OmZZm|. V~, ^JdmZ
gdgm_``wV Amoa dV h| Amoa {dZH$s BN>m dm OrdH$s nmg godm
H$am`doH$s Z ^B V~ gdWm \$bH$mo A^mdhr ho, Eg| OmZZm|. V~ _Z_| Egmo
{dMma hmo` Omo ^JdmZZ| {V~Y {H$`mo Vmo XygaoH$s godm H$[adogy Xygamo \$b
{_boJmo Ego {dMmaH$s {Zd{mHo${bò {ddaU_| Amkm H$ar ho Omo ""^JdH$V
{V~Y hmo` V~ A`H$s godmh `W ho''. H$`m|, Omo `mggy_| H$mo ho Omo
""g~ \$b ^JdmZgyhr {_bo ho''. BVZ|, gd\$b Xo`dodmao ^whr h|. Amoa Xygao
Omo \$b XoV h| gmo ^wHo$ AmYrZ h|. Vmgy ^wH$s \$b Xo`doH$s BN>m Z hmo`
V~ Xygaoh \$b Xo` gH|$ Zmht Vmgy gdWm dmHw$ \$bH$mo A^mdhr ho.
godm$b
417
Vhm e>m hmo` Omo gdWm \$b Xo`doH$s BN>m ^wHw$ Z hmo` gmo Vmo
AmgwaOrdZ {dfo hmo` ho, XdrZ {dfo Vmo Zmht hmoV ho. Amoa ò Vmo ^Jd_mJ_|
Am`mo ho, godm H$ao ho Vmgy Xdr Ord ho, VmHw$ gdWm \$bH$mo A^md Ho$g| H$mo
Om`? Egr e>mH$s {Zd{mHo${bò {ddaU_| Amkm H$ar ho Omo ""VXm Amgwam@`
Ord B{V {Zma''. BVZ|, gw{>H$s Am{X_|h ^wH$s BN>mgyhr AmgwaOrd ^ò
Vog| O~ ^wH$s BN>m OrdHw$ Amgwa H$[adoH$s hmo` V~ Ord Amgwa hmo`. Vmgy
^VH$mo A{Vof H$ao V~ dmo Ord Xd ^`mo hmo` Vmoh dmHw$ Amgwa H$a|. BVZ|,
godm{XH$gy Xd XrIdo_| AmdVmo hmo` Amoa ^VH$mo ofh H$aVmo hmo` V~ Vmo `h
Amgwa Ord ho Eg|hr OmZZm|. Vmgy {V~YHo$ d$nHw$ Om{Zdodmao Omo dUd h|
CZHw$ Vmo Xwgm{XH$Z_| gmdYmZhr ahoZmo.
Amoa Om OrdHw$ godm_| ^JdH$V {V~Y hmo` VmHw$ nrN>| nMmmmn
hmo`H|$ godm Zmht ~{ZdoH$mo emoH$ hmo`. V~ nydgy dh ^pV_mJu` ho Vmgy emoH$
Z hmo`doHo${bò Vd{ZmaHo$ Cnm`^yV {ddoH$$n gmYZ H$hV h| Omo ""Om
H$magy emoH$H$mo A^md hmo` dm H$maH$mo kmZ amIZmo òhr gmYZ ho''. Vm_|
Cn{ZfXHo$ kmZH$s Anojm Zmht ho {H$Vw gm`, `moJ AWdm A` Cnm`gm|
Vd{ZM` H$[aHo$ ^yZZ|hr ò g~ {H$`mo ho, gd OJV ~m_H$ ho, _| H$moZ
h, gmYZ H$hm ho, \$b H$hm ho, XmVm H$moZ ho, ^moVm H$moZ ho -B`m{XH$
VdH$mo {ZYma H$aZmo. Vmgy emoH$ {Zdm hmo`. òhr A{^m` ""VXmkmZ_mJ}U
WmV` emoH$m^mdm` B{V {ddoH$'' Eg| {ddaU_| OVm`mo ho.
{ddaU_| ""emoH$Ho$ A^mdHo${bò kmZ_mJH$[aH|$ ahoZmo'' Eg| H$mo ho
VmH$mo A{^m` Egmo XrgV ho Omo kmZ_mJH$s pW{Vgy emoH$H$mo A^mdhr \$b
hmo`, kmZ_mJu` _wpV Z hmo`. naVw dmH$mo Egmo A{^m` ho Omo _yb_| ""Oogmo
VdH$mo {Zma hmo` Egmo {ddoH$ amIZm|'' Eg| H$mo ho Vmgy dm AmgwaOrd_|h
Amdoer Amoa ghO Ego Xmo` ôX h|. Vm_| Omo Amdoer ho gmo Vmo Amdoe aho V~
VmB ^VH$mo ofm{XH$ H$ao Amoa Amdoe {_{Q>Om` V~ ^VHo$ Cna ofm{XH$h
{_{Q>Om`. EgoHw$ Vmo kmZ_mJmH$[aH|$ g`bmoH$_| pW{V AWdm Aja~H$s
mpV hmo`. Amoa ghOmgwa hmo` J`mo hmo` Vmgy gdXm ^V Cna of am{IH|$ moh
H$`m} H$ao VmHw$ Vmo kmZ_mJH$s pW{Vgyh dm _mJH$mo \$b Z hmo` naVw
emoH$m^md $n \$b hmo`. BVZ|, eaU Am`dodmamo Ordh ghOmgwa hmo` Om` Vmoh
godm$b
418
dmHw$ emoH$m^md$n \$b Vmo hmo`&&3&&

""Vr`m| ~mYH$H$mo n[a`mJ H$aZmo'' Vm_| ^moJ Omo ~mYH$ {b`mo ho gmo
bm{H$H$ ^moJ ~mYH$ ho. Amoa Abm{H$H$ ^moJ \$b$n ho Vmgy ^moJh EH$
\$b$n ho Amoa EH$ ~mYH$$n ho Eg| OmZZmo. Amoa {Z{dZ _hmZ ^moJ ho VmH$mo
doe gXm W_\$b_| ho. BVZ|, ^moJ_|h Abm{H$H$^moJ$n\$b_| {d> ho Vmgy
dmhr H$magy ^moJ H$aZmo. Amoa XmoC {V~YZ_| "na' Zm_ ^JdH$V Omo
{V~Y ho VmH$mo Vmo `mJ hmo` gHo$ EgmoZmht ho Vmgy dmHy$ N>mo{S>Ho$ Xygamo
{V~Y ho gmo ~w{H$[aH|$ N>moS>Zmo.
Vhm e>m hmo` Omo bm{H$H$^moJ VWm Abm{H$H$^moJH$s Vmo Vw`Vm ho dm_|
VmaV` Zmht XrgV ho! gmo e>mH$s {Zd{mHo${bò Abm{H$H$^moJ_| {dbjUVm
H$hV h| Omo Abm{H$H$gm_`$n W_\$b_| ^Jdd$nmZXHo$ AZw^d$n
^moJ O~ {H$`mo Om` ho V~ dm_| H$mbm{XH$H$[aH|$h AVam` Zmht hmo` gH$V
ho, Eg| {Z{dZ Abm{H$H$ ^moJ {g hmo` ho. Amoa bm{H$H$^moJ_| Vmo gXm {dZ
Am`mohr H$ao ho Vmgy {Z{dZVmH$mo gdWm A^mdhr ho. Eg| bm{H$H$ Amoa
Abm{H$H$ ^moJ_| ~hmoV ôX ho. Vmgyhr g`mg{ZU`_| Amkm H$ar ho Omo ""dm_|
~mYm H$[adoHw$ h[ah g_W Zmht ho Vmo Xygamo Vmo H$moZ H$a gHo$?'' Vog| `h ^moJ
d$ngy, \$bgy Amoa gmYZgy ~S>mo ho. `m| Omo {df`mZX VWm ~mZXH$s
AnojmH$[aH|$ ÔZmZX ~S>mohr ho Vmgyhr Vr`m| \$bZ_| Abm{H$H$gm_`$n
Omo W_ \$b ho dm_| dmH$mo (ÔZmXH$mo) doe ho&&4&&
ZZw gmYmaUmo ^moJ H$W `V`:? B{V AmH$mjm`m_ Amh ""g{dZmo
Anmo KmVH$ `mX''B{V.
g{dZmo @ nmo KmVH$ `mX ~bmX EVm gXm _Vm &&
g{dZdmX AndmX ^moJ `m`. EVm gXm {V~YH$m.
{Vrò gd W m {MVm `m`m g g ma{ZM`mV &&5&&
godm$b
419
{Vr`mo ^JdH$V{V~Y. kmZpW`^mdo {MVm^mdmW_ Amh

"{Vr`'B{V.
Zdmo XmV V m ZmpV V V rò ~mYH $ J h _ &&
Am\$bm^mdo ^JdVmo XmVd ZmpV. VXm godm Z Am{YX{dH$s B`wV
^d{V. ^moJm^md VXd {g`{V `Xm Jhn[a`mJ.
An=WmoS>mo
(M=h, ^moJ=^moJ)
g{dZ={dZg{hV
KmVH$=KmVH$
`mX=hmo`, EVm=ò XmoZm|
(bm{H$H$:=bm{H$H$,
^moJ=^moJ,
^JdH$VM=Amoa ^JdmZHo$
mam ^`mo,{V~Y={V~Y)
gXm=h_|em
~bmX=~bnydH$
(KmVH$m=KmVH$)
_Vm=_mZo h|
{Vrò=Xygao_(| ^JdH$V{V~Yo=
^JdmZHo$ H$ao {V~Y_|)
ggma{ZM`mV=ggmaH$mo
{ZM` hmo`dogy, {MVm={MVm
gdWm=haVahgy
`m`m=`mJZr
ZVw= (`{X=Omo)
Amo=n{hbo_|
XmVVm=Xo`doH$s BN>m
ZmpV=Zmht ho
(VXm{n=Vmo ^r)
VVrò=Vrgao_|
(bm{H$H$^moJo=bm{H$H$^moJ_|)
Jh=Ka
~mYH$=~YZH$maH$
(^d{V=hmo` ho)
^mdmW : Vog|hr An^moJ Vmo AWmV bm{H$H$^moJ Vmo gdXm jw gwI Xo`dodmamo,
gmoh AZoH${dY {dZZHo$ gmW, ho Egr g_O nao V~hr Ny>{Q> gH$V ho. A`Wm
bm{H$H$^moJ A ^JdH$V {V~Y ^pV^mdHo$ ~bdmZ ~mYH$ ~{Z OmV h|,
Eg| _m{ZHo$ MbZmo M{hò. ^JdH$V {V~Y hmo`dono Vmo AnZr ggmamgpV
godm$b
420
Vy{Q>dodmar Zmht ho, Egmo {ZM` H$[aHo$ {MVmH$mo `mJ H$[admohr Cnm` ho. godm
H$aVh godH$Ho$ ^rVa O~ Abm{H$H$ gm_`H$mo mH$Q> hmoV Zmht V~ VmH$m|
{V~Yhr _m{Z boZmo C{MV Zmht n[a Abm{H$H$ go`-^w godH$mam H$ar
OmVr godm_| Am{YX{dH$Vm H$Q> hmo`do Xodmo MmhV Zmht h| Ego g_OZm|.
bm{H$H$ ^moJ Ho$goh Ny>Q>V Z hm|` Vmo Jh`mJ H$[a XoZmohr AmN>mo (H$m[aH$mW).
Vhm EH$ Z CR>V ho Omo gmYmaU ^moJ Ho$go Ny>{Q> gHo$? VmH$mo g_mYmZ
H$hV h| Omo bm{H$H$ ^moJ AZoH${dY {dZZHo$ gmW jw gwIHw$ Xo`dodmamo ho
VmV| `m`hr ho. n[a Ord O~ gmdYmZr amIV Zmht V~ bm{H$H$ ^moJ g{dZ
A An hmo`donoh ^JdH$V {V~YH$s ZmB ^JdgodmHo$ ^pV^mdH$mo
~bdmZ ~mYH$ ~{Z OmV ho. VmV| nmM_o bmoH$_| "g{dZ' A "An'
hoVwJ{^V {deofU h|. ^moJ H$mhoH$m| `m` ho? Vm_o ^moJHo$ ò Xmo` {deofU
g{dZ ho VmV| `m` ho A AngwI Xo`dodmamo ho VmV| `m` ho, Ego OZmdV
h|. Vog|hr nmM_o bmoH$_o "EVm' H$mo, Vhm "bm{H$H$^moJ' A "^JdH$V
{V~Y' A{ôV h|. Vmgm| ò XmoZm| ~bdmZ ~mYH$ ^ò. nmM_r H$m[aH$m_|
Xygao {V~YHo$ hmo`dono {MVm`mJH$s Omo H$hr Vm_| "Xygao' nXH$mo A{^m`
^JdH$V {V~YV| g_OZmo. Vrgar H$m[aH$m_| Cn{X> _mhm`kmZmdb~r
{ddoH$h H$moD$ am{I Z gH$V hmo` VmH$s {MVmH$s {Zd{mH$mo Cnm` "ggma{ZM`'
ho. Omo ^{dV` OmH$mo {ZpMV ho VmHw$ Q>m[adoH$s {MVm H$[adoVo H$Ny> bm^ hmoV
Zmht. VmV| \o$[a ^JdH$V {V~YH$s MMm_| nwZpV Zmht. ^Jdgodm
H$aVh O~ Abm{H$H$ gm_`H$mo mH$Q> hmoV Z hmo` Vmo VmHw$ ^JdH$V{V~Y
_m{ZH|$ ggma{ZM` Om{Z godm`mJ H$[admo C{MV Zmht. gmo H$mhoVo? H$hV h|
Omo `m OZ__| ^yVbno ^w Abm{H$H$ gm_`$n \$bXmZ H$[admo Z Mmh| Vmo
Vogr godm Am{YX{dH$s Z ^B Om{Zò. n[a Xoh Ny>Q>o nmN>| godmon`mo{JXohH$mo XmZ
H$[aHo$ ^w {Z`brbm_| Am{YX{dH$s godm XmZ H$a|Jo ({ddaUmW).
Q>rH$m : bm{H$H$^moJ {dZg{hV ho VWm An ho Amoa ^JdH$V{V~Y
~bmH$magy KmVH$ ho Vmgy ò XmoC {V~Y _mZo h|. gmo W_ (bm{H$H$^moJ)
`mJH$[ado`mo` ho; Amoa Xygamo (^JdH$V) {V~Y hmo` V~ Vmo ggmaH$mohr
{ZM` ho. Vmgy gdWm {MVm N>moS>Zr.
godm$b
421
BVZ|, bm{H$H$^moJ_| Am{Y-`m{Y$nr {dZ ~hmoV h|, Vog| H$_ VWm

H$mbm{XH$Zgyh {dZ hmo`doH$mo g^d ho. VWm d$ngy, \$bgy Amoa gmYZgy
h An ho. Amoa ^JdH$V {V~Y godmg_`_| AdamoYdmamo hmo`dogy KmVH$
ho. Eg| Xmo` gXm {V~YH$ _mZo h|. gmo W_ `mJH$[ado`mo` ho Amoa Xygao_|
J{V Zmht. Eg| A{^m`gy {ddaU_| Amkm H$ar ho Omo ""EVm gXm {V~YH$m''
ò Xmo` gXm {V~YH$ h|. Eg| bm{H$H$^moJ `mJH$[ado`mo` ho Eg| OVm`H|$
^JdH$V{V~YH$mo `mJ hmo` gHo$ Zmht. Amoa kmZ_mJH$s pW{V_| A{YH$ma
Z hmo` Egmo _X_{V hmo` V~ dmHw$ \$bH$s {MVm H$[aHo$ emoH$ hmo` VmH$s
{Zd{mHo${bò H$hV h| Omo {Vr` (^JdH$V) {V~Y hmo` V~ gdH$maH$[aH|$
A`gyh gdWm \$bHo$ g~YH$mo A^md ho Vmgy \$b{df{Ùr {MVm N>moS>Zr.
`m| Omo AhVm-__Vm_H$ Omo ggma ho gmo gdWm AZWH$mo _yb ho VmH$mo
{ZM` ho. BVZ| ^JdH$V {V~Yhmo` V~ ggmahr \$b ho Xygamo \$b Zmht
ho Eg| {ZM`g_OZmo&&5&&
^Jdgodm H$aVh "Am'H$s-Abm{H$H$gm_`H$s AZw^y{V Z hmo` V~
^JdmZHw$ \$b Xo`doH$s BN>m Zmht ho Eg| OmZZmo. Amoa VVr`{V~Y Omo
bm{H$H$^moJ ho Vm_| Jh ~mYH$ ho.
BVZ|, ""Abm{H$H$gm_`$n \$bH$mo A^md hmo` V~ ^JdmZH$s \$b
Xo`doH$s BN>m Zmht ho. V~ godmH$mo Am{YX{dH$nZmo {g Zmht hmo` ho. Amoa
JhH$mo n[a`mJ hmo` V~hr bm{H$H$^moJH$mo A^md hmo`'' Eg| Amkm H$ar ho
VmH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo ^JdmZ gdarVgy g_W h| Amoa AVH$aUHo$
g~Ydmao h| VWm{n {Mm_| {djon$n CoJ H$a| V~ _mZgr godm {g Zmht
hmo`dogy godmH$mo Am{YX{dH$nZmo {g hmo` Zmht, V~ ^JdmZ_| \$b Xo`doH$s
BN>mH$mo A^md ho Eg| CoJ$n ~mYH$Hw$ H${hHo$ ^moJ$n ~mYH$_| {dMma H$aV
h| Omo bm{H$H$^moJ_| Jhhr ~mYH$ ho. `m| Omo bm{H$H$ ^moJ ho gmo ^JdmZgy
~{h_wIVm gnmXZ H$ao ho, gmo O~ VmB Ka_| pW{V hmo` V~ VmB {Zdm H$amo
Vmoh {Zdm hmo` gHo$ Zmht. Vmgyhr lr_XmMm`MaUZZ| {Z~Y_| Amkm H$ar ho
Omo ""Jh gdm_mH$[aH|$ N>moS>Zmo, gmo Ny>Q> gHo$ Zmht Vmo lrH$UHo${bò Ka Omo{S>
godm$b
422
XoZm|; `m| Omo lrH$U ho gmo AhVm-__Vm$n ggmaHw$ Nw>S>m`dodmao h|''&&6&&

Adò ` gXm ^m`m gd _ A`V _Zmo ^ _ &&6&&
VXr` a {n VV H$m` nw >m Z d {db~ò V &&
Jw U jmo ^ o @ {n >`_ EVXo d o { V _o _{V&&7&&
B`=Egr(XmVVm=XmZoN>m)
^m`m=^mdZm H$aZr
A`V=Amoa, gd=g~
_Zmo^_=_ZH$mo ^_ ho
(B{V=Egmo,{ZM`={ZM`ho)
VXr`=VXr`ZHw$
A{n=h, VV=dmo
(^mdZ=^mdZ)H$m`=H$aZmo
Ad`m=H$moCH$mo Omno de Zmhtho Egrho

nw>m=nw{>_|, Z=Zmht
Ed=hr, {db~òV={db~H$a|Jo
JwUjmoô=JwUHo$ jmo^_|
A{n=h, EVV=ò
Ed=hr, >`=XoIZmo
B{V=Egr, _o=_oar
_{V=_{V ho
^mdmW : ^JdmZH$s \$bXmVVmno H$mhH$mo de Zmht. Vmgm| A` Omo H$Nw>

{dMma _Z_| CnOo VmH$m| _Zmo^_hr g_wPZmo&&6&&
^Jdg~Yr nwfZHw$h \$b Amoa {V~YZ H$mo {dMma amIZmo M{hò.
AZwJhH$[ado_| lrh[a H$~h {db~ Zmht H$a|Jo. gdm{X JwUZH$aH|$ O~ H$moB
VahH$mo {dH$ma CnZ hmo` Vmo dm g_`h ""^wZohr \$bXo`do_| {db~ {dMm`m}
ho'' Eg| g_PZm| Egr _oar ~w{ ho&&7&&
Q>rH$m : Eg| VrZ \$b VWm VrZ {V~YH$mo {Z$nU H$[aHo$ AnZo godH$ZHw$
{dZH$mo am{-{Xdg {dMma H$m` ho Egmo OVm`doHo${bò Amkm H$aV h| Omo ò
\$b`r VWm {V~Y`r gXm Ad` {dMmaUr` ho. {dZH$mo Omo {ZaVa
{dMma hmo` Vmo ^pV_mJ_| Xygamo {V~Y Zmht hmo`Jmo Egmo OVm`doHo${bò
H$hV h| Omo ò VrZ \$b VWm VrZ {V~Y N>mo{S>H|$ Xygamo gd _ZH$mo ^_ ho;
godm$b
423
AWmV Xygao \$bH$s Amoa Xygao {V~YH$s H$nZm H$aZr gmo _ZH$s ^mpVhr
ho&&6&&
A~ `hm e>m hmo` Omo \$b VWm {V~YH$mo Omo Cna {Z$nU {H$`mo gmo
Vmo Omo AmnHo$ Am{lV hm|` {dZHw$ KQ>o Zmht. `m| Omo {dZHo$ Xoh VWm
Bp`m{XH$ g~ ^wZHw$ g_{nV h| Vmgy g~ZHw$ \$b$n ^wH$mo g~Y ho,
Vmgy {dZHw$ Vmo \$b ^`mohr ho, Vmo {dZHo${bò \$b VWm {V~Y H$mo {Z$nU
H$aZm| gmo `Whr ho Egr Ame>m hmo` Vhm H$hV h|:
VXr`ZHw$h \$b VWm {V~Ym{XH$ H$s ^mdZm H$aZr. Ho$dbnw{>_|
ArH$ma hmo` V~ Vmo \$b_| {db~ H$ao Zmht Amoa JwUH$mo jmo^ hmo` V~h
gmYZ òhr XoIZmo Egr _oar _{V ho.
BVZ| {OZZ| ~g~Y {H$`mo ho {dZH$m|h \$b VWm {V~Ym{XH$ H$mo
^mdZ H$aZm|. `m| Omo {OZH$mo Ho$dbnw{>_| ArH$ma hmo` {dZH$m| Vmo \$b Xo`do_|
^w {db~ H$ao Zmht naVw AmYw{ZH$ OrdZH$mo Vmo nw{>_`mXm_|hr ArH$ma
hmo`dogy \$b{g{_| {db~ hmo` ho. V~ o{fV^VH $mH$sgr ZmB \$bHo$ {V~YH$s
^mdZm gdXm H$aZt. Vog| gmpdH$m{XH$ JwUH$[aH|$ AVH$aU_| jmo^ hmo` V~h
\$bHo$ {V~Ym{XH$H$shr ^mdZm H$aZt. VmH$s {Zd{mHo${bò Xygao gmYZ Zmht
H$aZ| Egr _oar (lrdb^mMmÒrH$s) _{V ho. `hm _oar _{V ho Eg| H${hdoH$mo
A{^m` `h ho Omo `m {df`_| {dMma H$aV-H$aV _oar ~w{ `hmhr {ZMb
hmo`Ho$ ahr ho. Xygamo gmYZ _oar ~w{_| Zmht Amdo ho&&7&&
`hm e>m hmo` Omo Eg| H$[ado_| XyfUH$mo Am^mg hmo` V~ _Z_| Egmo
{dMma Amdo Omo AnZ| g_nUH$[aH|$ VXr` ^ò V~ \$b hmo`doH$mo g^d ho,
Vmgy {V~Ym{XH$H$mo {Z$nU {H$`mo gmo `W ho, Egr e>m hmo` Vhm H$hV
h|:
Hw $ g { >a A dm H$m{MX Cno V g d ^ _ &&
godm$b
424
&& B{V lr_Xdb^mMm`MaUH${Q>V g{ddaU godm\$b &&

A=`hm
dm=h
H$m{MV=H$moB H$maH$s
Hw$g{>=Hw$g{>
CnoV=CnZ hmo`
g=dmo
d={ZM`hr
^_=^_ ho
^mdmW : `m CpV_| Omo H$moBHw$ gXohm{X CnZ hm|` Vmo dmo ^__m ho&&
Q>rH$m : `hm H$mh OmVH$s Hw$g{> CnZ hmo` ho gmo {ZM` ^_$n hmo` ho
BVZ|, Omo VXr` h| {dZHw$ Vmo {Z`_H$[aH|$ \$bH$mo g^d ho Vmgy
gdm{XH$ JwUZH$[aH|$ _Z_| A`Wm^md hmo` gmo ^_ ho. `m| Omo ^w
dVBN>mdmao h| Egmo {Z$nU {H$`mo ho, Vmgy ^w \$b Z X|`Jo Egr AZwnn{m
_Z_| Amdo VmH$mo n[ahma Vmo W_hr {H$`mo ho VmH$s ^mdZm amIZr&&
&& B{V lrdb^mMmÒr {da{MV godm\$bH$s
Jmodm_r lrZqghbmbOr _hmamOH$V
dO^mfmQ>rH$m g_mV ^B &&
godm$b
425
&& nMbmoH$s &&

(22)
lr_hm^yZHo$ A`h CnXoenaH$ JWZH$s `mB nMbmoH$sh g~
nw{>OrdZHo$ X`_| gdWm-gdXm YmaU H$[a am{Ido Ogmo JW ho. `mHo$ nmM
bmoH$Z_|Vo gmS>o VrZ bmoH$ Vmo nw{>^pVHo$ AZHo$ CnXoemW h|; A S>oT>
bmoH$ nw{>n{mHo$ AZHo$ CnXoemW h|.
lr_hm^yZHo$ _VHo$ AZwgma Ord VrZ H$maHo$ hmoV h|: 1.nw{>_mJu`
Xdr Ord, 2._`mXm_mJu` Xdr Ord Amoa 3.dmh_mJu` Amgwar Ord. {VZH$mo
Vmo dUZ lr_hm^yZZo nw{>dmh_`mXmôX JW_| H$`m}hr ho. Vhm VrZ H$maHo$
_maJ/J{V, VrZ H$maHo$ gmYZ-\$b, VrZ H$maHo$ Ord/Xoh; A VrZhr
H$maZH$s {VZH$s {M/H${VZH$mo dUZh AmnZo {H$`mo ho. VmoC ^yVbno OZ_
bo`Ho$ gJao Ord H$~hH$ EH$-XyOoHo$ KaZ_|h; Vmo H$~hH$ Omo AmnwZo KaHo$
gJo-g~Yr Zmqh EgoZH$moh g nm`Ho$, {_{lV ^mdZH$m| H$Q> H$aV h|. gmo
Ego ^md{_lUHo$ H$maU {{dY OrdZH$s {M_| VWm gm_`_| h {d{dYVmH$mo
AZw^d hmoV ho. VmV| _`mXm_mJu` AWdm dmh_mJu` OrdZHo$ _maJ-J{V,
gmYZ-\$b, Ord-Xohd$n; A {M-H${V Am{X gJao {df`ZH$mo {Z$nU
AmnZo Vmhr nw{>dmh_`mXm JW_| H$[a XrZmo ho. gmo VmH$s MMm A~ `hm
H$[adoH$mo g Zmqh. Oo, naVw, nw{>Ord h| {VZHo$ {d{dY d^md A {d{dY
gm_` H$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ AmnHo$ X`_| H$Zm CnOr Omo, H$moC nw{>Ord
{ZO_mJu` hmo`donoh, d^mdôX qH$dm gm_`ôX Ho$ H$maU nw{>^pVH$s
gaUrno M{bHo$ nw{>^yZHo$ A{^_wI Omo hmo` gH$V Zmqh {VZH$s H$hm J{V!
Vmgm| {ZO_maJ_| {ZOOrdZH$m| {ZO nw{>^yZHo$ A{^_wI Om H$mh gaUrno
Mbm`Ho$ nhMm`mo Om` gHo$, gmo Egmo Cnm` H$[admo M{hò. gmo H$mhoVo? Omo
nw{>_maJ ho gmo Vmo d$nmZXHo$ XmZmW Om OrdH$mo ^yZZo ArH$ma {H$`mo hmo`
VmHo$ {bòhr ho. VmoC `m _maJ_| H$~hH$ _o`~b H$Q> H$[aHo$ ^w d`
{ZOOZHo$ g_wI H$Q> hmoV h|; A H$~hH$ _o`~b H$Q> H$aV Zmqh. V~
OrdH$m| JwH$nmV| _mU~bH$mo Amgamo bo`Ho$ `Wmgm_`-`WmonXoe ^pV_maJ
AWdm eaUmJ{V_maJ H$s gaUrH$m| nH$[aHo$ nw{>^yZHo$ A{^_wI AJga
hm|dZmo naV ho. Vmgm| lw{V-gy-JrVm-^mJdV-nmMamm{X _mUZ_| ^pV
nMbmoH$s
426
A eaUmJ{V Ho$ OmoB-OmoB A, d$nKQ>H$ ~Vmò h|, {VZH$m| ^pVn{mHo$ m_m{UH$ A Ad`H$V` _m{ZHo$- ""dUml_dVm Y_} _wò
Z>o N>boZ Vw, {H$`_mUo Z Y_ `mX AVV_mZ Z _moMZ ... EV_mJ`
moV J{VgmYZg`wV_'' (g.{Z.223-256)dMZZHo$ AZwgma em{d{hV
AZH$s _`mXmH$mo Vmo `WmepV {Zdmh H$aZmo naVw YmZVm Vmo em_m{UV
nw{>^yZHo$ _o`~bH$mo X`_| {ddmg am{IdoH$s Amd`H$ _mZr ho. Vmgm|
^pV A n{m Ho$ em_m{UV-emm{d{hV d$nKQ>H$ AZH$sh _w`Vm
OmZZr. gmo H$mhoVo? Vhm H$hV h| Omo nw{>^pVH$mo d$n lw`m{X gH$b
emZgm| {ghr ho, `m_| Vmo H$moC gXoh Zmqh, n[a dUml_Y_, {Z`H$_,
`mJm{X, Z{_{mH$H$_, nyOZ-dV-lm B`m{XH$ H$V`ZH$s `mB ""nw{>^pV
H$amo''Egr Amkm emZ_| {_bV Zmqh. `mhrVo ""^pV_mJ` H$WZmV
nw{>aVr{V {ZM`'' (nw.._.2) dMZ_| emZ_| ^pV_mJHo$ {Z$nUV|
nWH$ nw{>_mJH$s namoj {g{ OVm` Xr{Z ho. VmV| nw{>_mJu` ^pV A n{m
Ho$ d$nKQ>H$ AZ_| {Z>m{Y`H$mo CnXoe H$aZH$m| A~ H$hV h|:
J h gdm _Zm `m` VMo V `Vw Z e`Vo &
H $ UmW VV `w OrV H $ U g g ma_mo M H$&&1&&
Jh=Ka
gdm_Zm=g~ Vahgm|
`m`=`mJ H$[ado`mo`
(^d{V=hmoV ho)VV=dmo
`Vw=N>mo{S>doHw$
Z=Zmht
e`Vo=e` ~Zo
MoV=`{X,VV=dmo
H$UmW=H$UHo$ AW
`wOrV=AmN>rar{Vgm|bJmdZmo
(`V=`m|)
H$U=lrH$U
ggma_moMH$=ggmagm| Nw>S>m`dodmao
(^d{V=hmoV h|)
^mdmW : Ka, dgo Vmo, gdWm `mJ H$[ado bm`H$hr hmoV ho; naVw g~ H$moC
KaH$m| V{O gH$V Zmqh. Vmgm| H$UH$s godm_| KaH$m| bJmdZmo. gmo H$mhoVo? Omo
{ZOJh_| H$Ud$nH$m| nYma`Ho$ Omo Ord {VZH$s godm_| Vna hmoV ho, VmH$s
nMbmoH$s
427
ggmamgpV Nw>S>m`Ho$ ^w VmH$m| {ZOd$nmgpV$nm nw{>^pVH$mo XmZ H$aV

h|.
Q>rH$m : `m CnXoe_| EH$ e>m CR>V ho Omo `m H$m[aH$m_| H$hm nw{>^VHo$ KaH$s
ho`VmH$mo VdmonXoe ho AWdm nw{>^VZH$m| Ka V{OdoH$mo H$V`monXoe ho?
KaH$mo d$nhr Omo `m` hmo` Vmo Ego Ka_| ^Jdd$nH$s godm H$mhoH$m|
H$aZr? Omo KaH$mo `mJ g~hr nw{>OrdZH$m| W_ H$V` hmo` Vmo {OZ OrdZgm|
`mJ H$[admo Z ~{Z Amdo {VZH$m|hr AZwH$nV`m ^Jdgodm H$V` hmo`Jr.
V~ Vmo Jh`mJ _w` H$V` ^`mo A ^Jdgodm JmU H$V`. V~ Vmo
^pV_maJV| `mJ-dam`-g`mg_mJH$s lo>Vm H$mho Z {g hmo`Jr?
Vhm g_mYmZ `h OmZZmo Omo KaH$m| V{OdoH$s `hm Amkm Vmo ho Zmqh;
Vmgm| `m dMZH$m| H$V`monXoe Vmo Z OmZZmo. gmo KaHo$ d$nH$mo {Z$nUhr `hm
A{ôV hmo`doV| `m dMZH$mo d$n Vmo VdmonXoeH$mohr ho:Omo Ka ggmamgpV
~T>m`dodmamo hmo`doVo Ordm_mH$m| ^dgmJa_| Sw>~m`dodmamo ho.
lr_hm^yZH$m| nw{>OrdZHo$ CmaH$s {MVm O~ hmo` ahr hr, V~ nw{>^wZo
gmjmV H$Q> hmo`Ho$ nw{>OrdZH$m| ~g~YHo$ XmZH$s Amkm XrZr. Vmgm|
H$UgodmHo$ {ZOm{YH$maH$s {g{ ~g~YVo hmoV ho. VogoB __VmnX gH$b
Jh-YZ-Ym`-d-nw-H$bm{X
-n[aOZZH$moh ^Jdgodm_| {d{Z`moJ H$[a gHo$ Egmo OrdH$mo A{YH$ma
~g~YVo {g hmoV ho. nw{>^yZZo Egmohr dMZ lr_hm^yZH$mo {X`mo. VmV|
d$nV `m`h Ka Am_{ZdoXZH$VmHo$ go` d$nH$s godm_| {d{Z`wV
hmo`dono bm` ~{Z OmV ho, Egmo A{^m` `hm OmZZmo. {gmVah` JW_|
VmH$mohr CXmhaU:a`moXH$Ho$ Jmdmh_| {_{b Om`doVo VmH$s JmoXH$ Vw`
n{dVmHo$ $n_| XrZmo ho. Vmgm| Am_{ZdoXrH$m| H$mh H$maH$s {MVm Z H$aZr.
H$UH$s godm_| KaH$mo {d{Z`moJ H$[adoVo Kah ggmamgpVdYH$ Z hmoB
^pVdYH$ hmo` gH$V ho. Vhm gmdYm{Z `h ~a{Vò Omo {gmV_wVmdbr_|
H$ho Jò H$magm| AmnwZohr VZw-{dmV| H$Ugodm {Z^mZr M{hò. AWmV
nMbmoH$s
428
^JdgodmW Z Vmo A` H$mhH$mo YZ boZmo A Z A` H$mhH$m| YZ XoZmo. AmnwZo

gJo-g~Yr AWdm B>OZZ _|h Omo d_mJu` hm|` {VZH$m|hr AnZo go`
d$nHo$ XeZ H$amZo, gJao Jm_H$m| ~wbm` ^JdgodmH$mo XeZ Z H$aZmo.
A`Wm KaH$mo Vmo H$Ugodm_| {ZH$m_ ^pV$n g_nU-{d{Z`moJ ^`mo Zmqh;
CbQ>o lrH$UH$mo g_nU-{d{Z`moJ YZ g_mZ {V>m Ho$ jw CnmOZ_| ^`mo
Om{Zò. Vmgm| nmfS> A XodbH$Vm H$moh Xmof bJV ho. lr_hm^yZZo ""H$U
gdm_Zm `m` g Mo`Vw Z e`Vo JhmW V `wOrV Jh ^pV{ZdmaH$_''
Vmo H$mo Zmqh, VmV| ^JdgodmH$m| AmOr{dH$m AWdm nX{V>m H$_m`doH$mo
gmYZ ~Zm`dodmaoZH$m| Amgwar Ord OmZZmo&&1&&
^pVd{YZr JW_| nw{>^pVHo$ ~rO^mdgy gnZ OrdHo$ W_ Vmo Xmo`
H$ma ~Vmò h|:(1)T>~rO^mddmao (2)AT>~rO^mddmao. Vm_| AT>~rO^mddmao
OrdZHo$h nmN>o Xmo` H$ma ~Vmò h|. {VZ_| W_ A`mdm A {Vr` `mdm.
Vhm Om OrdHo$ ^rVa "nw{>^pVH$mo ~rO^md' H$hoVo lrH$U_| {ZH$m_ AMMbm
^pV gdm{Vem{`Zr {g hmo` JB hmo`, {VZH$m| Vmo ^Jdd$nmZwgYmZ A
^JdbrbmZwgYmZ X`_| {ZaVa ~`mo ahV ho. Vmhr H$maUgm|, Jh-YZn[aOZm{XH$s H$Nw> Anojm ^pV_| ahV Zmqh. Vmgm| {VZHo$ H$maO Vmo Ka
`m`h Zmqh A Amd`H$h Zmqh. A AT>~rO^mddmaoZ_ | Omo Ord A`mdm
hmoV h| {VZH$m| Vmo H$UgodmHo$ gMo A{YH$mar OmZZo. gmo H$mhoVo? Omo
""~rOXmT>H$maVw Jho pWdm dY_V, A`mdmmo ÔoV H$U nyO`m
ldUm{X{^'' Amkm Vhm _mU ho. {ZO Jh_| a{hHo$ Omo ^JdgodmH$Wm_|
VnaVm {Z^mdV h|, {VZHo$ Vmo ~rO^mdHo$ T> hmo` Om`donoh, KaHo$
^Jdgodmon`moJr hmo`doVo, Vm_| ho`Vm~w{ CnOV Zmqh. VmV| Jh`mJh Amd`H$
Zmqh-VogoB ^JdX`gZHo$ agmo_mX_| AZOmZo Jh`mJ hmo` OmVmo hmo` Vmo
H$Nw> ~mYH$h Zmqh. Omo AT>~rO^mddmao Ord `mdm hmoV h|, {VZH$m| Ama^_|
^Jdgodm AWdm Jh`mJ BZ XmoZm| ~mVZ_|Vo H$mh EH$H$s CVmdbr H$aZr
Zmqh. gmo H$mhoVo? Omo Ego OrdZHo$ H$mO lr_hm^yZZo ldU-H$sVZ-_aUAWmV "godm`m' H$n Zmqh naVw "H$Wm`m' H$n -H$s YmZVmH$mo CnXoe
XrZmo ho. VmV|hr ldUm{Xmam Ego OrdZH$s lrH$U{M O~ dqJV hmo`Ho$
^JdXmgpVH$mo $n YmaU H$[a boV ho, V~ {VZH$m| Jhm{M hmoV ho, Egr
nMbmoH$s
429
Amkm Amn H$aV h|. Jhm{M {g hmo`dono JhWH$m| JhpWV gJar dVw VWm
nw-H$bm{X gJo-g~YrZHo$ {dfo ""AnZr ^JdX^pV_| ò g~ H$Nw>
~mYH$ h| Vmgm| _oao H$mZ H$m_Ho$!'' Egmo ^mg hmoV ho. Egmo ^md X`_| C{R>doHo$
~mXh Omo Ord KaH$mo `mJ H$aV Zmqh, VmHo$ ^rVa JhmgpV nwZ ~bh hmo`
gH$V ho. Vmgm| Ego OrdZH$m| lr_hm^w Jh`mJ H$[aHo$ ^JdXr`ZHo$ g
H$[adoH$s Omo Amkm XoV h|. Vhm `h e>m hmoV ho Omo "^pV'H$mo AW `m _maJ_|
_mhm`kmZnydH$ gwT> gdVmo{YH$ Zohhr _m`mo ho, gmo ò XmoC Om Ord_| {g
^ò Vmo H$VH$`Vm ^B Om{Zò, Vmgm| Jhm{M `m Jh`mJ H$mo H$hm g?
Vhm `h OmZZmo Omo Cpb{IV ^pVH$mo d$n ^pVH$s gmYZ-\$bmdWm
C^`gmYmaU d$n ho. Egr ^pVH$moh Ma_moH$f Vmo ^JdmZH$mo ^V_| A
^VH$mo ^JdmZ_| {ZamoY {g ^òVo _m`mo ho. Vmgm| nw{>OrdZH$mo nM{d_{VnydH $
^JdXmgpV$n {ZamoYH$s {g{ hmo` Vmhr hoVwgm| lr_hm^w ""Jh gdm_Zm
`m`''Aegy {Z${nV Jh`mJ njH$m| ^manydH$ {Z$nU H$aV h|. gmo VmHo$hr
AZwgYmZ_| A~ AmJo H$hV h|:g: gdm _Zm `m`: g Mo V `Vw Z e`Vo &
g gpX ^ : gh H$V `: gV g` ô f O_ &&2&&
g=g
gdm_Zm=g~ Vahgy
`m`=`mJ H$[ado`mo`
g=dmo (g)
gpX^:=gnwfHo$, gh=gmW
H$V`=H$aZmo M{hò
(^d{V=hmo` ho)g=dmo
`Vw=N>moS>Zmo, Z=Zht
e`Vo=e` hmo`, MoV=`{X
(`V=`m|Ho$)
gV=gnwfH$mo, g`=g
ôfO=dm`H$mar(^d{V=hmoVho)
^mdmW : g Vmo H$mhH$mo Z H$[admohr C{MV ho naVw nag Ny>Q>Vh Zmqh; VmV|
`{X g H$aZmohr naVmo hmo` Vmo gMo ^JdXr`ZH$mohr H$[admo C{MV ho.
nMbmoH$s
430
Q>rH$m : AT> ~rO^mddmao Oo H$moC nw{>Ord hm|` {VZH$m| ^JdgodmnamÙ

^JdXr`ZHo$ gmW ^JdZm_-d$n-brbmH$mo ldU-H$sVZ-_aU H$aZmo
M{hò. `mhrH$mo "H$Wmnj' H$hV h|. H$Wmnj_| ma^_| Jh`mJ C{MV _m`mo
Zmqh; naVw AV_| ~rO^md T> hmo`dono VmH$mo H$V`monXoe {X`mo ho. Vhm
Ama{^H$ AdWm_| AWdm ~rO^mdHo$ T> hmo`doHo$ nMmVh {OZH$mo g H$moC
H$[admo MmhV ho, {VZH$s narjm H$aZr Ho$ Z H$aZr? gmo H$mho nyN`mo OmV ho?
Vhm Zme` `h OmZZmo Omo H$mhH$s narjm H$aHo$ g H$[adoH$s H$hV hmo gmo
e` Zmqh. gmo H$mhoVo Omo narjm H$[aHo$ OmH$mo g H$aZmo hmo` VmHo$ JwUXmofZH$mo
{dMma Vmo H$[admohr naV ho. Vhm ^mJdV_| naXmofXeZH$s qZXm-""JwUXmof{eXm}f
JwUVy^`d{OV'' (^mJ.11&19&45) `m dMZ_| H$s{Z ho. AWmV namòHo$
JwUXmofZH$mo XoIZmo gmo Vmo Xmof ho A gmMmo JwU Vmo naH$s` JwUXmofZH$m| Z
Xo{Idmohr ho. `mH$mo H$hm g_mYmZ?
Vhm `h OmZZmo Omo JwUXmofHo$ {dMma {~Zm ha H$moCH$mo g H$[adoVo, Omo
Xmof AnZo_| Z hm|` doh, gXmofHo$ H$maU AnZo ^rVa H$Q> hmo` gH$V h|. VmV|
lr_hm^w Vmo ~g~YXrjm bo`do_|h-""H$Ugodmna dr` X^m{Xa{hV Za
lr^mJdVVdk ÔopOkmgwamXamV'' (g.{Z.227) `m dMZ_| Jwh Ho$ narjUH$s
Amkm H$aV h|; Vhm gm_m` ^JdXr`ZHo$ narjU_| XmofH$mo H$hm {dMma?
Vmgyhr {ejmn_| lrh[aamÒr Amkm H$aV h|:
`mo dX``Wmdm`_ AmMm` d MZmX OZ&
g g { Vo a H$mo
dm{n
Vgmo
Xw >g_&&
`M H $ Uo aqV {Z` ~mo Y ```mo O Zm_ &
{Zano j
gmpdH$M
Vg
gmYw g _&&
Ed {ZpM` gd} f w drò dò f w dm nw Z &
_hHw $ bgy V o f w
H$V `
g{ZU ` &&
AWmV lr_XmMm`MaUZHo$ dMZZgy Omo H$moC A`Wm dMZ CMmaV
hmo` AWdm ggmamgpV ~T>m`dodmar ~mV H$aVmo hmo` Vmo Ego OZHo$ gH$m|
nMbmoH$s
431
Xw>g H$[a OmZZmo. Omo H$moC d` gmpdH$ hmo` A {ZH$m_={Z`moOZ

H$Ua{VH$mo CnXoe d` {Zanoj hmo`Ho$ H$aV hmo`, VmH$mo g gmYwg=gg
H$[a Om{Zò. `m ~mVH$mo {ZYma _Z_| T> am{IHo$ AmnwZo gJo-g~YrZH$mo
AWdm A` H$moCZH$mo AWdm AmMm`Hw$bHo$ ~mbH$ZH$mo ^r g H$[adoVo nyd
g~{hZH$mo narjU H$aZmo Amd`H$ ho. Vhm e>m hmoV h| Omo ^mJdVHo$ dMZH$s
H$hm J{V Om{Zò? Vhm `h g_mYmZ OmZZmo Omo CH$Q> dam`Ho$ gmYH$H$m|
b`_| am{IHo$ {X`mo J`mo ò CnXoe ho. d_mJ_| $j dam`H$s Vmo H$Nw> _hmm
Zmqh gmo H$mhoVo? Omo Egmo dam` H$hm H$m_H$mo OmVo OrdHo$ ^rVa ^pV T>
Z hmoB! VmV| ^mJdVH$mo dMZ `hm ~mYH$ Zmqh. VmV|hr lr_hm^w Amkm H$aV
h| Omo ""A{Ib OJV_| gX~w{ am{IHo$ VmH$mo godZ gnwf Vmo H$aV Zmqh. gmo
H$mhoVo? Omo H$h-H$h ^m{Vh Ho$ H$maU Ag{f`_| gw{ hmo` OmV ho. VmV|
g_PXma Vmo H$UH$m|hr ÔV h|''(doXVw{Vgw~mo.23) Vmgm| Oogo Ag{f`_|
^m{Vde gX~w{ hmo` gH$V ho Vogohr Agnwf_|h gnwf hmo`doH$s ~w{
^m{Vde hmo` gH$V ho. Vmgm| g H$[ado_| gXgX{ddoH$ A`md`H$ ho.
^JdmZh JrVm(2&62-64)_| Amkm H$aV h| Omo gHo$ H$maU OrdHo$
^rVa H$m_Zm H$Q> hmoV ho. H$m_ZmHo$ H$maU H$moY, VmV| g_moh, VmV| _{V{d^_,
VmV| ~w{Zme; A ~w{Zme ^òVo XwJ{VH$m| nmB Zme hmoV ho. VmV| g_|
gmdYm{Z Vmo Amd`H$ hohr. VmV|hr lr_hm^w ^pVd{YZr JW_| Amkm H$aV
h| Omo ^JdgodmnamÙ ^JdXr`ZH$moh g Egr MmVwargm| H$aZmo Omo BVZmo
g_rnh {VZHo$ Z OmZmo Omo CZHo$ H$Ny>H$ XmofZH$mo aJ d`H$mo b{J Omdo; A
BVZmo Xyah {VZVo Z ahZmo Omo CZHo$ ^pV^mdH$moh aJ d`H$m| Z b{J nmdo!
`mVohr ObôX-nMnm{Z JWZ_| ^JdXJUw JmZHo$ H$sVZ qH$dm ldU H$[adodmao
Ho$go dVm AWdm Ho$go lmoVm Ho$ gH$mo H$hm-Ho$gmo d$n ho gmo CnXoe XrZmo
ho. Vhm {dmmW/d`W ^Jdgodm qH$dm ^JdH$Wm H$[adodmaoZHo$ _wIVo
^JdZm_ldU qH$dm ^JdH$WmldU H$~h nmdZH$mar hmoV Zmqh, Vmgm| Ego
CnXoeH$ZHo$ AWdm H$WmH$maZHo$ gH$m| Agghr OmZZmo.
`hm e>m hmoV ho Omo Om gg_| BVZr gmdYm{Z amIZr nao Vm ggHo$
H$aVo Vmo H$moCH$mo g Z H$[admohr lo`H$a `m| Zht _mZV hmo? Vhm ò g_mYmZ
nMbmoH$s
432
OmZo Omo gw~mo{YZr(10&3&37)Ho$-""gg A ^mJdV Omo h| gmo Vmo ^JdmZH$o

Am{Y^m{VH$ MaUmaqdX h|, kmZ A ^pV Am`mp_H$ MaUmaqdX; VogoB
H$nm H$[aHo$ H$Q> XeZ XoV d$nHo$ MaUmaqdXZH$m| Am{YX{dH$ OmZZo'' `m
dMZH$mo Ame` {dMmaoVo gg Omo ho gmo Vmo ^JdmZH$mohr Am{Y^m{VH$ MaU
ho. VmV| ^d^`hmar A^r>H$mar VrWmnX A ^dgmJaVo Vm[adodmao Am{YX{dH$
MaUmaqdXZHo$ g_mZ _mhmèmbr ggh H$m| Om{Zò. VmV| ~mYH$ XwgHo$
~mao_| gmdYm{Z am{IdoHo$ CnXoeH$mo A{^m` gd{dY gZHo$ `mJ H$[adoH$mo
Z Om{Zò; naVw AggH$s ^pV_mJ_| ~mYH$VmHo$ d$nH$mo CnXoe Xo`doH$mohr
Om{Zò.
Vhm e>m CR>V ho Omo gdH$m_ _mojH$m_ AH$m_ qH$dm ^JdH$m_ g~{h
H$maHo$ Ord ^JdXÔZ H$[adoHo$ Vmo A{YH$mar h|. VmV|hr ^JdmZh H$hV h|
Omo ""Z _`mdo{eV{Y`m H$m_ H$m_m` H$nVo, ^{OVm d{WVm YmZm
m`mo ~rOm` Zo`Vo'' (^mJ.10-22-26) Oogo ^y`mo Ho$ C~m`mo YmZ
~rO ~{ZHo$ nwZ C{J gH$V Zmqh, VogoB ^JdX{df`H$ H$m_Vo H$moYm{XH$s H$moC
XwdmgZm AH$w [aV hmoV Zmqh. ^JdMaUmaqdXH$mo g ^JdH$m_H$mo Vmo CX~moYH$
hmo` gH$V ho; naVw ^JdH$m_Vo A` H$mh H$maH$s XwdmgZm H$Q> hmoV
Zmqh. gmo ggh ^JdmZH$mo Am{Y^m{VH$ MaU$n hmo`doVo ^JdH$m_H$mo Vmo
CX~moYZ H$[a gH$V ho; naVw VmH$[a A` H$moC XwdmgZm H$Q> hmoV Zmqh. VmV|
ggH$mo gamoJH$s Amf{Y="ôfO' OmZZmo. AVEd g H$[adoVo nyd gXgXH$mo
{ddoH$ Amd`H$ hmoV ho, Oogo {ZXmZ A {M{H$gm V| nyd gmMo {M{H$gH$H$s
ImoO. A`Wm D$na OVmò XwJwUdmao _Zw`ZHo$ Xwg nmBHo$ gH$b XwdmgZm
X`_| ^[a Om`doVo Ordm_mH$mo {dZme Ywd ho. Vmgm| ggH$s Amd`H$VmH$m|
Xo{IHo$ lr_hm^w Amkm H$aV h|:""~mYg^mdZm`m Vw ZH$mVo dmg B`Vo,
h[aVw gdVmo ajm H$[a`{V Z ge`''(^.d.10)
Ego ""^dmndJm} ^_Vmo `Xm ^doOZ` V`wV gg_mJ_,
gg_mo `{h VX d gX J Vm namdao e o d{` Om`Vo
_{V''(^mJ.10&51&54) dMZ_| {Z${nV ggHo$ _mhm`H$mo CnXoe
^`mo. Vmgm| `h OVm`mo Omo ^Jdgodm-H$WmH$sVZ_aUH$s `mB ggh
^Jdn[aM`m-ldUmam {MmH$m| ^JdXoH$VmZ H$[adoH$mo EH$ Cnm` ho&&2&&
nMbmoH$s
433
Ego ""Jh gdm_Zm `m`'' Aegm| {Z${nV `m` JhHo$ d$nHo$

{dMmaV| ^VHo$ H$V`$n ggH$mo CnXoe Xo`Ho$ VmHo$ {dH$n$n ""H$UmW
V`wOrV''Aegy {Z${nV njH$mo CnXoe A~ AmJoH$s H$m[aH$m_| XoV h|. Vhm
e>m hmoV ho Omo "{dH$n' `m| H$hV hmo? H$hm Jh`mJnydH$ gg A
JhpW{VnydH$ ^Jdgodm BZ XmoZm| H$nZ_|Vo Om OrdH$m| Omo Mo gmo H$aZmo
Egmo Ame` "{dH$n'H$mo Om{Zò; AWdm ^Jdgodm Ka_| ~{Z Amdo Vmo
JhpW{V AWdm Z ~{Z Amdo Vmo ~rO^mdHo$ T> ^ò nmN>o Jh`mJ, Ego BZ
XmoZm| AdWmZ_| A{YH$ma{ddoH$ am{IHo$ JhpW{V qH$dm Jh`mJ H$mohr Ho$db
{dH$n ho. Vhm {Okmgm hmoV ho Omo `m_| AVa H$hm n`m}? Vhm g_mYmZ `h
Om{Zò Omo W_ H$n_| Vmo ^JdXr`ZHo$ gmW gg H$amo Ho$ ^Jdgodm H$amo
Vm_| H$Nw> A{YH$maVmaV` Ho$ \$bVmaV` {g Z hmo`Jmo. {Vr` H$n_|
^JdgodmH$s _w`Vm am{IHo$ VXZwHy$b Ka_| pW{V AWdm V{VHy$b KaHo$
`mJH$mo CnXoe drH$madono:JhpW{VnydH$ ^Jdgodm _w` H$n {g hmoV
ho; A Jh`mJnydH$ gg JmU H$n AWmV AZwH$n. BZ_| H$mZ gmo
Ame` m_m{UH$ Om{Zò?
Vhm nydnj_| `h H$mo OmV ho Omo (1)^pVd{YZr_| ""godm`m dm
H$Wm`m dm'' H$mo ho Vm hoVwV|, (2)ggH$m| ^JdMaUmaqdXHo$ Vw`
_m`mo ho Vm hoVwV|, (3)""rUm rg{JZm g `dm XyaV Am_dmZ,
jo_o {d{dV AmgrZpMVòX _m_VpV, Z VWm` ^doboemo
~YMm`gV
`mo { fgmX
`Wm
nw g mo
`Wm
Vg{JgV''(^mJ.11&14&29-30) dMZHo$ A{^m` {dMmaoVho d$nV
JhH$m| Vmo gdWm ho`hr _m`mo ho Vm hoVwV|; VogoB (4)""Z amoY`{V _m
`mJmo...`WmdYo ggmo gdgmnhmo {h _m ggoZ {h XVo`m...~hdmo
_nX mVm...Vo ZmYrVlw{VJUm Zmonm{gV_hm_m AdVmVVVng
ggmX _m_wnmJVm'' (^mJ.11&12&1-7) dMZHo$ {d_e {H$òVoh
^Jdgodm A ^JdXr`g Ho$ ~rM H$moC VmaV` bJV Zmqh.
`hm Cmanj `m| H$mo OmV ho Omo (1)""godm`m dm H$Wm`m dm'' dMZ_|
nMbmoH$s
434
^JdgodmH$WmH$mo g_wM` Cm_nj _m`mo OmV ho A ^Jdgodm AWdm

^JdH$Wm _| Vo H$moC EH$H$mo Adb~Z _`_nj. Vhmh BVZmo Vmo Ad` T>
H$[a X`_| amIZmo Omo godm-H$WmH$mo Adb~Z dJh_| e` hmo` VmV| Cm_
H$hm hmo` gHo$? naVw Omo e` Z hmo` Vmo ^JdH$WmW Ka_| ahV AWdm Ka_|
^Jdgodm Z hmo`dono ~rO^mdHo$ T> ^òVo KaH$mo `mJ H$[aHo$h ^JdXr`ZHo$
g ^JdH$WmHo$ Adb~ZH$mo CnXoe ho. (2)d_mJu` godm{gmVHo$ AZwgma
go` d$n ^JdmZH$mo OS> VrH$ Zmqh gmo `m|? Omo ~dmXHo$ AZwgma
gmjmV d$nhr _m`mo OmV ho. VmV| {ZOgo` d$nHo$ MaUmaqdXZH$mo Vmo
Am{YX{dH$ Om{ZHo$ T>ml` amIZmo. ggH$m| lr_hm^w Am{Y^m{VH$ MaUHo$
$n_| ~aZo h|. (3)JhpWV nwfHo$ H$mO rg; CnbjUV`m rHo$ H$mO
nwfg H$mo Xmof _hmZ ~mYH$ Vmo _m`mo J`mo ho naVw `Wm^md H$moC Cm_m{YH$mar
^Jgodm_| gh`moJrHo$ ^mdgm|, Vmo H$moC _`_m{YH$mar {dJgmYZ_| gh`moJrHo$
^mdgm|, Vmo H$moC AY_m{YH$mar H$m_mon^moJ_| gh`moJrHo$ ^mdgm|; Vmo H$moC
AY_mY_m{YH$mar Ho$db YZbmobwn hmo`Ho$ nana rg AWdm nwfg Ka_|
H$aV h| . Vmgm| rnw fgH$s qZXm ""gmg O m`Vo H$m_
H$m_mH$moYmo@{Ôm`Vo, H$moYmd{V g_moh...''dMZHo$ AZwgYmZ_| H$hr
~mV ho A`Wm Zht. Vmgm|hr ^mJdV_| H$mo ho Omo ""VmdX amJmX`
Vo Z mVmdH$mamJ h J h , Vmd_mo h m| @ {K { ZJS> m o `mdH $ U Z Vo
OZm''(^mJ.10&14&36) VmV| ^JdgodmnamÙ ^JdXr`H$s JhpW{VH$m|
lr_hm^w {Z~Y_| ""_wpVV|h Cm_'' H$hr ~ImZV h|. gmo Am{YX{dH$
gmjmV ^yZHo$ MaUmaqdXZH$m| T>ml` am{IdodmaoZHo$ H$mO JhHo$ d$nVmo ho`
hmo ` do H $mo CnXo e Z OmZZmo . A`Wm ""emdm H$am Zmo Hw $ V
gn`m_''(^mJ.2&3&21) dMZ_| ^Jdgodma{hV hmWZH$m| edhV Oogo
An{d {JZmò h|. VmV| Oogo Jh`mJH$mo ~ImZ H$aV hmo Vogo `moJm{X Cnm`ZV|
Xoh`mJHo$h ~ImZ `m| Zmqh H$aV? VmV| H$hm {g hmoV ho? Vhm `h OmZo
Omo Oogo JohH$mo Vogohr XohH$moh d$n ho`hr H$mo ho. Vmgm| ho` hmodoVo Oogo
Jh`mJ H$[aHo$ ggH$m| YmdV hmo Vogo Xohgm| gm` ggH$m|h N>m{S>Ho$
AZeZm{X H$R>moa dVmam _wpV nm`do H$mhoH$m| Z YmdZm|? Omo H$hmo Ho$ _wpVV|
^pVH$m| lo> _mZr ho; Vmo ggV| Vmo Ho$db ldUop`-AVH$aUOrdm_m_|hr ^pV H$Q> hmoV ho-Vhm ^JdgodmHo$ H$maU Vmo Xoh Bp` mU
AVH$aU Am_m VWm gH$b Am_r` nXmWZ_| ^JdgdemV ^JdH$m_
nMbmoH$s
435
CX~w hmo` gH$V ho, `mVo lo> H$hm? (4) VogoB ^mJdV-EH$mXeH$YHo$
""Z amoY`{V...'' dMZ_| ggH$s lo> gmYZVmH$mo {Z$nU {H$`mo ho lo>
\$b$nVm qH$dm B> V m H$mo Zmqh. nw { > O rdHo $ H$mO gmMmo \$b Vmo
^Jdd$ngo d Zhr _m`mo ho :""^JdX $ngo d mW Vg { > Zm`Wm
^doV''(nw.._.12). Vmgm| nydnj Xmof`wV ho. Ego Omo ^Jdgodm A gg
Ho$ ~rM {dH$n _mZV h|; AWdm Jh`mJH$mo AZwH$n ^JdgodmH$mo _mZV h|
gmo Vmo gdWm _ybdMZZ_| AZ{ôV Ame` ho. Vmgm| `hm {ZH$f `h
Om{Zò:JhpW{VnydH$ ^Jdgodm$n _w`H$nH$mo AZwH$nhr Jh`mJnydH$
gg ho; AWdm `dpWV {dH$n OmZZmo. gmo H$hm? Vhm H$hV h| Omo
^Jdgodm {ZOJh_| e` hmo` Vmo gmo Cm_ A ^Jdgodm e` Z hmo` Vmo
~rO^mdHo$ T> ^ò nmN>o Jh`mJnydH$ ggh Cm_. gmo Ego ggH$mo
{Z$nU Vmo ^`mo; A~ JhpW{VnydH$ ^JdgodmH$mo CnXoe AWmV ""H$UmW
V`wOrV H$U ggma_moMH$''Aegy {Z${nV njH$mo CnXoe H$aV h|:
AZw H y $ bo H$bmXm {dUmo : H$m`m { U H$maò V &&
CXmgrZo d` Hw $ `m V {VHy $ bo J h Òo V &&3&&
V`mJo Xy f U ZmpV `V: H $ U~{h_w I m:&&
H$bmXm=npZ Am{X
AZwHy$bo=AZwHy$b hm|`(g{V)
{dUmo={dUw g~pY
H$m`m{U=H$m`
H$maòV=H$amdZo
CXmgrZo=CXmgrZ hm|`(g{V)
d`=IwX (Hw$`mV=H$ao);
{VHy$bo={VHy$b hm|` (g{V=Vmo)

Jh=KaHw$, ÒoV=N>moS>o
V`mJo={dZH$mo `mJ H$[ado_|
XyfU=Xmof/AnamY
Z ApV=Zmht ho
`V=`m| (Vo H$bmX`)
H$U~{h_wIm=H$Ugy ~{h_wI h|
^mdmW : nZr-~h-~hoZ-~oQ>r nw-{nVm-^mB Am{X ~Yw~mYd VogoB

ZmoH$a-MmH$a Am{X Ka_| a{hdodmao Oo H$moC bmoJ ^JdgodmZwHy$b hm|` Vmo
nMbmoH$s
436
{VZgm| {dUwH$m`=^Jdgodm-n[aM`m H$amdZr. {VZ_| Omo H$moC CXmgrZ hmo`

Vmo VmH$m| ^JdgodmW H$moC H$m` Z gm|nZmo, d`hr H$[a boZmo. {VZno d` H$Nw>
H$amdV Z hmo` VmoC ^JdgodmH$mo {damoY H$[a Oo H$moC {V~Y S>maV hm|`
{VZH$mo n[a`mJ H$aZmo. Egmo H$aV Omo H$Ny>H$ Xmof bJo Vmo H$hm H$aZmo? Vhm
Amkm H$aV h| Omo ^yZVo ~{h_wI OrdZH$mo n[a`mJ H$[ado_| H$mh H$maH$mo
emr` AnamY hmoV Zmqh&&3&&
Q>rH$m : `hm e>m CR>V ho Omo Ka-n[admaHo$ bmoJ ^JdgodmZwHy$b h| qH$dm
Zht VmH$mo kmZ Ho$go nmBò? Vhm `h g_mYmZ Om{Zò Omo gd{ZU` {Z~Y_|
lr_hm^w H$hV h|:{djo n mX AWdm@e`m {V~YmX{n d{MV &&
A`mJ h do e o
dm
nanrS>m{Xg^do &&
JhWmZm_{n nyOm`m nMXmofg^do...{djonm{X{V, dVd{ma{hVm{Z
Bp`m{U ~bmX ^Jd{V `mo`_mZm{Z {djon OZ`pV {dJhH${eVm{Z. Oa`m
`m{Y{^dm `Xm e`^mdmo, bmoH$m dm {V~Y Hw$dpV, d` dm na_
AmJh CnVo òZ V_{g {d>mo ^JdV Z _a{V, bmoH$mZm dm nrS>m Hw$`mV;
V nyOm `V`m. VXm A`m{n VWmdo naXoeo ey`Xodmbò nyOm {dYo`m.
Vm{n Xmo f g^do . ..VXm ` d Jdm go d m g n `Vo V d go d m
H$V`m(g.{Z.H$m..247).
H$Ny>H$ nmIS>r bmoJ `hm AH$mS>VmS>d H$aV h| Omo `m bmoH$_|- AZwHy$b

Oo nZr Am{XV| ^Jdgodm H$am` bodoH$s Ny>Q> lr_hm^yZZo Xr{Z ho, VmV| `h
{g hmoV ho Omo n{V AWdm {nVm Ho$ {dmH$m| bo`Ho$ nZr AWdm nw AmnAmnwZo VZwZV|=XohZV| ^Jdgodm H$aV hm|`, Vm_| {gmV_wVmdbrH$s
"VZw{dmOgodm'H$s AmkmH$mo boe_m ~mY hmoV Zmqh. Vmgm| H$hm {g ^`mo?
Omo Oogo n{VH$s {dmOmV| nZrH$s VZwOm godm_| {gmV~mY Zmqh; Vogohr
dUdZH$s {dmOmV| Jmodm{_~mbH$ZH$s VZwOm godm_|h H$moC {gmV~mY
_mZZmo Zmqh. Vhm `h OmZZmo Omo n{VnZr AWdm {nVmnwm{X _| Kagn{mH$mo
{d^mOZ Omo ^`mo Z hmo` V~ Vmo Omo KaH$s gn{m hmo` Vhm g~ZH$mo A{d^V
dd ahV ho. Vmgm| n{V qH$dm {nVm Ho$ `V| nZr qH$dm gVVr ^Jdgodm
H$aV hm|` Vm_| boZ-XoZH$mo `dhma ^`mo _m`mo OmV Zmqh. A~ H$moC dUd
A Jmodm{_~mbH$ H$sh gn{m nana A{d^V hmo` Vmo V~ Vmo EH$XyOoV|
`H$m| bo`Ho$ ^Jdgodm H$ado_| boZ-XoZH$mo `dhma ^`mo Z Om{Zò naVw gmo
Z hmo` Vmo boZ-XoZH$mo `dhma _m{Zdmo naV ho. Vhm ^JdgodmW na`
bo`doV| VZw{dmOm godmH$mo d$n{dKmV A godmHo$ nMmV godmon^wV gm_JrH$m|
AnZo Cn^moJmW bo`dono XodbH$VmH$mo _hmnm{V`H$mar Xmofh b{J OmV ho.
BZ {djon AepV {V~Y A`mJhdoe A nanrS>m $n nmM XmofZH$s

`m`m JW_|Vohr Xo{I boZr. gmo {OZ_| ò nmM Xmof Z hm|` {VZH$mo ^JdgodmW
AZwHy$b OmZZmo. ò Xmofh Z hm|` A {Mh H$Q> Z H$aV hm|` Vmo {VZH$m|
CXmgrZ OmZZmo. A ^Jdgodm_| Oo ~mYH$ hm|` {VZH$m| Vmo `mJhr H$aZmo.
naVw H$mhVo gmoh Z ~{Z Amdo Vmo VmH$m| Vmo Amnwhr A` H$h Om` ~gZmo.
gmo H$mhoVo? Omo ^Jdgodm_| ~mYH$ hmo` VmH$m| dUd Z Om{Zò A Omo
dUdY_H$mo {damoY H$aV hmo` VmHo$ gH$m| Vmo Xwghr OmZZmo.
Xygao H$Ny>H$ nmIS>r bmoJ Egmoh {dYmZ H$aV h| Omo ~g~Y bo`
bodoHo$ nMmV AhVm-__Vm Vmo amIZr C{MV Zmqh, VmV| H$hm Vmo
Jmodm{_~mbH$ZH$mo YZ A H$hm dUdZH$mo YZ!gmo H$mhoVo Omo-^yZH$mo
g_{nV g~ H$Ny> ^yZH$mohr hmo` OmV ho, VmV| Ohm AnZo-namòH$s ôX{>hr
amIZr `mo` Zmqh Vhm na`V| godm Z H$[adoH$s ~mVH$mo AW H$hm? Ego
nmIS>dMZHo$ {ZagZmW Ego nyN>Zmo Omo Ho$db `Ho$ ~mao_|hr AhVm-__Vm
`m{J XodoH$s H$hV hmo qH$dm g~hr {df`Z_|? Omo H$hmo Ho$ g~hr {df`Z_|
AhVm-__Vm `mJ Xr{Z, Vmo nan{V-nanZrH$moh ôX^md ^wbm` XrZmo
H$hm? Omo H$moC "hm' H$ho Vmo H$hm Jmodm{_~mbH$ZH$s ~hOr-~oQ>rOr dUdHo$
Ka Om` gHo$ A dUdH$s ~h~oQ>r Jmodm{_~mbH$Ho$ Ka a{h gHo$? Omo Egr
~mV H$[ado_|h H$moC Xmof _mZo Vmo {g ^`mo Om{Zò Omo AhVm-__Vm gdWm
Vmo {_Q>r Zmqh. Vmgm| O~ A` {df`_| {_Q>r Zmqh, V~ ^Jdgodm$n dY_H$m|
nMbmoH$s
nMbmoH$s
437
438
`bmbgmH$s Xwd{mHo$ H$maU AmOr{dH$m Z ~ZmZmo hmo` Vmo, AhVm-__VmHo$

Z am{IdoHo$ ~hmZo ~Zm`doV| bm^ H$hm? VmV| {gmV_wVmdbr VWm nMbmoH$s
Ho$ XmoC dMZZH$s EH$dm`VmH$mo {dMma {H$òV| {ZOn[admaHo$ nZr-nw^mB-^moOmB JhXmg B`m{XH$ZVo ^Jdgodm H$am` bodoV| VZw{dmOm godmHo$
d$nH$mo {dKmV hmoV Zmqh; A {OZHo$ gmW gn{m qH$dm Myhm H$m| A{d^V
Z am{IHo$ ôX^md am{Ido_| AmdV ho, {VZHo$ VZwV| AWdm {dmV| ^Jdgodm
H$am`doVo VZw{dmOmHo$ {Z`_H$mo CbKZ hmoV ho.
gw~mo{YZr(3&1&2)Ho$ ""JhpWVo CH$>d Z ^JdXr`d_moU {H$Vw
^JdVm gh pW`m ^JdH$m`mW dm; A`Wm Z WmV`_ B{V pW{V''
dMZHo$ AZwgma JhpW{VHo$ njH$mo Adb~Z H$[adodmao Am_{ZdoXr A{YH$marZH$mo
dm_mH$mo VWm gH$b dm_r` nXmWZH$mo ^Jdgodm_| g_nU-{d{Z`moJ
H$[adoH$mo CnXoe ^`mo&&3&&
^mJdV(11&2&42)Ho$
^pV nao e mZw ^ dmo {dapVa` M f {H$ EH$H$mb&
n_mZ` `WmZV `w: Vw{> nw{> jwXnm`mo@ZwKmg_&&
-dMZHo$ AZwgma eaUmJ{VV| ^pV naoemZw^d A {dapV `m| VrZm|hr
{_br gH$V h|, VmV| A~ ^pV_mJ_| Omo Ord doe`mo` h| {VZHo$ H$mO; qH$dm
dV_mZ O__| AWdm AdWm_| `mo` Z hm|` Vmoh, ^JdV-eaUmJ{VHo$
H$maU, dV_mZ OZ__| AWdm AmJm_r OZ__|h ^w^pVHo$ Omo A{YH$mar ~{Z
nmd|Jo {VZHo$ H$mO eaUmJ{VHo$ AZH$mo CnXoe H$[adoH$m| S>oT> H$m[aH$m H$hV
h|.
Vhm H$Ny>H$ Z hmoV h| Omo BZ S>oT> H$m[aH$mH$s eXmdbrH$mo nmMamHo$
b_rVHo$ gVXem`m`_| {Z${nV fS>J Cnm`$n n{mHo$ dUZV| gm`
H$Q> ho; gmo H$hm C^` EH$hr {df` ho qH$dm nWH$-nWH$? fmoS>eJWHo$
{ddoH$Y`ml`_|h Aml`H$mo CnXoe ho; gmo ò CnXoe A Vhm {H$`mo CnXoe
EH$hr h| qH$dm nWH$-nWH$? VogoB am_mZwO gXm`_|h ^pVV| `mamo EH$
nMbmoH$s
439
Cnm` n{mH$m| _m`mo ho. gmo Vm {Z$nU_| d$nmZwnn{m, bjUmZwnn{m,

AZw>mZmZwnn{m, {d`Zwnn{m, {ZfoYmZwnn{m, ôXmZwnn{m, e`dmZwnn{m,
{gdmZwnn{m, gXm`m{ddmZwnn{m Egr Zd{dY AZwnn{mZH$mo n[ahmah
{H$`mo ho; gmo nw{>_maJ_| _m` amIZmo Ho$ Zmqh? A Omo _m` Z hm|` Vmo do
gJar AZwnn{m lr_hm^yZHo$ CnXoe_|h gV hm|` Vmo {VZH$mo n[ahma H$hm?
(nw { > n{m_mJ _ | eaUmJ{VH$s N> h ar{VZ H $mo Cno X o e )
AZw H y $ b` g>n 1 {VHy $ b` dO Z _ 2 &&4&&
H$[a`Vr{V {ddmgmo 3 ^V do daU 4 VWm&&
Am_Z d o H$mn ò 5-6 fS > {dYm eaUmJ{V&&5&&
AZwHy$b`=AZwHy$b ~{ZdoH$mo
g>n={ZM`
{VHy$b`={VHy$bH$mo
dOZ_=`mJ
H$[a`{V=H$a|Jo
B{V=Egmo
{ddmgmo=âmogmo
^Vdo=dm[_ Ho$ $n_o

daU=drH$ma
VWm=A
Am_ZdoH$mnò=Am_{ZdoXZ
VWm XrZVm
fS>{dYm=N>o H$maH$s
eaUmJ{V=eaUmJ{V
^mdmW : ^yZHo$ AZwHy$b ~{ZdoH$mo g>n, ^yZHo$ {VHy$bH$mo `mJ, ^w

g~ H$Nw> AnZr BN>mZwgma H$a|Jo Egmo âmogmo, dm{_Ho$ $n_| ^yZH$mo drH$ma,
Am_{ZdoXZ VWm XrZVm Eg| eaUmJ{VHo$ N>o H$ma hmoV h|.
Q>rH$m:"{ddoH$Y`ml`'_| Aml`H$s gmYZm_| {ddoH$ A Y` Ho$ ~mX
Aml`^mdH$s _mZ{gH$-dm{MH$ ^mdZm, A`ml`H$mo n[a`mJ, T>{ddmg;
VWm, eaU^mdZm X`_| T> am{IHo$ Omo H$Nw> ghO_| mV hmo` VmH$mo {Z__
godZ H$aZmo Eogo Mma Am{JH$ Cnm`ZH$s AZw>o`VmH$mo CnXoe XrZmo. {VZ
Cnm`ZH$mo A~ `m JW_| Cn{X> BZ N>h Cnm`ZHo$ gmW H$hm-H$gmo g~Y
nMbmoH$s
440
OmZZmo? H$hm do A ò Cnm` EH$ hr VahHo$ Cnm`ZHo$ Zm_ôXgm| CnXoe h|?

Omo hm H$hmo Vmo nwZpVH$mo Xmof hmo`. AWdm Omo XmoC {^Z-{^Z ar{VZHo$
Cnm` hm|` Vmo BZH$mo A {dZH$mo g_wM` OmZZmo Ho$ {dH$n OmZZmo? Omo
g_wM` _mZ| Vmo "{ddoH$Y`ml`'_| Cnm`monXoeH$s `yZVmH$mo Xmof Amdo. Omo
{dH$n _mZ| Vmo Ogo "A`ml``mJ' A "^V ddaU' Vgo hr "A{ddmg`mJ'
A "{ddmg-am{Ido' _| EH$ gr ~mVZH$mo {d{Y_wI A {ZfoY_wI gm| CnXoe
{_b amo hmo`dogy {dH$n H$go g^do? BZ Ame>mZHo$ g_mYmZmW A~ BZ
XmoC "{ddoH$Y`ml`' A `m "nMbmoH$s' JWZ_| mV hmoVo CnXoeZHo$ ~rM
nana gm`-gmYH$^md Om{Z bodmo Amd`H$ h.
Vhm H$hV h| Omo "H$Uml`'Vmo_| ""{ddoH$Y`^`m{Xa{hV`
{deofV, nmnmgV` XrZ` H$UEd J{V__'' H$mo ho gmo {ddoH$ h
O~ {Z^Vmo Z hmo`, Vmo Y`H$s Vmo ~mV H$hm! Vhmh ^JdXml` Z N>moS>Zm| Eogo
Vmo H$mo hr ho. Vgo hr {ddoH$Y`ml`_|h `h Amkm Xr{Z ho Omo ""Aeò
h[aaod ApV gd_ Aml`Vmo ^doV'' Vmgm| `hm A~ dm gdgmYH$
^JdXml`H$s {g{Ho$ Cnm`ZH$mo CnXoe _hm^w `m JW_| Xodmo MmhV h|. Vmgm|
BZ Cnm`ZHo$ AZwgaoVo ^JdmXml` {g hmoV ho. Vm H$[a Aml`Ho$ d$nKQ>H$
Mm`m] : 1Aml`^mdH$s _mZ{gH$-dm{MH$ ^mdZm, 2A`ml`H$mo n[a`mJ,
3
T>{ddmg; VWm, 4eaU^mdZm X`_| T> am{IHo$ Omo H$Nw> ghO_| mV hmo`
VmH$mo {Z__ godZ H$aZmo, Eogo ^dJXml`Ho$ Mm`m] Am{JH$ Cnm`h AmMm`MaUH$s
H$nmV| {g hmo` Om`|Jo Eogo OmZZmo.
^JdXJrVm_| Omo ""gdY_mZ n[a`` _m_ EH$ eaU dO Ah dm
gdnmno`mo _moj{``m{_ _m ewM'' dMZV| ^JdmZZo eaUmJ{VH$mo CnXoe
XrZm| gmo Vmo _mojn`dgm{`Zr eaUmJ{V ho. Vmgm| `hm _`mXm_mJu` eaUmJ{VH$mo
CnXoe Om{Zò. lr_X^mJdVHo$ ""V_m_N>aU Jmo> _ZmW _n[aJh Jmonmò
dm_`moJoZ gmo@` _o dV Am{hV'' `m dMZ_| nw{>_mJu` eaUmJ{VH$mo
{Z$nU ho. Eogmo {Z$nU ~S>oZHo$ dMZ_| {_bV ho. VmH$mo A{^m` `h Omo
AOwZ VWm dO^V Xmo`m|ZH$m| A`ml` A Y_ml` {Zdm H$[aHo$ Amn d`
Y{_$ngm| ajH$ qH$dm Aml` ~Zo gmo eaUmJ{V Vmo C^` g_mZ$nm {g
nMbmoH$s
441
^B. AOwZH$s eaUmJ{V, naVw, d` lr_wIV| _mojn`dgm{`Zr OVmB.

dO^VZH$s, naVw, eaUmJ{VHo$ mam {VZH$s ^JdXmgpVH$mo ^JdX`gZ^md_|
{dH$mg ^`mo {>JV hmoV ho. Vmgm| dmo eaUmJ{V nw{>_mJu` {g ^B OmZZr.
lr_X^mJdVHo$ EH$mXeH$Y_|h ""V_mV d_ Cd! Cg` MmoXZm
{VMmoXZm dm M {Zdm M lmoV` lwV_od M _m_ EH$_od eaU_
Am_mZ gdXo{hZm `m{h gdm_^mdoZ _`m `m Hw$Vmo^`'' `m dMZ_|
gd{dY Cnm`mdb~ZH$mo n[a`mJ A Cno` Y{_$n gmjmV lr^yZHo$
Adb~ZH$mo CnXoe {_bV ho.
`hm "gdm_^md' nXgm| ^pVH$s `gZmomaXem_| {g hmo`dodmao
gdm_^mdH$mo eaUmJ{V_| gmYZ^md Z {dMmaZm|. `m| Omo
""^pV naoemZw^dmo {dapV A` Mf {H$ EH$H$mb
n_mZ` `Wm AZV `w nw{> Vw{> jwXnm`mo AZwKmg
B{V A`wVm{K ÔVmo AZwd`m ^pV {dapV ^Jd~moYmo
^dpV d ^mJdV` amOZ! VV nam empV_ Cn{V gmjmV''
-BZ dMZZ_| eaUmJ{VH$m| ^pVHo$ gmYZV`mh CnXoe {X`moho.
Vmgm| _mojgm{YH$m eaUmJ{V _`mXm_mJu` A ^pVgm{YH$m eaUmJ{VH$mo
nw{>_mJu` H$[a OmZZmo.
lram_mZwO gXm`Ho$ AZwgma Cnm`mZw>mZHo$ `Zgm| AmaY qH$dm
gm` Y_ml`$nm eaUmJ{VH$m| ""_H$Q>emdH$`m`H$s eaUmJ{V'' H$hV h|.
gmo H$mhoVo ? Omo _H$Q>emdH$ O~ AnZo `Zgm| AnZr _mVmHo$ CXagm| T>VmnydH $
{Mn{H$ ahV ho Vmo _mVmh VmH$m| Ohm D$MmB Ho$ Xy[a VmB dh ~mbH$ Hy${X Z
nm_| Vhm VmH$m| Hw$Xm` gH$V ho. VmV| _H$Q>emdH$H$m| d`Z H$[adoVo hr
_mVmH$m| T> Aml` \$br^yV hmoV ho. Cno``Z AWmV gmjmV ^yZHo$
nMbmoH$s
442
`Zgm| {g daXmZH$s `mB mV hm|dVr eaUmJ{VH$m| Y`ml`$nm eaUmJ{V

""_mOmaremdH$`m`H$s eaUmJ{V'' H$hV h|. gmo H$mhoVo? Omo _mOmar AnZo
{Zarh emdH$H$m| AnZo _yh_| XmVZgm| X~m{`Ho$ do XmV JaXZ_| JS>o h Zmqh A
EH$ N>namVo Xygao N>namno Hy$XVo g_` AnZmo ~mbH$ _yh_|Vo {Jah Zm nS>o, Eogr
gmdYm{Zgm| nH$[a amIV ho. Vgo hr H$~hH$ na_oda Xw>/XrZ OrdH$m| {ZOH$nmgm|
AnZr Va\$ I|{M boV h|. `m VahHo$ ôX AnZo gXm`_| h _m` h|. A
ewnw{> VWm {_lnw{> H$s eaUmJ{VHo$ {^Z-{^Z H$maZ_| {VZH$m| AV^md
hmoV ho.
^Jd`ZmaYm Y{_eaUmJ{V ^JdX^pV_| n`dgm{`Zr hmoV hmo` Vmo
VmH$m| ewnw{>$nm eaUmJ{V Om{Zò VWm _wpVn`dgm{`Zr hmoV hmo` Vmo VmH$m|
_`mXm$nm Om{Zò.
1.Ord`ZmaYm ^`Wm Y{_eaUmJ{V {_lnw{>_| _`mXmnw{>H$o OrdZH$m|
_mU~bgm| fS>{dY gmYH$ AJ ~Zr ^pVH$s gm{YH$m hmoV ho. 2.Ord`ZmaYm
^`J^yVm Y{_eaUmJ{V {_lnw{>_| dmhnw{>Ho$ OrdZH$m| fS>{dY gmYZ~bgm|
^pVH$mo H$aU ~{Z ^pV^md {Z^m`do_| ghm{`H$m ~ZV ho. 3.Ord`ZmaYm
^pV^mdHo$ AmZwf{JH$ \$bH$s `mB dV{g hm|dVr Y{_eaUmJ{V {_lnw{>_|
nw{>nw{>Ho$ OrdZH$m| \$b~bgm| CZH$s ^pVH$s Cm_VmH$mo fS>{dY qbJ ~ZV
ho.
Ogo ndVno ApZ d{bV ho Ho$ Zmqh gmo VahoQ>r_o R>mS>o nwfH$m| {XImB
naV Zmqh. Vmoh Vhm {eIano Yy_ CR>Vmo XrIV hmo` Vmo gmo Yy_ ApZHo$ Vhm
hmo`doH$mo qbJ ~{Z OmV ho. Eogo `m nMbmoH$s_| H$ho Jò N>hm| Cnm` H$hH$~hH$ AJ, Vmo A` H$aU; Vmo nwZ A` qbJ h ~ZV h|.
Vmgm| nyd_| {Z${nV ^Jd`ZmaYm Y{_eaUmJ{VH$mo ^JdX^pV_|
n`dgmZ hmo`dodmamo hmo` Vmo H$~hH$ _o`~bgm| {_lnw{>Ho$ AVJV _`mXmnw{>
AWdm dmhnw{> Ho$ OrdZH$m|h ^pVHo$ AZwH$nV`m fS>{dY AJ {g hm|dV
nMbmoH$s
443
ho. Vmgm| Ogo lr_X^mJdVHo$ nydm}V dMZ_| ""n_mZ` ^pV{g{''

{Z${nV H$s{Z Vgo Vmo Zqh naVw ""nmm Zr`_mZ` ^`ZwH$n{g{''
Ho$ $n_| ewnw{>$nm eaUmJ{V h H$~hH$ _o`~bgm| {g hmoV ho. Ogo
Mmamgr dUdZH$s dmVm_| A~mbmdmao ZmamÙXmgOrH$m| AmMm`MaUZZo H$hr
""Vmogm| d$ngodm Vmo {Z~hoJr Zmqh. namB MmH$ar H$aZr Ka_| H$moC godH$
Zmqh. VmV| hVmja {bI XoV hm|. gm_Jr Omo ~Z| gmo ^moJ Y[aHo$ _hmgmX
brOmo. V~ ~g~YH$mo JH$mo bmoH$ A>mja {b{IHo$ ZmamÙXmgHy$
{Xò... AnZmo MaUm_V XrZm| A "~mb~moY' JW H$[a nT>mò'' Vmgm| hr
gd{ZU`{Z~YHo$ H$me_|h Amn Amkm H$aV h| ""EVV gd `ZoZ JhW`
H$s{VV_ Aòfm g^domw `mX... "Jh-YZ_' B{V nydm{YH$ma`m^mdo
VVr` nj_ Amh... ~mm`mVaôXoZ $no ôX` _V ZmpZ MH$
VVoYm ^pV_mJm} {Z${nV. n{m_mJ_ Amh... EV_mJ` moV
J{VgmYZg`wV_'' Vmgm| ^pVHo$ AZwH$nV`mh n{m_mJ qH$dm
eaUmJ{V_mJ Cn{X> ^`mo ho . gmo Ord`ZmaYh hmo ` gHo $ A
^Jd`ZmaYh. W__| _mU A gmYZ Ho$ ~b gmYH$ ~ZV h| A
{Vr`_| _o`~b A \$b~b {g ^ò Om{Zò. gmo ZmamÙXmgH$m|
AmMm`MaUZZo AnZo _o`~bgm| ^pVHo$ AZwH$nV`m eaUmJ{Vmam \$bXmZH$mo
daXmZ H$sZm|. `h brbm AmnZo {_lnw{>Ho$ OrdZH$m| AmdV am{IdoH$m| H$Q>
H$s{Z. Vgo hr ewnw{>Ho$ OrdZH$m| h H$~hH$ ^pVHo$ {dH$nV`m ^JdmZ
gmjmV eaUmJ{VH$mo daXmZ H$aV h|. gmo Eogr eaUmJ{V _wpV_| n`d{gV Z
hmo` na d$nmgpV_| n`d{gV hmoV hmo` Vmo VmH$m| ewnw{>$nm eaUmJ{V
Om{Zò.
nyd_| CV EH$mXeH$YHo$ dMZ_| ""_m_ EH$_od eaU_ Am_mZ
gdXo{hZm `m{h gdm_^mdoZ'' dMZ_| Omo H$mo VmH$mo A{^m` eaUmJ{Vh
Bp`ZH$s {df`mgpV, _Z, ~w{, AhH$ma, {Mm A Am_m `m| fS>{dYm
hmo` Vmo VmH$m| gdm_Zm {g ^B Om{Zò. Vgo hr ^JdXJrVmHo$ ""Cn>m
AZw_Vm M ^Vm ^moVm _hoda na_m_m B{V Mm{n CVmo Xoho Ap_Z nwf
na'' dMZ_| ea` qH$dm Aml` $nr ^wHo$h N>h $n {XImò h|.
nMbmoH$s
444
1.Vhm "Cn>m' H$hoVo ^w gm{j^mdgm| g~ H$Nw> XoIV h| Eogo Om{Zò.

gmo H$mhoVo? Omo Ordm_m Vmo Cn^moJmW {OZ Bp`ZHo$ gXgX ew^mew^ VWm
gwIXwIX {df`ZH$m| gmjmV amJofmonojmH$s {>gm| XoIV ho {VZH$m| ^w Vmo
Cn>m hmo`Ho$ amJofmonojma{hV {>gm| {df`Xeu >mmam XoIV h|. Vmgm|
OrdHo$ Xmof ^yZgm| {N>n Zmqh gH$V h|. gmo ew X`^md am{IHo$ eaUmJV
Ord ^yZHo$ Cn>m hmo`doHo$ ^mdVo {VHy$b Z hm|` Eogr Vahgm| {df`mon^moJ
H$[adoH$s Bp`ZH$s {M ~Zmdo Vmo AmZwHy$`H$mo g>n {g ^`mo Om{Zò.
2."AZw_Vm' H$hoVo ^w OrdH$m| OrdH$s gXgXdmgZmZHo$ AZwgma gH$_
qH$dm AgH$_ Omo H$aZmo hmo` gmo H$[ado XoV h|, amoH$V-Q>moH$V Zmqh, AZw_{V
XoV h|. Vmgm| Ordm_mH$m| AnZo _ZHo$ AmYrZ hmo`Ho$ Z{h `wV AnZo _ZH$m|
^yZHo$ AmYrZ ~Zm{` am{IdoH$m| ^yZHo$ {VHy$b H$moC H$_ H$aZmo Zmqh. Eogmo
hmo` Vmo _ZH$mo g>n {g ^`mo Om{Zò.
3."^Vm' H$hoVo OrdH$mo H$V` ho Omo ~w{oaH$ ^yZH$mo ^VmHo$ $n_|
~w{nydH$ daU H$[aHo$ Vgmo hr ^md Vhm T> amIo. `mhrVo "{ddoH$Y`ml`'_|
{Z{f A`ml`h Ny>{Q> Om`Jmo. gmo H$mhoVo? Omo A`ml` {H$òVo ^V^md
IpS>V hmoV ho. H$moC gZmar AnZo ^VmHo$ {gdm` A` ZaHo$ H$mO Anojm~w{
amIV Zmqh. gmo ~w{mam ^yZH$m| ^Vm=n{V ~ZmZmo eaUmJ{VH$mo Vrgamo AJ
qH$dm qbJ ho.
4."^moVm' H$hoVo ^w OS>mOS> g^r {df`ZHo$ EH$_m ^moJ H$[adodmao h|.
Vmgm| hr _h{f ~mXamÙZo ""Amm MamMaJhUmV'' {dYmZ ~gy_| {H$`mo
ho. Vmgm| eaUmJV OrdH$mo H$V` ~ZV ho Omo H$mh dVw g~Y {H$`m AWdm
^md Ho$ Cn^moJ H$aV ^JdX^moJH$mo ^md H$[a VmHo$ ^JdgmX hmo`doH$mo ^md
{Mm_| am{IHo$ {VZH$mo Cn^moJ H$aZm|. Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo ^yZH$mo ^moJ Y[admo
Vmo ^pVgmYZm_| hr ~{Z Amdo n{m qH$dm eaUmJ{V H$s gmYZm_| gmo H$go
g^do? Vhm `h g_mYmZ OmZZmo Omo lrJmonrZmW ^wMaUZZo gmYZXr{nH$mHo$
""bYmZwJh_ AmMm`mV lrH$UeaU OZ...Ed gV{dYm ^pV
nZm{YH$Vm ^doV'' dMZZ_| eaUmJV OrdHo$ dof qbJ AmMma Am{XH$mo
nMbmoH$s
445
CnXoe H$[aHo$ Zd{dY^pVZ_|Vo ldU H$sVZ _aU nmXgodZ AMZ dXZ A

Xm` `m| gmV VahH$s ^pV_| nZ OrdH$mo A{YH$ma _m`mo ho. Vmgm|
Xm`mVJV ^moJ Y[adoH$mo H$mah ""Xm` VXoH$eaU VgmXH$^moOZ_''
H$mo ho. Vmgm|hr _`mXm_mJu` nyOmHo$ H$ma_|h ^JdgmXHo$ {Z`_H$mo
{Zdmh e` ho. dgo Vmo `m_| `WmoVar{Vgm| dVw g~Y {H$`m AWdm ^md
`m| g^rZHo$ Cn^moJH$s ~mV ho. H$Nw> Im^moOZ_mH$s Zmqh. Vmgm| `m Cn^moJ_|
nw{>_mJu` godmH$maH$s ar{Vgm| g` qH$dm Am_{ZdoXZ Ho$ ^mddmao ^moJ
Y[adoH$s Anojmh Zmqh. `mgm| _oao bm`H$ Omo hmo`Jmo gmo ^w _m|H$m| {g H$[a
X|Jo A Om_| _oamo {hV Zmqh gmo dVw g~Y {H$`m AWdm ^md ^w H$~h {g
Zmqh H$a|Jo. Vmgm| ""mV godoV {Z__''H$mo ^md am{Idodmao eaUmJV OrdHo$
{Mm_| {ddmg$n Aml`^md T> hmoV ho.
5."_hoda' H$hoVo ^yZH$mo Xodm{YXod g_PZo. Ordh AnZo Xohgm| AZw{>V
hmoVo H$_ZHo$ AZw>mZ A \$b^moJ _| d`H$m| BdadV AkmZde _m{Z gHo$
naVw VmHo$h Bda AV_| Vmo ^w hr h| gmo {VZH$m| "_hoda' H$mo OmV ho.
gmo `m|? Vhm H$hV h| ^JdXJrVm_| ^JdmZ H$hV h| Omo
""Bdamo Ah_, Ah ^moJr, {gmo Ah, ~bdmZ, gwIr,
AmTmo, A{ÔZdmZ Ap_ H$mo A`mo ApV gemo _`m
`ò Xm`m{_ _mo { Xò B{V AkmZ{d_mo { hVm''
-`m dMZHo$ AZwgma Xohgm| AZw{>V hmoVo H$_ A {VZHo$ \$bmon^moJ _|
AnZo dmV`Ho$h D$na _hodaHo$ gm_Zo AmnwZo AhH$maH$m| {dZ_ H$[adoVo
H$mn`$n Aml`^md T> H$[a {g hmoV ho.
6."na_m_m' H$hoVo ^wH$mo d$n na_ Am_m hmo`doH$mo OmZZmo. gmo H$go
Vhm H$hV h| Omo lr_X^mJdV_| ""Ah_ Am_m Am_Zm, YmV!, o> gZ
o`gm_{n AVmo _{` aqV Hw$`mX Xohm{X `H$Vo {`'' H$mo ho. gmo
XohH$s {`VmH$mo _yb Ogo Am_mHo$ {` hmo`do_| ho, Vgo hr Ordm_mHo$h {`
hmo`doH$mo _yb na_m_mHo$ {` hmo`do_| hmoV ho. Vmgm| eaUmJV Ord Am_Zm O~
nMbmoH$s
446
^JdmZH$mo {` H$[a OmZV ho, V~ Am_{ZdoXZ $n Aml`^md {g ^`mo

Om{Zò. `h eaUmJ{VHo$ AV^Vy Am_{ZdoXZH$m| ^pV^mdmV^yV Am_{ZdoXZgm|
nWH$ Om{Zò. gmo H$mhoVo? Omo eaUmJ{V_mJu` Am_{ZdoXZ ~moY$n ho n[a
^pV_mJu` Ho$db ~moY$n Zhr A{nVw ^md$n A g_nU-{d{Z`moJn`dgm`r ^Jdgodm$nh hmoV ho.
Eogr fS>{dYm eaUmJ{V CMm{YH$mar Ordm_mHo$ ^rVa _o`~bV|
eaU^mdHo$ qbJV`m H$Q> hmoV h|. _`_ A{YH$marHo$ ^rVa ò N>hm| ^md
VmH$s eaUmJ{VHo$ AJ$ngm| H$Q> hmoV h|. A H${Z> A{YH$marHo$ ^rVa
H$aUHo$ $n_| AZwgaUr` hmoV h|.
B{V lrXr{jVm_O-`m__Zmoha-{da{MVm
nMbmoH$s`m`m
gnyUm
nMbmoH$s
447
&& gmYZH$aU_ &&

(23)
(VdmW X rn{Z~Y_| gd { ZU ` H$aUHo $ AVJ V )
AYw Z mVw
H$bm
gd}
{dmMmaVnam&&
dm`m`m{X{H$`mhrZm: VWm@@MmanamL> _wIm&&212&&
{H $ `_mU
VWmMma
{d{YhrZ
Hw $ d V o &&
{d{jV_Zgmo ^ m Vm: {Odmo n W-namÙm&&213&&
d m `m`m dVmo Xw >mg V Y_ H$W ^do V &&
fpS ^ : gnVo Y_ g Vo Xw b ^ Vam H$bm &&214&&
H$mbXmofmV epVmgo doXm^mdmV gdY_m^md. V{h qH$ {dYo`_ B{V
AmH$mL>jm`m_ Amh AWm@{n B{V.
AWm{n Y_ _ mJ} U pWdm H $ U Ôo V gXm&&
lr^mJdV_mJ} U g H$WpMV V[a`{V&&215&&
nmfS>_VdrH$ma_ AH$dm `Wme`pZhmom{XH$ Hw$dZ gXm H$U
ÔZ ^d{V ^JdXwVoZd _mJ}U VVmo _w`Y_m^mdmV Z \$b, ^JdXÔZmV
M Z nmV, {H$Vw H$WpMV H$qb V[a`{V H${bXmofm{^^yVmo Z ^{d`{V
B{V AW&&215&&
H$bm=H${bH$mb_|
VWm=Amoa
Vw=Vmo, AYwZm=AmO-H$b
AmMmanamL>_wIm=gXmMmagm|
gd}=g~, {dmMmaVnam
{d_wI, VWm=Amoa
={d AmMma_| namÙ
{H$`_mU_=H$ao OmVo
dm`m`m{X{H$`mhrZm=
AmMma=AmMma h
dm`m`m{X {H$`mgm|a{hV
{d{YhrZ={d{Ygm| a{hV
Hw$dVo=H$ao h|
(Vw=Vmo)fS>{^=N>ogy
{d{jV_Zgmo={d{jV _Zdmao
(XoeH$mbm{X{^=XoeH$mbm{Xgy)
gmYZH$aU_
448
^mVm=^mV
gnVo=gnZ hmo` ho
{OdmonW-namÙm=^moJVo=do, H$bm=H${bH$mb_|
amJ_| namÙ, dm`m`m=
Xwb^Vam=A{V Xwb^
A{YH$Va gH$ma {dhrZ
(gpV=h|)AWm{n=Vmoh
dV:=Amnw/IwX
Y__mJ}U=Y_Ho$ _mJgm|
Xw>m=Xw>(gOmVm=^òh|)
pWdm=a{hHo$ (`=Omo)
V=Ego_| (EVme=Ego)
lr^mJdV_mJ}U=^mJdVmoV_mJgm|
(AZ{YH$m[a{^=AZ{YH$marZmam
H$U=lrH$UH$m|, gXm=h_oem
{H$`_mUofw =H$aoOmVo(H$_gw =H$__)|
ÔoV=Ôo ho, g=dmo
Y_=Y_, H$W=H$moZ H$magy
H$WpMV=Oogo-Vogo;H$mh^doV=hmo`!, Y_=Y_
H$magy, V[a`{V=VaOm`Jmo
^mdmW : H${b`wJ_| `m {~[a`m g~ H$moD$ em{d AmMaU_| {ZaV h|.

dm`m` Am{X {Z`H$_h H$moD$ H$aV Zmht. ZmZ-dV-m`pMmm{XH$s
ew{h H$moD$ nmbV Zmht. H$moD$ H$Ny>H$ _|S>-_aOmX nmbV h| gmoD$ `Wm{d{Y
Zmht. EgoZH$mo {Mm H$h EH$ R>moano R>haV Zmht. {Odm A CnW H$m| gVw>
H$[ado_| hr gd ^Q>H$V {\$aV h|. Ego dm`m`: dVmo Xw> _Zw` Y_~w{V|h
H$Ny>H$ H$_ H$aV hm|` Vmo VmV| Y_mZw>mZ {g hmoV Zmht. gmo H$hoV|? Vhm H$hV
h| Xoe-H$mb-`-_-H$Vm-H$_V| Y_ {g hmoV ho, gmo `m H${b`wJ_| ò
N>hm| ew {_bV Zmht. VmoD$ ~Zo gmo Y_ H$aV Omo lr^mJdVHo$ AZwgma H$UH$m|
gXm ÔV h| do Ho$goh Var Omd|Jo&&212-215&&
Q>rH$m : A^rHo$ g_`_| Vmo H${bH$mbHo$ Xmofgm| g~ZH$s epV KQ> JB ho.
doXH$s `WmW pW{V Zmht ho. g~ nwf {dmMaU_| Vna h|. d{XH$ {H$`mgm|
hrZ h|. AmMmagm| a{hV h|. ""emMmMma{dhrZmZm g_Vm {Z\$bm {H$`m''.
Vmgm| H$ao ^ò H$_h g~ {Z\$b hmoV h|. `{X H$moB nwf d{XH$ H$_Hw$ H$ao ho
Vmo {d{Ya{hV H$ao ho. _Z EH$mJ Zmht amIo ho. gXm-gdXm ^__| hr Sy>~o aho Amdo
h|. {Odm-CnWHo$ gwI_| namÙ aho Amdo h|.
gmYZH$aU_
449
dm`m`-dUY_gm| hrZ h|. d^mdgm| hr Xw> h|. Eg| _Zw`Z_| Y_ Ho$go

a{h gHo$ ho? `m|Ho$ Xoe, H$mb, `, H$Vm, H$_ VWm _ BZ N> nXmWZgm|
Y_ ~Zo ho. `m H${bH$mb_| BZ Xoem{XH$ N> nXmWZH$mo ew {_bZmo Xwb^ ho.
H${bH$mbHo$ Xmofgm| epVmg do J`mo ho Vmgm| doXH$mo A^md ho. AVEd g~
Y_ZH$moh A^md ho.
V~ AZoH$ H$maHo$ gVmnZgm| XwIr OrdZHw$ na_ gwIH$s mpVHo$ AW
H$hm gmYZ H$aZmo `mo` ho? Vhm Cma Amkm H$ao h| AWm{n Y__mJ}U B{V.
nmIS>_VH$mo `mJ H$[aHo$, ApZhmom{XH$ZHw$ ^pVHo$ A g_w{PHo$,
{dZH$mo `WmepV nmbZ H$aVmo ^`mo gXm lrH$UH$s ^pV_| namÙ aho Vmo
H${b`wJH$m| V[a Omdo ho.
AWmV `m H${b`wJ_| _w` d{XH$Y_ Zmht ~Z gHo$ Vmgm| doXmoV \$bh
Zmht hmo`. ^JdXÔZ H$aVmo aho Vmo nmVh Zmht hmo`. {H$Vw H${bHo$ Xmof dm
^VHw$ X~m` Zmht gHo$ h|. An gmYZ H$[aHo$ ~S>o ^mar \$bH$m| XodoH$mo
H${b`wJH$mo d^md dm ^VHo$ AmJ| JQ> hmo` Omdo ho. V~ Vmo ^JdXwV
H$magm| lmnydH$ ^JdH$WmH$mo ldU, ^JdXJwUZH$mo JmZ-_aU,
O_mogdm{XH$ H$aVmo ^`mo Y_-AW-H$m_H$mo ^JdmZHo$ AW hr AmMaU
H$aVmo ^`mo gXm ÔZ H$ao ho V~ ""B_ bmoH$ VWdm_w_' ' (^mJ.nwam.3&25&39)
B`m{X VVr`H$Y nMqdem`m`moV Ord_wpVHw$ mV hmodo ho. `mgm|h
Cm_ A{YH$mar hmo` Vmo ""na` _o Vo@ZwdVo Vw bmoH$o '' (^Jm.nwam.3&25&37)
bmoH$moV dHw$R>_| Abm{H$H$ ^moJHw$ mV hmodo ho. AWmV godm\$bH$s Q>rH$m_|
Omo H$ma {b`mo ho dmHo$ AZwgma dHw$R>m{XH$Z_| godmon`moJr XohHw$ mV hmodo
ho&&212-215&&
A ~mYH$` `mJmW_ Amh Am{n doX{ZXm`m_ B{V.
Am{n
do X {ZXm`m_
AY_ H $aUmV
VWm&&
gmYZH$aU_
450
ZaHo $ Z ^do V nmV {H$Vw hrZo f w Om`Vo &&216&&

^Jd_mJ} pWdm `{X doXmZm_ Am_m` dXoV H$WpMX{n, VXm
^JdZmZmo ZaH${damo{YdmV Z ZaHo$ nmV {H$Vw VVr`_mJgmYZdmX hrZofw
Om`Vo, eym{Xfw g^d{V. AVmo `Vo ZrM`mo{Zfw ^JdX^VmZm O_:.
V_mX EVX`_ AH$dm ^JdmZ go`&&216&&
ey m{X`mo Z m OmV` qH$ \$b_ ? B{V AmH$mL > jm`m_ Amh
nydgH$maV:B{V.
ny d g H$maVg V ÔZ _w ò V O_{^&&
A`Vm{^{Zdo e Mo V g g mao Z ^do V VXm&&
EVmd_mVm`pV _mJ} @ p_Z _w a d [ aU&&217&&
gH$mademX ^JdXÔZo Om`_mZo Vp_Z Xoho doXmXrZm _aUm^mdmZ
{ZXm^mdoZ Vw> gZ ^JdmZ _moMòX B{V AW. Vm{n EH$ ~mYH$_ Amh
A`Vm{^{ZdoeMoX B{V. gH$ma` Xw~bdo kmZm^mdmV ggmao A{^{Zdoemo
^d{V. VVmo T>ÔZm^mdmZ Z _w`Vo B{V AW. AZoZ doX{ZX`m nwZamd{m:
CVm. nwZ ewgmYZoZ Om`_mZm _wpV Z {Zdma`{V. AVmo doX{ZXm^mdo
^pV_mJ g_rMrZ.
ZZw CH$fmghZoZ H$W doX Z {ZXoX! AV gmnmÈd A` _mJ: B{V
Ame> Amh EVmd_mVm{n ApV B{V. A{ZXm`m _moj, {ZXm`m_{n Z
ZaH$m{X. doXm{V[aV_Vofw ^Jd_mJ} EVmdX{n \$b_ ApV, ZVw gmmXm
B{V Vo`: CH$f&&217&&
A=`hm, A{n=h
doX{ZXm`m=doXH$s {ZXm_|
VWm=Amoa, AY_H$aUmV=
AY_H$mo AmMaU H$[adogm|
ZaHo$=ZaH$_|, nmV=nmV
MoV=`{X, Z=Zmht hmo`

VXm=Vmo
nydgH$maV=n{hboHo$ gH$magm|
ÔZ=ÔZ H$[adogm|
(AZoH$=~hmoV)O_{^=O_gm|
gmYZH$aU_
451
(Vw `{n=Vmo `{n)

Z=Zmht, ^doV=hmo`Jmo
{H$Vw=na, hrZofw=hrZ_|
Om`Vo=O_ hmo` ho
V=dhm, ggmao=ggma_|
A`Vm{^{Zdoe=A`V A{^{Zdoe
_wòV=_wV hmodo ho
Ap_Z=`m
_wad[aU=_wadoar lrH$UHo$
_mJ}=_mJ_|
EVmd_mVm=BVZm|
A{n=h, ApV=ho
^mdmW : `m _maJh_| doX{ZXm H$adoV| VWm AY_mMaU H$adoV| ZaH$_| Vmo

`{n nmV Z hmo`Jmo n[a hrZ `mo{Z_| OZ_ Vmo {_boJmo. Vhm ggma_| `{X
A{Ve` A{^{Zdoe Z hmo` Vmo nydO_Ho$ ^pV-gH$maZHo$ H$maU nwZ AZoH$
O_ZH$mo AVam` hmo`dono ggmaV| _wV hmo` gH$V ho. gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm H$hV
h| Omo ò _maJ _wamar lrH$UHo$ Adb~ZH$mo _maJ hmo`doV| BVZmo gm_` Vmo
OrdHo$ CmaH$mo amIV hr ho&&216-217&&
_yb H$m[aH$m_| Omo "H$WpMV' nX H${hHo$ ^pV_mJmamh H${b`wJHo$ V[ado_|
gXoh {XIm`mo VmH$mo H$maU H$hV h| Am{n doX{ZXm`m_ B{V. ^pV_|h Xmo
~mYH$ h| : 1.^pV_mJ_| pWV hmo`Ho$ doXHw$ A_mU H$ho VWm 2.AY_H$mo
AmMaU H$ao. (^pV_mJ_| a{hHo$ `{X Egmo H$ao) Vmo- `{n ZaH$nmV hmoZm|
`mo` ho, naVw ^JdmZH$mo Zm_ ZaH$H$mo {damoYr ho Vmgm| ZaH$_|Vmo dmo nwf Zmht
{Ja gHo$ ho naVw-O_-_aUm_H$ VVr` _mJHw$ mV hmo`Ho$ hrZ ewm{X`moZrZ_|
CnZ hmodo ho. `mhrgm| ZrM `mo{Z_| H$~ra, gXZ, aXmg Am{X ^JdX^VZHo$
O_ XrIdo_| Amdo ho. Vmgm| doX{ZXm VWm AY_ H$mo `mJ H$[aHo$ ^JdmZH$s
godm H$aZmo `mo` ho&&216&&
e>m: doX{ZXm VWm AY_ mam ey`mo{Z_| Jò ^ò ^VH$s \o$a H$hm J{V
hmo`?
Cma: nydgH$maV: B{V. ey`mo{Z mV ^`mo ^V nydO_Ho$ gH$magm| dm
ey`mo{Z_|h ^JdmZH$mo ÔZ H$ao ho. VWm dm Xoh_| doXH$s `mX Zmht aho ho Vmgm|
doX{ZXmh Zmht H$ao ho. V~ gZ hmo`H|$ ^JdmZ dm ^VHw$ _wV H$a| h|. naVw
gmYZH$aU_
452
dm O__|h EH$ ~mYH$ ho. nydO_H$mo ^pVH$mo gH$ma Xw~b hmo` Om` Vmo
ggma_| A{^{Zdoe hmo`dogm| T> ÔZ Zmht ~{Z gHo$, Vmo _wVh Zmht hmo`.
BVZo H$WZgm| doX{ZXmgm| nwZamd{m=O__aU hmodo ho `h OVm`mo. naVw ew
ÔZgm| hmo`dodmar _wpVHw$ nydO_H$s H$ar ^B doX{ZXm Zmht amoH$ gHo$ ho.
Vmgm| doX{ZXm Zmht H$aHo$ ^JdXÔZ {H$`mo Om` Vmo ^pV_mJ A{V lo>ho.
Vhm ^Jd_mJH$s Anojm doXHo$ CH$fHw$ Zmht ghVmo ^V doX{ZXm `m|
Zmht H$aoJmo? VWm {ZXm H$aoJmo Vmo dmH$mo hrZ`mo{Z_| O_h hmo`Jmo. V~ Vmo
^pV_mJ Zmedmamo hr ^`mo! Egr e>m Zmht H$aZr. `m|Ho$ doX{ZXm Zmht H$ao
Vmo _moj hmo`. `{X doXm{ZXm H$ao Vmoh ZaH$m{XH$ Zmht hm|` ò gm_W h
^pV_mJ_| ho hr. doXm{V[aV gmm{X_mJ_| `{X doX{ZXm hmo` Vmo Ad`
ZaH$nmV hmo`. BVZo H$WZ H$[aHo$ ma^Xem_| gmnm` h ^pV_mJ A`
_mJZH$s Anojm Cm_ ho ò ~mV OVmB&&217&&
Ohm VmB {ZMb ^pV {g Z hmo` Vhm VmB ^pV_mJH$s ma^Xem
g_wPr Omdo ho. `m H$ma ""`Zremo Yma{`Vw_'' (^mJ.nwam.11&11&22)
""A`mgo@`g_Wm}@{g _H$_na_mo ^d'' (^J.JrVm12&10) B`m{X
JrVmdm`moV hrZm{YH$marZH$sh \$bmam CH$fVm dUZ H$[aHo$ ""ò Vw gdm{U
H$_m{U _{` g`` _nam'' (Vd12&6) B{V JrVmdm`moV ^pV_mJu`
_`_m{YH$mar Oo ^V h|- d{XH$_mJHo$ \$bHo$ g_mZ {OZHw$ \$b {_bo ho,
{OZHw$ ZmeH$mo ^` Zmht ho, {OZHo$ AW erK Cma H$[adoH$s ^JdmZZ| {Vkm
H$sZr ho -CZ _`_m{YH$marZHo$ \$bH$mo dUZ H$a| h| gd`mJo B{V.
^pV_mJ} _w`mZm \$b_ Amh gd`mJo B{V.
gd `mJo @ Z`^mdo
H $ U_m H $_mZgo &&
gm`w ` H $ UXo d o Z erK _ o d Y w d \$b_ &&218&&
AV~{h gd`mJ. dm{_doZ H$UEd gdXm _Zmo{ZdoeZ_. A`mgoZ
VX ^d{V. Aòfm XodmZm V{^y{VdoZ, VgodH$doZ dm g_mZZ, `{X \w$a{V.
Ed Xo h nmVn` V H $ U H $_mZg` gm`w ` erK _ o d ^d{V. H$m`gmYZH$aU_
453
dmpd{Z`moJm^mdo@{n dZohm^mdo@{n _Zmo_mpWVm \$b_ EVX B{V

AW&&218&&
VVmo@{n {deof_ Amh EVmeVw B{V.
EVmeVw
nw f
H$mo { Q>d{n
gw X w b ^ &&
`mo XmamJmanw mVmZ mUmZ {dm{__ na_ &&
{hdm H $ Uo na ^md JV o _ bw V gXm&&219&&
nydm}Vmo bmoHo$ g^d`{n EVmeVw Xwb^mo `mo AJo d`Vo. ^mJdVo
ZmamÙna emVm_d bmoHo$ Xwb^: CV. kmZ{_lmo ^V o_`wVVw
VVmo@{n Xwb^. Vm{n gXm o_bwV:. V` ^Jdgm`w` ^d{V B{V qH$
dV`_! B{V AW&&219&&
gd`mJo=gd`mJ hmo`dono
AZ`^mdo=AZ`^md hmo`dono
H$U_mH$_mZgo=EH$_m lrH$U_|
_Z bJ Om`dono
H$UXodoZ=lrH$UXodHo$ gJ
gm`w`=gm`w`Hw$
erK_od=OpXhr
Ywd=A{dZmer
\$b=\$bHw$ mV
(^d{V=hmo` ho)
H$mo{Q>fw=H$amoS>Z_|, A{n=h
EVmeVw=Egmo Vmo
nwf=nwf
gwXwb^=gwVam H$>gm|{_bo ho
`:=Omo, XmamJmanwmVmZ=
npZ-Ka-nw-n[admaHw$
mUmZ=mUHw$
{dm_={dmHw$
B_=`m bmoH$Hw$
na=nabmoH$Hw$
{hdm=N>m{S>Ho$
H$Uo=lrH$U_|
na ^md=CM o_Hw$
JV=mV ^`mo hmo` Amoa
gXm={ZaVa,o_bwV=o_nyU
(^d{V=hmo`)
^mdmW : g~ Hw$N> N>m{S>Ho$ AZ`^mdV| Ho$db lrH$U_| hr Omo AmnwZmo _Z

bJmdV| h| {VZH$m| H$UXodHo$ gmW erK hr VWm {ZpMVV`m gm`w`$n \$b
gmYZH$aU_
454
mV hmoV ho. H$amoS>Z nwfZ_| Egmo nwf Vmo gwXwb^ hmoV ho Ho$ Omo nZr-Kanw-n[adma-{_-mUZH$m|, YZH$m|, Eo{hH$-nmabm{H$H$H$m| N>m{S>Ho$ H$U_|
na_^mdde gdXm o_bwV ahV hmo`&&218-219&&
Q>rH$m : ~m{hagm| Xoh-dmUrH$[aH|$ gd`mJ hmo`, ^rVagm| _ZH$[aH|$ gd`mJ
hmo`, gdXm AnZo dm_r _m{ZHo$ lrH$UM_| hr _ZH$mo {Zdoe hmo` VWm `{X
X`_| \w$aU hmo` Vmo A` XodVmZHw$ lrH$UH$s {d^y{V _m{ZHo$, CZHo$ Ae
AWdm ^JdgodH$ _m{ZHo$ g_mZ H$aZmo -`m H$ma XohnmV n`V H$UH$_mZg
aho. AWmV _`w hmo` Vhm VmB H$UHo$ {dfo hr {Mm bJm`mo amIo Vmo
lrH$UMHo$ gJ erK hr gm`w`\$bHw$ mV hmo`. Xoh VWm dmUr H$mo
lrH$U_| {d{Z`moJ Zmht hmo`, o_h Zmht hmo`, Ho$db A`mggm| ^JdmZ_|
_ZH$s gdXm pW{V H$ar Om` VWm{n ò \$b hmo`. `hm ""AZòZd `moJoZ _m
`m`V CnmgVo'' (^J.JrVm12&6) `m bmoH$H$mo n>mW {H$`mo ho&&218&&
A~ Cm_m{YH$marH$mo dUZ H$a| h|: Egmo nwf H$moS> nwfZ_|h Xwb^ ho Omo
r, Ka, nw, mU, {dm, ò bmoH$ VWm nabmoH$ Hw$ N>m{S>Ho$ H$UM_| na_
^mdHw$ mV hmo`. Ego ^VH$s lr^mJdV_| egm H$sZr ho : ""_wVmZm_{n
{gmZm ZmamÙnamÙ, gw X w b ^ emVm_m H$mo { Q> d{n _hm_w Z o : ''
(^mJ.nwam.6&14&5) AW:gmYZ H$[adodmao H$moS> nwfZ_| EH$ _wV hmo` ho.
dogo H$moS>Z _wV nwfZ_| h ZmamÙ_| namÙ nwf hmoZmo Xwb^ ho. kmZ{_l ^V
`{X o_`wV hmo` dmo dmgwh Xwb^ ho. `m ^pVH$mo ""XodmZm JwU{bmZm_''
(dht3&25&32) `m VVr`H$YHo$ bmoH$_| dUZ ho. AW:g>n-{dH$n
a{hV Xod$n OmH$mo _Z hmoÒm`, Omo nwfHo$ Bp`ZH$s JwUmVrV ^JdmZ_|
d^md H$[aH|$ {Z>m hmo` dmHw$ ^pVH$ho h|. ""ZH$m_Vm _o nh`pV Ho${MV''
(dht3&25&34) Ego ^V _wpVHw$ Zmht Mmho h|. Ego ^V {H$VZoH$ hr h|.
`mgm| Xwb^Vm{XImB.
Om ^pVgm| ^JdmZ ^VHo$ de hmo` Omd| h| dm ^pVH$s AdWmH$mo
Zm_ "o_' H$mo Omdo ho. dm ^pVH$moh gm`w` hr \$b ho. `mH$mo ""A{ZN>Vmo
_o J{V_dt `w>Vo'' (^mJ.nwam.3&25&36) `m bmoH$_| dUZ ho. `mgm|h
Cm_m{YH$marH$mo dUZ H$ao h| : Vm{n gXm _obwV. Omo gdXm o__| {Z_Z
gmYZH$aU_
455
amo Amdo dmo g~gm| Cm_m{YH$mar ho. `m gno >mVH$mo dUZ H$a| h|:
""lr{d>bZmWOr JwgmBOrH$s EH$ godH$Zr dm r hVr.
lr~mbH$UOrH$s godm H$aVr hVr. A` dUdZZo dm S>moH$arH$s
lrJwgmBOrHo$ AmJo {ZXm H$ar Ho$ ò R>mHw$aOrHw$ ~mOarHo$ XmZm ^moJ Yao
ho. Amoa H$Nw> godm Zmht H$ao ho. ò gw{ZHo$ lrJwgmBOr AMmZH$ dmHo$ Ka
nYmao. dm g_` dmo S>moH$ar ^wHo$ AmJ|, X[aVmHo$ H$maU XrZVmgm|,
~mOarHo$ H$U ^moJ Y[aHo$ _pXaHo$ ~m{ha Am` ~oR>r hVr. Amn ^rVa
nYm[aH|$ ^wZHo$ XeZ H$aVo ^ò. AmnZ| ^wZgm| mWZm H$ar ""Amn _oao
gJ nYmamo. `hm S>moH$ar AmnHw$ ~S>mo n[al_ XoV ho''. ò gw{ZHo$
R>mHw$aOrZ| Amkm H$ar: ""ò S>moH$ar XrZVmH$[aH|$ o__| {Z_Z hmo`H|$
~mOarHo$ H$U ^moJ Yao ho. ò EH$-EH$ H$U _moHw$ {bmoH$Ho$ ÒZgm|h
A{V {` bJo h|. _| `m S>moH$arHw$ gdWm Zmht N>moSy>Jmo''. ò gw{ZH|$
lrJwgmBOr ~hV gZ ^ò VWm dm S>moH$arHo$ ^m`H$s ~S>r egm
H$ar''.
Vmgm| gXm o_{Z_Z hr Cm_m{YH$mar ho. dogo ^VHw$ ^JdmZ Abm{H$H$
gm_`$n na_ \$bHw$ Xo h|. dmHo$ mam ^V ho gmo ^JdmZHo$ ÔZmZXH$mo
AWmV godmHo$ AmZXH$mo AZw^d H$ao ho. `m _w` ^pVHo$ bjU lr^mJdVHo$
VVr` H$Y_| ""AhVw ``d{hVm `m ^pV nwfmom_o'' (^mJ.nwam.3&29&12)
`m bmoH$_| {bIo h|. dmo hr ""Xr`_mZ Z Jm{V {dZm _godZ OZ''
(^mJ.nwam.3&29&13) `m bmoH$_| ^JdgodmHo$ AmZX_| {Z_Z dmo ^V
godm {dZm XrZr ^B Mma H$maH$s _wpVHw$h Zmht JhU H$a| h| ò ~mV {bIr
ho. Ego ^VHo$ AmYrZ ^JdmZ hmo` Omdo h|. ""Ah ^VnamYrZ''
(^mJ.nwam.9&4&63) Ego ^VHw$ hr Abm{H$H$ gm_`$n \$b {_bo ho. ò
\$b "godm\$b' JW_| n> {b`mo ho. `m H$ma \$bH$mo dUZ H$[aHo$ gd hr
_mJH$mo dUZ H$aoh|&&219&&
Ed ^pV_mJ} \$b_ Cnnm gd_od _mJ_ CnnmX`{V {d{e>$n_...
B`m{XZm EV_mJ` moV_... B`VoZ.
gmYZH$aU_
456
{d{e>$n do X mW \$b o _ M gmYZ_ &&

A _o` {d{e>$n_. `` EH$H$mo Ae: H$mS>òZ {VnmVo g
kmZ{H$`mo^``wV. gEd M \$b_.
VgmYZ Zd{dYm ^pVg V{Vnm{XH$m&&220&&
JrVm gL > jo n Vg V`m dVm d`_^y X h[a&&
V{Vmamo
^mJdV
gd { ZU ` ny d H $_ &&
`mg g_m{YZm gd_ Amh H$UmoV_m{XV&&221&&
Vm{n gmYZ M o_d. VgmYZ Zd{dYm ^pV. ldUm{X`{VaoHo$U
gH$mademV \$bH$m_Z`m dm Om`_mZm r{V: JmUr `mV. ldUmXrZm gmYZdo
_mU JrVm. ""^`m dZ``m e`'' (^J.JrVm.11&54) B{V gmYZgm`$nm_ EH$sH$` Amh. JrVm`mA{n m_m` \$bdm`mV. H$U` \$b$nd,
na_mZX$ndmV, nwfmom_dmV M.
JrVmW gpXY _dm {dVaoU H$WZmW ^mJdV VoZd $nmVaoU
H$V_&&220-221&&
{d{e>$n={d{e>$n
gjonV=gjongy
doXmW=doXH$mo AW
dVm=H${hdodmao
\$b=\$b (^d{V=hmo` ho)
d`=IwX, h[a=lrH$U
o_=o_, M=hr
A^yV=^ò
(V\$bmVm=dm\$bH$smpV_|)
gd{ZU`nydH$=g~nHo$ {ZU` nydH$
gmYZ_=gmYZ ho.
VX=dm(=JrVm)H$mo
VV=dmo (o_H$mo)
{dVma:={dVma
gmYZ=gmYZ
^mJdV=^mJdV(^d{V=ho)
Zd{dYm=Zd H$maH$s
A{XV:=ma_^gy
^pV=^pV(^d{V=hmo` ho)
H$Umo$=lrH$UH$s H$hr
VV=dm(^pV)H$mo
gd=g~
{Vnm{XH$m={Z$nU H$[adodmar
`mg=lrdoX`mgZo
gmYZH$aU_
457
JrVm=^JdXJrVm(^d{V=ho)
V`m=dm(JrVm`m=JrVmH$mo)
g_m{YZm=g_m{Ygm|
Amh=H$hr
^mdmW : doXHo$ nydH$mS>_| {Vnm {H$`m$n VWm CmaH$mS>_| {Vnm

kmZ$n Eg| C^`{dY eVrZgm| {d{e> Omo doXmW (=H$U) gmo ^pV_mJH$mo
\$b ho. `m \$bH$s mpVH$mo gmYZ o_ ho. gmo o_ H$Q> hmoV ho ZdYm
^pVmam. gmo `m o_$nm ^pVH$mo {VnmXZ JrVmZo {H$`mo ho. `m JrVmH$mo
gjon_| dVmh A` H$moD$ Zmht naVw d` lrh[a ho. JrVmHo$ A{^m`Hw$
g_w{Pdo_o Omo H$Nw> gXoh hmoV ho {VZ g~ZH$mo {ZU` {dVmagy ^mJdV XoV ho.
^mJdV_| `mgOrZo, g{>Ho$ Am{X_| lrh[aZo ~mOrHw$ Omo CnXoe {X`mo hVmo
VmH$mohr g_m{Y_| gmjmH$ma H$[aHo$ {Z$nU {H$`mo ho&&220-221&&
Q>rH$m : `m ^pV_mJ_| _o` AWmV Om{Zdo `mo` nXmW ^JdmZ hr h|. AWmV
{dZH$mo {H$`m$n Ae doXHo$ nydH$mS>mam d{UV ^`mo ho Amoa {OZH$mo kmZ$n
Ae doXHo$ CmaH$mS>mam d{UV ^`mo ho. ^pV_mJ_| Vmo XmoD$ Ae g{hV
AWmV nyUkmZ-{H$`mdmao ^JdmZ hr _o` h|, Om{Zdo `mo` h| VWm ^JdmZ hr
\$b h|. ^JdmZH$s mpV_| o_ hr gmYZ ho. o_H$mo gmYZ ZdYm^pV ho.
ldUm{XH$ ZdYm^pV {H$ò {dZm, gH$madegm|, \$bH$m_Zmgm| CnZ ^B
r{V "JmUo_' H$hmdo ho. ldUm{X ^pV ^JdmpVHo$ gmYZ h|. `m_|
""^`m dZ``m e`'' (^J.JrVm11&54) B`m{X JrVmHo$ dm`
_mU h|. `m dm`_| gm`$n o_^pV VWm gmYZ$n ldUm{X ^pV BZ XmoC
^pVZHw$ EH$ g_w{PHo$ ""_| EH$(=Ho$db) ^pVH$[aH|$ hr Om`mo OmD$ h VWm
XeZ XoC h'' `m H$ma Amkm H$sZr ho. {OZ lrH$UH$s mpV ^V Mmho ho
{dZ \$b$n H$UHo$ dMZ lrJrVmOr h|. Vmgm| na__mU lrJrVmOr _mZo Omd|
h|. na_mZX$n VWm nwfmom_ lrH$U h| Vmgm| H$Uhr \$b$n h|. gjongm|
H$ho ^ò JrVmOrHo$ AWHw$ gXoh g{hV _m{ZH|$ {dVmanydH$ dUZ H$[adoHo$ AW
CZhr lrH$UMZo "H$Unm`Z' Zm_gm| doX`mgOrH$mo $n YmaU H$[aHo$
lr^mJdV _hmnwamU Amkm {H$`mo&&221&&
_mJm} @ `
gd _ mJm U m_ Cm_
gmYZH$aU_
458
n[aH$s{V V &&
`p_Z nmV^` ZmpV _mo M H$ gd W m `V&&222&&

_mUmXrZm MVwUm_{n EH$$ndmV gd_mJmnoj`m A`_ Cm_mo _mJ.
VWm{h, _mU ^Jdm`_. dmòZ dm gmYZ_ AgmY`Z{n ^JdVm
H$VmWu{H$`Vo. _o`n[akmZ M \$bmZw^d$n_. gmYZ M \$bmX{n A{YH$_.
\$b M kmZH$_m{Xgmò`mo@{n A{YH$_ B{V. AVEd Ap_Z _mJ} nmV^`
ZmpV, _mUd{m_ Ama` ^JdVmo ajH$dmV.
V hoVw _moMH$ gdWm `V: B{V. g {h gdmZdo òZ-Ho$Z{MXwVH$maoUm{n
dV_mZmZ _moM`{V, _moMH$d^mddmV V ddm`mZwJVmZ H$W Z
_moMòV ?&&222&&
`p_Z=Om_|
nmV^`=nVZH$mo ^`
Z=Zmht, ApV=ho
(EVmemo=Egmo) A`=ò
_mJ=_mJ
gd_mJmUm_=g~ _mJZ_|
Cm_=Cm_
n[aH$s{VV=H$moJ`moho
`V=`m|Ho$
gdWm=g~ Vahgm|
_moMH$=_wV H$[adodmamo
(^d{V=hmo` ho)
^mdmW : Om_| g_mJV| {dM{bV AWdm ^> hmo`doH$mo aMH$h ^` Zmht ho

Egmo `h _maJ g~ _mJZV| Cm_ H$mo OmV ho. gmo H$mhoVo, Vhm H$hV h| Omo
`h _maJ ggmaV| OrdH$m| gdWm Nw>S>m`dodmamo _maJ ho&&222&&
Q>rH$m : _mU, _o`, gmYZ VWm \$b ò Mmam| `m _mJ_| EH$$n h|. Vmgm| ò
_mJ gd_mJH$s Anojm Cm_ ho. VWm{h, `m ^pV_mJ_| ^JdmZHo$ dm` hr
_mU ho. ^wHo$ dm`_| {dmg am{IH|$ dm ^`mo Omo ^V ho dmgm| H$Xm{MV
H$moB ~mYH$ Am`doHo$ H$maU gmYZ R>rH$-R>rH$ Zmht ~{Z gHo$ VWm{n ^JdmZ
_o`~bgm| ^VHw$ H$VmW H$ao h|. `m|Ho$ Amn na_ X`mbw h|. d` OmZo h| Ho$
_oao dm`n| {dmg am{IHo$ ^pV_mJ_| dm ^ò ^VH$s `{X XwJ{V hmo`
Om`Jr Vmo ""Z _o ^V U`{V'' (^J.JrVm9&31) AW:_oao ^VH$mo
Zme Zmht hmo` ho Egr _oar {Vkm dWm hmo`Jr. VWm `m _mJ_| _o` AWmV
gmYZH$aU_
459
Om{Zdo `mo` dVw ^JdmZ h| Amoa \$bh ^JdmZ h|. Vmgm| _o`H$mo kmZ hmoZmo
hr \$bH$mo AZw^d H$aZmo ho. gmYZ Omo ^pV ho dmo \$bgm|h A{YH$ ho. `mhrgm|
^V \$b$n ^JdmZ_| brZ hmoZm| Zmht Mmho ho {H$Vw gdXm ^pV hr H$aVo
ahZmo Mmho ho. \$b ho gmoh `m _mJ_| kmZ-H$_{XH$Zgm| gm` nXmWZgm| A{YH$
ho. Vmgm| `m _mJ_| XwJ{VH$mo ^` Zmht ho. `m|Ho$ ^JdmZHo$ JrVm-^mJdVm{XH$ZHo$
_mUdm`ZH$m| gw{ZHo$ Om {XZgm| Ord ^pV_mJ_| dm hmo` ho dm {XZgm| dm
^VH$s lr^JdmZ ajm H$a| h|. `m|Ho$ F${f Am{XH$ZHo$ H$ho ^ò H$magm|h
dm ^ò _Zw`ZHw$ ^JdmZ _wV H$a Xo h|, _wV H$[adoH$mo AmnH$mo d^md hr
ho, Vhm lr_wIHo$ dm` JrVm Am{XHo$ AZwgma ~Vmd H$[adodmao ^VZH$mo Cma
`m| Zmht H$a|Jo?&&222&&
dUm l _dVm Y_} _w ò Z>o N>bo Z Vw &&
{H$`_mUo Z Y_ `mX AVg V_mZ Z _moMZ_&&223&&
{H$M, `Xm doXmXrZm H$mbdemX AgmYH$d kmV VXm A` _mJm}
^JdVm H${WV. VoZ BXmZt Z A`mo _mJ \$bm`&&223&&
dUml_dVm=dUml_dmaoZH$mo
_wò=_w` (Y_=Y_)
Z>o=Z> (g{V=hmo`dono)
N>boZ=N>bgy
{H$`_mUo=H$[adono, Vw=Vmo
(VXZw>mZo=dmHo$ AZw>mZgy)
Y_=Y_ (Ed=hr)
Z=Zmht, `mX=hmo`
AV=`mgy
V_mV=dmgy
_moMZ=_wpV, Z=Zmht
(^d{V=hm` ho)
^mdmW : dUml_dmaoZHo$ H$mO doXm{X emZ_| Oogmo _w` Y_ {Z${nV {H$`mo

ho Vogmo VmH$mo AZw>mZ Vmo A~ e` ho Zmht. VmV| N>bgm| `WmH$WpMV dm
Y_H$mo AZw>mZ H$aogyh Y_ {g hmoV Zmht. Vmgmo VmX dUuZHo$ VWm Aml_rZHo$
H$mO Oogmo Y_ doXm{X emZ_| {Z${nV {H$`mo ho VmHo$ AZw>mZV| ggmaVo ~{Mdmo
A~ e` Zmht ho&&223&&
gmYZH$aU_
460
H$[admo C{MV ho&&224&&

Q>rH$m : `{X ^JdmZH$mo _wV H$[adoH$mo hr d^md ho Vmo doXmoV `km{Xmam hr
`m| Zmht _wV H$ao h|? Egr e>m Zmht H$aZr. H${bH$mbHo$ Xmofgm| doXm{XH$
_wpVHo$ gmYH$ Zmht hmo` gHo$ h|. `WmdV `kmondrVm{XH$ gH$ma ^ò {dZm
~m`m{X XodVmZH$mo doe Xoh_| Zmht hmodo ho. VWm Aml_Z_| Oogo AmMma H$ho
h| do AmMmah Zmht ~{Z gHo$ h|. Vmgm| H${b`wJ_| {H$`mo ^`mo Y_ Zm__mH$mo
Y_ ho. Ego Y_gm| Anyd Zmht hmo`. Anyd {dZm _w`m{XH$ \$bh Zmht hmo`.
O~ ^JdmZZ| `m H$ma Om`mo V~ ^pV_mJH$mo H$WZ {H$`mo. Vmgm| A^r
H${bH$mb_| A` _mJ \$bXm`H$ Zmht h|&&223&&
Ed _mJ` Cm_d {Vnm gmpdH$mZ Cn{Xe{V ~w{_mZB{V.
~w { _mZmXa Vp_Z N>bo gmò @ {n Xw IV:&&
`dm _mJ} Y w d \$bo ^pV_mJ} g_m{deo V &&224&&
na_mXamo ~hfw Z g^d{V. AVEd EH$p_Z H$V`. V doX_mJmnj
o `m@{n
^pV_mJ` Cm_d{VnmXZmV, gmV_ A`` A^mdmV, AmXaoU ^pV_mJ}
{deoV. _mJ} doe_moUd H$VmWdmV&&224&&
XwIV=XwIgm|, A{n=h
N>bo=N>bgm|, gmò=gm`
Vp_Z=dm, _mJ}=_mXo`dodmao
AmXa=AmXaHw$,`dm=N>mo{S>Ho$
g_m{deoV=Am{N>^m{Vgm|doe H$ao
Ywd\$bo=A{dZmer\$b Xo`dodmao
^pV_mJ}=^pV_mJ_|
g_m{deoV=Am{N>^m{Vgm| doe H$ao
^mdmW : ~mU-j{`-d`-ey Ho$ dUôXdmao A ~MmarJhW-dmZW-g`mgr Aml_ôXdmao A{YH$marZHo$ H$mO doXm{X emZ_|
Omo H$V` Cn{X> ^ò h| {VZH$mo AZw>mZ `m H${bH$mb_| XweH$ hmo`dogy
`WmH$WpMV _ZHw$ _Zm`doHw$ hmo` AWdm nmfS>Ho$ {~Zm g^d Zmht hmo`.
VmV| Eog| {d{Y{dhrZ AZw>mZ H$[adogm| _moH$m| _wpV mV hmo`Jr Eogmo {_`m
AmXa N>m{S>Ho$ ~w{_mZ A{YH$m[aHw$ Ywd\$bdmao ^pV_mJH$mo Aml` JhU
gmYZH$aU_
461
Q>rH$m : `m H$ma ^pV_mJH$s Cm_VmH$mo dUZ H$[aHo$ lrdb^mMmÒr

_hm^wOr gmpdH$ OrdHw$ CnXoe XoVo h| ~w{_mZmXa_ B{V.
H${b`wJ_| Vmo H$_m{XH$ gdWm hr Zmht ~Z gH|$ naVw g``wJm{XH$Z_|h
""JhZm H$_Umo J{V'' (^J.JrVm4&17) B`m{X JrVmdm`mZwgma (H$_H$s
J{V JhZ ~VmB ho Vmgm|) XwIH$[aH|$ {g hmo` gHo$ Ego H$_m{XH$ _mJZ_|
AmXaH$mo `mJ H$aZmo.
AWmV ~hV _mJZ_| na_ AmXa Zmht ~Z gHo$ ho Vmgm| EH$ _mJHo$ {dfo
hr AmXa H$aZm|. doX_mJH$s Anojm ^pV_mJ Cm_ ho. VWm A^r A` _mJ
{d_mZh Zmht h|. Vmgm| AmXanydH$ ~w{_mZ nwf ^pV_mJ_| hr doe H$ao.
""A{n Mo V gw X w a mMmamo ÔVo _m_ AZ`^mH $ ,
gmYw a o d g _V` g`J `d{gVmo {h g''
-(^J.JrVm9&30) B`m{X JrVmdm`_| n> ò ~mV {bIr ho Ho$ XwamMmarh
nwf AZ` hmo`H|$ ^Jdgodm H$aVmo hmo` Vmo dmHw$ gnwf g_PZmo. Vmgm|
^pV_mJ_| doe hmoV hr Ord H$VmW hmo` Omdo ho&&224&&
ZZw Ed nmfS>mZm_{n dMZm{Z ^dpV B{V Am> Amh {dH$aU
ZmpV B{V.
{dH$aU ZmpV {H $ `m Z {dVo &&
H$pnV a o d ~mY `mX Admo M m_ _mUVm_ &&225&&
Z A lw{V-_{V{dmMmamo, Zm{n _o` doX{d_. AVmo Z A
{dg^mdZm{n. ZZw naml`m _wpV _m`mdmXm{X{^: {ZamH$Vo{V H$W Z
gmYZH$aU_
462
_o`{damoY:? V Amh H$pnVad ~mY`mX B{V. Vo {h d_m \$bdoZ

H$n`pV Vmw Am_m{UH$_, "Am_'eX` ^JdmMH$dmV. ZVw Ordnad
doXmVmZm_, Zm{n Ord` \$b$nd_. AV na_mZX: A{YH$mo ^dVr{V Z
H$Xm{n _wpV dmYrZm. AV: V ZohEd VmpVhoVw. AVmo `w`m{n
^Jd_mJ` m_m` gm{YV_ B{V AW&&225&&
(A ^pV_mJ}=`m ^pV_mJ_|)
{dH$aU={d{H$`m
Z=Zmht, ApV=ho
{H$`m={H$`mh
Z {dX`Vo={d Zmht ho
(emm_m``=emHo$ m_m`H$mo)
~mY=~mY
H$pnV=H$pnV
(H$ma=H$magy)
Ed=hr, `mV=hmo` ho
_mUVm_=_mUVmHw$
AdmoMm_=H$ho h|
^mdmW : `m ^pV_mJ_| doXm{X emZV| {d Vmo H$Nw> H$[admo ho Zmht. Vog|

hr `m _mJH$s {H$`mh doXm{XemZV| {d Zmht ho. VmoD$ A{d{hV hmo`doV|
doXm{XemZH$mo m_m` Vmo ~m{YV hmo` gHo$! Egr e>mH$mo g_mYmZ `m|
OmZZmo Omo ^pVH$mo H$ma A{d{hV hmo`donoh doXm{X emZ_| A{Z${nV Zmht
ho. VmV| ^pV{H$`m H$pnV Zmht ho gmo _mU H$mo&&225&&
Q>rH$m : lr_hm^wOr Amkm H$a| h|, Oogo nmfS>r bmoJ AnZo _mJZ_| OrdZHw$
\$gm`doHo$ AW AnZo _mJHw$ g~ _mJZgm| Cm_ ~Vmd| h| Vmgm| Om H$ma
nmIS>rZHo$ dMZ hmodo h| dm H$ma h_mao dMZHw$ _{V _m{Z`mo. `m|Ho$
nmfS>rZHo$ _VZ_| Oog| lw{V-_{Vgm| {d AmMaU hmodo ho Eg| `m ^pV_mJ_|
lw{V-_{Vgm| {d AmMaU Zmht ho. doX_| Omo na_m_m na~$n _o`H$mo
{VnmXZ ho dmhrHw$ ^pV_mJ_| _o` _m`mo ho. Vmgm| ^pV_mJ_| doX{dH$s
g^mdZm Z H$aZr.
e>m: _m`mdmXrZZ| doX_| Omo "Am_m' eX ho dmHw$ OrdH$mo Zm_ _m`mo
ho. V~ eara g~Yr Ordm_m doXH$mo _o` ^`mo Amoa dmhr Ordm_mHo$ AmYrZ
gmYZH$aU_
463
_wpV hmoZm| _mZo h|. V~ CZHo$ _VmZwgma dmYrZ _wpV ^B. Amoa ^pV_mJ_|
Vmo na_m_mHw$ _o` _m`mo ho Amoa _wpVh CZhrHo$ AmYrZ _mZr ho. V~ doXH$mo
VWm ^pV_mJH$mo EH$ _o` Ho$go ^`mo?
Cma: H$pnV: B{V. _ZH$pnV dm`Zgm| CZ dmXrZZ| ""Va{V
emoH$_m_{dV'' (N>mXmo.Cn.7&1&3) ""Am_bm^mV Z na {dVo'' ()
Am_mHw$ Om{Zdodmamo emoH$Hw$ V[a Omdo ho B`m{X dm`Z_| "Am_m' eXH$mo
AW eara g~Yr Ordm_mnaH$ bJm` brZmo ho. `mhrgm| doXmWHo$ gXoh Xya
H$[adodmao `mgOrZ| ""AZwnnmoVw Z emara:'' (~gy1&2&3) `m gy_|
doX_| ~H$aUn{R>V "Am_'eX na~dmMH$ ho, OrddmMH$ Zmht ho ò
{ZU` {H$`mo ho. Vmgm| do dmXr AnZo OrdHw$ \$b$n _mZ| h| ò ~mV _mU {d
ho. doX_| "Am_'eX ^JdmZH$mo dmMH$ ho. doXmV^mJ Ordna Zmht hmo` gHo$
ho. Ord \$b$nh Zmht hmo` gHo$ ho. `m|Ho$ Ord_| gmm-MV` Xmo hr JwU h|.
^JdmZ_| gmm, MV` Amoa AmZX Eg| VrZ nXmW h|. AmZX ^JdmZ_| A{YH$
ho, Ord_| Zmht ho. Ord Vmo Ae ho. ^JdmZ Vmo Ordgm| A{YH$ h|. Vm_| ""Aemo
ZmZm`nXoemV'' (~ gy 2&3&43) ""A{YH$Vw ôX{ZX}emV''
(~gy2&1&22) B`m{X `mggy _mU h|. Vmgm| ^pV_mJ VWm doX
XmoCZHo$ _o` ^JdmZ EH$ hr h|. Vmgm| _wpVh XmoZm| ^JdmZHo$ AmYrZ h|,
OrdHo$ AmYrZ Zmht h|. Vmgm| ^JdmZH$s mpVH$mo H$maU Zoh hr ho. `m H$ma
`wpVgm|h ^pV_mJHw$ m_m{UH$ ~Vm`mo&&225&&
gd W m Mo X h[aH $ nm Z ^{d`{V `` {h&&
V` gd _ Ae` `mZ _mJ} @ p_Z gw V am_{n&&
H $ nm`w V`Vw `Wm {gò V H$maU_w `Vo &&226&&
na_ A Z gd}fm \$b_wIm{YH$ma {H$Vw òfw ^JdH$nm, H$nmn[akmZ
M _mJ`m {ZMr`Vo&&226&&
``=OmHw$
h[aH$nm=lrH$UH$s H$nm
{h={ZpMV$ngy
Ae`=Ae`
gmYZH$aU_
464
gdWm=H$mh H$magy
MoV=`{X, Z=Zmht
^{d`{V=hmo`Jr
V`=dmHw$, Ap_Z=`m
_mJ}=_mJ_|, A{n=h
gwVam_=gwVam
gd=H$Nw>
`mV=hmo`
H$nm`wV`=H$nmdmaoHw$
Vw=Vmo, `Wm=Om H$magy
{gXòV={g hmodo
(VWm=dm H$ma)
H$maU_=H$maU/Cnm`
C`Vo=H$ho h|
^mdmW : VmoD$ Om `pVno h[aH$nm aMH$h Z hmo` VmH$m| Vmo `m _mJVoh H$Nw>
{g hmo`dodmamo Zmht ho. n[a Omno ^JdH$nm ho VmH$m| `m _mJV| Ho$g| \$b {g
hmo` gH$V ho VmHo$ H$maUZH$mo {Z$nU lr_hm^w A~ H$aV h|&&226&&
e>m: `{X ò _mJ gdm}m_ ho Vmo g~ hr ~w{dmao nwf `m_| `m| Zmht
dm hmoV h|?
Cma: g~hr nwfZHw$ `m ^pV_mJ_| \$bXm`H$ A{YH$ma Zmht ho. Omn|
^JdmZH$s H$nm ho dmhrHw$ ^pVHo$ _w`\$bH$s mpV hmo` ho. nmnZme Vmo
""Xodmo@gwamo _Zw`mo dm'' (^mJ.nwam.7&7&50) B`m{X dm`mZwgma XdAmgwa H$moD$ Ord hmo`, ^pV H$[adogm| _wV hmo` hr ho. ^JdmZH$s H$nm Vmo
^pV_mJ_| {Mgm| OmZZr. ^JdmZH$s H$nm {dZm `m _mJ_| {M Zmht hmo` ho.
Vhm, `m OrdH$s ^pV_mJ_| {M ho Ho$ Zmht ho ò Ho$go Om`mo Om`? VmH$mo
g_mYmZ H$aV h|: dof, ^mfm, AmMaU Am{Xgm| _mJH$s {M kmV hmo` ho.
AWmV Omo nwf gXm {VbH$-H$R>r Am{X ^VHo$ doeHw$ YmaU H$aVmo hmo`,
T>VmHo$ dMZ ~mobVmo hmo`, EH$mV_| VWm g~ZHo$ g_wIh ^JdmZHo$ Zm_ZHw$
OnVmo hmo`, ^pV_mJHo$ AmMmaZHo$ AZwgma gXm ~Vmd H$aVmo hmo` V~ OmZZm|
Ho$ `m nwfH$s ^pV_mJ_| {M ho&&226&&
V Am{XV gmYZm{Z Amh H$Ugodmna_ B{V.
gmYZH$aU_
465
H $ Ugo d mna
dr`
X^m{Xa{hV
Za_ &&
lr^mJdV-Vdk Ôo V {Okmgw a mXamV &&227&&
`mo {h Jw godm_ CnXo`{V g d` MoV Vm_ Cm_m OmZr`mV VXm H$W
Z d` Hw$`mX! B{V godmnaEd Jw. Vm{n {Z{_mm{Z dma`{V X^m{Xa{hV_
B{V. godm M _mU_ybd nwfmWn`dgm{`Zr. A`Wm _Z{g A`X {dYm`
A`WmH$aUo Z \$b{g{: B{V A{^mòU Amh lr^mJdVVdk_ B{V.
{Okmgw: ZVw H$mVwH$mm{d>. ÔZ gd^mdoZ VXm VXwVH$maoU ^Jdgodm
H$V`m&&227&&
{Okmgw:=Om{ZdoH$s BN>mdmamo
H$Ugodmna=lrH$UH$s godm_| namÙ
X^m{Xa{hV=g^ Am{Xgm| a{hV
lr^mJdVVdk=lr^mJdVHo$ VdHw$ Om{Zdodmao
Za=nwfHw$
dr`=Am{N> ^m{Vgm| Xo{IH|$
AmXamV=AmXagy (V=dmHw$; JwdoZ=Jw$ngy)ÔoV=Ôo
^mdmW : Omo H$UH$s godm_| Vna ahVmo hmo`, bmoH$fUm qH$dm {e`fUm Am{X
XwJwUZHo$ de X^m{Xgm| a{hV hmo`, lr^mJdVHo$ AZwgmar _w` Vd lrH$U
VWm H$U^pV H$m| AmN>r ar{Vgm| OmZV hmo` Ego nwfH$m| {Okmgw {e`
JwdoZ AmXa Xo&227&&
e>m: ^JdH$nmgm| hr Cma hmo` Om`Jmo gmYZ H$[adoH$mo H$hm H$m_
ho?
Cma: ^JdmZHo$ AZwJhgm| Vmo ^pV H$Q> hmo` ho. H$Q> ^B o_^pVHw$ gmYZH$s Anojm ho. Vhm JwH$s CnmgZm W_ gmYZ ho. ""{Zamb~mo
`Wm bmoHo$ WmZ^>mo {ZJVo, hao H$nm{d{e>mo@{n JwhrZg VWd M''
gmYZH$aU_
466
( ) AW: Om nwfH$mo H$moB Amb~Z Zmht hmo` dmHw$ bmoH$_| WmZ^> H$ho
h|. Eg| hr ^JdH$nm g{hVh nwf `{X JwhrZ hmo` Vmo dmHw$h WmZ^>Ho$
g_mZ g_wPZmo. Vmgm| ({OkmgwH$mo) W_ (H$V` ho) H$Ugodm_| namÙ hmo`
dmHw$ Jw H$aZm|. Omo Jw AmoaZHw$ godm H$[adoH$mo CnXoe Xo ho dmo Jw d`
^JdgodmHw$ Cm_ OmZoJmo Vmo d` ^Jdgodm `m| Zmht H$aoJmo! Vmgm| godmnamÙ
hmo` dmo hr Jw (H$[ado `mo` hmoV) ho. Vhmh H$moB {Z{_mgm| godm Zmht H$aVmo
hmo`. H$m_, bmo^, {V>m Ho$ AW H$nQ>gm| godm Zmht H$aVmo hmo`. VWm
gd_mUZHo$ gma^yV lr^mJdVHo$ AZwgma hr H$sZr ^B godm nwfmW {g
H$[adodmar ho. A`Wm, _ZHo$ AZwgma {dnarV godmgm| \$b{g{ Zmht ho. Vmgm|
lr^mJdVHo$ VdHw$ Om{Zdodmamo hmo` dmHw$ Jw H$aZm|. Amoa {e`Hw$ JwHo$ g_rn
{Okmgw hmo`Ho$ OmZm| M{hò, H$VwH$m{d> hmo`Ho$ OmZm| `mo` Zmht ho. AmXanydH$,
gd^md H$[aH|$, Eo{hH$-nmabm{H$H$ g{hV Am_mH$mo (^wHw$) {ZdoXZ H$[aHo$,
AmXanydH$ JwH$s Amkm _mU gXm H$aVmo aho. Vm nrN>o Jw Om H$ma
^Jdgodm H$aZm| {gImd| VmHo$ AZwgma ^Jdgodm H$aZmo `mo` ho&&227&&
gM Xwb^: B{V. VoZm{n dV` H$ma_ Amh VX^mdo B{V.
VX^mdo d` dm@{n _y { V H $ dm hao d{MV &&
n[aM`m gXm Hw $ `m V Vy n V M pWV_ &&228&&
d{MX Xoe{deofo gn[anpWZm_ A^md`wVo hao: _y{V H$dm ÔoV.
A`_od A` H$ma: Cm_. `Z _yVm H$V gd ^Jd{V H$V ^d{V. V _yV}:
^Jdd oYm {Z$n`{V Vyn_ B{V. dVw{dMmaoU gd` ^JdyndmX {deofVw
A`_ ""EZ_ C[a`m{_'' B{V VXm _XmXo mXw^yVmo ^pV_mJmZwgmaoU Amh
V M pWV_ B{V. _yVm pWV_. na ` hV: V hV: VV-VXd`dofw VVVX`dm: B{V&&228&&
VX^mdo=dmHo$ A^md_|
d`=IwX, dm{n=^r
hao:=lrH$UH$s
_y{V=_y{VHw$, H$dm=H$[aHo$
d{MV=H$h, gXm=h_|em
n[aM`m=n[aM`m
gmYZH$aU_
467
Hw$`mV$n
V=dhm
M=hr
pWV_=amo ^`mo ho
^mdmW : H$Ugodm_| Vna, X^m{XH$ XmofZgm| a{hV VWm lr_X^mJdVnwamUHo$

_w` {Vnm VdHw$ Om{Zdodmamo H$moD$ Jw `{X {_bVmo Z hmo` Vmo Amnw hr
^Jdd$nH$m| nYam`Ho$ H$h gdXm godm H$aZr. gmo H$mhoV| Omo gdZm_$nZH$m|
YmaU H$[adodmao lrh[a {ZO_y{V_| H$mhoH$m| {d_mZ Z hm|`Jo?&&228&&
Q>rH$m : Vhm lrdb^mMmÒr H${b`wJHw$ ~{b> XoIH|$ AmJ| hmo`dodmao
_Zw`Z_| JwnZoHo$ bjUH$mo A^md {dMm[aHo$ AnZo hr d$n_| nw{>_mJ AWmV
""nmofU VXZwJh'' (^mJ.nwam.2&10&4) `m dm`mZwgma AZwJh {d{e>
^pV_mJHo$ JwdH$mo WmnZ H$aVo ^ò godmH$mo H$ma {XImd| h| VX^mdo B{V.
Om Xoe_| ^pV_mJHo$ {damoYr Zmht ahVo hm|` Ego H$moB Xoe_| pWV hmo`H|$
^JdmZH$s _y{VH$s godm H$ao. AWmV ^JdmZHo$ d$n_| ""ò _oao dm_r h|'' `m
H$maH$mo ^md am{IH|$, AmnwZHw$ ^JdmZH$mo ghOXmg g_w{PHo$, XmgHo$ H$m`Hw$
H$aVmo aho.
`hm H$WmldU, ^JdmZHo$ gZVmHo$ AW Y_-AWm{XH$ZH$mo AmMaU
Am{X Y_ZH$mo W_ dUZ Zmht H$aHo$ W_ _y{VgodmH$mo H$ma {XIm`mo ho VmH$mo
H$maU ò ho Ho$ g~ gmYZZ_| ò _w` gmYZ ho. `m|Ho$ _y{V_| {H$`mo ^`mo d,
Am^yfU, Zdom{XH$ CnMma gmjmV ^JdmZHw$ ArH$ma H$am`mo g_w`mo Omdo
ho.
Vhm _y{V_| VrZ H$magm| ^JddH$mo {Z$nU H$a| h|. W_ Vmo gdnXmW
^Jdyn ho Vmgy _y{Vh ^Jdyn ho. {deofVm BVZr A{YH$ ho: Oog| bmXOr
Am{X ^VZHo$ AW V^m{XH$Z_|gm| Amn H$Q> ^ò h| Eg| hr godm H$[adodmao
^VHo$ CmamW Amn _{mH$m Am{XH$Ho$ _m`_gm| _y{m$n_| H$Q> hmoV h|. Oog|
BwZHo$ Cma H$[adoH$o AW Xm~$n lrOJZmWamÒr H$Q> ^ò. VjH$mamh
gmYZH$aU_
468
Oogr BN>m hVr dogmo hr AmH$ma ^JdXm{d> MXZHo$ H$m>H$mo H$Q> ^`mo ò
~mV OJZmW_mhm`_| {g ho. Eg| hr _y{V {g hmo`do_| OrdH$s H${Vmamh
Oog| d$ngm| H$Q> hmo`doH$s BN>m hmo` ho dog| hr d$nH$mo mXw^md hmo` ho.
^pV_mJmZwgma Vmo ^JdmZH$mo d$n _y{V_| pWV ho ò {ZM` amIZm|&&228&&
V hoVw
gmH$ma-`mnH$dmM
_`m{n
{dYmZV&&
lrH $ U ny O ò X ^`m `WmbYmo n MmaH $ &&229&&
`mnH$ gmH$ma ~ B{V. AV gd} H$Q>H$mwnMmam: ^JdXd`dodod
gmjmH$Vm ^dpV. CnmgZm_mJmZwgmaoUm{n _yVmdod ^JdXÔZ ^d{V B{V
Amh _`m{n {dYmZV: B{V. `mgm{XnydH$ gdnyOm. _yVm {deof_ Amh
lrH$U_ B{V. _y`Vao X`V[aVd_. `WmdV _w`V`m mV: `:
CnMmam H$V`m&&229&&
`WmbYmonMmaH$:=mV ^ò
CnMmaZgy, ^`m=^pVgy
lrH$U=lrH$UHw$
nyOòX =nyOo
gmH$ma-`mnH$dmV =gmH$ma
Amoa `mnH$ hmo`dogy, M=Amoa
_`=_Ho$
A{n=h, {dYmZV:={dYmZgm|
^mdmW : A{ZpXV d{mgm| VWm ghOV`m Cnm{OV hmo` Egr ^JdgodmnyOmn{`H$

gm_JrZgm| ^pVnydH$ lrH$U_y{VH$mo nyOZ H$aZm|. gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm H$hV h|
Omo na_m_m gd`mnr h|, gmo H$Ny> _y{VH$m| N>m{S>Ho$ gd`mnr Zmht h|. AWmV
gd`mnr hmo`doV| {ZO_y{V_|h {d_mZ Vmo h| hr. Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo Egr
`mnH$Vm Vmo na_m_mH$s Aew OwJwpgV nXmWZ_|h ho, gmo Vhmh `m|
^JdnyOZH$mo CnXoe Zmht H$aV hmo? Vhm H$hV h| Omo OwJwgmOZH$ Aew
AmH$ma qH$dm _y{VZ_| gd`mnr na_m_mHo$ nyOZHo$ _ qH$dm {d{Y emJmoMa
hmoV Zmht ho n[a _yb AmH$maHo$ $ndmar _y{V_| gmH$ma-`mnH$ na_m_mHo$
nyOZH$s _-{d{Y emJmoMa ho&&229&&
gmYZH$aU_
469
Q>rH$m : Ohm _y{mHo$ lrhV-MaUma{dX h| dhm hr ^JdmZHo$h hV-MaUm{XH$

h|. _y{VHo$ g~ Ad`dZ_| ^JdXd`d h|. `m|Ho$ ^JdmZ gmH$ma-`mnH$
~$n h|. Vmgm| H$S>m, {H$arQ>, Hw$S>b Am{X CnMma ^JdmZHo$ Ad`dZ_| hr
gmjmV ArH$V hmo` h|. CnmgZm_mJHo$ AZwgma _ g{hV `mgnydH$ nyOmh
_y{m_| hr lo> hmo` gHo$ ho. Vmgm| kmZr, ^V VWm CnmgZm_mJu BZ VrZmoZHw$
hr _y{VnyOZ H$aZm| `mo` ho.
A` XodVmZH$s _y{m_|h nyOZ hmo` gHo$ ho naVw dhm Xmo `dYmZ hmod|
h|. ^JdmZH$mo Ae Ajanwf (ò W_ AVam` Amoa), dmHo$ AemdVma VWm
A` XodVm CZH$mo Amdoe (ò Xygamo AVam`). gmo bmohHo$ Jmobm_| Oogo
ApZH$mo Amdoe hmoV ho Vog| _y{m_| (A`m` XodVmZH$mo) Amdoe hmoV ho.
lrH$UH$s _y{V_| Aer _yb$n na~ nwfmom_H$mo hr Amdoe hmoV ho. Vmgm|
lrH$UH$s hr o_g{hV godm H$aZr. amOm{YamOH$mo Om H$ma CnMma {H$`mo
Om` ho Vm ar{Vgm| godm H$aZr. {OVZ| nXmW mV hm|` {dZgm| CnMma=C{MV
gH$ma H$aVmo aho&&229&&
Vm{n ^pV_mJmZwgmaoU CnMmam: _w`m: B{V Amh `Wm gwXaVm `m{V
B{V.
`Wm gw XaVm `m{V d a AmâU a {n&&
Abw > duV go _ VWm WmZnw a ga_ &&230&&
go_ B{V AZwoJmW_. WmZ _pXa_. VXb>manydH$_od ^JdXb>aU
H$V`_ B{V AW&&230&&
d:=d
AmâU:=Am^yfUHo$mam
A{n=h
`Wm=Om H$magy (^Jd_y{V:)
gwXaVm=gwXaVmHw$
`m{V=mV H$ao
VWm=dm H$magm|
WmZmnwa:ga=WmZm{X nydH$
go_=o_ g{hV
Abw>duV=eJmao
gmYZH$aU_
470
^mdmW : ^Jdd$nHo$ {~amOdoHo$ WmZHo$ Ab>aU nydH$ dZgm| VWm

Am^yfUZgm| ^Jd_y{V Oog| gwXa XeZ Xoddo mar ~{Z Om` Vog| go_ ^Jd_y{VH$y h
eJmam{X YamdZo&&230&&
Q>rH$m : ^pV_mJHo$ AZwgma hr ^JdgH$ma H$aZmo `mo` ho. Oog| A`V
gwXaVm H$Q> hmo` Egr ar{Vgm| o_gm| d-Am^yfU YmaU H$amdZo. o_ g{hV
godm H$[adogm| {MmH$mo CoJ {_Q>o ho. W_ _pXaH$s gmohZr, _pXad,
{N>S>H$md, _mS>Zm Am{XH$Zgm| godm H$aZr. `m H$ma MXmodm, {nN>dmB,
qghmgZ, e`mOr Am{X nXmWZH$s godmh W_ hr H$a amIZr. Vmgm| g_`n|
{db~ Zmht hmo`&&230&&
Ed dm` ^m`mXrZm {d{Z`moJ_ Amh ^m`m{XaZwHy$bMoX B{V.
^m`m { XaZw H y $ bMo V
H$maò X
^JdpH $ `m_ &&
CXmgrZo d` Hw $ `m V {VHy $ bo J h Òo V &&
V`mJo Xy f U ZmpV `Vmo {dUw n amw I m&&231&&
^m`m{XH$ Jh_. {dUwnamwIm ^m`mX`, A`Wm n[a`mJo XmofEd. AZoZ
AdUd gh Ap_Z _mJ} Z WmV`_ B{V CV ^d{V&&231&&
^m`m{X:=npZ Am{X
AZwHy$b:=AZwHy$b, MoV=hm|`Vmo
^JdpH$`m=^JdgodmHw$
H$maòX=H$amdo
CXmgrZo=CXmgrZ hmo`don|
d`=IwX, Hw$`mV=H$ao
{VHy$bo={VHy$b hmo`don|
Jh=KaHw$, ÒoV=N>moS>Xo
V`mJo={dZHo$ `mJ_| Xmof
Z=Zmht, ApV=ho
`Vmo=`m|Ho$
{dUwnamwIm:=lrH$Ugy{d_wIh|
gmYZH$aU_
471
^mdmW : n[admaHo$ ^m`m Am{X gX` `{X AZwHy$b hm|` Vmo {dZgm|h ^Jdgodm
H$amdZr. n[a do `{X CXmgrZ hm|` Vmo Z H$amdZr, AWmV Amnw hr H$aZr. A
`{X do ^JdgodmH$mo {damoY H$aV hm|` Vmo {dZH$mo n[a`mJ H$aZmo. gmo H$mhoVo?
Vhm H$hV h| Omo {dUw{d_wIH$mo gJ H$[admo _hmZ ~mYH$ ho. VmV| Ego
{dUw{d_wI ^m`m{X n[admaOZZHo$ `mJ_| H$Ny> Xmof Zmht ho&&231&&
Q>rH$m : r-nwm{XH$Zgm|h gXm ^Jdgodm H$admVo ahoZmo. `m|H$o godm_| ghm`VmH$s
Anojm aho ho. nwf ^yZH$m| d-Am^yfUm{X YmaU H$amd| {OVZo g_`_| r
ÒZ {g H$abo Vmo ^moJ Am`do_| {db~ Zmht hmo`. `{X r-nwm{XH$ZH$s
^Jdgodm H$[ado_| CXmgrZ d{m hmo`, AWmV godm_| r{V Zmht hmo` Vmo
{dZgm| godm Z H$admdo, Amn d` hr godm H$ao. `m|Ho$ AmJh H$aHo$ rnwm{XH$Zgm| godm H$adm`do_| CZHw$ boe hmo` Amoa boeg{hV H$ar ^B
godmH$mo ArH$ma ^JdmZ Zmht H$a| h|. `{X rnwm{XH$ {VHy$b AWmV godmHo$
{damoYr hm|`, AmnwZH$m|h godm H$[ado Zmht XoV hm|`, Vmo CZHw$ N>m{S> XoZ|. godmgm|
{VHy$b ^ò {dZm rnwm{XH$ZHo$ `mJ_| Xmof ho.
r-nwm{XH$ZH$mo hr Zm_ `hm "Jh' ho. ""J{hUr Jh_ C`Vo''.
CZhrH$mo `mJ ho, KaH$mo `mJ Zmht ho. Ka N>m{S>dogm| Vmo godmh Zmht ~Z gHo$
ho. ""VVmo Xw:g_ Cg` ggw gOoV ~w{_mZ'' (^mJ.nwam.11&26&26)
B`m{X _mUmZwgma ^JdmZgm| ~{h_wI r-nwm{XH$ZHo$ `mJ_| Xmof Zmht ho.
ò H${hHo$ AdUdHo$ g Zmht ~oR>Zmo ò ~mVh OVmB&&231&&
OrdZo H$ma_ Amh gd W m d { mhrZMo X B{V.
gd W m d { mhrZMo X EH $ `m_ ham Zò V &&
nR>o M {Z`_ H $ dm lr^mJdV_mXamV &&232&&
`m__m ^Jdgodm {dYm` nMmX A{Z{foZ CnmòZ OrdZ gnmXòV.
gmYZH$aU_
472
nmanÒrdZ_{n {Z{f MoV VXm `V`_. ""AMmamUm_ AnmnmZm_''

(^mJ.nwam.7&11&30) B{V dMZmV. Or{dH$m`m {Mm `mnV nwZ: ^Jd{V
`moOZmW_ Cnm`_ Amh nR>oM {Z`_ H$dm B{V. AZoZ An~{h_wIVm`m_{n
^mJdV_ AZwgYo`_ B{V Cnm` H${WV&&232&&
gdWm=g~ H$magm|
d{mhrZ:=AmOr{dH$m{~ZmH$mohmo`
MoX=Vmo, EH$=EH$
lr^mJdV_=lr^mJdVHw$
`m_=ha, ham=lrH$U_|
ZòV=bJmdo, AmXamV=AmXagm|
{Z`_={Z`_, H$dm=H$aHo$
M=Ad`, nR>oV=nT>o
^mdmW : AmOr{dH$m_| `mnV hmo`doHo$ H$maU g_` nyamo-nyamo Z {_bV hmo`

VmoD$ EH$ `m_ (AhmoamH$mo A>_me) {OVZo g_`H$mo Vmo ^JdXW {d{Z`moJ
H$aZmo hr, Vog| hr AmXa nydH $ lr^mJdVH$moh nmR> {Z`-{Z`_gm| H$aZmo&&232&&
Q>rH$m : OrdZ{ZdmhH$mo H$ma {XImdo h|. gdWm=H$moB H$maH$s Or{dH$m Z
hmo` Vmo ha â ^Jdgodm H$aHo$ nmN>| A{Z{f Cnm`gm| OrdZ(=`mnmam{XH$)
H$ao. (nm[adm[aH$) nanamgm|h `{X {Z{f d{m Mbr AmVr hmo` Vmo dmHw$h
N>moS> XoZmo `mo` ho. `{n ^pV_| g~ OrdZHw$ A{YH$ma ho naVw AmhmaH$s
ew{ ^ògm| gdew{, AWmV AVH$aUH$s ew{ hmo` ho. Vmgm| ewd{mgm|
Or{dH$m H$aZr.
{O{dH$mHo$ H$m`_| bJo ^ò {MmH$m| nmN>mo ^JdmZ_| bJm`doHo$ AW Cnm`
~Vmdo h| nR>oM B{V. {Z`_nydH$ lr^mJdVH$mo nmR> H$aZmo. WmoS>rh ~{h_wIVm
VrV hmo` Vmo lr^mJdVH$mo nmR> H$aZmo. ò hr ^JdmZ_| {Mm bJm`doH$mo Cnm`
ho&&232&&
EVX ÔZ_ AmVa _w`_. V `Wm ~{hÔZo {VHy$bn[a`mJ: VWm
AmVaÔZo@{n {VHy$bn[a`mJ_ Amh gd ghoV B{V.
gmYZH$aU_
473
gd
gho V
nf
gd} f m
H $ U^mdZmV &&
d a m` n[aVmo f M gd W m Z n[aÒo V &&233&&
`Wm Jh_ A`mHw$b ~{hnyOm`m H$V` VWd X`_ A`mHw$b {dYo`_.
""VWm@[a{â Z `WVo {ebr_wI:'' (^mJ.nwam.4&3&19) B{V dm`mX
Xw>mZm dMZoZ jmo^mo ^d{V. V Vm{Z dMZm{Z {hVdoZ Jmm{U. A`V
{dm{Z MoV H$maôXoZ. V Cnn{m_ Amh H$U^mdZmX B{V. H$UEd
A_mZ Cn{Xe{V ""~{h_wIV`m Z WmV`_'' B{V AW. Cm_Jw`{ejm
AZwgYo`m B{V Amh dam`_ B{V&&233&&
H$U^mdZmV=lrH$UH$s ^mdZmgm|
gd}fm=g~ZHo$, gd=g~
nf={VaH$ma
ghoV=ghZ H$ao
dam`=dam`, M=Amoa
n[aVmof=gVmofHw$
gdWm=H$moD$ H$magy
Z=Zmht, n[aÒoV=N>moS>o
^mdmW : H$moC H$Nw> H$Qw> ~mV H$ho V~ dm `pVHo$ _wIgm| ^w _oamo A{^_mZ
Xya H$[admo MmhV h| Egr ^mdZm H$[aHo$ {MmH$m| A`mHw$b am{Idmo C{MV ho.
AmV {df`Z_| dam` A mV {df`Z_| n[aVmof H$~h N>mS>Zo Zmht&&233&&
Q>rH$m : ò godm AmVar` _w` ho. AWmV Oog| lrJmOrH$mo dmh g_w_|
gdXm A{dpN>Z {_bVmo aho ho dm H$magy o_bwV hmo`H|$ gdXm lrH$U_|
_ZH$s A{dpN>Z J{V amIZm| "_mZgrgodm' ho. ò _w` ho. Oog| ~m{ha-Xohgm|
godm H$[ado_| godm{damoYr nXmWH$mo `mJ ho Eg| ^rVa-X`_| godm H$[ado_|h Omo
{damoYr hm|` CZHo$ `mJH$mo dUZ H$ao h| gd ghoV B{V.
Oog| d$ngodm H$[ado_| JhH$s `mHw$bVm Xya H$aZr Amd`H$ ho Eg| hr
AmVagodm H$[adoHo$ AW X`H$s `mHw$bVmHw$ Xya H$aZrh Amd`H$ ho. Oogmo
H$> ewHo$ ~mU bJdogm| Zmht hmo` ho Egmo Xw>ZHo$ ~MZZgm| X`_| jmo^ hmo`
ho. `{X CZHo$ dMZgm| X` `mHw$b hmo` Vmo ^rVaH$s godm (AmVÔZ) Zmht
~Z gHo$. Vmgm| Xw>dMZZH$m| AnZo {hVH$mar g_w{PHo$ gw{Z boZo. `{X do dMZ
gmYZH$aU_
474
A`V {d hm|` Vmo ""lrH$U hr _mogm| Amkm H$a| h| Ho$ ~{h_wI hmo`H|$ Zmht
ahZm|'' Eg| g_w{P boZmo. naVw X`_| jmo^ Zmht hmo`do XoZmo. Cm_ JwH$s Omo
Xmo` {ejm CZHw$ `mX amIZm| (Cm_Jw`Ho$ g~Y_| lr^mJdVHo$ 7&13&34
_|h XoIZmo). dam` Ed gVmof H$~h Zmht N>moS>Zo. AmgpV am{Idogm| H$nmoV
Oogo r-nwm{X g{hV Omb_| \$g J`mo Ego AmgpV am{Idogm| JhWr \$g
Omdo ho. Vmgm| dam` amIZm|. gVmof am{Idogm| {nbm do`m H$mVmem N>m{S>Ho$
gwInydH$ gmo` JB. Vmgm| gVmof H$~h Zmht N>moS>Zmo&&233&&
hr ""XohHo$ AV_| _| Ad` H$VmW hmoD$Jmo'' Egmo T> {ZM` am{IHo$ Ohm VmB
~Z gHo$ Vhm VmB ~mgodm-VZwOm-{dmOm VWm AmVagodm-_mZgrHw$ H$aVmo
aho. ò g~ D$na H$mo CnXoe hrZm{YH$mar VWm _`_m{YH$mar Ho$ AW ho.
Cm_m{YH$marH$m| Vmo ^JdgmjmH$ma hmo`dogm| godm_| AmZX H$Q> hmo` Omdo
ho. {\$a dmo ""{dZm_godZ OZm'' (^mJ.nwam.3&29&13) _wpVHw$h Zmht
Mmho ho. godmHw$ dVnwfmW$n _m{ZH|$ dmHo$ AmZX_| {Z_Z ^`mo gdXm godm
hr H$aVmo aho ho.
Ed ghZo ho V w ^ y V {dMma_ Amh EVX B{V.

EVX Xo h mdgmZo Vw H $ VmW `mZ Z g e `&&
B{V {ZpM` _Zgm H $ U n[aMao V gXm&&234&&
^VH$ g_`{_d XohmdgmZ_od {MVòV. EH$m{n n[aM`m gH$V H$Vm
na_nwfmWXm B{V. na {d_mZXoh` {ZH$`W gXm n[aMaoV&&234&&
Vhm _X-_`_m{YH$mar ò e>m H$a| Ho$ h_gm| gdXm Vmo godm Zmht ~Z
gHo$! VmH$mo ò Cma ho Ho$ EH$ dma H$ar ^B o_ g{hV EH$h godm na_nwfmWHw$
Xododmar ho. lr^mJdV_| {bIo h| ""gH${XQ>m{Xnwf nfmo `m{V gm`Vm_''
(^mJ.nwam.6&18&66) AW: EH$ ~oa nyOZ H$aHo$ nwf ^JdmZHo$ g_mZVmHw$
mV hmo` Omdo ho. Vhm e>m hmo` Omo EH$ godmgm| hr H$VmWVm hmo` Om`Jr V~
gdXm godm `m| H$aZmo? Egr e>m Zmht H$aZr. `m|Ho$ ~m{haH$s godm_| XohH$mo
OrdHo$ D$na ~S>mo CnH$ma ho. Vmgm| dmHo$ ~Xbo_| OrdHw$h Xohgm| godm H$am`Ho$
XohHw$ H$VmW H$aZm| `mo` ho. {Z`b`njHo$ AZwgma Xoh jU-jU_| A`
hmoVr Mbr Om` ho. CZ jU-jU_| CnZ hmo`dodmao XohZHw$ H$VmW H$[adoHo$
AW H$moB^r jU godm{dZm Zmht ahZm| M{hò. VWm XS>m{X YmaU H$aZm| Oogo
kmZrXohH$mo {ZM` H$am`dodmamo ho Vog| ^VXohH$mo {ZM` H$am`dodmar
godmho&&234&&
ZZw d Xoeo, H$W dm n[aMaoX? B{V AmH$mL>jm`m_ Amh gdmnojm_
B{V.
gdm n o j m n[a`` T> H $ dm _Z pWa_ &&
T>{ddmgVmo `w `m `Wm {go V VWmMao V &&
d W mbmn-{H $ `m-`mZ gd W d n[aÒo V &&235&&
gmnoj_ Ag_W ^dVr{V _yb ^JdXW} Wmn{`dm gmYZm^mdmX dH$`
OmV_{n {Zdm` {Mm ^Jdòd pWarH$` `Wm nw {nV[a _mV[a dm {ddmg
H$amo{V VWm T>{ddmgmo bm{H$H$`w`m `Wd nyOm {g{V VWd H$V`{_{V
bm{H$H$`wpVaod Cn{X>m. VwpV{gW dWmbmnm{XH$ mV {ZfoY{V dWmbmn
B{V. H$m`-dmL>-_Zgm d^mdV dmm {H$`m ÒoV&&235&&
gmYZH$aU_
EVXXohmdgmZo=`m XohHo$
AdgmZ ^òn|, Vw=Vmo
H$VmW:=H$VmW
`mV=hmo`Jmo (V=Vm_|)
ge`: Z (ApV)=e>m Zmht ho
B{V=Egmo
_Zgm=_Zg
{ZpM`={ZM` H$[aHo$
gXm=h_|em, H$U=H$UH$s
n[aMaoV=n[aM`m H$ao
y^mdmW : `m XohHo$ Ny>{Q>don| _moH$m| ^JdmpV {ZpMV hr hmo`Jr Egmo _Z_|

T> {ddmg am{IHo$ gdXm H$UH$s n[aM`m (ÔZ) H$aZr&&234&&
Eg| ghZ H$[adoH$mo H$maU ò ho Ho$ Oog| bmoH$_| godH$ dm_rH$s godm H$aVo
g_` ò T> {ddmg amIo ho Ho$ ""godmHo$ AV_| \$b Ad` {_boJmo. Vmgm| H$~
godm nyar hmo`-H$~ \$b {_bo'' Eg| hr ""H$mb VrjZ {d_Xmo {d_ga''
B`m{X dm`mZwgma ZmaXOr AnZr _`wH$s ~mQ> XoIVo-XoIVo ^JdV_aUH$sVZ namÙ aho Amò hVo. XohmV ^ò nrN>o ^JdnmfX hmo` Jò. `m H$ma
gmYZH$aU_
475
476
gdmnojm=g~ AnojmZH$mo
n[a``=`mJ H$[aHo$
_Z:=_ZHw$
T>=T>
H$dm=H$[aHo$
T>{ddmgVmo=T> {ddmggm|
`w`m (M)=Amoa `wpVgm|
pWa (H$dm)=pWa H$[aHo$
`Wm=Om H$magy
(_Z:T>pWa){goV=hmo`
VWm=Vog|, AmMaoV=AmMaU H$ao
dWm=AZmd`H$
Ambmn{H$`m`mZ=~mobZmo-{H$`m-`mZHw$, gdWm=g~ H$magm|
Ed={ZpMV $ngm|
n[aÒoV=nyU$ngy N>moS>o
^mdmW : H$mhgm| H$Ny> Anojm Z am{IdoV| _Z_| T>Vm {g hmoV ho. Vog| hr T>
{ddmgV| A `wpV (MmVwar)V| _Z pWa hmo` gH$V ho. gmo _ZH$s T>Vm A
pWaVm ~Zr aho Vogmo hr AmMaU H$aZmo M{hò. (H$m`m, dmUr, A _Z gm|)
dWm {H$`m, dWm Ambmn VWm dWm `mZ H$~h Z H$aZmo&&235&&
Q>rH$m : AWdm ""dYmon`moJmod[aV` ^y`mo dYmon`moJ {Vn{m- `Vo''
( ) Vhm H$moZ Xoe_| Ho$go n[aM`m H$aZr Egr AmeL>H$m ^B Vhm Amkm H$ao
h| gdmnojm_ B{V. g~ AnojmZHw$ N>m{S>Ho$ AWmV ^JdmZHo$ AW WmnZ
H$aHo$, _ZHw$ ^JdmZHo$ AW AnU H$aHo$, godmHo$ gm{h`_| Ae`Vmgm| H$moB
nXmWH$s hrZVm Xo{IHo$ X`_| Cn ^B Omo {dH$bVm dmH$mo {ZdmaU H$aHo$,
AWmV ""_mVm-{nVm nwH$mo {hV hr H$ao ho Ego ^JdmZ _oamo {hV hr H$a|J|'' Egmo
T> {ddmg H$aHo$, {MmHw$ ^JdmZ_| hr pWa H$aHo$ Oogr ar{Vgm| godm {g
hmo` dogo hr ~aVmd H$aZm|. ""_XW}dMo>m M'' (^mJ.nwam.11&19&22)
`m dm`_| ""_oao hr AW ^VZHw$ AZH$s Mo>m H$aZr M{hò'' ò Omo ^JdmZZ|
Amkm H$sZr ho `mgm| godmH$mo hr lr_wIgm| CnXoe XrZmo ho. {MmH$m| EH$mJ amIo
{~Zm H$sZr ^B godm Am{YX{dH$s Zmht hmo`. Vmgm| {MmHw$ EH$mJ amIZm|.
{OVZo_| godm-gmYZ {g hmo` CVZmo hr Cnm`MmVw` H$aZmo, A{YH$ Zmht
H$aZmo. godmW bm{H$H$ Cnm` H$[ado_| ~{h_wIVmh Zmht hmo` ho. bm{H$H$
Cnm`m{X H$aVo g_` Xoh-dmUr-_Z BZH$s dWm Mo>m Zmht H$aZr. AWmV
gmYZH$aU_
477
dmUrgm| dWm ^mfU Zmht H$aZmo. earagm| dWm Mo>m Zmht H$aZr. _Z_| dWm
bm{H$H$ nXmWZH$mo `mZ Zmht H$aZm|&&235&&
`X - `X B>V_ bmo H o $ `Mm{V{`_m_Z&&
òZ `mZ {Zd{VpMmo VV H$Uo gmYòX Ywd_&&236&&
^Jdgodm`m_{n pb> Z g_nòV. VV pb> {{dY 1.bmoH$pb>
2.Am_pb> 3.{Mmpb> M B{V. AV: Apb> {Z$`Vo. bmoHo$ `X-`X
B>V__ Am_-mjm{X, Am_Z: A`V {` XwYm{X, g_mJm}nm{OV, Z
Aòfm ^mJ$n_, {MaH$mb_ZmoaW{MpVV_, AVH$aU{`_. VoZd {Mm{Zd{ V.
BVa{ZfoYmW_ EVX CV_&&236&&
bmoHo$=bmoH$_|
{Mmo={Mm_|, òZ=Omgy
`X-`X=Omo-Omo
{Zd{V:=gZVm
B>V_=g~gy A{YH$A{^b{fV
`mV=hmo`, VX=dmo
M=VWm, `V=Omo
Ywd={ZpMV
Am_Z:=AmnwZHw$
H$Uo=H$UHo$ {Z{_m
A{V{`=A`V {`
gmYòX=bmdo
^mdmW : H$moD$ dVw AkmZ, ^_ AWdm Xw`gZ Ho$ _mohV| H$moCH$m| AmN>r
bmJVr hmo` VmoD$ bmoH$_| OmH$m| J{hV _mZr OmVr hmo` VmH$mo g_nU ^yZH$m|
Z H$aZmo, n[a bmoH$_| OmH$m| B>V_ _m`mo OmVmo hmo` gmohr dVwH$mo g_nU
^yZH$m| H$aZmo. Vog|hr nw{>^pV_mJ_| dOm{YnHo$ ^mdV| godmH$mo ^md am`mo
ho gmo dObrbm_| Omo dVw ^yZH$m| MV ho VmH$mo g_nU H$aZmo. Om dVwHo$
^Jdgodm_| g_nU H$[adoV| AVV: {Mm_| boe hmoVmo hmo` Egr Ag_mJm}nm{OV
dVyZH$mo g_nU ^wgodm_| Z H$aZmo n[a OmHo$ g_nUV| {Mm_| na_ gwI CnOVmo
hmo` VmH$mohr g_nU ^Jdgodm_| H$aZmo&&236&&
Q>rH$m : boe a{hV g_mJgm| Cnm{OV gmYZgm| godm H$aZr. A`m`gm|
AWdm boenydH$ Cnm{OV nXmWZHw$ ^JdmZHo$ AW AnU Zmht H$aZmo.
gmYZH$aU_
478
pb>nXmW VrZ H$maH$mo hmodo ho: 1.bmoH$ Om_| boe nmdo, 2.Am_m
Om_| boe nmdo Ed 3.{Mm Om_| boe nmdo. Ego nXmW ^JdmZHo$ AW AnU
Zmht H$aZ|.
AmJ| Apb> nXmWH$mo {Z$nU H$a| h|: ""`{X>V_ bmoHo$ `M{V
{`_m_Z'' (^mJ.nwam.11&11&41) ò AmYmo bmoH$ lr^mJdV
EH$mXeH$YmoV ^Jdm` ho. bmoH$_| Omo B>V_ AWmV A`V A{^bmfmHo$
`mo` Omo dVw hmo`; Oog| XmI, Am_\$b, Ho$bm Am{X; VWm Omo dVw Am_mH$m|
A`V `mar hmo` Oog| XwY, ZdZrV Am{X; ò dVwh g_mJgm| Cnm{OV H$ar
^B hm|`, A`m`, Mmoar Am{Xgm| bmB JB Z hm|`; VWm H$moBH$mo {dZ dVyZ_|
{hgm Zmht hmo`; VWm Om nXmWH$mo ~hV H$mbgm| _ZmoaW hmo` amo hmo`; Om
nXmWHo$ mV hmo`dogm| {Mm_| AmZX Amdo-Eg| nXmW ^JdmZHw$ AnU H$aZ|.
BZgm| BVa nXmWZH$mo {ZfoY H$[adoHo$ AW ò H$WZ {H$`mo ho&&236&&
godm _w`m, ZVw nyOo{V __mnyOmnamo Z ^doX B{V AmeòZ Amh d`
n[aMaoX B{V.
d` n[aMao X ^`m djmbZm{X{^&&
EH$H$mb {H$mb dm {H$mb dm{n ny O ò V &&237&&
Y_mWV m `mdV`{V ^`m B{V. djmbZ_ A{V~{ha{_{V VXJh U_.
YmZmdmm Am{Z AmdVVB{V YmZmd{m_ Amh EH$H$mb_ B{V. AZoZ
~hH$mb_{n nyOZ {Z${nV_&&237&&
djmbZm{X{^:=d YmoZo
B`m{X$n ~{hagodm
d`=Amnw, ^`m=o_gm|
(^JdV=^JdmZH$m|)
n[aMaoV=n[aM`m/godm H$ao
EH$H$mb=EH$ g_`
{H$mb=Xmog_`
dm=AWdm, {H$mb=VrZ g_`
dm=AWdm, A{n=h
nyOòV=godm H$ao
gmYZH$aU_
479
^mdmW : lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ qghmgZ, IS>-nmQ>, MmoH$s, e`m Am{XHo$ dZH$mo

jmbZ, Vog|B ^moJ Y[adoHo$ nmZHw$ _mOZmo, Vog| _Q>H$s_| Ob âZmo Am{X godm
d`_od ^pV^mdgm| H$aZr. Ho$db mV:H$mb_| AWdm mV:-_`mh `m|
Xmo` {~[a`m AWdm mV:-_`mh-gm` `m| Vr`mohr {~[a`m ^Jdgodm
H$aZr&&237&&
Q>rH$m : godm _w` ho, nyOm _w` Zmht ho. Vmgm| godm`mo` nXmWZH$mo gM`
H$[ado_| n[al_ nS>Vmo g_wPH|$ godm N>mo{S>Ho$ Ho$db _Zgm| _Z_| nyOm H$[ado_|
namÙ Zmht hmo` OmZm|.
""AmXa n[aM`m`m_'' (^mJ.nwam.11&19&21)
""{dZm_godZ OZm'' (nyddV)
""godmZwaV_Zgm_^dmo{n \$Jw'' (^mJ.nwam.5&14&44)
B`m{XH$ dm`Z_| godm hr _w` amIr ho. AmJo gmYZ_| nyOm H$[adoH$mo
CnXoe {H$`mo ho Vhmh ^JdmZHo$ g_rn pWV hmo`Ho$ d, Ab>ma Am{X YmaU
H$am`doH$s Omo YmZ godm ho dmH$mo "nyOm'eXgm| JhU H$aZmo, doXmoV VWm
VmoV nyOmH$mo dhm JhU Zmht ho. dm nyOmH$mo H$ma VWm \$b godmHo$ H$ma\$bgm| {^Z ho. ja-Ajagm| Cm_ Omo na~ nwfmom_ lrH$U h| gmo Ho$db
^pVgm| hr mV hmodo h|.
""Zm`_m_m dMZoZ b`mo Z _oY`m'' (H$R>.Cn.2&23)
""Zmh doXZ Vngm Z XmZoZ Z Mo``m'' (^J.JrVm11&23)
""Z amoY`{V _m `moJmo Z gm Y_ Cd!,
Z dm`m`: Vn`mJ'' (^mJ.nwam.11&12&1)
B`m{X lw{V-_{V-nwamUZHo$ dm`Zgm| `k, XmZ, nyOm, Vn, `moJ Am{X
{OVZ| gmYZ ho CZgm| na~H$s mpV Zmht hmo` ho ò ~mV {g hmodo ho.
""^`mh_oH$`m Jm'' (Vd11&14&21)
""^`d Vw{>_ò{V'' (Vd)
""Y_mZ g``` ` gdmZ
gmYZH$aU_
480
_m ÔoV g gm_'' (Vd11&11&32),

""V_mV d_wdmog` MmoXZm {VMmoXZ_'' (Vd11&12&14)
B`m{X ^JdmZHo$ dm`Zgm| ^pVH$[aH|$ hr nwfmom_ na~H$s mpV
hmo` ho ò {gmV ho. Vhm "^pV'eX ""Ô godm`m_'' YmVwgm| {g hmo`
ho. Vmgm| "^pV'Zm_ godmH$mo ho. lw{V-_{V-VZ_| dm godmH$mo H$ma
{XIm`mo ho Ego _m`mo Om` Vmo lw{V-_{VHo$ H$ho ^ò A` gmYZZgm|
na~mpVH$mo {ZfoY ho Vog| ^pVmamh na~mpVH$mo {ZfoY {g hmo`Jmo.
`{X Ego hr _mZ| Vmo ""^`mh_oH$`m Jm'' (nyddV) B`m{X dm`Z_|
""EH$ ^pVmam hr _oar mpV hmo` ho'' ò {bIr ho Vmgm| {damoY Amdo ho. Vmgm|
lw{V-_{V-VZ_| _w` ^pVH$mo {dYmZ Zmht ho. lrH$UZ|h
""^pV`moJ nwadmoV'' (Vd11&19&19)
""VmZm{dXZ _`Zwg~{Y` d_m_mZ_XVWoX_''
(Vd11&12&12)
""Ho$dboZ{h ^mdoZ Jmo`mo Jmd IJm _Jm'' (Vd11&12&8)
B`m{X dm`Zgm| doX_m{X{d{Ygm| a{hV ~OdmgrZH$s ^pVHw$ _w`
amIr ho. Oog| EH$ dm_rHo$ Xmo godH$ h|. EH$ godH$ _m{gH$ ` bodoHo$ AW
Om H$m`H$s dm_r Amkm H$aVmo Omdo ho dm H$m`Hw$ dmo H$aVmo Omdo ho. Xygamo
godH$ g~ H$m_Zm N>m{S>Ho$ dm_rH$s godmHw$ hr na_\$b _m{ZHo$, AmkmH$s
Anojm Z am{IHo$, dm_rH$s A{^bmfmHo$ AZwgma AmJo-gw-AmJ| o_nydH$ gd
godm H$ao ho. n{hbo godH$Ho$ g_mZ d{XH$-VmpH$ ^pVdmaoHw$ g_wPZmo. AWmV
Oogo-Oogo doX VWm V _| ^JdmZ nyOm H$[adoH$s Amkm H$a| h| dmHo$ AZwgma
dmo godH$ dJm{X AWdm _wpV Am{X nXmWHo$ AW nyOm H$aVmo Omdo ho. Xygao
godH$Ho$ g_mZ A{d{hV o_bjUm ^pV H$[adodmaoHw$ g_wPZm|. Oogo èmoXmOr
Am{X Jmon-Jmonr doX-Vm{XH$_| nyOm H$[adoH$s Oogr Amkm ho dmH$s Anojm Z
am{IHo$ lrH$UMH$s A{^bmfmHo$ AZwgma Zohgm| godm H$aVo hVo. ewH$XodOrZoh
""Zm` gwImnmo ^JdmZ'' (^mJ.nwam.10&9&21) ""Zo_ {d[a#mmo Z ^dmo''
(Vd10&9&20) B`m{X bmoH$Z_| {d{hV^pV H$[adodmao ~mm{XH$ZH$s
Anojm o_bjUm ^pV H$[adodmar èmoXmH$s egm H$ar ho. naVw ò ^pV
Ohm VmB o_ Zmht hmo` VWm ^wZHo$ A{^m`Hw$ Zmht Om`m| Om` Vhm VmB
Zmht ~Z gHo$ ho. Vhm VmB doX-VmZwgma nyOm Ad` H$aVo ahoZmo. `m _w`
gmYZH$aU_
481
^pV_mJ_| Amò OrdZHw$ Ohm VmB o_mam ^wH$mo A{^m` {d{XV Zmht hmo`
Vhm VmB {OZ ^VZHw$ ^wZH$mo A{^m` {d{XV ho, {OZHo$ AmYrZ ^w hmo`
aho h| CZHo$ AmMaUZHo$ AZwgma AmMaU H$aZmo M{hò. ""Xodmgwa_Zwòfw
_X^VmM[aVm{Z M'' (Vd10&28&1) Oogo do godm H$a| dogo hr godm
H$aZmo M{hò. Vhm d` ew hmo`H|$ VWm godmHo$ gmYZ Jh-`m{XH$ZHw$ ew
H$aHo$ H$Ugodm H$aZmo.
""B> Xm Vnmo OV {dm `Mm_Z {`_,
XmamZ gwVmZ JhmZ mUmZ `V na_ {ZdoXZ_,
_{` gOm`Vo ^pV: Cdm_{Zdo{XZm_''
(Vd11&19&24) B`m{X ^mJdVHo$ dm`mZwgma r, nw, `, Xohm{X
g{hV Am_mHw$ ^JdmZHo$ AmJ| {ZdoXZ H$[adogm| ò g~ nXmW ew hmo` Omdo
h| ò hr Am_{ZdoXZH$mo H$ma lrdb^mMmÒrHo$ {V gmjmV ^JdmZZo
n{dm EH$mXerHo$ {XZm am{_| Amkm {H$`mo ho dmo lrdb^mMmÒrZo
"{gmVah`'_| dUZ {H$`mo ho. {ZdoXZ H$[adogm| g~ nXmW_|gm| AnZm| g~Y
Xya hmo` Omdo ho. ~g~Yr AWmV ""g~ nXmW ^JdmZHo$ h|'' Egr ~w{ hmo`
Om` V~ godmH$s `mo`Vm hmo` ho. Vm nrN>o nyU ^VZZ| Oog| ^wZH$s BN>mZwgma
godmHo$ H$_ ~mYo h| CZHo$ AZwgma KQ>m, eZmX Am{Xgm| bo`H|$ e`Z n`V
godm H$aZm|. Vhm KQ>m-eZmXm{XH$ doX-VmZwgma `m _mJ_| `m| hmod| h|?
Egr e>m Zmht H$aZr. ^Jd{XN>mZwgma hr eZmXm{X H$_ AmMm`ZZ| ~mYo
h|, VmZwgma Zmht h|. g:
W_ lrZmWOrHo$ `hm eZmX Zht hmoVo hVo. EH$ {XZ
lr{dQ>R>bZmWOrZ| gmOH$s godm H$[adoHo$ AW _pXaHo$ qH$dmS> Imobo
dm g_` lrZmWOrH$mo ~mJm \$Q> amo hVmo. ò Xo{IH|$ {dMma H$[ado
bmJo. BVZo_| Jmo{dXXmgZ| Am`H|$ H$hr ""_hmamO! lrZmWOr `m_T>mH$nogm|
Hy${XHo$ nYmao dm g_` ~mJm \$Q> J`mo ho. H$Nw> Qy>H$ `m_T>mH$n| bQ>H$
amo hVmo VmHw$ bm`moh''.
dm {XZgm| eZmX VrZ ~oa H$aZm| Vm nmN>| 10 nb R>h[aHo$ _pXaHo$
gmYZH$aU_
482
qH$dmS> ImobZmo Egmo H$_ ma^ ^`mo. `m H$ma {OVZm| godmH$_ ho gmo g~
^JdmZH$s A{^bmfmHo$ AZwgma ~`mo ^`mo ho. Cm_m{YH$mar OrdHw$ ah`JWHo$
Xo{Idogm| \w$Q> hmo` Omdo ho. Vmgm| ZohnydH$ d` AnZo hmWZgm| lr^wZHo$
d-Obme`no Om`Ho$ YmoZ|, CndZ_|gm| \$b-nwnm{XH$ `mdZ|, godmHo$
A{V~{ha gmYZHw$h AnZo hmWZgw H$aZm|. Oog| H$N>m{XH$ZHo$ Cndmg H$>
nm`Ho$h Y_mpVHo$ AW H$aZ| nS>o h| `m H$ma Y_{g{$n `moOZ {dMm[aHo$
godm Zmht H$aZr. Oogo r {`n{VH$s godm Zohgm| H$ao ho Egr r{VnydH$ AnZo
Ahmo^m` g_w{PH|$ mU{` ^wZH$s godm H$aZt.
gmYZmdWm_| aho ^ò ^VHw$ ^yZHw$ A_wH$ dVw ArH$ma H$amZr ò
Ho$g| _mbw_ nS> gHo$? ò e>m Vmo Zmht H$aZr. `m|Ho$ {gmdWm ^ò nrN>o Vmo
^w d` AZw^d OVmd|Jo. Ohm VmB Egmo A{YH$ma Zmht ho Vhm VmB
""`Mm@{V{`_m_Z'' (ny d d V ) ""VmZ {Zdo X ò Z __ ' '
(Vd11&11&42) B`m{X dm`mZwgma Om nXmW_| AnZr {` g_wPHo$ BN>m
hmo` dm nXmWHw$ ^wH$m| ArH$ma H$amdZmo. AWmV Ohm VmB gmjmV AZw^d
Zmht hmo` Vhm VmB ^VHo$ X`_| pWV hmo`Ho$ AnZ| ArH$ma H$[adoHo$ AW
CZ-CZ nXmWZ_| ^VH$s BN>m H$amd| h|.
dY_m: ApZhmomX`:. {dY_m: {Z{fm. Z A e`m B{V, gdWm

{Z{f Z H$V`_. Bp`mòd Adm:. EVZ {ZJh: B>XoemnH$. EVV `
H$sS>mW_{n Z ÒoV&&238&&
e`m=epV AZwgma
dY_mMaU=dY_H$mo AmMaU
Bp`md-{d{ZJmh:=
Bp`$nr AdZn| Aw>e
(EVV)`=ò VrZ
{dY_mV={dY_gm|
{ZdVZ_=Xya ahZmo, M=Amoa
gdWm=H$moC H$magm|/H$~h
Z ÒoV=Zmht N>moS>Zo
^mdmW : AnZr epVHo$ AZw$n emmoV dUml_m{X Y_ZH$mo AZw>mZ H$aZmo,

{VZH$mo bmon Z H$aZmo. em{d H$_ZV| gdWm ~MZmo. Vog|B nmM H$_}p`,
nmM kmZop` A AV:H$aU ò `mah Ad$n h|. gmo BZH$s bJm_ hmW_|
Z amIo V~ ò BZno AmamohU H$adodmar Ordm_mHy$ nQ>H$ XoV h|. gmo BZ
Vr`moZH$mo `mJ Z H$aZmo&&238&&
A {Z`H$_mXrZm_ Ad_ Amh dY_mMaU_ B{V.

dY_m M aU e`m {dY_m V M {ZdV Z _ &&
Bp`md{d{ZJ m h gd W m Z Òo V `_ &&238&&
Q>rH$m : {Z`H$_m{XH$ dY_ZHw$ godmHo$ A g_w{PH|$ {dZH$m| godmHo$ AdH$me_|

H$aZmo . ""Y_m} _X ^ pVH $ mo V'' (^mJ.nw a m.11&19&27)
""lo`mo{^{d{dYMm` H$Uo ^pV{h gm`Vo'' (Vd10&47&24)
B`m{XH$Z_| dUml_m{X g~ Y_ZHw$ lrH$UM_| ^pV {g hmoòdoHo$ AW
H$aZo ò ~mV n> {bIr ho. Xoh-`Ho$ gm_`Ho$ AZwgma ApZhmom{XH$ Y_
H$aZo. gm_` hmoVo Ord Zmht Nw>nmdZmo. {dY_ Amoa {Z{fY_ H$mo AmMaU
H$~h Zmht H$aZmo. {Z{f H$m`Hw$ gdWm Zmht H$aZm|. Bp`$n KmoS>mZHw$ amoHo$
ahZm|. Oog| KmoS>mHw$ A` amoH$H|$ EH$ _mJ_| hr Mbm`mo Om` V~ A{^b{fV
Xoe_| bo Om` ho (Vog| Bp`ZHo$ g ~aVmd H$aZm|). AWmV _hmamOmonMmagm|
^Jdgodm H$ao. nmN>| ^JdmZHo$ gmXr ZmZmÒZZHw$ ^VZHw$ XoH|$ AnZ|
^moOZ H$aZmo. CZ ÒZZH$w ""AmXm_{dewX `W_' ' (^mJ.nwam.6&19&20)
B`m{X ^mJdV dMZmZwgma ""ò Am_ew{ H$[adodmamo _hmgmX ho'' Egr ~w{
amIZr. ""OrdmH$s gZVmHo$ AW ^moOZ H$h'' Egr ~w{ Z amIZr. VWm
gmYZH$aU_
gmYZH$aU_
YmZH$s Amd{m hmo`dogm| dmHo$ AZH$sh Amd{m hmo` ho. Vhm YmZ=godm
Omo dmb>ma-Zdom{X g_nU$n nyOm ho dmH$s Amd{m H$aZm|. EH$ H$mb, Xmo
H$mb AWdm mV-_`mZ-gm` `m H$ma {H$mb nyOZ H$aZmo. A{YH$ Zoh
hmo` Vmo ~hH$mbh nyOZ H$ao. AWmV g_`mZwgma ZmZm^m{VHo$ ÒZZH$m|
AZoH$dma ArH$ma H$amdo. Oog| Om _mVmH$mo nwn| Zoh hmo` ho dmo nwHo$ bmbZnmofU_| {XZHw$ `VrV H$ao ho, jUâ_| Xya hmoZmo XwI$n g_wPo ho, dm H$ma
o_bwV ^V ^wgodmHo$ {d`moJH$m| XwI$n g_wPo ho&&237&&
483
484
AmJogm| AmN>r gm_Jr ^wZH$m| AnU H$[adoHo$ AW AN>o-~wao ÒZZH$s

narjmHo$ AW g~ gm_JrZH$mo dmX boZmo. AnZr Y_nZrHo$ gmWh Bp`H$s
gZVmHo$ AW H$^r g Zmht H$aZmo {H$Vw godm_| {MmHo$ CoJ H$[adodmao
H$m_H$s {Zd{mHo$ AW g H$aZm|.
ò VrZm| H$_ H$sS>mHo$ AWh H$~h Zht N>moS>Zo. AmgpV BZ VrZm|ZH$s
~mY H$[adodmar ho. Omo H$Nw> BZ VrZm|ZH$mo {damoYr hmo` dmHw$ erK N>moS> XoZm|.
gm_m` dMZ Y_m{XH$ZH$mo CnbjU ho. AWmV Y_m{XH$Ho$ AWh 1.dY_mMaU
2.{dY_gm| {ZdVZ 3.Bp`{d{ZJh BZ VrZm|ZH$m| Zmht N>moS>Z|. A`Wm
namonH$mamW Bp`{ZJhHo$ `mJH$mo g^d hmo`Jmo&&238&&
g: `mUm ~mYH$. VV n[aÒoX B{V Amh EV{amo{Y B{V.
EV{amo { Y `pH$pMV Vmw erK n[aÒo V &&
Y_m X rZm VWm Mm` VmaV` {dMma`Z &&239&&
gm_m`dMZ Y_mXrZm_ CnbjU_. namW_{n Bp`{ZJhm^mdg^dmV.
nyOm{damo{Y Y_m{XH$Vw `V`_od B{V A {dMma_ Amh Y_mXrZm_ B{V.
^JdXÔZ` _moj \$b namonH$mam{X-gdY_mUm_{n j{`dod \$b_. AV
C^`mo: AVa kmdm namonH$mam{XY_m Z H$V`m `{X nyOm{damo{YZmo ^dpV&&239&&
`pH$pMX=Omo H$Nw>
EVX{damo{Y (MoV)=`mHo$
{damo{Y hm|`, Vmw={dZH$m| Vmo
erK=PQ>gm|, n[aÒoV=`mJo
VWmM=A
Y_mXrZm=Y_ Am{XH$mo
M=Amoa
A`=`mH$mo(^JdOZ`)
VmaV`=D$M-ZrM,{dMma`Z=
{~Mma H$[aHo$(EVX ^JdXÔZ{damo{Y
Y_m{XH$_{n)erK=PQ>gm
n[aÒoX=`mJo
^mdmW : {OZ Xoe-H$mb-`md{m-r-nwf-JWm{XH$ZHo$ gJ H$[adoV|

dY_mMaU, {dY_{ZdVZ VWm Bp`{ZJh V| {damo{Y^md X`_| CnOV hm|`
gmYZH$aU_
485
Ego g~{hZH$mo n[a`mJ H$aZmo. Vog|B dY_mMaU, {dY_{ZdVZ AWdm

Bp`{ZJhh H$h-H$~hH$ ^JdXÔZ_| ~mYH$ ~ZVo hm|` Vmo Y_ VWm Y_u
Ho$ VmaV`H$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ {VZhH$mo `mJ H$aZmo.
Q>rH$m : VWm nyOm{damo{Y Y_m{XH$H$moh `mJ H$aZmo. `m {df`_| {dMma dUZ
H$ao h|. ^JXÔZH$mo \$b AMb _moj ho. namonH$mam{X gd Y_ZH$mo \$b
j`dmao dmJm{XH$ h|. Vmgm| nyOm VWm gdY_ZH$mo AVa Om{ZHo$ nyOmHo$
{damo{Y namonH$mam{X Omo Y_ hm|` Vmo CZH$m|h N>moS> XoZ|, godmHw$ N>moS>Ho$ Zmht
H$aZo, AdH$me_| H$aZo&&239&&
A _mJ} nyOmgmYZmZm_ AZwdmm H$maU_ Amh `Wm-`Wm B{V.
`Wm-`Wm h[a H $ Umo _Z`m{deVo {ZOo &&
VWm-VWm gmYZo f w n[a{Z>m {ddY V o &&240&&
ldU-H$sVZm{XZm h[aMoX Xò {Z{deVo VXm nyOm gdXm {Zdh{V B{V
AW&&240&&
h[a:=^VZHo$ Xw:I h[adodmao
H$U:=lrH$U
`Wm-`Wm=Oog|-Oog|
{ZOo=AnZo
_Z{g=_Z_|
Am{deVo=doe H$ao h|
VWm-VWm=Vog|-Vog|
gmYZofw=gmYZZ_|
n[a{Z>m=nyU {Z>m
{ddYVo=AmN>r ^m{Vgm| ~T>o ho
^mdmW : ^pVH$s gd{dY ~mYmZH$y hadodmao h[a VWm ^pV^mdH$mo d$nmZXgy

nmofU H$adodmao H$U AnZo _Z_| Oog|-Oog| A{YH$ doe H$aV h| Vog|-Vog|
^pVHo$ gmYZ_| ^VH$s n[a{Z>m dqJV hmoV OmV ho&&240&&
Q>rH$m : `m _mJ_| nyOmHo$ gmYZZH$s AZwd{m hmo`do_| H$maU ~Vmd| h| `Wm-`Wm
B{V. Oog|-Oog| ldU-H$sVZm{XH$Zgm| X`_| ^JdmZH$mo Amdoe hmo` ho Vog|gmYZH$aU_
486
Vog| YmZ=godmHo$ gmYZZ_| lm ~T>Vr Mbr Om` ho. AWmV ^JdmZH$mo O~

nyU Amdoe hmo` Omdo ho V~ gdXm g~ H$mb_| YmZ=godmH$mo {Zdmh hmo`do
bJ Om` ho&&240&&
A ~mYH$mZm {deof_ Amh H$Uo gdm_Ho$ B{V.
H $ Uo gdm _Ho $ {Z` gd W m XrZ^mdZm&&
Ah>ma Z Hw $ duV _mZmno j m {ddO ` o V &&241&&
_Z{g d` XrZVm ^mdZr`m. gdm{Y>mZofw gdbmoHo$fw M ` ^JdX~w{:
^d{V ~w{M H$V`m. A`H$VH$mn_mZo@{n Z Ah>ma Hw$`mV. ^JdV
gH$memZ _mZmnojm M dOòV&&241&&
gdm_Ho$=g~ZHo$ Am_m$n
H$Uo=H$U_|,
{Z`={Z`
gdWm=g~ H$magm|
XrZ^mdZm (H$V`m)=
XrZVmH$mo ^md H$aZmo

Ah>ma=A{^_mZ
Z Hw$duV=Zmht H$aZmo
_mZmnojm(M)=Amoa
_mZH$s Anojmh, {ddOòV=N>moS>Zr
EVV {gW_ Cnm`_ Amh gdWm VXJwUmbmn_ B{V.

gd W m
Vw U mbmn
Zm_mo MmaU_o d
dm&&
g^m`m_{n Hw $ duV {Z^ ` mo {Z:n h g VV&&242&&
gdWm gd ^JdXwH$fdUZo nydm}V {g{V. X`mZm gpZYmZo@{n
{Z^`. \$bm^mdm` {Znh: VV: B{V&&242&&
VV:=Vmgm|
gdWm=gd H$magm|
{Z^`:=^` a{hV
{Znh:(^ydm)=nhma{hVhmo`Ho$
g^m`m_=g~ OZZHo$ g_wI
A{n=h
VXJwUmbmn=dmHo$ JwUZH$mo JmZ
dm=AWdm
Zm_moMmaU_=Zm_H$mo CMma
Hw$duV=H$ao, Ed=hr
^mdmW : Vmgm| gdWm {Z^` VWm {Znh hmo`Ho$ g^m_|h ^JdXJwUmoH$f

Kmo{fV H$aZmo AWdm ^JdZm_moMmaU H$aV ahZmo&&242&&
^mdmW : lrH$U gdm}nmXmZ, gdmYma VWm gdmV`m_r hmo`doV| gdm_H$ h|.

Vmgm| gdXm-gdWm-gd XrZ hmo`Ho$ ahoZmo. H$mhH$m| AnZmo Ah>ma Z OVmdZmo.
Vog|B ""_| XrZ hmo`Ho$ ahV hm|, Ah>mah H$aV Zmht VmV| _moH$m| _mZ {_{bdmo
M{hò'' Egr Anojmh Zmht amIZr&&241&&
Q>rH$m : ò {g hmo`doHo$ Cnm`H$mo dUZ H$ao h|. gXm ^JdmZHo$ JwUZH$mo JmZ
AWdm ^JdmZHo$ Zm_H$mo CMmaU g^m_|h {Z^`-{Znh hmo`Ho$ H$aVo ahZmo.
AWmV g~ {R>H$mZ| ^JdmZH$mo CH$fdUZ H$[adogm| nydm}V {g hmo` ho. Vmgm|
Amgwa OrdZHo$ g_rnh \$bH$s BN>m N>m{S>Ho$ ^JdmZH$mo CH$fdUZ H$aVmo
aho&&242&&
Q>rH$m : A^r m` ldU-H$sVZm{XH$ H$[adodmaoZHo$ X`_|h ^JdmZH$mo

Amdoe Zmht hmo` ho. òhr H$maU ho Ho$ ldU-H$sVZm{XH$ nyao ~Z Zmht gH|$ h|.
Vmgm| ldU-H$sVZm{XHo$ ~mYH$ZH$mo `mJ dUZ H$ao h| H$Uo gdm_Ho$ B{V.
_Z_| gXm XrZVm amIZr. g~ {R>H$mZ| OS> dVyZ_| VWm g~ bmoH$Z_| g~
OrdZ_| ^JdX~w{ H$aZr. Amoa `{X H$moB AnZmo An_mZ H$ao VWm{n Ah>ma
Zmht H$aZmo. ^JdmZgm| AnZr _mZH$s Anojm Zmht amIZr&&241&&
Ho$db Zm_moMmaUmXo H$Xm{MX AgmYH$d_{n ^do{X{V _w` gmYZ_

Amh gmYZ na_oV{ B{V.
gmYZ
na_o V {
lr^mJdV_mXamV &&
nR>Zr` `Zo Z {Zh} V w H $_ AX^V&&243&&
gdXm lr^mJdVH$sVZoZ nydm}V {g{V&&243&&
gmYZH$aU_
gmYZH$aU_
487
488
EVX=ò, {h={ZM` hr
na=lo>, gmYZ=Cnm`
{Zh}VwH$_=hoVw {dZm
AX^V:=X^ {dZm
AmXamV=AmXagm|
lr^mJdV=lr^mJdV _hmnwamU
`ZoZ=`Z nydH$
nR>Zr`_=nT>Zmo M{hò
^mdmW : ^pV^mdHo$ dYZmW ^JdXJwUZH$mo JmZ VWm ^JdZm_moMmaU

V|h _wI gmYZ {Zh}VwH$ (bmoH$monH$ma AWdm nmfS> H$[adoHo$ hoVwgm| Zmht)
AX^ (CXaâr H$Wm_| AlwnmVm{XHo$ ^mdwH$VmXeZHo$ X^gm| Zmht),
AmXa^mdgm| {Z`{Z`_Ho$ `ZV| (_`mXm_mJu` Umbrdmar YwYwH$mar_moMH$
gVmh-H$WmHo$ ldUHo$ {Z`_gm| Zmht!) lr^mJdVH$mo nmR> H$aZmo&&243&&
Ho$db Zm_moMmaUm{XH$ H$Xm{MV gmYH$ Zmht hm|` Vmo _w` gmYZH$mo dUZ
H$a| h| gmYZ na_ B{V.
gdXm lr^mJdVH$mo H$sVZ H$[adogw nydm}V {g hmo` ho. Vmgm| ò {h na_
gmYZ ho Ho$ H$nQ> N>m{S>Ho$, H$m_Zm N>m{S>Ho$, AmXanydH$, `Z H$aHo$
lr_X^mJdVOrH$mo nmR> gdXm H$aVo ahZm|. BVZo H$WZgm|
""lm ^mJdVo emo {ZXm_ A` Mm{n {h''
(^mJ.nwam.11&3&26)
""gd^yVofw __{V'' (^mJ.nwam.11&19&21)
""dMgm _wUoaU_'' (^mJ.nwam.11&19&22)
B`m{X EH$mXeH$YHo$ dm`ZH$mo {gmVdUZ {H$`mo&&243&&
A dUd_mJ} doX_mJ{damoYmo ` VZ Z H$V`_ `{X A{Z`mo Y_m}
^doV. {Zò@{n doX{damoY gmoT>`: B{V Amh: eL>I-MH$m{XH$ Ym`_ B{V.
eL > I-MH $ m{XH $ Ym` _ X m ny O m_o d VV &&
Vw b grH$m>Om _mbm {VbH $ {b_o d VV &&244&&
gmYZH$aU_
489
""d{Zd Vw g`wV MH$_mXm` dUd, YmaòV gddUmZm

h[agmbmo`H$m``m'' B{V VV_wmYmaU H$m`_. ""e-MH$ _Xm `Vw
Hw$`mV VVm`goZ dm, g eydX ~{hH$m` gd_mX {OH$_U'' B{V
_{V{damoYM. ""em{X{MZa{hV nyOm `Vw g_mMaoV, {Z\$b nyOZ
V` h[aMm@{n Z Vw`{V''. AVmo _Xm e-MH$m{XYmaU nyOmdmX Ad`
H$V`_. {ZfoYVw Ho$dbEd, Z nmfS>dgnmXH$. _Xm {ZfoY_ CnH$`
VVm`go n`dgmZdMZmV M. {H$M, ~mU` YmaU {Z{f_, dUd` M
{d{hV_. V ~mUMoX dUdmo ^doV, V nydmV na~br`d`mòZ dMZ{_{V
dUdY_mZwgaU H$V`_.
ZM nmfS>dg^d. ""qH$ nwZa ~mUm nw`m:'' (^J.JrVm.9&33)
B{V dm`mV _mU-_o``mo _o` ~{b>_ B{V M doX{Z{fXodVmnadEd
nmfS>d_ B{V pW{V. Y_{damoYmo Z A ~mYH$. VV: CV eMH$m{XH$
_Xm nyOmdoZ Ym`_ B{V. VWm VwbgrH$m>Om _mbm{n Ym`m. V`m `{n Z
{Z`d VWm{n dUdd`m{nH$m nanam{gm. VXwbZo nman` ~mòVo{V
{Z`Vw`m _mbm.
{H$M, ""Yma`pV Z ò _mbm hVwH$m nmn~w`, ZaH$mZ Z {ZdVVo
XYm H$moYmpZZm hao'' B{V dMZmZ {Z`d_{n.
{VbH$ M, ""XS>mH$ma bbmQ>o `mV nmH$ma Vw dj{g, doUwn{Z^
~mdmoa A`X XrnmH${Va ^doX'' B{V {VbH$ _mbm M `kmondrVdX
dUdd~moYH$_&&244&&
eL>IMH$m{XH$=eL>I-MH$Am{X VwbgrH$m>Om=VwbgrHo$ H$m>gm|
_Xm=_mQ>rgy
~Zr ^B, _mbm=_mbm
Ym`=YmaU H$aZo, VV=dmo
{VbH$ (M)=A {VbH$
nyOm_od=godmHo$ A^yV
{b_od=dUdHo$A{Zdm`{M
(^d{V=hmo` h|)
VX (^d{V)=hmo` h|
gmYZH$aU_
490
^mdmW : eL>I, MH$, JXm, n, A>mjam{X _ZH$s _wm YmaU H$aZr. gmo
H$mhoV|? Vhm H$hV h| Omo _wmYmaU H$ao {~Zm ^JdnyOZ {Z\$b hmoV ho Vmgm|
_wmYmaU nyOZH$mo A ho. Vog|B VwbgrH$m>H$s _mbm A {VbH$ AnZr
dUdVmH$mo {MZ ho. Vmgm| dUddHo$ Am_Jmadgm| {VbH$_mbmH$mo YmaUh
Ad`H$V` ho&&244&&
Q>rH$m : `m dUd_mJ_| {Z`gw {^Z gH$m_ Y_Z_| Ohm doX{damoY hmo` dmo Y_
Zmht H$aZmo. ^pV_mJHo$ {Z`Y_Z_| Vmo doX{damoYh g{h boZmo. Oog| d^yfUYmaU VWm Zdom{XH$ g_nU Am{X _w` godm H$[ado_| g`mApZhmom{XH$H$mo H$mb Zmht gmY gHo$ Vmo Egmo doX{damoY g{h boZm|. O~
AdH$me hmo` V~ g`m=ApZhmom{X H$_ H$aZ|. VmH$mo dUZ H$a| h|
eMH$m{XH$_ B{V.
am_mZwO-_mdm{XH$ZH$o _mJgm| `m _mJ_| ~m{haHo$ H$ma {df`_| {dbjUVm
{XImd| h|. ""dpZZd Vw g`wV_'' `m bmoH$H$mo AW : ApZ g{hV MH$Hw$
boH|$ dUd YmaU H$ao, g~ dUZH$m| ^JdmZHo$ gmbmo`H$s H$m_ZmHo$ AW. `m
bmoH$_| VV_wmYmaU H$m` ~Vm`mo ho. ""eMH$ _Xm'' `m bmoH$H$mo
AW: ""e-MH$ZHw$ _{mH$mgm| AWdm VmVo bmohgm| Omo H$ao ho dmo eyHo$ Vw`
gnyU {OH$_gm| ~m{ha {ZH$m{gdo `mo` ho'' `m _{VH$mo {damoYh ho.
""em{X{Ma{hV'' `m dm`H$mo AW: ""e-MH$m{XH$Zgm| a{hV Omo nyOm
H$a| h| dmH$mo nyOZ {Z\$b ho. ^JdmZh Vw> Zmht hmo` h|''. W_ bmoH$_| H$m`d
VWm {Vr` bmoH$_| {Z{fd {b`mo ho. {VZgw VVr` bmoH$gm| mV
{Z`dH$mo ~mY Zmht hmo` ho. Vmgm| nyOmHo$ A g_w{PH|$ _{mH$mgm| eMH$m{XH$ZH$mo YmaU Ad` H$aZm|. {ZfoY ho gmo Vmo nyOm {dZm Ho$db eMH$m{X YmaUH$mo ho. nyOm g_w{PH|$ YmaU H$[adodmaoZHw$ nmfpS>d gnmXH$
Zmht ho. _{mH$m{XH$Ho$ {ZfoYH$mo CnH$_ H$aHo$ VVbmohgm| MH$m{X YmaU
H$[ado_| n`dgmZdMZ ho. Vmgm| VV_wm YmaU_| hr {ZfoYH$s mpV ho, godm
g_w{PHo$ _{mH$mgm| MH$m{X YmaUH$mo {ZfoY Zmht ho.
gmYZH$aU_
491
{H$M, {Vr` bmo H $gm| ~ m UHw $ em{X YmaU {Z{f ho .

""em{X{Ma{hV'' `m VVr` bmoH$gy dUdHw$ em{X YmaUH$mo {dYmZ
ho. Vhm ~mU `{X dUd hmo` Vmo dmHw$ ""nydgm| na ~bdmZ ho A`Wm
na{dYmZ `W hmo`Jmo'' `m `m`Ho$ AZwHy$b dUdY_Ho$ AZwgma dVmd H$aZmo
`mo` ho. {ZfoYH$ _{V Vmo dUdY_ a{hV Ho$db gH$ma_m dmao ~mU_|
M[aVmW ho.
e>m: ~mUH$m| dUdY_mMaU H$[ado_| nmfpS>dH$mo g^d hmo`Jmo?
Cma: ""qH$ nwZa ~mUm nw`m'' (^J.JrVm9&33) `m JrVmdm`_|
~mUH$mo dUdY_gm| {ZgXoh Cma hmoZm| {b`mo ho. _mU VWm _o` BZ_|
_o` ~bdmZ ho. nmIpS>nZmo Vmo doX{Z{f AhV-~w Am{X XodVmZH$s
CnmgZmgm| hmo` ho. Vmgm| {H$VZoH$ d{XH$Y_ VWm dUdY_ZH$mo nana {damoY
~mYH$ Zmht ho. Oog| Xmmo`, Xwdmgm Am{XH$ZHw$ nmfpS> Zmht _mZ| h| {H$Vw
d{XH$ Y_Zgm| `moJHo$ Y_ZHw$ {dbjU _m{ZH|$ g_mYmZ H$a| h| Vog| ^VZ_|h
nmfpS>VmH$s g^mdZm Zmht H$aZr. d{XH$Y_Zgm| ^Jd_ZHw$ {dbjU _m{ZHo$
g_mYmZ H$aZmo. AV _{mH$mgm| godm g_w{PH|$ e-MH$m{XH$ _wm YmaU
H$aZr. VWm VwbgrH$m>H$s _mbmh gdXm YmaU H$aZr. `{n {H$VZoH$ dMZgm|
{Z`Vm Zmht ho VWm{n dUdVmH$s OVm`dodmar ho Amoa ""gmYyZm g_`Mm{n
_mU doXdX ^doV'' `m ~mS>nwamUHo$ dMZgm| _hm_mH$mo AmMaUh doX
Oogmo hr _mU ho. VwbgrH$m>H$s _mbmH$m| gdXm YmaU H$aZm| nanamgm|h {g
ho. dmH$mo CbZ H$[ado_| nanamH$mo ~mY hmo`. Vmg| _mbmh {Z`H$_Ho$ Vw`
ho.
{H$M, ""Yma`pV Z ò _mbm ho V w H $m nmn~w `,
ZaH$mZ Z {ZdV Vo XYm H $ mo Y mpZZm hao ''
AW: _mbmHw$ Oo ZmpVH$ nmn~w{dmao Zmht YmaU H$a| h| do _Zw` ^JdmZHo$
H$moYmpZgm| Obo ^ò ZaH$gm| nmN>| Zmht Amd| h|-`m dMZgm| _mbmYmaU {Z`
ho.
gmYZH$aU_
492
{VbH$h XS>Ho$ AmH$maH$mo bbmQ>n| H$aZm|. H$_bHo$ AmH$maH$mo djWbn|

H$aZm|. deHo$ nHo$ AmH$maH$mo XmoZm| ~mhZn| H$aZm|. A` {VbH$ XrnH$s
`mo{VHo$ AmH$madmao H$aZo. Oog| `kmondrV {OdH$mo OVm`dodmamo ho Eg|
{VbH$-_mbm dUdVmHo$ OVm`dodmao h|&&244&&
EH$mX`w n dmgm{X
H$V `
do Y d{O V _ &&
VWm H $ Um>_r Mm{n gV_r do Y d{O V m&&
A`m`{n VWm Hw $ `m X Cgdmo ` d hao &&245&&
EH$mXerdV M fQnMmeoYa{hV H$V`_. nyd_ A`WmH$aUo@{n
^Jd_mJdoemZVa nMnMmeXK{Q>H$m Xe_r MoV VXm EH$mXer `m`m.
O_m>_r Vw gy`m}X`mZVa gV_r MoV VXm `m`m ""CX`mX CX`mV moVm
h[admgad{OVm'' B{V dm`mV.
A`m`{n am_Zd_r^{V-dVm{Z ^Jd_mJ} H$V`m{Z. ZqghO`VrdV_
CgdMoV H$V`_. VWm dm_ZO``wgdH$aUo EH$mX`m_ CnmofU_ AH$dm{n
mX`m_ CnmofU H$V`_. qH$ ~hZm Cgd YmZ^yV. ^wdm M Cgdmo
{Z{f, ^JdXmdoem^mdmV. Ed nyOm_mJ} Cgd`mm g{hVm nyOm H$V`m B{V
{Z${nV_&&245&&
doYd{OV_=doYH$mo Ae N>m{S>Ho$
EH$mX`wndmgm{X=EH$mX{eHo$
Cndmgm{XH$, H$V`=H$aZmo
VWm=Eg|hr
gV_rdoYd{OVm=gV_rHo$ doYgm|
a{hV, H$Um>_r=lrH$U A>_r
Mm{n(H$V`m)=h H$aZr
VWm=Vog|hr
A`m{Z(dVm{Z)=A` dVm{XH$
A{n=h, Hw$`mX=H$aZo
`=Om_|
d={ZM`
hao:=h[aH$mo
Cgdmo(^d{V)=Cgd hmo`
^mdmW : Xe_rHo$ doYgm| a{hV EH$mXerHo$ {XZm Cndmgm{X H$aZ|. Vog|B

gmYZH$aU_
493
gV_rHo$ doYgm| d{OV H$Um>_rH$mo dVh H$aZmo. Vog|B A` dVh H$aZo {OZ_|
lrh[aH$mo H$moD$ Cgd nS>Vmo hmo`&&245&&
Q>rH$m : EH$mXerH$mo dVh N>nZ KS>rHo$ Xe_rH$mo doY a{hV H$aZm| `mo` ho.
nyd_| A` H$magm| dVm{XH$ H$aVmo hmo` naVw ^Jdm_mJ_| doe ^ò nmN>|
nMnZ KS>r Xe_r hmo` Vmoh dm EH$mXerH$mo `mJ H$aZmo, Xygao {XZm dV H$aZm|.
gy`m}X` ^ò nrN>o gV_r hmo` Vmo dm O_m>_rH$mo `mJ H$aZm|. AWmV {Vr`
{XZ dV H$aZm|. Vm_| ""CX`mX CX`mV moVm h[admgad{OVm'' B`m{X
dm` _mU h|.
^Jd_mJ_| A`h am_Zd_r Am{X dV H$aZo. ZqghO`Vr dV Cgd
hmo` Vmo H$aZmo. Vog| hr dm_ZO`Vr dVh H$aZm|. AWmV dm_ZmXerHo$ {XZ
H$_mZwgma dm_ZmXw^mdmogd H$aZm|. dm {XZ Cndmg H$aZm|. dmHo$ nyd EH$mXerHo$
{XZ CndmgH$s gm_` Zmht hmo` Vmo Zmht H$aZm|. ~hV {dVmanydH$ H$WZgm|
H$hm `moOZ ho! Cgd _w` ho. ^moOZ H$aHo$ Cgd H$[adoH$mo {ZfoY {H$`mo ho.
^moOZ {H$ò nmN>| ^JdmZH$mo Amdoe Zmht hmo` ho.
Vmn` ò ho: O_m>_rH$mo Cndmg Vmo Amd`H$ ho. A` VrZm| O`VrHo$
Cndmg Vmo Xohgm| VWm `gm| dm {XZ go`d$nH$mo Cgd H$[adoH$s gm_`
hmo` Vmo CgdHo$ A g_w{PH|$ H$aZ|. `m|Ho$ ^moOZ H$ao nrN>o ^JdXmdoe Zmht
hmo` ho. VWm {OZHw$ nwamUdm`Zgm| am_, dm_Z, Zqghm{XH$Z_| nyUnwfmom_H$s
\y${V hmo` CZHw$ Vmo CZH$s O`Vr Ad` H$aZr.
Eg| {Xdmbr Am{X nd, aW`mm-ZmZ`mm Am{X `mm VWm O_m>_r
Am{X _hmogdZHw$ EH$mH$s VWm `-Xohgm| H$[adoH$s gm_` hmo` Vmo EH$mH$s
H$aZo. AnZr EH$H$s gm_` Zmht hmo` Vmo A` Hw$Qw>~rZHo$ g hmo`H|$
_hmamOm{YamOH$s Om H$ma n[aM`m hmo` ho dm H$ma lrH$UH$s godm H$aVo
^ò nd-`mm-_hmogdZHw$ H$aZmo&&245&&
Cngha{V. EVgd_ B{V.
gmYZH$aU_
494
EVV gd `Zo Z J h W` H$s{V V _ &&

Aò f m g^do mw `mV `Vo : n` Q >Z da_ &&246&&
JhW` EVZ _w`_. Ed Hw$dZ gHw$Qw>~mo ^Jdgm`w`_ AZwVo.
~Mm[a^VrZm_{n godH$-gmYZgnmm EVV H$V`_. A`Wm AÈd
Cnm` H$V`. V_ AJo d`{V. g`m{gZVw nydmnoj`m@{n A{J_Ed Cm_
Ed_ B{V Amh `Vo n`Q>Z_ B{V&&246&&
gd_=g~, EVV=ò
JhW`=JhWHo${bò
`ZoZ=`Zgm|
H$s{VV_={dVmagm| H$mo
Aòfm (`{X)=A`Zgm| `{X
g^doV (VXd H$V`_)=

g^d hmo` Vmo hr H$aZm|
`Vo:=g`mgrHw$
n`Q>Z={\$aVo ahZmo
da=lo>, `mV=hmo` ho
^mdmW : `hm VH$ {X`mo gJamo CnXoe JhW nw{>_mJuHo$ VmB {X`mo ho. n[a Omo
nw{>_mJu JhW Z hm|` {VZV|h e` hmo` Vmo {VZH$m|h `mhr _mU dY_mZw>mZ
H$aZmo. Omo g`mgr nw{>_mJu hm|` VmH$m| n`Q>Z hr lo> ho&&246&&
Q>rH$m : gm, `moJ, kmZ, H$_ Am{XH$ZH$mo CnXoe Xo`Ho$ AV_| CdOrHo$
{V lrH $ UZ| ""n W H $ go U dm _ nd ` mm_hmo gdmZ ' '
(^mJ.nwam.11&29&11) `m bmoH$_| ò hr CnXoe {X`mo ho. Eg| nyOm_mJ
AWmV nyOmYmZ godm_mJ_| Cgd-`mm-nd g{hV godm H$[adoH$mo Omo {Z$nU
{H$`mo VmH$mo Cnghma H$ao h|. JhWHw$ ò godm _w` ho. Oog| ""gJh gnew
gwdJ bmoH$_o{V'' ( ) B`m{X lyVrZ_| d{XH$H$_ H$[adodmao Ò_mZH$mo rnw-new g{hV dJ_| mV hmoZm| {b`mo ho. Vog| nydmV ar{Vgm| godm H$[adodmamo
^Vh Hw$Qw>~ g{hV ^JdmZHo$ gm`w`Hw$ mV hmodo ho.
~Mmar, {dYdm, drVamJm{XH$ZHw$h gmYZgn{m hmo` Vhm VmB Vmo
godmhr H$aZr M{hò. godmHo$ gmYZ Zmht ~Z gH|$ V~ Vmo A` Cnm` H$aZo.
gmYZH$aU_
495
dm Cnm`Hw$ AmJ| H$h|Jo. g`mgrHw$ Vmo AmJoH$mo Cnm` H$aZmo hr Cm_ ho gmo H$hV
h| `Vo n`Q>Z_ B{V. g`mgrHw$ Vmo n`Q>Z H$aZm| lo> ho&&246&&
JhWmZm_{n nyOm`m nMXmofg^do n`Q>Z_od lo>_ B{V Amh {djonmX
B{V.
{djo n mX AWdm e`m {V~YmX{n d{MV &&
A`mJ h do e o
dm
nanrS>m{Xg^do &&
VrW n ` Q >Z lo > gd} f m d{U Z m VWm&&247&&
1.dVd{ma{hVm{Z Bp`m{U ~bmX ^Jd{V `mo`_mZm{Z {djon
OZ`pV {dJhH${eVm{Z. 2.Oa`m `m{Y{â dm `Xm e`^md. 3.bmoH$mo
dm {V~Y Hw$dpV. 4.d` dm na_ AmJh: CnVo òZ V_{g {d>mo
^JdV Z _a{V. 5.bmoH$mZm dm nrS>m Hw$`mV -V nyOm `V`m. VXm
A`m{n VWmdo naXoeo ey`Xodmbò nyOm {dYo`m. Vm{n Xmofg^do VrWn`Q>Z
H$V`_, nmnmZm {V~YH$$nmUm Zmem`. VXm `d Jdm godm gn`Vo
Vd godm H$V`m.
dVV`m VrWmQ>ZH$ma_ Amh gd}fm_ B{V. {dUw^pVH$madmV
gdm{YH$ma&&247&&
d{MX=H$~hH$
{djonmX={djonHo$ H$maU
AWdm d{MX Ae`m=
AWdm H$~hH$ AepVHo$ H$maU
d{MV {V~YmX=
H$~hH$ {V~Y AmOm` Vmo
d{MX A`mJhdoeo=H$~hH$
_Z_| A`mJh hmo` Om` Vmo

d{MV nanrS>m{Xg^do=H$~hH$
nanrS>m hmo`don|, gd}fm_
(A{n)=g~ZH$m|
d{UZm=~mUm{XH$ dUdmaoZH$m|
VrWn`Q>Z=VrWZH$mo n`Q>Z
lo>(^d{V)=Cm_ gmYZho
^mdmW : H$~hH$ ^JdXÔZ_| dVmo{M Z hmo`donoh hR>mV ÔZ H$[adono

_mZ{gH$ {djon hmoV ho. AWdm dV: {Merb hmo`donoh H$~hH$ amoJm{XO`
gmYZH$aU_
496
emar[aH$ AepVVoh ÔZ XwH$a do OmV ho, H$~hH$ Ka dV: g_W hmo`don|h
Ka Am{XHo$ ~S>ao ^JdXÔZ{damoYr hmo`doV| Vm_| {V~Y H$aV h|. H$~hH$
~S>ao {V~Y Z H$aV hm|` VmoD$ ÔZH$VmH$mo Egmo _yT>mJh ~Yr OmV ho Omo
ÔZ H$aV ^JdmZV| {^Z A` g~ H$Ny>H$s gw{Y ahV ho n[a ^JdmZH$s Zmht.
H$~hH$ ÔZr` ^JdmZH$s gwYrHo$ Amdoe_| ÔZH$VmH$mo {ZO ÔZ{H$`mHo$
{dVmaV| n[admaOZH$m| H$hm nrS>m hmoV ho VmH$s gwYr ahr Z OmV ho. Vmgm| Egr
AdWmZ_| g~{hZHo$ H$mO VrWn`Q>ZH$m| hr lo> g_wPZmo&&247&&
Q>rH$m : JhWZHw$h godm_| nmM Xmof h|. do O~ Am` Omd| V~ VrWmQ>Z H$aZm|
lo> ho. CZ XmofZHw$ ~Vmd| h|. dV godm_| dm Zmht hmo`dodmar Bp`ZH$m|
~bmH$magm| godm_| bJm`r Om` h| V~ Egr Bp`| {Mm_| {djonHw$ CnZ H$a|
h|, ò W_ Xmof ho. dmdWmgm| AWdm amoJHo$ H$maU godm H$[adoH$s gm_`
Zmht ahZmo ò {Vr` Xmof ho. Hw$Qw>~Ho$ AWdm A` bmoJ godmHw$ Zmht H$ado X|
ò VVr` Xmof ho. AnZo X`_| ImoQ>mo AmJh CnZ hmo` Om` Omgm| AkmZ$n
AYH$ma_| Y`mo ^`mo _Zw` ^JdmZH$mohr _aU Zmht H$a gHo$ ho ò MVwW Xmof
ho. godm H$[adodmamo A` OrdZHw$ nrS>m Xo`do bJ Om` ò nmM_mo Xmof ho. ò nmM
Xmof hm|` Vhm godmH$mo `mJ H$aZm|. `{X Ohm godm H$ao Vhm hr Xmof Am` Omd|
Vmo naXoe_| ey`Xod_pXa_| nyOm H$aZr. dhmh XmofH$mo g^d hmo` Vmo
godm{V~YH$ nmnZHw$ Xya H$[adoHo$ AW VrWn`Q>Z H$aZm|. Ohm Jògm| godm ~Z
gHo$ dhm hr godm H$aZr. VrWmQ>ZH$s JmUVm Xya H$[adoHo$ AW dVVmgm|
VrWmQ>ZH$mo H$ma {XImdo h|. Oog| {dUw^pV_| gd Ord A{YH$mar h| Vog| hr
VrWmQ>Zh {dUw^pVH$mo H$ma ho. Vmgm| `m_| g~ZHw$ A{YH$ma ho&&247&&
dUml_`wVmZm_{n dUml_Y_: VrWm{Z {dH$`V B{V Amh `km:
B{V.
`kmg VrWm { Z M nw Z g_m{Z h[aUm H $ Vm&&
AVg Vo d{VJ m hr VX { XZmZ Zm{YH$` {h&&248&&
hVn nR>Z {Z` Zm_m{Z M H $ Vm{Z M&&
^maVo {h `kmZm VrWmZm M Vw`Vm {Z${nVm. V AQ>ZH$ma_ Amh
gmYZH$aU_
497
AVVod{VJmhr B{V. VrWdoe{XdgoVw Cndmg. A{J_{Xdgo `{X AZ_m_{n

ZmpV VXm Vmd_m Jm, ZVw VVmo A{YH$_. AQ>Z` {Z`dmV Z {MaH$mb
pW{V. CM: Zm_g>rVZ V A_. AV^Jd_aUM.
EH$mH$s {Zn h emV n` Q > o V H $ UVna&&249&&
Xo h nmVZn` V_
A`J m _m
gXm
J{V&&
Cm_mo m__ EV{ ny d _ Cm__ B [ aV_ &&250&&
EH$mH$s n`Q>oV. Z A ""ZH$ nVmdmZ_'' B{V _{VXmof. n{W
^moJmW nhm Z H$V`m. emVM {Mmo ^doV.
Ed_ A{YH$mam^mdo {^Z_ Cnm` d`{V: H$UEd Vmn` ZVw VrWmXm.
XohnmVZn`V M n`Q>Z_ ""XohmVo H$VmWm} ^{d`m{_'' B{V. gXm ewM
^doV. g`mdXZdV `h V` J_Z_. Ap_Z njo AV H$U gdXm
\w$aVr{V Cm_mom_&&248-250&&
h[aUm=h[amam
`km:=`k, H$Vm:=H$ao
g_m{Z=EH$ g[aIo
M nwZ:=Amoa \o$[a
VrWm{Z (H$Vm{Z)=VrW] h
(dmHo$ g_mZ) H$ao, AV:=Vmgm|
Vofw={dZ_|
A{VJmhr=H$Nw> JhU H$ao {dZm
VX{XZmV=dm {XZgy, {h=hr
A{YH$`=A{YH$H$mo
Z=Zmht, Zm_m{Z=Zm_ZHw$
M=A, g_m{Z=g[aIo
H$Vm{Z (B{V)=H$ao h| Vmgm|
hVn:=g>moM N>m{S>Ho$
nR>Z=nmR> H$aVo ^ò
EH$mH$s=BHo$bo
{Znh:=nhm a{hV
emV:=emV hmo`Ho$
A`Jm_m=`J ^ò {~Zm
gXmJ{V:=gVV {\$aVo ^ò
H$UVna:=H$U_| Vna hmo`Ho$
XohnmVZn`V=Xoh Ny>{Q> Z Om`
dhm VmB, n`Q>oV=n`Q>ZH$aVmoaho
nyd_=n{hbo, Cm__=Cm_
B[aV=H$mo (gmYZ_)
EVX=ò, {h=hr
gmYZH$aU_
498
{Z`={Z`
Cm_mom_(`V:)=Cm_|h Cm_
^mdmW : ^w lrh[aZo `k, VrW A AnZo Zm_ g_mZ _mhm`dmao ~Zmò h|.
VmV| `k-VrW-Zm_-namÙ ^VH$m| EH$ {XZmV| A{YH$ n[aJh H$aZmo Zmht.
bOm N>m{S>Ho$ Zm_moMmaU H$aZmo. VmV| H$mD$ H$maH$s nhm Z amIZr.
EH$mH$s (AWmV OZgJhmW `k-VrW-OnH$mo X^ Z H$aZmo), emV hmo`Ho$
H$mD$ H$magm| AnZo AmnH$m| `J ~Zmò {~Zm, H$h EH$ R>moano pWa ^ò {~Zm,
XohnmVn`V H$UVna hmoB n`Q>Z H$aZmo. ò A~ Omo AmJo H$h|Jo gmo Cm_mom_
Cnm` ho. A~ bJ Omo Cnm` ~Vm`mo Cm_ Cnm` hVmo n[a A~ Omo Cnm` H$hr
aho h| gmo Cm_mom_ Cnm` ho. gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm ^JdMZH$mo _mU XoV
h|&&248-250&&
Q>rH$m : dUml_Y_dmao _Zw`ZHo$ AWh dUml_Y_ZHo$ g VrWZH$mo {dH$n
{H$`mo ho. _hm^maV_| VrW VWm `k H$m| g_mZ {bI| h|. ^JdmZZoh VrW H$a|
h|.
VrW`mmH$mo H$ma {XImdo h| : VrWWb_| Om {XZm doe H$ao Vm {XZm
Cndmg H$aZm|. Xygao {XZm AZ_m Zmht hmo` Vmo {OVZo_| CXa â Om` CVZo
hr AZH$s `mMZm H$aZr. VrW_| XmZ Zmht boZmo. {Z` {dMaVo ahoZm|. ~hVH$mb
EH$ WmZ_| Zmht ahoZmo. D$Mo dagm| g>moM N>m{S>H|$ ^JdmZHo$ Zm_ZH$mo H$sVZ
H$aVo ahZm| VrWmQ>ZH$mo A ho. ^rVa ^JdmZH$mo gdXm _aU amIZm|&&248&&
EH$mH$s ahZmo. _mJ_| Bp`ZHo$ {df`^moJZHo$ AW nhm Zmht H$aZr.
{MmHw$ emV amIZmo.
Omo _Zw` Egmo A{YH$mar Zmht ho VmHo$ AW A` Cnm` AmJo Amkm
H$a|J|. lrH$UH$s mpV_| Vmn` ho. VrWm{XH$Z_| Vmn` Zmht ho. Vmgm|
""lrH$U _moHw$ H$~ XeZ X|J|'' Egr CH$R>m gXm VrWmQ>Z H$aVo ~Zmò
amIZr&&249&&
gmYZH$aU_
499
XohnmV Zmht hmo` Vhm VmB {dMaVmo aho. ""XohnmV ^ò nrN>o _| Ad`
H$VmW hmoD$Jmo'' Egmo {ZM` amIZm|. gXm ew ahZm|. g`m-dXZ Oogo {Z`
{H$`mo Omdo ho Vogo {Z` hr VrWmQ>Z H$aVo ahZmo. `m nj_| AVH$aU_| gdXm
lrH$U \w$aU hmodo ho. Vmgm| ò nj Cm_mom_ ho&&250&&
A g_`W ^JdXwVbmoH$`_ Amh ""Jh...'', ""YZ_...''
B{V.
J h gdm _Zm `m` VMo V `Vw Z e`Vo &&
H $ UmW VV `w OrV H $ U g g ma_mo M H$&&251&&
YZ gdm _Zm `m` VMo V `Vw Z e`Vo &&
H $ UmW V`w OrV H $ Umo @ ZW ` dmaH$&&252&&
gdm_Zm=g~ Vahgy
`m`(A{n)=Òdo `mo`h
Jh=KaHw$, `wVw=N>m{S>doHw$
Z e`Vo=epV_mZ Z hmo`
MoV=Vmo, H$UmW=H$UHo$ AW
VV{Z`wOrV=dmH$mo{d{Z`moJH$ao
(`V:=`m|Ho$)H$U:=lrH$U
ggma_moMH$: ApV=ggmagy
Nw>S>m`dodmaoh|,gdm_Zm=g~Vahgy
`m`(A{n)=Òdo `mo`h
YZ=YZHw$, `wVw=N>m{S>doHw$
Z e`Vo=epV_mZ Z hmo`
MoV=Vmo,H$UmW=H$UHo$AW
VV `wOrV=dmH$mo AmN>r
^m{Vgm|{d{Z`moJH$ao
(`V:=`m|Ho$)H$U:=lrH$U
(YZJV`=YZ_| aho ^ò)
AZW`=AZWHo$
dmaH$:=dmaU H$[adodmao
(ApV=h|)
^mdmW : Ka Vmo gdm_Zm `m` (V{Odo `mo`) hr hmoV ho n[a VmH$mo `mJ
H$aZmo `{X e` Z hmo` Vmo VmH$mo {d{Z`moJ ggma_moMH$ H$U_| H$aZmo M{hò.
Vog|B gdm_Zm `m` YZH$moh `mJ e` Z hmo` Vmo dmH$mo `moJ H$UgodmW
H$aZmo. gmo H$mhoV| Omo lrH$U AZWHo$ dmaH$ h|&&251-252&&
gmYZH$aU_
500
Q>rH$m : `m {df`_| g_{VHo$ AW ^JdmZHo$ Amkm {H$ò ^ò Xmo bmoH$ZHw$ H$ho
h| Jh gdm_Zm B{V.
JhH$moh gdm_Zm `mJ H$aZm|. `{X Ka Zmht N>moSmo Om` Vmo H$UHo$
AW KaH$mo {d{Z`moJ H$aZm|. H$U ggmagm| Nw>S>m`dodmao h|.
gdm_Zm YZH$mo `mJ H$aZm|. `{X dmo YZ Zmht `mJ {H$`mo Om` Vmo
lrH$UHo$ AW dmH$mo {d{Z`moJ H$aZm|. H$U AZWHo$ Xya H$[adodmao h|&&251252&&
nydm{YH$ma`m^mdo VVr` nj_ Amh AWdm B{V.
AWdm gd X m em lr^mJdV_ AmXamV &&
nR>Zr`
`Zo Z
gd h o V w { dd{O V _ &&253&&
d `W Z d `w OrV mU H$R>JV a {n&&
VX^mdo `W d `mV VWm {Zdm h _mMao V &&
`mUm òZ Ho$Zm{n ÔZ H$U_ AdmZw`mV&&254&&
""~mm`Vaô X o Z
$no
ô X `
_V_ ,
ZmpZ M H $ VVg o Y m ^pV_mJm} {Z${nV''
&&253-54&&
AWdm=AWdm
lr^mJdV=lr^mJdVnwamUHw$
em_=emHw$
`ZoZ=`Z nydH$
nR>Zr`(^d{V)=nmR>H$aZmoM{hò
H$R>JVa{n mU:=mU H$R>
AmXamV=AmXanydH$
gdXm=h_|em, gdhoVw{dd{OV=
gd hoVwgy a{hV hmoBHo$
`Wm=Oogo,Ed=h
`mV=hmo`, VWm=dogo
{Zdmh_AmMaoV=OrdZ{ZdmhH$ao
gmYZH$aU_
501
VmB Am` Om` Vmo h

(^mJdV) d`W=^mJdVHw$
AmOr{dH$mHo$ AW
Z Ed=Zht hr
`wOrV=Cn`moJ H$aZmo
VX^mdo=dmHo$ A^md_|
`mUm=VrZ_|gy
òZ Ho$Z-A{n(CnmòZ)=Om H$moB ^r
Cnm`gy
ÔZ=ÔZ H$[adogy
H$U_=H$UHw$
AdmZw`mV=mV H$aoJmo
^mdmW : AWdm dJh_| lrH$Ugodmh {Z^ Z gHo$ A VrWmQ>Zh Z ~{Z Amdo

Vmo {ZaVa AmXagm| lr^mJdVH$mo nmR> H$aZmo. n[a lr^mJdVHo$ nmR>gm| A`
H$moD$ hoVw Ow[a Z Om` dm ~mVH$s A`V gmdYmZr amIZr. Vhm AmOr{dH$mHo$
hoVwgm| Vmo mU Jbm_| Am` AQ>Ho$ hm|` VmoD$ ^mJdVH$WmV| AnZmo {Zdmh Z
MbmdZmo. ^mJdVH$WmH$s AmOr{dH$m Z H$[adon| Xygar H$moB AmOr{dH$m AZwHy$b
Z naV hmo` Vmo Oogr arVgy {Zdmh MbV hmo` Vog| MbmdZmo n[a Am{O{dH$mW
^mJdVH$Wm Zht hr H$aZr. Jhgodm A VrWmQ>Z A ^mJdVnmR> BZ VrZm|
Cnm`Z_| EH$h Cnm` AmN>r Vah {H$òV| ^VH$m| H$UmpV hmoV ho&&253254&&
Q>rH$m : nydm}V H$ho XmoC A{YH$ma {OZ_| Zmht h| {dZHo$ AW VVr` nj H$ho
h| AWdm B{V. g~ H$m_Zm N>m{S>Ho$ VWm AmXanydH$ `Z H$aH|$ gXm
lr^mJdVH$mo nmR> H$aZm|. lr^mJdVmam AnZr d{m mU H$R>_| Mbo Omd|
VWm{n Zmht H$aZr. d{mHo$ A^md_| Oogo {Zdmh ~Z gHo$ Vogo {Zdmh H$aZmo.
naVw lr^mJdVH$m| d{mHo$ AW {d{Z`moJ Zmht H$aZm|. ""g ~mm`Vamo
O'' (_wS>.Cn.2&1&2) B`m{X lw`Zwgma ^JdmZH$mo EH$ ~m $n ho. dmo
g~ nXmWZHo$ ~m{ha aho ho. Xygamo AmVa$n ho dmo g~ nXmWZHo$ ^rVa aho ho.
Vrgamo AmnH$mo $n eXZ_| aho ho Vmgm| VrZ H$magm| ^pV_mJH$mo dUZ {H$`mo
ho&&253-54&&
n{m_mJ_ Amh OJZmWo {dQ>R>bo M B{V.
OJZmWo {dQ > R>bo M lrao do >Q>o
gmYZH$aU_
502
VWm&&
` ny O mdmh `mV V {V>o V Vna&&255&&

EVZ
_mJ `
mo V
J{VgmYZg ` w V _ &&
{dH$nEd Efm WmZmZm_. nmm ~m`m`` ~mYH$dmV. nyOmdmhmo
^JdgmpZ`~moYH$&&255&&
OJZmWo=lrOJZmWnw[a_|
{dQ>R>bo =nmSw>a lr{dQ>R>bZmWOrHo$
Ym__|, M=A
lraJo=lraOr_|
d|H$Q>o=lrdo>Q>_|
VWm=Eg|hr
`=Om WmZ_|
nyOmdmh:=nyOmH$mo dmh
`mV=hmo`, V=dhm
Vna:=nyOm{X namÙ hmo`Ho$
{V>Vo =aho, EVZ=ò
_mJ`=XmoC _mJ
J{VgmYZg`wV=Cnm` g{hV
moV=H$ho
AWmV ""EH$ _oao hr eaU Amd, XygaoH$mo Aml` _V H$a''. ^JdmZ Xohm{X
gmVH$m| godmHo$ AZwHy$b H$a| AWdm A`V Amgwa gmV hm|` Vmo gmVgm|
Nw>S>m` X| V~ OmZZm| Omo eaUmJ{V {g ^B. Vm nmN>| godm_| OmH$s {M hmo`,
^JdmZHo$ d$n Om{ZdoH$s BN>m hmo` VWm ^JdN>mZ_| namÙ aho V~
OmZZm| `mH$mo ò ApV_ O_ ho. AWmV `mH$mo nwZ: O_ Zmht hmo`Jmo. eaUY_
{g hm`doHo$ AW hr H$Uml`Vmo lrAmMm`MaUZZ| H$Q> {H$`mo ho. eaUmJV
_Zw`Hw$ lrOJZmWOr, lrnwS>arH$, lr{dQ>R>bZmWOr, lraZmWOr, lrd|H$Q>eo Or
B`m{X d$nZHo$ g_rn ahZm| M{hò. A`h H$moB ^Jdm_ hm|` Ohm gXm
nyOmH$mo dmh hmo` Vmo dhm ahZm| M{hò. nyOmdmh ho gmo ^JdmZHo$ gpZYmZH$m|
OVm`dodmamo ho.
Q>rH$m : n{m_mJ AWmV eaU_mJH$mo dUZ H$a| h| OJZmWo B{V. ""gdY_mZ

n[a`` _m_oH$ eaU dO'' (^J.JrVm18&66) `m JrVmHo$ bmoH$_|
gdY_ZHw$ N>m{S>Ho$ EH$ ^JdmZHo$ hr eaU OmZmo {b`mo ho. dmhrHo$ AZwgma
JwHo$ mam ^JdmZHo$ eaU OmZmo, \o$ar A`ml` N>m{S>Ho$ lr^JdmZH$mo hr T>
{ddmg amIZm|. Oog| hZw_mZOrHw$ ~mgm| amjgZZ| ~mY XrZ| nmN>| gXoh ^`mo
""dmZa ~hV ~b ho. ~mHw$ VmoS> S>maoJmo. Vmgm| A` AZgm|h ~mYZm|''
Eg| {dMm[aHo$ O~ ~mH$mo {ddmg N>m{S>Ho$ A` AZgm| ~mYdo bJo V~
hZw_mZOr ~mgm| Ny>{Q> Jò. Eg| hr ^JdmZHo$ Aml`_| gXoh H$aHo$ O~
A` XodH$mo Aml` {H$`mo Om` ho V~ dmo ^V eaU_mJgm| n{VV hmo Om` ho.
`mhrgm| ""_m_oH$ eaU_ dO'' (Vd) `m dm`_| "EH$_' nX H$mo ho.
`m bmoH$Ho$ AmdaU^_| lrnwfmom_Or _hmamOZ| Egmo H$_ {b`mo ho

: W_ Vmo ^JdmZH$s H$nmHo$ Aw>aH$mo dV AWdm dUdHo$ ggm| CX~moY
hmo` V~ `m _mJ_| {M hmo`. Vm nmN>| `m _mJ_| doeH$s BN>m hmo`. VnMmm
H$nmH$mo Aw>a T> hmo` V~ ò _mJ g~ _mJgm| Cm_ XrIo. Vm nmN>| ma^yV JwHo$
mam ^JdmZHo$ eaU Amdo. nmN>| gg H$aH|$ lrAmMm`MaUZ_| ""ò ^JdmZ
h|'' Egr AôX~w{ hmo`, VXZVa gdm}m_Vmom{XH$ZH|$ nR>Zgm| JwH$s godm
H$aVmo aho. Vm nmN>| ^JdXr`ZH$mo g H$aHo$ nydar{VHo$ AZwgma ^JdmZH$s godm
H$aVmo aho. d_mJu` JWZHw$ gw{Zdo-Xo{Idogm| {V~YH$ {Zd{m hm|` V~
Xmof{Zd{m VWm godmHo$ Cn`moJr JwUZH$s m{ hmo`. Vm nmN>| dma-dma ^JdgodmH$s
Amd{m H$aVmo aho Vmo gHw$Qw>~Hw$ ^Jdm{ hmo`. CZ Hw$Qw>~dmaoZ_|h Omo godm_|
CXmgrZ ah| AWdm godmH$mo {damoYr hmo` dmHw$ ^JdmpV Z hmo`. nyd_| H$ho
^ò nMXmofZH$s `{X g^mdZm hmo` Vmo VrWmQ>Z H$[aHo$ Xmof {Zd{m H$aZm|.
Xmof{Zd{m ^ògm| godm H$ar Om` Vmo ^JdmpV hmo`. godmH$mo AZ{YH$ma hmo`
Vmo lr^mJdVml` H$aZm|. dm_|h A{YH$ma Zmht hmo` Vmo nwfmom_ghZm_{{dYZm_mdbrH$mo Aml` H$aZm|. Cm_m{YH$ma_| Vmo VrWn`Q>Z lo> ho. dm_|h
AZ{YH$ma hmo` Vmo eaUmJV hmo`Ho$ ghZm_m{XH$ZH$mo nmR> H$aVmo ^`mo Ohm
nyOmdmh hmo` Vhm g_rn AWdm Xya pWV ahZm|. H$ho ^ò H$maZHo$ AZwgma
~Vmd H$[adogm| gmYH$ ^V \$bmo_wI hmo` ho VWm \$bH$s mpV hmoV ho.
n{m_mJ AWmV eaU_mJ ^pV_mJH$mo AZwH$n ho. Vmgm| ^pV_mJ_| hr
gmYZH$aU_
gmYZH$aU_
^mdmW : nwfmom_joW OJXreOr, ^r_m VQ>no nT>anwa {dR>mo~m, lraJOr,

{Vn{V ~mbmOr Vog|B Ohm dUdr nyOmUmbr M{bV hmo` Vhm ^Jd_y{VHo$
nyOm{X_| Vna hmo`Ho$ ahZmo. Vmgm| Ego d{XH$ _mJ A ^pV_mJ H$mo dm-dm
_mJno M{bdoHo$ Cnm`ZHo$ gmW dUZ {H$`mo&&255&&
503
504
`mH$mo doe ho.
&& {ejmbmoH$s &&
`hm VmB \$b-gmYZ g{hV d{XH$_mJ VWm ^pV_mJ H$mo {Z$nU {H$`mo
ho.
&& B{V lrdb^mMm` {da{MV VdmWXrn{Z~YmVJV gd{ZU`_|
gmYZH$aUH$s lrJmoHw$bXmg _wIr`mOr a{MV dO^mfmQ>rH$m gnyU ^B &&
(24)
O`{V lrdb^m`m} O`{V M {d>boda: ^w: lr_mZ&
nwfmom_M VM {Z{X>m nw{>n{VO`{V&&
lr_hm^yZmam {da{MV BZ {ejmnZno lrm[aHo$eOrH$s `m`mh
{_bV ho. Vmgm| H$h-H$h dm `m`mH$mo Ame`h JhU H$aVo ^ò _yb
bmoH$ZH$m| `Wm_{V AZwdmX A `m`mZ H$aV hm|.
BZ {ejmnZHo$ mH$QH$s dmVm Ego H$hr OmV ho : "AVH$aU~moY'
JW_| d{UV bmoH$JmoMa XohXoen[a`mJH$s Vrgar ^JdXmkmHo$ nMmV {dH$_
gdV 1587 H$s OoR> dXr Xg_rHo$ {XZm AS>ob Jmd_| lr_hm^yZH$mo g`mgJhU
H$[adoH$mo _Z ^`mo. gmo "g`mg{ZU`' JW_| Cn{X> A>{dY g`mgZ_| V|
{Vr` H$maH$mo g`mg- Omo nmbZHo$ H$mO d`Ho${bò Vmo drH$m`m}. ò
MVwWml_$n H$__mJu` H$maH$mo g`mg ho. EH$mXg H$Y VWm A`h g^r
emdMZ gm| A{d Ego {eIm-gyHo$ `mJgm| a{hV {XS> YmaU H$[adoH$mo
`m g`mg_| H$ma ahV ho. `m g`mgHo$ JhU H$[adoH$s ar{V_| Jh`mJmW
^m`mkmH$sh Anojm ~VmB ho. gmo Vmo H$B {~[a`m _m{Jdonoh lr_hmb_rOrZ|
Jh`mJH$s Amkm Xr{Z Zmqh. V~ AmnZ| AnZr {X` BN>mV| AnZr nUHw$Q>r_|
A{ d{bV H$s{Z gmo Xo{IHo$ lr_hmb_rOrZ|h Amngm| H$mo ""~m{ha
{ZH$gmo, ~o{J ~m{ha {ZH$gmo''. V~ Vmo Jh`mJH$s Amkm {g ^B _m{ZHo$ Amn
H$aH$-H$m{nZ bo`Ho$ Kagm| ~m{ha {ZH${g Jò. nmN>o V| ApZh emV do J`mo.
\o$[a `Wm{d{Y g`mgJhU H$[aHo$ Amn Vmo AS>obV| H$mer ZJarHy$ nYm[a Jò.
VmV| bmoH$JmoMa Xoe`mJH$s Amkm Vmo {g ^B naVw bmoH$JmoMa Xoh`mJH$s
AmkmHo$ nmbZ H$[adoH$m| AmnZ| _mgn`V AZeZ {H$`mo A nmN>o AmR> {XZm
AmnZ| _mZYmaUh H$[a brZmo. V~ AS>obV| lrJmonrZmWOr VWm lrJwgmBOrh
AnZ| godH$Z VWm Hw$Qw>~rOZZ Ho$ g lr_hm^yZHo$ XeZH$m| Vhm H$mer
nYmao. Vhm g~ZZ| mWZm H$s{Z Omo ""A~ h_mamo H$V` H$hm?'' gmo _mZ
YmaU H$[a am`mohVmo Vmgm| JmOrH$s VQ>^y{_no {b{IHo$ gmT>o VrZ bmoH$ZH$mo
gmYZH$aU_
505
{ejmbmoH$s
506
CnXoe lr_hm^yZZ| AnZ| gwVZH$m| VWm godH$ZH$m| XrZmo. VmV| `m JWH$m|

"{ejmbmoH$s'h H$hV h|.
Vhm `h e>m hmoV ho Omo g`mg{ZU` JW_| Vmo AmnZ| {dahmZw^dH$s
{g{Ho$ H$mO n[a`mJH$mo CnXoe {H$`mo ho. gmo H$ma AmnZ| H$mhoH$mo AZwg`m}
Zmqh? `hm `h g_mYmZ OmZZmo Omo ^pVHo$ Xmo` nj h|: EH$ Vmo godm A
Xygar H$Wm. "H$Wm' H$hoV| ^JdmZHo$ $n-JwU-Zm_-brbmH$mo ldU-H$sVZ_aU H$mo OmV ho. Vhm brbm^mdZm AWdm brbmH$sVZ Ho$ g godm_| Vna
hmo`doV| C^`njH$mo AZw>mZ {g hmoV ho. VmV| godmnj Vmo _w` H$n ho. naVw
`m _w` H$n_|h nmM H$maHo$ ~mYH$ lr_hm^yZZ| {Z~Y_| {JZmò h|:
(1) bm{H$H$ {df`Z_| amJ-ofH$s ~bVmHo$ H$maU Bp`ZH$s ^Jdgodm_|
ghO A{M hmodo VmoD$ hR>mV godm H$[adoHo$ `mgV| {Mm_| {djon
(IrO-A`_ZH$Vm-CoJm{X) H$Q>o V~ godm N>m{S> XoZmo C{MV
ho.
(2) ^Jd{XN>m {dnarV hmo`doV| Agm` amoJm{XO` emar[aH$ AepVAj_Vm hmo` A hR>mV godm H$ao V~ H$mo_b d^mddmao ^wZH$m|
n[al_ hmoV ho. VmV| godm Z H$[admo AmN>mo.
(3) Anw{>_mJu`Ho$ Ka_| OZ_ hmo`doHo$ H$maU KaHo$ ~S>oZH$m|
^Jdgodm{damoYr ^md hmo` Vmgm| Ego {V~Y_| godm Z H$[admo
AmN>mo. H$Wmnj_| Vmo `mH$m| {V~Y {J`mo Zmht ho n[a godmnj_|
{V~Y hmo`doV| godmH$mo `mJ H$[a Xodmo C{MV ho. H$mhoV|? Omo AnZ|
^JdgodmHo$ XwamJhHo$ H$maU AnZ| go` ^yZH$mo AZmXa AWdm
{ZXm H$h Ka_| H$moD$ H$ao Zmqh.
(4) godmon`moJr gm_JrZH$m| OwQ>m`doH$mo A`mJhh go` ^yZ_|V| AnZo
{MmH$s VnaVmH$mo Zme H$[aHo$ Vm_gr d{mH$m| ~T>mdV ho. V~ godm
H$[ado H$aV| Z H$[admo A{YH$ C{MV hmoV ho.
{ejmbmoH$s
507
(5) godmH$Vm Ka_| d` ~S>mo hmo` A N>moQ>oZH$m| ^yZ_| ^md Z hmo` Vmoh
godm H$amdo V~ dmW g>moM AWdm ^` Ho$ H$maU N>moQ>oZH$m| godm_|
Ow{Q>dmo naV ho. A V~ do AmV[aH$ nrS>mHo$ gmW godm H$aV h|. Vm
H$[a ^yZH$m| gwI Zmht hmoV ho. gmo go` ^yZH$m| gwI Z Xo`dodmar
godm H$[ado H$aV| Z H$[admo C{MV ho.
Vmgm| BZ ~mYH$ZH$mo A^md hmo` V~{h godm ho gmo nw{>OrdH$mo _w`
H$V` ~ZV ho. Vmgm| BZ ~mYH$ZHo$ gmW ^pV^md hmo`donoh godm Z H$[aHo$
H$WmnjH$mo JhU C{MV _m`mo J`mo ho. VmV|hr "^pVd{YZr'_| ^pVH$s
`gZXem {g hmo`dono H$Wmnj_| gnyU Jh`mJH$mo; AWdm {Z~Y_| g_`g_`no VrW`mmHo$ `mOgm| AnH$m{bH$ Jh`mJH$mo h H$ma g_wPm`mo ho. BZ
Jh`mJZH$o H$maZH$mo ^JdpXdahmZw^dmW H$[adoH$mo H$ma lr_hm^yZZ | g_wPm`mo
ho. H$mhV|? Omo nw{>g{>H$mo ^yVbno mH$Q> ho gmo Vmo lrH$U d$nH$s godmHo$
hoVwhr ho. gmo Om OZ_ df _mg {XZ, AWdm H$nm{Ve` hmo` Vmo, ha KS>r
AWdm jU_m ^JdgodmHo$ {~Zm ~rVo V~ {dah-Vmn Omo Z hmodo Vmo H$Ny>H$
Amgwamdoehr OmZZmo. gmo ^pVH$s `gZmdWm mV H$[adono ^JdgodmHo$
{~Zm {dahVmn Vmo Ad`^mdr hmoV ho. VmV| Ka_| godm OmV| {Z^Vr Z hmo` VmH$m|
{dahmZw^dmW n[a`mJH$mo AmnZo CnXoe JmUH$nHo$ $n_| {X`mo ho. Vhm
H$V`monXoe Jhn[a`mJH$mo ho, {dahmZw^dH$mo Zmht. A `moOZ Vhm {dahmZw^d
ho, Jhn[a`mJ Zmht. H$mhoV| Jhn[a`mJ Vmo AZrdadmXr OZ-~mh H$aV h|
n[a CZH$mo n[a`mJ ^JdX^pV H$mo A Zmht ho. Amn d` Vmo ^JdXZmdVma
A ^pV_mJmO_mVS> h| gmo ^pV_mJH$o JmUH$nH$mo AZwg[adoH$s Amd`H$Vm
AmnwH$mo H$hm? VmV| AmnHo$ g`mgH$mo H$ma "g`mg{ZU`' VWm "^pVd{YZr'
(g.{Z.7, ^.d.1,6) _| H$ho H$ma H$mo Z hVmo "gd{ZU`-{Z~Y' (219220) _| H$ho H$maH$mohr hVmo.
gmjmV d$nH$s godm Omo H$moD$ dJh_| dVZw{dm-n[aOZZH$o g_nUnydH $
H$aVmo hmo` VmH$m| Vmo godm N>m{S>Ho$ {d`moJmZw^dmW H$WmnjH$mo Adb~Z
Mbm`Ho$ H$aZmo Vmo ^pV_mJu` nmfS> ho. ~hmoV godm Ny>{Q> Om` AWdm
{ejmbmoH$s
508
{Z`H$__| O~ godmH$mo AZdga hmo` V~ {dahmZw^dmW H$Wm-_aU njH$mo

^pV_mJu` H$ma nw{>_mJu` {gmV ho VmV|- ""godm`m dm H$Wm`m dm''
dMZ_| W_ H$V` VWm CboI godmH$mo ho. Vgohr- ""_aU ÔZ Mm{n
Z `m`'' dMZ_| AV_|h A`m`V`m CboI Vmo ÔZ AWmV godm H$mohr
ho.
gmo {dahmZw^dH$m_Zm godmnj_| Vmo g^do Zmht. H$mhoV|? godm H$aV
gmjmV go` d$nH$s g`moJmZw^y{V dV N>m{S>Ho$ {d`moJmZw^y{V H$[adoHo$
H$mO H$moD$ Jh`mJ H$ao V~ Vmo ^JdmpVH$s H$m_Zm IpS>V ^`r Om{Zò.
AWdm ^Jd_y{V_| ^JdX^md IpS>V ^`mo Om{Zò. Oog| H$moD$ o{_H$m AnZ|
{`V_V| {~Nw>admo Zmht MmhV ho n[a H$~h {d{YdemV {~Nw>ao Vmo VmH$m|
{dahVmn hmoV ho. n[a H$moD$ `{^Mm[aUr AnZ| Omagm| {_bdoH$s AmVwaVm_| O~
n{VHo$ naXoeJ_ZH$mo X`_| _ZmoaW H$aV hmo`, AWmV {~Nw>admo MmhV hmo`,
Vhm n{Vo_ IpS>V ^`mo V~ Om{Zò.
Oog| dV_mZH$mb_| H$Nw>H$ d_mJu` emr h AnZ| _mWo {~amOVo d$nH$s
godm N>m{S>Ho$ R>moa-R>moano ^mJdVgVmh H$aV h|. BZ ^mJdVH$WmZ_| H$Wm
H$hV-H$hV H$R>mdamoY A AlwnmV H$mo AmS>~ah OVmdV h|. _mZmo ^pVH$s
`gZXem {g hmo` J`r hmo`! n[a dVwV AnZo go`d$n_| Egr na_mgpV
{g ^B hmo` Vmo H$mhoH$m| godm N>m{S>Ho$ R>moa-R>moa ^Q>{H$dmo M{hò! O~ godm
N>m{S>Ho$ CXaâUmW R>moa-R>moa ^Q>{H$dmo AmN>mo bmJV ho V~ Vmo d$nmgpV
IpS>V ^B Om{Zò, A d$nmgpVHo$ A^md_| H$Q> H$R>mdamoY A
AlwnmV H$moh _yb H$maU {d`moJ Z hmoB nmfS>`moJhr hmoV ho.
Vmgm| {d`moJmW g`mg_| H$V`monXoe Jhr` ^moJdmgZmHo$ `mJmW ho,
A `moOZmonXoe dam`gmYZmH$mo Z hmoB {d`moJgmYZmH$mo ho, ""^moJm^md
VXd {g{V `Xm Jhn[a`mJ''- ""Vme`m{n gVV JohWmZ
{dZmeH$_'' BZ dMZZgm|. gmoh Jh_| ^JdgodmHo$ A{ZdmhH$s Xem_|. VmV|
^pV_mJ_| `h JmUH$n ^pV_mJmO_mVS>m`_mZ lr_hm^yZH$m| Ano{jV
Zmht ho.
{ejmbmoH$s
509
^pVH$mo nydm _hm`kmZH$m| _m`mo ho. Vmgm| _hm`kmZHo$ {g

^òV| bmoHo$fUm, {dmofUm AWdm ~m{df`gwIofUm H$mo _mhm` \w$aV Zmqh
ho VmV| Akm{ZOZ gwb^ ^_`moJ g^do Zmht. A ^pVH$mo CmamVmo gwT>
gdVmo@{YH$ ZohH$m| _m`mo ho. Vm H$[a AmYw{ZH$ emrZH$s CXaârH$Wm_|
H$Q> hmoVmo {d (nmfS>) `moJ ({dmmonmOZH$mo Cnm`) h g^do Zmht. Vmgm|
{g hmoV ho Omo lr_hm^yZZ| Om H$maH$mo g`mg JhU {H$`mo gmo MVwWml_$n
H$__mJu` g`mghr hVmo. gmoh bmoH$JmoMa Xoh-Xoe n[a`mJH$s ^JdXmkm
nmbZ_| AmZwf[H$ H$_ hVmo. Vmgm|hr "AVH$aU~moY'_| Amn Amkm H$aV
h|:""Amkd H$m`m gVV dm{_mohmo@`Wm ^doV''.
`hm e>m hmo` gHo$ Omo V~ lrh[aamÒrZ| AnZo AZoH$ JWZ_| A
lr_hm^yZZ| "{ZamoYbjU'JW_| ""`M XwI èmoXm`m ZXmXrZm M
JmoHw$bo Jmo{nH$mZmVw `X XwI VX XwI `mZ __ d{MV'' dMZ_| {dahXwI H$s Omo H$m_Zm XagmB VmH$s g{V H$hm Om{Zò?
`hm gdW_ lr_hm^yZHo$ dMZH$mo A{^m` ^JdmZ_| OrdH$mo {ZamoY
Ho$go {g hmo` VmH$s gmYZmHo$ $n_| godmHo$ AZdga_| H$moZgr ^mdZm H$aZr
gmo g_wPmdZmo ho. Vhm H$mo Omo ""Oogo JmoMmaUH$s {~[a`m ZXèmoXm A
JmonrOZZ H$m| {dah-Vmn ahVmo Egmo {dahVmn, godmHo$ AZdga_|, _moH$m| H$~
hmo`Jmo!'' gmo Egmo _ZmoaW OJm`doH$mo CnXoe `m bmoH$_| ho. `m{h JWHo$ Xygao
bmoH$_| ""JmoMmaU H$[aHo$ dO_| nYmaVo ^yZHo$ H$maU Oogmo godmgwI JmoHw$b_|
Jmo{nH$m VWm gH$b dOdmgrZ H$m| hmoV ho Vogmo gwI _moH$m| ^Jdgodm H$aV
H$~ hmo`Jmo!'' `mHo$ _ZmoaW OJm`doH$moh CnXoe ho. V|go {h Vrgao bmoH$_| {OZ
nw{>^VZgm| H$mh H$maUgm| ^Jdgodm {Z^Vr Z hmo` {VZH$m| CdmJ_ZHo$
g_` {~ah-VmnH$s VrdVmde ^JdH$WmH$mo _hmZ Cgd {g ^`mo V|go
H$moD$ ^JdXr`Ho$ gmW ^JdH$WmHo$ ggHo$ gw_hmZ CgdHo$ _ZmoaW OJm`doH$moh
CnXoe ho. BZ VrZ bmoH$Z_|- "__'-"_o'-"_o _Z{g'`m| Cm_nwfdMZH$mo
`mo J lr_hm^y Z Z | {H$`mo ho gmo , Oo g o H $ Uml`_|
""{ddoH$Y`^`m{Xa{hV`...__'' `moJ {H$`mo ho gmo dm{^m`H$ Z
{ejmbmoH$s
510
hmoB {ZOOZm{^m`H$ ho V|go g_wPZmo. H$mhoV|? nw{>_mJu` OrdZH$m| eaUmJ{V

H$aV {~[a`m AmnwZr {Z:gmYZVmH$s ^mdZm H$aZr MBò VmHo$ CnXoemW ho,
V|gho r godm-H$Wmo^`namÙ AWdm Ho$dbH$WmnamÙ nw{>^VZH$m| Ho$gr ^mdZm
H$[adoV| CZH$s ^pV {ZamoYXgmHy$ mV hmoV ho VmHo$ CnXoemW ho. H$mhoV|?
lr_hm^y Amn d`Ho${bò Vmo ""Ah {Zmo amoYoZ {ZamoYnXdtJV:'' Amkm
H$aV h|. VmV| {ZamoYH$s \$bXemH$mo Amn Vmo gdXmhr AZw^d H$aV h|. VmV|
{ZamoYH$s gmYZ$nm ^mdZmH$mo _ZmoaW AmnwZ| d`Ho$ H$mO {H$`mo hmo` gmo
g^do Zmht.
A lrh[aamÒr ^JdgodmV| A{YH$ {d`moJH$m| _mZVhVo Vmo H$mhoV|
godm N>m{S>Ho$ A g`mgJhU H$[aHo$ {d`moJ Z {H$ò? VmV| AmnH$mo Vmn`
h {Z`godmHo$ AZdga_|hr {d`moJH$s na_\$bVmH$m| drH$m[a~mo C{MV ho.
gmo `m {ejmbmoH$s_| _w`doZ nmM CnXoe lr_hm^yZZ| {Xò h|:
(1) Omo nw{>_mJu` OrdH$m| H$~h ~{h_wI Zmht ~ZZmo MBò.
(2) Omo nw{>_mJu` OrdH$m| AnZo nw{>^wH$s ^pV AWdm eaUmJ{Vh
bmoH$m{WVmgm| Zmht H$aZr.
(3) `m bmoH$_| AWdm nabmoH$_| nw{>OrdHo$ gdd Vmo nw{>^w lrH$Uhr
hmoV h|.
(4) Vmgm| gdWm H$UmWu doHo$ gd^mdgm| H$Ugodm H$aZr.
(5) Om nw{>OrdH$mo Om_| {hV hmo` Egmo gJamo H$m_ lrJmonrOZdb^
lrH$Uhr H$aV h|. H$mb-dH$_-d^md-A`Xod AWdm A`
H$mhH$s H$Ny> gm_` `hm Zmqh ho Egmo {ddmg gdXm amIZmo.
{ejmbmoH$s
511
Vhm gdW_ nw{>_mJu` OrdH$m| H$~h ~{h_wI Zmht ~ZZmo MBò gmo
H$hV h|:
`Xm ~{h_w I m: `y ` ^{d`W H$WMZ&&
VXm
H$mbdmhWm
Xo h {MmmX`mo @ `w V &&1&&
gd W m ^j{``pV `w _mZ B{V _{Va __&
`Xm=O~, `y`=Vw_
H$WMZ=H$moB^r H$magy
~{h_wIm:=~{h_wI
^{d`W=hmoCJo
VXm=V~, H$mbdmhWm:=
H$mbdmh_| aho ^ò
Xoh{MmmX`:=Xoh-{Mm Am{X
A{n=^r, CV={ZM`hr
`w_mZ=Vw_Hw$
gdWm=g~ Vahgy
^j{``pV=Im` Om`Jmo
B{V=Egmo, __=_oamo
_{V:=_mZZmo
(ApV=ho)
^mdmW : O~ Vw_ H$moD$ H$maV| ~{h_wI ~{Z OmAmoJo V~ H$mbHo$ dmh_|

~{hdodmao {Vhmaohr Xoh{Mmm{X {Vhmamohr ^jU gdWm H$[a b|Jo Egmo _oamo _m{Zdmo
(_V) ho.
H$mbdmh A ^pVdmh
Q>rH$m : bmoH$_| Omo H$Nw> OS>dVw CnZ hmoV ho VmH$mo AmO Zmht Vmo H$m{b Zme
Vmo hmoVhr ho. V|gohr Ordg{>_|h Omo OZ_V ho VmH$mo _`wh Ad`^mdr ho. VmV|
bmoH$_| Omo H$Nw> `V AWdm H$Q> ho gmo H$moC Z H$moC {XZm A`V AWdm
{Vamo{hV hmo` Om`doHy$ H$mbHo$ dmh_| ~{h amo ho. ò H$mbh H$mb-H$_d^md-H${V-nwfHo$ _yb$n Aja~H$mo EH$ gm_` ho. BZ nM{dY
VdZgm| K{Q>V ja OJVH$mo CnmXmZ Aja~ ho. A O~ H$moD$ dmhr Ord,
H$mb-H$_-d^md-H${V-nwf$n_| `V Ego ja OJV_| Aja~H$mo
{ejmbmoH$s
512
ImoOV Zmqh V~ VmH$m| H$mbdmh_| ~mo OmVmo Om{Zò. gmo H$mbdmh_|

`Vgm| g~ H$Nw> A`V A A`V do nw{Z-nw{Z ja OJV_| `V hmoV
ahV ho. n[a Omo kmZr Aja~H$m| mV H$[a boV ho gmo ja `Vgm| Ny>{Q>Ho$
Aja A`VVmH$m| mV H$[a boV ho.
Oog| gyaOH$s Yyn AWdm ^m_S>b gyaO Ho$ Mmam| Amoa `m{n ahV hoOog| nwnH$s gwJY CndZ_| Mmam| Amoa `m{n ahV ho, V|go nyU nwfmom_ {X`
ZamH${V lrH$UHo$ Mmam| Amoa nyU nwfmom_H$s Y_$n An[apN>Z gmm,
MoVZm A AmZX Hy$ "Aja~' H$hV h|. VmV| Aja~, `m{h OJVH$mo
"CnmXmZH$maU'h H$mo OmV ho, gmo nyU nwfmom_H$mo Y_$n ho A Ym_$nh
ho. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo Cn{ZfX_| H$mo J`mo ho Omo ""na_m_m AnZr _{h_m_|
AdpWV ho, A` H$h Zmht''. VmV| kmZ_mJu nwfmom_Ho$ A`V Ym_H$m|
mV H$aV h| A ^pV_mJu AjaYm__| {~amO_mZ Ym_r nwfmom_H$m| mV
H$aV h|. gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm `h OmZZmo Omo kmZrH$m| nwfmom_Ho$ Ho$db _mhm`H$mo
gmjmH$ma hmoV ho. Oog| H$Vwar_JH$m| H$VwarH$s gwJY Vmo {_bV ho n[a
H$Vwar {_br gH$V Zmht. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo H$Vwar_J A H$Vwar Ho$ ~rM
Am`pVH$ AôX^md hmo`doV|. A H$moD$ r-nwf AnZ| dno AWdm An|
H$Ny>H$ gwJYr Ama bJm` b| V~ Om gwJYr nwnH$mo Ama bJm`mo hmo` VmH$s
gwJY Vmo Amdo. gwJYr Ama bJm` H$moD$ Ka_| doe H$ao V~ H$mhHy$ ^_Umh
do OmV ho _mZm| gwJYr nwn Ka_| Amò hm|`! n[a Egr ^_UmHo$ H$maU nwnH$s
mpV hmoV Zmht. gmo H$mhoV|? gmo nwnH$s H${_ gwJY YmaU H$[adodmao nwf
A Vm gwJYH$m| ghO YmaU H$[adodmao nwn Ho$ ~rM Am`pVH$ ôX hmoV ho.
V|go {h AkmZr dmhr OrdZH$m|h dm ^y_m-na_mZXH$s H${_ A jw
_mmdmao {df`gwI_| H$~h na_mZXH$s CnbpY hmo` gH$V Zmht. Oog| Jwbm~_|
\y$bHo$ emoIrZH$mo gwJYr Jwbm~H$mo \y$b {_{bdon| nwn A gwJY AWmV Y_u
A Y_ XmoD$ {_{b OmV h| V|go ^VZH$m| _mhm`kmZHo$ VWm gwT> gdVmo{YH$
ZohHo$ ~bgm| AjaYm_ VWm Ym_r nwfmom_ C^`H$s mV do OmV ho. Vhm
_mhm`kmZHo$ ~bV| O~ AôX \w$aVmo hmo` Vmo gwT> ZohHo$ ~bV| ôXh \w$aV
ho A gwT> ZohHo$ ~bV| AôX \w$aVmo hmo` Vmo _mhm`kmZHo$ ~bV| ôXh
\w$aV ho. Vmgm| ^pV_| ôXg{hUw AôX dmamo VmXm` \w$aV ho.
{ejmbmoH$s
513
Vmgm| ^V Vmo ja-`V OJVHo$ CnmXmZ ^yV Aja A`VHo$ Ym__|

{Z` {dhma H$[adodmao {X`-`pV Ego nwfmom_H$mo Adb~Z mV H$[aHo$
O_-`m{Y-Oam-_`w_b
y H$ emoH$-_mohdmao {df`mZXV|; A AO-A`m{YAOa-A_a n[a Ho$db emVagm_H$ ~mZXV|h, ~{MHo$ {X`-brbm{dJhdmao gdagm_H$ nwfmom_mZXH$m| mV H$[a gH$V ho.
VmV| {df`mZX Vmo H$mbH$s g[aVmHo$ dmh_| H$Q> hmo`dodmao emoH$_mohHo$ AmdVZ_| OrdH$m| \$gm{`Ho$ Sw>~mo` XoV ho. ~mZX Vmo Egmo Om{Zò Omo
Ob_| Sw>{~ Om`doHo$ S>aV| H$moD$ ObHo$ g_rn Z OmV hmo` Vmo VmH$m| lmn AWdm
daXmZ Xo`Ho$ H$moB Ob$nhr ~Zm` Xo! gmo Ob Vmo Ob_| Sw>~o Zmht n[a ObH$m|
ObnmZH$mo gVmof A ObZmZV| mV dN>Vm-ewVm A Ob{dhmaH$s
gZVm H$mo bm^h Vmo {_{b gH$V Zmht! VmV| ^VH${d X`mam_^mB H$hV
h| : ""ObZo emo ObZmo dmX OZ OwXmo a{h nm_| AmbmX. godmo lrH$U
H$nmi!''
VmV| {df`mZXrHo$ Xohop`m{X H$mbdmhHo$ emoH$-_mohHo$ AmdVZ_| dmhr
OrdZH$m| Sw>~mo` XoV h|. ~mZXr VmV| S>[aHo$ Xohpo `m{XH$ZH$m| N>m{ S>H$o Aja~Ho$
EoH$m`_| Xw~{H$ OmV ho. n[a ^pVH$s g[aVm Vmo H$nm{gYwHo$ na_mZXH$s
bharZH$mo Abm{H$H$ gwI Xohop`m{XH$Zgm| {Xdm`don|h H$~h Sw>~modV Zmht.
VmV| lr_hm^w Amkm H$aV h|- Omo ^pV^mdny[aV ^Jdg_{nV {df`ZH$mo
gmXJhU$n Abm{H$H$ Cn^moJH$m| N>m{S>Ho$ H$moD$ d_mJu` Ord O~ Ag_{nV
{df`ZHo$ Cn^moJ_| \${g OmV ho V~- dmo Ord em_`mXmV|h My`mo A
nw{>^pVV|h a{hV ^`mo. gmo dm OrdHo$ Xohop`m{XH$hr H$mbdmh_| OrdH$m|
~hmBHo$ emoH$-_mohHo$ AmdVZ_| \$gm{`Ho$ dmH$mo gdZme H$[a XoV h|. VmV|
nw{>OrdH$m| H$~h ~{h_wI OrdZH$s ZmB ^pV^mda{hV hmoZmo Z M{hò.
Vhm ò e>m hmoV ho Omo AnZmo _maJ Vmo _o`~bH$mo _maJ ho A {d{Y{ZfoYH$mo _mU~b _o`Ho$ AmJo Vmo {Q>H$ gH$V Zmqh. VmV| nw{>_maJ_| nw{>^wgm|
g~Y Owao nmN>o H$mbH$s H$hm gm_` Omo nw{>^yZV| Nw>S>m`Ho$ ArH$V
{ejmbmoH$s
514
{ZOOZH$mo Zme H$[a gHo$! godm\$bh_| ""\$b dm {YH$mamo dm Z H$mbmo@

{Z`m_H$:'' V|go {h gd{ZU`{Z~Yh_| ""Am{n doX{ZXm`m_ AY_H$aUmV VWm, ZaHo$ Z ^doV nmV:'' H$mo ho. VmV| H$mbH$s H$Nw> gm_` `m
_o`_maJ_| g^do Zmht.
`m e>mH$mo g_mYmZ Ego Om{Zò Omo lr_hm^yZH$s AmkmZwgma ^pV_maJno
MbV H$moD$ nw{>OrdV| AkmZde AWdm _mXde H$Nw> em{d H$` do
Om` VmH$m| hrZ`mo{Z Vmo {_bo n[a ZaH$nmV Z hmo`. V|go {h godm\$bHo$ dMZH$mo
A{^m`h `m| OmZZmo Omo Abm{H$H$ gm_`H$s AWdm gm`w`-godmon`mo{JXohH$s
mpV_| H$mbH$s {Z`m_H$Vm Zmqh. n[a `m {h godm\$b JW_| ^moJ, CoJ A
{V~Y H$m| godm\$bH$s mpV_| ~mYH$ Vmo _mZ| {h ho. Vmgm| _o`~bHo$ âmogo
H$moD$ `m _maJ_| dN>XVm ~a{Vdmo Mmho Vmoh H$Nw> hm{Z Zmht Ego Z _m{Zò.
gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm `h OmZZmo Omo Am_g_nU ^òV| {OZ nM{dY XmofZH$s
godm_| ~mYH$Vm {Zdm hmoV ho Vm Am_g_nUH$s B{VH$V`Vm_| gm{_^wVH$mo
g_nU A Ag_{nVH$mo Cn^moJ d{OV _m`mo ho. Vmgm| gm{_^wVHo$ g_nU
A Ag_{nVHo$ Cn^moJ {H$òV| g_nU {h nyU Z ^`mo Om{Zò. V~ OrdH$moh
ArH$ma ^`mo Z Om{Zò. V~ H$mbH$m| Ego OrdH$mo ^jU H$[ado_| H$hm ~mYm
n[a gHo$?
H$WMZ
Vmgm| `m _maJ_| lr_hm^w VWm lr^wMaU H$s AmkmZH$mo Omo Om{Z~y{PHo$ CbKZ H$aV ho VmH$m| Jwmohr, _mJmohr VWm ^JdXmohr OmZZmo. A
Vr`m|ZH$mo Omo moh H$aV ho gmo Vmo Am_moh {h H$aV ho.
Vmgm| {gmV_wVmdbr_| H$hr J`r ar{Vgm| {d O~ H$moD$ ZmXg{>H$mo
AWdm {~Xwg{>H$mo d_mJu Ho$db VZwOm godm AWdm Ho$db {dmOm godm H$aV
hmo` Vmo VmH$mo AY:nmV {ZpMV Om{Zò. gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm `h g_PZmo Omo
VZw{dmOm godmH$mo VZwOm A {dmOm godm_| {d^mOZ {H$òV| Xod`V|
^JdgodmH$mo H$ma `mnmaYYm H$s `mB MbV ho. VmV| XodbH$Vm, Xod`mnhma
A Xod`mon^moJ H$mo AnamY bmJV ho. gmo lr_hm^yZZ| n> Amkm H$sZr
{ejmbmoH$s
515
ho""gmo Vmo ^moJ lrR>mHw$aOr AmnhrHo$ `H$mo AmamoJo gmo Amnhr

H$mo ^`mo. Omo lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ` ImòJmo gmo _oamo Zmht A _oamo
godH$ ^JdXr` hmo`Jmo gmo Xod` H$~h Z Im`Jmo. Omo Im`Jmo
gmo _hmn{VV hmo`Jmo. VmV| dm gmX_|V| ^moOZ H$[adoH$mo AnZmo
A{YH$ma Z hVmo. dmHo${bò JmoAZH$m| Idm`mo A ~`mo gmo
lrO_w Z mOr_|
nYam`mo ' '.
Vmgm| ^JdgodmW Omo {~Xwg{> Ho$ OK`H$moQ>rHo$ d_mJu bmoH$mWu
~hYm ZmXg{>H$m| {dmOm godm H$[adoH$s Amkm H$aV h| A ZmXg{> Ho$h Xw^mJr
bmoH$mWu Ord VZwOmgodm H$am`doH$m| {dmOm godm H$aV h| {VZH$m| lr_hm^yZHo$
_mJ_| _hmn{VV ~{h_wI H$[a OmZZ|. ò W_ H$ma ^`mo ~{h_wIVmH$mo.
Vog| {h "nw{>dmh_`mXm' JW_| lr_hm^yZZ| g_wPm`mo ho Omo nw{>OrdH$m|
bm{H$H$-d{XH$ H$nQ>gm| {Z^mZ| A dUdr ^pV {ZH$nQ> ghOVmgm| {Z^mZr.
`mgm| {d Om`Ho$ H$moD$ bmoHo$fUm AWdm {dmofUm AWdm {eòfUm gy
der^yV hmo`Ho$ AnZo go`^yZHo$ ~S>o-~S>o _ZmoaW OZVmH$m| {XIm`doH$mo H$aV
hmo` V~ bm{H$H$-d{XH$ Vmo {ZbO-{ZH$nQ> {H$`mo Om{Zò n[a dUd ^pV
Vmo H$nQ>V| {g ^`r Om{Z`mo. gmo òh ~{h_wIVmH$mo Xygamo H$ma ho.
V|go {h "{gmVah`' JW_| lr_hm^yZZ | Amkm H$s{Z ho Omo ""{Zdo{X{^:
g_`d gd Hw$`mX B{V pW{V:'' A ""godH$mZm `Wm bmoHo$ `dhma:
{g{V, VWm H$m` g_`d''. Vmgm| {Zdo{XV gdg_nUmp_H$m godmHo$
H$mO ~g~Y {X`mo-{b`mo M{hò. n[a OmH$s godm_| Egr {M AWdm
gm_` Z hmo` VmH$m|h Am_{ZdoXZH$s Xrjm Xo`don| AZ{YH$marH$m| _XmZ
H$[ado$n Zm_{dH$`mnamY hmoV ho. gmo Ego _Ho$Vm A _{dHo$Vm XmoZm|ZH$m|
~{h_wI Om{Zò. ò Vrgao H$maH$s ~{h_wIVm ho.
V|gohr "ZdaZ'Ho$ H$me_| lr^wMaU n> Amkm H$aV h|- ""XmZo {h
{ejmbmoH$s
516
Z d{Z`moJ: ZVw {ZdoXZo'' AWmV AnZ| go` ^yZH$m| d` godmH$Vm AWdm

A` H$mhZo Omo H$Nw> godmon`mJr AZ-d-Am^yfU Am{X dVw AWdm `
XmZ qH$dm ôQ> $noU Xr{Z hmo` VmH$mo, ^JdgmXH$mo ~hmZmo H$[aHo$, AmnwZ|
Cn^moJ_| bmdZr Zmht. VmV| "{gmVah`'_|- ""XmmnhmadMZ VWmM
gH$b hao:, Z Jm_ B{V dm` {h {^Z_mJna _V_'' dMZH$moh H$Ny>H$
dmWmY d_mJu Egmo AW H$aV h| Omo `m _maJ_| Vmo XmZH$mo H$ma ho hr Zmht.
gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm D$na H$mo dMZ H${h gwZmdV h|. naVw Am_{ZdoXZmZVah
Omo H$Nw> AnZo ^yZH$m| AnZ AWdm A` H$moD$ H$Ny> ôQ> Yao gmo Vmo g_nU
Zmqh, VmH$m| Vmo XmZhr g_PZmo M{hò. A`Wm H$moD$ dUd H$Ny> dVw AWdm
` Jmodm{_~mbH$ZH$m|h JwôQ>Ho$ $n_| Y[aHo$ ""{Zdo{X{^: g_`d gd
Hw$`mX'' H${hHo$ H$mho nmN>o bo` gH$V Zmqh? gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm Cpb{IV
dMZ- ""XmmnhmadMZ... Z Jm{_{V {^Z_mJna _V'' H$mhoV| _mU
Zmqh ~ZmoJo?
H$moD$ H$hV h|- Omo dUd OZVmh Vmo AmnwZrhr ho, A doh AmnwZ|hr
JwZH$m| VWm JwZHo$ go` ^yZH$m| AmnwZ|hr _m{ZHo$ Omo H$Nw> ôQ>-gm_Jr
nYamdV h|, gmo AmnwZr dm{_dH$s AmnwZohr H$m`_| bJmdV h|. VmV| Oog|
AmnwZ| Ka-n[adma_| H$moD$ JhW H$Ny>H$ ` Ho$ dVw Xodo gmo XmZ Z hmoB,
AmnwZ|hr H$m`_| {d{Z`moJ H$mo OmV ho Vog|hr `m| Z g_{Pò? gmo gwZV Egmo
^md OJV ho _mZmo ""CXmaM[aVmZm Vw dgwYd Hw$Qw>~H$_''. gmo Egmo AmXm`
A Hw$Qw>~^md hmo`dono Oog| Jmodm{_ ~mbH$ZHo$ R>mHw$aHo$ H$mO OZVmH$mo `
{b`mo OmV ho Vog| OZVmHo$ R>mHw$aOrZHo$ H$mO Jmodm{_~mbH$ H$mho ôQ>gm_JrH$mo {d{Z`moJ Zmqh H$amdV h|! Vmgm| `m XodbH$VmHo$ N>b-nMH$m|h
~{h_wIVmH$mo MmoWmo H$ma H$[a g_PZmo.
h| A` XodZH$s eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pV V| lrH$UH$s eaUmJ{V VWm ^pV

H$s ^mdZm {e{Wb hmoV ho. gmo VmHo$ {e{Wb ^ò nmN>o {ddoH$ A Y` ah| Vmo
H$hm bm^ AWdm Jò Vmo H$hm hm{Z, `m _maJ_| {ddoH$ A Y` H$s Omo H$Nw>
Amd`H$Vm ho gmo eaUmJ{V A ^pV H$s ajmHo$ {bò. gmo Oog| Zo hmo`dono
AmN>mo XrIo VmH$[a CnZo (M_m) H$s Anojm ahV ho n[a AmYao ^ò nrN>o Vmo
AmnwZmo AYd AmoaZH$m| Xrgo Zmqh. VmV| hao M_m H$moD$ nhaV h|. n[a MmbT>mbV| H$moZ Z Om{Z OmV ho Omo M_m Vmo n{hadodmaoH$s AmYar AmI H$moD$ XoI
Z nmdo VmHo$ H$mO n{har amIo h|, M_m H$Nw> Xo{IdoHo$ Zmqh h|. Vmgm|
A`ml`H$mo AnamYh lrH$UeaUmJV AWdm lrH$U^V nw{>_mJu`Ho${bò
Vmo ~{h_wIVmH$mohr nmM_mo H$ma Om{Zò.
Vog|hr MVw:bmoH$s_| lr_hm^wZ| CnXoe {X`mo ho Omo AnZo go` ^wH$m|
Abm{H$H$ {Z{Y _m{Z dO^VZHo$ gd{dY^mdZgm| ^{Odmo M{hò. Vhm AnZo
_mWo {~amOVo d$nH$m| AmnwZmo gdd Z _m{Z H$moD$ A`Ho$ _mWo {~amOVo
R>mHw$aOrH$m| d^d, _|S>-_aOmX-Anag AWdm A` H$Nw>H$ AmS>~anyU AWdm
dmVd_| ^mdnyU Cnm{YZHo$ de A`mgpV H$ao VWm dO^VZHo$ {ZN>b
^mdZH$s ^mdZm AnZm _mWo {~amOVo R>mHw$a_| Z amIo gmoh AnZo _mWo {~amOVo
R>mHw$aH$mo gwI {dMm[a Z gHo$. gmo H$s{Z ^B godmh {~ZH$s{Z{g ~{Z Omdo. VmV|
AmYw{ZH$ d_mJu` dUdZ_| gmdO{ZH$ Xodb`Z_| {~amOVo d$nZH$s d`Ho$
_mWo {~amOVo R>mHw$aH$s `mnm[aH$ Umbrgm| H$[a OmVr godmdmao R>mHw$aOrH$m|
gmjmV nwfmom_$ngm| _m{Zdmo A dJh_| {gmVar{Vgm| H$[a OmVr godmdmao
d$nH$m| Jw^mdgm| ^{OdoH$s Omo ^mpV \o$bmB Omdo ho gmoh ~{h_wIVmH$mo N>R>mo
H$ma ho.
V|gohr AV:H$aU~moY, {ddoH$Y`ml` VWm H$Uml` JWZmam

lr_XmMm`MaUZ| nw{>OrdZH$m| `h g_Pm`mo ho Omo AmnwZ| nw{>^wH$mo bm{H$H$
dm_rH$s ZmB Z _mZZmo A do nw{>OrdH$m| gwI-Xw:I_| Oog|h amIV h| V|go
a{hHo$ Amnw{Z eaUmJ{V VWm ^pV Ho$ ^mdH$s gwajm H$aZr. Vhm {ddoH$Y`h
H$~h Ny>{Q> OmV hm|` Vmoh AmnwZr AZ`Vm N>moS>Zr Zmht. gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm H$hV
V|goB ^pVd{YZr, ObôX Am{X JWZ_| H$moZH$m| godm-H$Wm C^`njH$mo

Adb~Z H$aZmo A H$moZH$m| Ho$db H$WmnjV|h H$maO g[a gHo$; VWm godm
Omgm| dJh_| {Zô Zmht VmH$m| godmnamÙ ^JdXr`H$s naMmaJr ""AXyao
{dH$f} dm `Wm {Mm Z Xw`{V'' dMZmoV H$magm| H$aZr B`m{X g~
H$ma ~Vm`mo ho. Vhm ^md T> ^ò {~Zmh A A`mdm hmo`don|h Omo H$moD$
H$WmH$nH$mo JhU H$aV h| gmo `{X godm`mo`Vm mV H$[adoH$m| H$aV hm|` V~
{ejmbmoH$s
{ejmbmoH$s
517
518
Vmo H$Ny> Xmof Zmqh n[a AW-`m{V Am{X Xw> `moOZde `{X H$WmH$nH$mo
JhU H$aV h|, ""godm`m dm H$Wm`m dm'' dMZHo$ N>bV|, V~ gmo gmV_mo H$ma
~{h_wIVmH$mo g_PZmo.
V|goB AmnwZ| Ka_| godm Z {Z^doV| godmnamÙ ^JdXr`H$s naMmaJrH$mo
Omo CnXoe {X`mo VmHo$ N>bgm| dm ^JdXr`H$s VZw{dmOmH$m| Omo VZwOm AWdm
{dmOm godm_| IpS>V H$[a XoV h| gmoh ~{h_wIVmH$mo AmR>_m| H$mahr ho. _yb_|
Vmo `m{h AmkmH$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ mMrZ Jmodm_r ~mbH$ dUdZH$m| AnZo
R>mHw$aOrH$s godm_| naMmaJrH$s Amkm XoV hmo`J|. gmo dV_mZ_| H${bH$mbHo$
~bdmZ hmo`doV| lr_XmMmàUHo$ Abm{H$H$ deOh {gmV{dnarV VZwOm
godm H$[adodmao OK`H$maHo$ nwOm[a ~{Z Jò Ama dUd {dmOm godm H$[adodmao
XeZmWu, _ZmoaWr A ^>r-Q>>r ~{Z Jò. Vhm lr_hm^wZH$mo {ejmbmoH$
gmMmo n`m} Om{Zò!
A`ml`hr hmoV ho. gmo Am`ml`V| Ord ~{h_wI do OmV ho.

(2).
Ag_{nVH$mo Cn^moJ eaUmJ{V_| ~mYH$ hmoV Zmht. n[a ^pVHo$ godmH$n,
Ka_| R>mHw$a dm{_^mdV| {~amOV h|, gmo Vm_| Ag_{nVH$mo Cn^moJ {H$òV|
godH$^md IpS>V hmoV ho. Vm H$[a {ZO go`^yZH$s ^mdmp_H$m {ZO
dm{_Vmh {Vamo{hV do OmV ho. VmV| gm{_^wVg_nU A Ag_{nVmon^moJ ò
XmoD$ ~{h_wIVm gnmXH$ h|. ~h[a g_nU AnZo Ka_| {~amOVo ^yZH$m|hr
g^d ho. XygaoHo$ _mWo {~amOVo R>mHw$aOrHo${bò Omo H$Nw> H$moD$ XoV ho VmH$m|
g_nU Z Om{Z XmZ qH$dm ôQ>hr OmZZr MBò. gmo ò H$ma Xod`H$mo ^`mo
VmHo$ Cn^moJV| Xod`mon^moJH$mo nm{V`H$mar AnamY hmoV ho. Vog|B godmH$Vm
d`h ôQ> Y[adoHo$ {deof^mdV| Omo H$Nw> {ZO ^yZH$m| XoV ho gmoh Xod` ^`mo,
OmHo$ Cn^moJV| nw{>Ord _hmn{VV do OmV ho. gmo Vmo Ag_{nVHo$ Cn^moJhV|
_hma AnamY ho.
lrm[aHo$eOrZ| ~{h_wIVmHo$ H$maUV`m Mma ~mV {XIbmBh|(3).

AgXmbmn, OmV| {MmH$s ^JddUVm_| `dYmZ hmo` gmoh OrdHo$
~{h_wI ~{ZdoH$mo hoVw ~ZV ho. ò eaUmJ{V A ^pV C^` ~mYH$ ho.
1.A`ml`
2.Ag{_V dVwH$mo Cn^moJ
3.AgXmbmn
4.Agg.
(1).
Vhm eaUmJ{V VWm ^pV XmoC_| A`ml` ~mYH$ hmoV ho. {Z`Z{_{mH$ lmV H$_ VWm dUml_rZH$m| Ad`mZw>o` gH$ma-m`pMV-lmm{X
_mV H$_Z_| H$_m Oo A` Xod h| {VZHo$ nyOZ-dXZ_| A`ml` Xmof Zmqh
ho. n[a A`XodZH$mo CnmgZm^pVHo$ H$mO Oo _pXa h| {VZ_| XeZ nyOZ VdZ
gmXJhU H$[ado dV-Mbm`Ho$ OBdmo {ZpMV$ngy A`ml` _m`mo Om`
ho. H$h OmV _maJ_| H$moD$ A`XodH$mo _pXa Amdo Vhm dXZ`dhma A`ml`
Zmqh ho. H$m_Zmny{VHo$ H$mO Vmo lmVH$__|h A`XodZH$mo nyOZ-dV-mWZm
{ejmbmoH$s
519
(4).
Agg Vmo Oog| mMrZH$mb_| ^pV^md{damoYr r-nwfZH$mo g
H$mo OmVmo Vog| `monmOZHo$ hoVw ^mJdVH$Wm H$[adodmaoZH$mo g VWm Q>r.dr.{dS>r`moH$mo gh ~{h_wI ~Zm`do_| dV_mZ_| A{V ~b XrIV ho. òD$
eaUmJ{V A ^pV XmoZm|_| ~mYH$ ho.
gmo BZ Mm`m] XmofZV| ~{h_wIVm H$Q> hmoV ho Vhm gXoh Zmht, naVw,
Egmoh ~hYm hmo` gHo$ Omo H$moD$ A` H$moD$ H$maUV| W_ ~{h_wI ~Zo Vm nmN>|
~{h_wIVmHo$ H$maU dm OrdH$s A`ml`, Ag_{nVmon^moJ, AgXmbmn AWdm
Agg_| d{m hmo`. VmV| ò Mm[a Oog| ~{h_wIVmHo$ H$maU h| Vog|B A`h
{ejmbmoH$s
520
H$maU hmo` gHo$ h|.

~{h_wIVm
Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo ~{h_wI ^òV| Amgwamdoe A AmgwamdoeV|
H$mbdmhnmV A H$mbdmhnmVV| gdZmeH$mo ^`>a {Z`_ Vmo H$moD$ g_{P
gHo$ n[a H$mho-H$mhoV| ~m{h_w` g^do VmH$s OmZH$mar ^ò {~Zm H$moD$ ~{Mdmo
MmhV hmo` VmoC Ho$g| ~Mo?
Vhm g_mYmZ$noU ò Om{Zò Omo "~{h_wIVm'nX H$mo dogo Vmo W_
A{^m` ^JdX{d_wIVm_| h|. Vhm "^JdX{d_wI' Z H$hr Omo "~{h_wI'H$mo
`moJ {H$`mo VmH$mo A{^m` Egmo ho Omo _`mXm_mJ_|h Ord ^Jd{_wI hmo`
gHo$, gmo ^JdX{d_wIVm nw{>_mJu`H$s ZmB _`mXm_mJu` Xmofh hmo` gH$V ho.
nw{>_mJ_| n[a ^JdmZH$mo d$n AmV[aH$ ^mdm_H$ V`mhr H$Q> hmoV ho. A
^mdm_Zm X`Ho$ ^rVa H$Q> hmo`Ho$ lr_hm^wH$s H$mZrV| {>JmoMa ~m
d$n_| A`mo-JmobH$`m`V| VmXm` mV H$aV ho. gmo gdW_ Vmo
`m{ndHw$R>pWV nw{>^VZHo$ ^mdmZw$n ^JdmZH$mo ^mdm_H$ d$n hmoV ho.
gmoB d$n ^yVbnoh nw{>OrdZno H$nm H$[a nw{>brbmHo$ gwIXmZ H$[adoH$m| dO_|
nyU H$bmZ g{hV H$Q> ^`mo. Vm{h d$nH$s ^pV H$am`Ho$ nw{>OrdZH$m|
nw{>^pV$n \$bXmZ H$[adoH$m| lr_XmMm`MaUH$mo ^yVbno mH$Q> ho. VmV|
am_, Zqgh, dm_Z Am{X AZoH$ $nZV| ^JdmZZ| nw{>brbm H$s{Z ho, VmoD$
lr_XmMm`MaU d{VV nw{>_maJr gXm`_| lr_XmMm`MaUHo$ ^mdgm| ^mdm_H$
""gdXm gd^mdoZ ÔZr`mo dOm{Yn:, d`m`_od Y_m} {h Zm`: dm{n
H$XmMZ'' dMZ{g nw{>d$nhr ÔZr` ho. Amoa gJao $n ^JdmZHo$ `Wm`W
dXZr` nyOZr` _aUr` hmo` gH|$ naVw dJh_| {Z`V`m ÔZr` Zmht. VmV|
lr_XmMm`MaUHo$ ^mdmZwgmar ^mdm_H$ dOYre lrH$UH$s eaUmJ{V AWdm
Ego lrH$UHo$ lr~mbH$U lr_XZ_mohZ lr{dQ>R>bZmW lrJmodYZZmW Am{X
AZoH$ $nZ_|V| H$moB EH$ d$n_| ""ò _oao _mWo {~amOVmo _oamo R>mHw$a ho'' Egmo
^md O~ H$moD$ Wm{nV H$aV ho V~ lr_hm^yZHo$ ^mdm_H$ AZoH$ d$nZ_|
godmH$VmHo$ godm_ZmoaWH$m| nyU H$[adoH$m| nw{>^V^mdm_H$ EH$ {dbjU d$n
H$Q> hmoV ho, lr_XmMm`MaUZH$s H$m{ZV|.
{ejmbmoH$s
521
Vmgm| eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pVHo$ H$WmH$n_| lr_hm^yZHo$ AmV[aH$

^mdgm| ^mdm_H$ d$n AWdm ^pVHo$ godmH$n_| lr_hm^yZHo$ VWm
godmH$VmHo$h AmV[aH$ ^mdZgm| ^Jdd$n ^mdm_H$ hmoV ho. gmo
AIS>~dmXHo$ {dMmaV| Vmo KQ>nQ>-JmoJX^m{X gH$b OS>-OrdH$mo {dVma
~hr ho n[a ÔZr`Vm Vhmhr _m` ho Ohm lr_XmMm`MaUZHo$ ^mdgm|
^mdm_H$VmH$mo mH$Q> ho. gmo _aU, ÔZ AWdm eaU Ho$ AZw>mZ_| OmoOmo gmdYmZr Ano{jV ho gmo-gmo A{Ve` ^ma Xo`Ho$ lr_hm^yZZ| H${h Xr{Z
ho. Vog|B {OZHo$ Z nm{bdoV| {VZHo$ _aU{damoYr, ÔZ{damoYr VWm eaU{damoYr
Omo-Omo Xwn[aUm_ H$Q> hmoV h| gmo h ~Vm` XrZo h|. {VZ gJao AnamYZV|
lr_hm^yZHo$ ^mdm_H$ nw{>nwfmom_Ho$ g OrdH$mo g~Y {Vamo{hV do OmV
ho. AVa_| ^md$ngm| {~amO_mZ ^Jdd$nV| {d_wI hmo`doHo$ H$maU Ord
"~{h_wI' H$mo OmV ho. Vmgm| ~{h_wIVm nw{>_mJu` Xmof ho.
Vmgm| lr_XmMm`MaUZHo$ CnXoemZwgma eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pV {H$òV|
lr_hm^yZHo$ ^mdgm| {d^m{dV nwfmom_H$mo mH$Q> A lr_XmMm`MaUZHo$
CnXoe{d JwVa AnamYZV| lr_hm^w^md{d^m{dV nwfmom_H$mo {VamoYmZ
hmoV ho. Vm H$[a ^JdX^mdH$moh {VamoYmZ hmoV ho. A VmV| Omo ^Jd{_wIVm
hmoV ho gmoB nw{>_mJ_| ~{h_wIVm H$hr OmV ho. `mH$m| Om{Z bodono ^JdXrH$V
nw{>OrdH$m| ~{h_wIVmV| ~{MdoH$mo Cnm`h gw~mo` hmo` OmV ho.
`Xm `y` ^{d`W
Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo lrJmonrZmWOr VWm lrJwgmBOr Vmo gmjmV ~bam_H$UH$mo mH$Q> h|. ""lrdb^{V{ZqY VoOmoamet X`mUd JwUmVrV
JwUm{ZqY lrJmonrZmW_''- "Ana: H$UmdVmamo OJ{V lr{dQ>R>b:''
Am{X dMZ `m _maJ_| gd_m` h|. Vog|B lr_hm^yZHo$ gmjmV godH$h
Xm_moXaXmg ^{V {Z`brbmn[aH$aHo$ _hmZw^md h|. {VZH$m| Ego H$R>moa dMZ
H$nm{Z{Y lr_hm^w Ho$g| H$ho?
{ejmbmoH$s
522
Vhm g_mYmZ ò Om{Zò Omo lr_hm^yZH$s {{dY g{> ho : deO A

CnXoeO. gmo deO Vmo gJao {~Xwg{> A CnXoeO ZmXg{> H$hdmdV h|. Vhm
""`Wm {nVm VWm nw:'' A ""`Wm Jw: VWm {e`:'' nanam`m`V| ^{d`_|
hmo`dodmao H$moD$ ZmXg{> AWdm {~Xwg{> Ho$ AnZo AmnHy$ lr_hm^wHo$ g_mZ
_m{ZHo$ {_`m Ah>ma H$[aHo$ OJV_| nwOm{`do bJ| Vmo {VZH$s nyOZr`VmH$s
H$gmoQ>r `m {ejmbmoH$sH$m| Om{Zò. `m H$gmoQ>rno Iamo gwdU {g hmo`dono
""`Wm {nVm VWm nw:''-""`Wm Jw: VWm {e`:'' nanam`m` m_m{UH$
Om{Zò. A`Wm `m H$gmoQ>rno ImoQ>mo R>h[adono nanam`m`_| H$Nw> `dYmZH$mo
{ZM` H$[a bodmo AmN>mo. VmV| gd{ZU`-{Z~Y H$m[aH$m ""H$Ugodmna
dr` ... {OkmgwamXamV'' Ho$ H$me_| Jwnarjm A {e`narjm H$mo Cnm`
lr_hm^yZZ| g_Pm`mo ho. Vmgm| dm g_` {d_mZ {~Xwg{>H$mo A ZmXg{>H$mo
`hm "`y`_' nXgm| nam_f Z Om{Zò n[a ""`Xm... ^{d`W'' Ho$ _`nmVr
"`y`_' nXV| ^{d`_| {Vhmar nanam_| hmo`dodmar {~Xwg{> A ZmXg{> Ho$
Ord O~ ~{h_wI do Omd|Jo V~ {dZHo$ H$mbdmhW Xoh{Mmm{X {dZH$mo ^jU
H$[a Omd|Jo Egr AWmoVZmp_H$m dmUr ho.
gdWm ^jU
Vhm EH$ e>m hmoV ho Omo ~{h_wIHo$ Xoh-{Mm Am{X H$mbdmhW hmo`Ho$
nw{>OrdH$mo ^jU H$[a Omd|Jo Ego H$mo n[a Vm H$[a H$hm Am_Zme, AWdm
Am_mH$mo nw{>_mJ_| daU {H$`mo ho gmo daUZme AWmV ~rO^mdH$mo Zme,
AWdm A>mja AWdm ~g~Y XrjmHo$ H$maU gmXm{`H$s eaUmJ{V
AWdm ^pV Ho$ A{YH$maH$mo Zme; AWdm eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pV Ho$
d$nH$mo Zme; AWdm BZHo$ AZw>mZ {H$òh V| H$moD$ \$b{g{ Z hmoòJr gmo
\$bZme, AWdm A` H$Nw> H$moD$ H$maH$mo Zme, BZ_|Vo H$hm Om{Zò?
Vhm Am_mH$m| ^JdXJrVm_| ""Xohr Vmo gdXm Ad` hmoV ho'' H${hHo$
A{dZmer {g {H$ò h|, VmV| Am_Zme Vmo g^do Zmht. Vog|B _mJdaUZme
qH$dm ~rO^mdZme h g^do Zmht. gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm lrJwgmBOrH$mo dMZ
""ArH $ {VM{Z`m'' _mU H$[a Om{Zò . VmV| ~rO^md AWdm
nw{>_mJmrH${V Vmo {Z` hmo`doV| Abm{H$H$ ho. VmH$mo bm{H$H$ XmofnyUm _{V,
{ejmbmoH$s
523
a{V AWdm H${V V| Zme g^do Zmht. gmXm{`H$s eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pV
Ho$ A{YH$maH$mo Omo bm{H$H$ d$n dVm_mZ_| ho dm_| Vmo ~hVoao nw{>_mJu
lr_hm^yZHo$ {gmVgm| gdWm {dmMaU-A`ml`, Ag_nU, Agg,
AgXmMma, AgX{dMma, AgX^md Am{X AnamY H$aV OmV h| A d`H$mo
"nw{>_mJu'h ~VmdV h|. ~hYm nw{>_mJH$mohr Zm_ bo`Ho$ lr_hm^yZH$s AmkmH$s
Cnojm, A`Wm`m`m AWdm {VaH${Vh H$aV h|. {VZH$m| `m _maJ_|Vo ~m{ha
{ZH$m{gdoH$mo H$moD$ bm{H$H$ Cnm` Vmo ho Zmht. CXmhaUV`m AWm}nmOZHo$ H$mO
^mJdVgVmh, N>nZ^moJ Am{X ^Jdgodm^yV _ZmoaW, gmoh AgXm{ÒZHo$
`gm|h H$amB bodo_| MyH$V Zmht, EgoZH$m| gXm`_|Vo ~m{ha {ZH$m{gdoH$mo
H$moD$ bm{H$H$ Cnm` Vmo ho Zmht. VmV| gXm`_| A{YH$maZmeh g^do Zmht.
VmV| n[aeofV`m eaUmJ{V A ^pV H$mo d$nZme A \$bd$nV`m
mH$Q>g^mdZmH$mo Zmehr "gdWm ^jU'H$mo Ame` H$[a Om{Zò.
B{V _{V: __
nw{>dmh_`mXm JW_| lr_hm^yZZ| Amkm H$s{Z ho Omo `m _maJ_| \$b Vmo
d` ^JdmZhr hmoV h| n[a `m ^yVbno {dZH$mo mH$Q> AZoH$ H$maZV| g^d
ho:
H$moD$ nw{>Ord OmH$mo Ho$db nWeaU_mJ_| nw{>^wZ| daU Am{X
{H$`mo hmo` VmHo$ H$mO ^JdmZ Aml` AWdm AmlÙr` $nV| H$Q>
hmoV h|.
H$moD$ nw{>Ord OmH$mo nw{>^wZ| daU gmmonm ^pVHo$ H$mO Z
{H$`mo hmo` V~ VmHo$ H$mO Ho$db nyOZr` AWdm Ho$db godZr` AWdm
Ho$db ldUr` AWdm Ho$db H$sVZr` AWdm Ho$db _aUr` $nV|
^yVbno H$Q> hmoV h|.
nw{>^w Om $nV| Oogo nw{>OrdHo$ H$mO ^yVbno H$Q> hmoV h| ^wHo$
Vm $n_| OrdH$m| nM{d_{VnydH$ ^JdXmgpV {g do OmV ho.
VmV| {ddoH$-Y` g{hV AZ`ml`H$m| eaUmJ{VH$s \$b$nVm Om{Zò.
{ejmbmoH$s
524
VogB| VZw{dmOmHo$ H$_gm| {MmH$s ^JddUVm {g ^òV| go`d$nH$s

_mZgr godmH$m| AWdm Xohop`mUmV:H$aU, V_ VWm XmamJmanwmVm{X gH$b n[aH$aHo$ gmW nw{>OrdH$s H$UgodmnamnUVmV| Abm{H$H$
gm_`$nm godmH$m| \$b$nm Om{Zò. Vog| ^JdVbrbmHo$ ldU-H$sVZ_aU {H$òV| o_mgpV`gZ {g ^òV| ldU^pV, H$sVZ^pV
AWdm _aU^pV H$s \$b$nVm Om{Zò.
ò \$b$nVmH$mo mH$Q> ^mdm_H$ nw{>^wH$mohr mH$Q> ho- H$~hH$
Ho$db AmVa, H$~hH$ Ho$db ~m A H$~hH$ AmVa-~m C^`Wm, n[a
`m VahH$mo mH$Q> hmoV ho lr_hm^wmam Cn{X> H$magm| eaUmJ{V AWdm
^pV H$m| {Z^m`dono hr. A`Wm H$m_-H$moY-bmo^-_moh-_X-_mg`$n
_ZmoXmofZH$s Cnm{YZgm| H$pnV H$maV| eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pV {H$òV| ^mdm_H$
nw{>^wH$mo mH$Q> hmoV Zmht. VmV| eaUmJ{V A ^pV H$mo A{dZmer
~rO^mdh Aw>[aV, nb{dV, nwpnV Ed \${bV hmoV Zmht Egmo T> {ZM`
H$[a OmZZmo. VmV| fmoS>eJW, {Z~Y Am{X JWZgm| {dnarV Omo H$Nw> H$ma
`m _maJ_| lr_hm^yZH$mo Zm_ boHo$ Mbm`mo OmV ho gmo gJamo ~{h_wI hmo`doH$mohr
AZw>mZ ho. `m_| {ZOOZH$m| H$moD$ H$maH$mo ge` AWdm A`Wm^md hmo` gHo$
Zmht. A OmH$m| `hm Ag^mdZm qH$dm {dnarV^mdZm hmoV ho VmH$m| ~{h_wI
OmZZmo VmV| lr_hm^w ""B{V _{V: __'' H$hV h|.
Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo ^pVd{YZr_| AmnZo Amkm H$s{Z ho- ""godm A
H$Wm_| qH$dm godm-H$Wm_|Vo H$moD$ EH$_|h OmH$s T> AmgpV hmoV ho VmH$mo
H$~h Zme Z hmo`Jmo''. `m dMZV| ò {g hmoV ho Ho$ `{X H$moD$ AWm}nmOZmW
godm-H$Wm H$aV hmo` Vmoh Ego ~{h_wIH$moh Zme hmo` gH$V Zmht.
`m e>mHo$ g_mYmZ$noU H$hV h| Omo nw{>_mJu` OrdH$m| {ZO^wH$s
eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pV H$aV H$~h bmoH$m{WVm Z bmdZrZ bm{H$H$: ^w: H$Umo _ZwVo Zd bm{H$H$_&&2&&
{ejmbmoH$s
525
H$U:=lrH$U
bm{H$H$:=bm{H$H$
^w:=dm{_, Z=Zmht
(ApV=ho, V_mV=Vmgm|)
bm{H$H$=bm{H$H$Hw$
(^md=^mdHw$)
Z=Zmht, Ed=hr
_ZwVo=_mZo h|
^mdmW : (mH$V Y_ZHo$ AZml` A AmH$V {Z{Ib Y_$n hmo`dV|)

lrH$U H$Nw> bm{H$H$ ^w Vmo h| Zmht. VmV| ÔZ H$[adodmaoHo$ bm{H$H$
^mdZH$mo nmofU Zmht H$aV h|.
Z bm{H$H$: ^w: H$U:
Q>rH$m : Eo{hH$ AWdm nabm{H$H$ H$moD$ {df`H$s H$m_Zm hmo`dono VmH$s ny{VH$o {bò
`{X H$moD$ ^JdmZH$s eaUmJ{V H$ao V~ eaUmJ{V Vmo ^B gmYZ A dmo Eo{hH$
qH$dm nmabm{H$H$ {df` ^`mo \$b. V~ eaUmJ{V_| \$b~w{ CnOV Zmht.
Vmgm| eaUmJV Ord_| {Z:gmYZ^mdh H$Q> hmoV Zmht. V~ em{d{YH$s
AmYrZVm _m{ZHo$ emmZwgma eaUmJ{V H$ao gmo Vm H$maH$s eaUmJ{VH$m|
_`mXm_mJu` eaUmJ{V Om{Zò. eaUmJ{VH$mo nw{>_mJu` H$ma Vmo lrH$UHo$
{V AZ`_Zm doHo$ AWmV lrH$UV| {^Z A` Eo{hH$ qH$dm nmabm{H$H$
{df`H$ H$m_Zm amIo {dZm O~ Ord eaUmJV hmoV ho V~ Om{Zò.
Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo `m H${bH$mb_| ew-ew {ZH$m_Vm qH$dm
^JdH$m_Zm Vmo H$moQ>r OrdZ_|Vo EH$ Ord_|h g^do qH$dm Zmht `mH$mo gXoh
hmoV ho. Vmgm| nw{>_mJu` eaUmJ{V Vmo Ae`monXoe {g hmo`Jmo.
`hm g_mYmZ `h Om{Zò Omo Ord H$moD$ gH$m_ hmo` AH$m_ hmo`
_mojH$m_ hmo` qH$dm gdH$m_ hmo`, g~{h nw{>eaUmJ{VHo$ A{YH$mar h|. n[a
nw{>eaUmJ{VH$mo AZw>mZ AmnwZr Eo{hH$ dm nmabm{H$H$ H$m_ZmH$m| nyU H$[adoH$mo
Zmht H$[admo MBò. Oogo H$moD$ {dmH$m_r hmo` A {dmH$m_ZmH$s ny{VHo$ H$mO
H$Ny> bm{H$H$ C_ H$aV hmo` Vmo VmV| nw{>_mJu` eaUmJ{V_| AZ{YH$ma
\${bV ^`mo Z Om{Zò. n[a YZH$m_ZmH$s ny{VHo$ H$mO H$moD$ lrH$UH$mo Aml`
{ejmbmoH$s
526
H$ao Vmo AZml`H$mo AnamY Am`n`m} Om{Zò. bm{H$H$ H$m_ZmH$s ny{V bm{H$H$
C_V| H$[ado_| A`ml` AWdm AZml` H$mo H$moD$ g Zmht. VogB| dm`H$m_r
H$moD$ {M{H$gH$V| AmofYr _m{JHo$ godZ H$ao Vm_| A`ml`Xmof AWdm ^JdXml`
`mJ H$mo H$Ny> {dMma Zmht ho. n[a dW hmo`doHo$ H$mO H$moD$ lrH$UHo$
_ZH$mo AZw>mZ AWdm nyOm-~{b-`mm Am{X H$mo AZw>mZ H$ao Vmo {ddoH$Y`-Aml` Ny>Q>mo Om{Zò.
Eg|B ^pVHo$ {df`_|h g_{PHo$ AnZr Eo{hH$-nmabm{H$H$ {df`ZH$s
H$m_Zmny{VH$mo gmYZ H$U^pVH$mo ~ZmBdmo C{MV Zmht. VmH$mo Egmo A{^m`
Z Om{Zò Omo gdWm {ZH$m_ hmo`donohr ^pVH$mo A{YH$ma {_bV ho. {ZO
^pVH$m| \$b$n _m{ZHo$ ^pVH$mo AZw>mZ nw{>^pV ho. Vm_| bmoH$-doXHo$
{df`-`moOZH$mo {_lU nw{>^pVH$mo ~mY Om{Zò.
_ZwVo Zd bm{H$H$_
Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo lrH$U Vmo gdg_W h| VmV| AnZo eaUmJV qH$dm
^V OrdZHo$ bm{H$H$ _ZmoaW nyaU H$[ado_| {dZH$mo H$hm K{Q> OmdoJmo AWdm
n[al_ hmo`Jmo, gmo H$mhoV| OrdH$m| AnamYr H$hV hmo?
Vhm g_mYmZ$noU ò OmZZmo Omo ^JdmZ g>n_mV| gH$b g{>H$m|
H$Q> H$aV h| gmoB gdg_W ^JdmZ nw{>_maJ_|h AmlÙr` A ÔZr` h|.
VmoD$ dmhr ^JdmZH$mo gdgm_`$n Y_ _mhm`kmZgm| Ho$db kmV` ho,
AmlÙr` AWdm ÔZr` Zmht. AmlÙr` VWm ÔZr` Vmo Y_u lrH$Uhr
h|. gmo dV: Vmo lrH$U gdg_W na_oda h| Vm_| H$Ny> gXoh Zmht Vmgm| {h
n[al_h hmo` gH$V Zmht. VmoD$ Om ^mdgm| lr_hm^yZZ| AmlÙr` qH$dm
ÔZr` _m`mo h dm ^mdgm| Vmo ^yZH$m| n[al_ hmoV hr ho. Oogo H$moB d`Ho$
Ka_| AnZo d-nm Am{XH$mo jmbZ d` H$aV hmo` VmoD$ AnZo ggwaHo$
AWdm {_Ho$ Ka O~ OmV ho, Vhm O_mBV| AWdm {_-A{V{WV| dmHo$ dnm Am{XZH$m| jmbZ H$am`do_| n[al_H$mo ^md bmoH$_| _mZV h|, `hmh Vog|B
OmZZmo. VmV| {gmV_wVmdbrHo$ ""bmoH$mWu MoX ÔoV H$U pb>mo ^d{V
gdWm'' dMZH$s `m`m H$aV lrJwgmBOrZo Amkm H$s{Z ho :
{ejmbmoH$s
527
H$moD$ AmOr{dH$mHo$ H$mO ÔZ H$aV hmo` VmH$s H$hm J{V?

`mH$mo g_mYmZ lr_hm^w "bmoH$mWu' nXgm| XoV h|. "bmoH$'nXH$mo
A{^m` bm{H$H$ {df`Z_| ho. gmo bm{H$H$ {df`ZH$s H$m_Zm am{IHo$
H$moD$ H$UH$m| Ôo V~ Vmo ÔZh `mnma-YYmH$s `mB boZ-XoZH$mo
`mohma ^`mo. gmo ^JdmZHo$ gJ Egmo `mohma Vmo AZW$n ho. Vmgm| Ego
ÔZH$m| ^pV Z Om{Zò. gmo ÔZ O~ ^pV$n Z hmo` V~ boe$n
~{Z OmV ho. VmV| Ego ÔZ H$[adodmamo boehr nmdV ho. VmH$m| Eo{hH$
boe Vmo hmoVhr ho n[a nabmoH$h VmH$mo Z> hmoV ho. gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm
H$hV h| Ego H$maHo$ ÔZH$m| {Z{fmMaU _m`mo ho Vmgm|. OmH$m| `m
_maJH$mo kmZ dnh ho gmo Vmo Egmo {Z{fmMaU H$~h H$aV Zmht. n[a
gdWm d_mJu` kmZgm| a{hV H$moD$ Egmo {Z{fmMaU H$ao. Vhm e>m
hmoV ho Omo bmoH$mWu Vmo bm{H$H$ {df`ZH$m|hr ÔV ho H$UH$m| Zmht.
VmH$mo g_mYmZ Eg| Om{Zò Omo O~ H$moD$ bmoH$mWu bm{H$H$ {df`ZH$s
H$m_Zm nyaU H$[adoH$m| H$UHo$ ÔZ_| dm hmoV ho gmo VmH$s ^mpV
Om{Zò. gmo H$mhoV|? Vhm H$hV h| bmoH$mWuH$mo ÔZr` d$n lrH$UH$mo
Z a{h gH$V ho dogmo XrIV hmo` VmoD$''.
`mgm| {g hmoV ho Omo bmoH$m{WVmgm| H$UÔZ H$[adono H$UH$mo ^mdm_H$
d$n {Vamo{hV do OmV ho. boe$n ÔZhr Ho$db a{h OmV ho, na_mZX$n
H$U Zmht. VmV| H$UgodmHo$ N>bV| OZVmgm| ` _m{JdodmaoZH$s godmH$m|
na_mZX$n H$UÔZ Z Om{Z bmoH$m{WH$mo boe$nÔZ OmZZmo MBò.
VmV|B {Z~Y_| lr_hm^yZZ| _y{V_| ^JdmZH$s {{dY pW{VZH$mo {Z$nU
{H$`mo ho (1) g~ H$Nw> ~m_H$ ho VmV| Am{Y ^m{VH$ _y{Vh ~m_H$ ho
(2) emZ_| _y{VnOy mH$s Am`mp_H$ {d{Y {_bV ho VmV| _y{VnOy Z emmZw_mo{XV
Am`mp_H$ H$_ ho (3) ^pV_mJ_| Ord{deofHo$ CmaHo$ H$mO _y{V{df`_|
^JdmZH$s ^mdmp_H$m {deof Am{YX{dH$ CnpW{V hmoV ho. Vmgm| Cn[a H$hr
W_ (1) ~mV_| Vmo ^Jd_y{VH$m| H$moD$ nyOo Ho$ Vmoao- VmV| Am_nmofU H$ao
Ho$ CXanmofU H$ao- {ZN>b Zohgm| Ôo Ho$ ÔZnmIS>H$mo N>b-N> H$aoVw{V H$ao Ho$ {ZXm H$ao- gmgm[aH$ ~YZgm| Ny>{Q>dmo Mmho Ho$ _y{Vmam
{ejmbmoH$s
528
gmgm[aH$ H$m_ZmH$m| nyU H$[adoHo$ _mohnme_| ~{Ydmo Mmho, H$Ny> AVa naV
Zmht.
Xyg[a (2) ~mV_| _y{VnyOmH$s em{d{Y_| dmW{V>m VWm namW{V>m
ôX ho. Vhm dmW AWmV nyOm H$[adodmaoZ| d` VWm d`Ho$ n[admaHo$ bmoJZHo$
H$mO _y{V_| mU{V>m H$s{Z hmo` V~ XygaoHo$ `V| nyOZ H$[admo _hmZ
nm{V`H$mo H$maU XodbH$Vm Om{Zò. A _y{V_| mU{V>m namW AWmV
OZVmHo$ H$mO H$s{Z hmo` Vhm nyOmW g_{nV n-nwn-AZ-dm{XHo$
^JdgmXV`m nwZJhU_| H$Ny> Xmof {J`mo Zmht n[a ^Jd_y{VH$m| ôQ> Y[ado_|
Am`mo `-aZ-^y{_ Am{XHo$ nwZJhU AWdm Xod_y{VH$m| ^|Q> Y[ado_| Am`mo
YVXrn Oogr gmYmaU dVwH$m|h {ZO Cn`moJ_| bmBdmo Xod`mnhma ho. gmo Vmo
_hmZ nmVH$ H$_ {J`mo ho- Egm| {H$òVo {d>m Im`dodmao eyH$aH$s `mo{Z {_bV
ho. `m nw{>_maJ_|, naVw, namW {V>mH$mo H$ma _m` Z am`mo hmo`doV| `m
XmofH$m| lr_hm^w- ""XmmnhmadMZ VWm M gH$b hao:, Z Jm_ B{V
dm` {h {^Z_mJna _V_'' H$hV h|. gmo H$mhoV|? Omo `m _maJ_| Vmo
""Jho pWdm dY_V:, A`mdmmo ÔoV H$U_'' A ""godH$mZm `Wm
bmoHo$ `dhma:... VWm g_`d H$m`_'' A ""Vpg VZw{dmOm''
Ego AZoH$ dMZgm| {ZOJh_| {ZOdm_rH$s {ZOAhZm-__VmnX CnbY
gH$b lo> dVyZHo$ g_nUmam o_godmH$mo ^md am`mo ho VmV|. Vmgm|
Xod`mnhmaH$mo Xmof bmJV Zmht. Oogo ggma_| H$moD$ Y_embm Am{XHo$ {Z_mUHo$
hoVw AWdm OrUm}maHo$ hoVw A` H$mhV| ``mMZm H$aV hmo` VmH$m| H$moD$
{^jwH$ AWdm [a _mZV Zmht. n[a Oogo H$moD$ d` AnZo a{hdoHo$ KaHo$
{Z_mU hoVw AWdm OrUmma Ho$ hoVw A` H$mhV| ``mMZm H$aV ho VmH$m|
OZVm X[a-{^jwH$ _mZV ho. gmo H$mhoV|, Omo dmW{Z{_V JhHo$ H$maO d`
IaMd|_| Omo g_aW Zht Vmhrgm| na` _mJV h. Vhm dm{^_mZr Vmo F$U
_mJV ho n[a XrZ-X[aH$m| Vmo {^jm _m{Jdo_|h g>moM hmoV Zmht!
Vog|B dmW{V>m{nV XodVmH$s godm-nyOmHo$ H$mO H$moD$ na`H$s
`mMZm H$aV ho VmH$m| ^pV_mJu` Xm[a g_PZmo. Ego XrZ-X[a hmo`doV|
~hYm AmMm`deOh AnZo _mWo {~amOVo go`d$nH$s {Z`godm-_ZmoaWHo$
{ejmbmoH$s
529
H$mO OZVmV| g_mYmZr am{IHo$ ``mMZm H$aV h|. `mH$m| ^pV_mJu`

Xm[a H$[a g_PZmo AmN>mo. H$mo-H$moD$ nw{Z ^pV_mJu` Xm[aHo$ H$maU
A XodbH$VmHo$ Xw`gZHo$ H$maU AmMm`deOHo$ _mWo {~amOVo go`d$nH$s
dmW-namW (AWmV C^`mW) {V>m{nVVmH$sh {ZbO KmofUm H$aV h|. gmo
H$hm AnZr ^m`mH$moh dmW-namW AWmV C^`mW _mZV h|! Vhm `h OmZZmo
Omo Zr{V, Am_Jmad VWm bOm Ho$ `mJ {H$òn| H$hm Zmht g^do? {gmV_|
Vmo nw{>d$nHo$ namW{V>mH$s ar{V JWZ_| Vmo H$h Cn{X> ^B Zmht ho.
dmVm_|h {H$emoar~mBH$s dmVm_| `mhrH$mo {Z$nU ^`mo ho. lrZmWOrHo$ d$nH$sh
lr_hm^w Vmo Xodmb`_| Zmht n[a ZXmb`Ho$hr ^mdgm| H$mh ^VHo$ {ZOJh_|
{V>m H$[admo MmhV hVo. n[a gXw nmS>o Am{X gJao dOdmgrZHo$ _Zm H$[adoHo$
H$maU ^JdXmkmde Xodmb`_| {V>m ^B. A ~g~Y a{hV ~JmbrZH$m|
godm{YH$ma XmZ H$aZmo n`m}. VmH$m|h H$moD$ _yT>OZ nw{>_mJu` {gmV _mZV
h|! V~ Vmo aOdbmH$m| godmH$s AZw_{V Xr{Z VmH$m|h nw{>{gmV _m{Zdmo
MBò! lrZmWOrHo$ AZwH$aU H$[aHo$ Omo-Omo nw{>_mJu AnZo go` ^yZH$s
na`V| namW godm H$aV h| {VZH$m| ~g~Ya{hV ~JmbrZH$mo AnZo go`
^yZH$s godm gm|nrHo$ ndrX{jUm H$[adoH$mo Jh`mJh H$mhoV| mV Z hmo`Jmo!
lrZmWOrH$s godmHo$ A{YH$mar ~ZoV| `hbmoH$-nabmoH$H$mo {~Jma hmoV ho
VmH$s dmV{dH$Vmh d` lrJmodYZYa^wZ| Ego ~aZr ho Ho$ ""OmH$mo {~Jma
hmoZmo hmo`Jmo gmo Amnwhr A{YH$maH$s BH$bmB Amo{T>doH$m| Pw{H$ OmdoJmo''. gmo
lrZmWOrH$s godmH$mo H$ma `{X nw{>{gmV hmo` Vmo nw{>{gmVV| {~Jma hmoV
ho òh drH$maZmo naoJmo.
Vhm `h e>m hmoV ho Omo nw{>^w Vmo Cm_ dVwHo$ ^moVm h| gmo dm_rHo$
gwIHo$ H$mO H$moD$ godH$ `mMZmh H$aV hm|` Vmo ""godH$mZm `Wm bmoHo$
`dhma: {g{V'' H$s AmkmH$mo AZwgaU H$mhoH$m| Z _m{Zdmo?
Vhm Cma `h OmZZmo Omo ""godm`m bm{H$H$s ar{V: ZohV {Z`m_H$:''
gmo godmH$s ar{V Vmo bmH$sH$s ho n[a ^pV_mJ_| r{VH$mo ^md bm{H$H$ Zmht.
gmo H$mhoV| Omo go`d$n Omo ^mdm_H$ h gmo bm{H$H$ ^md am{Idono Vmo go`
{ejmbmoH$s
530
d$nh bm{H$H$ ^mdm_H$ do OmV ho. VogB| Abm{H$H$^md am{Idono go`d$nh

Abm{H$H$ ^mdm_H$ do OmV ho. Vmgm| godm_| bm{H$H$ ar{VH$mo ArH$ma
nw{>^w `m bmoH$_| pWV nw{>Ordno AZwJh H$[ad|H$mo H$aV h|. n[a nw{>OrdH$m|
^wHo$ Abm{H$H$ d$n VWm _mhm` H$mo {~Mma X`_| am{IHo$ r{VH$mo ^md
Vmo Abm{H$H$hr am{Idmo C{MV ho. A`Wm `m bmoH$_| Abm{H$H$ ^wV| g~Y
Ow[admoh H${R>Z ho. Vmgm| r{Va{hVh godmar{VV| ^pVH$mo ma^ Vmo do gH$V
ho n[a r{Va{hV godmH$m| Vmo {H$`m_m OmZZr. Vog|B godmar{Vgm| a{hV r{VH$mo
H$ma ^pV_mJu` JmU H$Wmnj ho. Vmgm| ar{V A r{V H$mo g_d`
H$[adoH$m| {gmV_wVmdbr V| MVwbmoH$s A ^pVd{YZr V| godm\$b JWZH$mo
CnXoe lr_hm^yZZ| {H$`mo ho.
Oogo amgbrbm_|h ""{H$`m gdm@{n gdm na H$m_mo Z {dVo''
lr_hm^yZZ| ^Jdnj_| g_wPm`mo Vog|B Ordnj_|h godmbrbm_|h ""{H$`m
gdm@{n bm{H$H$_od na bm{H$H$mo ^mdmo Z {dVo'' g_w{Pdmo C{MV ho.
Vmgm| {gmVah`Ho$ ""godH$mZm `Wm bmoHo$ `dhma: {g`{V'' A
""Z bm{H$H$: ^w: H$Umo _ZwVo Zd bm{H$H$_'' dMZ_|h {damoYm^mg _m{Zdmo
C{MV Zmht ho.
dV_mZ_| nw{>_maJHo$ Zm_gm| MbVo _pXa-hdobrZ_| Vmo {ZOdm_rH$s
godm {ZOJh_| Z H$[aHo$ gmdO{ZH$ Xodmb`_| hmoV ho. gmo h {ZOVZw-{dmn[aOZV| H$[adoH$o {R>H$mZ| nJmaXma ZmoH$aZgm| OZVmH$s ôQ>-gm_JrV| n[admanmofUHo$
H$mOhr hmoV ho. gmo em{d{YHo$ {dMma {H$òV| gmjmV lr_XmMm`deOZ_|h
XodbH$Vm VWm Xod`mnhma `m| Xmo`mo XmofZH$s ~bVm ^B ho. gmo ""g_aWH$m|
Zmht Xmof JwgmB'' qH$dm ""gdWm ^j{``pV `w_mZ'' _|Vo `Wm^md
H$moD$ EH$ dMZH$mo _mU _m{ZHo$ {MmH$m| emV H$[a boZmo! gmo H$mhoV|? Omo
lr_hm^wH$mo ""Z bm{H$H$: ^w: _ZwVo Zd bm{H$H$'' dMZ _mU ho.
naVw Egr ^JdgodmH$m| H$Ugodm Z Om{Z boegodmhr Om{Zò. Vm
godmHo$ XeZH$m|h H$UXeZ Z Om{Z boeXeZ Om{Zdmo C{MV ho. Vm godm_|
Yar ^moJ-gm_JrH$m|h H$UgmX Z _m{Z boegmX _m{Zdmo C{MVVa ho. Vm_|
{ejmbmoH$s
531
AnZo `Ho$ {d{Z`moJhH$m| ^JdXW {d{Z`moJ Z Om{Z boemW {d{Z`moJhr

_m{Zdmo C{MVV_ ho.
Vmgm| ^Jd{mamoYm`H$ bm{H$H$ ^md Z am{I H$hm ^md am{IZmo gmo AmJo
g_PmdV h|:
^mdg Vm@`_Xr`: gddM{hH$M g:&&
nabmoH$M ........................... &&
Vm{n=dm_|h
A_Xr`mo=AnwZmo
^md:=^md
Eo{hH$:=`mbmoH$g~pY
M=Amoa
nabmoH$:=nabmoH$
M=h, gdd:=g~H$Nw>
M=A
M=dmo (H$UEd ApV B{V
ko`=lH$Uhr ho Egmo OmZZm|)
^mdmW : Vhmh h_mamo ^md Vmo òhr OmZZm| Omo AnZmo Vmo `m bmoH$_| A
nabmoH$_oh H$moD$ gdd hmo` Vmo dmo Vmo Ho$db lrH$Uhr ho A` H$moD$ Zmht.
A_Xr`mo ^md:
Q>rH$m : {Z~Y_| kmZ{>gm| gd dVw_m_| An[apN>Z ~H$s,
gdm}nmXmZV`m, gdZm_$nYmaH$V`m VWm gd{Z`m_H$V`m h {d_mZVmH$mo
{Z$nU {H$`mo ho. VmV| ^Jd_y{V_|h gpMXmZX ~H$s H$Q> gmm A
AH$Q> MV` VWm AmZX _m` ho.
Vog|B H$_m}ngZmH$s em{d{YHo$ AZwgma Omo (A){dMmaH$ ~H$m|
{ZamH$mahr Ho$db _mZV h| {VZH$m|h `kdoXr_| qH$dm _y{Va{hV ey`_pXa_|
qH$dm _Z_pXa_|h An[apN>Z VdH$mo WmZn[aN>oX qH$dm `mZn[aN>oX Vmo
H$[admohr naV ho. V~ gmH$ma-`mnH$VmdmXr nw{>_mJu`ZH$m|h An[apN>Z
{ejmbmoH$s
532
na_m_mH$mo _y{VHo$ n[aN>oX_| ÔZ_| H$mhoH$mo g>moM? Vhm emr` {ZfoY hmo`
Vmo VmH$mo {dMma do gHo$ n[a emZ_|h _y{VnyOmH$mo {dYmZ Vmo CnbY hmoVhr
ho. gmo `hm H$Ny> ~mYH$ ho Zmht. `m| {Z$nU H$[aHo$ kmZ_mJgm| A
H$_m}nmgZm_mJgm| _y{VÔZH$s Cnn{m Xr{Z ho gmo Ho$go Omo1.""gmH$ma`mnH$dmV'' kmZ_mJu` Cnn{m
2.""_`m{n {dYmZV:'' H$_m}nmgZm _mJu` Cnn{m
3.""Vyn V M pWV (lrH$U `WmbYmonMma: ^`m nyOòX)''
^pV_mJu` Cnn{m XrZr.
Vhm AZoH$mZoH$ dme^yV OrdZ_|Vo H$moD$ {dabo EH$ OrdH$mo Oog| ^w
d$nmZXXmZHo$ H$mO daU H$aV h|, Vog|B AZV$n qH$dm gd$n ^JdmZHo$
H$moD$ EH$ _Zmok$nH$mo ^Vh ÔZmW daU H$aV ho gmo dmo $n na_m_mH$mo
^pV^mdZm_H$ $n {J`mo OmV ho.
gmo ÔZH$Vm O~ {ZO ÔZr` d$nHo$ ^mdgm| ÔZ H$ao V~ nw{>nw fmom_H$mo
mXw^md Vhm lr_hm^wZH$s H$m{ZVo Om{Zò. naVw YZgJh qH$dm bmoH$gJh
Ho$ ^mdgm| ÔZ H$ao V~ dm ^Jd_y{VH$m| nw{>nwfmom_ Z Om{ZHo$
bm{H$H$H$m_Zmny{VH$mo bm{H$H$ gmYZ Om{Zò.
Vmgm| lr_hm^w Amkm H$aV h| Omo H$UHo$ ÔZr` d$nH$m| bm{H$H$
^mdVo Nw>dmBdmo AmN>mo Zmht. ÔZr` d$nH$m| AnZmo gdd Om{ZHo$ ^{Odmo
lr_hm^yZHo$ ^mdgm| ÔZ H$[adoH$mo H$ma ho. AnZr Eo{hH$-nmabm{H$H$
g~{h H$m_ZmZH$mo _wI {df` AnZo go` d$nH$m| OmZo- AnZo Eo{hH$nmabm{H$H$ _wI dm{_-gIm-gwV-~Yw-Am_m-YZ AnZo go` d$nH$m|
OmZo-_mZo A Ego ^mdgm| Ôo gmo ""A_Xr`mo ^md:'' A`Wm ""{dOmVr`mo
^md:''.
Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo "{ddoH$Y`ml`' JW_| Vmo{ejmbmoH$s
533
""Eo { hHo $ nmabmo H o $ M gd W m eaU h[a:

Xw : IhmZm
VWm
nmno
^ò
H$m_mny a Uo
^Vmo h o
^`^mdo
^V Mm{VH $ _o
H $ Vo
Aeò dm gw e ò dm gd W m eaU h[a:
Ah>maH $ Vo
M d
nmo `-nmo f U
ajUo
nmo `m{VH $ _Uo
M d
VWm@Vo d m`{VH $ _o
Abm { H$H$_Z:{gm
gd W m
eaU
h[a:''
H$mo ho. Vmgm| Eo{hH$ AWdm nmabm{H$H$ Xw:IZH$s {Zd{m, {VZHo$
H$maUr^yV nmnZH$s {Zd{m, {VZ nmnZgm| O` ^`H$s
{Zd{m, H$Ny>H$ H$m_Zm, Eo{hH$ AWdm nmabm{H$H$ nyU Z hmoVr hmo` V~,
`m| g~hr AdWmZ_| eaUmJ{VH$mo CnXoe {X`mo ho. gmo `hm H$ho OmV H$maV|
VmH$s g{V Ho$go Om{Zò?
VmH$mo g_mYmZ Eg| OmZo Omo lr_hm^wZo Xw:Ihm{Z, nmn, ^`, H$m_m{XH$s
Any{V, ^Vmoh Am{X Omo {JZmò h| gmo Eo{hH$ qH$dm nmabm{H$H$ Ho$ CXmhaU
$ngm| {JZmò h|. _yb Vmo "Eo{hHo$'-"nmabmoHo$' nXZHo$ `moJV| gJar ~mV Am`
J`r. gmo BZ XmoC nXZ_| gV_r {d^pVHo$ `moJH$mo A{^m`- ""_moj
BN>m'' H$s `mB df{`H$ AmYma Zmht. Vog|B ""M_{U {{nZ hpV'' H$s `mB
{Z{_mH$_`moJHo$ A{^m`hV| Z g_PZr. `m gV_r {d^pVH$mo `moJ ""Jmofw
Xw_mZmgw JV:''-""~mUofw AYr`mZofw JV:'' H$s ^mdbjUmWH$ gV_r
{d^pV OmZZr. A`Wm eaUmJ{V Vmo gmYZ ^B A nmn, ^`, H$m_m{XH$s
Any{V, ^Vmoh, ^pVHo$ A^md ò gJao \$b$n ~{Z Om`|Jo. V~ eaUmJ{V
{H$òVo ^` hmoV ho- nmnh bJV ho- H$m_m{X gJao AnyU a{h OmV h|^VZH$mo moh do OmV ho Egmo ^`>a A{^m` K{Q>V hmoV ho. Vmgm| ""Eo{hHo$nmabmoHo$'' nXZH$mo A{^m` Egmo Om{Zò Omo `m bmoH$ qH$dm nabmoH$ V|
g~Yr H$moD$ H$m` OrdV| Ae` qH$dm gwe` hmo` Vhm lrH$UH$mo Amgamo
amIZmo. H$moD$ H$[ado bm`H$ H$m` hmo` n[a OrdHo$ gm_`V| {g Z hmoV hmo`
{ejmbmoH$s
534
Vmo ^JdXml` am{IHo$ {dM{bV Z hmoZmo. Omo ^wZo ò H$m` _oao {bò Ae`
~Zm`mo ho gmo `m_| _oamo H$Ny> ^bmo {h {dMm`m} hmo`Jmo. A OrdHo$ gm_`V| e`
hmo` VmoD$ Ah>ma Z H$aZmo n[a ^JdXml`H$mo ^md am{IHo$ Ego {dMmaZmo Omo
^wZo ò H$m` _oaogm| e` ~Zm`mo ho.
Vmgm| Eo{hH$-nmabm{H$H$ \$bHo$ gmYZV`m eaUmJ{VH$mo CnXoe Zmht
n[a Eo{hH$-nmabm{H$H$ H$moD$ H$m` Ordgm| Ae` hmo` qH$dm gwe` g~
AdWmZ_o ^JdXml` amIZmo nw{>OrdH$mo H$V` ho. VmV| "{ejmbmoH$s' A
"{ddoH$Y`ml`' _| H$Ny> {damoYm^mg Zmht ho.
... ... ... Vo Z m` gd ^ mdo Z gd W m&&3&&
go `: ... ... ... ... ... ... ...&&
VoZ=Vmgm| (H$maUoZ=H$maUgm|)
A`=ò (lrH$U:)
gd^mdoZ=gd ^mdgm|
gdWm=gd H$magm|
go`:=godm H$[ado`mo` ho
^mdmW : ò nw{> _maJ lr_hm^yZZ| AnZo nw{>^mdZm_H$ nyU nwfmom_H$m|

Amb~Z ~Zm`Ho$ d{VV {H$`mo ho. VmV| nw{>nw fmom_H$mo ÔZ {Z{Ib nw{>^mdZgm|
hr H$[admo C{MV ho.
Q>rH$m : em, gXm`, A{YH$ma, Xoe-H$mb, gm_` A ${M (~rO^md)
H$s {d{dYVmHo$ H$maU _mJh AZoH${dY h|. Vhm nWH$-nWH$ \$b nWH$nWH$ A{YH$mar OrdZH$m| {_bV ho gmo gd{ZU`_| g{dVa {Z$nU ^`mo ho.
nw{>_mJHo$ dVZH$mo Ame` "nw{>dmh_`mXm'_| lr_hm^yZZ| A
lrdb^m>H$_| lr^wMaUZ| H$Q> {H$`mo ho. gmo dogo Vmo ^yVbno EH$ {ZpMV
Xoe_| A {ZpMV H$mb_| H$Q> {H$`mo n[a "MVw:bmoH$s'_| ""d`m`_od
Y_m} {h Zm`: dm{n H$XmMZ'' dMZH$s {ddjmHo$ {dMmaV| nw{>OrdZH$m|
{ejmbmoH$s
535
g~ao XoeZ_| A g~ao H$mbZ_| dOm{YnH$mo ÔZhr _wIV_ dY_ ho.

Vhm e>m hmoV ho Omo ^yVbno ò ^maV Xoe Vmo EH$ N>moQ>mo ^yIS> ho; A
g{>Ho$ mH$Q>H$mb gh n[adgaV| ma^ H$[a lr_hm^yZHo$ mH$Q>H$mb
n`V H$hm nw{>Ord H$moD$ ^yVbno H$Q>o Zmht H$hm? A H$Q>o H${hò Vmo
""gmo{n VVHw$bo OmV: ... nw{>WVZ `w`Vo'' dMZmZwgma Vm g_`
AWmV lr_hm^yZHo$ mH$Q>gm| nyd ghmd{Y n[adgaZ_| _`mXm_mJu`
n[adma_| qH$dm dmh_mJu` n[adma_| O_JhU H$[adodmao nw{>OrdZH$o nw{>ÔZH$mo
H$hm H$ma? Vog|B nw{>_mJH$s Ho$db 500df n`V pW{VH$s gmMr-ImoQ>r
qH$dXVrh M{bV ho. gmo VmHo$ nMmV H$hm nw{>OrdZH$mo bmon Om{Zò AWdm
Ord ahV h| n[a _mJbmon do OmV ho AWdm Ord A _mJ Ho$ {d_mZ ahV
h nw{>H$mo bmon do OmV ho?
`m_| ò {dMmaUr` ho Omo nw{> Vmo ^wH$mo {Z`Y_ ho gmo VmH$mo bmon H$~h
hmo` gH$V Zmht. nw{> {Z{df`h g^do Zmht, VmV| nw{>OrdH$mo bmon h g^do
Zmht. gmo ^wH$mo {Z`Y_ nw{> A VmHo$ {df`r^yV nw{>OrdZHo$ ahVo h `{X
nw{>_mJ Z ahVmo hmo` Vmo {Z`Y_ h _moK Y_ ~{Z Om`. Vmgm| nw{>_mJ h amo
MBò. V~ lr_hm^yZHo$ mH$Q>gm| nyd h A nmMgmo df nMmV h nw{>_mJH$s
{d_mZVm Vmo ahV hr ho.
Vog|B Omo _mJH$s pW{V Ho$db nmMgmo dfZ n`V gr{_V hmo` Vmo BZ
nmMgmo dfZHo$ AmJo-nmN>o gQ>ma^ A b` n`VH$s gwXrK Ad{Y_|
nw{>OrdZH$mo H$Q> am{IdoH$mo `moOZ H$hm? Omo H$Q> Z _mZ| Vmo J__|
ghn[adga-n[a{_V H$m{bH$ {d`moJH$mo Omo {Z$nU {H$`mo gmoh {g Z
hmodJo mo. Vmgm| nydH $mb_| nw{>OrdH$s {d_mZVm hmo`dono nmMgmo dfH$o CmaH$mb_|h
{d_mZVm drH$maZr C{MV ho. Vmgm| BZ e>mZH$mo H$hm g_mYmZ Om{Zò?
Vhm `h g_mYmZ OmZZmo Omo ^yZHo$ _Z, dMZ A d$n V| H$Q> ^ò
dmh_mJ, _`mXm_mJ A nw{>_mJ g{>brbmHo$ H$ma hmo`doV| `mdg{>
{ejmbmoH$s
536
{d_mZ ahV h|. Vmgm| _mJH$s {d_mZVm VmX _mJW OrdH$s {d_mZVmH$mo
_mU Om{Zò. Vog|B _mJ A _mJW OrdZH$s {d_mZVm VmX _mJu` gmYZ
A \$b H$s {d_mZVmHo$ h _mU hmoV hr h|. Vmgm| lr_hm^yZHo$ nydh
nw{>_mJ, nw{>Ord, nw{>gmYZ A nw{>\$b H$s {dbjU {d_mZVm {g hmoV
ho.
Vhm `h e>m hmoV ho Omo V~ lr_hm^yZH$mo d{eQ> H$hm? Vhm Om{Zò
Omo _mJm{X hVo na gXm` Z hVmo. Vmgm| VmX nw{>_mJu` A{YH$marZH$m| VmX
nw{>\$bH$s mpV nw{>^yZHo$ VmV H$madmao d$nZV| _o`~bV| hmoV ahr
hmo`Jr. gmo VmHo$ H$moD$ _mU AWdm H$ma H$mo gXm` Z hVmo. Vmgm|
nw{>_mJHo$ _mU~b A gmXm{`H$ H$maH$m| H$Q> H$[adoH$mo AgmYmaUAbm{H$H$ d{eQ> lr_hm^yZH$mo hr ho. Vmgm| gmYmaU nw{>_mJ_| nw{>^yZH$mo
lr_hm^yZHo$ X`Ho$ ^mdmZwgmar ^mdm_H$ hmoZmo Amd`H$ Zmht ho. Vmgm|
lr_hm^yZHo$ mH$Q>gm| nyd nw{>Ord bmXHo$ H$mO nw{>^w Zqgh $nV|
V^_|Vo H$Q>o, ~{bHo$ H$mO dm_Z$nV| H$Q>o, e~ar-hZw_mZ ^{V ^VZHo$
H$mO lram_$nV| H$Q>o, dO-_Wwam-maH$mHo$ nw{>OrdZ_| H$moD$Ho$ H$mO gwV,
H$moD$Ho$ H$mO ~Yw, H$moD$Ho$ H$mO gIm, H$moD$Ho$ H$mO {`V_, H$moD$Ho$ H$mO
{e`, H$moD$Ho$ H$mO Jw, H$moD$Ho$ H$mO n{V, H$moD$Ho$ H$mO dm_r Am{X AZoH$
$nZV| H$Q>o. BZ_|Vo H$moD$ EH$ ^mdV| ^yZH$mo ^{Odmo nw{>Ho$ _o`~bHo$
{dMmaV| Cm_ hmo`donoh; lr_hm^wHo$ gXm`_| nw{>^w gd^mdm_H$ h|. gmo
_mU~bHo$ {dMmaV| lr_hm^wHo$ ^mdm_H$ d$nH$mo ÔZ lr_hm^yZHo$
^mdH$s ^mdZm X`_| am{IHo$ hr ÔZ H$[adono lr_hm^yZHo$ ^mdm_H$
nw{>^yZH$m| H$Q> H$[adodmamo ~ZV ho. Vmgm| AmYw{ZH$ {gmVofr OZZHo$ mam
KS>o Jò ^md `Wm lrJmodYZYa Ho$ d$n_| gdm}maH$VmHo$ ^mdgm| godm
H$aZr, A` g^r AmMm`deOZHo$ go`d$n_| dUdmomaH$VmHo$ ^mdgm|
godm H$aZr A gmYmaU nw{>_mJu` dUdZHo$ go`d$n_| dgodH$momaH$VmHo$
AWdm JwHo$ ^mdgm| godm H$aZr ò gJao H$ma {ejmbmoH$sHo$ CnXoegm|
{d^mdH$s ^mdZmHo$ H$madmao hmo`doV| nw{>OrdH$m| ~{h_wI ~Zm`Ho$ dmH$s
godm A go` _| lr_hm^yZHo$ ^mdHo$ {dbmonH$ hr OmZZo.
{ejmbmoH$s
537
... ... gEd Jmonremo {dYm``{Ib {h Z:&&

gEd=dmo hr
Jmonre:=JmonrZHo$ Bda
Z:=AnZmo
A{Ib=g~H$Ny>
{h={ZM` hr
{dYm`{V={g H$a|Jo
^mdmW : gd^mdgm| go` JmonrOZdb^ lrH$U hr AnZmo A{Ib Eo{hH$

A nmabm{H$H$ {hV {g H$a|Jo, Xygamo H$moD$ H$mb-H$_-d^md-{d^y{VZH$s
gmYH$VmH$s _{V amIZr Zmht Z ~mYH$VmH$s ^r{V.
Q>rH$m : AV_| `m CnXoe_| lr_hm^w H$hV h| Omo lrJmonrOZdb^ lrH$U_|
AZ`^mdH$m| {dgm[aHo$ H$moC nw{>Ord H$mb-H$_-d^mdHo$ AmYrZ H$Ny>H$
gmYZZH$mo Amgamo bodo AWdm A` XodH$mo Amgamo bodo gmo nw{>OrdH$m| gmYH$
Zmht n[a ~mYH$ hmoV ho Vogmo {Z$nU H$aV h|. gmo H$mhoV| Omo lrH$U H$hV h|""_X`V Vo Z OmZpV Zmh Vo`mo _ZmJ{n'' Vmgm| gJao nMH$m| {~gm[aHo$
Omo ^w_| AZ`^md Wm{nV H$[a gH$V ho {VZH$m| {Z Om{Zò. ò \$b$n
{ZamoY ho n[a gmYZ$n {ZamoYH$mo d$n `mV| h A{Ve` {dbjU ho. gmo H$hm
Omo lr_hm^yZZ| Xe_Ho$ ma^_| ~Vm`mo ho Omo Ord AmnwZo d^mdH$mo N>m{S>Ho$
^Jdd^mdmZw$n gabVmgm| ~{Z gH$V Zmht VmV| ^w AnZo H$nm^mOZ
OrdHo$ d^mdHo$ AZw$n d$n YmaU H$[aHo$ dmHo$ g_wI H$Q> hmoV h|. H$Q>
hmo`Ho$ Egr brbm ^w H$aV h| OmV| Ord g~ H$Ny> {~gm[aHo$ ^JdmZ_|
na_mgV do OmV ho. VmV| ^wH$mo ^yVbno H$Q> hmoZmo gmo{h "gmYZ{ZamoY'
H$mo OmV ho A ^yVbno {d_mZ ^VH$mo A` g~ H$Ny> {~gm[aHo$ {ZO
^yZ_| AZ`mgV do OmZmo "\$b{ZamoY' H$mo OmV ho. gmo brbmW mH$Q>Ho$
H$n_| brbmH$m{bH$ {Z{Ib nwp`_mJu OrdZH$m| gmjmV AZw^dm{^J`
d$nH$mo mH$Q> ho. A lr_hm^wd{VV nw{>gXm`_| AmYw{ZH$ EVgXm`r
VmX ^VH$m| godm qH$dm H$Wm $nm ^pV_| d-dmZw^mdZm{^J` d$nH$mo
mH$Q> ho. VmV| ÔZr` qH$dm _aUr` ^yZH$mo ^V_| {ZamoY A godmnamÙ
qH$dm H$WmnamÙ ^VH$mo ^yZ_ | {ZamoY H$_e: gmYZmdWmH$mo A \$bmdWmH$mo
{ejmbmoH$s
538
AZ`^md {J`mo OmV ho.

Vhm gmYZ$nm AZ`VmHo$ ^ hmo`doV| qH$dm \$b$nm AZ`VmHo$ ^V|
nw{>^mdH$mo ^ hmoV ho.
`hm e>m CR>V ho Omo BZ gmYZ$nm A \$b$nm AZ`VmHo$ {^Z{^Z d$n Ho$g| Om{Zò? Vhm g_mYmZ Omo BVa Xod A BVa gmYZ H$mo
Aml` N>m{S>Ho$ O~ H$moD$ lrH$UH$mo H$Uml`Vmo A A>mja_Ho$ AZwgma
AnZmo AZ`ml` ~ZmdV ho gmoVmo n{m_mJu` gmYZ$nm AZ`Vm. gmoB
AZ`Vm O~ `m OrdH$m| {ddoH$-Y`-Aml` JWmoV H$maV| {g do OmV
ho V~ n{m_mJu` \$b$nm AZ`Vm {g ^B Om{Zò. Vog|B ~g~Y
bo`Ho$ O~ AmYw{ZH$ nw{>gXm`r {ZO_VH$no {ZOgo`d$nH$m| nYam`Ho$
{ZOJh_| {~amO_mZ d$nH$s godm_| {ZOVZw-{dm-_Z-n[aOZH$m| bJmdV ho
V~ Vm ^V{deof_| ^Jdd$nH$mo {Zamo ^`mo Om{Zò. Egr gmYZ$nm
^wJV AZ`VmV| dgo`d$noVa qH$dm dgo`d$ngodmZw`moJr BVa gH$b
nXmWZH$s {d_{VnydH$ go`d$n A {VZH$s godm_| na_mgpV {g hmoV
ho. `mH$m|{h \$b$nm {ZVm qH$dm AZ`Vm OmZZr. Vmgm| `Wm`W n{m_mJu`
A ^pV_mJu` gmYZ$nm A Vm H$[a gm` \$b$nm AZ`VmHo$ {~Zm `m
_maJ_| H$Nw> {g hmoV Zmht. ^wH$m| AZ` ~Zm`doV| Ordh AZ` ~{Z gH$V
ho Egmo nw{>gXm`H$mo _mhm` lr_hm^wHo$ _o`~bV| H$Q> ho. gmo H$mhoV|?
Omo OrdHo$ AZ` ~{ZdoV| ^JdmZH$mo AZ` ~{Zdmo gmo Vmo _`mXm n[a nw{> `mVo
{dnarV.
_{` Mo X ApV {ddmg: lrJmo n rOZdbô &

VXm H $ VmWm `y ` {h emo M Zr` Z H${h { MV &&
_w p Va {hdm@`Wm$n d$no U `dpW{V:&
_{`=_oao_|
lrJmonrOZdbô=
lrJmonrOZdb^_|
lrH$Uo=lrH$U_|
{ddmg:={ddmg
ApV=ho, MoV=`{X
VXm {h=V~ Vmo
(`_mV H$maUmV)
`y`=Vw_
H$VmWm:=H$VmW
(V_mV)H${h{MV=H$~h
emoMZr`={MVm H$[ado Oogmo
Z (ApV)=Zmht ho
A`Wm$n=A`Wm $nH$m|
{hdm=N>m{S>Ho$
d$noU=d$ngm|
`dpW{V:=pWV hmoZmo
_wpV: (ko`m)=_wpV OmZZr
^mdmW : lrJmonrOZdb^ _oao_| `{X {ddmg ho Vmo Vw_ H$VmW hr hmo. VmV|
H$Nw> emoMZr` Zmht ho. gmo H$mhoV| Omo AnZo A`Wm$n (~{h_wIVm)H$mo
N>m{S>Ho$ lrH$Um{^_wI a{hdmo hr {Vhmar _wpV ho.
`m Vahgm| Jmodm_rlrXr{jVm_O `m__Zmoha mam
{ejmbmoH$sH$s `m`m gnyU ^B
Vmgm| {ZO go`d$nH$m| N>m{S>Ho$ `-V-gd ^Q>{H$dodma|H$m| nw{>_mJHo$

AZ`\$bHo$ gm^m`gm| dpMV OmZZmo. H$h-H$h lr_hm^yZHo$ BZ
{ejmbmoH$sHo$ nZHo$ gmjmV lrJmonrOZdb^ lrH$Umam OmoS>o Jò S>oT>
bmoH$ A{YH$ {_bV h|-
{ejmbmoH$s
539
{ejmbmoH$s
540
&&gmYZXr{nH$m&&
(25)
(_bmMaU)
Vm Z: lrVmV-nV-naoUd H$m_YoZd&&
ZmH$` Vadmo@òfm `w H$nVadmo `Wm&&1&&
`Wm=Oog|
Aòfm=A`ZH$s
(BN>mnyaH$m=BN>mH$s
ny{V H$[adodmao)
ZmH$`=dJHo$
Vad=dj
H$m_YoZd=H$m_YoZw$n
(M gpV VWm=hmoV h| dogo)
Z=h_mao (Vw=Vmo)
Vm=dmo
lrVmV-nV-naoUd=
{nVmHo$ MaUH$_bZH$s aO
(Ed=hr)
H$nVad=H$nV
(H$m_YoZd M=A H$m_YoZw$n)
`w=hmoC
^mdmW : Oog| A`ZH$s BN>mH$s ny{V H$[adodmao dJHo$ dj| Amoa H$m_YoZw hmoV
h| Vog| h_mao{bò Vmo h_mao {nVm _hm^w lrdb^mMm`Ho$ MaUH$_bZH$s aO
hr H$nV A H$m_YoZw g_mZ hmoC.
lw{V-_{V-{eamoaZ-Zram{OV-nXm~wO_&&
èmo X mo gb{bV
dXo
lrZXZXZ_ &&2&&
lw{V-_{V-{eamoaZ-Zram{OV-nXm~wO=lw{V-_{V$nr Cm_ aZZgm|
{OZHo$ MaUH$_b emo^m`_mZ h| Eg|
èmoXmogb{bV=lrèmoXmOrH$s JmoX_| H$sS>m H$aVo
lrZXZXZ_=lrZXamÒrHo$ nw lrH$UH$m|
(Ah=_|) dXo=dXZ H$aV hm|
gmYZXr{nH$m
541
^mdmW : lw{V-_{V$nr Cm_ aZZgm| {OZHo$ MaUH$_b emo^m`_mZ h| Eg|

lrèmoXmOrH$s JmoX_| H$sS>m H$aVo lrZXamÒrHo$ nw lrH$UH$m| _| dXZ H$aV
hm|.
(`m JW_| Cn{X> ~mVZ_| _mU lw{V _{V nwamU V Am{X emZH$s
lr_XmMm`MaUmam H$Q> H$[a `m`m ho)
^pV_mJ - {dVmZm`
`mo @ dVrUm}
h V meZ&&
gEd Z na _mZ eo f _` _mVa_ &&3&&
`=Om, hVmeZ=ApZZo
^pV_mJ-{dVmZm`=^pV_mJH$o MmaHo$ AW
AdVrU=AdVma YmaU {H$`mo ho
g Ed=dmo hr
Z=h_mao H$mO
_mVa_=A` g~ _mU
na=gdm}H$>
A`=`mHo$
_mZ (ApV)=_mU ho
eof_ (ApV)=A^yV h|
^mdmW : ^pV_mJH$mo Mma H$[adoH$m| ddmZad$n lrdb^mMm`MaUZZo
^yVbn| AdVma YmaU {H$`mo gmo {dZHo$ dMZ hr h_H$m| na_ _mU$n h|, A`
g~ _mU {dZHo$ dMZZHo$ A^yV AWdm {dZgm| JmU _mU h|.
doX`r-{eamo^mJ-gy-`m`mZ-g_Vm_&&
^pVemmZw g mao U Hw $ d} gmYZXr{nH$m_ &&4&&
doX`r-{eamo^mJ-gy-`m`mZ-g_Vm_
=VrZm| doXHo$ {eamo^mJ$n Cn{ZfX ~gyHo$ ^m`gm| A{d H$magm|
gmYZXr{nH$m
542
^pVemmZwgmaoU=^pVemHo$ AZwgma
gmYZXr{nH$m_=gmYZXr{nH$mH$s aMZm (Ah)Hw$d}=_| H$$h
^mdmW : VrZm| doXHo$ {eamo^mJ$n Cn{ZfX A ~gy Ho$ _hm^w
lrdb^mMm`MaU {da{MV ^m`V| A{d H$magm| ^pVemHo$ AZwgma
"gmYZXr{nH$m' JWH$s aMZm _| H$$ h.
(lrh[aÔZH$s Amd`H$VmHo$ CnnmXZHo$ gmW JWH$mo CnH$_)
""Am_m dma'' B{V lw `m Xe Z H $\$bmo {d{Y&&
ldUm {VkmV ""V ÔoV''-""V ago{X''{V&&5&&
""V_mX ^maV gdm _m ^JdmZ h[aarda&&
lmo V ` H$s{V V `M _V `Mo N> V m^`_ ' '&&6&&
nw f`m{deo f o U
g g ma
{OhmgV&&
hao a AmamYZo _w p V ... ... ... ... ... ...
Am_m=na_m_m
dm Aao=Ad`,B{V=`m
V=dmH$mo
lw`m=lw{Vgm|
agoV=AmZX AZw^d H$ao
ldUm=ldU Am{X H$[adogm|
B{V=Egmo(A{n=h)
XeZH$\$b:=XeZ hr Ohm \$b CV_=H$mo ho
hmoV ho Egr, {d{Y={d{Y
""^maV!=ho AOwZ!
{VkmV=H$hr ho
V_mV=VmV|
V=dmH$mo,ÔoV=ÔZH$ao
A^`_=A^`Hy$
BN>Vm=BN>dodmaoH$m|
H$[ado`mo`ho, ggma=ggmaH$m|
Bda=Bda
{OhmgV=N>m{S>doH$s BN>m
gdm_m=g~ZHo$ Am_m
H$[adodmao, nwf`=nwfHy$
^JdmZ=^JdmZ
A{deofoU=g_mZ$ngm|
gmYZXr{nH$m
543
h[a=lrH$U
lmoV`=ldU H$[ado`mo`
H$s{VV`=H$sVZ H$[ado`mo`
M=A _V`=_aU
hao=h[aHo$
AmamYZo=AmamYZ_|
_wpV=_wpV
(^d{V)=hmoVho
^mdmW : ""Am_mH$mo XeZ H$aZmo M{hò, ldU H$aZmo M{hò, _ZZ H$aZmo
M{hò, {Z{X`mgZ H$aZmo M{hò'' `m lw{VdMZ_| na_m_XeZHo$ AW na_m_mHo$
ldU-_ZZ-{Z{X`mgZH$s Amkm ho. Vog| hr ""dmH$mo ÔZ H$ao'' ""dmH$mo
agmZw^d H$ao'' Egoh lw{VdMZ h|&&5&&
lw{VH$s `mB _{V_| h ""Vmgm| ho ^maV! A^` mV H$[adoH$s BN>m
am{Idodmao _Zw`Hy$ g~ZHo$ Am_m, ^JdmZ, Bda lrh[aH$mo ldU-H$sVZ_aU H$aZo M{hò'' Eg| H$mo ho&&6&&
BZ g~ dMZZgm| `h {g hmoV ho Ho$ AhVm-__Vm_H$ ggmaHy$
N>m{S>doH$s BN>m H$[adodmao _Zw`H$m| ^wH$mo AmamYZ hr _wpV$n OmZZmo&&7&&
(Vhm `m|1 A Ho$gmo2 Jw Amd`H$ hmoV ho VmH$mo {Z$nU)
....................VH$mamo
{Z$`Vo &&7&&
""_mhm`kmZny d m} { h
gw T>
gd V mo @ {YH$&&
Zo h mo " ^pV'[a{V mo VV`m_w p VZ Mm`Wm''&&8&&
_mhm`kmnZm` d
ldU
Jw U H$_ U m_ &&
emmUm_ Cn`mo J mo @ VmH$m j m Jw a mo a ^do V 1&&9&&
""H $ Ugo d m-na dr` X^m{X-a{hV Za_ &&
lr^mJdVVdk Ôo V {Okmgw a mXamV ' ' 2 &&10&&
(AV na)=Vmgm| A~
VH$mamo=dmHo$ H$maH$mo
{Z$`Vo={Z$nU H$aV hm|
Ed={ZpMV $ngm|
(gmYZ_)=gmYZho,A=`m_|
emmUm_=emZH$mo
gmYZXr{nH$m
544
_hm`kmZnyd:=_mhm`Ho$
kmZnydH$, {h={ZpMV$ngm|
gwT>=gwT>
gdVmo{YH$=g~gm| A{YH$
Zoh:=Zoh, ^pV=^pV ho
B{V=Eg|, moV=H$mo ho
V`m=VmV|
_wpV=_wpV hmoV ho
A`Wm=Amoa H$mh H$magm|
Z M=Zmht hmoV ho
_mhm`kmnZm`=_mhm`H$mo
OZm`doHo$ H$mO
JwUH$_Um_=JwU-H$_ZH$m|
ldU_=gwZZmo
Cn`moJ=Cn`moJ/Amd`H$Vm
(ApV)=hmoVho
V=Vm_|
Jwamo=JwH$s
AmH$mjm=Amd`H$Vm
^doV=hmoV ho, {Okmgw:=
kmZ mpVH$s BN>mdmamo
H$Ugodmna=H$Ugodm_| Vna
X^m{Xa{hV=XÂm{Xgm|a{hV
lr^mJdVVdk=^mJdVnwamUHo$
VdH$m| Om{Zdodmao,Za_=ZaH$m|
dr`=narjU H$[aHo$
AmXamV=AmXagm|
ÔoV =ÔZ H$ao
^mdmW : Vmgm| A~ ^JdXÔZ$n _wpVH$s mpV Om gmYZgm| hmo` dm

gmYZHo$ H$maH$mo {Z$nU H$aV hm|. em_| ^pVHo$ bjUH$mo {Z$nU ""^wHo$
_mhm`Ho$ kmZ nydH$ ^w_| gwT> A g~gm| A{YH$ Zoh BVZ| ^pV Eg|
H$mo ho. Egr ^pVgm| hr _wpV hmoV ho, A` H$mh H$magm| _wpV Zmht hmoV
ho'' `m H$magm| H$mo ho&&8&&
`m dMZ_| ^yZHo$ JwU-H$_ZH$mo ldU H$aZmo VmH$m| _mhm`kmZH$mo
gmYZ H$mo ho. gmo Vmo emV| hmoB gH$V ho VmV| emHo$ A``ZH$s
Amd`H$Vm naV ho. emH$mo A``Z Jw {dZm Z g^do VmV| JwH$m| hr
gdW_ gmYZ _m`mo J`mo ho&&9&&
VmV| ^yZH$mo _mhm`kmZ mpV H$[adoH$s BN>mdmamo Ord Omo H$Ugodm_|
Vna hmo`, X^ Am{Xgm| a{hV hmo` A lr_X^mJdVnwamUHo$ VdH$m| Om{Zdodmao
ZaH$mo narjU H$[aHo$ AmXagm| ÔZ H$ao&&10&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
545
(d_mJu` JwH$mo W_ H$V` : ^Jdn{mHo$ H$mO Xdr OrdZH$m| o[aV

H$aZm|)
Xo h mo `m {``mgy Z m na nma ^dm~w Y o &&
Jw Um H$U Y mao U * 1 w mm`m dmo n Xo e V&&11&&
""`mo ~mU {dXYm{V nyd `mod doXmM {hUmo{V V_&&
V h Xod_ Am_-~w{H$me _w_wjwd eaU_h no''&&12&&
""gd Y _m Z n[a`` _m_o H $ eaU d O ''&&
B{V lw `m VWm _ `m n`mXo e _m{XV&&13&&
Xohmo`m=Xoh$nrZmdmam
^dm~wYo=^dgmJaH$s
na=nbr, nma=nma
{``mgyZm=Om`doH$s BN>mdmaoH$m|
dmonXoeV=AnZo CnXoeZgm|
{h=hr
H$UYmaoU=H$UYma$nr
JwUm=Jwmam
Am_~w{H$me=Am_V`m
~w{gm| H$m{eV hmo`dodmao
Xod_=XodH$m|, Ah=_|
_w_wjw=_wV hmo`doH$s BN>mdmamo
d=nyU$ngm|, eaU=eaU
no''=OmV hm|
gdY_mZ=g~ Y_ZH$m|
Cmm`m=nma CVmaZo M{hò

`:=Omo, nyd=n{hbo
~mU=~mOrH$m|
{dXYm{V=~ZmdV ho
`:=Omo, d={ZpMV$ngm|
V_={dZH$m|, doXmZ=doXZH$mo
M=h, {hUmo{V=XmZhXoVh|
V=dm, h={g
n[a``=nyUV`m N>m{S>Ho$
_m_=_oao, EH$=EH$Ho$
eaU=eaU, dO=Am` Om
B{V=Egr, lw`m=lw{VZ_|
VWm=A, _`m=_{VZ_|
Am{XV=ma^gm|
n`mXoe_=eaUmJ{VH$moAmXoeho
^mdmW : Xoh$nr ZmdHo$ mam ggmag_wH$s nbrnma Om`doH$s BN>mdmaoH$s

ZmdH$m| VmH$mo H$UYma-Zmd Io`dodmamo Jw AnZo Cm_ CnXoeZV| nma CVmao&&11&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
546
doVmdVa Cn{ZfX_| H$mo ho Omo ""Omo nyd_| ~mOrH$m| H$Q> H$aV ho

A {VZH$m| doXZH$m| XmZ XoV h| dm Am_~w{gm| H$m{eV hmo`dodmao XodH$s
eaU_| _ OmV hm|''&&12&&
^JdXJrVm_|h ^JdmZZ| d_wIgm| AOwZH$m| Amkm H$s{Z ho Omo ""g~
Y_ZH$mo `mJ H$[aHo$ Ho$db _oao eaU Amd'' Eg| lw{V A _{V _| gd W_
eaUmJV hmo`doH$mo AmXoe ho&&13&&
(d_mJu` {OHw$bHo$ {e`ZH$mo H$V`)
o Umo n Xo e -ldUmV * 2n{m o _ -H$maU_ &&
AVmo _y b m{^fo H $mo {h H$m` g Vo Z m` go d Zo &&14&&
Z{h Xo h ^ V m e` H$_ `Vw _ Aeo f V&&
AV dY_m M aU ^ma- J w `_ A`Wm&&15&&
dY_m M aU e`m Y_m mw {ZdV Z _ &&
Bp`md-{d{ZJ m h gd W m Z Òo V ` &&16&&
B{V
^mJdVmo
Y_
lr_XmMm` - g_V&&
^pV-emmZw H y $ ò Z dY_m M aU ^do V &&17&&
oUm=o_Ho$ g{hV
CnXoeldUmV=CnXoe gw{Zdogm|
n{m=eaUmJ{V hr
o_H$maU_=o_H$mo H$Q>
H$[adoH$mo H$maU
(^d{V)=hmoV ho
AV=VmV|, VoZ=dmH$m|
(_w_wjwUm)=_w_wjwH$m|
A`=`mHo$
(^JdV)=^JdmZHo$
A`Wm=Zqh Vmo
^maJw`_=XwJZmo ^ma
(`mV)=hmoV ho
e`m=epV AZwgma
{h=hr
dY_mMaU_=dY_H$mo AmMaU
AY_mV=AY_V|, Vw=Vmo
{ZdVZ_=gdWm Xya ahZmo
Bp`md{d{ZJmh=Bp`$nr
AdZH$mo {ZJh H$aZmo
gmYZXr{nH$m
547
godZo=godZ_|
_ybm{^foH$=_yb_| A{^foH$
H$m`=H$aZmo
Xoh^Vm=XohdmaoV|
H$_=H$_H$mo
AeofV=nyU$ngm|
`Vw=`mJ H$aZmo
Z=Zmht, {h=hr
e`_=g^dho, AV=VmV|
dY_mMaU_=dY_mZwgma
AmMaU(H$m`)=H$aZmo
(EVV)=ò, `=VrZ
gdWm=H$~h, Z=Zmht
ÒoV=`mJZo
B{V=ò, lr_XmMm`g_V=
lrdb^mMmÒrH$m| _m`
^mJdV=^Jdg~pY
Y_=Y_ (ApV)=ho
dY_mMaU=dY_H$mo AmMaU
^pVemmZwHy$òZ=
^pVemHo$ AZwHy$b a{hHo$
^doV=hmoV ho
^mdmW : Cn`wV bjUdmao JwHo$ _wIV| lmo_gm| ^JdN>mHo$ CnXoeH$mo

ldU H$[adoV| ^pVHo$ H$maU$n ^JdmZH$mo eaU {g hmoV ho. H${bH$mb_|
H$`mUH$mar g~ emr` gmYZ O~ Xw:gm` hmo` Jò h| V~ A`m`
gmYZZ_| l_ Zmht H$[aHo$ gd_yb^yV ^JdV-eaU$n Cnm`H$mo hr godZ
H$aZmo&&14&&
XohYmarV| H$_ZH$mo nyU$ngm| `mJ g^d Zmht hmoV ho. Vmgm| AnZoAnZo dU A Aml_ Ho$ Y_mZwgma H$_ H$aZo. Eg| Z H$ao Vmo dY_mMaUH$s
Cnojm A dN>X AmMaU Eg| Xmo` Xmof Am` na|&&15&&
Vmgm| epV AZwgma dY_H$mo AmMaU H$aZmo, AY_mMaU gdWm Z
H$aZmo Amoa Bp`$nr AdZH$mo {deof$ngm| {ZJh H$aZmo. BZ Vr`m| ~mVZH$mo
`mJ gdWm Z H$aZmo&&16&&
`m H$maH$mo ^mJdV Y_ _hm^w lrdb^mMm`H$m| _m` ho. {ZO
dUml_Y_Ho$ AmMaU H$[ado_|h ^pVemgm| AZwHy$b dUml_Y_H$mo AmMaU
H$aZmo BVZmo {deof ho&&17&&
(Vhm {ZOemImHo$ AZwgma fmoS>egH$ma VWm V_ybH$ AmpZH$ emMmMma1gmYZXr{nH$m
458
Am{X ^`wn`moJr hmo`doV| {OearaHo$ YmaU H$[adodmaoZHo$ H$mO Amd`H$

hmoV h|)
J^m Y mZm{X-g H$ma
{O _ m `V-g^d &&
Xo h g e mo Y Zr`mo {h h[a^mdmo Z Mm`Wm &&18&&
{Z` H$_ZH$mo AmMaUh H$aZmo M{hò&&19&&
_m`V-g^d=
_mOr~YZ n`V hmoVo
J^mYmZm{X-gH$ma=
J^mYmZ Am{X gH$magm|
{O={OZH$m|
Xoh=Xoh, {h=Ad`
(g)=dmo
{nVVnU_={nVZH$mo VnU
ZmZ=ZmZ
ddXodH$-XodmMm=ddXodHo$
g`mOn=g`m A On
XodH$mo AMZ, B{V=BZ
hmo_=hmo_
fQ>H$_H$V=N>o H$_ H$[adodmamo
dm`m`=AYrV doXH$mo AmdVZ ^doV=hmo`
gemoYZr`=ew H$aZmo M{hò

A`Wm=Eg| Z H$ao Vmo
M={ZM` hr
h[a^md=~^md
Z=Zmht
(^d{V)=hmoV ho.
^mdmW : J^mYmZ gH$magm| bo`Ho$ _mOr~YZ$n `kmondrV gH$ma n`V

g~ gH$maZgm| {O BVZ| ~mU-j{`-d` AnZo XohH$mo gemoYZ H$ao. Eg|
H$aoV| Xoh n{d hmoB V~ Xoh_| ^JdX^mdH$s `mo`Vm {g hmoV ho A`Wm
Zmqh&&18&&
em M mMma-{dhrZ`
Amgw a mdo e -g^dmV &&
VV dmpZH$-Y_m U m_ AmMmamo @ {n g`Vo &&19&&
emMmMma{dhrZ`=
ew{ Am{X AmMmagm| a{hVH$m|
Amgwamdoeg^dmV=Amgwamdoe
hmo`doH$s g^mdZm hmo`doV|
VV=VmV|
dmpZH$Y_mUm=AnZo X{ZH$Y_ZHo$
AmMma=AmMma, A{n=h
g`Vo=mV hmoV h|
^mdmW : Omo `pV ew{ Am{XHo$ AmMmaH$mo `Wm{d{Y nmbZ Zmqh H$aV ho
{VZHo$ Xohop`Z_| Amgwamdoe hmo`doH$s nyU g^mdZm ahV ho. VmV| AnZo-AnZo
gmYZXr{nH$m
549
ZmZ 1 g `mOnmo 2 hmo _ 3 dm`m` 4 {nV V n U _ 5 &&

d dXo d H$Xo d mMm 6 B{V fQ > H$_ H $ X ^do V &&20&&
^mdmW : gmo N>o {Z`H$_ `m H$ma OmZ| : em{d{Ygm| ZmZ, g`m Amoa
On, hmo_, nT>o ^ò doXH$mo AmdVZ, {nVVnU, ddXodHo$ XodH$mo nyOZ-BZ N>o
H$_ZH$m| {O {Z` H$ao&&20&&
`Wm {h H$Y-emImZm
Vamo _ y b m{^fo M Z_ &&
VWm gdm h U `_mV n[aM`m { d{Yh a o &&21&&
AVg
VXZw a mo Y o Z
{Z`H$_ H $ {Va
dam&&
A`WmVw H $ {V` W m d ` { df`m `V&&22&&
`Wm=Oog|, Vamo=djHo$
_ybm{^foMZ=_yb_| H$`m} OmVmo
ObH$mo goMZ, {h=hr
H$Y-emImZm=N>moQ>r-~S>r
emImZHy$(A{n=h
^d{V)=mV hmo` Om` ho
VWm=Vmhr H$magm|
AV=Vmgm|
VXZwamoYoZ=dmHo$ AZwgma
{Z`H$_H${V={Z`H$_ H$aZo
dam=lo>(`mV)=hmoV h|
A`Wm=Eg| Z H$ao V~
Vw=Vmo, H${V=H$`m} ^`mo
`Wm={Z\$b
gmYZXr{nH$m
550
hao=h[aH$s
n[aM`m{d{Y=godm{d{Y h
(ApV)=ho, `_mV=dmgm|
gdmhU_=g~ZH$mo nyOZ
(^d{V)=hmo` OmV ho
(`mV=hmoV ho
`V=`m|Ho$
(gm)=dmo H${V
d`{df`m={dJ g~Yr
(^doV)=hmoV ho
^mdmW : Oog| djHo$ _yb_| Ob S>m[adoV| djHo$ n, N>moQ>r-~S>r emIm Am{X

g~ ^mJZ_| Ob Amnwhr nhm|{M OmV ho Vog| hr lrH$UH$s godm{d{Ygm| g~H$s
nyOm hmo` OmV ho. VmV| dm AZwgma hr {Z`H$_ H$aZmo Cm_ ho. `{X Eg| Z H$ao
Vmo (Oog| djHo$ _yb_| Ob Z S>mao Amoa dmHo$ S>mbr-nmmZn| Ob S>maVmo aho Vmo
Obh `W Om` A djh gy{H$ Om` Eg|) g~ H$_ {Z\$b hmoB OmV h|.
`m|? Omo H$_Zgm| ny` Vmo nwfmom_ lrH$U hr h|, {dZH$m| N>m{S>Ho$ H$_ H$ao
Vmo H$_~YZgm| Ny>{Q>doHo$ WmZn| H$_Zgm| Amoa A{YH$ ~Y Om`. `m|? Omo Ego
H$_ Vmo Y_mW-H$m_$n {dJH$m|hr {g H$aV h|&&22&&
J^m Y mZm{Xg H$ma demImo V a {Omo `w V &&
Jw no X ... ... ... ... ... ... ...&&
AV=VmV|
demImoV=AnZo doXH$s
emIm_| H$ho AZwgma
J^mYmZm{XgH$ma=
J^mYmZ Am{X gH$ma

`wV=dmamo
({O)=~mU-j{`-d`
Jw=JwHo$, noV=eaU_| Om`
^mdmW : VmV| Omo {O {dJ_| ~{Ydmo Z MmhV hmo` Vmo VmH$m| AnZo doXH$s
emIm_| {Z${nV J^mYmZ Am{X gH$magm| gH$V hmo`Ho$ ^pV_mJu` JwH$s
eaU_| Om`dmo C{MV ho.
({OoVa {e`ZHo$ H$V`H$mo {Z$nU)
gmYZXr{nH$m
551
........A`Vw gXmMmamo@` gl`mV&&23&&

A`=`mHo$
({O`)={OH$mo
gl`mV=^br^m{Vgm| Aml` bo`Ho$
A`Vw=A` Vmo
({OoVaVw)={Ogm| {^Z Vmo

gXmMma=gXmMma namÙ
(gZ)=hmo`Ho$(Jw=JwHo$
noV)=eaU_| Omdo
^mdmW : Amoa Omo {O Z hmo` Vmo em_| H$ho AZwgma {OZH$s n[aM`m H$ao
Amoa gXmMma namÙ a{hHo$ ^pV_mJu` JwH$s eaU Omdo&&23&&
(n{m_mJ_| Xr{jVZH$m|H$ dUdmMmaH$moI n[anmbZ H$aZmo. Vm_| W_
gV{dY ^pVJ/1-7 H$mo CnXoe)
bdmZw J h _ AmMm`m V lrH $ UeaU OZ H$ &&
Ymaò V {VbH $ _mbm d UdmMmaVna&&24&&
AmMm`mV=AmMm`V|
AZwJh_=H$nm,M=Amoa
lrH$UeaU=lrH$UHo$
eaU_H$s Xrjm
bdm=mV H$[aHo$
OZ:=Xr{jV OZ
dUdmMmaVna=
dUd_mJHo$ AmMma_| Vna
(gZ)=hmo`Ho$
{VbH$=D$dnwS> {VbH$
M=Amoa, _mbm=_mbm H$m|
YmaòV=YmaU H$ao
^mdmW : nw{>^pV_mJ_| {Mdmamo `pV nw{>^pV gXm`Ho$ gw`mo`

AmMm`deOH$s H$nm mV H$[aHo$ gdW_ {dZV| lrH$UHo$ Zm__dmar
eaUXrjmH$m| mV H$ao. Eg| ^Jd_mJ_| Xr{jV hmo`Ho$ bbmQ>no Hw$Hw$_gm|
D$dnwS> {VbH$ A H$R>_| VwbgrH$m>H$s _mbm gXm YmaU H$ao&&24&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
552
gd d h[agmH$m` Òo V gd _ Ad Ud_ &&

qh-H$m`m@`XodmMm `{X {Z` M bm{H$H$_&&25&&
(VV=Vm nmN>|
qh-H$m`m@`XodmMm:=
VoZ)=dmH$m|, gdd=g~ H$Nw>
qhgmdmao VWm H$m_ZmdmaoH$_
h[agmH$m`_=h[aHo$AYrZH$aZmo A A` XodVmZH$mo AMZ
(M=A, g)=dmo
ÒoV,=N>mS>o,
AdUd_=dUd_mJgm|{^Z
{Z`={V{XZmH$[adoHo$H$_
gd=g~, ÒoV=N>mS>o
M=h, `{X=Omo
bm{H$H$=bm{H$H$
VXm{n)=gmoh
(MoV=hm|`
ÒoV =N>mS>o
^mdmW : dUd ^ò nmN>| AnZmo gdd lrh[aHo$ AmYrZ H$aZmo. Omo H$Nw>
AdUd AmMma nyd_| H$aV hm|` gmo g~ N>moS>Zo. Ordqhgm Om_| hmoVr hmo` Ego
H$_, H$m` H$_ A A`XodVmZH$s nyOm-AMZm g~ N>mS>o. {Z`-Z{_{mH$
emr` H$_h `{X dUd_mJgm| {dnarV hm|` Vmo {dZH$m| h N>mS>o. Eg| hr
bmoH$V mV dUdVmgm| {dnarV H$m`ZH$mo h `mJ H$ao&&25&&
ny d ^ mS>m{XH $ gd n[a`` {dew { V I &&
ldUm{Xnamo {Z` hao o _ mnXmo ^do V &&26&&
nyd^mS>m{XH$=n{hboHo$
nm Am{X, gd=g~ H$Nw>
n[a``=H$m{T>Ho$
{dew{V={deof n{dVmV|
{Z`=gXm
ldUm{Xna=ldUm{X_| namÙ
(gZ)=hmo`Ho$
hao=lrH$UH$mo
o_mnX:=o_^mOZ
^doV =~Z|
^mdmW : Xr{jV hmo`doV| n{hbo AnZo Cn`moJ_| AmdVo g~ nmm{XH$ H$m{T>Ho$

gmYZXr{nH$m
553
ZdrZ nmm{XH$ bmdZo. ddUml_mZwgma {deof AmJhgm| ZmZ-ImZ-nmZd-ne Am{X_| gXm ew{ amIo. Eg|hr ^Jdg~Yr ldU-H$sVZm{X_|
gVV Vna aho. Eg| H$aoV| ^V ^wH$m| {` hmoV ho&&26&&
hao J w U mZm ldU `m`mo ` e U w ` mV gXm J/1&&
OmV{ej `dr`mo ` H$sV ` o X `W H $b J/2 &&27&&
hao=h[aHo$
JwUmZm=JwUZH$mo
ldU=ldU
(Hw$`mV)=H$ao
`m`mo`=~S>oZV|
(M)=h, gXm=gXm
eUw`mV=ldU H$ao
OmV{ej=d` A``Z
(gZ)=H$[aHo$
`drò`=N>moQ>oZH|$ VmB
H$sVòV=H$sVZ H$ao
A`Wm=Zqh Vmo
EH$b=BH$bmoh
(H$sVòV)=H$sVZ H$ao
^mdmW : ~S>oZgm| gXm ^Jdg~Yr ldU H$ao. Omo ldU H$sZmo hmo` dmH$s
T>VmHo$ AW d`h dmH$mo A`mg H$ao. gr ^VZHo$ AmJ| ^JdH$sVZ H$ao.
gnwfH$mo g mV Z hmo` Vmo BH$bmo hr ^JdH$sVZ H$ao&&26&&
A{Vgw Xa$nm{U
brbmYm_m{Z
g _ao V J/3 &&
nmXgo d m hao H$m`m gd g npZHo $ VZ J/4&&28&&
hao=h[aHo$
A{VgwXa$nm{U=A`V
gwXa $nZH$mo, M=A
brbmYm_m{Z=brbmYm_ZH$mo
g_aoV,=gVV _aU H$ao
gdgnpZHo$VZ=AnZo KaYZ-gn{mgm|, hao=^wHo$

nmXgodm=MaUH$_bH$s godm
(A{n)=h
H$m`m=Ad` H$aZr
gmYZXr{nH$m
554
Xm`=XmgnZm|, Ed=Eg|
^mdmW : Oog| ^Jdg~Yr ldU-H$sVZ H$ao Eg| hr ^wHo$ gdm{YH$ gwXa
d$n A ^wHo$ Abm{H$H$ brbmYm_Z H$mo h gVV _aU H$aVmo aho. Eg|hr
^wHo$ MaUH$_bH$s godmh AnZo Ka-YZ Am{X gddHo$ {d{Z`moJnydH$ Ad`
H$ao&&27&&
AM Z `h V` {d{YZm {Z`_o Z M J/5 &&
dXZ MaUm^mo O o V` ^mdZ`m{Ibo J/6 &&29&&
`h={V{XZ
{Z`_oZ={Z`_gm|
{d{YZm={d{Ygm|
V`={dZH$mo
AMZ=AMZ
(Hw$`mV)=H$ao
M=Amoa,A{Ibo=g~
OJ{V=OJV_|
V`={dZH$s
^mdZ`m=^mdZmgm|
MaUm^moOo={dZHo$ MaUH$_b_|
dXZ=dXZ, (Hw$`mV)=H$ao
^mdmW : _mhm`kmZnydH$ bmoH${dbjU CnMmaZgm| {V{XZ {Z`_gm| ^wH$s

godm H$ao. g_J OJV_| ^JdXm_H$VmH$mo ^md am{IHo$ AnZo_| ^JdXeVmH$mo
X`nydH$ _aU H$[aHo$ lm nydH$ ^wHo$ MaUH$_b_| dXZ H$ao&&29&&
Xm`
VXo H $eaU
VgmX H $-^mo O Z_ J/7 &&
Ed gV{dYm ^pV nZm{YH $ Vm ^do V &&30&&
VXoH$eaU=EH$ dmH$mo hr eaU
VgmXH$^moOZ=dmHo$ CpN>>
gmXH$mo hr ^moOZ
gV{dYm=gmV H$maH$s
^pV=^pV(Ho$ H$mO)
nZm{YH$Vm=eaUmJ{V_|
gmYZXr{nH$m
555
A{YH$mar, ^doV=hmoV ho
^mdmW : EH$_m lrH$UH$mo hr Aml` (AZ`Vm) A lrH$UH$m| g_{nV

nXmWH$mo hr ^moOZ (g_{nV OrdZ) VmH$m| "^wH$mo XmgnZmo' H$hV h|. `m
H$magm| ldUgm| bo`H|$ Xm` n`V gmV H$maH$s ^pVHo$ g`J AZw>mZgm|
eaUmJ{V {g hmoVho&&30&&
(n{m_mJ _ | Xr{jVZ H $m| d Ud d V mo gd K nM`kL> VrW d mg M
dUd{VbH$m{X ~m`m`Va {MZH$moN>-O YmaU Am{XH$mo CnXoe)
ny d { d n[a`m` d V VX { dUw n MH$_ &&
*4
O`Vr Vy X ò @ ò Z Xw Q>m`mÙmo X `mV &&31&&
{dUwnMH$={dUwg~YrnmM
(Mm`m] am_Zqghdm_ZH$UO`Vr
AnmM_r EH$mXerH$mo) dV=dV
nyd{d=nyd{V{WHo$ doYdmao
(MoV)=hm|` Vmo, VV={VZH$m|
n[a`m`_=VOZo
O`Vr=O_mogd
Vw=Vmo, CXò=gy`m}X`_|
AòZ=Xygar {V{WZgm|
XwQ>m=Xy{fV, (M)=A
A`m=Xygar
(EH$mXer)=EH$mXerA{n=h
AUmoX`mV=gy`mX`V|
(XwQ>m=Xmofdmar
MoV)=`{X hmo` Vmo
`m`m=VOZr
^mdmW : nyd {V{WH$mo Om {V{W_| doY AmdVmo hmo` dm {XZ EH$mXer, O`Vr
Am{X {dUwnMH$ dVmogd VOZo. gy`m}X` H$mb_| Omo {V{W hmo` dmhrH$m| dm
{XZH$s {V{W _m{ZHo$ lrH$UO`Vr Am{X Cgd H$aZo. Eg| hr EH$mXer h
A` {V{WHo$ doYdmar hmo` Vmo VOZr.
dfm { lVm`w gdm{Z
dm{lVm`{n
gmYZXr{nH$m
556
`m`w V K &&
Vm{Z gdm { U haò

`m{Z=Omo
dfm{lVm{Z=dfâHo$
Cgdm{Z=Cgd, CV=A
dm{lVm{Z=d_ZmoaWO{ZV
gdm{U=g^r Vahgm|
{h=Ad`
*5
`Zw H y $ bm{Z Mmn ` o V &&32&&

A{n M=h (Cgd)
AZwHy$bm{Z=AZwHy$b
(MoV)=hm|` Vmo
Vm{Z={VZH$m|
haò=h[aH$m|
AnòV=A{nV H$ao
^mdmW : dfâ_| AmdVo Cgd A d_ZmoaWgm| O{ZV Cgd h gmYZgn{m, dm`, g_` Am{XH$s AZwHy$bVm hmo` Vmo {dZ g~H$m|h Ad`
^wZHo$ gmW _ZmdZ|&&32&&
lmm{Z Mmo m_mò d d dXo d M X d H$_ &&
hao gmXV Hw $ `m V VVg V p VaZw m_m&&33&&
Cm_m{Z=Cm_
lmm{Z=lm, M=A
ddXod=ddXod
XdH$=Xod g~Yr
M=Ad`, hao=h[aHo$
gmXV=gmXgm|
Hw$`mV=H$aZ|,VV=Vmgm|
({nVUm={nVZH$m|
M=A,XodmZm)=XodVmZH$m|
AZwm_m=Cm_mom_
VpV=gVmof
(^d{V)=hmoV ho
gmXmo @ {n ~{b H$m` dm_g H$maEd g&&

AZ` Mm_ZMm{n Vg H$mao U Vna&&34&&
~{b=^yV`k, A{n=h
gmX:=^Jd_hmgmX(gm|)
Ed=hr,^d{V=hmoV ho
(AV)=VmV|
AZ`=AZ, M=A
Am_Z:=Am_mH$mo
H$m`=H$aZmo, g=dmo
dm_gH$ma:=Am_gH$ma
M A{n=h
VgH$maoU=dm gH$magm|
Vna=Vna
(^doV )=hmoZmo
^mdmW : JmoJmg Am{X ^yV`kh ^wHo$ _hmgmXgm|hr H$aZo. dmo AnZo Am_mH$mo
gH$ma hr ho. VmV| AZ A Am_m Ho$ dm hr gH$magm| Vna ahoZmo&&34&&
{dm Jmdmo hao ^ Vm gXm ny `m hao {`m&&
J h W`m{V{W` _mV ny `mo XrZmo X`mnX L>&&35&&
{dm=~mU, Jmd=Jm`
hao ^Vm=^JdX^V
`_mV=`m|Ho$, hao=h[aHo$
{`m={` hmoV h|
(V_mV)=VmV|
gXm=gXm, ny`m=ny`
(ko`m)=OmZ Zo
JhW`=JhWH$m|
A{V{W=A{V{W
ny`mo=ny`, (^d{V)=hmoV ho
XrZM=Xw:Ir, X`mnXmo=X`mnm
(^d{V)=hmoV ho
^mdmW : Cm_ lmm{XH$ A {ddoXod g~Yr A A`h XodVm g~Yr

gd H$m` AmJhgm| ^Jd_hmgmXgm| hr H$ao. VmV| {nVZH$m| A ^JdmZHo$
H$_g{Md XodVmZH$m| h Cm__mom_ VpV hmoV ho&&33&&
^mdmW : ~mU, Jm` A ^JdX^V ^wH$m| {` h| VmV| BZ g~ZH$mo gH$ma

Ad` H$aZmo. `mhr H$magm| JhWH$m| A{V{W h ny` hmoV ho. JhWH$m| Xw:Ir
OZZn| X`m^md amIZmo&&35&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
gmYZXr{nH$m
557
558
OJZmWo m[aH$m`m lrao dO_S>bo&&

` nyOmdmh `mV V {VR>oM Vna&&36&&
OJZmWo=OJZmWnwar_|
lrao=lraOr_|
dO_S>bo=dO_S>b_|
`=Ohm, M=H$h
nyOmdmh=nyOmH$mo AZdaV H$_
m[aH$m`m=m[aH$mnwar_|
`mV=hmo`
V=Vhm
Vna=^JdmZ_| namÙ
(gZ=hmo`Ho$){VR>oV=ahZmo
^mdmW : OJZmWnwar, maH$mnwar, dO_S>b Am{X ^JdWmZZ_| Ohm-H$h

AZdaV ^JdnyOm AZw{>V hmoVr hmo` Vhm ^JdmZ_| namÙ hmo`Ho$ aho&&36&&
Jm{X-VrW - d`} f w `Wm {Mm Z Xw `{V M &&
ldUm
Ôo X o d
lr^mJdVVna&&37&&
Jm{XVrWd`}fw=JmOr
Am{X lo> VrWZ_|
`Wm=Oog|, {Mm={Mm
Z=Zmht
Xw`{V=Xy{fV hmodo
Ed=Eg|
lr^mJdVVna=lr^mJdV_| Vna
(gZ=hmo`Ho$)Ed=VWm
ldUm=ldU Am{Xgm|
(^w)=^wH$m| ÔoV=Ôo
^mdmW : JmOr Am{X lo> VrWZ_|, A{V {ZH$Q>Vm Am{XHo$ H$maU VrWHo$
AZmXa Am{X$n XmofZgm| {Mm Oog| Xy{fV Zmht hmo` dm H$magm| lr^mJdV_|
Vna hmo`Ho$ ^wH$mo ldUm{Xgm| ÔZ H$ao&&37&&
D$d n w S > m{U _ _w m Vw b gr-H$mR>Om{n H $ &&
~m`m>m`mVam{U `w ^Vo: empV-{daV`&&38&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
559
D$dnwS>m{U=D$dnwS> {VbH$
VwbgrH$m>Om=VwbgrH$m>H$s
H$=_mbm, A{n=h
^Vo=^pVHo$
__wm=JmonrMXZgm| Zm_m{X _wm

~m`m>m{Z=~m bjU,(M=A)
empV{daV`=empV VWm {dapV
AmVam{U=AmVa bjU, `w=hmoV h|
^mdmW : D$dnwS> {VbH$, JmonrMXZgm| Zm_m{X_wm A VwbgrH$m>gm| ~Zr

_mbm ò ^pV_mJuHo$ ~m bjU h|. Eg| hr empV VWm {dapV ^pV_mJuHo$
AmVa bjU h|&&38&&
e_mo X_Vn em M jmpVamO d _o d M&&
X`m XmZ M {dkmZ lm X d m_gnX&&39&&
X d m_gnX nw g ^pV^ d {V Z p R>H$s N>-O &&
e_:=AmVa Bp`Zn| g`_
X_=~m Bp`Zn| g`_
Vn=H$>H$m| ghZmo
emM=n{dVm
jmpV:=Y`/j_merbVm
AmOd=gabVm
X`m=X`m, XmZ=XmZ
{dkmZ=VdkmZ,lm=lm
M=B`m{X
Xdm_gnX=Xdr OrdHo$ JwU
Ed={ZM`(gpV=h|)
Xdm_gnX=Xdr OrdHo$ JwUdmao
nwg=nwfH$m|
^pV=^pV, M={ZpMV
ZpR>H$s=T>{Z>mdmar
^d{V=hmoV ho
^mdmW : AmVa VWm ~m Bp`Zn| g`_, H$>ghZmo,emr` gXmMmaHo$

AZwgma n{dVm amIZr, Y`/j_merbVm, gabVm, X`m, XmZ, VdkmZ,
lm B`m{X Xdr OrdZHo$ JwU OmZZ|.Ego Xdr JwUdmao nwfH$m| ^JdX^pV
{ZM`hr T>{Z>mdmar hmoV ho&&39&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
560
(BZ JwUZHo$ H$maU ^pV O~ gdm_^mdmnZm1 hmodo V~ `m bmoH$_|

nM{d_{VnydH$ ^JdXmgpV2 A dHw$R>m{X ^JdbmoH$_| godmon`moJr
XohH$s mpV3h \${bV hmoV ho)
``m "gdm_^mdm'`m nam {g{ d` ^doV1&&40&&
gd=g~ {R>H$mZo
{daV`={daVH$m|, Ed=hr
VoZ=dmV|,AmgpV=AgpV
`gZ=`gZ
``m=Om(ZpR>`m=T>,^`m=^pVgm|) nam=CH$>,{g{={g{
"gdm_^mdm'`m="gdm_^md'
d`=Amnwhr
Zm_gm| OmZr OmVr
^doV={g hmoV ho
^mdmW : Omo gd dam`dmamo hmo` dmH$m| hr ZXZXZ lrH$U_| o_ hmoV ho.

o_V| AmgpV hmoV ho, AmgpVV| `gZ A nMH$s A\y${V nydH$ _ZH$mo
^JdmZ_| {ZamoY {g hmoV ho&&42&&
^mdmW : Z{>H$s ^pVHo$ H$maU "gdm_^md' Zm_gm| {g CH$> {g{

d` hr mV hmoV ho&&40&&
gd d Vw f w
d a m`
Xmo f Q>m
{d^mdò V &&
X_ZmX Bp`mUm M gVw Q> m{n M {g`{V&&41&&
XmofQ>m=Xmofdmar {>gm|
gddVwfw=g~ dVyZ_|
dam`=dam`H$s
{d^mdòV ={deof$ngm| ^mdZm H$ao
Bp`mUm=Bp`ZHo$
X_ZmX=X_ZV|, M=A
gVwQ>m=gVmofV|
A{n=h
M={ZpMV$ngm|(VX=dmo)
{g`{V={g hmoV ho
^mdmW : Xmof{> am{IHo$ gd dVyZ_| dam`H$s {d^mdZm H$ao. Bp`Zn| g`_

A gVmof am{IdoV| h Ad` dam` {g hmoV ho&&41&&
gd d {daV` amJ `mX ZXZXZo &&
Vo Z mgpVM `gZ nMm\w $ aU 2 ^do V &&42&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
561
ZXZXZo=lrH$U_|
amJ=o_,`mX=hmoV ho
nMm\w$aU=nMH$s {d_{V
M=h,^doV=hmoV ho
Ed
{Z{Mm`mZw J h rV`
Mo { eVw &&
brbmdoemo3@nrQ>M ""V_mZ _N>aUmo''pVV&&43&&
Ed=`m H$magm|,B{eVw=BeHo$
AZwJhrV`=H$nmdmao
M=A
{Z{Mm`={Z {MmdmaoH$mo
""V_mZ=VmV|
_N>aU(_)''=_| eaU h
CpVV=`m CpVgm|
brbmdoe=^Jdbrbm_| doe
M=A, BQ>=B>
A{n=h,(^d{V=hmoV ho)
^mdmW : `m H$magm| OmH$mo {Mm ^w_| {Z ^`mo hmo` A OmHo$ D$na

^wH$s H$nm ^B hmo` dmH$mo brbm_| doe h B> hr ho gmo JmodYZmoaUHo$ g_`
^JdmZH$o ""VmV| _| hr JmoH$w bH$mo Aml` h ...'' (^mJ.nwam.10&22/25&18)
B`m{X dMZV| {g hmoV ho&&43&&
(Ego Vmer dUdZH$s `m ^yVbno pW{V A` OrdZHo$ Oogr H$mbH$_-d^mdmYrZ hmoV Zmht)
gmYZXr{nH$m
562
Z nmn g H$amo ò d _mXo dmew {ZH $ {V&&

AkmV-I{bVmZm M h[aao d nam J{V&&44&&
g=dmo, nmn=nmn
Z=Zmht, Ed=hr
H$amo{V,=H$ao ho
_mXo=AkmZ_|, Vw=Vmo
Amew=erK
{ZH${V=Nw>Q>H$mam(^d{V=hmoV ho)
AkmVI{bVmZm=AkmZgm|
n{VV ^òZHo$, M={ZpMV
h[a=h[a, Ed=hr, nam=ApV_
J{V=Cnm`/gmYZ, (ApV)=h|
^mdmW : Egmo ^JdXr` H$~h nmnH$_ Zmht H$aV ho. H$~hH$ AkmZV| H$moC
{ZpXV/{Z{f AmMaU hmo` Om` Vmo h erKhr dmHo$ AnamYV| Ny>Q>r OmV ho.
VmV| AkmZV| {OZH$mo IbZ hmoV ho {dZH$s EH$_m J{V lrh[a hr h|&&44&&
*6
h[aa
^VmnamYo f w
X`` d
grX{V&&
Xmo f o f w Z J{VV_mV Xmo f mZ gn[adO ` o V &&45&&
(`_mV)=`m|Ho$
^VmnamYofw=^VHo$ AnamYZ_|
Xmoffo w =XmofZ_|
A`m=Xygamo
J{V=Cnm`
Z=Zmht,(ApV=ho)
V_mV=VmV|
XmofmZ=XmofZH$m|
gn[adO`Vo =gnyU $ngm| N>mSo >o
h[a=h[a
X``m=X`mV|, Ed=hr
grX{V=gZ hmoV h|
^mdmW : ^VZH$s AnamY AWdm Xmof _|h ^JdX{V[aV A` H$moB J{V

Zmht ho. VmV| XmofZH$mo nyU$ngm| `mJ H$aZmo. VWm h[a {dZn| X`m H$[aHo$ gZ
hr ahV h| Egmo {ddmg amIZmo&&45&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
563
Aey `m {Xdgm `m_m _w h V - K{Q>H$m-bdm&&

^JdX ^ OZ H$m`m g g mamgpVa`Wm&&46&&
{Xdgm={Xdg
`m_m=ha; VrZ KQ>m
_whV-K{Q>H$m-bdm=
48 {_{ZQ>, 24 {_{ZQ>, jU
^JdXÔZ=^JdXÔZgm|
Aey`m=a{hV Zmht
H$m`m=H$aZo
A`Wm=Zqh Vmo
ggmamgpV=ggma_| AmgpV
(^d{V)=hmo` OmV ho
^mdmW : {Xdg, ha, KS>r, jU_m h ^JdXÔZ {dZm Z ahoZmo. ^JdXÔZ

{dZm jU_mh aho Vmo ggmamgpV hmo` OmV ho&&46&&
(Oog| lrh[aH$mo ÔZ, Vog|B lrh[aH$s ^mdZm am{IHo$ Jw A dUd
^VZ Ho$ {Vh Z_Z, AMZ VWm X` {Z^mdZo)
Jw go d m
Jw a mo a mkm
Jw a m
lrh[a^mdZm&&
Jw a m ^` Jw a m {g{ nZ n[a^mdò V &&47&&
(nZoZ=eaUmJVH$m|)
Jwgodm=JwH$s godm
(H$V`m=H$aZr)Jwamo=JwH$s
Amkm=Amkm(nmbZr`m=nmbZr)
Jwam=Jw_|,lrh[a^mdZm=
lrh[aH$s ^mdZm(H$m`m=H$aZr)
Jwam=Jw_|,^`=^`
(WmnZr`_=amIZmo)(M=A)
Jwam=Jw_|,{g{={g{
(ApV B{V=ho Eg|)
nZ=eaUmJV {e`
n[a^mdòV=AmN>r ^m{Vgm| ^mdZm H$ao
^mdmW : eaUmJV {e` JwH$s godm H$ao, JwH$s AmkmH$mo nmbZ H$ao, Jw_|
lrh[aH$s ^mdZm H$ao, JwH$mo ^` amIo, Jw_| {g{H$s ^mdZm H$ao. Eg| H$magm|
eaUmJV {e` aho&&47&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
564
^VdXmZ Z_oX AM}X Qdm òV(/hf) g_mZòV&&

^Vodod h[a gmjmV gmXoZ `dpWV_&&48&&
^VdXmZ=^VOZZH$m|
Z_oX=Z_Z H$ao
AM}X=gH$maH$ao(VmZ={dZH$m|)
Qdm=Xo{IHo$
òV,=gZ hmo`(Jh=Ka_|)
g_mZòV=~wbmdo
^Vofw=^VZ_|,Ed=Eg|
gmXoZ=H$nmgm|
`dpWV={~amOVo,gmjmV=gmjmV
h[a=h[aH$m| (nòV=XoIo)
^mdmW : ^$OZZH$m| Um_ H$ao, {dZH$mo gH$ma H$ao, AnwZo Ka_| {dZH$m|
~wbmdo. ^VZHo$ X`_| ^JdmZ gXm gZVmgm| {~amOV h| VmV| ^VZ_|
^JdmZH$m| XoIo&&48&&
{dZm ^Vgo Z gXJw a mo H $ n`m {dZm&&
lr^mJdVemo U {dZm ^pV H$W ^do V &&49&&
^VgoZ=^VHo$ gHo$
{dZm={~Zm,gXJwamo=gXJwH$s
H$n`m=H$nmHo$,{dZm={~Zm
lr^mJdVemoU=lr^mJdV emHo$
{dZm={~Zm,^pV=^pV
H$W=Ho$g|,^doV=hmo`
^mdmW : ^VHo$ g {dZm, gXJwH$s H$nm {dZm VWm lr^mdJdV em {dZm

lrH$U_| ^pV Ho$g| hmo` gHo$?&&49&&
{dZm JX J XH$R>o Z dVm Mo V gm {dZm&&
{dZm Z ò Z JmZo Z h[ar{V H$W ^do V ?&&50&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
565
JXJXH$R>oZ=^JdXmdoegm|
JXJ{XV H$R>Ho$,{dZm={dZm
MoVgm={MmH$s
h[ar{V=h[a_| o_,
dVm=^JdZohgm| dVm
{dZm={dZm, ZòZ=Z`Ho$
(M=A)JmZoZ=JmZHo$,{dZm={dZm
H$W=Ho$g|, ^doV=hmo`
^mdmW : H$sVZ H$aV ^JdXmdoegm| H$R> JXJ{XV Z hmo`, _aU H$aV

^Jdo_gm| {Mm Am Z hmo`, Z`-JmZ g{hV ^JdXÔZHo$ {dZm ^w_| o_
Ho$g| hmo`?&&51&&
""X d r o f m Jw U _`r __ _m`m Xw a ``m&&
_m_o d ò nVo _m`m_o V m VapV Vo ' '&&51&&
Efm=ò,JwU_`r=JwUdmar
(ApV=ho,AV=VmV|)ò=Omo
Xdr=Xdr, __=_oar
_m_=_moH$m|, Ed=hr
_m`m=_m`m, {h={ZM` hr
nVo=eaUmJV hm|`h|,Vo=dmo
Xwa``m=H$>gm| OrVrOm` Egr
EVm=`m,_m`m=_m`mH$m|,VapV=V[agHo$h|
^mdmW : ò JwU_`r _oar Xdr _m`m {ZM` hr H$>gm| OrVr Om gHo$ Egr ho.
VmV| Omo _oar eaU_| Amdo ho dmo hr _oar `m _m`mH$m| V[a gHo$ ho&&51&&
(g{>Ho$ H$Vm Ho$db ^JdmZ h|, Vmgm| ò g{> ^JdXmp_H$m ,ho1 gmo `m
g{>_| nw{>OrdH$m| ÔZmZXmZw^dHo$ XmZmW H$Q> {H$ò h|2, Vmgm| nw{>OrdH$m|
^JdXZwJhmW {Z`mo{OV H$aZm|h ^Jdgodm hr ho3)
H $ sS>mW _ Ag O V ny d dm_Zm dm_H $ OJV &&
V H$m`^dm nw p Q> brbmg p Q>a AZw m_m&&52&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
566
(^JdmZ=^JdmZZ)| nyd =n{hbo

dm_Zm=Amnwgm|
dm_H$=dm_H$-^JdXm_H$
OJV=OJVH$m|
brbmgpQ>=brbmg{>
H$sS>mWv={H$S>mHo$ AW
AgOV=H$Q> {H$`mo
V=Vm_|,H$m`^dm=H$m`mV| H$Q>
AZwm_m=Cm_mom_
nwpQ>=nw{>OrdZH$s(ApV)=ho
^mdmW : ^JdmZZ| n{hbo Vmo H$sS>mHo$ AW Amnwgm| dm_H$ BVZ| ^JdXm_H$

OJV H$Q> {H$`mo. Vm OJV_| Omo Xdr Ord h {VZH$mo AnZr H$m`mV| H$Q>r
nw{>g{>H$s Cm_mom_ brbm_| ArH$ma {H$`mo&&52&&
dm_m e -g^dmZmVw
ÔZmZXbYò &&
{dg Q>mZm VVmo @ ò f m Zm`m gmYZn{V&&53&&
ÔZmZXbYò=ÔZmZXH$mo
XmZ H$[adoHo$ AW
{dgQ>mZm_={deof hoVgw m| H$Q> ^ò
dm_me-g^dmZm_=dm_ Aegm|
H$Q>^òZH$m|,Aòfm=A`ZH$m|
Vw=Vmo,
VV=VmV|
A`m={^Z Xygamo
gmYZn{V=Cnm`, Z=Zmht
(ApV)=ho
^mdmW : ^wHo$ dm_ Aegm| H$Q> ^ò Ord Ho$ {OZH$m| ^yZZ| ÔZmZXH$mo
XmZ H$[adoH$m| H$Q> {H$ò h| {dZH$m| `mV| {^Z Xygamo H$moB Cnm` Zmht ho&&53&&
""``m`_ AZw J Um{V ^JdmZ Am_^m{dV&&
g Ohm{V _qV bmo H o $ do X o M n[a{ZpR> V m_ ' '&&54&&
A`=ò
Am_^m{dV=Am_mgm|^m{dV
g=dmo, bmoHo$=bmoH$_|
M=A, doXo=doX_|
gmYZXr{nH$m
567
^JdmZ=^JdmZ,``=OmHw$
AZwJUm{V=AZwJhH$aoh|
n[a{ZpR>Vm_=A`V pWa
_qV=_{VH$m|,Ohm{V=`mJ Xo ho
^mdmW : Am_V`m ^m{dV ^JdmZ Omn| H$nm H$ao h| dmo ^V bmoH$ A doX
_| n[a{Z{>V AnZr _{VH$m| h `mJ Xo ho&&54&&
* 8 AZw J h o {Z`mo `mo @ V g J h lw { Vg_V&&
_hVm g_`mo _mZ _hmVmo @ hao {`m&&55&&
AV=VmV|(EVme=Ego)
AZwJh o =AZwJh _|
{Z`mo`=o[aV H$aZo
(^d{V=M{hò)(Vme=dogmo
Vw=Vmo)gJh=gJh
lw{Vg_V=doX g_V
(ApV=ho)A=`hm
_mZ=m_mU
_hVm=_hmnwfZH$mo
g_`=g_`/`dhma(ApV=ho)
hao=h[aHo$, {`m={`
_hmV=_hmZ,(gpV)=h|
^mdmW : ^JdX^{$_| _{V pWa hmo` VXW bmoH$-doX_| AmgV Xdr OrdZH$m|
^JdX AZwJh_mJHo$ {V o[aV H$aZo M{hò. Egmo bmoH$gJh (namonH$ma) h
doXg_V hr ho. `hm _mU _hmZ nwfZH$mo AmMa h ho. ^JdmZH$m| Oo {` h|
do hr dVwV: _hmZ h|&&55&&
(lr_X^mJdVHo$ ""a{Vamgmo...'' 3&7&18 bmoH$_| {Z${nV ÔZmZXH$s
CnbpYHo$ H$mO Am_g_nUm{X gmYZZH$mo {Z$nU)
AVg VXZw a mo Y o Z "a{Vamgmo ' `Wm ^do V &&
VXW daU H$m` *lrJmo n mb_hm_Zmo &&56&&
AV=VmV|
"a{Vamg:'=a{Vamg$n ÔZmZX
gmYZXr{nH$m
568
VXZwamoYoZ=dmHo$ AZwgma
^doV={g hmo`
`Wm=Oog|
VXW=dmHo$ AW
lrJmonmb_hm_Zmo=lrJmonmb_H$mo/""a{VmXw^mdmo ^dVw gVV lrn[adT>o''
`m VmoH$mo, daU=daU, H$m`=H$aZmo
^mdmW : (""`god`m ^JdV: ...a{Vamgmo ^doV' ' bmoH$_| JwgodmH$m| ^`wn`moJr
~VmB ho) VmV| JwH$s AmkmHo$ AZwgma Oog| a{Vamg$n ÔZmZX {g hmo`
dmHo$ AW Jmonmb_ AWdm n[adT>m>H$ VmoH$mo {Z` AZwgYmZ H$aZmo&&56&&
Zm`_m_m dMZ a Z {Y`m Z ~h l w V &&
b`Vo daU {hdm d V g d U w V o lw V o &&57&&
A`=ò,Am_m=na_m_m
daU=daU,{hdm={dZm
Z=Z,dMZoZ,=dMZgm|
Z=Z,{Y`m=~w{gm|
Z=Z,~hlwV:=~hV gwZdogm|
b`Vo=mV hmoV ho
dV={Z`_,M=Vmo
gdUwVo=daU H$ao ho
lwVo=lw{Vgm|
(m_m`mV=m_m`gm|)
^mdmW : ò na_m_m daU {dZm Z dMZgm|, Z ~w{gm|, Z Vmo ~hV gw{Zdogm|h

mV hmo` gHo$ ho. daUH$mo ò {Z`_ lw{Vgm| {g ho.
_ dm dr`{d`mo J mpZ VmnXmhmo ^dm~w Y m &&
VV gd g_` d lrJmo n mb_Zw lò V &&58&&
^dm~wYm=^dgmJa_|
VmnXmh=VmnO` Xmh
(ApV=ho, B{V=Eg|)
dr`{d`moJmpZ=AnZo{d`moJmpZH$mo
_dm=_aU H$[aHo$VV=VmV|
gd=g~,g_`=g_{nVH$[aHo$
gmYZXr{nH$m
569
Ed=hr, lrJmonmb_Zw=Jmonmb_H$mo, lòV=Aml` H$ao

^mdmW : `m ^dgmJa_| ^Jd{`moJ ApZXmhHo$ g_mZ h. VmV| (J_moV
H$magw) ^JdpXd`moJ O` ApZH$mo _aU H$[aHo$ dm {d`moJmpZH$s {Zd{mHo$
AW g~ H$Nw> ^yZHy$ AnU H$[aHo$ lrJmonmb_H$mo Aml` H$ao&&59&&
""B> Xm Vnmo OV d V `Mm_Z {`_ &&
XmamZ gwVmZ JhmZ mUmZ `V na_ {ZdoXZ_''&&59&&
BQ>=`km{X, Xm=XmZ
Vn:=Vn, OV=On
dm=dV
Am_Z=d`H$m|
{`_ ={`, `V=Omo
XmamZ=r
gwVmZ=nw,JhmZ=Ka
mUmZ=mU, VV=dmo
na_ =^JdXW
{ZdoXZ_'={ZdoXZ(Hw$`mV=H$ao)
^mdmW : g_VB> BVZ| `km{X A nyV BVZ| XmZ-On-Vn-dV Am{X

H$_ZH$mo A AnZo {` r, nw, Ka, mU Am{X H$moh ^JdgodmHo$ AW
{ZdoXZ H$ao&&59&&
""B{V ^mJdVmZ Y_m Z {ejZ ^`m VXw W`m&&
ZmamÙnamo _m`m_ AOVa{V Xw Vam_ ' '&&60&&
""B{V=`m H$magm|
^mJdVmZ=^JdmZ g~pY
Y_mZ=Y_ZH$m|, {ejZ=Om{ZHo$
VXwW`m=dmV| CnZ
^`m=^pVV|
ZmamÙna=ZmamÙ namÙ
(gZ)=hmo`Ho$
XwVam_=H${R>ZVmgm| V[a gH|$ Egr
gmYZXr{nH$m
570
_m`m_=_m`mH$m|, AO=erK,
Va{V=V[a Om` ho
^mdmW : Ego H$magm| ^mJdVY_ZH$m| Om{ZHo$, dmV| CnZ ^B ^pVgm|

ZmamÙ_| namÙ hmo`Ho$ ^V XwVa _m`mH$m|h erKVmgm| V[a Om` ho&&60&&
Ed `mo J rdamo Vo Z ^pV_mJ} U `mo Òo V &&
gEdmVr` H${bOmZ Xmo f mZ JN> o V na nX_ &&61&&
Ed=Eg|
`moJrdamoVoZ=`moJrdaZHo$ H$ho
^pV_mJ}U=^pV_mJgm|
`=Omo, ÒoV=ÔZ H$ao ho
g:=dmo, Ed=hr
H${bOmZ=H${bH$mbHo$
XmofmZ=XmofZH$m|
AVr`=nma H$[aHo$
na=Cm_, nX_=\$bH$m|
JN>oV=mV H$ao ho
^mdmW : Eg| (EH$mXeH$Y_| {Z${nV) `moJrdamoV ^pV_mJgm| Omo

^JdmZH$mo ÔZ H$ao ho dmo H${bXmofZH$m| nma H$[aHo$ Cm_ nXH$m| mV hmoV
ho&&61&&
(Vmhm ^pV_mJ_| {Z{f Egr H$Ny>H$ ~mVZH$mo {Z$nU)
Zmd Ud gh dgo Z Z V g g J _ mMao V &&
go f w h[a `mò V ... ... ... ... ...
AdUd=AdUdHo$
gh=g, Z=Z, dgoV=aho
V={dZH$mo, ggJ_=ggJ
Z=Z, AmMaoV=H$ao
gofw=gZ_|, h[a=h[aH$mo
`mòV =`mZ H$aZmo
gmYZXr{nH$m
571
^mdmW : AdUdZHo$ g Z aho, {dZH$mo ggJ h Z H$ao. d{MV g hmo`don|

h[aH$mo `mZ Yao. ...
... ... ... ... Zm`mV H$_ { U _V&&62&&
Xo h ew { gXm H$m`m H$aew { : {deo f V&&
dnm ^Jdnm ZmZnm Z _o b ò V &&63&&
H$_{U=H$_Z_|
_V=_gm|
Zm`mV=ZmZ H$aZmo
Xohew{=XohH$s ew{
gXm=gXm
H$m`m=Ad` H$aZr
H$aew{=hmWZH$s ew{
{deofV={deof$ngm|, H$m`m=H$aZr
dnm=AnZo ~mgZ
^Jdnm=^Jdgodmon`moJr ~mgZ
ZmZnm=ZmZHo$ ~mgZ
Z=Zmht, _obòV={_bmZo
^mdmW : H$__| _gm| ZmZ H$ao&&62&&

ZmZm{Xgm| XohH$s ew{ gXm amIZr. Eg| hr XmoC hmWZH$s ew{h {deof
gmdYmZr am{IHo$ H$aZr. AnZo Cn`moJ_| AmVo~mgZ, ^Jdgodmon`moJr ~mgZ
A ZmZHo$ nmZ H$m| {_bmZo Zmht&&63&&
Ed do @ {n {dko ` o
Jmo n ò V dmJ_mMma
*9
ew ew r dd Ud &&
nmH$go d m hao a {n&&64&&
Ed=Eg|, do=dHo$ {dfo

A{n=h,ddUd=AnZo dUdZgm|
ewewr=ew{ VWm Aew{
hao=h[aH$s
{dkoò=OmZZo
nmH$godm=agmoBH$s godm
gmYZXr{nH$m
572
dmJ_mMma=AnZo
AmJ_emmoV AmMma
A{n=h
JmonòV=JwV amIZr
^mdmW : dZHo$ {dfoh Eg| hr g_OZmo. d_mJu` dUdZgm| ew{-Aew{H$s

g_P boZr. nanamgm| mV d_mJu` AVa AmMma VWm ^wH$s agmoB
Am{XH$s godmH$m| h A`Zgm| JwV amIZr&&64&&
(^Jdgodm_| `dhm` ew dVyZH$mo CnXoe)
gm d U amOV g Vm_ nm a `dhao V na &&
nmHo$ dr`mZ gVr`mM gdUmZ gpZ`moOòV&&65&&
na=XygaoZgm|/D$m_gm|
gmdU=gmoZoHo$, amOV=MmXrHo$
Vm_=Vm~mHo$, nm:=nmZgm|
`dhaoV=`dhma H$ao
nmHo$=agmoB_|
dr`mZ=n[aOZZH$m|, (M=A)
gVr`mZ=g_mZ Jwdmao
gdUmZ=g_mZ dUHo$ bmoJZH$m|
gpZ`moOòV=gp_{bV H$ao
^mdmW : gmoZo, MmXr, Vm~m Ho$ nmZH$m| `dhma_| bodo. agmoB_| n[admaHo$
bmoJZH$m| A g_mZ Jw hm|` Ego g_mZ dUHo$ bmoJZH$m| gp_{bV H$ao&&65&&
g_` d ew { M ny d haò @ ` `mo O ò V &&
*10
{_w I ew { M nm Vw ` e w H $ bmo _ O ew { M&&66&&
ew{M=ew dVw
nyd=W_, haò=h[aH$m|
g_`=g{nV H$aHo$,Ed=hr
A`=A` H$moC H$m`_|
nm=nm, Vw=Vmo
{_wI=Xmo _whdmamo(Pmar/H$adm)
ew{M=ew,bmo_O=D$Zgm| ~`mo
{h=, AewH$=d
gmYZXr{nH$m
573
`moOòV=Cn`moJ H$ao
ew{M=ew
^mdmW : ewdVw W_ ^yZH$m| g_{nV H$ao Vm nmN>| A` H$m`_| Cn`moJ

H$ao. ZmZ-nmZ-jmbZm{X H$m`Ho$ VmB Xmo _whdmao (Pmar/H$adm) nm ew
_mZo Om` h|. Eg| hr D$ZHo$ d ew _mZo Om` h|&&66&&
H$mnm g _mhV ew ZdH$m g w ^`w H $ ew { M:&&
{d ` d V VrW _ Amam_ M J h ew { M:&&67&&
H$mnmg_=gyVrd
AmhV=Ymo`mo^`mo
ew=ew
ZdH$mgw^`wH$=ZdrZbmba`mo^`mo, ew{M:=ew
{d=~mUmam
`dV=Cn`moJ_| {b`mo OmoVmo

VrW_(ObWmZ_)=ObWmZ/Hw$Am
M=A,Amam_=~JrOr
Jh=Ka, ew{M:=ew
(H$`Vo)=H$ho OmV h|
^mdmW : gyVr d Ymo`mo ^`mo, ZdrZ amo ^`mo ew H$mo OmV ho.
~mUmam Cn`moJ_| {b`mo OmVmo Ob n{d _m`mo OmV ho. Eg| hr Amam_
(~JrMr AWmV Jm_Ho$ ~mha CndZ_| {Z{_V A{V{W{Zdmg) VWm Ka ew
H$mo OmV ho&&67&&
(^Jdgodm_| Omo namÙ hm|` {VZH$m| A`Xodml` Vmo {Z{f hmo`don| h
A`XodZH$mo An_mZ H$~h Z H$aZmo. Vmgm| H$hm-Ho$go H$aZmo VmH$mo H$ma)
Zm`Xo d d O o X Z d gVm `n_mZò V &&
VrW} f w VrW X o d mZm ^y X o d mZm g_M Z _ &&68&&
A`Xod=A`XodHo$ nmg
Z=Zmht, {h=hr, dOoV=Om`

gmYZXr{nH$m
574
gVm=g_wI hmo` Om` Vmo

Zd=H$~h Zmht
An_mZòV=An_mZ H$ao
VrW}fw=VrWZ_|
`mgml_mV nVZ _` Am$T>n{VVmo@J{V&&70&&

VrWXodmZm=VrWXodZH$mo
^yXodmZm=~mUZH$mo
g_MZ_=nyOZ, (Hw$`mV)=H$ao
^mdmW : dUdZH$m| A` XodHo$ nmg H$~h Z OmZmo. d{MV gde A`

XodHo$ g_wI hmo` Om`| V~ {dZH$mo An_mZ H$~h Z H$ao. VrWZ_| VrWXodVmZH$mo
VWm nwamo{hV ~mUZH$mo gH$ma H$ao&&68&&
(H${b`wJ_| g`mg, ApZhmo Am{X Vmo e` Z hmo`doV| _mVmpZH$m|
YmaU H$aZmo)
g ` mgMmpZhmo M H$bm Z d `Wm{d{Y&&
gpXYY_ g o d m{n
bo e m` d mn_o Y gm_ &&69&&
H$bm=H${bH$mb_|
g`mg=g`mg, M=A
ApZhmo =ApZhmo
M=h
`Wm{d{Y={d{YH$AZwgma
Z Ed=e` hr Zmqh(^dV=h|)
An_oYgm_=An~w{dmao
gpXYY_godm{n=gXohdmamo Y_mMaU
boem` Ed=boeOZH$ hr
(^d{V)=hmoV ho
^mdmW : H${bH$mb_| g`mg A ApZhmo emH$s Amkm AZwgma e`

Zmqh. An~w{dmao _Zw` H$V`Ho$ {dfo gXohdmamo hmoBHo$ H$Nw> Y_H$m` H$ao
Vmo dogmo Y_mMaU `Wm{d{Y Zmht hmo`doV| boeH$mo hr H$maU ~ZV ho&&69&&
g_W: Vw=gm_`dmamo Vmo

{dmZ=~w{_mZ,V`mo=Xmo`_|Vo
_mVmpZYmaU_=_mVmpZH$mo YmaU
Hw$`mV=H$ao.
`mgml_mV=g`mgml_V|
nVZ={JadoV|, _`=_Zw`
Am$T>n{VV=Am$T>n{VV ~{Z
AJ{V=g{VVoa{hV(^d{V=hmoVho)
^mdmW : VmV| Egr {df_ pW{V_| g_W {dmZ hmo` gmo g`mg A ApZhmo
Ho$ WmZn| _mV ApZH$m| YmaU H$ao. `m|Ho$ A{YH$ma {dZmh Omo g`mg
Aml__| OmV ho gmo H$moC \$bH$m| mV Z H$[aHo$ A$T>n{VV hmoV ho&&70&&
`ò d {h Jmh ` dU Y _} U Xw H$a_ &&
VWm`m`mVn{VV VX {~^ ` mX Xo h `m`m&&71&&
Ed{h=`m{h H$magm|
(ApV)=ho, VWm{n=Vmoh
`{n=`{n
Am`mVn{VV=Am` n`m} ho VmV|
dUY_}U=dUY_gm|
VX=dmH$mo
Jmh` (A{n)=JhWY_ h
Xoh`m`m=Xoh`mmHo$ gmW
XwH$a_=H${R>Z
{~^`mV={ZdhZ H$aZmo
^mdmW : `m H$ma JhWml__| a{hHo$ Omo _mVmpZH$m| YmaU H$ao ho dmV| h

dUY_Ho$ AZwgma JhWml_ `{n H${R>Z ho Vmoh `m|Ho$ AZm`mg JhWml__|
Am` n`m} ho VmV| Oog| h ~{Z Amdo Vog| Xoh`mmHo$ gmW VmH$m| {Zdmh Vmo
H$ao&&71&&
g_WVw V`mo Hw$`mX {dmZ _mVmpZYmaU_&&

Z Jmh ` {dZm Xo h -`mm-Y_m} @ {n {g`{V&&
AVVp_Z pWV`d `pH$pMV {g{-g^d&&72&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
575
gmYZXr{nH$m
576
(`V=`m|Ho$)
Jmh=JhWY_,
{dZm={dZm
Xoh-`mm-Y_:=Xoh`mmHo$ Y_
A{n=h, Z=Zmht
{g`{V={g hmoV h|
AV=VmV|
Vp_Z=dm_|
pWV` Ed=aho ^òH$m| hr
`pH$pMV=H$Nw>H$
{g{-g^d={g{H$s
g^mdZm, (^d{V=ahVho)
^mdmW : JhWml_Ho$ {dZm {nVH$_, nwmon{m Am{XHo$ A^md_| Xoh`mmHo$

A` Y_h {g hmoB gH$V Zmht. A` Aml_Y_ Vmo H$mb~bgm| XwH$a hmo`
Jò h| V~ JhWY__| aho ^òH$m| hr H$Nw>H$ {g{ mV hmo`doH$s g^mdZm eof
aho ho&&72&&
Aml_mo {{dY H$m _ } Vmo X mgrZH$mo J h r&&
Amo @ {n Z p R> H $Mm ò d Udmo @ {YH $ VVV&&73&&
H$m_} (nwamUo)=Hy$_ nwamU_|
Aml_:=JhWml_
{{dY=Xmo H$maH$mo
moV=H$mo ho
V=Vm_|, EH$:=EH$
CXmgrZH$="CXmgrZ'
Ana:=Xygamo
Jhr="Jhr' H$hdmdV ho
Amo=W_ ~M`ml__|
A{n=h,ZpR>H$={Z>mdmamo,M=A
Aò=ApV_ g`mgml__|
dUd=dUd
A{YH$V=A{YH$mar
(B`{n=Egmoh=H$mo,ApV=ho)
^mdmW : Hy$_nwamU_| g~ Aml_ZH$mo lw{V{g {d` ~Vm`mo ho. Vm_| W_

~M`ml__|:
1._aUn`V ~{Z> Ho$ W_ml__| a{hdodmaoHy$ "Z{>H$-~Mmar'
gmYZXr{nH$m
577
OmZZmo. A
2.{d{YdX doXm``Z H$[aHo$ JhWml__| Om`doH$s BN>mdmaoH$y "CnHw$dmU~Mmar' OmZZmo.
JhW h 1."CXmgrZ' A 2."gmYH$' Eg| Xmo` H$maH$mo H$mo ho. Vm_|
Hw$Qw>~Ho$ âU-nmofUm{X_| \$`mo ^`mo JhW "gmYH$' H$mo OmV ho. A
Xod-F${f-{nVaHo$ F$UZHy$ MwH$m`Ho$ Ka-YZ-n[admaH$m| N>m{S>Ho$ Omo BH$bmo
hr _mojoN>mgm| {dMaU H$aVmo aho dmH$m| "CXmgrZ' H$mo OmV ho. Eg| hr
dmZW h "Vmng' A "gm`m{gH$' Eg| Xmo` H$maHo$ hmoV h|. g`mgr h
"nma_o{>H$' A "{^jw' Eg| Xmo` H$maHo$ hmoV h| :
gd} f m_ml_mUmVw
{ d`
lw { VX{e V &
~ Mm`w n Hw $ dm U mo
Z { >H$mo
~ Vna:&&
`mo @ Yr` {d{YdX do X mZ J h Wml__md O o X &
"CnHw $ dm U H$mo ' ko ` mo "Z { >H$mo ' _aUmpVH$:&&
"CXmgrZ:' "gmYH$'M J h Wmo {{dYmo ^do V &
Hw $ Qw > ~âUm`m:
gmYH$mo @ gm
J h r
^do V &&
F$Um{Z r`nmH $ ` `dm ^m`m Y Zm{XH$_ &
EH$mH$s `Vw {dMao X CXmgrZ: g _m { jH$:&&
VnV`{V `mo @ aò Òo X Xo d mZ Ow h mo { V M&
dm`mò M d {ZaVmo dZW: "Vmngmo ' _V:&&
Vngm H${f V mo @ `W `Vw `mZnamo ^do V &
"gm ` m{gH$:' g {dko ` mo dmZWml_o pWV:&&
`mo J m`mgaVmo
{Z`_
Amjw { O V o p `:&
kmZm` dm V o {^jw : mo `Vo "nma_o { >H$:'&&
`dm_a{Vao d
`mZ
{Z`V Vmo
_hm_w { Z:&
g`Xe Z gnZ: g `mo J r "{^jw ' `Vo ' '&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
578
(Hy$_naw m.2&76-84)
({OoVa nw{>_mJu`ZHo$ H$V`H$mo {ZX}e)
ey Vw
qhH$m`} U
{Z{f`meZo Z
M&&
{Zd mmo @ gm Ôo V H $ U _hX { âZw H $pnV&&74&&
ew: Vw=ey Vmo
qhH$m`}U=Om_| Ordqhgm hmo`
Ego H$m`gm|, M=A
{Z{f`={Z{fmZHo$
AeZoZ=^moOZgm|
{Zdm={Zdm hmo`Ho$
_hpX^:=~S>oZgm|
AZwH$pnV=H$nm mV H$[aHo$
Agm=`m, H$U=H$UH$m|
ÔoV=Ôo
^mdmW : {OoVa bmoJ Om_| Ordqhgm hmo` Egr AmOr{dH$m, H$m` Am{XH$mo
VWm {Z{f ^moOZH$mo `mJ H$[aHo$ ~S>oZH$s H$nm mV H$[aHo$ H$UÔZ
H$aZmo&&74&&
g {hV h[a^VmZm ~ m UmZm Mao X Jdm_ &&
nmXgo d m M _hVm `X d `m Vw `Vo h[a&&75&&
g=dmo
h[a^VmZm=^JdX^VZH$mo
~mUmZm=~mUZH$mo
Jdm_=Jm`ZH$mo
{hV={hV hmo` Egmo
MaoV=AmMaU H$ao
_hVm=~S>oZHo$
nmXgodm=MaUZH$s godm
M=h, (VoZ=dmH$m|
H$aUr`m)=H$aZr M{hò
`Xd`m=Omd{mgm|,h[a=h[a
Vw`Vo=gZ hmoV h|
^mdmW : {OoVaH$m| ^JdX^V, ~mU A Jm`Z H$mo {hV hmo` Ego H$m`
H$aZo. ^JdmZZ| JrVm_| {OoVaZH$mo H$m` {OZH$s n[aM`m ~Vm`r ho gmo H$aZr.
Ego dY_mMaU_| namÙ hmo`don| h[a {ZM` hr gZ hmoV h|&&75&&
XmZ d V n V H $ M em M empV_ AWmlò V &&
h[a_o d Ôo V o Um Vo Z {g`{V gda_ &&76&&
XmZ=XmZ,dV=dV
nVH$=lm-VnUm{X
emM=n{dVm,AWM=A
empV_=gVmof$n empVH$mo
AmlòV=Aml` H$ao
oUm=o_gm|, h[a_=h[aH$mo
Ed=hr, ÔoV=Ôo
VoZ=VmV|,gda_=erK
{g`{V={g{ hmoV ho
^mdmW : XmZ, dV, lm-VnUm{X {nVg~Yr H$m` Ad` H$aZo. emmZwgma

ew{-n{dVm A `Wmbm^ gVmof$nm empV amIZr. Eg| H$aV o_^pVgm| lrH$UH$mo hr ÔZ H$aoV| erK {g{ mV hmoV ho&&76&&
Z
do X ldU
H$m`
nYm g y ` m{XZm`V&&
`^mdo Z nZmo @ gm ^do X Xmgmo hao J w a mo &&77&&
(VoZ)=dmH$m|, A`V=A`gm|
nYmg`y m{XZm=nYm-B`m Am{Xgm|
doXldU=doXH$mo ldU
Z=Zmht, H$m`_=H$aZmo
`^mdoZ=XrZVmgm|
nZ=eaUmJV
Agm=ò
haoJwamo=h[a-JwH$mo
Xmg=Xmg, ^doV=~Zo
^mdmW : {OoVaZH$m| A`Zgm| nYm AWdm B`m Ho$ ^mdgm| Om_| {dZH$mo
gmYZXr{nH$m
579
gmYZXr{nH$m
580
A{YH$ma Zmht ho Egmo doXH$mo ldUm{X Zmht H$aZmo. XrZ ^mdgm| eaUmJV hmo`Ho$
h[a-JwH$mo Xmg ~{ZHo$ ahZmo&&77&&
(p`ZHo$ ^JdXÔZH$s ar{VH$mo {Z$nU)
gYdm
^V ^ mdo Z
{dYdm
nw ^mdV&&
lrH $ U g l ò V gmdr {OV{Mmo p `m ew { M&&78&&
{OV{Mmop`m={MmBp`Zn| g`_ dmar
ew{M=n{d
gmdr=gVr
gYdm=gm^m`dVr
^V^mdoZ=n{V^mdgm|
{dYdm={dYdm r
nw^mdV=nw^mdgm|
lrH$U=lrH$UH$mo
glòV=Aml` H$ao
^mdmW : {Mm A Bp`Z n| g`_dmar, n{d AmMaUdmar gmYwd^mdH$s

gm^m`dVr r n{V^mdgm| A {dYdm r nw^mdgm| lrH$UH$mo Aml`
H$ao&&78&&
n{V-nw m{X-~Yy Z m_ AmZw H y $ ò @ ` go d Z_ &&
VX^mdo Ôo X ^`m H$sV Z ldU _ V &&79&&
n{Vnwm{X-~YyZm_=n{V,
nwm{X VWm ~YwOZ
AmZwHw$ò=AZwHy$b hm|` Vmo
A`=`m(lrH$U`=lrH$UH$s)
godZ_=godm
(H$m`_=H$aZr)
VX^mdo=dmHo$ A^md_|
H$sVZ=H$sVZgm|
ldU=ldUgm|
_V=_aUgm|
^`m=^pVnydH$
ÔoX=ÔZ H$ao
gmYZXr{nH$m
581
^mdmW : n[admaHo$ n{V-nwm{X n[aOZ VWm ~YwOZ `{X AnZo AZwHy$b hm|`
Vmo lrH$UH$s dJh_| godm H$aZr. do bmoJ `{X AZwHy$b Z hm|` Vmo ^pV^mdgm|
^wHo$ ldU H$sVZ A _aU H$aZo&&79&&
Vo f m_o d
VWmdo V w
n[aM`m
g_pXamV &&
hao J w a mo g^d{V `dVm p`mo `V&&80&&
Vofm_={dZHo$, Ed=hr
VWmdo=dogo({VHy$b)hmo`don|
Vw=Vmo,
g_pXamX hao=H$moC^Jdd$nHo$
Xodmb`W hmo`doHo$ H$maU
(AWdm)Jwamo=JwHo$ H$maU
n[aM`m=n[aM`m
(nyOm/godm_|~{ZAmdogmonaMmaJr)
g^d{V=g^dho,`V=`m|Ho$
p`:=rOZ,{h=Vmo
AdVm=namYrZ
(^dpV=hmoV h|)
^mdmW : m`: rOZ `m|Ho$ AnZr BN>mZwgma H$m` H$[adoHw$ g_W hmoV Zmqh
AV: `{X n{V nw Am{X A ~YwOZ AZwHy$b hm|` V~ hr {dZHo$ g {_{bHo$
Ka_| lrH$UH$s `Wm`mo` godm-n[aM`m g^d hmoV ho. A`Wm _`mXm_mJu`
{d{Ygm| H$mh Xodmb`_| {~amO_mZ ^Jdd$nH$s AMZm_| AWdm nw{>_mJu`
JwH$s ^Jdgodm_| naMmaJr H$[adoVo rOZZHy$ WmoS>mo-~hmoV ÔZ e`
ho&&80&&
dVVm`m Xmo f mo {h rUm gd Om`Vo &&
AVV`m VWm ^y dm h[a go `V{XN>`m&&81&&
rUm=rOZZH$m|
{h={ZM`,gd=g~{R>H$mZ|
Xmof:=Xmof,Om`Vo=hmoV ho
dVVm`m=dVVmgm|~aVdon|Vmo
V{XN>`m=n[admaOZZH$s BN>mHo$
gmYZXr{nH$m
582
AV=VmV|,V`m={dZH$m|
AZwgma AWdm ^Jd{XN>mZwgma
VWm=dogo(AdVd=AdV hr) h[a=h[aH$s
^ydm=a{hHo$
go`=godm H$aZr M{hò
^mdmW : n{V-nwm{XH$ AZwHy$b Zmht hm|` VWm{n rOZ `{X {dZH$s BN>mgm|
{d AmMaU H$aV h| V~ {dZH$s gd {ZXm hmoV ho, VmV| {Mm_| boe hmoV
ho. AV: {OZHo$ Am{lV hm|` {dZHo$ {VHy$b Z hmoBHo$, ^wH$s dogr hr BN>m
ho Egr ^mdZmgm| Y` YmaU H$[aHo$ ^wH$mo AmVa ÔZ AWdm ^JdgodmnamÙ
^JdXr`H$s n[aMmaJrmam ^JdXÔZ H$aZmo&&81&&
{M_mo @ {n go d m `mV {V~Yo Jw a mo { J a m&&
N>bo Z m{n ÔZ H $ U _w `Vo Jmo { nH$m{XdV &&82&&
{V~Yo={V~Y hmo`don|
Jwamo=JwH$s
{Jam=Amkmgm|
{M_mo A{n={M_m_| h
godm=godm
`mV=hmoB gH$V ho
N>boZ A{n=N>bgm| h
H$U=H$UH$m|, ÔZ=ÔdoV|
Jmo { nH$m{XdV =Jmo n rOZZ H o $ Oo g |
_w`Vo=_wV hmoV ho
^mdmW : {V~Y hmo`don| (AWdm {ebm-YmVwgm| {Z{_V ^Jdd$nH$s

godm H$[a gH$doH$s AZwHy$bVm Z hmo` Vmo) JwH$s Amkm bo`Ho$ lrH$UHo$
{Md$nH$s h godm hmoB gH$V ho. H$UmdVma_| H$_H$mS>r ~mUZH$s npZE
AnZo nVrZH$s Amkm {dZm, {dZHo$ {damoY H$[adon| h ^yZH$m| `kH$s gm_Jr
AamoJmdo J`t {dZH$mo h Cma Oog| ^yZZ| {H$`mo hVmo Vog| dV_mZ_| h ò>
n[aOZZH$s Amkm {dZm h ^Jdgodm H$[adoV| Cma hmoV hr ho&&82&&
nw fmno j `m
rUm
X`
_ X w
`Vo &&
AVVXZw a mJmo @
g
Edm{^f`Vo &&83&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
583
nwfmnoj`m=nwfZH$s Anojm
rUm=rOZZH$o
X`=X`, _Xw=Za_
`Vo=Xo`moOmVho,AV=VmV|
VXZwamJmo={dZH$mo AZwamJ
A=`hm,g=erK
Ed=hr
A{^f`Vo={g hmo` OmV ho
^mdmW : nwfZH$s VwbZm_| rOZZHo$ X` H$mo_b hmoV h|. VmV| ^w_| {dZH$mo
AZwamJ nwfZHo$ H$aVo erK hmo` OmV ho&&83&&
H$m_Xmo f mo {h ZmarUm H$ZH$mZm `Wm aO&&
VOò {d{OV H$U H$U rUm {`mo `V&&84&&
H$ZH$mZm=gwdU_|
VOò=VmH$m| OrVdoV|
`Wm=Oog,| aO=aO
H$U=lrH$U
(Xmof=Xmof, VWm)=Vog|
{d{OV(^d{V)=OrVo OmV h|
ZmarUm=rOZZ_| h
`V=`m|Ho$, H$U=lrH$U
{h={ZM`, H$m_Xmof=H$m_Xmof rUm=rZH$m|
(^d{V)=hmoV ho.
{`={`, (ApV)=h|
^mdmW : gwdUH$mo Xmof Oog| aO hmoV ho Vog| rZ_| Xmof H$m_ hmoV ho. nw{>^pV
Vmo `m|Ho$ {ZJwU hmoV ho VmV| H$m_^mdn| {dO` nmd| Vmo rOZ {ZJwU^mdgm|
erK hr ^yZH$m| dmYrZ H$[a gH$V h|. lrH$UVmo ZqhVmo h rZH$m| r`
hmoVhrh|!&&84&&
CXH$s M gy V m r Aew { MM VWm nw _ mZ &&
Xe Z -ne Z mXr{Z go `_y V } a {ddO ` o V &&85&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
584
CXH$s=_m{gH$Y_dmar
M=A, gyVm=gyVm
r=r, VWm=A
Aew{M=gyVH$s/An{d
nw_mZ=nwf, M=h
go`_yV}=go` _y{VHo$
XeZ-neZmXr{Z=XeZne Am{XH$mo
{ddOòV=`mJ H$ao.
^mdmW : AQ>H$mddmar qH$dm OMm hmo` gmo Egr r VWm gyVH$s A

An{d AdWmdmao r-nwf go` ^wd$nHo$ XeZ-ne Am{X Z H$a|&&85&&
(go` ^Jdd$nHo$ H$ma1 godmH$mo H$ma2 d$n{VR>mH$mo H$ma3 d$nH$s
ew{H$mo H$ma4 d$n H$hmVo mV H$aZmo VmH$mo H$ma5 B`m{X {df`H$
CnXoe)
{M_y{Va{dkmZm namYrZm_Zm_{n&&
ew { MbUm_nr`m M Jw Xmm Ôo X da 1 &&86&&
VrW V mo ` { Z O _
g H $ Vm
gw _ Zmo h am_ &&
bdr_o d Ôo X _y { V `WmbYmo n MmaH $ 2 &&87&&
ew{MbUm_=n{d A gwHw$_ma
M=A, Anr`m=A{V gwXa
JwXmm=Jwgm| mV
(_y{V)=^Jdd$nH$m|
ÔoX=Ôo, da=lo>
_y{V=^Jd_y{VH$mo
`WmbYmonMmaH$=ghOVmgm|
CnbYdVyZgm|,ÔoX=godmH$ao.
A{dkmZm=AnkmZrZH$m|
VrWVmo`=VrWHo$ Obgm|
{ZO: _=AnZo _gm|
gH$Vm=gH$ma H$ar ^B
gw_Zmoham_=gwXa-_Zmoha
bdr_od=N>moQ>r gr
namYrZm_Zm_=(VWm)
namYrZ bmoJZH$m|,A{n=h
{M_y{V={Md$n
(go`m=godm`mo`^d{V=hmoVho)
gmYZXr{nH$m
585
^mdmW : n{d, gwHw$_ma A A{V gwXa Ego Jwgm| mV ^Jdd$nH$s

godm H$aZr. lr`_wZmOr Oogo lo> VrWHo$ Obgm|, gXm`nanamgm| mV
{ZO_gm| gH$ma H$ao ^ò gwXa _Zmoha ~hV ~S>o Zht Ego ^Jdd$nH$s
ghOVmgm| CnbY dVyZgm| godm H$ao. {OZH$m| godm{d{Y Am{XH$mo nyU kmZ Z
hmo` Amoa/AWdm namYrZ hmo`doV| A` ^Jdd$nH$s godm H$[adoH$s AZwH$y bVm
{OZH$m| Z hmo` {VZH$m| {Md$nH$s godm H$aZr hr C{MVho&&86-87&&
Zm
mU{VR>m{X
`mnH$dmXOrdV&&
WmZ-ew W _ o d V V eXmW _ {n gX J w a mo 3 &&88&&
`mnH$dmV=`mnH$ hmo`doV|
AOrdV=Ordm_mH$s `mB
Ho$db mUm`mg`wV hmo`donohr
Xoh_| H$h {d> hmo`doH$s
jwgm_` Z hmo`doV|
A=`hm(_yVm)=_y{V_|
mU{VR>m{X=mU{V>m
Am{X gH$ma{d{Y
(Amd`H$=Amd`H$)
Z=Zmht ho, EVV=ò
(gH$ma)=gH$ma
WmZewW_od=^m{VH$-WmZ
({ebmYmVw Am{X)H$s ew{Ho${b`
gXJwamo=gXJwH$s
eXmW_{n=AmkmHo$
AWh {Z${nV ^òh|
^mdmW : na~ lrH$U Vmo gd`mnH$ hmo`doV| A _Zw`-XodVm AmXrZHo$

Oog| mH$V Zmht hmo`doV| lrH$UHo$ go`d$n_| mU{V>m Am{X emr`
{d{Y H$[adoH$s nw{>^pVgXm`_| Amd`H$Vm Zmht. nydbmoH$_| H$ho gH$ma
Vmo(Om {ebm-YmVw-H$m> Am{Xgm| _y{V ~Zr ho dm)WmZH$s ew{Ho$ AW A
JwH$s Amkm mV H$adoHo$ AW hmoVho&&88&&
Aew { Mne Z o
V`m
VWm
nMm_ V a {n&&
hmo _ X m Z o Z g e mo `m d { XHo $ Z {ZOm_dV 4 &&89&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
586
VWm=A,V`m=dmH$m|,
Aew{MneZo=An{dH$mone
hmo`don|,{ZOm_dV=AnZo Oog|
nMm_V=nMm_Vgm|
hmo_=hmo_gm|,XmZoZ=XmZgm|
VWm=A,d{XHo$Z=d{XH$
(H$_Um=H$_gm|)A{n=h
gemo`m=ew H$aZr
^mdmW : H$~hH$ go` ^Jdd$nH$m| An{dH$mo ne hmo` Om` AWdm H$moB

AdUd dmHo$ XeZ H$[a Om` Vmo Oog| ZmZm{Xgm| AnZ AnZr ew{ H$aV h|
Vog| go`d$nH$s ew{ h nMm_V, hmo_, XmZ VWm d{XH$ H$_ Am{Xgm|
H$aZr&&89&&
Jw Xmm
d` b Ym
^V a {n
gw n y { OVm_ &&
`mr_{n go d o V `{X ^mdmo Z ~m`Vo 5 &&90&&
JwXmm=JwHo$ mam nYamB ^B
d`bYm=d`Hy$ mV ^B
^Va{n=^VZgm|
gwny{OVm=go{dV
`mr_=IpS>V,A{n=h
(_y{V=_y{VH$s)godoV=godm H$ao
`{X=`{X ^md:=^md
Z ~mYVo=~m{YV Z hmoVmo hmo`(V{h=Vmo)
^mdmW : Jwmam nYamB, d`Hy$ H$hVo mV ^B hmo`, AWdm nyd_| A` H$moC

^JdXr`Zo OmH$s godm H$ar hmo` Egr AWdm {X ^md ~m{YV Z hmoVmo hmo` Vmo
IpS>V hmo` JB hmo` Egr h ^Jd_y{VH$s godm H$ao&&90&&
({Z`godmHo$ d$nHo$ CnXoeH$mo CnH$_)
(1. CnH$_)
mVama`
_`mZmd{Y
M d mnamUHo $ &&
VmbrbmZw ^ mdo Z Ôo V d-Jw -g_Vm_ &&91&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
587
mV=gdoaogm|
Ama`=Ama^ H$aHo$
_`mZmd{Y=_`mZ n`V
Md=A,AnamUHo$=gm`H$mb_|
VmbrbmZw^mdoZ=VV-VV
brbmH$s ^mdZmgm|
dJwg_Vm_=AnZo JwH$m| g_V
(_y{V=_y{VH$m|),ÔoV=Ôo
^mdmW mV:H$mbgm| Ama^ H$aHo$ _`mZ n`V Vog|B gm`H$mb_|

VmH$mbmZw$n ^yZH$s brbmH$s ^mdZm H$aVo ^ò AnZo JwH$s g_{V hmo`
Ego ^Jdd$nH$s godm H$ao&&91&&
d M ^y f U a JY Z d o a ÒZ ew ^ &&
Xo e -H$mb-{d^y V rZm_ AZw g mao U go d Z_ &&92&&
Xoe-H$mb-{d^yVrZm_=Xoe,H$mbA- JY=gwJpYV nXmWZgm|
` Ho$ ~mao_| AnZr gm_`Ho$
M=A,Zdo={ZdoXZmh
AZwgmaoU=AZwgma,ew^=ew^
ÒZ=ÒZZgm|
d=dZgm|,^yfU=Am^yfUZgm| godZ_=godm(Hw$`mV=H$ao)
^mdmW Xoe, H$mb A ` g~Yr AnZr gm_`Ho$ AZwgma mV Cm_
d, Am^yfU, Ama-MXZ-Ho$ea-Jwbm~Ob Am{X gwJpYV nXmW VWm
{d{dY H$maHo$ AmamoJm`doH$s gm_JrZ gm| lrH$UH$s godm H$ao&&92&&
o Um n[aMao V gmYw `mdOrd g_m{hV&&
VoZm` ^mdZm-{g{ ``m `mV H$V-H$`Vm&&93&&
gmYw=gnwf,`mdOrd=OrdZ n`V A`=`mH$s
g_m{hV=EH$ {Mm hmo`Ho$
^mdZm-{g{=^pV^mdH$s {g{
gmYZXr{nH$m
588
oUm=o_gm|
n[aMaoV=godmH$ao,VoZ=VmV|
(^d{V=hmoV ho),``m=OmV|
H$VH$`Vm=H$VH$`Vm,`mV=hmoVh
^mdmW gnwfH$m| OrdZn`V EH${Z> hmo`Ho$ o_gm| lrH$UH$s godm H$aZr.

Eg| godm H$aoV| ^pV^md T> hmoV ho. ^pVHo$ T> ^òV| ^V H$VH$` hmo`
OmV ho&&93&&
(2.mV:H$mb_| OmJaUHo$ nMmm ^Jd_aU1 ZmZ2 emM3 AmM_Z4
Am{XHo$ {Z`_)
mV nmMm``m_o @ gm g_w Wm` ew { M{Y ` m&&
_ao X ^JdVmo brbm Jmò V V` Jw U mZ {Jam&&94&&
mV=gdoao
nmMm``m_o=nm{N>bo ha_|
Agm=dmo,g_wWm`=Om{JHo$
ew{M=ew hmo`Ho$
{Y`m=~w{nydH$
^JdV:=^JdmZH$s
brbm=brbmH$mo
_aoV=_aU H$ao
{Jam=dmUrgm|
V`={dZHo$,
JwUmZ=JwUZH$mo
JmòV=JmZ H$ao
^mdmW gy`m}X`Ho$ nyd ha_| Om{JHo$ ew hmoB ~w{nydH$ ^JdmZH$s brbmH$mo

_aU H$ao A dmUrgm| ^JdmZHo$ JwUZH$mo JmZ H$ao&&94&&
mV H $ ` VV H$m` ~{hJ dm `Wmo { XV_ &&
_w I ew { VVmo {Z` gm J YmÒZ ^do V &&95&&
VV=Vm nmN>|
~{h Jdm=Kagm| ~m{ha Om`Ho$
VV=Vm nmN>|
_wIew{=_wIH$s ew{
gmYZXr{nH$m
589
`Wmo{XV_=emmkmZwgma
mVH$`=mV:H$`
H$m`_=H$aZmo
{Z`={V{XZ
gmJYmÒZ=gwJYr Vobgm|
_m{be, ^doV=hmo`.
^mdmW Vm nmN>| Kagm| ~m{ha Om`H|$ _bmogJm{X XohH$` H$aZo. _wIew{

H$aZr. Vm nmN>| gwJY`wV Vobgm| earan| _m{be H$aZr&&95&&
_bZmZ
J h o
H$m`
VVmo X H$namo X H $ &&
V`mo n [a lr`_w Z mOb ZmZ Vd M dm&96&&
VrW WmZo _bZmZ H $ dm Vrao @ {^_OZ_ &&
Jho=Ka_|
_bZmZ=_bZmZ
VVmoXH$namoXH$=g_moò Obgm|
AWdm namoXH$gm|,H$m`_=H$aZmo
V`=VmHo$,Cn[a=D$na
lr`_wZmOb=lr`_wZmObgm|
dm=AWdm
Vd:M=VdZgm|h
ZmZ=ZmZ
(H$m`=H$aZmo)
_bZmZ=_bZmZ
H$dm=H$ao nmN>|,(Ed=hr)
VrWWmZo=VrWWmZ_|
Vrao=VQ>n|
A{^_OZ_=ZmZ
(H$V`_=H$aZmo)
^mdmW Ka_| _bZmZ g_moò Obgm| AWdm namoXH$gm| H$aZmo. _bZmZ H$ao
nmN>| `{X CnbY hmo` Vmo lr`_wZmObgm| A CnbY Z hmo` Vmo gm_m`
Obgm| hr ZmZ_Ho$ CMmanydH$ ZmZ H$aZmo. A VrW_| ZmZ Vmo _bZmZ
H$ao nmN>| hr H$aZmo. gmo H$mhoVo Omo em_| {ZU` {X`mo h:
""{Z` Z{_{mH$ Md {H$`m _bH$fU,
VrWm^mdoVw H$V`_ CUmoXH$namoXH$:''
gmYZXr{nH$m
590
(AmMma_`yI, _bmnH$fZmZ_ `__{VH$m[aH$m),

""ZmZ ZXrXodImVXofw M gagw M,
nM{nS>mZZw` Z Zm`mV nadm[a{U''
( Vd, AW ZmZ, `moJ`mkd`H$m[aH$m)
""nagmmHo$ AZwg>Obo _pnS>nMH$moaUm^mdo Z Zm`mX B{V
ApV_mYmW:'' (Q>rH$m`m_).
1
(3. ZmZ H$ao nmN>| dYmaU H$[adoH$s , KaH$m| bmoQ>doH$s , {VbH$-N>mnm

YmaU H$[adoH$s3, ^JdMaUm_V bo`doH$s4, Vwbgr_mbm YmaU H$[adoH$s5,
mVg`m-OnH$s ar{V6)
VVVw YmaU ewH$meo`m~a`w_`mo1&&97&&
nmXwH$m{^Jho `mZ neZ Zd H$`{MV2&&
VV=Vm nmN>|, Vw=Vmo
ewH$meo`m~a`w_`mo=ewaoe_rXmod `mZ=J_Z(H$V`_=H$aZmo)
YmaU=YmaU
H$`{MV=H$mhH$mo
(H$dm=H$[aHo$)
neZ =ne
nmXwH$m{^=nmXwH$m nh[aHo$
Zd=gdWm Z
Jho=Ka {V
(H$V`_=H$aZmo)
^mdmW Vm nmN>| ew aoe_r d YmaU H$[aHo$, nmdZ_| nmXwH$m nh[aHo$ Ka
AmZmo. ~rM_| H$mhH$mo ne H$aZmo Zmht&&
Hw $ w > _`mo d n w S > m{U mXemo f w Zm_{^&&98&&
e I -MH $ m{X-_w mM
Jmo n r-MXZ-_ Z`m 3 &&
mXemofw=~mah AZn|
eIMH$m{X_wm=eI-MH$m{X
gmYZXr{nH$m
591
Zm_{^=Zm_Zgm|
Hw$w>_`=Hw$w>Ho$, D$dnwS>m{U=
D$dnwS> {VbH$ H$aZo
JmonrMZXZ-_Z`m=
JmonrMXZH$s _mQ>rgm|
_wm, M=h
(A>Zr`m)=A[>V H$aZr
{dewò=Bp`ZH$s
Am`mp_H$ ew{Ho$ AW.
^mdmW ~mahm| AZn| ^JdZm_ZH$mo CMmaU H$aVo ^ò Hw$w>_gm| D$dnwS>

{VbH$ H$aZo. JmonrMXZH$s _mQ>rgm| eI-MH$m{X gmXm{`H$ _wm h A[>V
H$aZr. Ego H$aoV| Bp`ZH$s ^JdgodmHo$ bm`H$ Am`mp_H$ ew{ hmoV ho&&
MaUm_ V nmZ M bo n Mm{n {dew ò 4 &&99&&
VVVw Vw b gr_mbm Y dm 5 g `m g_mMao V 6 &&
MaUm_VnmZ=MaUm_VH$mo nmZ
(H$V`m)=H$aZo
VV=Vm nmN>|, Vw=Vmo
Vwbgr_mbm=VwbgrH$s _mbm
M=A, bon: Mm{n=bonh

Ydm=YmaU H$[aHo$
g`m=g`mH$_
g_mMaoV=H$aZmo.
^mdmW Vm nmN>| ^yZHo$ MaUm_V-ObH$mo nmZ A AZn| bonZ H$aZmo. Vm

nmN>| *VwbgrH$s _mbm-H$R>r YmaU H$[aHo$ g`m-Onm{X H$aZo.
(4.^Jdgodma^{d{Y)
n[aM`m hao H$m`m n[admaOZ gh&&100&&
Jdm h[anX nX `m Vw dm ma U` M&&
{d` _mO Z b } n nmmUm emo Y Z Mao V &&101&&
n[admaOZ=n[admaOZZHo$
Vwdm=VdZ H$[aHo$
gmYZXr{nH$m
592
gh=g, hao=h[aH$s
n[aM`m=godm,H$m`m=H$aZr
h[anX=^wHo$ {~amOdoHo$ WmZ_|
nX`m=nmdZgm| MbHo$
Jdm=Om`Ho$
ma=^Jd_pXaHo$ maH$mo
U`=XS>dV Um_ H$[aHo$

M=A
{d`=^rVa doe H$[aHo$
_mOZ=_mOrHo$,bon=btnrHo$
nmmUm=nmZH$s
emoYZ=ew{,MaoV=H$ao
^mdmW n[admaHo$ bmoJZHo$ g {_{bHo$ ^yZH$s godm-n[aM`m H$ao. nmdZgm|

MbHo$ ^yZHo$ {~amOdoHo$ WmZH$m| Om`. ^Jd_pXaHo$ maZHo$ AmJ| Vw{VUm_ H$[aHo$ _pXaHo$ ^rVa doe H$ao. gwdU-aOVm{XHo$ nmZH$m| _m{OHo$ A
_mQ>rHo$ nmZH$m| btnrHo$ ew H$ao&&101&&
(5. ^Jd~moYZ)
g^ `
gd g ^ma
mVamem{Xny d H $_ &&
~mo ` lrh[a o Um _w I ew e w H $m{X{^&&102&&
Ab H $ `
VV
qghmgZo
g_w n do e ò V &&
mVamem{XnydH$_=_b^moJAm{XgOm`H|$
g^`=gm{OHo$
lrh[a=^yZH$m|,oUm=o_gm|
~mo`=OJm`Ho$,
AmM_Z-_wId H$am`Ho$
gdg^ma=gddVw-gm_Jr
AbH$`=Ab>ma AmN>r^m{Vgm| Yam`Ho$,VV=VmnmN>|
_wIewèwH$m{X{^=
qghmgZo=qghmgZn|
g_wndoeòV=nYamdZo
^mdmW _b^moJ, ObnmZH$s Pmar Am{X gd dVw n{hbogm| hr gm{OHo$

amIZr. Vm nmN>| ^yZH$m| o_gm| OJmdZo. AmM_Z-_wId H$am`Ho$ AV`V
^ò Am^yfUZH$m| AmN>r ^m{Vgm| Yam`Ho$ ^yZH$m| qghmgZn| nYamdZo&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
593
(_b^moJ, AmaVr, ZmZ H$s {d{Y)

h ` drZndmZ Vm~y b gw O b ` O o V &&103&&
VVmo ZramOZ H$m` _b JrVdmH $ &&
h`drZndmZ=VmOmo _mIZ, VV=Vm nmN>|,JrVdmH$=
ndmZgm|, gwOb=gwXaObgm| Jm`Z-dmXZ g{hV,_b=_b
Vm~yb=~rargm|,ÒoV=godm H$ao ZramOZ=AmaVr,H$m`_=H$aZr
^mdmW _b^moJ_| VmOmo _mIZ, R>moa-_R>ar Am{X ndmZ, gw_Ywa VmOm
Ob g_n}. Vm nmN>| ^moJ gam`Ho$ ~ram g_n}. g_`mZw$n dm g{hV _bmHo$
H$sVZ H$ao. nmN>| _b AmaVrH$ao&&
A`mo _X Z ZmZ J h ZmZ{dYmZV&&104&&
Vw dm H${bXOm ZmVo Hw $ `m V gmo N>Zm e w H $_ &&
A`mo_XZ=Vob-C~Q>Z _{bHo$
JhZmZ{dYmZV=Ka_| ZmZH$adog~pYemr` {dYmZgm|
H${bXOm=lr`_wZmOrH$s
Vwdm=Vw{VH$[aHo$
ZmZ=ZmZ H$amdZmo
gmoN>ZmewH$_=Ad
ZmVo=ZmZ hmo` Omdon|
Hw$`mV=H$amdZmo
^mdmW gwJpYV Vob-Amdam-MXZ-Ho$ea Am{X g_{nHo$, Ka_| ZmZ
H$[adoHo$ emr` {dYmZgm|, lr`_wZmOrH$s Vw{V H$a[aHo$ ^yZH$m| ZmZ H$amdZo.
VmnmN>| A{V H$mo_b gy{Vdgm| lrAJnm|N>Zmo&&
(eJma YamZo, ~rS>m YaZmo, Amagr {XImdZr, F$Vw-H$mbmZwgma gOmdQ>
gmYZXr{nH$m
594
YaZr, nmN>o JmdV-~OmdV Xyn-Xrn-AmaVr H$aVr {~[a`m `{X {ZOOZ ^V

hm|` Vmo {VZH$m| XeZ H$amZo hm|` Vmo H$amZo)
e ma apOV a d {M a mâU a {n&&105&&
_m`y a _w H w $ Q>
a`
do U w d o
gw _ m`H $ &&
{dVmZ ga ew ^ {Vgma Z d Z d &&106&&
Ob-H $ sS>mo n H$a M
Vm~y b m_mo X -Xn U &&
ÒZ a Ob^ ma Xo e H$mbmZw g m[a{^&&107&&
Ab H $ ` d go _ dr`mZ ^VmZ Xe ` o V &&
Vm ` { Ho $ Z Vm{n Yy n -Xrnm{XZm{V H $_ &&108&&
(VV=Vm nmN>|)apOV=aJo ^ò
d=dZgm|,{MamâU=
{d{dY AmâUgm|,a`=gwXa
_m`ya_wHw$Q>=_moanIHo$ _wHw$Q>gm|
doUwdo=~gr-N>S>rgm|
gw_m`H$=gwXa _mbmgm|
Zd Zd:=ZdrZ-ZdrZ
ema=eJ ma(H$dm=H$[aHo$)ew^ =Cdb
{dVmZ=MXmodm,ga={~N>mZm
YynXrnm{XZm=Yyn-Xrn Am{Xgm|
{Vgma={nN>dmB,M=A
Ob-H$sS>mno H$a:=ObH$sS>mH$sdVyZg m|
XoeH$mbmZwgm[a{^=Xoe-H$mb
AZwgmar, go_=o_ g{hV
AbH$`d=eJma Yam`Ho$
dr`mZ={ZO,^VmZ=^VZH$m|
XeòV=XeZ H$amdo
V A{n=Vhm h
Vm`{Ho$Z=Z`-JrV-dmgm|
Am{VH$_=AmaVr(Hw$`mV=H$ao)
^mdmW Vm nmN>| F$Vw-H$mbHo$ AZwgma aJo ^ò d, {d{dY AmâU, gwXa

_moanIHo$ _wHw$Q>, ~gr-N>S>r, gwXa _mbm A ZdrZ-ZdrZ Am^yfU gm|
^yZHo$ eJma H$ao. Cdb MXmodm, {~N>mZm, {nN>dmB A ObH$sS>mH$s dVw
Am{XHy$ gOmdo. Vm nmN>| Z`, JrV Ama dm g{hV Yyn-Xrn-AmaVr H$aVr
{~[a`m `{X {ZOOZ ^V hm|` Vmo {VZH$m| XeZ H$amZo hm|` Vmo H$amZ|&&108&&
gmYZXr{nH$m
595
(6. ^moJ g_nU, Ad{eQ> g`mOnm{X)

VVmo
ZmZm{dY
ew MVw { d Y -gw ^ mo O Z &&
g^ V dU n mVw hao a J o {Zdo X ò V &&109&&
VVmo=Vm nmN>|
ZmZm{dY={d{dY H$maHo$
ew=ew,MVw{dY-gw^moOZ=
Mma H$maHo$ dm{X> ^moOZgm|
g^V=nyU
dUnm=gmoZoHo$ nmH$m|
Vw=Vmo, hao=h[aHo$
AJo=AmJ|,{ZdoXòV=nYamdo.
^mdmW Vm nmN>| {d{dY H$maHo$ bo, Mmo`, no` A Im Eg| Mm`m]

H$maHo$ ew dm{X> ^moOZgm| nyU gmoZoHo$ nmH$m| h[aHo$ AmJ| nYamdo&&109&&
Vw b gt e I -Vmo ` o Z Jm``mp_Z {ZYm` M&&
""EVV g_{n V Xo d ^`m _o {VJ Vm_ ' '&&110&&
amO^mo J g_` d , ~{hJm} J m g_ AmMao V &&
VVmo @ d{e> Om`m{X _m`m{H$_ BhmMao V &&111&&
Ap_Z=`m_|(nmo=nm_|)
Hw$`mV=H$ao)Ed=A
eI-VmoòZ=eIHo$ Obgm|
amO^moJ=amO^moJ
Jm``m=Jm`r_gm|
g_`=g_{nHo$
Vwbgt=VwbgrH$m|,{ZYm`=nYam`Ho$ ~{h=~hma
M=A, ho Xod=ho Xod
JmoJmg_=JmoJmg
_o=_oaomam
AmMaoV=Xodo.VV:=VmnmN|>
^`m=^pVgm|
Ad{e> = AnyU aho
g_{nV=g_{nV,EVV=ò
_m`m{H$_=_`mZg`m
{VJVm_=JhU H$amo
Om`m{X=On Am{X
(B{V=Eg|,{ZdoXZ={ZdoXZ
Bh=`hm,AmMaoV=H$ao.
gmYZXr{nH$m
596
^mdmW Vm nmN>| Jm`r _Ho$ CMmaUnydH$ eIHo$ Obgm| ^moJHo$ nmZ_|

Vwbgr nYam`Ho$ {dkpV H$ao : ""ho Xod _oaomam ^pV^mdgm| g_{nV ò ^moJg_JrH$mo drH$ma H$amo''. `m H$magm| amO^moJ g_{nHo$ (lrZXamÒrlrèmoXmOr lrH$UH$m| ^moOZ H$amdoV| n{hbo ^yV`kHo$ emr`{dYmZmZwgma
JmoJmg XoV h| dm ^mdgm|) ~hma JmoJmg XoZm|. Vm nmN>| eof aho On Am{X
H$aZo&&110-111&&
(7. amO^moJ AmaVr A godmZdgaHo$ H$m`)
VVdmM_Z Xdm Vm~y b _mÒm O_ &&
Angm` {demo `m Z d o Ob_mZò V &&112&&
VV=Vm nmN>|, Vw=Vmo
AmM_Z=AmM_Z(H$ma{`dm=H$am`Ho$)
Vm~yb=~rar
_mÒm=~oZrgm| {g H$ar ^B
O=_mbm
Xdm=Xo`Ho$
Zdo_=^moJ
Angm`=gam`Ho$,A=`hm
{demo`=Jrbmo N>Zm {\$am`Ho$
Ob_=Ob, AmZòV=bmdo
^mdmW Vm nmN>| g_` ^ò ^yZH$m| AmM_Z H$am`Ho$ ~ram nwn_mbmnwnJwN> g_nZo. ^moJ Yao hm|` gmo g~ gam`Ho$ dm WmZHy$ ew H$aZmo.
^yZH$m| AamoJm`doHy$ ObH$s Pmar nYamdZr&&112&&
VVmo
amO{d^y V rZm_
AmXe Mm_a ^ O o V &&
JrVmw gdVmo o Z Zram` M U` M&&113&&
{X H $ dm {nYm`m` _pXa ~{hamd O o V &&
J - JYm{X {eamo - Y dm U` d J h d O o V &&114&&
_m`m{H $ g_m` d lr_X ^ mJdV nR>o V &&
gmYZXr{nH$m
597
VVmo=Vm nmN>|
amO{d^yVrZm=amO{d^y{VZH$s
`mB, AmXe=XnUgm|
Mm_a=_moaN>bM_anImZgm|
ÔoV=godm H$ao
JrVmwgdV:=JrV-dm-Z`
Cgd Am{Xgm|, {h=h
Zram`=AmaVr H$[aHo$
M=A, U`=Um_H$[aHo$
M=A, EZ=EogoBZ^yZH$m|
{X=X`_|
H$dm=YmaU H$[aHo$
A`=BZHo$
_pXa=_pXaH$m|
{nYm`=~X H$[aHo$
~{h=~m{ha,AmdOoV=Om`
J-JYm{X=_mbm-MXZm{X
{eamo-Ydm=_mW| MT>m`Ho$
U`d=Um_ H$[aHo$
Jh=KaH$m|, dOoV=Om`
_m`m{H$=_`mH$mbrZH$_H$m|
g_m`d=nyU H$[aHo$
lr_X^mJdV=lr_X^mJdV
nR>oV=~mMo.
^mdmW Vm nmN>| amO{YamO ^yZH$m| XnU {XImdo, Mm_a Tw>amdo, ^yZHo$ AmJ|
Z`-dm g{hV H$sVZ JmZ H$ao. _`mZ AmaVr H$[aHo$ ^yZH$m| Um_ H$ao.
^yZH$m| X`_| YmaU H$[aHo$ ^Jd_pXaHo$ maZH$m| _b H$[aHo$ ~m{ha Om`.
^JdgmX$n _mbm-~ram-MXZm{XH$m| _mW| MT>m`Ho$ maH$m| Um_ H$[aHo$
(AnZo hr Kan[aga_| pWV ^Jd_pXagm| {^Z AnZo) {ZdmgWmZH$m| Om`.
_`mZH$mbrZ H$_H$m| nyU H$[aHo$ lr_X^mJdV ~mMo&&114&&
(8. ^Jd_hmgmX JhU H$[aHo$ nmN>| H$[adoHo$ H$`)
VVmo ^VOZo `mo @ ` gmX epVVmo Ôo V &&115&&
g_mJVo `mo {do `mo XrZo `M `Wm`W_ &&
Xdm dr`-OZ ^ w p V d dXo d mo @ {n V d &&116&&
VV=Vm nmN>|
M=h,`Wm`W_=H$Nw>H$-H$Nw>H$
gmYZXr{nH$m
598
^VOZo`=^VOZZH$m|
A`=`mH$mo,gmX=_hmgmX
epVV=epV AZwgma
ÔoV=Xodo,g_mJVo`=Amò ^ò
{do`=~mUZH$m|
XrZo`=Jar~ZH$m|
Xdm=Xo`Ho$
ddXod = ddXod,A{n=h
V:=Vm_|gm|,d=hr
(H$dm=H$[aHo$)
dr`-OZ:=n[admaOZHo$
gh=gS>J) ^w{$:=^moOZ(H$m`=H$ao)
^mdmW : Vm nmN>| Ka Amò ^VOZZH$m| ^yZH$mo _hmgmX epV AZwgma

Xo`. Eg| hr Amò ^ò ~mUZH$m| A Jar~ZH$m| h `Wm`mo` _hmgmX-XmZX{jUm Xodo. ddXod h _hmgmXgm| hr H$ao. Vm nmN>| n[admaOZHo$ g
^Jd_hmgmXH$mo ^moOZ H$ao&&115-116&&
VVmo dmVm dH$s`mZm ~h - nmn a ZmHw $ bm_ &&
`mmW _ o d go d o V Zm{^do e mo @ gMao V &&117&&
gnZ-d { m ^VmZm emm{U n[a^mdò V &&
gd W m d `^mdo V w `m__m Ôo X h[a_ &&118&&
X[aM Hw $ Qw > ~mV {dmZ ^mJdV nR>o V &&
A{dmZ` go d m`m gmhm` ldU M dm&&119&&
VV=VmnmN>|,~hnmn=~hV nmngm| d`^mdo=d{mHo$ A^md_|
AZmHw$bm_={MmH$m| `mHw$bVw=Vmo,`m__m=EH$`m_
Z H$ao Egr,dH$s`mZm=n[admaOZH$s h[a=^yZH$s,ÔoV=godmH$a
dmVm=~mVMrV,(OrdZ)`mmW_od= X[aM=A`V Jar~,M=A
OrdZ`dhma Mbm`doHo$ AW
Hw$Qw>~mV=nm[adm[aH${V~Ydmamo
godoV=H$ao, A=Vm_|
{dmZ=nT>mo-{b`mohmo`Vmo
A{^doe=A{^{Zdoe/bJmd
^mJdV=^mJdVH$mo
Z=Zmht,gMaoV=H$ao
nR>oV=nmR> H$ao.
gmYZXr{nH$m
599
^VmZm=^VZHo$ ~rM
gnZ-d{m=YZgnZhmo`gmo
emm{U=emZH$mo
n[a^mdòV=AdJmhZ H$ao.
gdWm=n`mV ^br^m{V
A{dmZ=nT>mo-{b`mo Z
hmo` VmoA`={dmZ ^VH$s
godm`m=godm_|,gmhm`=ghm`Vm
M=A,ldU=ldU
dm=h(Hw$`mV=H$ao)
^mdmW Vm nmN>| ~hV nmngm| {MmH$m| `mHw$b Z H$ao Egr OrdZ`dhma

Mbm`do_| Cn`moJr A{Zdm` Egr n[admaOZ g~pY ~mVMrV H$ao. naVw Vm_|
AnZo _ZH$mo A{^{Zdoe/bJmd Z amIo. YZgnZ ^VZH$m| godmHo$ AZdga_|
emZH$mo AdJmhZ H$aZmo. YZgnZ Z hmo` Vmo EH$ `m_ ^yZH$s godm H$[aHo$
eof g_`_| AmOr{dH$mHo$ Cnm` H$aZo. Vm_| h Omo Ag_W Egmo H$moB A`V
Jar~ ^V hmo` A nm[adm[aH$ {V~Ydmamo hmo` VmV| `{X EH$ g_` h
^Jdgodm H$[a Z gHo$ Vmo, nT>mo-{b`mo hmo` Vmo, ^mJdVH$mo nmR> H$ao. `{X
nT>mo-{b`mo Z hmo` Vmo Omo {dmZ ^V ^wgodm H$aVmo hmo` dmH$s n[aM`m
H$ao A dmo O~ ^JdXJwUJmZ, ^mJdVnmR> Am{X H$ao V~ dmH$mo ldU
H$ao&&119&&
(9. gm`H$`Ho$ nmN>| ^yZHo$ CWmnZH$mo H$ma)
gm` g `mW nw S > m{U Y dm Vm~y b Vmo _w I _ &&
g e mo `mM` ew mo @ gm ^mo WmnZ Mao V &&120&&
H$X_y b \$b J ` gw _ m` gw O b a {n&&
gVmo ` _w a OmXrZm grVo Z m{n Vmo f ò V &&121&&
Jmò X ^VH $ V n b ubmah`H $ &&
VVmo ZramOò Z ZmW_ Am`mV d O _S>bo &&122&&
AW=A~
Vm~ybV=~rargm|
_wI=_wIH$m|
gw_m`=_mbm
gwOb: A{n=Ob h gm|
gVmo`=gZ H$[aHo$
gmYZXr{nH$m
600
gemo`=ew H$[aHo$
AmM`=AmM_Z H$[aHo$
nwS>m{U=D$dnwS> {VbH$
Ydm=YmaU H$[aHo$
gm`g`m=gm`H$mbrZ g`m
(H$m`m)=H$aZr
ew=ew ^`mo ^V
Agm=ò, ^mo=^wHo$
CWmnZ=CWmnZ,MaoV=H$ao
H$X_yb=H$X_yb,\$b=\$b
J`=XyY-Xhr Am{X
_waOmXrZm=_X Am{Xgm|
grVoZ A{n=grVgm| h
VmofòV=[aPmdo
=X`Ho$ ^mdgm|
brbmah`H$=brbmah`Ho$
^VH$V=^VZHo$ mam a{MV
n=nZgm|, JmòV=Jmdo
VV=VmnmN>|,dO_S>bo=dO_S>b_|
Am`mV=nYmaVo ^ò
ZmW=^yZH$s
ZramOòV=AmaVr H$ao.
^mdmW Vm nmN>| AmM_Z H$[aHo$, ~rargm| _wIH$m| ew H$[aHo$, D$dnwS>

{VbH$ YmaU H$[aHo$ gm`H$mbrZ g`m H$aZr. Eg| ew ^`mo ^V ^wHo$
CWmnZ g_`H$s godm H$ao. CWmnZ ^moJ_| H$X_yb, \$b, XyY-Xhr Am{X
g_n}. _mbm Yamdo. ZdrZ Obgm| Pmar âo. _X Am{X dm-grVgm| ^yZH$m|
gZ H$ao. X`Ho$ ^mdgm| ^VZHo$ mam a{MV brbah`Ho$ nZgm|
^JdbrbmH$mo JmZ H$ao. Vm nmN>| dO_S>b_| nYmaVo ^ò ^yZH$s AmaVr
H$ao&&122&&
(10. e`Z^moJ, e`ZmaVr Am{X H$`)
gm` H $mbo @ {n
Z d o
`Wm-{d^d-{dVa&&
ZramOZ M e`Z `Wm`mo ` {d^mdò V &&123&&
gm`H$mbo=gOmH$mb_|,A{n=h
ZramOZ=AmaVr
`Wm-{d^d-{dVa=gm_`mZwgma- e`Z=e`Z,M=A
`Wm`mo` {dVmagm|
`Wm`mo`=Oog| ~{Z Amdo Vog|
gmYZXr{nH$m
601
Zdo =^moJ
{d^mdòV=H$ao.
^mdmW gPm g_` h gm_`Ho$ AZwgma {dVmagm| ^moJ YamdZo, AmaVr H$aZr
A ^yZH$m| e`Z H$amdZo&&123&&
(11. gmo`dogm| nydHo$ H$`)
gm` g `m-@@h V rMm{n H $ dm ^w dm {Zdo { XV_ &&
H$Wò X e U w ` mX dm{n brbm ^JdVmo @ dh_ &&124&&
VV e`rV ew mo @ gm ^md`Z ^JdnX_ &&
gwVm{WZr dnZr MoX dOoV Vm OoVw{_p`_&&125&&
Bò d `` {Xdgm `mpV ^V` ^y V bo &&
gEd H $ VH $ `mo @ pV h[aV_Zw p b`{V&&126&&
gm`g`mhVr=gmPH$sg`m
gwVm{WZr=nwH$s H$m_Zmdmar
Ahmo_, Mm{n=h
MoV=`{Xhmo`
H$dm=H$[aHo$
Bp`=Bp`Hy$
{Zdo{XV={Zdo{XV
OoVw=g`__| am{IdoHy$
^wdm=^moOZ H$[aHo$
Vm=dmHo${ZH$Q>,dOoV=Om`
Adh={XZHo$ nm{N>bo g_`_|
Bòd=`m H$magm|
^JdV=^JdmZH$s
^yVbo=^yVbn|, ``=Om
brbm=brbmH$m|
^V`=^VH$mo
H$WòX=H$ho, dm=AWdm
{Xdgm={Xdg
eUw`mX A{n=gwZo h
`mpV=`VrV hmoV ho
VV=VmV|,ew=ew
gEd=dmohr
Agm=ò
H$VH$`=H$VH$`
^JdnX=^JdmZHo$ MaUH$mo
ApV=ho
^md`Z=^mdZ H$aV-H$aV
h[a=h[a,V_=dmH$m|
e`rV=e`ZH$ao,dnZr=nZr AZwpb`{V=mV hmoV h|.
gmYZXr{nH$m
602
&& MVwbmoH$s &&

^mdmW Vm nmN>| gPm g_`Ho$ g`m-hmo_ H$[aHo$ ^yZH$m| {Zdo{XV H$ao
_hmgmXH$mo ^moOZ H$[aHo$ {XZHo$ nm{N>bo g_`_| ^yZH$s brbmZH$mo ldUH$sVZ H$ao. `m H$ma {XZâ ^JdXoH$VmZ amo ew ^V ^JdmZHo$ MaUZH$mo
^mdZ H$aV-H$aV e`Z H$ao. nZr `{X nwH$s H$m_Zmdmar hmo` Vmo AnZr
Bp`| Ag`V Z hmo` Om` Egr ^mdZmgy dmHo$ {ZH$Q> Om`. `m H$magm| ^yVbn|
Om ^VH$mo {Xdg `VrV hmoV ho dmo {ZM` hr H$VH$` ho, h[a dmH$m| mV
hmod| h|&&126&&
(JWH$mo Cnghma)
Bò d
^pVemo f w
`XmMmamo
{Z${nV&&
VXmMma Ôo X Zm`Wm J{V[a`Vo &&127&&
B{V lr_JdXZmdVma-lrdb^Xr{jVVZwO-lrJmonrZmW-Xr{jV-{da{MVm
(26)
(nw{>_mJu` OrdZH$o Eo{hH$ nmabm{H$H$ gd{dY {hVZH$mo H$[adodmao dOm{Yn
hr ÔZr` h|)
gXm
gdm _^mdo Z
ÔZr`mo
d O o da:&&
H$[a`{V gEdm_X Eo { hH $ nmabm { H$H$_ &&1&&
gXm=gXm
gdm_^mdoZ=gdm_^mdHo$ gmW
dOoda:=dOHo$ AYre
ÔZr`mo=ÔZ H$[ado bm`H$ h|.
g=do, Ed=hr
A_X=AnZmo
Eo{hH$=`m bmoH$Ho$ g~Yr
(M)=A
nmabm{H$H$_=nabmoH$g~Yr
({hV)=^bmo, H$[a`{V=H$a|Jo
gmYZXr{nH$m g_mVm
Bòd=`m H$magm|
^pVemofw=^pVem_|
`X AmMmamo=Omo AmMa
A=`hm
{Z${nV={Z${nV ^`mo ho
VX AmMma=dm AmMmaH$mo
ÔoX=AZwgaU H$aoV|
A`Wm=A`Wm
J{V=J{V
Z=Zmht,B`Vo=B> ho.
^mdmW `m H$magm| `m ^pVem_| Omo AmMma {Z${nV ^`mo ho dm

AmMmaH$mo AZwgaU H$aZmo. `mgm| A` H$magm| AmMaU ^VZH$m| B> {g{X
Zmht ho.
B{V lr_X^JdX-dXZmdVma-lrdb^Xr{jV-VZwO-lrJmonrZmWXr{jV-{da{MV
gmYZXr{nH$mH$mo dO^mfm ^mdmZwdmX g_mV ^`mo
gmYZXr{nH$m
603
^mdmW : gdm_^mdgm| gXm dOHo$ AYre lrH$UH$s godm H$aZr M{hò. do

hr dr` ^VZH$mo `m bmoH$Ho$ g~Yr A nabmoH$g~Yr ^bmo H$a|Jo.
(nw{>_mJu`H$m| H$~h A`ml` Z H$aZm| A d_mJuÒZZ_| AZm_^md
h Z amIZmo)
A`ml`mo Z H$V ` gd W m ~mYH$Vw g&&
dH$sò dm_^mdM H$V ` gd W m gXm&&2&&
A`ml`mo=A`XodZH$mo Aml`
gdWm=g^r Vahgm|
Z=Zmqh, H$V`=H$aZmo
~mYH$=nw{>^pV_| ~mYm
g Vw=dmo A`ml` Vmo
H$[adodmamo(^d{V)=hmoV ho.
M=A
gXm=gdXm
dH$sòfw=d_mJu` OZZ_|
Am_^md=Am_r`VmH$mo ^md
gdWm=g^r Vahgm|
H$V`={Z^mdZmo.
gmYZXr{nH$m
604
^mdmW : A`XodZH$mo Aml` H$~h Zmqh H$aZmo. `m|? Omo A`ml` nw{>^pV_|
g^r Vahgm| ~mYm H$[adodmamo hmoV ho. nw{>^pV_mJuZH$m| d_mJu` OZZ_| g^r
Vahgm| gdXm Am_r`VmH$mo ^md {Z^mdZmo&&2&&
gXm gdm _Zm go ` H $ U H$mbm{XXmo f Zw V &&
VX ^ Vo f w M {ZXm} f ^mdo Z Wo ` _mXamV &&3&&
gXm=gdXm
gdm_Zm=g^r H$magm|
H$mbm{XXmofZwV=H$mb-H$_d^mdHo$ XmofZHy$ h[adodmao
H$U=dOm{Yn lrH$U
^mdmW : {ZaVa `Z nydH$ ^JdmZ_| hr AnZmo _Z bJmdZm|. `{X Eg| amo

Om` Vmo ò H${bH$mb H${R>Z hmo`donoh lrH$UHo$ ^VZH$mo ~mYm Zmht H$[a
gHo$Jmo.
B{V lr_X{d>boda{da{MVm MVwbmoH$sH$mo
dO^mfm ^mdmZwdmX g_mV
go`=godZr`, M=A
VX^Vofw={VZHo$ ^VZ_|
{ZXm}f^mdoZ=Xmof^md bmò {~Z
AmXamV=AmXa^md am{IHo$
Wo`_=ahoZmo.
^mdmW : gdXm g^r H$magm| H$mb-H$_-d^mdHo$ XmofZHy$ h[adodmao dOm{Yn

lrH$U godZr` h|. A nw{>^VZH$m| lrH$UHo$ {VZHo$ ^VZ_| Xmof^md bmò
{~Zm AmXa^md am{IHo$ ahoZmo.
^Jdò d gVV WmnZr` _Z d`_ &&
H$mbmo @ ` H${R> Z mo @ {n lr-H $ U^VmZ Z ~mYVo &&4&&
gVV={ZaVa
d`_=AnZo `mggm|
_Z=AnZmo _Z
WmnZr`=bJmdZm|
A`=ò, H$mbmo=H${bH$mb
H${R>Zmo=H${R>Z
^Jd{V=^JdmZ_|
Ed=hr
A{n=^r (hmo`dono)
lrH$U^VmZ=lrH$UHo$ ^VZH$mo
Z=Zmht
~mYVo=~mYm H$aV ho.
gmYZXr{nH$m
605
gmYZXr{nH$m
606
&&nmXmZwH$_{UH$m&&
(nw{>{dYmZ_)
AH$V` ^JdV
(godm\$b_ 3)
ApZd d{UV Vo H${d{â{n gXm (lrdb^m>H$_ 8)
AJV: n`waod
(lrdb^m>H$_ 3)
AJo@{n Vmeaod
(g`mg{ZU`: 5)
AKmKV_gmdV_
(lr\w$aH$Uo_m_VVmo_ 7)
ArH$Vm g_`mX:
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 10)
ArH$`d Jmonre(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 10)
A{M`_{h_m@_o`:
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 22)
AOm{_bmH$UZdX
(ObôX: 18)
AOm{_bm{XXmofmUm_
(lrH$Uml`Vmo_. 7)
AkmVI{bVmZm M
(gmYZXr{nH$m 44)
AkmZ{V{_amY`
(_bmMaU_ 3)
AkmZmXWdm kmZmV
(ZdaZ_ 4)
AkmZmYH$mae_ZnQw>Vm
(lrdb^m>H$_ 8)
AOVa{V XwVam_
(gmYZXr{nH$m 60
AV AmXm ^pV_mJ}
(g`mg{ZU`: 2)
AV EdoVam {^Zm
(nw{>dmh_`mXmôX: 11)
AV: {edM {dUwM
(~mb~moY: 11)
AV: gdm}m_ Vmo_
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 35)
AV: Wo` h[aWmZo
(^pVd{YZr 8)
AV H$bm g g`mg
(g`mg{ZU`: 16)
AV gdm_Zm edV
(MVw:bmoH$s 4)
AV godmna {Mm_
(ZdaZ_ 7)
AV dY_mMaU_
(gmYZXr{nH$m 15)
607
AVXr`V`m Mm{n
AVVXZwamoYoZ
AVVXZwamoYoZ
AVV_mZ Z _moMZ_
AVVp_Z pWV`d
AVVw ~dmXoZ
AVVod{VJmhr
A{VJ^raVmn`
A{V{`m` VX{n
A{VgwXa$nm{U
AVmo _ybm{^foH$mo {h
AVmo@ gmYZo ^Vm
AVmo@`{d{Z`moJo@{n
AVmo@Vw Vd bmbZm
A`Vm{^{ZdoeMoV
A`mJo `moJ_mJm} {h
A`mJhdoeo dm
Am{n doX{ZXm`m_
Amaô Z Zme `mV
AWdm gdXm em_
AWm{n Y__mJ}U
AXyao {dH$f} dm
AXo`XmZXjM
AY_m n[aH$s{VVm
AY_H$aUmV VWm
A{YJVm_ZoH$dZ:
(~mb~moY: 18)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 22)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 56)
(gmYZH$aU_ 223)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 72)
({gmV_wVmdbr 12)
(gmYZH$aU_ 248)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 13)
(~mb~moY: 15)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 28)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 14)
(g`mg{ZU`: 6)
(ZdaZ_ 3)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 7)
(gmYZH$aU_ 217)
(~mb~moY: 9)
(gmYZH$aU_ 247)
(gmYZH$aU_ 216)
(g`mg{ZU`: 18)
(gmYZH$aU_ 253)
(gmYZH$aU_ 215)
(^pVd{YZr 8)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 11)
(nMnm{Z 4)
(gmYZH$aU_ 216)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 3)
608
AYwZmVw H$bm gd}

AZVJwU^y{fVo
AZ`^VX`:
AZ`_Zgmo _`m:
AZmJhM gd
AZm_d M ^mgVo
A{ZdVm bmoH$doXo
AZwHy$b` gH$n
AZwJh: nw{>_mJ}
AZwJho {Z`mo`mo@V
AZoH$ {j{Vn loUr
AZoH$O_g{gm:
AZoH$_mJgpb>
AV:H$aU! _Xdm`_
AV:H$aUJmoMa:
AZ` Mm_ZMm{n
A`Wm Hy$aVm _Vm
A`Wm n{VVmo ^doV
A`Wm ^`Vo dmWmV
A`Wm _mVamo ~mbmZ
A`Wm $n`pV
A`Wm gdXmofmUm_
A`WmVw H${V`Wm
A`Wm^md_mnZ:
A`` ÔZ V
A`m`{n VWm Hw$`mV
(gmYZH$aU_ 212)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 4)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 5)
(nMnm{Z 5)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 5)
(^pVd{YZr 5)
(nMnm{Z 1)
(nMbmoH$s 4)AZwHy$bo H$bmXm
(nMbmoH$s 3)
({gmV_wVmdbr 18)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 55)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 15)
(ObôX: 12)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 17)
(AV:H$aU~moY: 1)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 3)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 34)
({ZamoYbjU_ 14)
(g`mg{ZU`: 22)
(g`mg{ZU`: 21)
(g`mg{ZU`: 19)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 3)
({gmVah`_ 4)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 22)
({gmV_wVmdbr 20)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 14)
(gmYZH$aU_ )
609
A`ml`mo Z H$V`:
A`mgVmVw ò Ho${MV
Aòfm g^domw `mV
Ana V nydp_Z
An[akmZZ>fo w
Ano{jVObmXrZm_
AmH$V{Z{IbY_$n{_{V
AmH$Vm{IbmH$n
A^mdV V Xw:I^mH$
A{^_mZM g`m`:
A{^_mZmZ {Z`moJmM
A_gaa AbwYM
A_`w_ AH$amoV jUmV
AaU_Vw _o VnX_
AMZ `h V`
AWH${Z>mVo Mm@{n
Abw>duV go_
Abm{H$H$_Z{gm
Abm{H$H$` XmZo {h
Abm{H$H$mVw doXmoVm:
Abm{H$Ho$Z kmZoZ
AnlwVm o_`wVm:
Adò` gXm ^m`m
A{ddmgmo Z H$V`
AdmoMm_ _mUVm_
A`Jm_m gXm J{V
({Vr`m MVw:bmoH$s 2)
(nMnm{Z 4)
(gmYZH$aU_ 246)
({gmV_wVmdbr 4)
(lrH$Uml`Vmo_. 5)
({gmV_wVmdbr 15)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 1)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 32)
({gmV_wVmdbr 15)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 3)
(g`mg{ZU`: 4)
({ZamoYbjU_ 16)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 29)
(nMnm{Z 2
(gmYZH$aU_ 230)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 13)
(godm\$b_ 1)
(~mb~moY: 3)
(ObôX: 9)
(ObôX: 7)
(godm\$b_ 6)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 15)
(gmYZH$aU_ 225)
(gmYZH$aU_ 250)
610
A`mdmmo ÔoV H$U_

Aeò dm gweò dm
Aeò h[aaodmpV
Aeò h[aaodmpV
Aey`m {Xdgm `m_m
AeyaoUm@{n H$V`_
Aeof^Vgm`
AgVMmH$_ ghoV
Ag_{nVdVyZm_
Ah {Zmo amoYoZ
Ah>ma Z Hw$duV
Ah>maH$Vo Md
Ah>ma{d_yT>ofw
Ah>mao@Wdm bmoHo$
AhVm__VmZmeo
Am
AmMmamo@{n g`Vo
AmMmàZ gdmZw
Amkm nyd Vw `m OmVm
Amkd H$m`m gVV_
Am_{Z ~$no {h
Am_ZdoH$mnò
Am_X {`Mm@{n
Am_m dma B{V lw`m
Am_mZXg_wW_
Amo@{n Z{>H$Mmò
(^pVd{YZr 2)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 11)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 9)
(AV:H$aU~moY: 10)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 46)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 8)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 33)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 7)
({gmVah`_ 4)
({ZamoYbjU_ 10)
(gmYZH$aU_ 241)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 12)
(lrH$Uml`Vmo_. 4)
(~mb~moY: 7)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 19)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 23)
(AV:H$aU~moY: 5)
(AV:H$aU~moY: 4)
({gmV_wVmdbr 12)
(nMbmoH$s 5)
(g`mg{ZU`: 20)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 5)
({gmV_wVmdbr 16)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 73)
611
AmZX: na_mZX:
AmZXH$d$nmV dX{Y^w `X^yV
AmZww>^{_hN>X
AmnXJ`m{XH$m`}fw
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Amam_ M Jh ew{M:
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B{V lrdb^mo@~drV
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(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 7)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 6)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 2)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 4)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 6)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 6)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 67)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 70)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 5)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 73)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 9)
(^pVd{YZr 4)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 19)
(gmYZH$aU_ 221)
(g`mg{ZU`: 22)
(ObôX: 21)
(gmYZH$aU_ 234)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 60)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 17)
(g`mg{ZU`: 21)
(AV:H$aU~moY: 10)
(lrH$Uml`Vmo_. 11
(gmYZXr{nH$m 13)
612
B{V fQH$_H$X ^doV

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Bòd H${WV gd
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(gmYZXr{nH$m 20)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 33)
(~mb~moY: 20)
(^pVd{YZr 11)
({ZamoYbjU_ 12)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 16)
(gmYZH$aU_ 238)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 28)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 8)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 31)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 59)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 34)
(ObôX: 20)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 15)
({ZamoYbjU_ 16)
(AV:H$aU~moY: 3)
(gmYZH$aU_ 222)
(nMnm{Z 5)
(gmYZH$aU_ 250)
(godm\$b_ 8)
({ZamoYbjU_ 3)
(gmYZH$aU_ 245)
(nMbmoH$s 3)
(gmYZH$aU_ 231)
({ZamoYbjU_ 3)
613
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(ObôX: 20)
(godm\$b_ 2)
({gmV_wVmdbr 13)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 24)
({gmV_wVmdbr 19)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 5)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 38)
(~mb~moY: 8)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 2)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 5)
({gmV_wVmdbr 3)
(gmYZH$aU_ 232)
(gmYZH$aU_ 237)
(gmYZH$aU_ 249)
({gmVah`_ 1)
(gmYZH$aU_ 245)
(gmYZH$aU_ 246)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 9)
(godm\$b_ 7)
(gmYZH$aU_ 239)
(gmYZH$aU_ 234)
({gmV_wVmdbr 21)
(gmYZH$aU_ 256)
(gmYZH$aU_ 219)
614
EVmem dVmMoV
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(ObôX: 14)
(gmYZH$aU_ 217)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 13)
({ZamoYbjU_ 16)
({gmV_wVmdbr 19)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 43)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 61)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 64)
(_bmMaU_ 7)
(MVw:bmoH$s 2)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 30)
({gmV_wVmdbr 21)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 17)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 10)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 13)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 6)
(AV:H$aU~moY: 2)
(nMnm{Z 4)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 5)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 8)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 21)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 63)
615
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H$[a>{V gEdm_V
H$[a`Vr{V {ddmgmo
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(^pVd{YZr 10)
(nMbmoH$s 5)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 3)
(_bmMaU_ 8)
(_bmMaU_ 11)
({ZamoYbjU_ 19)
(gmYZH$aU_ 245)
(g`mg{ZU`: 2)
(g`mg{ZU`: 3)
(g`mg{ZU`: 19)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 15)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 8)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 18)
(g`mg{ZU`: 2)
(ObôX: 7)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 2)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 2)
(lrH$Uml`Vmo_. 1)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 69)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 17)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 9)
(gmYZH$aU_ 225)
616
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Hw$`m nmam{UH$m moVm
Hw$g{>a dm H$m{MV
(AV:H$aU~moY: 3)
(ObôX: 9)
({gmV_wVmdbr 11)
(~mb~moY: 4)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 8)
(gmYZH$aU_ 231)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 67)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 14)
(~mb~moY: 12)
(_bmMaU_ 7)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 10)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 16)
(AV:H$aU~moY: 9)
(gmYZH$aU_ 216
(g`mg{ZU`: 20)
({ZamoYbjU_ 5)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 27)
({ZamoYbjU_ 4)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 16)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 4)
(ObôX: 3)
(godm\$b_ 8)
617
Hy$nôXmVw `mdV:
H$V_ Am_{ZdoXZ_
H$Vm{Ibeara^V
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(ObôX: 3)
(ZdaZ_ 4)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 29)
(~mb~moY: 7)
(^pVd{YZr 5)
(gmYZH$aU_ 234)
(AV:H$aU~moY: 8)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 31)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 22)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 17)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 4)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 14)
({ZamoYbjU_ 8)
(gmYZH$aU_ 226)
({ZamoYbjU_ 7)
(gmYZH$aU_ 234)
(lrH$Uml`Vmo_. 10)
(nMbmoH$s 1)
(gmYZH$aU_ 251)
(lrH$Uml`Vmo_. 1-9)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 20)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 17)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 7)
(gmYZH$aU_ 218)
618
H$U_od {d{MVòV
H$Ubrbmagm{d>
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H$Ud_g_wX^d
H$Ugodm gXm H$m`m
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({gmV_wVmdbr 16)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 4)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 11)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 9)
({gmV_wVmdbr 1)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 10)
(gmYZH$aU_ 227)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 6)
({ZamoYbjU_ 12)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 26)
(AV:H$aU~moY: 1)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 6)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 17)
(gmYZH$aU_ 252)
(nMbmo. 1)
(gmYZH$aU_ 251)
(lrH$Uml`Vmo_. 11)
({gmV_wVmdbr 12)
(gmYZH$aU_ 241)
({gmV_wVmdbr 11)
(_bmMaU_ 9)
(gmYZH$aU_ 252)
(~mb~moY: 18)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 3)
(gmYZH$aU_ 219)
(g`mg{ZU`: 8)
619
H$mVgdm}@{n edV
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(gmYZH$aU_ 213)
(gmYZH$aU_ 223)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 52)
({ZamoYbjU_ 7)
({gmV_wVmdbr 16)
({gmV_wVmdbr 17)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 69)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 4)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 39)
(ObôX: 16)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 7)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 20)
(ObôX: 4)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 8)
({gmV_wVmdbr 13)
({gmVah`_ 8)
({gmVah`_ 9)
(lrH$Uml`Vmo_. 3)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 37)
620
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(gmYZH$aU_ 219)
(gmYZH$aU_ 256)
(ObôX: 2)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 18)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 23)
(ObôX: 4)
(ObôX: 2)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 23
(gmYZH$aU_ 221)
(godm\$b_ 7)
({ZamoYbjU_ 6)
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(ObôX: 2)
(ObôX: 8)
(ObôX: 21)
(_bmMaU_ 10)
(ObôX: 16)
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({ZamoYbjU_ 15)
(g`mg{ZU`: 8)
621
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(gmYZXr{nH$m 11)
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(^pVd{YZr 11)
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(gmYZH$aU_ 251)
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(^pVd{YZr 5)
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(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 26)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 13)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 16)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 29)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 10)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 24)
622
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(_bmMaU_ 7)
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(_bmMaU_ 3)
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(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 30)
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(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 33)
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(AV:H$aU~moY: 11)
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(ZdaZ_ 3)
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(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 24)
623
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627
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629
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640
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641
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642
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643
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644
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645
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646
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647
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648
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649
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({ZamoYbjU_ 15)
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(ZdaZ_ 1)
({ZamoYbjU_ 2)
({ZamoYbjU_ 4)
(g`mg{ZU`: 13)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 6)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 54)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 53)
(MVw:bmoH$s 1)
(gmYZH$aU_ 254)
(gmYZH$aU_ 217)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 10)
(gmYZH$aU_ 227)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 10)
(nMbmoH$s 5)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 6)
650
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(lr`_wZm>H$_ 9)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 8)
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({ejmbmoH$s 1)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 32)
(~mb~moY: 19)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 15)
(gmYZH$aU_ 231)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 7)
(g`mg{ZU`: 10)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 16)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 3)
({ejmbmoH$s 3)
(ObôX: 1)
(ObôX: 15)
(g`mg{ZU`: 8)
({ddoH$Y`ml`: 4)
({gmVah`_ 7)
651
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(lr`_wZm>H$_ 3)
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(lrdb^m>H$_ 5)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 2)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 15)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 68)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 1)
({ZamoYbjU_ 12)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 32)
(~mb~moY: 14)
(~mb~moY: 13)
(~mb~moY: 17)
(godm\$b_ 4)
(godm\$b_ 2)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 4)
(lrdb^m>H$_ 3)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 30)
(ZdaZ_ 8)
(nMnm{Z 2)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 5)
(gmYZH$aU_ 240)
({ejmbmoH$s 2)
(nMnm{Z 5)
652
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(lr`_wZm>H$_ 7)
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({gmV_wVmdbr 6)
({gmV_wVmdbr 18)
(ObôX: 12)
({ZamoYbjU_ 5)
({ZamoYbjU_ 4)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 55)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 10)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 55)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 17)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 18)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 18)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 16)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 9)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 8)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 11)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 14)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 11)
653
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(gmYZH$aU_ 241)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 13)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 51)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 51)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 9)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 19)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 31)
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(lrdb^m>H$_ 2)
(gmYZH$aU_ 217)
(gmYZH$aU_ 226)
(gmYZH$aU_ 222)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 2)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 8)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 9)
({gmV_wVmdbr 6)
(lr`_wZm>H$_ 2)
(gmYZH$aU_ 223)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 24)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 19)
(gmYZXr{nH$m 12)
654
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(gmYZH$aU_ 227)
(lrZm_aZm`Vmo_ 15)
(AV:H$aU~moY: 2)
(gmYZH$aU_ 244)
(~mb~moY: 17)
(~mb~moY: 5)
(gmYZH$aU_ 222)
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(gmYZH$aU_ 236)
(lrgdm}m_Vmo_ 30)
(g`mg{ZU`: 15)
655
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(gmYZXr{nH$m 72)
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(gmYZXr{nH$m 59)
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(gmYZXr{nH$m 36)
(gmYZH$aU_ 255)
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(lrdb^m>H$_ 7)
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(gmYZH$aU_ 240)
(godm\$b_ 3)
({gmV_wVmdbr 9)
(gmYZH$aU_ 235)
(gmYZH$aU_ 230)
656
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657
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658
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(gmYZXr{nH$m 43)
659
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660
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661
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662
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(gmYZH$aU_ 254)
(gmYZH$aU_ 235)
663
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664
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669
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671
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674
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680
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H$meH$:

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Copyright:2005,Sri Vallabhacharya Trust, Mandavi-Kutch

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11.AYH$madmX {dn[aMMm, nwUo, 2004

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Digitalization of the manuscripts

42. Doctrines of SriVallabhacarya,

43. SriVallabhacarya & His Teachings,

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