Amá Aä MGH $ Amamis M 2010 GWXM: Hmamîq Emgz

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m
2010
‘gwXm
State Curriculum Framework

2010
Draft
emco¶ {ejU {d^mJ

‘hmamîQ´> emgZ
amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 1

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m - 2010
MM}gmR>rMm ‘gwXm
1. àmñVm{dH$
1.1 nmíd©^y‘r
1.2 gÚpñWVr
1.3 VmVS>rZo à{VgmX XoÊ¶mMo {ZH$S>rMo àíZ
2. Aä¶mgH«$‘ {df¶H$ YmoaU

2.1 {eúmUmMr Ü¶o¶o/CX²{Xï>o/e¡j{UH$ ^y{‘H$m
2.2 {df¶ ¶moOZm (àmW{‘H$,‘mÜ¶{‘H$, Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVa)
2.3 {df¶{Zhm¶ YmoaUmË‘H$ {e’$maer
3. nmR>çnwñVHo$ d BVa e¡úm{UH$ gm{hË¶ {Z{‘©Vr

4. AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶m
5. {ejH$ à{ejU
6. ‘yë¶‘mnZ
7. {dÚmÏ¶mªMm gh^mJ
8. g‘mOmMm gh^mJ
9. {ejUmMo ì¶dñWmnZ

amÁ` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>çmVrb _hËËdmMr VÎdo
1. àËòH$ _yb _hËËdmMo Amho. àËòH$ _wbmbm emioV AmUmdo, a_dmdo Am{U
Ë`mbm CËV_ {ejU {_imdo.
2. {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m ~m¡X²{YH$ {dH$mgmBVH$mM gm‘m{OH$, ^md{ZH$ Am{U {H«$`mË_H$
A§Jm§Mm {dH$mghr _hËËdmMm Amho.
3. ~wX²{Y_ËVoMm A{YH$m{YH$ {dH$mg JwUdÎmmnyU© {ejUmZo KS>dVm òVmo. àËòH$
{dXçmÏ`m©bm Vmo KS>dÊ`mMr g§Yr {_imbr nm{hOo.
4. àËòH$ _wbmbm Ë`mÀ`m AmdS>rMo, Am{U Ë`mMo OrdZ g_¥X²Y H$aob Ago
JwUdÎmmnyU© {ejU AmnwbH$sÀ`m d AmZ§XXm¶r dmVmdaUmV {_imbo nm{hOo.
5. Ho$di Zo_bobm ^mJ nyU© H$aÊ`mnojm àËòH$ {dXçmÏ`m©bm AÜ``Z {df`mÀ`m
à^wËd nmVirn`ªV ZoUo _hËËdmMo Amho.
6. {dXçmWu, {ejH$, nmbH$ `m§Mo EH$_oH$m§er AgUmao ZmVo {dídmg, AmnwbH$s,
AmXa Am{U ghH$m`m©Mo Agbo nm{hOo.
7. {ejUì`dñWoVrb àËòH$ (_mZdr VgoM A_yV©) KQ>H$ {dídmgmh© d XO}Xma
Agbm nm{hOo.

1 àmñVm{dH$
1.1 nmíd©^y‘r
AmYw{ZH$ g_mOmÀ`m Am{U amîQ´>mÀ`m OS>UKS>UrVrb embo` {ejUmMo _hËËdmMo ñWmZ gd©M
g_mOgwYmaH$m§Zr Am{U amîQ´>nwéfm§Zr AYmoao{IV Ho$bobo Amho. {deofV… _hmamîQ´>mVyZ _hmË_m Omo{V~m \w$bo,
amOfu N>ÌnVr emhÿ_hmamO, bmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$, Jmonmi JUoe AmJaH$a, ^maVaËZ _hfu Ym|S>mo Ho$ed H$d},
^maVaËZ S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a AmXtZr `m g§X^m©V {Xbobo `moJXmZ amîQ´>r` nmVirdahr {ejU àgmambm
àoaH$ Pmbo Amho. Zm‘Xma Jmonmi H¥$îU JmoIbo ¶m§Zr 1911 gmbr H|$Ðr¶ H$m¶Xo‘§S>imV gº$sÀ¶m àmW{‘H$
{ejUmMo {dYo¶H$ AmUyZ Yabobm AmJ«h AmO Iè¶m AWm©Zo nyU©Ëdmg Jobm Amho. ~mbH$m§À¶m ‘mo’$V d
gº$sÀ¶m àmW{‘H$ {ejUmMm H$m¶Xm Am‘bmV ¶oV AgVmZm n§VàYmZ S>m°. ‘Z‘mohZ qgJ ¶m§Zr ¶m ~m~rMm
Ho$bobm CëboI ‘hmamï´>mÀ¶m Ñï>rZo {ZpíMVM Jm¡admñnX Amho. _hfu {dR²>R>b am_Or qeXo, H$_©dra ^mD$amd
nmQ>rb `m§Zr embo` {ejUmÀ`m joÌmV {Zñgr_ Ë`mJ^mdZoVyZ Xo{Xß`_mZ H$m_ Cô Ho$bobo Amho. g§V
VwH$S>moOr _hmamO, g§V JmS>Jo _hmamO, S>m°. n§Om~amd Xoe_wI, ñdm_r am_mZ§X VrW©, Vmam~mB© _moS>H$, AZwVmB©
dmK `m d `m§gma»`m AZoH$ Wmoa g_mOgwYmaH$m§Zr gd©gm_mÝ` OZVobm {ejU CnbãY H$éZ XoÊ`mgmR>r
An[a{_V n[al_ Ho$bo. AmO ~mbH$m§À`m {ejUmÀ`m hŠH$mMm H$m`Xm (2009) A§_bmV AmUV AgVmZm
_hmamîQ´>mVrb `m ì`mnH$ Am{U XyaXeu na§naoVyZ àoaUm KoÊ`mMr doi nwÝhm EH$Xm Ambr Amho.
^maVmV {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m CËVamYm©nmgyZ emgZà{UV {ejU{df`H$ KS>m_moS>tZrhr doJ KoVbm.
Ë`mn¡H$s _hËËdmÀ`m KS>m_moS>tMm Am{U Ë`m§Zr CnpñWV Ho$boë`m àíZm§Mm nwT>o WmoS>Š`mV AmT>mdm KoVbm
Amho.
amîQ´>r` ñVamdarb _hËËdmÀ`m KS>m_moS>r/KQ>Zm
S>m°. H$moR>mar `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImbrb {ejU Am`moJmZo (1964-66) _hmË_m Jm§YtÀ`m
e¡j{UH$ {dMmam§À`m nmíd©^y_rda Am{U ~XbË`m gm_m{OH$-amOH$s` g§X^m©V amîQ´>r` EH$mË_VoMo ^mZ {Xbo.
g_VoÀ`m nm`mda ZdrZ bmoH$emhr amÁ`mgmR>r hì`m AgUmè`m {ejUì`dñWo~m~V Vn{ebmZo _mJ©Xe©Z
Ho$bo. `m Am`moJmÀ`m {e\$maetMm {dMma H$éZ ^maVmMo n{hbo amîQ´>r` e¡j{UH$ YmoaU (1968) {ZpíMV
H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Ë¶mZwgma XoeâmV embo` {ejUmMr g_mZ ñVaaMZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `màH$mao embo`
{ejUmbm amîQ´>r` ñVamda EH$gyÌr ñdê$n AmUV AgVmZmM {d{dY amÁ`m§À`m ñWm{ZH$ JaOm§Mm,
AmH$m§jm§Mm Am{U àíZm§Mm {dMma H$aUohr _hËËdmMo hmoVo. 1976 _Üò amÁ`KQ>ZoV ~Xb H$aÊ`mV òD$Z
{ejU hm \$ŠV H|$ÐmÀ`m AIË`marVrb {df` Z amhVm, Ë`mMm gm_mB©H$ gyMrV g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambm.
1985 _Üò XoeâmV MMm© KS>dÊ`mV Amë`m Am{U g§nyU© XoemgmR>r amîQ´>r` e¡j{UH$ YmoaU 1986
Omhra H$aÊ`mV Ambo. {ejUmVrb JwUdËVm, bd{MH$Vm Am{U g_n©H$Vm (Am¡{MË`) `m ~m~tZm `m
YmoaUmZo àmYmÝ` {Xbo. `m YmoaUm_Yo g§nyU© XoeâmV {Xë`m OmUmè`m {ejUmV g_mZVm Agmdr Agm CX²>Xoe
{ZpíMVM hmoVm, na§Vw hm {dMma EH$V§Ìr ZìhVm. amîQ´>r` _hËËdmÀ`m "Jm^mKQ>H$m§Mr' {ZpíMVr H$aÊ`m_mJo

Aä`mgH«$_mÀ`m gd© joÌm§V ñWm{ZH$ àíZm§Mr `mo½` àH$mao XIb KoÊ`mgmR>r EH$ g_mZ Am{U gwgyÌ
g§X^©Mm¡H$Q> Agmdr Agm à_wI {dMma hmoVm. ñWm{ZH$ nmVirdaXoIrb _mJ©Xe©H$ R>aVrb Ago amîQ´>r`
_hËËdmMo "Jm^mKQ>H'$ `m YmoaUmZo Zo_Ho$nUmZo _m§S>bo. doJdoJùçm amÁ`m§Vrb Aä`mgH«$_ nwZa©MZoÀ`m
à`ËZm§Zm `m YmoaUmZo EH$ gwñnîQ> Am{U ^maVr` amÁ`KQ>Zoer gwg§JV Aer {Xem Va {XbrM nU Ë`mM~amo~a
H|$ÐmZo embo` {ejUmÀ`m nwZ~mªYUrgmR>r Am{W©H$ nmR>~ihr {Xbo.
1992 _Yo `m YmoaUmÀ`m _gwXçmV gwYmaUm Pmbr Am{U YmoaUmVrb CX²{XîQ>o àË`jmV AmUÊ`mÀ`m
ÑîQ>rZo {ejUmMo gmd©{ÌH$sH$aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am{U JwUdËVm dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r EH$ gwñnîQ> H¥${VH$m`©H«$_hr
(1992) V`ma Pmbm. `mZ§Va "{H$_mZ AÜ``Z j_Vm' {dH$mg H$m`©H«$_mZo Am{U S>m°. ènmb `m§À`m
"AmoÂ`m{dZm {ejU' AhdmbmZo (1993) embo` {ejUmMm Ame` Am{U Cn`wŠVVm `m àíZm§Zm WoQ> hmV
KmVbm.
1986 Mo amï´>r¶ {ejU{df`H$ YmoaU H$m`_ R>odyZ amîQ´>r` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>çmMm 2000 _Yo
\o$aAmT>mdm KoÊ`mV Ambm Am{U 2005 _Yo gwYm[aV amîQ´>r` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m Omhra H$aÊ`mV Ambm.
2005 À`m `m AmamIS>çm_mJo amîQ´>r` Am{U Am§VaamîQ´>r` XmoÝhr g§X^© AmhoV. OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`m
AmOÀ`m `wJmV "_Zwî`~i' hr XoemMr g§nËVr Amho. _Zwî`~i {dH$gZmVyZ Xoe{dXoemVrb AZoH$ Anyd©
g§Yr Amnë`m XoemVrb VéUm§nwT>o Cä`m AmhoV. _mÌ {ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ `m _Zwî`~imMo kmZmË_H$
Am{U H$m¡eë`mË_H$ "_yë`' dmT>dë`mIoarO `m g§YtMm nwaonya bm^ Ë`m§Zm {_iUma Zmhr. ^maVmVrb Vé$U
{nT>rMo {ejU `m {df`mbm AmO OmJ{VH$ _hËËd Amho. Ë`m_wio {ejU{df`H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmV, AÜ``Z-
AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òZo doJmZo ~Xb KS>dUo Am{U Ë`mMdoir amîQ´>r`, g§{dYmZmË_H$, ñWm{ZH$ Am{U ì`ŠVrJV
_yë`m§Mr OnUyH$ H$aUo Ago XwnXar H$m`© H$aÊ`mMr {ZH$S> {Z_m©U Pmbr Amho. hr {ZH$S> amîQ´>r` Aä`mgH«$_
AmamIS>çmÀ`m {d{dY àH$aUm§VyZ ñnîQ> H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
{ejU{df`H$ J«§Wm§_Ü¶o, MMmª_Üò ñZohnyU©, {dXçm{W©H|${ÐV, H¥${VàYmZ {ejUmMr g§H$ënZm `mnydu
_m§S>br Jobr Agbr Var dmñVdmV _mÌ Vr WmoS>çmM à_mUmV A§_bmV Amë`mMo {XgV Ago. AmVm _mÌ
~mbH$m§À`m {ejU hŠH$ H$m`XçmZo hm AmXe© àË`jmVrb O~m~Xmar `m ñdê$nmV _m§S>bm Amho.
Ë`m_wio ~mbH|${ÐV, OrdZm{^_wI {ejUm{df`r \$ŠV VmpËËdH$ MMm© Z H$aVm, `m g§H$ënZm§Mo
Vnerbdma H¥${VH$m`©H«$_mV ê$nm§Va H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ `mnwT>rb Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>çm§Zm H$amdo bmJUma Amho.
_hmamîQ´> amÁ`mMm Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m hm `mM {XeoZo Q>mH$bobo n{hbo nmD$b Amho.
amîQ´>r` ñVamdarb YmoaUm§Zm _hmamîQ´>mMm à{VgmX
amîQ´>r` ñVamdarb {ejU{df`H$ YmoaUm§Zm Am{U à`ËZm§Zm à{VgmX XoÊ`mV _hmamîQ´> amÁ` Zoh_rM
AJ«oga am{hbo Amho. 1968 À`m amï´>r¶ e¡j{UH$ YmoaUmZ§Va amÁ`mZo à{gÜX Ho$bobr ûdoVn{ÌH$m (1968)
Ë¶mZ§Va Ho$bobo e¡j{UH$ YmoaU{df¶H$ {ZdoXZ (1970) Ë¶m AZwf§JmZo am~dbobm àmW{_H$ {ejU
Aä`mgH«$_ 1968, 1986 À`m YmoaUmZ§Va amÁ`mZo am~dbobm àmW{_H$ {ejU Aä`mgH«$_ 1988, {H$_mZ
AÜ``Z j_Vm§À`m g§H$ënZoda AmYm[aV "j_Vm{YpîR>V àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä`mgH«$_ 1995' hr Ë`mMrM
CXmhaUo hmoV. EH${dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwadmVrbm amîQ´>r` ñVamda Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>çmMm AmT>mdm KoÊ`mMo

d \o$aaMZm H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ Mmby AgVmZmM _hmamîQ´> amÁ`mV àmW{_H$ {ejU Aä`mgH«$_ 2004 {dH${gV
H$aÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`mMr A§_b~OmdUr 2006 Vo 2009 `m H$mbmdYrV H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
AmVm ~mbH$m§À`m {ejUmÀ`m hŠH$mÀ`m H$m`XçmÀ`m à^mdr A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r Am{U amîQ´>r`
Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m 2005 À`m nmíd©^y_rda _hmamîQ´> amÁ`mVhr àW_M B`ËVm n{hbr Vo ~mamdrgmR>r
gbJ Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m (2010) V`ma H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
_hmamîQ´> amÁ`mV {ejUmÀ`m joÌmV ñd`§godr à`ËZm§Mr na§nam \$ma _moR>r Amho, Ë`mMn«_mUo _hmamîQ´>
emgZmZohr àmW{_H$ {ejU, embo` {ejU `m§À`m g§X^m©V doimodoir H$mhr g{_Ë`m Am{U Am`moJ Zo_bo
AmhoV. `m g{_Ë`m§Zr {ejUm{df`r _hËËdmÀ`m {e\$maer Ho$ë`m AmhoV Am{U {ejUmÀ`m
gmd©{ÌH$rH$aUmbm {Xem Am{U JVr XoÊ`mMo H$m_ Ho$bo Amho.
H|$ÐemgZmZo 1992 _Üò V`ma Ho$boë`m amîQ´>r` ñVamdarb H¥${VH$m`©H«$_mbm Am{U Anojm§Zm à{VgmX
åhUyZ _hmamîQ´> amÁ`mZohr àmW{_H$ {ejUmMo gmd©{ÌH$rH$aU Am{U gmjaVm `m§gmR>r 1994 _Üò
H¥${VH$m`©H«$_ V`ma Ho$bm. `m H¥${VH$m`©H«$_mZo CX²{XîQnyVugmR>r A§_b~OmdUrMr nX²YV, doimnÌH$ Am{U
O~m~Xmè`m§Mm Vnerb Va {XbmM nU Amdí`H$ Vr Am{W©H$ VaVyXhr Ho$br. _wbtMo Am{U H$_Hw$dV JQ>m§Mo
{ejU, {dH|$ÐrH$aU Am{U g_mOmMm gh^mJ hr `m H¥${VH$m`©H«$_mMr d¡{eîQ>ço hmoVr. Ë`mnwT>rb H$mimV
Pmboë`m ~Xbm§Mr ~arM V`mar `m H¥${VH$m`©H«$_mVyZ Pmbr.
Ë`mM gw_mamg {Oëhm àmW{_H$ {ejU H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m (S>r.nr.B.nr) A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r _hmamîQ´>
àmW{_H$ {ejU n[afXoMr ñWmnZm Pmbr.
Ë`mZ§Va amîQ´>r` ñVamda àmW{_H$ {ejUmgmR>r {Oëhm{Zhm` "gd© {ejm A{^`mZ' H$m`©H«$_ hmVr
KoÊ`mV Amë`mda (2001) _hmamîQ´> amÁ`mVhr {ejUmMo gmd©{ÌH$sH$aU Am{U JwUdËVm {dH$mg `mgmR>r
H$mb~X²Y dm{f©H$ H$m`©H«$_ hmVr KoÊ`mV òD$ bmJbo. Ë`m§Mo {Z`moOZ d {ZYrMm {d{Z`moJ ho H$m_ _hmamîQ´>
àmW{_H$ {ejU n[afXo_m\©$V H$aÊ`mV òVo.
AmVm `mM YVuda amÁ`mV "amîQ´>r` _mÜ`{_H$ {ejU A{^`mZ' H$m`©H«$_hr gwé hmoV Amho.
OmJ{VH$ g§X^©
amÁ` Am{U amîQ´>r` ñVamdarb {ejU{df`H$ KS>m_moS>tZm H$mhr {d{eîQ> OmJ{VH$ g§X^© AmhoV,
Ë`m§Mrhr Zm|X KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. {ejU hm Á`m Ë`m amîQ´>mÀ`m YmoaUmÀ`m AIË`marVrb {df` Agbm,
Varhr OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`m H«$_mV gd©M Xoem§Vrb {dH$mg Am{U {ejU `m§da {dMma_§WZ Am{U Am{W©H$
VaVyX CnbãY H$éZ XoÊ`mMo à`ËZ Am§VaamîQ´>r` ñVamdahr Mmby AmhoV. EH${dgmì`m eVH$mVrb
{ejUm~X²XbMm `wZoñH$moZo Zo_bobm Q>mñH$ \$mog© ho Ë`mMoM CXmhaU hmo`. {d{dY Xoem§Zm Zm{dÝ`nyU© Am{U
Varhr ì`mdhm[aH$ YmoaUo d àWm R>adÊ`mgmR>r `m Q>mñH$\$mog©Mo Ahdmb _XV H$aVrb.
S>H$ma òWo âboë`m Am§VaamîQ´>r` n[afXoZo {ejUmMo gmd©{ÌH$sH$aU ho CX²{XîQ> {ZpíMV
Ho$bo Am{U Vo R>am{dH$ H$mb_`m©Xm nmiyZ àË`jmV AmUÊ`mgmR>r gd© gh^mJr Xoe H${Q>~X²Y Pmbo. Ë`m_Ü¶oo
^maVmMmhr g_mdoe hmoVm. {ejUmÀ`m gmd©{ÌH$sH$aUmV ^maVmZo CëboIZr` H$m_{Jar Ho$br Agbr, Var
AXçmn AJ«ñWmZ àmßV Ho$bobo Zmhr. {ejUmÀ`m gmd©{ÌH$sH$aUm~amo~aM Ë`mVrb JwUdËVm dmT>dUo,
{ejUmVyZ {df_VoMo {Z_y©bZ H$aUo hr CX²{XîQ>ohr gmÜ` H$am`Mr AmhoV. Ë`m g§X^m©V ~aoM H$m_ ~mH$s Amho.
S>H$ma n[afXoZ§Va doJdoJiçm Xoem§Vrb e¡j{UH$ {dH$mgmMm Vn{ebdma AmT>mdm KoD$Z Xadfu
"Global Monitoring Report' à{gÕ H$aÊ`mV òV AmhoV. `m àËòH$ AhdmbmV gm§p»`H$s
_m{hVr~amo~aM {ejUmVrb JwUdËVm, g_mZVm, ghO {ejU {_iÊ`mMr gmo` BË`mXtn¡H$s EHo$H$ gyÌ KoD$Z
Ë`m{df`rMr {ZarjUohr àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV òVmV. OJmVrb BVa Xoem§À`m VwbZoV AmË_narjU H$aÊ`mgmR>r
VgoM Zdo {dMma, Zdo _mJ© _m{hVr H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r `m OmJ{VH$ ñVamdarb _m{hVrÀ`m g§H$bZmMm Cn`moJ
H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
òUmè`m H$mimV ñdV…À`m g_mOmV Am{U OmJ{VH$ AW©ì`dñWoV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r _wbm§Zm V`ma
H$aUo ho JwUdËVmnyU© {ejUmMo CX²{XîQ> Agmdo Am{U Oo {ejU _wbm§À`m AÜ``Z {df`H$ JaOm ^mJdVo
Am{U Ë`m§Mo OrdZ g_¥Õ ~ZdVo, VoM JwUdËVmnyU© {ejU åhUVm òB©b Aer e¡j{UH$ JwUdËVoMr ì`m»`m
`m OmJ{VH$ AhdmbmV _m§S>br Amho. `m ì`m»òZwgma _hmamîQ´>mVrb embo` {ejUmMr gÚpñWVr Am{U
^{dVì` H$m` Amho, H$go Agmdo `mMm {dMma Ho$bm nm{hOo.
***

1.2 gÚpñWVr
embo` {ejUmÀ`m doJdoJiçm ñVam§gmR>r ñdV§ÌnUo H$m_ H$aUmè`m nwT>rb gw{d{hV `§ÌUm _hmamîQ´>
amÁ`mV AmhoV. àmW{_H$ ñVamdarb Aä`mgH«$_ {Z{_©Vr d Aä`mgH«$_ à{ejU hr O~m~Xmar _hmamîQ´>
amÁ` e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afXoH$S>o Amho, Va nmR>çnwñVHo$ d BVa e¡j{UH$ gm{hË`mMr
{Z{_©Vr, N>nmB©, {dVaU ho H$m_ _hmamîQ´> amÁ` nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{_©Vr d Aä`mgH«$_ g§emoYZ _§S>imH$S>o
Amho. _mÜ`{_H$ d Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$ ñVamdarb Aä`mgH«$_ {dH$gZ, nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{_©Vr, {ejH$
à{ejU d gmd©O{ZH$ embm§V narjm§Mo Am`moOZ hr O~m~Xmar _hmamîQ´> amÁ` _mÜ`{_H$ d Cƒ
_mÜ`{_H$ {ejU _§S>imMr Amho. _mÌ, {ejU _§S>imÀ`m nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mr N>nmB© d {dVaU ho H$m_
nmR>çnwñVH$ _§S>imV\}$ Ho$bo OmVo.
`m g§ñWm§Mo H$m_ O~m~XmarZo d ~ìh§er gwairVnUo Mmby Agë`mMo {XgVo, _mÌ àmW{_H$ d
_mÜ`{_H$ {ejUmÀ`m gmd©{ÌH$sH$aUmÀ`m g§X^m©V emim, {ejH$ Am{U {dXçmWu `m§Mr doJmZo dmT>Umar
g§»`m, Ë`m§À`m_Yrb namH$moQ>rMo d¡{dÜ`, Aä`mg{df`m§Vrb d {df``moOZoVrb dmT>Vr ì`mßVr d dmT>Vr
bd{MH$Vm `m gd© ~m~r bjmV KoVm, `m g§ñWm A{YH$ gj_ ~Z{dUo d Ë`m§Mo AmYw{ZH$sH$aU H$aUo
Amdí`H$ Pmbo Amho. {deofV… àmW{_H$ {ejUmgmR>r H$m`XçmMr Mm¡H$Q> ApñVËdmV Amë`m_wio g_mO,
{dXçmWu d {ejH$ `m§À`m Anojm§er g§~§{YV gd© àíZ {ZH$S>rMo Pmbo AmhoV. `m g§ñWm§Zm {d{eîQ>
H$mb_`m©XoV {d{eîQ> CX²{XîQ>o gmÜ` H$amdr bmJVrb ho bjmV KoVm Ë`m§À`m e¡j{UH$ H$m`©H«$_mVrb
ñdm`ËVVm dmT>dmdr bmJob.
gÚ n[apñWVrV àmW{_H$ d _mÜ`{_H$ `m XmoZ ñVam§darb e¡j{UH$ H$m`©H«$_ ñdV§ÌnUo {dH${gV
Ho$bo OmVmV Am{U am~dbo OmVmV. àmW{_H$ d _mÜ`{_H$ ñVam§da ñdV§ÌnUo Aä`mgH«$_ {dH$gZ
Ho$ë`m_wio Am{U A§_b~OmdUr doimnÌH$hr ñdV§ÌnUo am~dë`m_wio {df`m§Mr _m§S>Ur, Ame`, AÜ`mnZ
nÕVr `mV nwaoer gwgyÌVm d gbJVm amhmV Zmhr. Vr AmUÊ`mgmR>r e¡j{UH$ H$m`©H«$_m§Mr gbJ AmIUr
H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
àmW{_H$ Vo Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$ ñVamdarb Aä`mgmÀ`m {df`m§Mr "{df``moOZm' nm{hbr AgVm, Ago
{XgyZ òVo H$s, àmW{_H$ ñVamda ~hþVoH$ gd© {df` A{Zdm`© ñdê$nmMo AgyZ \$ŠV Cƒ àmW{_H$
ñVamda ^mfm {ejU, H$m`m©Zw^d `m XmoZ {df`m§V {dXçmÏ`mªZm {ZdS>rbm WmoS>m\$ma dmd Amho. _mÜ`{_H$
ñVamda {ZdS>rbm WmoS>m A{YH$ dmd Agë`mZo d¡H$pënH$ {df`m§Mr g§»`m WmoS>r dmT>Vo Am{U Cƒ
_mÜ`{_H$ ñVamda emIm{Zhm` {df``moOZm Agbr Varhr àËòH$ emIoV Aä`mg{df`m§Mo ânya {dH$ën
CnbãY Agë`mZo {df``moOZoV {ZdS>rbm Iyn dmd Amho. òUmè`m H$mimV `m ñVamda AmUIr H$mhr
d¡H$pënH$ {df`m§Mm g_mdoe H$amdm bmJob.

{d{dY amÁ`m§Vrb {df``moOZm d Aä`mgH«$_mMm Ame` `mVrb Ag_mZVm {deofV… Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$
ñVamda Xya H$amdr Am{U amîQ´>r` nmVirda EH$M qH$dm EH$gmaIo Aä`mgH«$_ Agmdo Ago {dMma
{deofV… {dkmZ Am{U J{UV `m {df`m§À`m g§X^m©V nwT>o òV AmhoV. _hmamîQ´>mVhr _mÜ`{_H$ d Cƒ
_mÜ`{_H$ ñVam§darb J{UV d {dkmZmÀ`m Aä`mgH«$_m§Mo H|$ÐñVamdarb Aä`mgH«$_m§er g_mZrH$aU
H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho. _mÌ BVa {df`m§À`m ~m~VrV, {deofV… àmW{_H$ ñVamda _hmamîQ´>mZo ñWm{ZH$
JaOm§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z doJir YmoaUo ñdrH$mabr AmhoV. (CXm. n[aga Aä`mg, A{Zdm`© B§J«Or, gm_mÝ`
J{UV B.)
_hmamîQ´> amÁ`mVrb Aä`mgH«$_ d nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mr H$mhr R>iH$ d¡{eîQ>ço :

(1) AmR> ^mfm _mÜ`_m§VyZ {ejU
_hmamîQ´>mVrb àmW{_H$ d _mÜ`{_H$ ñVamda _amR>r _mÜ`_mÀ`m emim gdm©{YH$ g§»òZo Agë`m
Varhr _amR>rIoarO CXy©, B§J«Or, qhXr, JwOamVr, VobwJw, H$ÝZS>, qgYr `m BVa gmV ^mfm _mÜ`_m§V
nmRçnwñVHo$ CnbãY H$éZ {Xbr OmVmV. `m gmV ^mfm _mÜ`_m§À`m doJdoJiçm JaOm bjmV KoD$Z
{Zìdi ^mfm {df`m§gmR>r 35 hÿZ A{YH$ nmR>çH«$_ CnbãY AmhoV. _mÜ`{_H$ embmÝV narjoV `m gd©
{df`m§Mr narjm XoÊ`mMr gmo` CnbãY Amho.
`m AmR> ^mfm _mÜ`_m§gmR>r gd© ^mfm {df`m§Mr nmR>çnwñVHo$ ñdV§ÌnUo {dH${gV Ho$br OmVmV.
J{UV, {dkmZ BË`mXr ^mfoVa {df`m§gmR>r àW_ amÁ`^mfm _amR>rV nwñVHo$ {dH${gV Ho$br OmVmV Am{U
Z§Va Ë`m§Mo BVa gmV ^mfm _mÜ`_m§V ^mfm§Va Ho$bo OmVo. gd© ^mfm _mÜ`_m§Vrb nwñVH$m§V n¥îR>g§»`m,
a§Jg§JVr, Ame` Am{U qH$_V `mV g_mZVm R>odÊ`mV òVo. `m AmR>IoarO BVahr _mÜ`_m§À`m H$mhr
VwaiH$ emim§Zm JaOoZwgma nadmZJr XoÊ`mV Ambr Amho (CXm. Vm{_i, ~§Jmbr) d Ë`m§Zmhr Amdí`H$
Vr e¡j{UH$ _XV XoÊ`mV òVo. amÁ`mVrb ~hþ^m{fH$ dmñVdmbm Ý`m` XoUmao YmoaU ho _hmamîQ´> amÁ`mMo
EH$ d¡{eîQ>ç Amho.
(2) amÁ`ñVar` {ejU-à{ejU

_hmamîQ´> amÁ`mV bmImhÿZ A{YH$ {ejH$m§À`m EH$mM doir hmoUmè`m à{ejUmgmR>r èñdrnUo
am~dbobm ñ_mQ>© nr. Q>r. (SMART-PT : Statewide Massive and Rigorous
Training for Primary Teachers) H$m`©H«$_ ho XoIrb _hmamîQ´> amÁ`mMo EH$ _hËËdmMo
d¡{eîQ>ç Amho. 1997 Z§Va àËòH$ dfu e¡j{UH$ df© gwé hmoÊ`mnyduM Ë`m Ë`m B`ËVoÀ`m d {df`m§À`m
{ejH$m§Zm Aä`mgH«$_ d nmR>çnwñVH$m§Vrb ~Xbm§g§~§Yr Vnerbdma à{ejU XoÊ`mV Ambo Amho, VgoM
_mJ©Xe©H$ gm{hË`hr nwadÊ`mV Ambo Amho. `m à{ejUmMo df©â AmYr {Z`moOZ H$aUo, gw_mao XmoZ _{hZo
AmYrnmgyZ à{ejH$m§Mo à{ejU nyU© H$aUo, à{ejU gm{hË` V`ma H$aUo, BË`mXr H$miOr KoVë`m_wioM
BVŠ`m ì`mnH$ à_mUmdarb à{ejU H$m`©H«$_ am~dUo _hmamîQ´>mV eŠ` Pmbo Amho.

(3) n{hbrnmgyZ A{Zdm`© B§J«Or {df`mMo {ejU
amÁ`mVrb B§J«Or _mÜ`_mÀ`m emim§V B§J«Or {df` "àW_ ^mfm' åhUyZ {eH$dbm OmVmo Va
{~Ja-B§J«Or _mÜ`_mÀ`m emim§V B§J«Or {df` B`ËVm nmMdrnmgyZ A{Zdm`© {df` åhUyZ {eH$dÊ`mV òV
Ago. na§Vw OZVoÀ`m AmH$m§jm, ~XbVo gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$ dmñVd, OmJ{VH$sH$aUmZo CnbãY H$ê$Z
{Xboë`m g§Yr Aem gd© ~m~tMm {dMma H$ê$Z _hmamîQ´> emgZmZo n{hbrnmgyZ B§J«Or {df` A{Zdm`©
H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` 2000 _Üò KoVbm Am{U Vmo Ëd[aV à^mdrnUo A§_bmV AmUbm. `m {df`mÀ`m
Aä`mgH«$_mMo Am{U a§OH$ H¥$Vt_YyZ ^m{fH$ H$m¡eë`m§Mo {ejU KS>dUmè`m nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mo gd©Ì ñdmJV
Pmbo Amho. _hmamîQ´>mZo ho YmoaU am~dë`mZ§Va Ë`m YVuda BVa AZoH$ amÁ`m§Zr AgoM YmoaU ñdrH$mabo
Amho. _hmamîQ´> amÁ`mMo `m {df`m~m~VMo YmoaU Am{U `m {df`mgmR>r Pmbobo H$m_ ho XoIrb _hmamîQ´>mMo
EH$ AZwH$aUr` d¡{eîQ>ç R>abo Amho.
(4) AmUIr H$mhr d¡{eîQ>ço

_hmamîQ´> amÁ`mV B`ËVm Xhmdr d ~mamdrAIoa KoVbr OmUmar gmd©O{ZH$ narjm XoIrb d¡{eîQ>çnyU©
Amho. `m narjoV {dXçmÏ`mªgmR>r _moR>çm g§»òZo CnbãY Agbobo {df`m§Mo n`m©`, ^mfm _mÜ`_o Am{U
àM§S> {dXçm{W©g§»`m hr gd© AmìhmZo ñdrH$méZhr narjm§Mo Am`moOZ AË`§V à^mdrnUo Am{U èñdrnUo
H$aÊ`mV òVo, VgoM Ë`mV H$mbmZwê$n ~Xb H$ê$Z AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmMm Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mMo YmoaUhr amÁ`mZo
ñdrH$mabo Amho.
_hmamîQ´> amÁ`mVrb B`ËVm {VgarMr ^yJmob {df`mMr {Oëhmdma nmR>çnwñVHo$ ho XoIrb àmW{_H$
ñVamdarb EH$ d¡{eîQ>ç Amho. 34 {Oëhçm§gmR>rMr hr nmR>çnwñVHo$ Ë`m Ë`m _mÜ`_mÀ`m JaOoZwgma BVa
gmV _mÜ`_m§_Üòhr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV òVmV.
***

1.3 VmVS>rZo à{VgmX XoÊ¶mMo {ZH$S>rMo àíZ
1.3.1 ~mbH$m§Zm {ejUmMm A{YH$ma (àË`jmV) {_idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r H${Q>~X²YVm

~mbH$m§Zm _mo\$V d gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm H$m`Xm (2009) hr EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ KQ>Zm Amho. Aem
VèhoMm A{YH$ma XoUmè`m OJmVrb _moOŠ`m Xoem§n¡H$s ^maV EH$ Amho. hm A{YH$ma amÁ`mVrb àËòH$
~mbH$mbm {_idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r Zo_Š`m d H$gyZ Ho$boë`m à`ËZm§Mr JaO Amho, d Ë`mgmR>r emgZ
H${Q>~X²Y Amho. ghm Vo Mm¡Xm `m d`moJQ>mVrb ~mbH$m§Zm _mo\$V d gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm A{YH$ma
H$m`XçmZo {Xbm Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a nyd© àmW{_H$ {ejUmMm {dMmahr amÁ` KQ>ZoV H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho.
amÁ`KQ>ZoV H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m 86 ì`m XwéñVrZwgma ghm df} d`mn`ªVÀ`m ~mbH$m§À`m àma§{^H$ {ejU d
g§JmonZmMr ì`dñWm H$aUohr JaOoMo Amho. åhUOo VrZ Vo ghm `m d`moJQ>mVrb ~mbH$m§gmR>r nyd©àmW{_H$
{ejUmMr VaVyX H$aUohr JaOoMo Amho. ho nyd©àmW{_H$ {ejU Ë`m d`moJQ>mVrb _wbm§À`m emar[aH$,
_mZ{gH$, ^md{ZH$, gm_m{OH$ JaOm d d¡{eîQ>ço bjmV KoD$ZM XoÊ`mV `mdo. Vo nyU©V: AmZ§XXm`r d
VUmda{hV ñdê$nmMo Agmdo. VgoM Vo bd{MH$ Am{U AZm¡nMm[aH$ nX²YVrMo Agmdo. `m d`moJQ>mÀ`m
_wbm§À`m nyd©àmW{_H$ emioV ñdÀN> d _moH$io dmVmdaU Am{U Amdí`H$ Ë`m ^m¡{VH$ gw{dYm VgoM
Hw$eb Am{U à{e{jV _Zwî`~i Agmdo `m ~m~tH$S>o {deof bj Xçmdo bmJob. nyd©àmW{_H$ {ejU
hmVmiÊ`mÀ`m nÕVrV doJdoJiçm emim§_Üò ~amM \$aH$ {XgyZ òVmo. Ë`m_Ü¶o ~mbH$m§Mo ñdmñÏ`,
{ZH$mon dmT>, {dH$mg Am{U AmZ§X `m§Zm àmYmÝ` XoD$Z g_mZ gyÌ AmUmdo bmJob, VaM àmW{_H$
{ejUmMm nm`m Mm§Jë`m àH$mao KmVbm OmB©b.
ghm Vo Mm¡Xm `m d`moJQ>mVrb _wbm§Zm _mo\$V d gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm A{YH$ma XoUmè`m H$m`XçmMr
à^mdrnUo A§_b~OmdUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r hmVmimdo bmJUmao H$mhr e¡j{UH$ àíZ nwT>o WmoS>Š`mV Zm|Xdbo
AmhoV.
1.3.1 (A) {ejUmVrb {df_Vm Xya H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ
emioV OmÊ`mÀ`m d`mVrb gd© _wbm§Zm emioV XmIb H$ê$Z KoÊ`mÀ`m g§X^m©V Joë`m H$mhr dfm©V
bjUr` H$m_{Jar Pmbobr Amho na§Vw gd© _wbo emioV XmIb Pmbr åhUOo "gdmªgmR>r {ejU' hr
g§H$ënZm àË`jmV Ambr Ago Zmhr. gdmªgmR>r {ejU `mMm Iam AW© àËòH$mbm AZwê$n {ejU Agm
Amho.
{ejUàdmhmV gm_rb Pmboë`m, hmoV Agboë`m {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, e¡j{UH$,
^m{fH$ nmíd©^y_rV \$ma _moR>çm à_mUmda {^ÝZVm Amho. na§Vw embo` Aä`mgH«$_m§Mr AmIUr _mÌ g_mZ
gwadmV Am{U g_mZ A§{V_ Üò` Aem àH$mao Ho$ë`mMo {XgVo. {ejUmMr gd©gmYmaU A§{V_ Üòò g_mZ
Agbr, BVHo$M Zìho Va B`ËVm{Zhm` CX²{XîQ>o Am{U AÜ``Z {ZînËVrhr g_mZ R>odÊ`mV Ambr, Var
Ë`mH$S>o dmQ>Mmb H$aUmar _wbo doJdoJiçm Ama§^q~Xy§nmgyZ gwadmV H$aVmV hr ~m~ bjmV KoUo JaOoMo
Amho. Ë`m_wio CX²{XîQ>o Oar g_mZ Agbr Var Ë`mVyZ {ejU à{H«$òV g_mZVm òV Zmhr H$maU CX²{XîQ>
àmßVrgmR>r àËòH$ {dXçmÏ`m©bm H$amdo bmJUmao H$m_ EH$gmaIo Zmhr. Ë`m_wio gwadmVrnmgyZM H$mhr
{dXçmWu _mJo nS>V OmVmV, Am{U R>am{dH$ g_mOJQ>mVrb {dXçmWu PnmQ>çmZo nwT>o OmVmV. hr V\$mdV
Xya H$aÊ`mgmR>r àW_ {ejU àdmhmV gm_rb hmoUmè`m gd© _wbm§Mr e¡j{UH$, ^m{fH$, gm_m{OH$
nmíd©^y_r H$m` Amho `mMm e¡j{UH$ ÑîQçm Aä`mg H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m JaOm VnerbdmanUo Zmo§Xdë`m
nm{hOoV. `m JaOm§Mr {ZpíMVr H$aV AgVmZm Ë`mV g_mOmMm, {dXçmÏ`mªMm Am{U nmbH$m§Mmhr g_mdo e
Agbm nm{hOo.
{dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m gm_m{OH$ nmíd©^y_rMr gm§p»`H$s _m{hVr AmVm CnbãY hmoD$ bmJbr Amho.
JaOm§À`m {ZpíMVrgmR>r AmVm Ë`mÀ`m nbrH$S>o OmD$Z gm_m{OH$, ^mfmd¡km{ZH$, e¡j{UH$ Aä`mghr
hmVr KoVbo nm{hOoV. Ë`mgmR>r ApñVËdmV Agboë`m amÁ`ñVar` `§ÌUm§Mm dmna H$aÊ`mV òB©b. VgoM `m
{df`mdarb g§emoYZ àH$ënm§Zm CËVoOZ XoÊ`mV òB©b. Amdí`H$VoZwgma Ë`mgmR>r EImXm ñdV§Ì {d^mJ
H$m`m©pÝdV H$aVm òB©b.
`m Aä`mgm§VyZ doJdoJiçm {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m e¡j{UH$ JaOm Zo_Ho$nUmZo {XgyZ òVrb d Ë`mZwgma
Aä`mgH«$_m§Mr bd{MH$ Am{U H$mbgwg§JV Aer aMZm H$aVm òB©b. `m àH$maMm JaOm{YpîR>V
Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ àW_V: {d{eîQ> H$mb_`m©XoV nyU© H$amdo bmJob. Ë`mM~amo~a JaOm§Mm
Aä`mg Ë¶m§À¶m nyV©Vo~m~VMm AmT>mdm Am{U ¶m ~m~tMr Aä¶mgH«$‘ A§‘b~OmdUrer gm§YoOmoS> hm EH$
H$m`_ñdénr H$m`©H«$_ amhrb.
{dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m doJdoJiçm JaOm bjmV KoVë`m, H$s {deofV: àmW{_H$ ñVamda Ë`m§Zm A{V[a³V
nyaH$ _XV XoUo, {eH$Ê`mgmR>r nwaogm AdYr XoUo, _moH$irH$ XoUo `m JmoîQ>r AmdOy©Z Ho$ë`m nm{hOoV.
1.3.1 (~) {deof JaOm AgUmè`m _wbm§À`m {ejUmgmR>r Img VaVwXr
gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$ Ë`mMà_mUo emar[aH$ Am{U _mZ{gH$ÑîQ>çm Á`m {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m {deof JaOm
AmhoV, åhUOoM Á`m§À`m {ejUmgmR>r emioVrb {Z`{_V AÜ`mnZmIoarO AmUIr H$mhr gmo`r-gw{dYm,
_XV, _mJ©Xe©ZmMr JaO Amho, Vo Ë`m§Zm emioVM qH$dm emio_m\©$VM CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV `mdo.
Ë`mgmR>r emiobm H$mhr IMm©Mo A{YH$ma/gw{dYm qH$dm H$mhr doJim {ZYr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMm {dMma
ìhmdm.
1.3.1 (H$) ^maVr` g§{dYmZmË_H$ _yë`m§Mo {ejU
^maVr` g§{dYmZmVrb ñdmV§Í`, g_Vm, ~§Yw^md, Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$, amOH$s` Ý`m`, Y_©{ZanojVm
Am{X _yë`m§Mo {ejU àmW{_H$ ñVamda AmVm H$m`XçmZohr _hËËdmMo _mZbo Amho. _mÜ`{_H$ ñVamdahr ho
_yë`{ejU _Ü`dVu amhrb.
AmOÀ`m gm_m{OH$ n[apñWVrV BîQ> Vo ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMo _hËËdmMo H$m_ embo` {ejUmVyZ
à^mdrnUo H$aVm òB©b, H$am`Mo Amho. g§{dYmZmË_H$ _yë`m§Zm AmOÀ`m Aä`mgH«$_mVhr _hËËd Amho,
na§Vw Ë`m§Zm ~mYm òV Zmhr Zm ho H$Q>mjmZo nmhÊ`mnwaVoM Vo _`m©{XV Pmbobo {XgVo. `m _yë`m§À`m g§X^m©V
{dXçmÏ`mªZm H¥${VàdU ~ZdUmao {ejU {Xbo OmUo JaOoMo Amho. Ë`mgmR>r Aä`mgH«$_ d nmR>çnwñVH$m§V
`m _yë`m§Mr gH$mamË_H$ _m§S>Ur H$aUo Am{U àoaH$, ñ\y${V©Xm`H$ Ame` XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. hr _yëò
éOdÊ`mgmR>r embo` CnH«$_m§V Img H$m`©H«$_m§Mo Am`moOZ H$aUo, H|$Ð, VmbwH$m, {Oëhm d amÁ`ñVamda
doimodoir _mo{h_m hmVr KoUo, àoaH$ gm{hË`mMr, g§JrVmMr {Z{_©Vr H$aUo d Vo emimemim§VyZ nmoMdUo
Aem Omo_Xma à`ËZm§Mr Amdí`H$Vm Amho.
Ë`mM~amo~a X¡Z§{XZ embo` ì`dhmamVhr g§{dYmZmË_H$ Am{U bmoH$emhr _yë`m§Mm gVV AmJ«h
Yaë`mMo {dXçmÏ`mªZm {XgyZ Ambo nm{hOo. {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m embo` OrdZmMm AZw^d hm bmoH$emhr
OrdZnX²YVrMm AZw^d Agob, Aer XjVm gVV KoVbr nm{hOo.
1.3.1 (S>) _mZdr hŠH$m§Mo {ejU
amîQ´>r` g§X^m©V Am{U bmoH$emhr ì`dñWoVrb O~m~Xma ZmJ[aH$ KS>dÊ`mgmR>r g§{dYmZmVrb
_yë`m§Mr ê$OdUyH$ H$aV AgVmZmM OmJ{VH$ g§X^m©V _mZdr hŠH$m§Mo {ejU XoUohr Amdí`H$ Amho.
^maVmVrb VéU {nT>r AmVm _moR>çm à_mUmda OmJ{VH$ ñVamdarb H$m`©joÌmV àdoe H$aV Amho. `mnwT>rb
H$mimV ho à_mU dmT>V OmUma Amho. OJmÀ`m doJdoJiçm ^mJmV H$m_ H$aV AgVmZm `m VéUm§Zm
AmË_^mZ amIVm Ambo nm{hOo, VgoM XoemV amhÿZ Am§VaamîQ´>r` g§ñWm§_Üò qH$dm Am§VaamîQ´>r` ñVamdaMo
H$m_ H$aVmZm ñWm{ZH$ àíZm§Mr OmUrd am{hbr nm{hOo, Ë`m~X²Xb H$iH$i dmQ>br nm{hOo. `mH$aVm
_mZdr hŠH$m§Mr _m{hVr AgUo Am{U ñdV:À`m VgoM BVam§À`mhr _mZdr hŠH$m§À`m ajUmgmQ>r R>m_
^y{_H$m KoVm òUo `mMr V`mar embo` {ejUmVyZM Pmbr nm{hOo. ho _mZdr hŠH$m§Mo {ejU nwñVH$s
kmZmÀ`m ñdê$nmV XoÊ`mnojm _mZdr hŠH$m§er {ZJ{S>V àíZm§~m~V _m{hVr g§H$bZ, bhmZ bhmZ na§Vw
g_mOmon`moJr H$m_o `m ñdê$nmMo àH$ën {dXçmÏ`mªZm H$am`bm XoUo, VgoM nmR>çgm{hË`mVyZhr {d{eîQ>
KS>m_moS>r/àH$a{UH$m§Mm Aä`mg H$ê$Z KoUo Ago _mJ© A{YH$ à^mdr R>aVrb.
1.3.2. OrdZ-H$m¡eë`m§VyZ ì`{ŠV_ËËd {dH$mg Am{U _yë`_mnZ
{dkmZ V§ÌkmZmMm doJmZo hmoUmam {dH$mg Am{U OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`m à{H«$`m§_wio EH${dgmì`m
eVH$mVrb OrdZe¡brV PnmQçmZo ZdZdrZ ~Xb hmoV AmhoV. {dXçmÏ`mªZm hr ~XbVr OrdZe¡br
ghOVoZo nobVm Ambr nm{hOo Am{U Ë`mVyZ ñdV:À`m ì`{ŠV_ËËdmMm gdmªJrU, g_Vmob {dH$mghr
gmYVm Ambm nm{hOo. `mgmR>r Am`wî`â Cn`moJr nS>Vrb Aer H$m¡eëò Ë`m§Zm embo` {ejUmVM
{_imbr nm{hOoV. OmJ{VH$ Amamo½` g§KQ>ZoZo (W.H.O) Aer Xhm H$m¡eëò Z_yX Ho$br AmhoV. hr
H$m¡eëò AmË_gmV H$aÊ`mgmR>r {dXçmÏ`mªZm emioVM Ë`m§Mm dmna, gamd H$aÊ`mMr ânya g§Yr {_imbr
nm{hOo.
`m§n¡H$s g_ñ`m§Mr CH$b (Problem-solving) {ZU©`j_Vm (Decision making),
gO©Zerb {dMma (Creative thinking) Am{U {M{H$ËgH$ qH$dm {díbofUmË_H$ {dMma
(Critical thinking) hr H$m¡eëò Va Aä`mg{df`m§er WoQ> {ZJ{S>V AmhoV. Ë`m_wio àËòH$
Aä`mg{df` {eH$V AgVmZm {dXçmÏ`mªZm `m H$m¡eë`m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Vmo {eH$Ê`mMr g§Yr {_imbr
nm{hOo d gd` Pmbr nm{hOo. `m ZdrZ ^y{_Ho$VyZ nmR>çH«$_ d AÜ``Z nÕVr R>adë`m OmVrb.

ñdV:À`m ^md^mdZm ZrQ> g_OyZ KoD$Z Ë`m§À`mda {Z`§ÌU {_idVm òUo Am{U g_mOmV
AmË_{dídmgmZo, g_§OgnUo VgoM O~m~XmarZo dmJVm òUo `mgmR>r AmË_^mZ (Self - awarness),
g_mZw^yVr (Empathy), ì`ŠVrì`ŠVrVrb g§~§Y, g§dmX, ^mdZm§Mo d VmUVUmdm§Mo g_m`moOZ hr
H$m¡eµëò _hËËdmMr AmhoV. Vr {deofV: ^mfm, gm_m{OH$ emñÌo, H$bm, H«$sS>m, H$m`m©Zw^d `m joÌm§VyZ
OmUrdnyd©H$ {dH${gV Ho$br OmVrb.
OrdZ-H$m¡eë`m§Mo {ejU Iè`m AWm©Zo KSy>Z òÊ`mgmR>r embo` ñVamdarb _yë`_mnZmMm H$mhr ^mJ
hm OrdZ-H$m¡eë`m§da AmYm[aV amhrb Am{U {dXçmÏ`mªZr hr OrdZ H$m¡eëò d`mZwê$n {H$Vr à_mUmV
n«mßV Ho$br AmhoV `mMo \${bV {dXçmÏ`mªZm d nmbH$m§Zm dU©ZmË_H$ ñdê$nmV {Xbo OmB©b. dU©ZmË_H$
\${bV {Xë`m_wio nmbH$m§Zm {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m gdmªJrU {dH$mgmMo ñnîQ> {MÌ {_iob. {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m
~m¡X²{YH$ VgoM ^md{ZH$ d gm_m{OH$ {dH$mgmgmR>r H$moUË`m {XeoZo n«`ËZ H$am`Mo `mMrhr nmbH$m§Zm d
{ejH$m§Zm A{YH$ Mm§Jbr d gwñnîQ> H$ënZm òB©b.
{Zìdi _mH$mªÀ`m ^mfoV _yë`_mnZ H$aÊ`mnojm, {dXçmWu/{dXçm{W©Zr H$m` H$ê$ eH$VmV, H$m`
H$aUo Ë`m§Zm AXçm{n AdKS> OmVo, Aem ñdê$nmMo ñnîQ> eãXm§V _m§S>bobo \${bV XoÊ`m_wio {ejH$m§Mr
Am{U EHy$U {ejUà{H«$òMrM {dídmgmh©Vm dmT>m`bmhr _XV hmoB©b. àmW{_H$ ñVamda dU©ZmË_H$
\${bVmbm àmYmÝ` amhrbM, na§Vw _mÜ`{_H$ (d Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$) ñVamdahr _yë`_mnZ \${bVmMm H$mhr
^mJ dU©ZmË_H$ ñdénmMm amhrb.
1.3.3. embo` Aä`mgH«$_mVrb _hËËdmMo ~Xb
òUmè`m H$mimV ñdV:À`m g_mOmV Am{U OmJ{VH$ AW©ì`dñWoV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r gd©/àËòH$
_wbmbm V`ma H$aUo hm gmd©{ÌH$ Am{U JwUdËVmnyU© {ejUmMm CX²Xoe Amho. hm CX²Xoe gmÜ` H$aVmZm
embo` {ejU VUmd_wŠV dmVmdaUmV nma nS>ob Aerhr XjVm ¿`mdr bmJob. hm g_Vmob gmYÊ`mgmR>r
àM{bV Aä`mgH«$_mÀ`m ñdê$nmV Am{U Ë`mÀ`m A§_b~OmdUrÀ`m nÕVrV H$mhr _hËËdmMo ~Xb H$amdo
bmJVrb.
1.3.3 (A) Aä`mgH«$_mVrb AÜ``Z AmoPo H$_r H$aUo
_m{hVrÀ`m {dñ\$moQ>mÀ`m `wJmV embo` Aä`mgH«$_m§Vhr _m{hVrMo à_mU dmT>V Mmbbo Amho.
nma§n[aH$ ñdê$nmÀ`m _m{hVr~amo~a ZdrZ g§H$ënZm, {dMmaàUmbr, emoY `m§Mr _m{hVr g_m{dîQ>
Ho$ë`m_wio Aä`mgH«$_m§Mr ì`mßVr dmT>V Jobr Amho. `m§n¡H$s H$moUVr _m{hVr hr _yb^yV kmZmÀ`m
ñdénmVrb Amho, Am{U H$moUVr VmËnwaË`m _hËËdmMr Amho ho Vnmgbo nm{hOo. {dXçmÏ`mªZm gd© _m{hVr
{eH$Ê`mMr gŠVr H$aÊ`mnojm _yb^yV kmZ XoUo d Ë`mnwT>rb _m{hVr ñdV: {_idÊ`mMr V§Ìo, H$m¡eëò
{eH$dUo JaOoMo Amho. `m ñdê$nmV Aä`mg{df`m§Mr \o$a_m§S>Ur Ho$ë`mg {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m _Zmdarb
_m{hVrMo AmoPo Am{U {Zén`moJr KmoH§$nQ²>Q>rMm VmU H$_r H$aVm òB©b.
àM{bV Aä`mgH«$_mV àmW{_H$ ñVamnmgyZM {deofV: gm_m{OH$ emñÌo, Amamo½` d emar[aH$
{ejU, H$bm, H$m`m©Zw^d BË`mXr Aä`mgH«$_ A{Vì`mßV ñdê$nmMo AmhoV Ago {XgVo. Ë`m§Mo ñdén
gwQ>gwQ>rV R>odbo nm{hOo Am{U Ë`m_Üò _m{hVrnojm àË`j H¥$Vr d OrdZmZw^dmbm àmYmÝ` {Xbo nm{hOo.
EHy$U gd©M {df`m§_Üò _yb^yV g§H$ënZm d H$m¡eëò H$moUVr ho B`ËVmdma d {df`dma {ZpíMV
Ho$bo nm{hOo Am{U gd© {dXçmWu `m g§H$ënZm d H$m¡eëò àmßV H$aVrb Ago nm{hbo nm{hOo. `m
g§H$ënZm d H$m¡eëò àmßV Z H$aVm {dXçmWu \$ŠV `m§{ÌH$ nÕVrZo _m{hVr {_idUo, Vr gmMo~X²Y arVrZo
{b{hUo Aem _mJm©Zo nwT>o nwT>o gaH$V amhÿZ eodQ>r {Zame hmoUma ZmhrV, Aer XjVm KoVbr nm{hOo. VaM
{dXçmÏ`mªZm {ejU hm AmZ§XXm`r AZw^d dmQ>ob.
1.3.3 (Am) AmOrdZ {eH$Ê`mÀ`m j_Vm d¥X²qYJV H$aUo
amîQ´>r` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>çmV „Learning to learn‟ `m g§H$ënZoda â {Xbobm Amho.
`mnwT>rb H$mimV kmZ Am{U H$m¡eëò `m XmoÝhr ~m~t_Üò gVV ~Xb Am{U {dH$mgmMr à{H«$`m Mmby
amhUma Amho. Ë`m_wio emioV {_idboë`m kmZ d H$m¡eë`m§Mr {eXmoar hr XoIrb {dH$gZerb
ñdê$nmMrM Agbr nm{hOo. emioVrb kmZ d H$m¡eëò \$ŠV emioVrb MmMÊ`m§gmR>r Zìho, Va àË`j
OrdZì`dhmamV Cn`moJr nS>m`Mr AgVrb, Va Ë`m_Üò H$mimÀ`m JaOoZwgma â KmbÊ`mMr j_Vm
{dXçmÏ`mª_Üò {Z_m©U Ho$br nm{hOo. åhUOoM emioV ZwgVo "{eH$Uo' nwaogo Zmhr, Va H$moUVrhr JmoîQ> H$er
{eH$mdr `mMohr {ejU KoUo Amdí`H$ amhrb. `m {eH$Ê`mÀ`m j_Vm§_Üò g§X^© H$m¡eëò
(Reference skills) CXmhaUmW©, eãXH$moe, B§Q>aZoQ> BË`mXr JmoîQ>r hmVmiVm òUo; AÜ``Z H$m¡eëò
(Study skills) CXmhaUmW© dmMboë`m ^mJmMo ñdV:À`m g§X^m©gmR>r {Q>nU R>odVm òUo, Ë`m§Vrb
_wX²Xçm§Mr _m§S>Ur, H«$_ BË`mXr ~m~r ZrQ> bjmV KoUo Aem JmoîQ>tMm g_mdoe amhrb. `mnyduhr `m
JmoîQ>tMm g_mdoe Aä`mgH«$_mV hmoVm, na§Vw A{YH$ _hËËd {df`kmZmbm {Xbo OmV Ago. ZdrZ
Aä`mgH«$_mV AÜ``Z H$m¡eëò hm àËòH$ {df`mV {eH$Ê`mMm qH$dm Aä`mgmMm ñdV§Ì KQ>H$ amhrb.
1.3.3 (B$) Aä`mgH«$_mVrb gm_mB©H$ d bd{MH$ ^mJ {ZpíMV H$aUo
g§nyU© amÁ`mV EH$M Aä`mgH«$_ {ZYm©[aV Ho$bobm Agbm Var amÁ`mÀ`m doJdoJiçm ^mJm§V {ejU
KoUmè`m {dXçmÏ`mªMo e¡j{UH$ g§X^© doJio Agy eH$VmV. ñWm{ZH$ ñVamdarb Eo{Vhm{gH$, ^m¡Jmo{bH
d¡{eîQ>ço, H$bm, g§ñH¥$Vr, ^m{fH$ d¡{dÜ` hm ^mJhr _hËËdmMm Agë`mZo Vmo Aä`mgH«$_mV Mm§Jë`m
àH$mao à{Vq~{~V hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`m_wio Aä`mgH«$_mÀ`m H$mhr ^mJmMo ñdê$n ñWm{ZH$ n[apñWVr
d JaOm§Zwgma AmH$ma KoUmao bd{MH$ Agbo nm{hOo. àËòH$ ñVamdarb àËòH$ {df`mÀ`m nmR> çH«$_mV `m
bd{MH$ ^mJmMo à_mU H$_r OmñV amhrb, na§Vw Ë`m ^mJmMm Amdí`H$ Ë`m gd© {R>H$mUr g_mdoe hmoB©b
Aer XjVm KoVbr nm{hOo. `m bd{MH$ ^mJmMr Am{U gd© amÁ`mbm gm_mB©H$ AgUmè`m ^mJmMr
{ZpíMVr H$aÊ`mV òB©b. gm_mB©H$ ^mJmV gd© _yb^yV g§H$ënZm§Mm d H$m¡eë`m§ Mm g_mdoe amhrb, Va
bd{MH$ ^mJmVhr Ano{jV AÜ``Z à{H«$`m d _yë`_mnZ `moOZm amÁ`âmgmR>r g_mZ amhrb. VgoM hm
bd{MH$ ^mJ åhUOo Xwæ`_ qH$dm d¡H$pënH$ ñdê$nmMm Zmhr ho ñnîQ> H$amdo bmJob.
1.3.3 (B©>) Aä`mgH«$_mMr JwUdËVm d ì`mdhm[aH$Vm `m§Mo _yë`_mnZ
Zì`mZo V`ma hmoUmam Aä`mgH«$_ XO}Xma, Cn`wŠV Am{U Varhr ì`mdhm[aH$ÑîQ>çm ghOVoZo
hmVmiÊ`mOmoJm Agmdm. Aä`mgH«$_mMm XOm© dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mV g_m{dîQ> {df`m§Mr ì`mßVr,

g§H$ënZm§Mr H«$_dmar, doJdoJiçm {df`m§Vrb gwg§JVr d g_Ýd`, àoaH$ eŠVr BË`mXr ~m~tMo ñdV§ÌnUo
g_rjU Ho$bo Omdoo, Ë`mM~amo~a _wbm§À`m ÑîQ>rZo AgUmar a§OH$Vm, gwb^Vm d`mZwénVm `mhr ~m~r
nm{hë`m nm{hOoV. àM{bV nÕVrV `m ~m~tMm {dMma H$ê$ZM Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma Ho$bm OmVmo. na§Vw
Aä`mgH«$_mMo ho A§VJ©V _yë`_mnZ Aä`mgH«$_ à{gX²Y hmoD$Z Cn`moJmV AmUë`mZ§Va nwÝhm ~maH$mB©Zo
H$aÊ`mMr JaO Amho.
A§_b~OmdUrÀ`m Q>ßß`mda Aä`mgH«$_mMr Cn`wŠVVm VnmgÊ`mgmR>r nwT>rb VrZ {ZH$f _hËËdmMo
AmhoV.
 {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m dV©_mZmer gm§JS>
{ejUmMr CX²{XîQ>o {ZpíMV H$aV AgVmZm {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m d g_mOmÀ`m ^{dî`mMm {dMma hmoVmo,
Ë`mMdoir {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m dV©_mZmMmhr {dMma hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m ~mbd`mZwén,
{H$emoad`mZwén Ë`mÀ`m ^md{ZH$, gm_m{OH$ JaOm AgVmV Am{U Ë`m§Mm AÜ``Zmda gVV d _moR>çm
à_mUmda n[aUm_ hmoV amhVmo. {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m `m ^md{ZH$, gm_m{OH$ JaOm§Mr d`mZwén nyVu hmoB©b Aem
àH$mao Aä`mgH«$_mMm Ame` d AÜ``Z nÕVrMr {ZpíMVr H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
 {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m ^{dî`mer gm§JS>
bmoH$emhr ì`dñWoVrb O~m~Xma ZmJ[aH$ åhUyZ dmdaÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Vr V`mar {ejUmVyZ
Pmbr nm{hOo, VgoM {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m ì`pŠVJV ~m¡X²{YH$, ^md{ZH$ d emar[aH$ OS>UKS>UrgmR>r Amdí`H$
Vo AÜ``Z AZw^d Ë`mbm {ejUmVyZ {_imbo nm{hOoV.
 {ejUmMr H$m`©OJVmer gm§JS>
[dXçmÏ`mªZm H$m`©OJVmV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r V`ma H$aUo, ho {ejUmMo _hËËdmMo CX²{XîQ> Agë`mZo
H$m`©OJVmV Amdí`H$ AgUmao kmZ d H$m¡eëò Am{U d¥ËVr {dXçmÏ`mªZm embo` {ejUmVyZ {_imbr
nm{hOo. embo` {ejUmVyZ {_iUmao kmZ, gd`r, j_Vm `m H$m`©OJVmbm nyaH$, g_mYmZH$maH$ AgVrb
Aer {deof XjVm ¿`mdr bmJob. (Group Dynamics)
1.3.3 (C) Aä`mgH«$_mV kmZaMZmdmXr ^y{_Ho$Mm ñdrH$ma H$m d H$gm
Joë`m e§â-gìdmeo dfmªV e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d {dMmaàUmbrV hmoV Jobobo RiH$ ~Xb nm{hbo
AgVm, "{dXçmWu' `m g§H$ënZoVM ~Xb Pmbobo {XgVmV. {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m nydm©Ym©V àmÊ`m§À`m
AÜ``Z-{df`H$ dV©ZmMo à`moJemioVrb g§emoYZ bjmV KoD$Z Or _m§S>Ur H$aÊ`mV Ambr Ë`mV
{ejH$mMr ^y{_H$m {dXçmÏ`mª_Üò {d{eîQ> V§Ìm§Mm dmna H$éZ dV©Z~Xb KS>dyZ AmUUmè`mMr Amho Ago
_mZbo OmB©. {dXçmWu hm KQ>H$ \$ŠV {ejH$m§Zm Ano{jV à{VgmX H$moUVm Vo bjmV KoD$Z Vgo dmJUmam
AgVmo Ago J¥{hV Yabo OmB©.

nwT>o n«`moJemioÀ`m Mm¡H$Q>rVM nU _mZdr AÜ``ZmMo g§emoYZ gwé Pmë`mZ§Va {dXçmÏ`mªMr kmZ d
_m{hVr _ZmV gmR>dyZ R>odÊ`mMr j_Vm bjmV KoD$Z {ejU nÕVrV ~Xb KS>dÊ`mV Ambo, Var
{ejH$m§Mr ^y{_H$m XoUmè`mMr d {dXçmÏ`mªMr ^y{_H$m {Xbo Vo KoUmè`mMrM am{hbr.
_mÌ {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m AIoarg à`moJemio~mhoa àË`j OrdZmV AÜ``Z H$go KSy>Z òVo `mMo
g§emoYZ H$aUo eŠ` Pmbo, Vgm "{dXçmWu' H$go {eH$VmV `m g§H$ënZoVhr ~Xb Pmbm. Ë`mZwgma ~mbH$
qH$dm H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr gVV Amnë`m AZw^dm§Mm ñdV: AW© bmdV AgVo, d ñdV:À`m _ZmV
nydm©Zw^dm§Zwgma kmZmMr {Z{_©Vr H$aV AgVo. {ejH$m§Zr {Xbobo kmZ/_m{hVr OerÀ`m Ver _wbo
ñdV:À`m _ZmV gmR>dV ZmhrV, Va Ë`m§Zm hmoUmam ~moY, AmH$bZ ì`pŠVgmnoj AgVo. ho AmH$bZ `mo½`
àH$mao Pmbo H$s Zmhr ho {ejH$m§Zr _wbm§À`m à{VgmXmMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z bjmV ¿`m`Mo d {dXçmÏ`m©bm
`mo½` Vo AmH$bZ hmoB©b Aem VèhoZo AÜ``Z AZw^d Xçm`Mo hr _hËËdmMr g§H$ënZm kmZaMZmdmXmZo
_m§S>br Amho.
kmZaMZmdmXr g§H$ënZm `m àË`j ì`dhmamVrb _mZdr AÜ``ZmMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z _m§S>boë`m
Agë`m_wio A{YH$ Cn`wŠV Am{U dmñVdmÀ`m Odi OmUmè`m AmhoV, na§Vw Ë`m am~dÊ`mgmR>r
AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òMo ñdê$n Am_ybmJ« ~XbÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. Ë`mMà_mUo gOJ,
g§doXZerb, g{H«$` d gj_ {ejH$m§Mr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. kmZaMZmdmX g§nyU© amÁ`mVrb dJ©Imoë`m§_Yo
àË`jmV `m`Mm Agob, Va nmR>çgm{hË`mV Am{U _yë`_mnZ nÕVrVhr _moR>o ~Xb H$amdo bmJVrb.
1.3.3 (D$) nmR>çnwñVH$mÀ`m nma§n[aH$ ñdénmV ~Xb H$éZ "nmR>çgm{hË` g§Mm'Mr {Z{_©Vr
e¡j{UH$ ^y{_Ho$V ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUÊ`m_Üò AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ gm{hË`mMm _moR>m dmQ>m Amho.
nma§n[aH$ nmR>çnwñVH$mV g§nyU© dfm©À`m nmR>ç{df`mMo {ddoMZ AgVo d Vo amÁ`mVrb gd© {ejH$m§Zm
_mJ©Xe©H$ R>aVo. ¶mnwT>rb H$mimV AÜ``Z nÕVrVrb ~Xb gd© {ejH$m§n`ªV nmoMdÊ`mgmR>rgwX²Ym
nmR>çnwñVH$ `m gmYZmMo ñdê$n ~Xbmdo bmJob. Ë`m_Üò {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m ñdV:À`m AÜ``Zmbm MmbZm
d {Xem XoÊ`mgmR>r [ZarjU, à`moJ, àH$ën, H¥${V`wŠV AÜ``Z, ñd`§-AÜ``Z, `m V§Ìm§Zm _hËËd XoD$Z
{df`mMr _m§S>Ur g§nyU©nUo Zì`mZo H$amdr bmJob. H«${‘H$ nwñVH$m§~amo~aM ñd`§-AÜ``Z nwpñVH$m,
AÜ``Z-H$mS>}, VŠVo, ZH$meo, nyaH$ gm{hË` Ago g§M V`ma H$amdo bmJVrb. Ë`mM~amo~a {dXçmÏ`mªMo
Ano{jV AÜ``Z KSy>Z òÊ`mgmR>r `m {d{dY ~m~tMm Zo_H$m H$gm dmna H$amdm ho ñnîQ> H$aUmao
_mJ©Xe©H$ gm{hË` {ejH$m§gmR>rhr V`ma H$amdo bmJob.
1.3.3 (E) Ame`mMo Zìho, Va AÜ``Z à{H«$òMo _yë`_mnZ
ZdrZ Aä`mgH«$_mV "{ejH$m§Zr H$m` {Xbo' `mnojm {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m _ZmV H$moUVr kmZ{Z{_©Vr Pmbr,
H$moUVr H$m¡eëò Ë`m§Zr {H$Vr à_mUmV gmÜ` Ho$br, d Ë`m_Yo gwYmaUm, ~Xb H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm Ë`m§À`mV
{H$Vr à_mUmV {Z_m©U Pmbr `mbm _hËËd Agë`m_wio _yë`_mnZmVhr Ame`mda â AgUma Zmhr.
Zo_boë`m ^mJmdarb _w»`V: ñ_aUmVyZ {bhm`Mr CËVao, R>am{dH$ gmÀ`mVrb boIZ `m ~m~tda â
AgUma Zmhr, Va doimodoir {dXçmÏ`mªMr AÜ``Z à{H«$`m H$em àH$mao Mmby Amho `mMo _yë`_mnZ Ho$bo
OmB©b. Ë`mgmR>r g_ñ`m§Mr CH$b, _wŠVmoËVar (Openended), ~hyËVar àíZ, j_Vm {dH$mgmMr

MmMUr `m ~m~r _hËËdmÀ`m R>aVrb. _yë``_mnZmMo \${bVhr {dXçmÏ`mªMr dJ©dmar, H«$_dmar
R>adÊ`mgmR>r Zmhr, Va _w»`V: {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m AÜ``Zmbm {Xem XoÊ`mgmR>r dmnabo OmB©b.
1.3.3 (Eo) g_mdoeH$ {ejUmÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo Aä`mgH«$_m§Mr \o$a_m§S>Ur
gd© Am{U àËòH$ _wbmMo JwUdËVmnyU© {ejU ho CX²{XîQ> bjmV KoVm, {deof JaOm AgUmè`m
_wbm§À`m AÜ``ZmMm Aä`mgH«$_mVM {dMma hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. gd©gmYmaU _wbm§gmR>r Aä`mgH«$_
V`ma H$ê$Z doJdoJiçm JaOm§Zwgma Ë`mV gdbVr XoÊ`mMr nÕV ~hþYm Adb§~br OmVo. na§Vw gdmªMm
{dMma H$éZ ~hþAm`m_r na§Vw bd{MH$ Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Aä`mgH«$_ hm EH$
gdªH$f XñVEodO Agmdm. Ë`mV gdmªMm EH$Ì {dMma Ho$ë`m_wio EH$ ì`mnH$ ÑîQ>r d g_¥X²YnUm òB©b,
VgoM {d{eîQ> JaOm§gmR>r Zo_Š`m H$moUË`m ~Xbm§Mr/gw{dYm§Mr Amdí`H$Vm d VaVyX Amho `mMo {MÌ
gdmªg_moa amhrb.
1.3.3. (Amo) H$mimÀ`m H$gmoQ>rda CVaboë`m na§namJV ^maVr` {ejUV§Ìm§Mm àgma
^maVr` {ejUì`dñWoV _m¡{IH$ na§nam d _wImoX²JV kmZmbm _hËËdmMo ñWmZ Amho, na§Vw
AbrH$S>rb H$mimV ñ_aUmda AmYm[aV, gmMo~X²Y, KmoH§$nQ²>Q>rda â XoUmao ^mJ Aä`mgH«$_mVyZ Xya
H$aVmZm _m¡{IH$ na§naoVrb H$mhr Mm§Jë`m ~m~rhr dJië`m Joë`mMo {XgVo. H$moS>r, g_ñ`mnyVu, CImUo
BË`mXtVyZ {dMmam§Zm MmbZm Am{U a§OZ `m XmoÝhr ~m~r gmÜ` hmoVmV. H${dVm, íbmoH$, gwdMZo , nmT>o
Aem ~m~r _wbm§Zm nmR>m§VamVyZ ghO H$m`_ñdénr CnbãY amhVmV. Ë`m ì`dhmamV WoQ> Cn`moJr nS>VmV
Am{U _mJ©Xe©H$hr R>aVmV. _wImoX²JV kmZ ho gw{e{jV, g_¥X²Y ì`pŠV_ËËdmMo EH$ {ZXe©H$ _mZbo OmVo.
AZoH$ ì`dgm`m§_Yo Am{U OrdZ ì`dhmam§_Yo Ë`mMr JaO AgVo. hr nma§n[aH$ V§Ìo àËòH$ {dXçmÏ`m©n`ªV
nmoMdÊ`mMo H$m`© Aä`mgH«$_mVyZ H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
1.3.3 (Am¡) ^maVmbm H|$ÐñWmZr R>odyZ Aä`mg{df`m§Mr _m§S>Ur
embo` ñVamdarb AZoH$ Aä`mgH«$_m§Mr d nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mr {Z{_©Vr H$aVmZm ({deofV: {dkmZ,
J{UV Am{U gm_m{OH$ emñÌo `m {df`m§À`m ~m~VrV) dmnaÊ`mV òUmao g§X^©J«§W AZoH$Xm nmpíM_mË`
AgVmV. Ë`m_wio `m J«§Wm§_Ü¶o Ë`m Ë`m {df`mMr Eo{Vhm{gH$ nmíd©^y_r, _hËËdmÀ`m KS>m_moS>r, CXmhaUo,
XmIbo `m gd© ~m~tMr _m§S>Ur `wamo{n`Z, {~«{Q>e qH$dm A_o[aH$Z g§X^m©V Ho$bobr AgVo. Ë`mdê$Z
^maVr` {dXçmÏ`mªZm ^maVr` kmZ{df`H$ na§nam§Mo d Ë`mVrb MT>CVmam§Mo `WmW© Xe©Z hmoV Zmhr, Am{U
n[aUm_V: amîQ´>r` OS>UKS>UrMohr g_J« kmZ hmoV Zmhr. embo` ñVamnmgyZM `m gd© {df`m§À`m _m§S>UrV
^maVr` kmZ na§nam H$m` hmoË`m, Ë`m H$em g_¥X²Y Pmë`m, Ho$ìhm d H$m I§{S>V Pmë`m (AWdm Pmë`m
ZmhrV), Ë`mVrb Aä`mgÊ`mOmo½`m Am{U AmOhr R>m_nUo ñdrH$maÊ`mOmoJm ^mJ H$moUVm `mMo ^mZ
{dXçmÏ`mªZm XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Pmbm nm{hOo.
1.3.4. Aä`mgH«$_mÀ`m A§_b~OmdUrMm g§emoYZmË_H$ Aä`mg
{ejUmMo gmd©{ÌH$sH$aU, g_mdoeH$ {ejU, kmZ-V§ÌkmZmÀ`m joÌmV PnmQ>çmZo hmoUmao ~Xb,
AÜ``ZnX²YVrVrb Ano{jV ~Xb `m gd© ~m~r bjmV KoVm, Aä`mgH«$_m§Vhr doJmZo Am{U gVV ~Xb
H$aUo An[ahm`© Pmbo Amho. Aä`mgH«$_mMr Cn`wŠVVm, ì`mdhm[aH$Vm Am{U H$mbgwg§JVVm `m ~m~r
gVV nS>VmiyZ nm{hë`m nm[hOoV. Ë`mM~amo~a Aä`mgH«$_mMr A§_b~OmdUr `mo½` àH$mao hmoV Amho Zm?
Am{U Ë`mVyZ {ejUmMr Ano{jV CX²{XîQ>o gmÜ` hmoV AmhoV Zm? hohr gVV nm{hbo nm{hOo. Ë`mgmR>r
Aä`mgH«$_mÀ`m A§_b~OmdUrMm AmT>mdm KoÊ`mMr EH$ H$m`_ñdê$nr ì`dñWm Agob Am{U `m
AmT>mì`mMm ñVa{Zhm` dm{f©H$ Ahdmb à{gÕ Ho$bm OmB©b. Ë`mZwgma Aä`mgH«$_mV ~Xb H$ê$Z
Aä`mgH«$_ ~XbmMr à{H«$`m J{V_mZ R>odÊ`mV òB©b.
1.3.5. {ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mMm àíZ
~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V d gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmÀ`m hŠH$mÀ`m H$m`XçmV (2009) Am{U BVa e¡j{UH$
XñVEodOm§_Yo _wbm§Zm eŠ`Vmo Ë`m§À`m _mV¥^mfoVyZM {ejU {_imdo Ago åhQ>bo Agbo, Var AmYw{ZH$
H$mimVrb ^m{fH$ dmñVd ~aoM Jw§VmJ§wVrMo Agë`m_wio hr ~m~ nyU©nUo àË`jmV òV Zmhr. EH$Va
amÁ`mVrb n«_mU^mfm d amÁ`mÀ`m {d{dY ^mJm§Vrb ~mobr `m§V Iyn \$aH$ Amho. Xwgao åhUOo gd© ^mfH$
nmbH$m§Mm B§J«Or _mÜ`_mH$S>o AgUmam AmoT>m doJmZo dmT>V Amho. Ë`m§VyZM "go_r-B§p½be' gmaIo n`m©`
nwT>o òV AmhoV. _hmamîQ´>mV amhUmè`m {dXçmÏ`mªZm B§J«Or, _amR>r Am{U qhXr `m ^mfm A{Zdm`© åhUyZ
{eH$mì`m bmJVmV. Ë`mnojm Ë`m§Mr _mV¥^mfm {Zamir Agë`mg Aä`mgH«$_mVrb ^m{fH$ ^mJmMr ì`mßVr
Ë`m§À`m ÑîQ>rZo ~arM dmT>Vo. `m nmíd©^y_rda AJXr B`ËVm n{hbrnmgyZ ^mfm{df`H$ `moOZm bd{MH$ d
{dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m KamVrb ^mfobm {ejU ì`dhmamV _mZmMo d AmnwbH$sMo ñWmZ XoUmar AgUo AË`mdí`H$
Amho. {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m ^mfm{df`H$ {ejUmV Ë`m§Zm emioVrb _mÜ`_^mfoV ghOVoZo àdoe H$aVm `mdm
`mgmR>r nmbH$m§À`m d g_mOmÀ`m gh^mJmZo H$mhr ZmdrÝ`nyU© H$m`©©H«$_ hmVr KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
^mfm{df`H$ Aä`mgmVyZ, bmoH$^mfoMo, bmoH$dm‹S>._`mMo {Q>nU, Zm|Xr, Aä`mg `m§Zm gwadmVrnmgyZM ñWmZ
d àmoËgmhZ {_iob Ago nmhUo Amdí`H$ Amho Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a B§J«Or {df`mMr A§_b~OmdUr
à^mdrnUo hmoB©b, `mH$S>ohr bj nwadUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
1.3.6. {ejUmV _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmMm dmna
embo` {ejUmV _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmMm Aä`mg EH$ ñdV§Ì {df` åhUyZ hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
Ë`mMà_mUo àËòH$ {df`mÀ`m AÜ``ZmV _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZmMm Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mMo _mJ©Xe©Z d gamd
{dXçmÏ`mªZm {_iob `mMr VaVyX H$aUohr Amdí`H$ Amho. `m ì`{V[aŠVhr {ejUmMo gmd©{ÌH$sH$aU d
JwUdËVm {dH$mg `m§gmR>r _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ AZoH$ A§Jm§Zr Cn`wŠV R>aob. CXmhaUmW© -
1. {dXçmÏ`mªgmR>r grS>r, S>rìhrS>r d B§Q>aZoQ>dê$Z nmR>çgm{hË` VgoM nyaH$ gm{hË` CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo.
2. {dXçmÏ`mªgmR>r ñd`§AÜ``Z gm{hË`, e¡j{UH$ Ioi BË`mXrhr darb _mÜ`_m§VyZ CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo.
3. {dXçmÏ`mªZm H$Yrhr JaO dmQ>ob Voìhm d¡`pŠVH$ (Aä`mgmVrb) e§H$m Xya H$aÊ`mgmR>r, EImXr
AdKS> JmoîQ>, H¥$Vr g_OyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r VÁkm§H$adr Am°ZbmBZ àíZmoËVa godm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo.
4. {ejH$m§gmR>r Am°ZbmB©Z _mJ©Xe©Z XoUmè`m gmBQ>²g gwê$ H$aUo.

5. {dXçmWu, nmbH$, {ejH$ `m§Zm H$moUË`mhr àH$maÀ`m gëë`mMr AWdm e¡j{UH$ _XVrMr
Amdí`H$Vm dmQ>ë`mg Vo Am°ZbmB©Z CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo.
6. amÁ`âmVrb {dXçmÏ`mªZm EH$_oH$m§er g§JUH$mX²dmao g§nH©$ gmYÊ`mMr g§Yr XoUmao H$m`©H«$_, ñnYm©
BË`mXr Am`mo{OV H$aUo.
7. nmbH$, {ejH$ `m§À`mgmR>r {df`{Zhm` d ñVa{Zhm` ZoQ>d{Hª$J CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo BË`mXr.
8. àË¶oH$ {dÚmÏ¶m©bm IT Skills ¶oVrb ¶mgmR>r ì¶dñWm H$amdr.
1.3.7. {ejUmVyZ ñd-gm_Ï`m©Mr AmoiI

àËòH$ ì`ŠVrbm {ZgJ©V: H$mhr A§V:ñW gwßV j_Vm, eŠVr, H$m¡eëò àmßV Pmbobr AgVmV.
{d{dY à`ËZ, H¥$Vr, CnH«$_ `m§_YyZ ì`ŠVrbm `m A§VñW eŠVtMr OmUrd ìhmdr bmJVo. `mo½` doir
A§V:ñW j_Vm§Mr AmoiI Pmbr Am{U Ë`m§À`m OmonmgUogmR>r AZwHy$b dmVmdaU d _mJ©Xe©Z {_imë`mg
ì`ŠVr OrdZmV doJio H$m_ H$é eH$Vo. Ë`mMm g_mOmbm hr {deof Cn`moJ hmoD$ eH$Vmo. Ë`m_wio embo`
{ejUmÀ`m ñVamda doJdoJio CnH«$_, N>§X, AmË_{dîH$mamÀ`m g§Yr `m _mÜ`_mVyZ àËòH$ _wbmbm ñd-
gm_Ï`m©Mr AmoiI H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV `mdr.
1.3.8. {ejH$m§Mo _mZ{gH$/^md{ZH$ ñdmñÏ` `m§gmR>r VaVyX
{ejH$m§Mm g§~§Y M¡VÝèrb ~më`mer òVmo. _wbm§À`m ì`pŠV_ËËd {dH$mgmV {ejH$mMr ^y{_H$m
AË`§V _hËËdmMr AgVo. Ë`mgmR>r {ejH$m§Mo _mZ{gH$ Am{U ^md{ZH$ ñdmñÏ` gX¡d AË`§V {ZH$mon
Agmdo. H$m_mda AgVmZm X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmVrb VmUVUmd ~mOybm R>odyZ e¡j{UH$ H$m_mVrb AmZ§X KoVm
`mdm, `mÑîQ>rZo {ejH$m§Mo CX²~moYZ ìhmdo. (e¡j{UH$ g§ñWm§Mo gj‘rH$aU)
1.3.9. {ejUmÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmMo _yë`_mnZ
{ejUmÀ`m ì`dñWmnZ àUmbr_Üò àmW{_H$, _mÜ`{_H$ d Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$ {d^mJmMr {ejU
g§MmbZmbò, Aä`mgH«$_ Am{U nmR>çnwñVH$ {dH${gV H$aUmè`m g§ñWm, {d^mJr`-{Oëhm-VmbwH$m H|$Ð
ñVamdarb àemgH$s` d n`©dojH$s` `§ÌUm Am{U J«m_{ejU g{_Vr, emim ì`dñWmnZ g{_Vr `m§Mm
g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m gdmªMo H$m`©H«$_, Üò`YmoaUo Am{U Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z emim§Zm {_iUmao {ZX}e `m§Mm
emim§À`m H$m_H$mOmda Am{U {ejUmÀ`m XOm©da n[aUm_ hmoV AgVmo. gÚpñWVrV [ejUmÀ`m
ì`dñWmnZm_Yrb KQ>H$ ho e¡j{UH$ JwUdËVm {dH$mgmgmR>r _mJ©Xe©Z H$aÊ`mEodOr àemgH$s`
H$m_H$mOmV Jw§Vbobo {XgyZ òVmV.
`m gd© `§ÌUm§À`m H$m_H$mOmV EH$gyÌVm Am{U g_Ýd` amhÊ`mMr {ZVm§V JaO Amho. Ë`mgmR>r `m
`§ÌUm§À`m ñVa{Zhm` O~m~Xmè`m Am{U H$V©ìò Zo_Ho$nUmZo {ZpíMV H$amì`mV. Ë`m§Mo Xadfu _yë`_mnZ
H$amdo. `m _yë`_mnZm_Yrb {ZîH$fmªMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z `m `§ÌUm§À`m H$m`©j_VoV gwYmaUm H$aUo eŠ`
hmoB©b.
1.3.10. kmZjoÌmVrb _hËËdmÀ`m KS>m_moS>r emim d {dXçmÏ`mªn`ªV VmVS>rZo
nmoMdÊ`mgmR>r H$m`_ñdénr ì`dñWm
embo` Aä`mgH«$_ d nmR>ç{df`mVrb Ame` hm gd©_mÝ` _m{hVrda AmYm[aV AgVmo. Aä`mgH«$_
d nmR>çnwñVH$mV ~Xb hmoÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmam H$mbmdYr, AË`mYw{ZH$ g§H$ënZm§Mo àJV d Jw§VmJw§VrMo
ñdê$n Aer H$maUo bjmV KoVm AXç`mdV _m{hVrMm g_mdoe nmR>çnwñVH$mV hmoV Zmhr. na§Vw {dkmZ-
V§ÌkmZmÀ`m joÌmV _hËËdmÀ`m KS>m_moS>r hmoV AgVmZm Ë`mVrb àoaH$, Zm{dÝ`nyU©, AmìhmZmË_H$ ^mJ
embo` {dXçmÏ`mªn`ªV nmohmoMdUo \$ma _hËËdmMo Amho. hr AXç`mdV _m{hVr {_idÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmè`m
gw{dYm VgoM hr ‘m{hVr [dXçmÏ`mªn`ªV gmoß`m eãXm§V nU {~ZMyH$nUo nmoMdÊ`mMr ì`dñWm àËòH$
emioV Agob Ago Zmhr. ho H$aÊ`mgmR>r {ejH$m§Zm Amdí`H$ AgUmao _mJ©Xe©Z d _m{hVr doioV
nwadÊ`mgmR>r EH$ H$m`_ñdê$nr ì`dñWm {Z_m©U H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. `m ì`dñWoX²dmam Ë`m Ë`m joÌm§Vrb
VÁkm§À`m _XVrZo gmoß`m eãXm§V Am{U {MÌ_`, a§OH$ ñdê$nmV OJmÀ`m {d{dY ^mJmV KS>Umè`m
_hËËdmÀ`m KS>m_moS>r, g§emoYZo, emoY, à`ËZ BË`mXr ~m~r àmW{_H$ VgoM _mÜ`{_H$ {dXçmÏ`mªn`ª V
VmVS>rZo nmohmoMdÊ¶mV òVrb. Ë`mgmR>r {dXçmÏ`mªgmR>r _m{hVrnyU© {Z`VH$m{bHo$, ao{S>Amo d Q>r.ìhr.
H$m`©H«$_, do~gmBQ²>g, Am°ZbmB©Z godm Aem {d{dY _mÜ`_m§Mm Cn`moJ H$aVm òB©b. ¶mgmR>r BómoÀ¶m
‘XVrZo EÁ¶wg§Q>Ûmao àmW{‘H$ d ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda ñdV§Ì M°Zob H$m¶m©pÝdV H$amdoV.
1.3.11. doimodoir hmoUmè`m ~Xbm§gmR>r {ejH$, g_mOmMr _Zmo^y{_H$m V`ma
H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ ({deofV: RTE À`m g§X^m©V)
~mbH$m§Mm gŠVrÀ`m Am{U _mo\$V {ejUmMm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z`_ 2009 Zwgma {ejU ì`dñWoV
AZoH$ ~Xb Ano{jV AmhoV. {ejUmMr à{H«$`m {dXçm{W©H|${ÐV, H¥${VàYmZ, AmZ§XXm`r Agmdr; àËòH$
{dXçmÏ`m©bm d`moJQ>mZwén B`ËVoV àdoe {_imdm, {dXçmÏ`m©À`m AÜ``ZmMo gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ
ìhmdo, B`ËVm 8 drn`ªV {dXçmÏ`mªZm H$moUË`mhr ~moS>m©Mr narjm Xçmdr bmJy Zò, gd© {dXçmÏ`mªZm g_mZ
JwUdËVoMo {ejU {_imdo, àËòH$ {dXçmÏ`m©Mr Ë`m Ë`m dfm©Mr V`mar CËV_ àH$mao hmoD$Z Ë`mZo nwT>rb
B`ËVoV àdoe ¿`mdm BË`mXr VaVwXrZwgma {ejU à{H«$òV AZoH$ ~Xb Ano{jV AmhoV. VgoM JVrZo
~XbUmè`m OrdZm~amo~a {ejU à{H«$òV hr ~Xb hmoV amhVrb. ho ~Xb {ejH$m§Zr, nmbH$m§Zr Am{U
g_mOmZr ñdrH$mam`bm hdoV. `m ~Xbm§Zm Ë`m§Zr nmR>~i Xçm`bm hdo. `mgmR>r `m ~XbmÀ`m à{H«$òV `m
gd© KQ>H$m§Mm àm{V{Z{YH$ ñdê$nmV gh^mJ ¿`m`bm hdm. {ejH$, g_mO Am{U nmbH$ `m§À`mn`ªV ho
~Xb `WmW©nUo nmohmoMÊ`mMr ì`dñWm ìhmdr. Ë`m§À`m _ZmVrb AS>MUr, e§H$m Xya ìhmì`mV. VgoM
~XbË`m à{H«$ò_Üò AmT>iUmè`m ÌwQ>r doirM XwéñV Ho$ë`m Omì`mV.
AmOÀ`m H$mimV g_mOmMr _Zmo^y{_H$m V`ma H$aÊ`m_Üò àgma_mÜ`_o AË`§V _hËËdmMr ^y{_H$m
~OmdV AmhoV. ~mbH$m§Mm gŠVrÀ`m Am{U _mo\$V {ejUmMm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z`_ 2009 Zwgma hmoUmè`m
e¡j{UH$ ~Xbm~m~V àgma_mÜ`_m§n`ªV VnerbmZo dñVw{ZîR> _m{hVr nmohmoMUo Amdí`H$ Amho. H$mhr
doim Anwar dm {dn`©ñV _m{hVr Joë`m_wio e¡j{UH$ YmoaUo Am{U H$m`©H«$_ `m{df`r A§_b~OmdUrnyduM

J¡ag_OwVr {Z_m©U hmoVmV. Mm§Jë`m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m A§_b~OmdUrV Ë`m AS>ga R>é eH$VmV. Ë`mgmR>r
embo` {ejU {d^mJ, {ejUVÁk, {ejH$ VgoM g§~§{YV A{YH$mar `m§Zr eŠ` Agob Voìhm Q>r.ìhr.,
ao{S>Amodarb ì`m»`mZo, _wbmIVr Am{U dV©_mZnÌm_Yrb boImVyZ e¡j{UH$ ~Xbm§~m~VMr `WmW© _m{hVr
g_mOmbm, nmbH$m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mg§~§Yr ì`dñWm Agmdr. Ë¶mgmR>r EImXo ñdV§Ì gXa
MmbdÊ¶mMmhr {dMma ìhmdm.
{dXçmÏ`mªgmR>r {ejUmÀ`m `mo½` Ë`m _mÜ`_mMr {ZdS> H$aUo, ~XbUmè`m Zm{dÝ`nyU© AÜ``Z
nX²YVr d _yë`_mnZ `moOZm `m§À`m~X²Xbhr nmbH$m§Zm `mo½` Vo CX²~moYZ XoÊ`mMr JaO doimodoir ^mgVo.
Ë`mgmR>rhr àgma _mÜ`_m§Mm darbà_mUo Cn`moJ H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
{ejUmV g_mOmMm Am{U {dXçmWu d nmbH$m§Mm gh^mJ dmT>dÊ`mÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo d nmaXe©H$ {ejU
nX²YVr AmUÊ`mÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo H$mhr Iwë`m H$m`©H«$_m§Mo d MMmªMo Am`moOZhr àgma _mÜ`_m§À`m _XVrZo
doimdoir H$aÊ`mV `mdo.
1.3.12. dJm©Vrb Ano{jV ~Xbm§da AmYm[aV {ejH$ à{ejU
amîQ´>r` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m 2005 Am{U ~mbH$m§Mm gŠVrÀ`m Am{U _mo\$V {ejUmMm A{YH$ma
A{Y{Z`_ 2009 `m§Zwgma AmVm Aä`mgH«$_, nmR>çgm_J«r Am{U _yë`_mnZ nÕVr_Üò _moR>o ~Xb
Ano{jV AmhoV. Vo {ejH$m§n`ªV nmohmoMdÊ`mgmR>r à{ejUmMr na§namJV MmH$moar ~Xbmdr bmJob. dJm©V
Ano{jV AgUmè`m AÜ``Z à{H«$ò_Yrb ~Xbm§Zm AZwén Ago à{ejUmMo Xe©H$ (Training
Indicators) {ZpíMV H$amdo bmJVrb Am{U Ë`mZwgma à{ejU H$m`©H«$_m§Mo Am`moOZ H$amdo bmJob.
dJm©Vrb AÜ``ZmgmR>r dmnabo OmUmao gm{hË`, {VWo Ano{jV AgUmè`m H¥$Vr, AÜ``Z AZw^d Am{U
_yë`_mnZ nÕVr `m§Mm à{ejUmV g_mdoe H$amdm bmJob. VgoM Oo à{ejUmVyZ {Xbo Vo dJm©V dmnabo
OmVo qH$dm Zmhr ho Vnmgmdo bmJob. à{ejUmgmR>r Q>o{bH$m°Ý\$apÝg¨J, pìh{S>Amo H$m°Ý\$apÝg¨J `m~amo~aM
B§Q>aZoQ> gw{dYoMm dmna H$éZ H$m_ gwé AgVmZm {ejH$m§Zm Am°ZbmB©Z _mJ©Xe©ZmMr gw{dYm CnbãY H$éZ
XoVm òB©b. Ë`m_wio à{ejUmgmR>r bmJUmam doi, Ame`mMr hmoUmar hmZr Q>miVm òB©b.
1.3.13. d`moJQ>mZwgma àdoe KoVboë`m _wbm§Mo {ejU
{ejU hŠH$ H$m`XçmZo {dXçmÏ`mªZm d`moJQ>mZwgma B`ËVoV àdoe XoUo ~§YZH$maH$ Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m
{dXçmÏ`mªZm {deof {ejU XoÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar emgZ, emim d {ejH$m§da Amho.
d`moJQ>mZwgma (daÀ¶m B`ËVoV) àdoe KoVboë`m `m _wbm§Zm dJm©V BVa _wbm§H$Sy>Z d {ejH$m§H$Sy>Z
gÝ_mZmMr dmJUyH$ {_imdr `mgmR>r g§~§{YV {ejH$m§Zm _mJ©Xe©Z d à{ejU {Xbo Omdo.
d`moJQ>mZwgma àdoe KoD$Z Ë`m Ë`m B`ËVoV Zì`mZo Amboë`m _wbm§À`m OrdZmZw^dmbm d OrdZ-
H$m¡eë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m AÜ``Z à{H«$òV _hËËdmMo ñWmZ {Xbo Omdo.
d`moJQ>mZwgma emioVrb B`ËVoV XmIb hmoUmè`m _wbm§gmR>r {deof {ejUmMo nmR>çH«$_ AmIVmZm
Ë`m§Zm dmMZ, boIZ, J{UVmMo _yb^yV kmZ àmYmÝ`mZo na§Vw a§OH$ nÕVrZo Xçmdo Am{U Ë`m§À`m d`mbm Z
emoôem CnH«$_m§Mm g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV òD$ Zò. _mÌ, AmYrÀ`m gd© B`ËVm§Mr nmR>çnwñVHo$ Ë`m§Zm
dmMZmgmR>r CnbãY H$ê$Z Xçmdr.

1.3.14. {dXçmÏ`mªgmR>r g_wnXoeZ godm
X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmVrb Ymdni, nmbH$m§À`m Anojm§Mm VmU Am{U Aä`mgmVrb AS>MUr `m_wio
{dXçmÏ`mª_Üò Z¡amí` òÊ`mMo à_mU dmT>V Amho. Aem doir {dXçmÏ`mªZm `mo½` àH$mao _mJ©Xe©Z,
g_wnXoeZ CnbãY Pmbo Va AZoH$ AZW© Q>iy eH$VmV. VgoM {dXçmÏ`mªZm àoaUm {_iyZ Ë`m§Mr e¡j{UH$
àJVr hmoD$ eH$Vo. `mgmR>r àmW{‘H$ ñVamda {H$‘mZ H|$Ðemim nmVirda Am{U àË¶oH$ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ emioV
EImXçm à{e{jV AZw^dr {ejH$m§X²dmam àË`j dm XyaÜdZr godoX²dmao {dXçmÏ`mªZm g_wnXoeZ godm
CnbãY H$ê$Z Xçmdr.
1.3.15. gVVÀ`m ~Xbm§gmR>r {gX²YVm (g§ñWm§Mo gj_rH$aU d AmYw{ZH$sH$aU)
àmW{_H$ d _mÜ`{_H$ ñVam§darb amÁ`ñVar` g§ñWm§nwT>o dmT>Vr {dXçm{W©g§»`m, amÁ`mVrb
d¡{dÜ`nyU© gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$ n[apñWVr, ImOJr, amîQ´>r`, Am§VaamîQ´>r` g§ñWm§Zr C^r Ho$bobr ñnYm©
VgoM kmZ-V§ÌkmZmÀ`m joÌmV PnmQ>çmZo hmoUmao ~Xb Aer AZoH$ AmìhmZo C^r AmhoV, VgoM `mnwT>rb
H$mimVrb gd© e¡j{UH$ H$m`©H«$_ ho doJmZo d R>am{dH$ H$mb_`m©XoV nyU© H$amdo bmJUma AmhoV. `m gd©
H$gmoQ>çm§da CVaÊ`mgmR>r `m g§ñWm§Vrb JwUdËVmnyU© _Zwî`~i dmT>dUo, Ë`m§Zm doimodoir Img à{ejU
XoUo, Am{U `m g§ñWm§Mo gj_rH$aU d AmYw{ZH$sH$aU H$aUo An[ahm`© Amho.
1.3.16. à`moJerbVobm àmoËgmhZ
{ejUjoÌmV Ano{jV AgUmè`m Am_ybmJ« ~Xbm§Zm MmbZm d Mm§Jbr {Xem XoÊ`mgmR>r
à`moJerbVobm àmoËgmhZ XoUo JaOoMo Amho. Ago à`moJ hmVr KoÊ`mgmR>r emim§Zm àmoËgmhZ XoVm òB©b.
Ë`mM~amo~a amÁ`ñVar` g§ñWm§Zr embo` d H|$Ð nmVirdaMo, qH$dm ì`mnH$ à_mUmdarbhr e¡j{UH$ à`moJ
ñdV:hÿZ hmVr ¿`mdoV, d Ë`mZwgma Aä`mgH«$_mV ~Xb H$amdoV.
***

2. Aä¶mgH«$‘ {df¶H$ YmoaU
2.1 {eúmUmMr Ü¶o¶o/CX²{Xï>o/e¡j{UH$ ^y{‘H$m
amÁ¶ñVar¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 {ejUmMr Ü¶o¶o
emco¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘mÛmao gj‘, gwOmU Am{U gO©Zerc ZmJ[aH$ {Z‘m©U hmoÊ¶mgmR>r nwT>rc Ü¶o¶o
{ZpíMV H$aÊ¶mV Amcr AmhoV.
1. ^maVr¶ amÁ¶KQ>ZoVrc ‘mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo Am{U ‘yë¶o ñdV:À¶m dV©ZmV ~mUdUo.
2. ZdZdrZ kmZmMo ñdmJV H$éZ Ë¶mMo ì¶dñWmnZ H$aÊ¶mMr j‘Vm {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
3. OmJ{VH$ g‘m¶moOZmgmR>r Xoe H$arV Agcoë¶m à¶ËZm§Mr OmU {Z‘m©U H$aUo.Ë¶m g§X^m©V ¶mo½¶ Vr
g§doXZercVm Am{U H$m¡eë¶o {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
4. Amnë¶m amï´>mÀ¶m g‘¥Õ, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am{U gm‘m{OH$ dmaem§Mm A{^‘mZ {dH${gV H$aUo. Vmo H$aV
AgVmZmM Zì¶m ¶wJmVrc dmñVd g‘OyZ KoÊ¶mMr j‘Vm Am{U H$m¡eë¶o {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
5. ZmJ[aH$ åhUyZ Amnë¶m O~m~Xmè¶m Am{U CÎmaXm{¶Ëd nma nmS>Ê¶mMr d¥Îmr d j‘Vm {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
6. Amnco ì¶{³V‘ËËd {Za§Va {dH$gZerc Am{U gO©Zerc R>odÊ¶mMr j‘Vm {dH${gV H$aUo.
* {ejUmMr gd©gmYmaU CX²{Xï>o (B¶Îmm 1 cr Vo 12 dr )

1. 21 ì¶m eVH$mVrc {dÚmWu d ZmJ[aH$ ¶m ^y{‘H$m nma nmS>Ê¶mgmR>r {dÚmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ì¶{³V‘ËdmMm
gdmª{JU {dH$mg H$aUo.
2. kmZ¶wJmVrc ‘m{hVrMo òmoV emoYUo, {‘imcoë¶m ‘m{hVrMo ì¶dñWmnZ H$aUo Am{U gVV {eH$V
amhUo ¶mgmR>r Amdí¶H$ Agcoë¶m j‘Vm§Mm {dH$mg H$aUo.
3. amÁ¶, amï´> Am{U OJ ¶m ñVamda {Z‘m©U hmoUmè¶m g§Kfm©Mr H$maUo g‘OyZ KoÊ¶mMr VgoM
gm‘§Oñ¶mZo ho àíZ gmoS>{dÊ¶mÀ¶m nmR>r‘mJo I§~ranUo Cô amhÊ¶mMr d¥Îmr {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
4. ^maVr¶ amÁ¶KQ>ZoVrc ‘mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo Am{U ‘yë¶o g‘OyZ KoÊ¶mg VgoM dV©‘mZmV q~~{dÊ¶mg
‘XV H$aUo.
5. ì¶{³VJV OrdZmV VgoM Ka, g‘mO, emim, ¶oWo {Z‘m©U hmoUmao ‘VôX dm g§Kf© gm‘§Oñ¶mZo
gmoS>{dÊ¶mMr d¥Îmr {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
6. n¶m©daU g§dY©Z d g§ajU ¶m g§X^m©V {Z‘m©U Pmcoë¶m g‘ñ¶m Am{U Ë¶mdarc Cnm¶ H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m
à{H«$¶oV gh^mJr hmoÊ¶mgmR>r Amdí¶H$ Ë¶m gd¶tMm {dH$mg H$aUo.
7. ^maVr¶ gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am{U gm‘m{OH$ dmaemg§~§Yr AmË‘r¶Vm ~miJyZ AÝ¶ XoemVrc gm§ñH¥${VH$
dmaem§Mo ñdmJV H$aÊ¶mMr d¥Îmr {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
8. H$cm§Mm AmñdmX KoÊ¶mMr j‘Vm Am{U gm¢X¶©Ñï>r {dH${gV H$aUo.
9. VUmd{dahrV OrdZ OJÊ¶mgmR>r ¶mo½¶ Ë¶m d¥Îmr d j‘Vm {dH${gV H$aUo.
emco¶ {ejUmMr Ü¶o¶o gmÜ¶ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r àmW{‘H$ ñVamdarc {ejUmMr gd©gm‘mÝ¶ CX²{Xï>o :-
1. àmW{‘H$ ñVamda ‘mV¥^mfm Am{U B§J«Or ¶m§À¶m AÜ¶¶ZmVyZ ldU, ^mfU - g§^mfU, dmMZ,
coIZ hr ‘yc^yV H$m¡eë¶ {dH${gV H$aUo.
2. Cƒ àmW{‘H$ ñVamda ‘mV¥^mfoÀ¶m ‘yc^yV ^m{fH$ H$m¡eë¶m§Mm A{YH$ {dH$mg H$aUo. VgoM qhXr
Am{U B§J«Or ^mfm§‘Yrc ‘yc^yV H$m¡eë¶m§Mo ÑT>rH$aU H$aUo.
3. {ZarjU, VwcZm, dJuH$aU, à¶moJ H$aUo, {ZîH$f© H$mT>Uo d Ë¶m§Mo {ZdoXZ H$aUo ¶mgmaIr ‘yc^yV
d¡km{ZH$ H$m¡eë¶o {Z‘m©U H$aUo. VgoM d¡km{ZH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
4. {dÚmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶§o ‘m{hVr d g§àofU V§ÌkmZ {df¶H$ H$m¡eë¶o {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
5. ^maVr¶ gm§ñH¥${VH$ n§anam Am{U ^m¡Jmo{cH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d{dYVm ¶m§Mr AmoiI H$éZ XoUo.
6. gm‘m{OH$ h¸$ Am{U O~m~Xmè¶m ¶m§À¶m ~amo~aM ghH$m¶© Am{U g{hîUwVm ¶m§Mr OmUrd {Z‘m©U
H$aUo.
7. n¶m©daU g§dY©Z Am{U g§ajU H$aÊ¶mMr d¡¶{³VH$ d gm‘wXm{¶H$ O~m~Xmar A§Jr ~mU{dÊ¶mg ‘XV
H$aUo.
8. {dÚmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o {d{dY H$cmJwUm§Mr OmonmgZm H$aUo.
9. {dÚmÏ¶mªÀ¶m earag§nXoMm {dH$mg H$aUo VgoM emar[aH$ Amamo½¶{df¶H$ Mm§Jë¶m gd¶r cmdUo.
10. {dÚmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o l‘à{Vð>oMr OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
11. ì¶dgm¶m{^‘wIVm {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
12. {d{dY OrdZH$m¡eë¶o {dH${gV H$aUo.
13. àmXo{eH$Vm, A§YlÕm, cmoH$g§»¶mdmT>, àXþfU, XheVdmX, ^«ï>mMma B. g‘ñ¶m§Mr OmUrd H$éZ
XoUo.

‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejUmMr gd©gmYmaU CX²{Xïo :-
1. {ZarjU H$aUo, gmYå¶© emoYUo, CnnÎmr ‘m§S>Uo, AZw‘mZmÛmao {gÜXm§VmMr gË¶ - AgË¶Vm
nS>VmiUo B. j‘Vm {dH${gV H$aUo.
2. ‘m{hVr d g§àojU V§ÌkmZ {df¶H$ H$m¡eë¶o {dH${gV H$aUo.
3. ñd¶§amoOJma {‘iÊ¶mgmR>r Amdí¶H$ OrdZH$m¡eë¶o {dH${gV H$aUo.
4. n¶m©daU g§dY©Z d g§ajUm~m~V H¥$Vrerc H$aUo.
5. {dÚmÏ¶mªZm ñdmV§Í¶, Ý¶m¶, ~§YwVm VgoM ~hþ{dYVoMm AmXa H$aÊ¶mg àd¥Îm H$aUo.
6. {dÚmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o Z¡{VH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ CO}Mo g§dY©Z hmoD$Z ñdV§Ì {dMma H$aÊ¶mMr d gm‘m{OH$ ‘yë¶m§Zm
YmoH$m nmohmoM{dUmè¶m e³VtZm gm‘moao OmÊ¶mMr j‘Vm {dH${gV H$aUo.
7. ^yVH$mimÀ¶m OmUrdoVyZ dV©‘mZH$mimMo ^mZ {Z‘m©U H$aUo. Ë¶mÛmao ^{dî¶H$mimMm doY KoÊ¶mMr
j‘Vm {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
8. amï´>mg‘moarc gm‘m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ AmìhmZm§Mr AmoiI H$éZ XoUo.
9. ^maVr¶ g§ñH¥$VrÀ¶m ~cñWmZm§Mr AmoiI H$éZ XoUo.
10. OmJ{VH$sH$aU, ñWm{ZH$sH$aU, ImOJrH$aU, Am{U AmYw{ZH$sH$aU ¶m§Mm ‘oi KmcyZ
nañnamdc§~ZmMr OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
11. gmd©O{ZH$ ‘mc‘Îmm d gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmagm aúmUmMr OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
12. g‘mOmVrc Xþ~©c KQ>H$m§À¶m Am{U ‘{hcm§À¶m g~crH$aUmÀ¶m Amdí¶H$VoMr OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo.
13. {d{dYVoVyZ EH$Vm, gd©Y‘©g‘^md, gm‘m{OH$ gwg§dmX Am{U g‘Vm B. ‘yë¶o A§Jr ~mU{dÊ¶mg
‘XV H$aUo.
14. Z¡g{J©H$ gmYZ g§nÎmrMm {dH$mg H$éZ Vr gm‘§Oñ¶mZo gm‘mB©H$arË¶m dmnaÊ¶m~m~V OmJ¥Vr {Z‘m©U
H$aUo.

2.2 {df¶ ¶moOZm (àmW{‘H$,‘mÜ¶{‘H$, Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVa)
gÚpñWVr
àmW{‘H$ (B. 1 br Vo B. 8 dr)
àmW{‘H$ ñVamdarb ~hþVoH$ gd© {df¶ A{Zdm¶© ñdê$nmMo AmhoV. VWm{n B¶Îmm AmR>dr‘Ü¶o
g§nyU©/g§¶wº$ ^mfm nmR>çH«$‘m§V {ZdS>rbm dmd Amho. Ë¶mMà‘mUo H$m¶m©Zw^d {df¶m§Vhr B¶Îmmdma
nmR>çH«$‘ H$mhr ^mJ A{Zdm¶© Agbm Var H$mhr ^mJ joÌ{Zhm¶ CnH«$‘m§Mm AgyZ Ë¶mV {ZdS>rbm
ânya dmd Amho. àmW{‘H$ ñVamdarb àM{bV ¶moOZm nwT>rbà‘mUo Amho.
B¶Îmm n{hbr d Xþgar :
1. àW‘ ^mfm (‘amR>r/B§J«Or/qhXr/CXÿ©/JwOamVr/VobwJw/qgYr/H$ÞS> B.)
2. A{Zdm¶© B§J«Or ({~Ja B§J«Or ‘mÜ¶‘m§À¶m emim§gmR>r)
3. A{Zdm¶© ‘amR>r ({~Ja ‘amR>r ‘mÜ¶‘m§À¶m emim§gmR>r)
4. n[aga Aä¶mg ({dkmZm§VJ©V)
5. J{UV
6. H$bm
7. H$m¶m©Zw^d
8. Amamo½¶ d emar[aH$ {ejU
B¶Îmm {Vgar d Mm¡Wr :
1. àW‘ ^mfm (‘amR>r/B§J«Or/qhXr/CXÿ©/JwOamVr/VobwJw/qgYr/H$ÞS> B.)
2. A{Zdm¶© B§J«Or ({~Ja B§J«Or ‘mÜ¶‘m§À¶m emim§gmR>r)
3. A{Zdm¶© ‘amR>r ({~Ja ‘amR>r ‘mÜ¶‘m§À¶m emim§gmR>r)
4. B{Vhmg d ZmJ[aH$emó
5. ^yJmob
6. {dkmZ
7. J{UV
8. H$bm
9. H$m¶m©Zw^d
B¶Îmm nmMdr d gmVdr :
1. àW‘ ^mfm
2. A{Zdm¶© B§J«Or
3. A{Zdm¶© ‘amR>r
4. A{Zdm¶© qhXr

g§¶wº$ Aä¶mgH«$‘ : AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr¶ ^mfm (g§nyU© VgoM g§¶wº$ Aä¶mgH«$‘)
5. J{UV
6. {dkmZ
7. B{Vhmg, ZmJ[aH$emó
8. ^yJmob
9. H$bm
10. H$m¶m©Zw^d
B¶Îmm nmMdr d gmVdr :
1. àW‘ ^mfm
2. A{Zdm¶© B§J«Or
3. A{Zdm¶© ‘amR>r
4. A{Zdm¶© qhXr
g§¶wº$ Aä¶mgH«$‘ : (A) AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr¶ ^mfm (~) A{ÔmV d naH$s¶ ^mfm
(g§nyU© VgoM g§¶wº$ Aä¶mgH«$‘)
5. ^yJmob
6. {dkmZ
7. J{UV
8. H$bm
9. H$m¶m©Zw^d
‘mÜ¶{‘H$ (B. 9 dr d B. 10 dr)

(A) ~mø‘yë¶‘mnZmMo {df¶
1. Ìr ^mfm gyÌ (boIr Am{U Vm|S>r narjm)
2. {dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZ (boIr Am{U àmË¶{jH$ narjm)
{dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZ ^mJ-1
{dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZ ^mJ-2
3. J{UV (boIr narjm Am{U A§VJ©V ‘yë¶‘mnZ)
1. ~rOJ{UV 2. ^y{‘Vr
qH$dm
gm‘mÝ¶ J{UV ^mJ- 1 d 2
4. gm‘{OH$ emóo
^mJ-1 - B{Vhmg + ZmJ[aH$emó
^mJ-2 - ^yJmob + AW©emó

(~) embo¶ ñVamdarb loUrMo {df¶
5. ì¶{º$‘Îd {dH$mg
6. n¶m©daU {ejU
8. H$m¶m©Zw^d d nyd© ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {df¶
9. EZ.gr.gr. (B. 9 dr) g‘mO godm, ñH$mD$Q> Am{U JmBS>, ZmJar g§ajU d añVm gwajm
(Ama.Eg.nr.), E‘.gr.gr., ì¶dgm¶ ‘mJ©Xe©Z
10. àH$ën
n¶m©daU {df¶mV 40 JwUm§gmR>r A{Zdm¶© Va BVa {df¶mVrb àH$ën d¡H$pënH$ ñdê$nmV d
gamdmgmR>r
11. àW‘ ^mfm ñVamdarb XmoZ ^mfm§Mr gmo¶ B§J«Or ‘mÜ¶‘mÀ¶m emioV ‘amR>r àW‘ ^mfm Va ‘amR>r
‘mÜ¶‘mÀ¶m emioV B§J«Or àW‘ ^mfm Aem XmoZ àW‘ ^mfm {eH$Ê¶mMr gmo¶.
12. ‘amR>r ‘mÜ¶‘mVrb emim§‘Ü¶o AmYw{ZH$ naH$s¶ ^mfm {eH$Ê¶mMr gmo¶.
Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ - (B. 11 dr d B. 12 dr)

1. A{Zdm¶© {df¶
B§J«Or
2. {ÛVr¶ ^mfm
AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr¶ Am{U AmYw{ZH$ naH$s¶ ^mfm, A{ÔmV ^maVr¶ ^mfm ¶m‘YyZ EH$.
‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ hm 200 JwUm§Mm {df¶ ~m¶’$moH$b ‘Ü¶o {ZdS>ë¶mg ¶m {df¶mV gyQ> Amho.
3. n¶m©daU {ejU
H$bm, dm{UÁ¶ Am{U V§ÌkmZ ¶m emI§m{Zhm¶ H$moUVohr {df¶ - OyZ 2009 nmgyZ B. 11 dr
À¶m ñVamda "B§p½be gm{hË¶' hm {df¶ {dH$ën åhUyZ KoÊ¶mMr gmo¶ Ho$br Amho.
4. d¡H$pënH$ {df¶ = EHy$U 4 {df¶m§Mr {ZdS> (EHy$U H$bm, emó, {dkmZ ¶m emIm§‘Ü¶o 45
{df¶m§Mo {dH$ën)
5. {H$‘mZ H$m¡eë¶mda AmYmarV Aä¶mgH«$‘
XmoZ ^mfm
OZab ’$mD§$S>oeZ
{H$‘mZ H$m¡eë¶mdarb ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {df¶ (3 {df¶m§Mr {ZdS> EHy$U 30 {df¶mVyZ)
 OnmZr ¶m ^mfoMm Zì¶mZo g‘mdoe
 gm‘mÝ¶kmZ hm 100 JwUm§Mm {df¶ g¡{ZH$s emim§‘Yrb {dÚmÏ¶mªZm A{Zdm¶©
 J{UV, emó Am{U ^yJmob {df¶mVyZ àmË¶{jH$ A{Zdm¶©
 n¶m©daU {df¶mV àH$ën A{Zdm¶© Va BVa {df¶m§‘YyZ d¡H$pënH$ Am{U gamdmgmR>r
 EHy$U {df¶ - 143
AmìhmZo
1. àË¶oH$ {df¶m§Mr ì¶már {Xdg§o{Xdg dmT>Vo Amho. ZdrZ kmZmMr Am{U ‘m{hVrMr â nS>Vo Amho.
Ë¶mMr XIb KoD$Z H$mb~mø g§X^© dJiUo.
2. Zì¶m ¶wJmV g‘mOmÀ¶m EHy$UM JaOm Am{U Anojm ~Xbë¶m AmhoV. {df¶ d¡H$pënH$ H$amdoV
qH$dm Ë¶m§Mm ^mam§e H$‘r H$amdm Ago dmQy> bmJbo Amho. gº$sÀ¶m Am{U d¡H$pënH$ {df¶mMm
g‘Vmob amIUo ho EH$ AmìhmZ Amho. {dÚmÏ¶mªÀ¶mVrb ~hþAm¶m‘r kmZ nmVir (Multiple
Intelligence level) {dMmamV KoD$Z Ë¶m§Zm Ë¶m§À¶m AmdS>rMo {df¶ {ZdS>Ê¶mMr ‘w^m XoUo hr
Amdí¶H$ Amho.
3. ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda àË¶oH$ {dÚmemIoV A§VJ©V {d{dY nmR>çH«$‘§mMo n¶m©¶ CnbãY
H$ê$Z XoUo.
4. {df¶ ¶moOZm R>adV AgVmZm ¶oUmè¶m àemgH$s¶ AS>MUr d g§^mì¶ YmoHo$ nobUo.
5. amÁ¶ ‘§S>imÀ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr VwbZm BVa amÁ¶ ‘§S>imÀ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mer H$aVmZm amï´>r¶ ñVamda
g‘mZVm amIÊ¶mgmR>r H$m¶ d¡{eð>nyU© ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUmdo bmJVrb ho AmìhmZM Amho.
6. {ejU h¸$mÀ¶m H$m¶ÚmV CƒàmW{‘H$ ñVamda nXdrYa {ejH$ XoÊ¶mMr VaVyX Agë¶mZo ‘mÜ¶{‘H$
ñVamda nXì¶wÎma, nXdrYmaH$ {ejH$ XoUo ho EH$ AmìhmZ Amho.
7. g§JUH$ Am{U ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ ¶mMm {ejUmVrb dmT>Vm {eaH$md nhmVm {df¶¶moOZoV ¶m Amdí¶H$
H$m¡eë¶mMm g‘mdoe An[ahm¶© H$gm H$aVm ¶oB©b ho nhmdo bmJob.
{e’$maer
1. {dÚmÏ¶mªZm ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamnmgyZ OmñVrV OmñV {df¶m§H$[aVm n¶m©¶/{dH$ën dmT>dyZ Úmdo.
2. {df¶ {ZdS>r~m~V bd{MH$Vm AmUmdr.
3. à‘wI {df¶m§gmR>r {d{dY JaOm d A§Jo bjmV KoD$Z V¶ma Ho$bobo {d{dY nmR>çH«$‘ CnbãY
AgmdoV.
4. OrdZ Am{U {df¶mVrb Ame¶ ¶m§Mr OmoS> dmT>Vr Agmdr.
5. àË¶oH$ {df¶m§À¶m ì¶már Am{U ‘¶m©XoMm gmVË¶mZo {dMma Ho$bm Omdm.
6. {ZdS>bobm {df¶ {dÚmÏ¶mªZm ^mdr OrdZm{df¶r H$moUVo H$m¡eë¶ àmá H$ê$Z XoD$ eH$Vmo ¶mMr
OmUrd {dÚmÏ¶mªZm H$ê$Z XoVm ¶mdr.
7. àË¶oH$ {df¶mgmR>r JwUm§Mm ^mam§e d AÜ¶¶Z H$mbmdYr Ë¶m {df¶mÀ¶m Ame¶mZwgma R>admdm.
8. {df¶ ¶moOZoV Vm|S>r, àmË¶{jH$ ¶m§Mr Amdí¶H$Vm, ñdê$n, JwUmË‘H$ ^mam§e, ‘yë¶‘mnZmMo ñdê$n
R>admdo. Ë¶mV {df¶m§VJ©V g‘mZVm Agmdr.
9. Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda emIm {Zhm¶ {df¶m§‘Ü¶o bd{MH$Vm dmT>dyZ, {dÚmÏ¶mªZm {df¶ {ZdS>rMo
ñdmV§Í¶ Úmdo.
10. ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ Am{U Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamZ§Va CnbãY {df¶ ¶moOZo{df¶rMr OmUrd {dÚmÏ¶mªZm H$ê$Z
XoÊ¶m {df¶rMo g‘wnXoeZmMo H$m¶©H«$‘ emim§‘YyZ KoUo gº$sMo H$amdo.

11. Cƒ àmW{‘H$ ñVamnmgyZ {dÚmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ^md{ZH$ {dH$mgmgmR>r AmñdmXmMm {df¶ åhUyZ "H$bm
Am{U agmñdmX' ¶mgmaIm nm¶m^yV {df¶ gwê$ H$amdm.
12. CÀM ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda emIm{Zhm¶ {df¶m§Mr {d^mJUrMm nwZ©{dMma ìhmdm.
13. Cn¶moOrV nmR>çH«$‘ CnbãY H$ê$Z ÚmdoV.
14. H$bm, H«$sS>m H$m¡eë¶o {dH${gV H$aÊ¶mgmR>r {deof à¶ËZ H$amdoV.
15. Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda JaOm{Y{ð>V ì¶dgm¶m{^‘wI Am{U H$m¶©OJVmer WoQ> g§~§{YV nmR>çH«$‘
CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ¶m~m~V {dMma ìhmdm. nmR>çH«$‘m§Mo ‘yë¶‘mnZ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ g§ñWm§À¶m ghH$m¶m©Zo
H$amdo.
{df¶ ¶moOZoVrb àñVm{dV ~Xb :

àmW{‘H$ ñVa :
1. àmW{‘H$ ñVamda B¶Îmm n{hbr, XþgarV "n[aga Aä¶mg' hm {df¶ {dkmZ, B{Vhmg,
ZmJ[aH$emó d ^yJmob (Z¡g{J©H$ d gm‘m{OH$ emóo) ¶m gd© {df¶m§Mr EH${ÌV nyd©V¶mar
H$aUmam Agmdm. hm {df¶ ^mfm {df¶mÀ¶m nmR>çH«$‘mVyZ EH$mpË‘H$ arVrZo {eH$dbm Omdm.
2. B¶Îmm {Vgar Vo AmR>dr ¶m ñVamda {dkmZ, B{Vhmg, ^yJmob d ZmJ[aH$emó ¶m {df¶m§Mm
g‘mdoe "n[aga Aä¶mg' ¶m {df¶m§VJ©V H$amdm. ¶m gd© {df¶m§V n[aga Aä¶mg Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ
H$mhr g‘mZ gyÌm§Mm OmUrdnyd©H$ g‘mdoe H$amdm. Ame¶mMo AmoPo H$‘r H$amdo. Ë¶m‘wio
‘m{hVrMm ^ma H$‘r hmoD$Z Ñï>r, {dMma d H$m¡eë¶o ¶mÀ¶m {dH$mgmda â XoUo e³¶ hmoB©b.
3. n{hbrnmgyZ ‘amR>r d B§J«Or ^mfm {df¶ A{Zdm¶© R>odÊ¶m~m~VMo gÜ¶mMo YmoaU nwT>o Mmby
R>odmdo.
4. ^mfm {df¶mMm {Vgam g§nyU©/g§¶w³V nmR>çH«$‘ B¶Îmm nmMdrEodOr B¶Îmm ghmdrnmgyZ gwê$
H$aÊ¶m~m~V {dMma ìhmdm. ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda CBSE À¶m YVuda V¥Vr¶ ^mfm {df¶mMm
g‘mdoe d¡H$pënH$ JQ>mV H$aÊ¶m~m~V {dMma ìhmdm.
5. Cƒ àmW{‘H$ ñVamda qhXr g§¶wº$ nmR>çH«$‘ hm B§J«Or ‘mÜ¶‘mgmR>r CnbãY Amho. VgoM CXÿ©,
JwOamVr, VobwJw, H$ÞS>, qgYr B. ‘mÜ¶‘m§Vhr KoÊ¶mV ¶oVmo. ‘amR>r ‘mÜ¶‘mgmR>rhr hm nmR>çH«$‘
d¡H$pënH$ ñdê$nmV CnbãY ìhmdm. Ë¶mM~aom~a àM{bV nÕVrà‘mUo g§nyU© nmR>çH«$‘hr CnbãY
ìhmdm n§aVw Vmo d¡H$pënH$ ñdê$nmV Agmdm. (qhXr ^mfm g§nyU©/g§¶wº$ ¶mn¡H$s EH$ nmR>çH«$‘
A{Zdm¶© Agmdm.)
6. B¶Îmm ghmdr‘Ü¶o qhXr g§¶wº$ nmR>çH«$‘m~amo~a AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr¶ ^mfm§à‘mUoM A{ÔmV d
naH$s¶ ^mfm nmR>¶H«$‘ CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ¶mMm {dMma ìhmdm. A{ÔmV, naH$s¶ VgoM
AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr¶ ^mfm§Mo ho nmR>çH«$‘ B¶Îmm ghmdr Vo ~mamdrn¶ªV gbJ d loUr~ÜX AgmdoV.

‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$$ ñVa :
1. ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda ‘m{hVr d V§ÌkmZ H$m¡eë¶ ¶m {df¶mMm g‘mdoe. (‘mÜ¶{‘H$
ñVamda H$m¶m©Zw^d {df¶mV 50% Va ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ H$m¡eë¶ 50%)
2. "¶moJ' {df¶m§Mm emar[aH$ {ejU {df¶mg n¶m©¶ CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ¶m~m~V {dMma ìhmdm.
3. H$bm AmñdmX (‘yë¶‘mnZ ZgUmam)¶m {df¶mMm A{Zdm¶© åhUyZ g‘mdoe.
4. n¶m©daU {df¶ ñdV§Ì Z R>odVm gd©M {df¶m§VyZ n¶m©daU g§~§{YV ~m~tMm A§V^m©d H$aÊ¶m~m~V
Ý¶m¶mb¶rZ {ZU©¶mMm g§X^© KoD$Z {dMma ìhmdm.
5. Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda d¡H$pënH$ ^mfm JQ>mV ‘amR>rÀ¶m ~mobr ^mfm§Mo nmR>çH«$‘ CnbãY H$ê$Z
ÚmdoV.
***

2.3 {df¶{Zhm¶ YmoaUmË‘H$ {e’$maer
^mfm -
1. ‘mo’$V d gº$sÀ¶m {eúmUmÀ¶m H$m¶ÚmÀ¶m AZwf§JmZo ‘amR>rÀ¶m ~mocr^mfm d nmoQ>^mfm ~mocUmè¶m
‘wcm§À¶m KamVrc ^mfocm {deofV: àmW{‘H$ ñVamda dJ©-AÜ¶mnZmV d doimnÌH$mV ñWmZ Úmdo.
2. B§J«Or (d ‘amR>r) ‘mÜ¶‘mÀ¶m emim§V ‘mÜ¶‘ ^mfoIoarO BVa ‘mV¥^mfm AgUmè¶m ‘wcm§À¶m
‘mV¥^mfocm {deofV: àmW{‘H$ ñVamda dJ©-AÜ¶mnZmV d doimnÌH$mV ñWmZ Úmdo.
3. {~Ja B§J«Or ‘mÜ¶‘mVrc „go‘r-B§p½ce‟ À¶m YVuda B§J«Or ‘mÜ¶‘mVhr gm‘m{OH$ emóo, H$cm ho
{df¶ ‘amR>rVyZ {eH$Ê¶mMr VaVyX Agmdr.
4. Cƒ àmW{‘H$, ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda ^mfm {df¶ ¶moOZoVrc cd{MH$Vm d d¡{dÜ¶ hr
gÜ¶mMr d¡{eîQ>ço H$m¶‘ R>odmdr.
5. B§J«Or ‘mÜ¶‘mVrc BVa ^mfH$ {dÚmÏ¶mªH$aVm B¶Îmm nmMdrnmgyZ ñdV:Mr ‘mV¥^mfm EopÀN>H$
ñdê$nmV {eH$Ê¶mMr gmo¶ Amho (qhXrgh g§¶wº$ nmR>çH«$‘). AerM gmo¶ ‘amR>r ‘mÜ¶‘mVrc
{dÚmÏ¶mªZm B¶Îmm ghmdrnmgyZ (Cƒ àmW{‘H$ ñVa) CncãY H$ê$Z Úmdr.
6. ‘amR>r ‘mÜ¶‘mÀ¶m emim§V CXÿ©, JwOamVr, H$ÞS> BË¶mXr AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr¶ ^mfm {eH$Ê¶mMr gmo¶
B¶Îmm ghmdrnmgyZ EopÀN>H$ ñdê$nmV gd© {dÚmÏ¶mªgmR>r CncãY H$ê$Z Úmdr. (qhXrgh g§¶wº$
nmR>çH«$‘ Ogo CXÿ©-qhXr, JwOamVr-qhXr)
7. d¶moJQ>mZwgma Ë¶m Ë¶m ñVamdarc {dÚmÏ¶mªZr ghOnUo Am{U AmË‘{dídmgmZo Ë¶m Ë¶m ^mfoVyZ
A{^ì¶º$s H$amdr AemàH$maMr ¶moOZm Aä¶mgH«$‘mV Am{U Ë¶m Ñï>rZo Cn¶wº$ ‘m§S>Ur
nmR>çnwñVH$mV Agmdr. OrdZ H$m¡eë¶o d ‘yë¶g§ñH$ma ¶m§Zm ^mfoÀ¶m AÜ¶¶Z AÜ¶mnZmV ‘hÎdmMo
ñWmZ Agmdo.
8. Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda ^mfm {df¶mgmR>r Cn¶mo{OV ‘amR>r à‘mUoM qhXr, B§J«Or ¶mgma»¶m ^mfm§Mo
Cn¶mo{OV Aä¶mgH«$‘ gwê$ H$amdoV.
9. ldU g§^mfU ¶m H$m¡eë¶m§Zmhr ^mfoÀ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mV ‘hÎd Úmdo.
J{UV -
1. J{UV {df¶ àmW{‘H$ d ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda A{Zdm¶© Agmdm. Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda d¡H$pënH$
Agmdm.
2. J{UV {df¶mMm Aä¶mgH«$‘ V¶ma H$aVmZm gd© B¶Îmm§À¶m nmR>çH«$‘mV gcJVm d gwg§JVr gmYcr
Omdr.

3. ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda gÚpñWVrà‘mUo J{UV {df¶mcm gm‘mÝ¶ J{UV {df¶mMm {dH$ën R>odmdm.
4. àmW{‘H$ ñVamda J{UV {df¶mMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ àm¶mo{JH$, ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda g¡Õm§{VH$ d Cn¶mo{OV
Agmdm. Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda g¡Õm§{VH$ Cn¶mo{OV VgoM A{YH$ à‘mUmV A‘yV©H$S>o OmUmam
Agmdm.
5. {dÚmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o ~hþ{Xe² {dMma nÜXVr (divergent thinking) {dH${gV hmoB©c Aem àH$maMr
Ame¶mMr ‘m§S>Ur> H$amdr.
6. J{UVmVrc {MÝho, g§Ho$V, n[a^mfm, ì¶m»¶m ¶m§À¶m‘Ü¶o gd© ñVamda EH$gyÌrnUm Agmdm.
7. nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mr ^mfm ‘wcm§er g§dmX gmYUmar Agmdr.
8. {dÚmÏ¶mªMr gd© CÎmao ñdrH$mê$Z Ë¶m§À¶m à{VgmXmMm H$m¶©H$maU^md, H$maU{‘‘m§gm nmhÿZ dJuH$aU
H$ê$Z Ë¶mda MMm© ìhmdr.
9. Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda J{UV {df¶mÀ¶m gImob AÜ¶¶ZmgmR>r N>moQ>çm JQ>m§Vrb H¥${V¶wº$ CnH«$‘m§Mr
VaVyX Agmdr.
{dkmZ -
1. Aä¶mgH«$‘ - NCF 2005 À¶m {e’$maerZwgma ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamn¶ªV EH$mpË‘H$ Agmdm. ¶mV
^m¡{VH$emó, agm¶Zemó, Ordemó Agmdo.
2. ^maV hm H¥${fàYmZ Xoe Amho ho {dMmamV KoDZ B¶Îmm 5dr Vo 8dr ‘Ü¶o H¥${f{df¶H$ KQ>H$m§Mm
g‘mdoe Agmdm. ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamdahr H¥${f{dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZ ¶m {df¶mVrc d¶moJQ>mZwê$n KQ>H$
g‘m{dï> H$amdoV. B¶Îmm 11 dr d 12 dr gmR>r H¥${f{dkmZ hm ñdV§Ì d¡H$pënH$ {df¶ CncãY
ìhmdm.
3. Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamdarb {Ûbú¶r d {H$‘mZ H$m¡eë¶m§da AmYm[aV nmR>çH«$‘ ¶mo½¶ ~Xbm§gh
d¡H$pënH$ {df¶JQ>mV CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ¶m~m~V {dMma ìhmdm.
4. {dkmZ {df¶mMo nmR>çH«$‘ d nmR>çnwñVHo$ H¥${V¶wº$, à¶moJerb d emoYH$ d¥Îmrbm MmbZm XoUmar
Agmdr. ¶mVyZ {ZarjU, g§H$bZ, {díbofU, AZw‘mZ B. H$m¡eë¶m§Mm OmUrdnyd©H$ {dH$mg H$aÊ¶mda
â Agmdm.
5. AÜ¶¶Zm‘Ü¶o ‘m{hVr d g§àofU V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$aÊ¶mV ¶mdm.
6. {dkmZ {df¶mMo AÜ¶¶Z d¶moJQ>mcm AZwgê$Z dJm©~mhoa {ZgJm©V Am{U à¶moJemioV hmoÊ¶m~m~VMr
VaVyX Aä¶mgH«$‘mV H$amdr.

gm‘{OH$ emóo -
1. $B¶Îmm ZddrnmgyZ ZmJ[aH$emó ¶m {df¶mMm “ZmJ[aH$emó' Agm C„oI Z H$aVm amÁ¶emó Agm
C„oI H$amdm.gd© ñVam§da d gd© {df¶m§‘Ü¶o g‘Ýd¶ gmYyZ nm[a^m{fH$ g§km g‘mZ amhVrc ¶mMr
XjVm ¿¶mdr.
2. Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda gm‘m{OH$ emóm§À¶m Aä¶mgmV Cn¶mo{OV Ñ{ï>H$moZ AmUmdm. Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr
gm§JS> ì¶mdgm{¶H$ H$m¡eë¶mer Kmcmdr.
3. ¶m {df¶m§À¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mVyZ Ho$di ânya ‘m{hVr XoÊ¶mEodOr B{VhmgmH$S>o nmhÊ¶mMr Ñï>r Am{U
^m¡Jmo{cH$ {dMma Am{U VÎdo ¶m§Mm Cn¶moJ H$aÊ¶mMo H$m¡eë¶ {dH${gV hmoÊ¶mÀ¶m Ñï>r>Zo AÜ¶¶Z
AZw^dm§Mr ¶moOZm H$amdr.
4. Aä¶mgH«$‘mVrc nwZamd¥Îmr d nm[a^m{fH$ g§kmVrc {d{dYVm (’$aH$) Q>miÊ¶mgmR>r àmW{‘H$
ñVamnmgyZ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamn¶ªV Aä¶mgH«$‘ V¶ma H$aVmZm {dkmZ, gm‘m{OH$ emóo, n¶m©daU ¶m
Aä¶mgJQ>mer EH${ÌV g‘Ýd¶ d {dMma hmoUo AË¶§V Amdí¶H$ Amho.
5. B{Vhmg {df¶mV àmW{‘H$ ñVamda ^yVH$mi Vo dV©‘mZH$mi Aer Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr aMZm Agmdr.
¶mÀ¶mM OmoS>rcm {Oëhm, amÁ¶, Xoe d OJ Aer Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr aMZm Agmdr. ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ
‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda Zdo àdmh, dV©‘mZmMr gImoc OmUrd ìhmdr. Aä¶mgH«$‘ Cn¶mo{OV Agmdm.
6. Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr aMZm d nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mo coIZ àH$ënnyaH$ Agmdo. àmW{‘H$ Vo Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$
ñVamn¶ªV {dÚmÏ¶m©cm ñd¶§AÜ¶¶Zmg àd¥Îm H$aUmam Aä¶mgH«$‘ Agmdm.
7. ^yJmoc {df¶mV àmW{‘H$ ñVamda {Oëhm, amÁ¶, Xoe d I§S> (OJ) Aer Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr aMZm
Agmdr. Va ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda amÁ¶, Xoe d OJ ¶m H«$‘mZo Ë¶m§Mm gImoc
Aä¶mg hmoB©c Aer Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr aMZm Agmdr.
8. ^yJmoc d ZmJ[aH$emó {df¶mVyZ AW©emómg§X^m©Vrc {dÚmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ñVamcm ¶mo½¶ hmoVrc Aem
g§H$ënZm§Mm g‘mdoe àmW{‘H$ ñVamda H$aÊ¶mV ¶mdm.
H$cm -
1. H$co‘wio ‘mZdr OrdZ g‘¥ÜX hmoVo ho {dMmamV KoDZ Aä¶mgH«$‘mV Am{U Ë¶mÀ¶m H$m¶©dmhrV H$cm
{df¶mcm {deof ‘hÎd Úmdo.
2. H$cm Aä¶mgH«$‘ H$mhr {R>H$mUr d¶moJQ>mcm AZwgê$Z d {dH$mgmÀ¶m Q>ßß¶m§Zm AZwgê$Z Zmhr d
H$mhr {R>H$mUr p³cï> dmQ>Vmo. Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr nwZa©MZm H$aVmZm ‘wcm§Mm d¶moJQ>, Ë¶m§Mr AmdS>
{dMmamV ¿¶mdr.
3. H$moUË¶mhr n[apñWVrV H$coÀ¶m Vm{gH$m BVa {df¶m§gmR>r dmnaë¶m OmD Z¶oV.
4. BVa {df¶m§À¶m AÜ¶mnZmV H$cm {df¶mMm g‘dm¶ (Co-relation) gmYcm Omdm.
5. ~XcË¶m H$mimZwgma AmJm‘r H$mimV A{ÔmVH$cm úmoÌmì¶{V[aº$ Om{hamV, A°{Z‘oeZ, CÚmoJúmoÌ
¶mVhr H$cm {df¶mVrc à{e{úmV ‘Zwî¶~imMr ‘moR>r JaO cmJUma Agë¶mZo B¶Îmm 11 dr d 12
dr ¶m ñVamda Cn¶mo{OV “H$cm” {df¶mMm A§V^m©d H$amdm.
6. EImÚm H$co‘Ü¶o EImÚm {dÚmÏ¶m©g {deof JVr AmT>ië¶mg Ë¶mcm Ë¶m H$coVrc VÁk ì¶º$sH$Sy>Z
‘mJ©Xe©Z {‘iÊ¶mMr gw{dYm CncãY Agmdr.
H$m¶m©Zw^d -
1. 21 ì¶m eVH$mVrc {dÚmÏ¶mªÀ¶m (g‘mOmÀ¶m) JaOm cúmmV KoD$Z H$m¶m©Zw^d {df¶mMm Aä¶mgH«$‘
{dH${gV H$amdm.
2. H$m¶m©Zw^d {df¶mÀ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mVrc KQ>H$m§Mr ‘m§S>Ur d¶moJQ>mZwê$n H$ê$Z AmoPo H$‘r H$amdo.
gcJVoÀ¶m Ñï>rZo EH$m KQ>H$mMm Aä¶mgH«$‘ VwQ>H$ ñdê$nmV AZoH$ B¶Îmm§‘Ü¶o {d^mJyZ XoD$ Z¶o.
3. H¥${VH|$Ðr {eúmU ¶m g§H$ënZoda â XoÊ¶mV ¶mdm.
4. {eúmH$m§gmR>r H$m¶m©Zw^d {df¶mH$aVm B¶Îmm{Zhm¶, CnH«$‘{Zhm¶ ñdV§Ì hñVnwpñVH$m/‘mJ©Xe©H$
gm{hË¶, grS>rO² Agmì¶mV.
emar[aH$ {eúmU -
1. emar[aH$ {eúmU d Amamo½¶ ¶m {df¶mMm Aä¶mgH«$‘ Ë¶m Ë¶m d¶moJQ>mZwê$n {dÚmÏ¶mªZm AmdS>oc d
Ponoc Agm Agmdm.
2. embo¶ {ejUmÀ¶m AIoarg {dÚmWu {H$‘mZ EH$m H«$sS>màH$mamV àm{dÊ¶ àmá H$aob Ago
Aä¶mgH«$‘mMo {Z¶moOZ Agmdo.
3. B¶Îmm n{hcr Vo ~mamdr emar[aH$ {eúmUmÀ¶m à^mdr A§‘c~OmdUrgmR>r H«$sS>m à~mo{YZr d VÁk
‘mJ©Xe©H$ ¶m§Mo ZoQ>d{Hª$J H$amdo. Ë¶m§Mo ‘mJ©Xe©Z n[hcr Vo AmR>dr Eg.gr.B©.Ama.Q>r. ‘m’©$V Va
Zddr Vo ~mamdr Eg.Eg.gr. ~moS>m©‘m’©$V (amÁ¶ ‘§S>imV’}$) CncãY H$ê$Z Úmdo.
4. B¶Îmm Xhmdrn¶ªV {dÚmÏ¶mªMr dm{f©H$ d¡ÚH$s¶ VnmgUr ìhmdr. Ë¶mgmR>r d¡¶{º$H$ Zm|XVºo$ AgmdoV
d {ZYr CncãY ìhmdm.
5. B¶Îmm{Zhm¶ nmR>çH«$‘mda AmYm[aV CnH«$‘m§Mr gr.S>r. d ìhr.gr.S>r. Agmdr.
6. {eúmUmMm h¸$ A{Y{Z¶‘m‘Ü¶o {Xë¶mà‘mUo àË¶oH$ emiocm ‘¡XmZ CncãY ìhmdo Aer VaVyX
H$amdr.

gd©gmYmaU {e’$maer -
1. Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr Am{U nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mr aMZm kmZaMZmdmXr AÜ¶¶Zmg AZwHy$c Agmdr.
2. nmR>çnwñVH$m§gmo~VM ñd¶§-AÜ¶¶Z nwpñVH$m d BVa gm{hË¶ {dH${gV H$ê$Z nmR>çnwñVH$ ‘§S>imZo Vo
EH$ g§M åhmUyZ CncãY H$ê$Z Úmdo.
3. kmZaMZmdmXr AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶m, Ë¶mgmR>r Aä¶mgH«$‘ Am{U nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mm C{MV dmna H$ê$Z
dJm©V {eH$Ê¶mgmR>r AZwHy$c dmVmdaU {Z{‘©Vr~m~V {eúmH$m§Mo CX²~moYZ ìhmdo.
4. àË¶oH$ {df¶mÀ¶m AÜ¶¶ZmgmR>r dJm©V ICT Mm dmna H$amdm.
5. ~mcH$m§Mm ‘mo’$V d gº$sÀ¶m {eúmUmÀ¶m A{Y{Z¶‘mZwgma àË¶oH$ {df¶mÀ¶m AÜ¶¶ZmgmR>r {eúmH$
Am{U gm{hË¶ VgoM ^m¡{VH$ gw{dYm CncãY H$ê$Z Úmì¶mV.$$
***

3 nmR>çnwñVHo$ d BVa e¡úm{UH$ gm{hË¶ {Z{‘©Vr
1. gÚpñWVr
1.1 gúm‘ ¶§ÌUm
S>m°. H$moR>mar ¶m§À¶m AÜ¶úmVoImcr {ejU Am¶moJmÀ¶m AhdmcmZ§Va ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶mVhr
nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mo amï´>r¶rH$aU H$aÊ¶mV Amco. àmW{‘H$ VgoM ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamda nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©VrMo H$m‘
H$aÊ¶mgmR>r amÁ¶mV ñdV§Ì g§ñWm AmhoV.
B¶Îmm n{hcr Vo AmR>dr ñVamda gd© A{Zdm¶© VgoM d¡H$pënH$ {df¶m§Mr nmR>çnwñVHo$ V¶ma H$aUo,
Ë¶m§Mo ‘wÐU d {dVaU H$aUo hr O~m~Xmar nmR>çnwñVH$ ‘§S>imH$S>o Amho.
B¶Îmm Zddr-XhmdrMr nmR>çnwñVHo$ V¶ma H$aÊ¶mMo H$m‘ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {eúmU
‘§S>imH$S>o {Xco Amho. Ë¶m§Mo ‘wÐU d {dVaU nmR>çnwñVH$ ‘§S>imV’}$ Ho$bo OmVo.
B¶Îmm AH$amdr-~mamdr ImOJr àH$meH$m§Mr àH$meZo (^mfoVa {df¶) ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$
{eúmU ‘§S>imV’}$ ‘§Oya Ho$br OmV AgV. gZ 2009-2010 nmgyZ 16 ^mfoÎma {df¶m§gmR>r
amÁ¶‘§S>im‘m’©$V nmR>çnwñVHo$ V¶ma Ho$cr OmV AmhoV. Ë¶m§Mohr ‘wÐU d {dVaU nmR>çnwñVH$ ‘§S>imV’}$ Ho$bo
OmVo.
1.2 àM{cV nmR>çgm{hË¶mMo ñdê$n
B¶Îmm n{hcr Vo AmR>dr ¶m ñVamda àË¶oH$ {df¶mgmR>r amÁ¶â EH$M nmR>çnwñVH$ VgoM ñd¶§-
AÜ¶¶Z nwpñVH$m Amho.
H$mhr {df¶m§gmR>r (H$cm, H$m¶m©Zw^d, Amamo½¶ d emar[aH$ {eúmU, ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ) {eúmH$
hñVnwpñVH$m AmhoV.
B¶Îmm Zddr-Xhmdr ¶m ñVamdahr amÁ¶â àË¶oH$ nmR>çH«$‘mgmR>r EH$M nmR>çnwñVH$ Amho. B¶Îmm
AH$amdr-~mamdr ¶m ñVamda ^mfm nmR>çH«$‘m§gmR>r àË¶oH$s EH$M nmR>çnwñVH$ AgyZ ^mfoVa {df¶m§gmR>r
{d{dY nmR>çnwñVHo$ AmhoV.
1.3 AmìhmZo
nmR>çnwñVH$m§da AmYm[aV narúmmH|$Ðr JmB©S²>g, ñdmÜ¶m¶nwpñVH$m BË¶mXtMm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV dmna
hmoVmo. Ë¶mVyZ KmoH§$nQ²>Q>r gma»¶m AÜ¶¶Z nÜXVtMo nm¶§S>o nS>VmV d H$m¶‘ amhVmV. Ë¶mVyZ {ejU{df¶H$
MwH$sÀ¶m H$ënZm {dÚmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ‘ZmV ê$OVmV.
Va Aä¶mgH«$‘ d nmR>çnwñVH$m§Zm AZwê$n Aem H¥${VàYmZ, gmoß¶m, gwQ>gwQ>rV na§Vw XO}Xma nyaH$
gm{hË¶mMm d e¡úm{UH$ gmYZm§Mm A^md {XgyZ ¶oVmo.
nmR>çnwñVH$m§V Zì¶mZo hmoUmao e¡úm{UH$ ~Xc/Xþê$ñË¶m gd©Xÿa d VmËH$mi H$idÊ¶mgmR>r cmJUmar
H$m¶‘ñdê$nr ¶§ÌUm AgÊ¶mMr JaO ^mgVo. VgoM H$mcmZwê$n B§Q>aA°p³Q>ìh g§JUH$s¶ e¡úm{UH$ gm{hË¶
CncãY H$ê$Z XoÊ¶mMr JaO Amho. Ë¶mgmR>r EH$ gdªH$f H$m¶©H«$‘M hmVr KoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
amÁ¶mV àmW{‘H$ ñVamdarc nmR>çnwñVHo$ nwT>rc ‘hËËdmMr H$m¶} nma nmS>VmV. Vr ~XcË¶m gm‘m{OH$
n[apñWVrZwgma A{YH$ à^mdrnUo nma nmS>cr Omdr.
1 gdmªgmR>r g‘mZ H$m¶©H«$‘
2 JwUdÎmmnyU© gm{hË¶
3 g§nyU© dfm©Mm gcJ H$m¶©H«$‘
4 {dÚmWu, {eúmH$, nmcH$ ¶m gdmªZm ghO CncãY AgUmam g§nyU© H$m¶©H«$‘.
nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©VrV nwT>rc nañna{damoYr KQ>H$m§Mm EH${ÌV {dMma H$amdm cmJVmo. ho AmìhmZ ~XcË¶m
H$mimV A{YH$ Vrd« ñdê$nmV hmVmimdo cmJUma Amho.
1 {ZYm©[aV e¡úm{UH$ gm{hË¶ amÁ¶mÀ¶m gd© ^mJm§gmR>r Cn¶wº$ Agmdo.
2 doJdoJir gm‘m{OH$ - Am{W©H$ nmíd©^y‘r Agboë¶m {dÚmÏ¶mªgmR>r Cn¶wº$ Agmdo.
3 doJdoJir e¡úm{UH$ nmíd©^y‘r Agboë¶m g‘mOmVrc {dÚmÏ¶mªgmR>r Cn¶wº$ Agmdo.
WmoS>³¶mV JwUdÎmo~amo~aM {d{dYVoMm {dMma hmoUo Amdí¶H$ Pmco Amho.
~XcË¶m H$mimVrc Anoúmm d JaOm§Zwgma e¡úm{UH$ gm{hË¶mÀ¶m g§X^m©Vrc nwT>rc àíZ gmoS>dÊ¶mgmR>r
{deof à¶ËZ H$aÊ¶mMr JaO Amho.
1 {dÚmÏ¶mªÀ¶m nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mo nmR>rdarc Am{U ‘Zmdarc AmoPo H$‘r H$aUo.
2 e¡úm{UH$ gm{hË¶mcm AmH$f©H$ d gw~moY ñdê$n XoUo.
3 ñd¶§-AÜ¶¶Zmcm MmcZm XoUo.
4 Ë¶mM~amo~a H$m¶‘ñdê$nr g§X^©-gm{hË¶ åhUyZ {ZXm}f d XO}Xma e¡úm{UH$ gm{hË¶mMr {Z{‘©Vr
H$aUo.
5 amÁ¶mV gd© {d^mJm§V ^md{ZH$ EH$mË‘Vm {Z‘m©U hmoB©b ¶mH$S>o {deof bj XoUo.
BVa H$mhr àíZ
1 Zo‘³¶m H$moUH$moUË¶m {df¶m§Zm ñdV§Ì nmR>çnwñVHo$ AgmdrV Vo R>admdo cmJoc.
2 nmR>çnwñVH$mVM H¥${Vn{ÌH$m (dH©$erQ²>g) Úmdr H$m ¶mMm {dMma H$amdm cmJoc.
3 doJdoJù¶m {df¶m§À¶m nmR>çnwñVH$mVrc nm[a^m{fH$ g§km, {df¶‘m§S>Ur ¶m§‘Ü¶o gwg§JVr amIÊ¶mgmR>r
A{YH$ à¶ËZ H$amdo bmJVrb.
4 nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mr H$m{R>Ê¶nmVir d¶mZwén Agmdr Am{U EH$mM B¶ÎmoVrc doJdoJù¶m nwñVH$m§V Vr
g‘mZ Agmdr Aer XjVm ¿¶mdr bmJob.
5 {dÚmÏ¶mªMr H¥${VercVm, Hw$Vyhc, {M{H$ËgH$ d¥Îmr Am{U gO©ZercVm ¶m ~m~tZm dmd XoÊ¶mgmR>r
nmR>çnwñVH$m§V A{YH$ à¶ËZ H$amdo bmJVrb.
¶m JaOm d Anojm nyU© hmoÊ¶mÀ¶m Ñï>rZo {df¶{Zhm¶ EH$M nmR>çnwñVH$ XoÊ¶mEodOr "nmR>çgm{hË¶ g§M'
{dH${gV H$aÊ¶m~m~V {dMma H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.

nmR>çgm{hË¶ g§M
(Instructional Package)
àË¶oH$ {dÚmÏ¶mªgmR>r gm‘mB©H$ gm{hË¶ {eúmH$m§gmR>r gm{hË¶

gm{hË¶ (Shared Materials) (Referemce Materials
(Individual Materials) for teachers)
nmR>çnwñVHo$, ñdmÜ¶m¶nwpñVH$m, Vºo$, ‘moR>o ZH$meo {eúmH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m,

H¥${Vn{ÌH$m (dH©$erQ²>g), eãXH$moe, e¡úm{UH$ {XZX{e©H$m hñVnwpñVH$m, g§X^©J«§W
A°Q>cmg d BVa H$ënH$ {~J ~w³g B. {df¶{Zhm¶ g§H$ënZmH$moe B.
gm[hË¶$
{e’$maer
1. nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©VrÀ¶m gÜ¶mÀ¶m à{H«$¶m d ¶§ÌUm H$m¶‘ R>odyZ Ë¶m§Mo A{YH$ gj‘rH$aU
H$amdo (CXmhaUmW© (1) amÁ¶mVrc gJù¶m ^mJmVrc VÁkm§Mm gh^mJ, (2) Try-out d
Review workshops, MmMUr d g‘rjU H$m¶©emim (3) gd© ‘mÜ¶‘m§V g‘mZ Ame¶
B.)
2. àmW{‘H$ ñVamdarb nmR>çgm{hË¶mMr ‘m§S>Ur Thematic ñdê$nmV H$aÊ¶mV ¶mdr.
3. nmR>çnwñVH$m§À¶m nma§n[aH$ ñdê$nmV ~Xc H$éZ nmR>çgm{hË¶ g§MmMr {Z{‘©Vr H$aÊ¶mV
¶mdr. àË¶oH$ {dÚmÏ¶m©Zo àH$ën, gd}jU, ñdV§Ì coIZ H$amdo, ¶m ñdê$nmVM
nmR>ç{df¶m§Mr ‘m§S>Ur H$amdr.
4. nmR>çgm{hË¶ g§MmVrc gm{hË¶ Amdí¶H$ (Essential) d nyaH$ (Additive) Aem XmoÝhr
ñdê$nmVrc Agmdo.(CDs, g§X^© gm{hË¶ BË¶mXr) nyaH$ gm{hË¶mV doimodoir â KmcÊ¶mV
¶mdr.
5. nmR>çgm{hË¶ g§Mm~amo~aM EH$ àË¶mâUmMm Z‘wZm gdmªZm CncãY H$éZ Úmdm d {ejH$,
{dÚmWu d nmcH$m§H$Sy>Z nmR>çgm{hË¶m~Ôc {Z¶{‘V ñdê$nmV àË¶mâU ¿¶mdo.
6. gd© {df¶m§Vrc g§~moYmË‘H$ ‘m§S>UrMo EH${ÌVnUo {Z¶moOZ H$aÊ¶mMm {dMma ìhmdm.
***

4 AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶m
gÚpñWVrMm AmT>mdm
dJm©V AgUmao {d{dY úm‘VoMo {dÚmWu, Ë¶m§À¶mVrc emar[aH$, ~m¡pÕH$ ’$aH$ cúmmV KoD$Z gdmªZm
~amo~a KoD$Z H$moUrhr {eúmUmnmgyZ d§{MV amhmUma Zmhr Aer AÜ¶mnZ à{H«$¶m dmnaUo ho {eúmH$m§gmR>r
AmìhmZ Amho.
e¡úm{UH$ JwUdÎmm dmT>{dÊ¶mÀ¶m Ñï>rZo {dÚmÏ¶mªÀ¶m gO©ZercVocm dmd XoUmar, H$ënZmeº$s
OmonmgUmar, ‘wº$nUo A{^ì¶º$s ñdmV§Í¶ XoUmar, Zm{dÝ¶mMr H$mg YaUmar AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶m H$er ~Zoc ho
AmìhmZ ñdrH$mamdo cmJUma Amho.
AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶oÛmam ~XcVr AmìhmZo ñdrH$maÊ¶mg gúm‘ Agm CÚmMm ZmJ[aH$ KS>dUo hr
O~m~Xmar {eúmU ì¶dñWoZo nocUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
‘hÎdmÀ¶m ~m~r d {e’$maer

1. AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶oV Ho$di ‘m{hVr g§H«$‘U Z H$aVm {‘imcoë¶m ‘m{hVrMm dmna H$ê$Z nwZ‘mªS>Ur
H$aÊ¶mg {dÚmÏ¶mªZm CÚwº$ H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
2. {eúmH$mMr ^y{‘H$m Ho$di „‘m{hVr nwadUmam‟ Aer Z R>odVm AÜ¶¶Zmg àoaH$, ‘mJ©Xe©H$,
{XemXe©H$, H¥$Vr KS>dyZ AmUUmam Am¶moOH$, ¶moOH$ Aer ~Z{dUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
3. AÜ¶¶Zà{H«$¶m hr {dÚmÏ¶mªZm {dMmaàdU d H¥${VàdU ~ZdUmar AgUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
4. dJm©Vrc {dÚmWu-{dÚmWu, {dÚmWu-{eúmH$, {dÚmWu-AÜ¶¶Z gm{hË¶ B. Am§Va{H«$¶m§Mm AÜ¶¶Z
à[H«$¶oV à^mdrnUo g‘mdoe Agmdm.
5. AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶oV gm‘y{hH$ àH$ën, gm‘y{hH$ gmXarH$aUo, ZmQ>çrH$aU, JQ>MMm©, àXe©Z BË¶mXr
VÌm§Mm dmna A{Zdm¶© H$amdm.
6. ~wpÕ‘§WZ, g‘ñ¶m {ZamH$aU, e§H$m {ZagZ BË¶mXr nÜXVtMm dmna AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶oV A{Zdm¶©
Agmdm.
7. AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶oV g§JUH$ d B§Q>aZoQ>Mm dmna OmUrdnyd©H$ Ho$cm Omdm.
8. AÜ¶¶ZmV ÑH$-lmì¶ gmYZm§Mm, ñWiôQ>r, {MÌnQ>, à{VH¥$Vr, H¥${VH$monam BË¶mXr ~m~tMm dmna
OmUrdnyd©H$ Ho$bm Omdm.
9. AÜ¶¶Zmg nyaH$ Aer ~XcVr dJ©aMZm Ëd[aV H$aVm ¶oB©b Aer dJ©Imoë¶m§Vrb gm{hË¶mMr ‘m§S>Ur
Agmdr.
***

5 {eúmH$ à{eúmU
àmñVm{dH$ :
àmW{‘H$ {eúmU hm {dÚmÏ¶mªMm h¸$ Amho. Vo {eúmU XO}Xma {‘iÊ¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§Zm {eH$dUmè¶m
{eúmH$m§À¶m à{eúmUmMm Aä¶mgH«$‘hr à^mdr AgUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. gm‘m{OH$ pñWË¶§Vam§Mm ^{dî¶doY,
{dcúmU doJmZo dmT>Umar Am{U úmUmV CncãY hmoUmar ‘m{hVr, H$mimZwê$n ~XcUmar e¡úm{UH$ YmoaUo d
Aä¶mgH«$‘, {eúmH$ à{eúmUmer g§~§{YV AÝ¶ {dÚmemIm§‘Yrc Am{U àË¶úm {eúmUemómVrc àJVr,
{eúmH$ à{eúmUmMo amï´>r¶ nmVirdarc YmoaU, Aem {d{dY ~m~r {dMmamV KoD$Z {eúmH$ à{eúmUmMm
Aä¶mgH«$‘ Am{U Ë¶mÀ¶m A§‘c~OmdUrMr {Xem R>admdr cmJob.
A) godmnyd© {d^mJ (S>r.Q>r.ES²>.)
gÚpñWVr -
1. AÜ¶mnH$m§À¶m úm‘Vm, H$m¡eë¶o Am{U ~m§{YcH$s ¶m§Mm {dH$mg H$ê$Z Ë¶mMo / {VMo {eúmH$ åhUyZ
EH$g§Y ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ì¶{º$‘Îd KS>{dÊ¶mMo Ü¶o¶ ZOaog‘moa R>oD$Z gÜ¶mMm (S>r.Q>r.ES²>)Aä¶mgH«$‘
Eg.gr.B©.Ama.Q>r. Zo V¶ma Ho$cm Amho.
2. {ejUemó nX{dH$m Aä¶mgH«$‘
2.1 {ejUemó nX{dH$m Aä¶mgH«$‘mV g¡Õm§{VH$ ^mJ (52%) Am{U àmË¶{úmH$ H$m¶©
(48%) ¶m§Zm Odi Odi g‘g‘mZ ^mam§e {Xcm Amho
2.2 {eúmH$ à{eúmUmer g§~§{YV {dÚmemIm§‘Ü¶o (CXm :- ‘mZgemó, ‘m{hVr g§àofU
V§Ì{dkmZ, ‘mZdd§eemó) Amcoë¶m Zì¶m g§~moYm§Mm g‘mdoe H$aÊ¶mV Amcm Amho
2.3 dJm©Ü¶mnZmVrc nS>Umao X¡Z§{XZ àíZ Am{U dJm©À¶m nmVirda Vo gmoS>dÊ¶mgmR>r H$amd¶mMo
H¥${Vg§emoYZ ¶m{df¶mMm g‘mdoe H$aÊ¶mV Amcm Amho.
2.4 ‘m{hVrMr CncãYVm Am{U ì¶dñWmnZ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r g§JUH$ {df¶H$ nmR>çH«$‘mMm g‘mdoe
¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mV Ho$cm Amho.
2.5 ¶m {eúmUH«$‘mg àdoe KoUmè¶m C‘oXdmamMr e¡úm{UH$ Ah©Vm (B¶Îmm 12 dr ) Am{U d¶
(17 + df}) cúmmV KoD$Z AÜ¶¶ZAZw^dmV n¶©do{úmV Aä¶mg, MMm©, àH$ën, {dMma‘§WZ
BË¶mXr nÜXVtMm g‘mdoe Ho$cocm Amho.
2.6 XmoZ dfmªMo {eúmU nyU© Pmë¶mda N>mÌmÜ¶mnH$m§Zm ghm ‘{hÝ¶m§Mr Am§Vadm{gVm A{Zdm¶©
Ho$cr Amho.
3. {ejUemó nXdr Aä¶mgH«$‘ {dÚmnrR> ñVamda V¶ma H$ê$Z am~dbm OmVmo. ¶m à{H«$¶oV embo¶
ñVamdarb Aä¶mgH«$‘ d nmR>çnwñVHo$ V¶ma H$aUmè¶m g§ñWm§Mm gh^mJ ZgVmo.
àM{cV {eúmH$ à{eúmU Aä¶mgH«$‘mVrc AS>MUr / AmìhmZo :-
1. nX{dH$m d nXdr Aä¶mgH«$‘mV àmW{‘H$ d ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamdarc ~Xbcoë¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mer gwg§JV
KQ>H$ ZgVmV.
2. nX{dH$m Aä¶mgH«$‘mV CncãY H$mcmdYr cúmmV KoVm àmË¶{úmH$m§Mr g§»¶m OmñV Amho.
3. AÜ¶mnH$ {dÚmc¶m§À¶m Am{U ‘hm{dÚmb¶m§À¶m dmT>Ë¶m g§»¶o‘wio Ano{úmV ì¶mdgm{¶H$ Ah©Vmàmá
AÜ¶mnH$mMm¶mªMr H$‘VaVm ^mgVo. Ë¶m‘wio nX{dH$m Aä¶mgH«$‘mÀ¶m A§‘c~OmdUrV AS>Wio
AmhoV.
4. Am§Vadm{gVoÀ¶m A§‘c~OmdUrVhr H$mhr AS>MUr ¶oVmV.
{e’$maer :
1. godmnyd© à{ejUmÀ¶m àdoemgmR>r àdoenarjm Am{U H$cMmMUr Amdí¶H$ R>odmdr.
2. embo¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘mVrc ~XcmMr Zm|X nXdr d nX{dH$m Aä¶mgH«$‘mV KoÊ¶mMr ì¶dñWm {Z‘m©U
H$amdr bmJob.
3. àM{cV Aä¶mgH«$‘mVrc ~cñWmZo (CXm.EH$g§Y ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ì¶{³V‘ÎdmMr g§H$ënZm,
Am§Vadm{gVm, H¥${Vg§emoYZ d ‘m{hVr g§àofU V§ÌkmZ B.) H$m¶‘ R>odmdrV.
4. nXdr Am{U nX{dH$m Aä¶mgH«$‘mV g‘mdo{eV {ejU d g‘wnXoeZ ¶m ~m~tZm nwaogo ‘hÎd XoÊ¶mMr
JaO Amho.
5. nX{dH$m Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr A§‘c~OmdUr à^mdr hmoÊ¶mgmR>r n¶©doúmH$s¶ H$m¶©dmhr gúm‘VoZo nma
nmS>cr Omdr.
6. ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr H$m¶©dmhr H$aUmè¶m AÜ¶mnH$ {dÚmc¶m§À¶m gúm‘VoMo ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$ê$Z Ë¶m§Zm
loUr XoÊ¶mMr ì¶dñWm (DAAC) {Z‘m©U H$amdr. Ë¶m§Mo‘m’©$V àË¶oH$ AÜ¶mnH$ {dÚmc¶mg loUr
{ZpíMVr H$amdr. Ë¶mZwgma AÜ¶mnH$ {dÚmc¶mMr àdoeúm‘Vm R>admdr.
7. nXdr ñVamdarb {ejUemó Aä¶mgH«$‘ {dH$gZm‘Ü¶o embo¶ ñVamdarb g§~§{YV g§ñWm§Zm
à{V{Z{YËd Agmdo.
~) godm§VJ©V à{eúmU :-
gÚpñWVr :-
1. ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ e¡úm{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{eúmU n[afXoH$Sy>Z àmW{‘H$ ñVamdarc {eúmH$m§gmR>r godm§VJ©V
à{eúmUmMo Mma ñVamdê$Z Am¶moOZ, H$m¶©dmhr d AZwYmdZ Ho$co OmVo: amÁ¶, {d^mJ, {Oëhm Am{U
VmcwH$mñVa.
2. amÁ¶ñVamdê$Z nwT>rc ñVamda à{eúmU XoÊ¶mgmR>r VÁk ‘mJ©Xe©H$ V¶ma Ho$co OmVmV. à[eúmU
{df¶mda AmYm[aV KQ>H$ g§M V¶ma Ho$co OmVmV.
3. gd© {eúmm A{^¶mZmA§VJ©V {eúmH$m§gmR>r 21, 30, 60 {Xdgm§À¶m H$mcmdYrMo à{eúmU dJ©
Am¶mo{OV Ho$co OmVmV.
4. godm§VJ©V à{eúmUmgmR>r àm‘w»¶mZo ì¶m»¶mZ nÜXVr, JQ>H$m¶©, ñd¶§AÜ¶¶Z, g§JUH$ ghmpæ¶V
AZwXoeZ nÜXVr, Xÿa^mf n[afX (Teleconference) Aem à{eúmU nÜXVtMm dmna H$aÊ¶mV
¶oVmo.
5. ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVamdarb godm§VJ©V {ejH$ à{ejUmMr O~m~Xmar amÁ¶ ‘§S>imda
Amho.
{e’$maer -
1. godm§VJ©V à{eúmU H$m¶©H«$‘ ho A{YH$m{YH$ JaOm{Yð>rV AgmdoV.
2. amÁ¶ñVamZ§Va nwT>rc ñVamda à{eúmUmMm XOm© H$‘r hmoD$ Z¶o ¶mgmR>r à{eúmUmMo ñVa H$‘r
H$aÊ¶mgmR>r AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$amdm.
3. godm§VJ©V à{eúmUmMo à{eúmUmWu ho àm¡T> Agë¶mZo àm¡T>m§À¶m AÜ¶mnZ nÜXVtMm
(Androgogical)ñd¶§AÜ¶¶ZmMm Adc§~ H$amdm. CXm. JQ>MMm©, MMm©gÌo, {X½Xe©Z B.
godm§VJ©V à{eúmU H$m¶©H«$‘ gd© Xÿa nmohmoMÊ¶mgmR>r grS>r, S>rìhrS>r CnJ«h àúmonUmda AmYm[aV Xÿa
^mf n[afX (Teleconferencing), {M{ÌV n[afX, (Video conferencing),
B-c{ZªJ ¶mgma»¶m AmYw{ZH$ Bco³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mÜ¶‘m§Mm dmna H$aÊ¶mV ¶mdm.
4. Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ AÜ¶mnH$m§Zm godoV H$m¶‘ Pmë¶mnmgyZ Xa 4 dfmªZr 7 {Xdgm§Mo godm§VJ©V à{eúmU
XoÊ¶mV ¶mdo. 12 dfm©Z§Va d[að>loUr d 24 dfm©Z§Va {ZdS> loUrMo à{eúmU ‘mÌ Xhm {Xdgm§Mo
Agmdo. Ë¶m‘Ü¶o Am¡nMm[aH$ à{eúmU, Amdí¶H$VoZwgma ôQ>r d ñdmÜ¶m¶ Agmdo.
5. à{ejUmoÎma AZwYmdZ d Am§Va{H«$¶m§gmR>r {ejH$ ì¶mgnrR>o {Z‘m©U H$amdrV. àM{bV H|$Ðg§‘obZmMm
Cn¶moJ ¶mgmR>r H$amdm. VgoM ¶mgmR>r Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mÜ¶‘mMmhr Cn¶moJ H$amdm.
6. à[eúmUmMr n[aUm‘H$maH$Vm nmhÊ¶mgmR>r nyd© MmMUr d CÎma MmMUr KoÊ¶mV ¶mdr. ¶mgmR>r ‘wº$
nwñVH$ (Open Book) narúmm dmnaÊ¶mV ¶mdr.
MmMÊ¶m ¶m Ame¶, nÜXVr Am{U A{^d¥Îmr ~Xc VnmgUmè¶m Agmì¶mV. Ë¶m§À¶m AhdmcmMm
Cn¶moJ nwT>rc à{eúmU H$m¶©H«$‘mÀ¶m gwYmaUogmR>r H$amdm. ’${cV n¥ÏW:H$aU amÁ¶ñVamda ìhmdo
Am{U Ë¶mda JQ>/H|$ÐñVamda MMm© ìhmì¶mV.
7. à[eúmUmÛmao dJm©V Ano{úmV Ñí¶ ~Xcm§Mr ¶mXr à{eúmU gm{hË¶mV g‘m{dï> H$amdr.
8. {df¶VÁk, H|$Ðà‘wI, JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar B. n¶©doúmH$s¶ KQ>H$m§n¶ªV ¶m Ñí¶~Xcm {df¶r
OmUrdOmJ¥Vr ñdV§Ì à{eúmUm‘YyZ ìhmdr.
9. {ejU à{ejUmMm EH$mpË‘H$ {dMma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r amÁ¶mVrb emgH$s¶ A{YH$mar, {dÚmnrR>
à{V{ZYr d gd© {d^mJmVrb {ZdS>H$ {ejUVÁk ¶m§Mm g‘mdoe AgUmar ñdm¶Îm {eIa g§ñWm
amÁ¶ñVamda {Z‘m©U H$aÊ¶mV ¶mdr.
***

6. _yë`_mnZ
1. àmñVm{dH$ - Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma H$aVmZm XoemÀ`m dV©_mZ Am{U ^{dî`H$mbrZ JaOm bjmV KoD$Z Ë`m
nyU© hmoÊ`mgmR>r {ejUmMr ì`{º$JV Am{U gm_m{OH$ CX²{Xï>o {ZpíMV Ho$br OmVmV. hr CX²{Xï>o {H$Vr
à_mUmV gmÜ` Pmbr `mMo gwñnï> {MÌ _yë`_mnZ à{H«$òVyZ g_Omdo Aer Anojm AgVo. `m à{H«$òVyZ
àmá _m{hVrÀ`m AmYmao {dÚmÏ`mªMr àJVr H$moUË`m joÌmV Anojonojm H$_r Amho ho Zo_Ho$nUo g_Oë`mg
Vr KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mgmR>r {ejH$m§Zm nÜXVranUo à`ËZ H$aUo eŠ` hmoVo. `màH$mao {ejUmMm/AÜ``ZmÀ¶m
XOm©Mm AmT>mdm KoD$Z Vmo {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r VgoM dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r _yë`_mnZ à{H«$òbm n`m©` Zmhr.
2. _yë`_mnZmMr gÚ{ñWVr - {Za{Zamù`m ñVamdarb _yë`_mnZmMr H$m`©dmhr.

2.1 àmW{_H$ ñVa (B. 1 br Vo B.8 dr)
àËòH$ {df`mgmR>r 100 JwUm§À`m XmoZ gÌ narjm KoVë`m OmVmV. `m{edm`
df©âmVrb H$m_mMo _yë`_mnZ hmoÊ`mgmR>r 100 JwU amIyZ R>odbo OmVmV. Ë`m_Üò àËòH$
gÌmV XmoZ à_mUo Mma KQ>H$ MmMÊ`m Ano{jV AmhoV. `m{edm` n[aga Aä`mg, H$bm,
H$m`m©Zw^d d emar[aH$ {ejU `m {df`m§VJ©V àmË`{jH$ H$m_, ^mfm {df`mVrb J¥hnmR> d
{Z~§Y, {dkmZ {df`mVrb à`moJ `m§Mm g_mdoe Amho. B`Îmm {VgarnmgyZ àËòH$ {dÚmÏ`m©Zo
H$moUË`mhr {df`mda AmYm[aV EH$m dfm©_Üò XmoZ àH$ën nyU© H$aUo Ano{jV Amho.
àH$ënmgmR>r 100 JwU R>odÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. {dÚmÏ`m©bm àmá EH$yU JwUm§À`m AmYmao 5
{~§Xy loUr nÜXVrMm dmna H$ê$Z loUr {Xbr OmVo. JwU d g§~§{YV loUr `m§Mr Zm|X
EH${ÌVnUo Ho$br OmVo.
2.2 _mÜ`{_H$ ñVa (B. 9 dr d B. 10 dr)
B`Îmm 9 dr gmR>r àËòH$ gÌmV EH$ `mà_mUo àËòH$ {df`mÀ`m XmoZ MmMÊ`m
Am{U XmoZ gÌ narjm KoVë`m OmVmV.^mfogmR>r Vm|S>r d boIr Ago narjoMo ñdê$n Amho.
{dkmZmV boIr d àmË`{jH$ Ago narjoMo ñdê$n Amho. J{UV {df`mbm boIr narjo~amo~a
A§VJ©V _yë`_mnZ Ho$bo OmVo. A§VJ©V _yë`_mnZmV df©âmVrb MmMÊ`m d J¥hnmR> `m§À`m
JwUm§À`m gamgarMm g_mdoe Amho.
B`Îmm 10 drMr _mÜ`{_H$ embm§V narjm hr gm_w{hH$ narjm EH$Mdoir amÁ`â
KoVbr OmVo. `mV ^mfm {df`m§gmR>r narjoMo ñdê$n Vm|S>r d boIr Ago XmoÝhr àH$maMo Amho.
J{UV d gm_m{OH$ emóo `m§Mo boIr ~amo~a A§VJ©V _yë`_mnZ Ho$bo OmVo. J¥hnmR>mgh
df©âmVrb MmMUr, gÌnarjm d nyd©narjm `m§À`m JwUm§Mm g_mdoe A§VJ©V _yë`_mnZmV
Ho$bm OmVmo. J{UV {df`mgmR>r 150 JwU d BVa {df`m§gmR>r 100 JwU AmhoV. {dkmZmgmR>r

boIr d àmË`{jH$ narjm KoVbr OmVo. Aä`mgoVa {df`m§gmR>r boIr MmMÊ`m d àmË`{jH$
`m§À`m JwUm§dê$Z loUr {Xbr OmVo.
2.3 Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$ ñVa
H$moUË`mhr emIoÀ`m ^mfm {df`m§gmR>r boIr d Vmo§S>r narjm KoVë`m OmVmV. emó,
J{UV `m {df`m§gmR>r boIr d àmË`{jH$ narjm AmhoV. àËòH$ {df` 100 JwUm§Mm Amho.
dJm}ÞVrgmR>r gd© {df`mV 35% JwU d àH$ënmgmR>r 50% JwU Amdí`H$ AmhoV.
3. gÜ`mÀ`m _yë`_mnZ à{H«$òVrb C{Udm -
_yë`_mnZ nÜXVrMm dJm©Vrb X¡Z§{XZ AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ `mda A{Ve` Imobda n[aUm_
hmoVmo. Ë`m_wio X¡Z§{XZ AÜ``Z AÜ`mnZmMm Moham_moham ~XbÊ`mgmR>r gÜ`mÀ`m _yë`_mnZ
nÜXVr_Yrb C{Udm§Mm nam_e© KoD$Z Ë`m Xya H$aÊ`mMo _mJ© emoYUo JaOoMo Amho. gÜ`mÀ`m
_yë`_mnZ nÜXVr_Yrb R>iH$ C{Udm nwT>o Z_yX Ho$ë`m AmhoV.
3.1 _yë`_mnZ gdªH$f Zmhr - {ejUmVyZ _mUyg KSÊ`mgmR>r {dÚmÏ`mªMm _|Xy, _Z, eara Aem
{VÝhr A§Jm§Zr {dH$mg hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`mgmR>r _yë`_mnZhr `m {VÝhr A§Jm§Zr hmoUo
JaOoMo Amho. na§Vw gÜ`m ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mgmÀ`m _yë`_mnZmbmM AdmOdr _hÎd Agë¶mMo
{XgyZ òVo. _mZ{gH$ Am{U ^mdmË_H$ {dH$mgmMo _yë`_mnZ Anojonojm Iyn H$_r à_mUmV
hmoVo. Ë`mVhr 35% hm CÎmrU©VoMm {ZH$f bjmV KoVbm Va ~m¡[ÕH$ joÌmMo _yë`_mnZ
Xo{Ib nwaogo hmoVo Ago åhUVm òV Zmhr.
3.2 _yë`_mnZ gmVË`nyU© Zmhr - MmMÊ`m, gÌ narjm, àmË`{jH$, àH$ën BË`mXrMm dmna
H$ê$Z _yë`_mnZ gmVË`nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r bjUr` à`ËZ Pmbo AmhoV. VWm{n amoO
{eH$dVmZmM {dÚmÏ`mªMo {M{H$ËgH$ Am{U gyú_ {ZarjU H$ê$Z MwH$sÀ`m g§H$ënZm,
AÜ``ZmVrb BVa AS>Wio `m§Mo {ZXmZ H$aUo d doiÀ`m doir Cn`m`moOZm ho gmVË`nyU©
_yë`_mnZmMo __© dJ©AÜ`mnZmV gmd©{ÌH$nUo gmÜ` Pmbobo Zmhr.
3.3 ñd-AmoiI H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Anè - Am`wî`mV è {_iÊ`mgmR>r {dÚmÏ`m©bm Amnë`m
A§Jr AgUmè`m j_Vm, Amnbr ~bñWmZo Am{U _`m©Xm `m{df`rMr OmUrd _yë`_mnZmÀ`m
{Za{Zamù`m gmYZm§À`m/V§Ìm§À`m dmnamVyZ hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. n§aVw gÜ`mÀ`m
_yë`_mnZmVyZ {dÚmÏ`m©bm Aer ñd-AmoiI hmoD$Z AmË_{dœmg {Z_m©U hmoVmZm {XgV
Zmhr.
3.4 gXmof àíZn{ÌH$m - ~hþVoH$ àíZ "" kmZ'' nmVirda AgVmV. Ë`mVyZ ñ_aUeŠVrMr
MmMUr hmoVo. àJV {dMmaà{H«$`m dmnamdr bmJob Ago àíZ A^mdmZoM {dMmabo OmVmV.
`mMm Xwîn[aUm_ åhUyZ X¡Z§{XZ AÜ`mnZ H$aVmZm XoIrb Cƒ {dMmaà{H$«`m {dH${gV
H$aÊ`mH$S>o Xwb©j hmoVo. H$m°nrÀ`m àd¥Îmrbmhr MmbZm {_iVo. VgoM {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m
H$ënZmeŠVrbm d gO©ZerbVobm CÎmoOZ {_iy eH$V Zmhr. boIr narjoMo Am`moOZ gmono
Agë`mZo boIr _yë`_mnZmda A{V[aº$ â {Xbm OmVmo. Vm|S>r d àmË`{jH$ narjm§Mo
ì`dñWmnZ VwbZoZo AdKS> Agë`mZo Ë`m§Mr AW©nyU© arVrZo A§_b~OmdUr hmoV Zmhr.
Ë`m_wio Aem narjm§‘YyZ {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Á`m JwUm§Mr/j_Vm§Mr nmaI hmoVo Vo JwU/j_Vm
Xwb©{jV amhVmV.
3.5 _yë`_mnZmVrb ì`{º${Zð>Vm - Xw~m}Y ^mfoVrb àíZn{ÌH$m, {Z~§Y/ nÌ/ H$ënZm{dñVma /
{Z~§YdOm àíZ BË`mXr _wº$ Am{dîH$mamg dmd AgUmè`m {bImUmgmR>r H$mQ>oH$moa JwUXmZ
`moOZm Z H$aUo qH$dm Z dmnaUo ¶m‘wio _yë`m§H$Z ì`{º${Zð> hmoVo. EH$mM CÎmambm
{_iUmè`m JwUmV bjUr` \$aH$ Agy eH$Vmo. `mVyZ {dÚmÏ`mªda AÝ`m` hmoVmo.
3.6 Ag_W©Zr` JwUXmZ - àmË`{jH$ qH$dm Vm|S>r narjm, J¥hH$m`©, ñdmÜ`m` `m§Zm {ZH$mb
Mm§Jbm bmdÊ`mÀ`m XS>nUm_wio H$moUVohr g_W©Z XoVm òUma Zmhr EdT>o gT>inUo JwU {Xbo
OmVmV. Aem \$gì`m èm_wio VËH$m{bZ AmZ§X {_iV Agbm Var ^mdr Am`wî`mV
{dÚmÏ`m©Mo ZwH$gmZM hmoVo. H$mhr {R>H$mUr AmT>iUmè`m Aem àd¥Îmr_wio gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f
_yë`_mnZ qH$dm A§V^y©V _yë`_mnZmgma»`m {ejUmMm XOm© dmT>{dUmè`m `moOZm§À`m
A§_b~OmdUr{df`r àíZ{MÝh {Z_m©U hmoVo.
3.7 _mZ{gH$ XS>nU - H$mhr _{hÝ`m§À`m AÜ``ZmMr VrZ VmgmV boIr ñdê$nmV MmMUr KoUo,
ñ_aUeº$sda A{V[aº$ VmU Úmdm bmJUo `m_wio {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m _Zmda AdmOdr XS>nU òVo.
`mMm n[aUm_ earamMo Am{U _ZmMo Amamo½` {~KS>Ê`mV hmoVmo. Zmnmg hmoÊ`mÀ`m ^rVr_wio
qH$dm Zmnmg Pmë`m_wio A{VZ¡amí`, KamVyZ niyZ OmUo, Šd{MV àg§Jr _moR>çm {dÚmÏ`mªV
AmË_hËòH$S>o {dMma PwH$Uo Agohr n[aUm_ {Xgy eH$VmV. JwU/loUr `m AmYmao _wbm§Mr
gdmªXoIV Ho$bobr VwbZm {dÚmÏ`mªV Ý`yZJ§S> {Z_m©U H$ê$ eH$Vo.
3.8 narjm \${bVmMr AnyU©Vm - EImÚm {df`mV {H$Vr JwU {_imbo qH$dm H$moUVr loUr
{_imbr `mdê$Z {dÚmÏ`m©bm òVo/òV Zmhr ho g_Oy eH$V Zmhr. `m _m{hVrMm emoY
KoÊ`mgmR>r MmMÊ`m/gÌnarjm `m§À`m CÎman{ÌH$m§Mo {M{H$ËgH$ {díbofU Ho$bo OmV Zmhr.
{dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m EImÚm {df`mVrb H$m_{JarMm {Z`VH$m{bH$ AmT>mdm KoÊ`mgmR>r B`Îmm d
{df`mZwgma Bï> H$m_{JarMo {ZXe©H$ (performance indicators) CnbãY ZmhrV.
Ë`m_wio {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m H$m_{JarMm doY Zo_Ho$nUmZo KoVbm OmV Zmhr.
3.9 ì`{º$_Îd {dH$mgmbm àoaH$ àíZm§Mm A^md - gÜ`mÀ`m àíZn{ÌH$m§da ZOa {\$a{dbr
AgVm Jmiboë`m OmJm, OmoS>çm bmdUo, nwñVH$mVrb ^mfoV CÎmao Ano{jV AgUmao àíZ,
R>am{dH$ àíZm§Mm nwZ:nwZ: dmna Ago {MÌ {XgVo. EH$mnojm A{YH$ CÎmao ~amo~a AgUmao,
ñdV:À`m ^mfoV CÎmao {b{hÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$aUmao, {dMma, H$ënZmeº$s `m§Zm AmìhmZ XoUmao,
X¡Z§{XZ OrdZm_Yrb g_ñ`m gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r Cn`wº$ R>aUmao, ~hþ{Xe² {dMma H$am`bm
bmdUmao àíZ Hw$R>oM AmT>iV ZmhrV. `m_wio {dÚmÏ`mª_Yrb j_Vm§Mo Z¡g[J©H$ ómoV Hw§${R>V
Pmbobo {XgVmV.

4) amï´>r` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m 2005 VgoM {ejUmÀ`m h¸$m{df`rMm H$m`Xm Am{U _yë`_mnZ
gÜ`mÀ`m _yë`_mnZ nÜXVr_Üò gwYmaUm gwM{dÊ`mnydu darb XñVmEodOm§_Üò
_yë`_mnZm{df`r H$moUË`m Anojm AmhoV `m{df`r g§{já AmT>mdm KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
{ejUmMm h¸$ {df`H$ H$m`Xm -
1. _yë`_mnZ à{H«$`m KQ>ZmË_H$ VaVwXter gwg§dmXr AgUo Amdí`H$.
2. {dÚmÏ`m©§À`m gdmª{JU {dH$mgmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ _yë`_mnZ à{H«$`m {dH${gV H$amdr.
3. {dÚmÏ`mªH$S>rb kmZ, j_Vm, gwá JwU `m§Mm {dH$mg ìhmdm
4. {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m emar[aH$ d _mZ{gH$ j_Vm§Mm H$_mb {dH$mg hmoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo _yë`_mnZ
`moOZm AmImdr.
5. _yë`_mnZ à{H«$`m VUmd/XS>nU {Z_m©U H$aUmar Zgmdr.
6. _yë`_mnZ gmVË`nyU© Am{U gdªH$f Agmdo.
7. B`Îmm AmR>drn`ªV H$moUË`mhr {dÚmÏ`m©g AZwÎmrU© H$aVm òUma Zmhr. B`Îmm AmR>drn`ªV
{dÚmÏ`mªZm H$moUË`mhr ~moS>© narjog gm‘moao Om¶bm bmJy Z¶o.
amï´>r` Aä`mgH«$_ AamIS>çmVrb Anojm -
1. narjmnÜXVr bd{MH$ Agmdr.
2. dJm©_Üò amoOÀ`m {eH$Ê`m-{eH$dÊ`mÀ`m {H«$ò_Üò _yë`_mnZ à{H«$`m A§V^y©V Agmdr.
5) _yë`_mnZ à{H«$ò_Yrb ~Xbm§{df`rÀ`m {e\$maer -

OmJ{VH$sH$aUm_wio {Z_m©U Pmbobr AmìhmZo, {df`m§Mr dmT>Vr ì`már, _m{hVrMm {dñ\$moQ>,
_yë`_mnZ {dñ\$moQ>, _yë`_mnZ à{H«$ò_Yrb `mnydu Z_yX Ho$boë`m C{Udm `m nmœ©^y_rda gÜ`mÀ`m
_yë`_mnZ nÜXVr_Üò H$mhr ~Xb H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. `m ~Xbm{df`rÀ`m _hÎdmÀ`m {e\$maer nwT>o Z_yX
Ho$ë`m AmhoV.
5.1 àmW{_H$ d Cƒ àmW{_H$ ñVa{Zhm` Am{U {df`{Zhm` Xe©H$ (performance
indicators) {ZpíMV H$amdoV. Xe©H$ R>a{dVmZm {df`mMr _yb^yV CX²{Xï>o,
kmZaMZmdmXmbm àmoËgmhZ, OrdZmVrb g_ñ`m gmoS>{dÊ`mg Cn`wº$Vm, ñdV:À`m
~bñWmZmMr AmoiI, ~hþ{Xe² {dMmamg àmoËgmhZ, gdmª{JU {dH$mg ho _wÔo bjmV
KoÊ`mV `mdoV.
5.2 {Z`VH$m{bH$ MmMÊ`m, gÌ narjm, X¡Z§{XZ _yë`_mnZ BË`mXr H$moUË`mhr àH$mamZo
_yë`_mnZ H$amd`mMo Agë`mg darbà_mUo {ZpíMV Ho$boë`m {ZXe©H$m§Mm g§X^©
¿`mdm.
5.3 àíZn{ÌH$m V`ma H$aVmZm nwT>rb _wÔo {dMmamV ¿`mdoV.

* nmR>m§Vamda CÎmao XoVm òVrb Ago àíZ Q>mimdoV.
* kmZnmVirn{bH$S>rb AmH$bZ/Cn`moOZ B. CƒVa nmVirdarb {dMma H$am`bm
bmdUmè`m àíZm§da â Úmdm.
* ñdV:Mo {dMma, H$ënZm _m§S>Ê`mMr g§Yr XoUmao àíZ AgmdoV.
* ~hþ{Xe² {dMmamgmR>r àd¥Îm H$aUmao, ~wpÕ_ÎmoÀ`m {Za{Zamù`m àH$mam§Mr XIb KoUmao
àíZ AgmdoV.
* H$mhr àíZ H¥$VrÀ`m ñdê$nmV AgmdoV. {df`mÀ`m ñdê$nmZwgma Vm|S>r, àmË`{jH$
àíZm§Mm g_mdoe nwaoem à_mUmV Agmdm.
5.4 MmMÊ`m/narjm `m§Mo Am`moOZ A{YH$A{YH$ AZm¡nMm[aH$ Agmdo. H$mhr ì`{º$JV,
gm_m{OH$ JwU/_yëò `m§À`m {dH$mgmMo _yë`_mnZ X¡Z§{XZ AÜ`mnZmVM H$amdo. dJ©aMZm,
gyMZm, n`©dojU `mVyZ {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m _Zmda XS>nU {Z_m©U hmoUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr
¿`mdr. _yë`_mnZ OmñVrV OmñV dJ©nmVirda ìhmdo. {eH${dUmè`m {ejH$mZoM ho
_yë`_mnZ H$amdo.
5.5 _yë`_mnZ gmVË`nyU© d gdªH$f hmoB©b Ago {Z`moOZ H$amdo. amoOÀ`m {eH${dÊ`mMm EH$
A{d^mÁ` ^mJ Ago _yë`_mnZmMo ñdê$n Agmdo. àH$ën, CnH«$_, ghembo` H$m`©H«$_,
ñdmÜ`m`, ì`{º$JV N>§X `m§Mm g_mdoe H$amdm.
5.6 CÎman{ÌH$m VnmgVmZm `mo½` JwUXmZ`moOZoMm dmna H$amdm. VgoM {Z~§YdOm àíZ,
nÌboIZ, H$ënZm{dñVma B. _wº$ à{VgmX ñdê$nmMo àíZ VnmgÊ`mgmR>rMr JwUXmZ `moOZm
{dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m _XVrZo V`ma H$ê$Z {VMm dmna H$amdm. Vm|S>r narjogmR>r Amdí`H$ VoWo
g_m§Va àíZg§M V`ma H$aÊ`mV `mdoV. àmË`{jH$mMo _yë`_mnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r gw`mo½` JwUXmZ
`moOZm dmnamdr.
5.7 _yë`_mnZmÛmao {_iUmè`m _m{hVrMm dmna {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m àJVrgmR>r gH$mamË_H$ arVrZo
H$amdm. Oo {dÚmÏ`m©bm Ambo Ë`mMo `Wm`mo½` H$m¡VwH$ ìhmdo. Oo Ambo Zmhr Vo H$m Ambo Zmhr
`mMm emoY boIr à{VgmXmMo {díbofU, {dÚmÏ`mªer MMm© Aem à{H«$`mVyZ ¿`mdm.
{dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m AmË_gÝ_mZmbm YŠH$m nmohmoMUma Zmhr VgoM Ë`m§À`m _Zmda XS>nU òUma
Zmhr Aem àH$mao {dÚmÏ`m©bm H$m` Ambobo Zmhr Vo Ë`mÀ`mn`©§V nmohmoMdmdo.
{dÚmÏ`mªMr VwbZm Q>mimdr. Xwgè`mer VwbZm Z H$aVm Amnë`m nyduÀ`m H$m_{Jarnojm A{YH$ Mm§Jbr
H$m_{Jar hmoÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aÊ`mMr ^mdZm {dÚmÏ`mª_Üò ê$Odmdr.

5.8 _yë`_mnZmÛmao àmá _{hVrMr Zm|X nwT>rbàH$mao Agmdr.
* JwUm§EodOr WoQ> loUrMm dmna H$amdm.
* CÎmrU©-AZwÎmrU© Ago eoao Z XoVm H$m_{JarMo {ZpíMV Ho$bobo H$moUVo {ZH$f {H$VnV nyU©
Ho$bo `m{df`rÀ`m Zm|Xr àJ{VnÌH$mV Agmì`mV.
* {dÚmÏ`m©À`m d¡{eï>`nyU© JwUm§Mr Zm|X àJ{VnÌH$mV Agmdr.
5.9 _yë`_mnZ à{H«$`m KQ>ZmË_H$ VaVwXter gwg§JV Agmdr.
5.10 B. AmR>drn`ªV H$moUË`mhr {dÚmÏ`m©g AZwÎmrU© H$ê$ Zò.
gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r gwQ>gwQ>rV Varhr n[aUm_H$maH$
`moOZm V`ma H$aUo ho AmìhmZmË_H$ H$m_ Amho. à`moJerb emim§Vrb _yë`_mnZ
nÜXVtMm _mJmodm VgoM emgZàUrV à`moJ `mVyZ _yë`_mnZmMr gmYZo doimodoir
n[aîH¥$V (refined) H$amdrV.
5.11 B. AmR>dr d XhmdrÀ`m ñVamdarb \${bV XoÊ`mÀ`m nÜXVr_Üò gwg§JVr Agmdr.
dU©ZmË_H$ nÜXVrZo \${bV Úmdo. AmR>drbm g§nyU©nUo d Xhmdrbm {H$_mZ {Zå_m ^mJ
dU©ZmË_H$ Agmdm.
5.12 AH$amdr ~mamdrgmR>r dfm©À`m _Ü`_mV {df` ~XbÊ`mMr gmo` Agmdr.
5.13 loUr gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r B. Xhmdr dr d B. ~mamdr drMr ~moS>© narjm nwZ: XoÊ`mMr gmo`
Agmdr.
***

7 {dÚmÏ¶mªMm gh^mJ
Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr AmIUr Am{U Ë¶mÀ¶m H$m¶©dmhrÀ¶m {Z¶moOZmV {dÚmÏ¶mªMm gh^mJ AmdOy©Z KoVbm
nm{hOo. AmnU bmoH$emhr àUmbr {ZdS>br Amho. VWm{n AÚmnhr {ZU©¶à{H«$¶oV gdmªMo ‘V KoD$Z {ZU©¶màV
¶ooUo ¶m~m~V gd©Ì CXm{gZVm {XgVo. H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ qH$dm gm‘m{OH$ {ZU©¶mV {dMma hmoVmo Vmo AZw^dr Á¶oð>m§Mm.
¶m‘wio AZoH$ {R>H$mUr bhmZ d¶mÀ¶m qH$dm H$‘r AZw^dmÀ¶m bmoH$m§À¶m Mm§Jë¶m gyMZmhr {dMmamV Z
KoVmM YmoaUo, H$m¶©H«$‘ R>a{dbo OmVmV Am{U ¶m JQ>m§À¶m JaOm Ü¶mZmV KoVë¶m OmV ZmhrV.
Aä¶mgH«$‘ Am{U Ë¶mdê$Z V¶ma H$amd¶mMm nmR>çH«$‘, nmR>çnwñVHo$ BVa AÜ¶¶Z gm{hË¶
¶m~m~Vhr ‘wbm§À¶m JaOm ‘moR>r ‘mUgo, VÁk ho Ë¶m§À¶m AZw^dmdê$Z R>adVmV. VWm{n ho gmao Á¶m§À¶mgmR>r
Ho$bo OmVo Vr ‘wbo H$m¶ åhUVmV ho Ü¶mZmV KoÊ¶mMr Oê$ar Amho. Ë¶m‘wio Iè¶m AWm©Zo JaOm{^‘wI d
‘wcm§gmR>r AgUmè¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr AmIUr Am{U H$m¶©dmhr H$aUo e³¶ hmoB©b. Ë¶mgmR>r ‘wbm§Mm gh^mJ
nwT>rb à‘mUo KoVm ¶oB©b.
1.d¶moJQ>mZwê$n Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr/nmR>çH«$‘mMr ì¶dhm¶©Vm VnmgÊ¶mgmR>r VgoM ‘wbm§À¶m AmdS>r OmUyZ
KoÊ¶mgmR>r Aä¶mgH«$‘/nmR>çH«$‘ AmIUrÀ¶m doiog ‘wbm§Mr ‘Vo OmUyZ KoÊ¶mMr ì¶dñWm Agmdr.
2.embo¶ñVamda ghembo¶ H$m¶©H«$‘mV ¶m {df¶mdarb MMm©, {Z~§Y, N>moQ>r ZmQ>Ho$ d {MÌo Aem ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ
Ë¶m§Mo ‘ZmoJV OmUyZ KoVbo Omdo.
3.ghembo¶ H$m¶©H«$‘mMo Am¶moOZ d {Z¶moOZ {dÚmÏ¶mªÀ¶m nwT>mH$mamZo Ho$bo Omdo.
4.V¶ma Ho$bocm nmR>çH«$‘ d AÜ¶¶Z gm{hË¶ ¶m§Mr a§OH$Vm Am{U ì¶dhm¶©Vm {dÚmÏ¶mªH$Sy>Z Vnmgmdr.
5.àË¶j nmR>çnwñVHo$ V¶ma H$aÊ¶mnydu Am{U Z§Va BVa AÜ¶¶Z gm{hË¶ V¶ma H$aÊ¶mnydu ‘wbm§er MMm©
H$aUo hohr Amdí¶H$ H$m¶©H«$‘ åhUyZ KoVbo OmdoV. dJm©Vrb AÜ¶¶Z g{hË¶ V¶ma H$aÊ¶mV ‘wbm§Mm gh^mJ
Agmdm.
6.àË¶j H$m¶©dmhrÀ¶m doirhr ‘wbm§H$Sy>Z Ë¶m§Zm H$m¶ AmdS>bo H$m¶ AmdS>bo Zmhr ? Am{U H$m AmdS>bo
Zmhr ? ¶mMm AmT>mdm ¿¶mdm.
7.AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d/H¥$Vr ¶m§Mr {ZdS> H$aVmZm {dÚmÏ¶mªMr AmdS> bjmV ¿¶mdr.
8.{ejH$m§Zr AmË‘n[ajUmgmR>r {dÚmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ‘Vm§Mm {dMma H$amdm. amÁ¶ñVar¶ g§ñWm‘Ü¶o, ‘wbm§er g§dmX
gmYÊ¶mgmR>r ¶§ÌUm Agmdr.
9.‘yë¶‘mnZ H$Yr ìhmdo ¶m~m~V ‘wbm§À¶m ‘Vmbm qH$‘V Úmdr. ‘wbm§À¶m H$m‘mMo H$mhr à‘mUmV
ghmÜ¶m¶mH$Sy>Z ‘yë¶‘mnZ ìhmdo.
kmZaMZmdmX d {eúmU h¸$ H$m¶Xm ¶mÀ¶m g§X^m©V {dÚmÏ¶mªMm gh^mJ ¶mcm AZÝ¶ ‘hÎd àmá
Pmco Amho. Ë¶mZwgma {dÚmÏ¶m©Mm gh^mJ dmT>{dUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
8. g_mOmMm gh^mJ
{ejUmV g_mOmMm gh^mJ hdm ho VÎd gd©_mÝ` Pmbo Amho. VWm{n àË`jmV g_mOmMm
gh^mJ H$gm ¿`m`Mm `mMm {dMma Aä`mgH«$_ AmIUr Am{U H$m`©dmhrÀ¶m doir H$aUo ho _hÎdmMo Amho.
Ë`mgmR>r Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmIUr‘Yrc gh^mJmMo ñdê$n {H$Vr {d{dY àH$mao Agy eH$ob `mMm Vnerb
Zm|X{dUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
g_mO hm {ejUmMm Cn^moº$m Amho. Ë`m_wio {ejUmH$Sy>Z Vmo H$moUË`m Anojm H$aVmo ho Ü`mZmV KoUo
ho H$m_ gmVË`mZo H$aUo _hÎdmMo Amho. Ë`mgmR>r g‘mO àgma_mÜ`_o, nmbH$ g§K BVa ñd`§godr g§KQ>Zm
Aem {d{dY _mJm©§Zr `m Anojm§Mm doY KoV amhUo ho {ejU ì`dñWoMo EH$ {ZË`mMo H$m_ Amho. VWm{n
Aä`mgH«$_mMr Zì`mZo AmIUr hmoV AgVmZm g_mOmMr {ejU {df`H$ _mJUr H$moUVr Amho ho g_Omdo
`mgmR>r V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$ê$Z Am{U Aä`mgH«$_m~Ôb MMm© KS>dyZ AmUyZ g_mO_mZg OmUyZ KoUo ho H$m_
hoVwnwañga hmoUo _hËËdmMo Amho. Ë`mgmR>r Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m ZoQ>da Q>mH$bm OmB©b Am{U gwYmaUm
gwM{dÊ`mMr _wXV {H$Vr Amho ho gdmªZm H$iob `mMr H$miOr KoVbr OmB©b.
Ë`mM ~amo~a Imbrb _mJmªZr g_mOmMm gh^mJ {_idUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
1. embo` Aä`mgH«$_mÀ`m A§_b~OmdUrV H$mhr àH$maMo gmYZ ñÌmoV ho ghOr {_iV ZmhrV.
CXmhaUmW© H$bm {df¶mgmR>r ñdV§Ì {ejH$ {_iUo ho AdKS> OmVo. Ë`mH$aVm g_mOm_Üò {MÌH$bm,
g§JrV, {eën Aem Jmoï>r òUmao ZmJ[aH$ emioer OmoSy>Z KoUo Am{U _wbm§Zm Ë`m§À`m H$m¡eë`mMm
\$m`Xm {_idyZ XoUo ho {Z`moOZ H$aVm òB©b. `mgmR>r emioZo g_mOmer ZmVo OmoS>Uo ho _hÎdmMo Amho.
g_mOmbm emim Amnbr dmQ>mdr `mgmR>r g_mOmMo àíZ gmoS>{dÊ¶mgmR>r emioZo nwT>mH$ma KoUo
ho KS>bo nm{hOo. g_mOmer g§dmX KS>Ê`mMr à{H«$`m gVV Mmby amhrb ho emioZo nm{hbo nm{hOo.
2. ZJanm{bH$m/ZJan[afX/n§Mm`VrZo H$m_mV emiobm H$moUVr _XV XoVm òB©b `mMm {dMma Am{U H¥$Vr
H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. `mgmR>r JmdmMr OÌm, JmdmMo {deof CËgd Aem Jmoï>tZm ñd`§godH$ bmJVmV
Vo emioZo nwadmdoV.Aem g§Yr emoYUo Am{U nwT>mH$ma KoUo `mgmR>r emim§Zr ì`dñWmnH$s` H$m¡eë`m§Mm
dmna H$amdm. Ho$di KoUmao Z hmoVm XoUmaohr ìhm`bm hdo ho gyÌÜ`mZmV R>odbo nm{hOo.
3. g_mOmÀ`m {d{dY joÌmVrb kmZ{df`H$ JaOm ^mJ{dÊ`mMr ^y{_H$m emiobm KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
CXmhaUmW© eoVr, Amamo½` `mgma»`m joÌmVrb ZdrZ _m{hVr hr XoÊ`mZo g_mOmbm emim Amnbr
dmQ>Vo.
emim Am{U g_mO ho EH$_oH$m§Zm nyaH$ åhUyZ EH$_oH$mÀ`m ghH$m`m©Zo dmJy bmJbo H$s
g_mOmÀ`m JaOm ^mJ{dUmao {ejU Am{U {ejUmH$S>o bj nwa{dUmam g_mO ho gh^mJmVyZ Ano{jV
Agbobo ZmVo {dH${gV hmoUo eŠ` hmoB©b.
Ë`m_wio {ejU g_mOmer gwg§JV Am{U g_mO {ejUmer gwg§JV Ago {MÌ {Z_m©U hmoB©b.
Xwgam nwT>mH$ma KoB©b `m AnojoV Z amhVm ghH$m`m©{edm` {dH$mg J{Verb hmoUma Zmhr hr IyUJmR>
g_mO Am{U emim `m XmoÝhr `§ÌUm§Zr ~m§YUo A{Zdm`© Amho.
***
9. {eúmUmMo ì`dñWmnZ
{eúmUmMr JwUdÎmm dmT>Ê`mgmR>r JwUdÎmmnyU© e¡úm{UH$ ì`dñWmnZ Amdí`H$ AgVo. {eúmUmÀ`m

ì`dñWmnZm_Üò amÁ` emgZm_Yrc e¡j{UH$ YmoaUo AmIUmar `§ÌUm, Ë`m YmoaUm§À`m A§_c~OmdUrgmR>r
H$m`©aV AgUmè`m amÁ`nmVirdarc g§ñWm Am{U `§ÌUm, {eúmH$ Am{U g_mO `m KQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo.
e¡úm{UH$ Üòò Am{U CX²{Xï>m§À`m nyVugmR>r `m gd© KQ>H$m§§_Yrc gwgyÌVm, g_Ýd`, ghH$m`© Am{U nañna
gm_§Oñ` {OVHo$ A{YH$ {VVHo$ {eúmUmMo ì`dñWmnZ JwUdÎmmnyU© R>ê$ eH$Vo. `m nmíd©^y_rda JwUdÎmmnyU©
e¡úm{UH$ ì`dñWmnZmMr g§H$ënZm ApñVËdmV òÊ`mgmR>r nwT>rc {e\$maer H$aÊ`mV òV AmhoV.
1. Aä`mgH«$_ {Z{_©Vr, e¡úm{UH$ H$m`©H«$_m§Mr AmIUr, e¡úm{UH$ g§emoYZo hmVr KoUo, _wcm§gmR>r nmR>çnwñVHo$,
AÜ``Z gm{hË` {dH${gV H$aUo, emcm§V narúmm§Mo Am`moOZ H$aUo `mgmaIr H$m_o H$aUmè`m amÁ`
nmVirdarc g§ñWm `m gÚpñWVrVrc {eúmUmMm {dñVma Am{U ^{dî`H$mcrZ JaOm {dMmamV KoD$Z VmVS>rZo
AmYw{ZH$sH$aU H$amdo. Ë`m_Üò ^m¡{VH$ gw{dYm, AË`mYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZ Am{U Cƒ{eúmrV Hw$ec VÁk
_Zwî`~imMm nwadR>m `m ~m~r g_m{dï> amhVrc.
2. `m g§ñWm§_Yrc nañna g_Ýd` Am{U ghH$m`© d¥ÜXtJV hmoÊ`mgmR>r Am{U Ë`m_Üò gmVË`mZo gwg§dmX
amhÊ`mgmR>r ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV `mdr.
3. `m g§ñWm§Zm Amnë`m e¡úm{UH$ O~m~Xmè`m nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r nwaoer d gwc^ ñdm`ÎmVm {_imdr.
4. amÁ`, {d^mJ, {Oëhm Am{U VmcwH$m `m nmVirdarc `§ÌUm§À`m {dhrV H$m`©nÜXVr_Üò gwgyÌÌm, EH$dmŠ`Vm
Am{U gwH$aVm AmUÊ`mV `mdr. `m `§ÌUm amÁ` nmVirdarc `§ÌUm§er gw{dhrVnUo g§c¾ H$amì`mV.
5. JwUdÎmmnyU© ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m VÎdmZwgma gd© emgH$s` `§ÌUm, ñWm{ZH$ ñdamÁ` g§ñWm, {eúmH$, g_mO Am{U
nmcH$ `m§_Üò nañna {dídmgmMo Am{U ghH$m`m©Mo ZmVo {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m`©H«$_ hmVr KoD$Z dmVmdaU
{Z{_©Vr H$amdr.
6. AmOÀ`m H$mimV H$mc~mø R>aUmè`m ~m~r Xya H$amì`mV.
7. e¡úm{UH$ ì`dñWmnZmMr H$m`©úm_Vm Am{U JVr dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r emimnmVirnmgyZ amÁ`nmVirn`ªV
g§JUH$àUmcr {dH${gV H$amdr. VgoM Q>o{cH$m°Ý\$apÝg¨J Am{U pìh{S>Amo H$m°Ý\$apÝg¨J `m _mÜ`_m§Mm à^mdr
dmna H$amdm.
8. e¡úm{UH$ ì`dñWmnZm_Üò ñWm{ZH$ g_mO Am{U nmcH$ `m§Mm gh^mJ KoÊ`mgmR>r H$m`©àUmcr {dhrV
H$aÊ`mV `mdr.
9. {d{dY nmVirda doimodoir OmUdV Agcoë`m AS>MUr Am{U ZOaog Amcoë`m ÌwQ>r doirM Xya Z Pmë`m_wio
ì`dñWmnZmMr {dídmgmh©Vm H$_r hmoVo. hr ~m~ {dMmamV KoD$Z Ë`m Ë`m nmVirda AS>MUr / ÌwQ>r Xya
H$aUmar ì`dñWm {Z_m©U H$amdr.
10. emim nmVirdarc Am{U dJ© nmVirdarc emco` ì`dñWmnZmV eŠ` VoWo OmUrdnyd©H$ {dÚmÏ`mªMm gh^mJ
¿`mdm.
***

Amá Aä MGH $ Amamis M 2010 GWXM: Hmamîq Emgz

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amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m

State Curriculum Framework

emco¶ {ejU {d^mJ

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 1

2. Aä¶mgH«$‘ {df¶H$ YmoaU

3. nmR>çnwñVHo$ d BVa e¡úm{UH$ gm{hË¶ {Z{‘©Vr

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 2

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 3

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 4

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 5

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 7

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 8

_hmamîQ´> amÁ`mVrb Aä`mgH«$_ d nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mr H$mhr R>iH$ d¡{eîQ>ço :

(2) amÁ`ñVar` {ejU-à{ejU

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 9

(4) AmUIr H$mhr d¡{eîQ>ço

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 10

1.3.1 ~mbH$m§Zm {ejUmMm A{YH$ma (àË`jmV) {_idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r H${Q>~X²YVm

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 13

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 15

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 16

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 17

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 19

1.3.7. {ejUmVyZ ñd-gm_Ï`m©Mr AmoiI

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 21

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 22

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 23

* {ejUmMr gd©gmYmaU CX²{Xï>o (B¶Îmm 1 cr Vo 12 dr )

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 25

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 26

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 27

‘mÜ¶{‘H$ (B. 9 dr d B. 10 dr)

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 28

Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ - (B. 11 dr d B. 12 dr)

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 30

{df¶ ¶moOZoVrb àñVm{dV ~Xb :

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 31

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 32

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 33

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 34

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 36

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 37

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 39

àË¶oH$ {dÚmÏ¶mªgmR>r gm‘mB©H$ gm{hË¶ {eúmH$m§gmR>r gm{hË¶

nmR>çnwñVHo$, ñdmÜ¶m¶nwpñVH$m, Vºo$, ‘moR>o ZH$meo {eúmH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m,

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 40

‘hÎdmÀ¶m ~m~r d {e’$maer

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 41

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 44

2. _yë`_mnZmMr gÚ{ñWVr - {Za{Zamù`m ñVamdarb _yë`_mnZmMr H$m`©dmhr.

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 45

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 47

5) _yë`_mnZ à{H«$`o_Yrb ~Xbm§{df`rÀ`m {e\$maer -

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 48

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 49

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 50

{eúmUmMr JwUdÎmm dmT>Ê`mgmR>r JwUdÎmmnyU© e¡úm{UH$ ì`dñWmnZ Amdí`H$ AgVo. {eúmUmÀ`m

amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 ‘gwXm Page 53

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