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    Indirect Speech

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    api-3711358
    Indirect or reported speech refers to recounting what someone else has said without using their exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, the tense of the reporting verb and any verbs in the quoted speech must be changed. Pronouns and adverbs referring to time and place are also typically changed to be consistent with the new tense. For example, "I am 20 years old" would become "She said she was 20 years old" in indirect speech.

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    Indirect Speech

    Uploaded by

    api-3711358
    184 views2 pages
    Indirect or reported speech refers to recounting what someone else has said without using their exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, the tense of the reporting verb and any verbs in the quoted speech must be changed. Pronouns and adverbs referring to time and place are also typically changed to be consistent with the new tense. For example, "I am 20 years old" would become "She said she was 20 years old" in indirect speech.

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    Indirect or reported speech refers to recounting what someone else has said without using their exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, the tense of the reporting verb and any verbs in the quoted speech must be changed. Pronouns and adverbs referring to time and place are also typically changed to be consistent with the new tense. For example, "I am 20 years old" would become "She said she was 20 years old" in indirect speech.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    184 views2 pages

    Indirect Speech

    Uploaded by

    api-3711358
    Indirect or reported speech refers to recounting what someone else has said without using their exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, the tense of the reporting verb and any verbs in the quoted speech must be changed. Pronouns and adverbs referring to time and place are also typically changed to be consistent with the new tense. For example, "I am 20 years old" would become "She said she was 20 years old" in indirect speech.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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    Indirect/reported speech

    Refers to the means of expressing what a person has said by reproducing


    either the exact words, or the essence. The words of the speaker are introduced
    by a reporting verb like: say, tell, ask, answer, declare, exclaim, etc……
    When direct speech is converted into indirect speech, changes take
    place. They concern the tense, the pronouns, the adverbial modifies of place
    and time – all these, when the reported speech is introduced by a verb in the
    past tense.

    VERB TRANSFORMATIONS:

    DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

    Present simple Past simple


    “I am 20 years old”, she said. She said she was 20 years old.
    Present continuous Past continuous
    “I’m making a cake” now She informed him she was
    making a cake then.
    Past simple Past perfect
    “I talked to him yesterday”. She answered that she had
    talked to him the day before.
    Present perfect simple Past perfect
    “I have already done my homework!” She exclaimed she had already done
    her homework.
    Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
    “I have been reading all day”. She complained she had been reading
    all day.
    Past continuous Past perfect continuous
    “What were you doing there?” She asked (me) what I had been doing
    there.
    Future Future in the past
    “I will do it, I promise.” She promised she would do it.

    OTHER TRANSFORMATIONS

    I – he/she you – I/we


    me – him/her you – me/us
    my – his/her your – my/our
    mine – his/hers yours – mine/ours
    we – they this - these
    us – they these - those
    our – their
    ours – theirs

    ADVERBS/adverbials of time/place

    today –yesterday
    yesterday – the day before/previous day
    the day before yesterday – two days before
    ago – before
    now – then
    tomorrow – the following/next day
    the day after tomorrow – two days later
    next week/month/year – the following week/month/year
    last week/month/year – the previous week/month/year
    here – there
    this week/month – that week/month
    in this place – in that place
    today – (on) that day

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