Look around you: Does what you see appear to be a disordered of the conditions that must have existed

st have existed at the moment of the Big Immediately after the Big Bang, forces that underpin and organize
jumble of matter haphazardly scattered this way and that? Of Bang and came up with a result that can only be described as the universe we live in had to be numerically "just right" otherwise
course not. But how could matter have formed organized galaxies astonishing. According to Davies, if the rate of expansion had there would have been no universe.
if it had been dispersed randomly? Why has matter accumulated at differed by more than 10 to the power of -18 seconds (one
certain points and formed stars? How could the delicate balance of quintillionth of a second), there would have been no universe.
These are the "four fundamental forces" that are recognized by
our solar system have emerged from a violent explosion? These Davies describes his conclusion:
modern physics. All structure and motion in the universe is
are very important questions and they lead us to the real question
governed by these four forces, known as the gravitational force,
of how the universe was structured after the Big Bang.
“Careful measurements puts the rate of expansion very close to a the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak
critical value at which the universe will just escape its own gravity nuclear force. The strong and weak nuclear forces operate only at
If the Big Bang was indeed a such cataclysmic explosion then it is and expand forever. A little slower and the cosmos would the atomic scale. The remaining two-the gravitational force and the
reasonable to expect that matter should have been scattered collapse, a little faster and the cosmic material would have long electromagnetic force-govern assemblages of atoms, in other
everywhere at random. And yet it is not. Instead it is organized into ago completely dispersed. It is interesting to ask precisely how words "matter". These four fundamental forces were at work in the
planets, and stars, and galaxies, and clusters of galaxies, and delicately the rate of expansion has been "fine tuned" to fall on immediate aftermath of the Big Bang and resulted in the creation of
superclusters of galaxies. It is as if a bomb that exploded in a this narrow dividing line between two catastrophes. If at time I S atoms and matter.
granary caused all the wheat to fall into neat sacks and bales on (by which the time pattern of expansion was already firmly
the backs of trucks ready to be delivered instead of showering the established) the expansion rate had differed from its actual value
A comparison of those forces is enlightening for their values are
grains every which way. Fred Hoyle, a staunch opponent of the Big by more than 10-18, it would have been sufficient to throw the
stunningly different from one another. Below they are given in
Bang theory for years, expressed his own surprise at this structure: delicate balance out. The explosive vigour of the universe is thus
international standard units:
“The big bang theory holds that the universe began with a single matched with almost unbelievable accuracy to its gravitating
explosion. Yet as can be seen below, an explosion merely throws power. The big bang was not evidently, any old bang, but an
matter apart, while the big bang has mysteriously produced the explosion of exquisitely arranged magnitude.” Strong nuclear force : 15
opposite effect- with matter clumping together in the form of Weak nuclear force: 7.03 x 10-3
galaxies.” Electromagnetic force: 3.05 x 10-12
If the density of the universe was a little bit more, in that case,
Gravitational force: 5.90 x 10-39
according to Einstein's relativity theory, the universe would not be
That the matter produced by the Big Bang should have formed expanding due to the attraction forces of atomic particles but
such tidy and organized shapes is indeed an extraordinary thing. contracting, ultimately diminishing to a spot. If the initial density Notice how great are the differences in the strengths of these four
The occurrence of such a harmony leads us to the realization that had been a little bit less, then the universe would rapidly be fundamental forces. The difference between the strongest (strong
the universe was the result of its perfect creation by God. expanding, but in this case, atomic particles would not be nuclear force) and the weakest (gravitational force) is about 25
attracting each other and no stars and no galaxies would ever followed by 38 zeros! Why should this be so?
have formed. Consequently, man would never come into
The Speed of the Explosion existence! According to the calculations, the difference between
The molecular biologist Michael Denton addresses this question in
the initial real density of the universe and its critical density, which
his book, Nature's Destiny: If, for example, the gravitational force
People hearing of the Big Bang but not considering the subject at is unlikely to occur, is less than one percent's one quadrillion.
was a trillion times stronger, then the universe would be far smaller
length do not think about what an extraordinary plan must lie This is similar to place a pencil in a position so that it can stand
and its life history far shorter. An average star would have a mass
behind this explosion. That's because the notion of an explosion on its sharp end even after one billion years… Furthermore, as
a trillion times less than the sun and a life span of about one year.
doesn't suggest harmony, plan, or organization to most people. In the universe expands, this equilibrium becomes more delicate.
On the other hand, if gravity had been less powerful, no stars or
fact there are a number of very puzzling aspects to the intricate Even Stephen Hawking, who tries hard to explain away the
galaxies would have ever formed. The other relationships and
order in the Big Bang. One of these puzzles has to do with the creation of the universe as a series coincidences in A Brief
values are no less critical. If the strong force had been just slightly
acceleration caused by the explosion. When the explosion took History of Time, acknowledges the extraordinary equilibrium in
weaker, the only element that would be stable would be hydrogen.
place, matter certainly must have begun moving at an enormous the rate of expansion:
No other atoms could exist. If it had been slightly stronger in
speed in every direction. But there is another point that we need to relation to electromagnetism, then an atomic nucleus consisting of
pay attention to here. There must also have been a very big If the rate of expansion one second after the big bang had been only two protons would be a stable feature of the universe-which
attractive force at the first moment of the explosion: an attractive smaller by even one part in a hundred thousand million million, would mean there would be no hydrogen, and if any stars or
force that was strong enough to gather the whole universe into one the universe would have recollapsed before it ever reached its galaxies evolved, they would be very different from the way they
point. present size. What then does such a remarkable equilibrium as are. Clearly, if these various forces and constants did not have
this indicate? The only rational answer to that question is that it is precisely the values they do, there would be no stars, no
Two different and opposing forces are at work here. The force of proof of conscious design and cannot possibly be accidental. supernovae, no planets, no atoms, no life.
the explosion, driving matter outward and away, and the force of Despite his own materialist bent, Dr Davies admits this himself:
attraction, trying to resist the first and pull everything back together. Paul Davies comments on how the laws of physics provide for
The universe came into being because these two forces were in It is hard to resist that the present structure of the universe, conditions ideal for people to live: “Had nature opted for a slightly
equilibrium. If the attractive force had been greater than the apparently so sensitive to minor alterations in the numbers, has different set of numbers, the world would be a very different place.
explosive, the universe would have collapsed. If the opposite had been rather carefully thought out… The seemingly miraculous Probably we would not be here to see it…Recent discoveries
been true, matter would have been splattered in every direction in concurrence of numerical values that nature has assigned to her about the primeval cosmos oblige us to accept that the expanding
a way never to unite again. fundamental constants must remain the most compelling universe has been set up in its motion with a cooperation of
evidence for an element of cosmic design. astonishing precision.”
Then how sensitive was this equilibrium? How much "slack" could
there have been between the two forces? The Four Forces Arno Penzias, who was the first, along with Robert Wilson to detect
the cosmic background radiation (for which discovery the pair
The mathematical physicist Paul Davies, a professor at the received a Nobel prize in 1965), comments on the beautiful design
The speed of the Big Bang's explosion is only one of the in the universe: “Astronomy leads us to a unique event, a universe
University of Adelaide in Australia, performed lengthy calculations
remarkable states of equilibrium at the initial moment of creation.
which was created out of nothing, one with the very delicate 10000000000000000000000000000000 direction of the winds, and the clouds subservient
balance needed to provide exactly the conditions required to 00000000000000000000000000000000 between heaven and earth, there are Signs for people
permit life, and one which has underlying (one might say 00000000000000000000000000000000 who use their intellect.” (Surat al-Baqara:164)
"supernational") plan. 00000000000000000000000000000000

The
10
____________________________________________________F
The scientists we have just quoted have all drawn an important or more info: www.islamindex.com
conclusion from their observations. Examining and thinking about

Equilibrium
the incredible balances and their beautiful order in the design of
It is hard even to imagine what this number means. In math, the
universe inevitably leads one to a truth: There exists in this
value 10123 means 1 followed by 123 zeros. (This is, by the way,
universe a superior design and a perfect harmony. Unquestionably
more than the total number of atoms 1078 believed to exist in the

behind the
the Author of this design and harmony is Allah, Who has created
whole universe.) But Penrose's answer is vastly more than this: It
everything flawlessly. Allah draws our attention in one of His verses
requires 1 followed by 10123 zeros. Or consider: 103 means 1,000,
to the order in the creation of the universe, planned, and computed
a thousand. 10103 is a number that that has 1 followed by 1000

Explosion
in every detail:
zeros. If there are six zeros, it's called a million; if nine, a billion; if
twelve, a trillion and so on. There is not even a name for a
He to whom the kingdom of the heavens and the number that has 1 followed by 10123 zeros.
earth belongs. He does not have a son and He has
no partner in the Kingdom. He created everything
In practical terms, in mathematics, a probability of 1 in 10 50
and determined it most exactly. (Surat al-Furqan: 2)
means "zero probability". Penrose's number is more than trillion
trillion trillion times less than that. In short, Penrose's number tells
The Mathematics of Probability Refutes "Coincidence" us that the 'accidental" or "coincidental" creation of our universe
is an impossibility.
What has been said so far shows the extraordinary balances
among the forces that make human life possible in this universe. Concerning this mind-boggling number Roger Penrose
The speed of the Big Bang's explosion, the values of the four comments: This now tells how precise the Creator's aim must
fundamental forces, and all the other variables that we will be have been, namely to an accuracy of one part in 1010123. This is
examining in the chapters ahead and which are vital for existence an extraordinary figure. One could not possibly even write the
have been arranged according to an extraordinary precision. number down in full in the ordinary denary notation: it would be 1
followed by 10123 successive 0's. Even if we were to write a 0 on
each separate proton and on each separate neutron in the entire
Let us now make a brief digression and consider the coincidence universe- and we could throw in all the other particles for good
theory of materialism. Coincidence is a mathematical term and the measure- we should fall far short of writing down the figure
possibility of an event's occurrence can be calculated using the needed.
mathematics of probability. Let's do so. Taking the physical
variables into account, what is the likelihood of a universe giving us
life coming into existence by coincidence? One in billions of
billions? Or trillions of trillions of trillions? Or more? Roger
The numbers defining the design and plan of the universe's
equilibrium play a crucial role and exceed comprehension. They The Big Bang
prove that the universe is by no means the product of a
Theory and Devine
Penrose, a famous British mathematician and a close friend of
Stephen Hawking, wondered about this question and tried to coincidence, and show us "how precise the Creator's aim must
calculate the probability. Including what he considered to be all have been" as Penrose stated.
variables required for human beings to exist and live on a planet
such as ours, he computed the probability of this environment
guidance
In fact in order to recognize that the universe is not a "product of
occurring among all the possible results of the Big Bang. According coincidences" one does not really need any of these calculations
to Penrose, the odds against such an occurrence were on the at all. Simply by looking around himself, a person can easily
order of 1010^123 to 1. perceive the fact of creation in even the tiniest details of what he
sees. How could a universe like this, perfect in its systems, the
sun, the earth, people, houses, cars, trees, flowers, insects, and
THE PROBABILITY OF THE OCCURRENCE OF A all the other things in it ever have come into existence as the
UNIVERSE IN WHICH LIFE CAN FORM result of atoms falling together by chance after an explosion?
The calculations of British mathematician Roger Every detail we peer at shows the evidence of Allah's existence
Penrose show that the probability of universe and supreme power. Only people who reflect can grasp these
conducive to life occurring by chance is in 1010^123. signs.
The phrase "extremely unlikely" is inadequate to
describe this possibility. “In the creation of the heavens and earth, and
the alternation of the night and day, and the ships
which sail the seas to people's benefit, and the water
which Allah sends down from the sky- by which He
brings the earth to life when it was dead and scatters
about in it creatures of every kind - and the varying
What is the probability of
the Occurance of a