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    3D Stress: Mostly From Ragan and Schultz, Unpublished

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    Hesham Hussein
    This document discusses calculating traction vectors from stress tensors. It provides examples of resolving traction vectors from stress tensors oriented at different angles, as well as an example application to normal faulting conditions in the South Mountains. The key steps are: 1) defining the stress tensor and orientation; 2) rotating the stress tensor using a rotation matrix; 3) calculating the traction vector by multiplying the rotated stress tensor by the fault normal vector; and 4) resolving the traction vector into normal and shear components.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    3D Stress: Mostly From Ragan and Schultz, Unpublished

    Uploaded by

    Hesham Hussein
    52 views26 pages
    This document discusses calculating traction vectors from stress tensors. It provides examples of resolving traction vectors from stress tensors oriented at different angles, as well as an example application to normal faulting conditions in the South Mountains. The key steps are: 1) defining the stress tensor and orientation; 2) rotating the stress tensor using a rotation matrix; 3) calculating the traction vector by multiplying the rotated stress tensor by the fault normal vector; and 4) resolving the traction vector into normal and shear components.

    Original Title

    Lecture16_3Dstress

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document discusses calculating traction vectors from stress tensors. It provides examples of resolving traction vectors from stress tensors oriented at different angles, as well as an example application to normal faulting conditions in the South Mountains. The key steps are: 1) defining the stress tensor and orientation; 2) rotating the stress tensor using a rotation matrix; 3) calculating the traction vector by multiplying the rotated stress tensor by the fault normal vector; and 4) resolving the traction vector into normal and shear components.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    52 views26 pages

    3D Stress: Mostly From Ragan and Schultz, Unpublished

    Uploaded by

    Hesham Hussein
    This document discusses calculating traction vectors from stress tensors. It provides examples of resolving traction vectors from stress tensors oriented at different angles, as well as an example application to normal faulting conditions in the South Mountains. The key steps are: 1) defining the stress tensor and orientation; 2) rotating the stress tensor using a rotation matrix; 3) calculating the traction vector by multiplying the rotated stress tensor by the fault normal vector; and 4) resolving the traction vector into normal and shear components.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    3D stress

    Mostly from Ragan and Schultz,


    unpublished
    Note sign convention change
    Tractions from stress
    Tractions from stress

    T=S*N (MATLAB)
    Traction normal and shear
    components

    sigma=dot(T,N) (MATLAB)
    Traction normal and shear
    components
    S = [-50 -20 10; -20 -30 -15; 10 -15 -120] %we know the orientation of the normal
    traction, but what is its magnitude?
    [l,m,n] =plunge_trend_to_dir_cosines(30,290); sigma = dot(T,N);%equation 13.13

    N=[l;m;n]; %Now for the shear traction; use the


    McKenzie construction
    T=S*N; %equation 13.11 B = cross(T,N); %vector normal to the plane
    T_mag = sqrt(sum(T.^2)); containing T and N
    B_mag = sqrt(B(1)^2 + B(2)^2 + B(3)^2);
    %normalize components of T to get its direction lb = B(1)./B_mag;
    cosines mb = B(2)./B_mag;
    lt=T(1)./T_mag; mt = T(2)./T_mag; nt = nb = B(3)./B_mag;
    T(3)./T_mag;
    Ts = cross(N,B); %shear traction direction
    %plot traction vector Ts_mag = sqrt(Ts(1)^2 + Ts(2)^2 + Ts(3)^2);
    [plunge, trend] = Ts(1) = Ts(1)./Ts_mag;
    dir_cosines_to_plunge_trend2(lt, mt, nt); Ts(2) = Ts(2)./Ts_mag;
    Ts(3) = Ts(3)./Ts_mag;

    %let's check that the normal and shear are


    components of the traction
    testmag = sqrt(sum(sigma.^2 + Ts_mag.^2));
    traction vector components are 6.4660 10.9900 -44.8311
    traction magnitude 46.6091
    traction vector direction cosines 0.1387 0.2358 -0.9619
    traction plunge = 74.1 trend = 239.5
    normal traction mag -29.44 shear traction mag 36.13
    check that components make same length as traction:
    46.6091 =?= 46.6091

    N, sigma

    T
    tau
    Traction from principal stresses
    Traction from principal stresses
    alpha1 = 45; alpha2 = 60;

    S = [120 0 0; 0 80 0; 0 0 20] %we know the orientation of the normal


    l = cosd(alpha1); traction, but what is its magnitude?
    m = cosd(alpha2); sigma = dot(T,N);%equation 13.13
    n = sqrt(1 - l.^2 - m.^2);
    N =[l;m;n]; %Now for the shear traction use; the
    [plunge, trend] = dir_cosines_to_plunge_trend(l, m, McKenzie construction
    n);%pole to plane B = cross(T,N); %vector normal to the plane
    containing T and N
    ld = -l; md = -m; nd = cosd(asind(n)); B_mag = sqrt(B(1)^2 + B(2)^2 + B(3)^2);
    [dip, dipdir] = dir_cosines_to_plunge_trend(ld, md, lb = B(1)./B_mag;
    nd);%plane itself mb = B(2)./B_mag;
    nb = B(3)./B_mag;

    T=S*N; %equation 13.11 Ts = cross(N,B); %shear traction direction


    Ts_mag = sqrt(Ts(1)^2 + Ts(2)^2 + Ts(3)^2);
    T_mag = sqrt(sum(T.^2)); Ts(1) = Ts(1)./Ts_mag;
    Ts(2) = Ts(2)./Ts_mag;
    %normalize components of T to get its direction Ts(3) = Ts(3)./Ts_mag;
    cosines
    lt=T(1)./T_mag; mt = T(2)./T_mag; nt = T(3)./T_mag;

    %plot traction vector


    [plunge, trend] = dir_cosines_to_plunge_trend2(lt,
    mt, nt);
    plotdiamond(plunge,trend);
    S=
    120 0 0
    0 80 0
    0 0 20
    P l = 0.7071 m = 0.5000 n = 0.5000
    traction vector components are 84.8528 40.0000 10.0000
    traction magnitude 94.3398
    traction vector direction cosines 0.8994 0.4240 0.1060
    traction plunge = 6.1 trend = 25.2
    normal traction mag 85.00 shear traction mag 40.93
    check that components make same length as traction: 94.3398 =?= 94.3398

    N, sigma
    B

    tau
    -O. Zielke
    Full stress tensor rotation example
    With 1 oriented 020, 2 oriented 110 and 3 vertical Given S =
    S=
    1 0 0 -100 0 0
    0 2 0 0 -50 0
    0 0 3 0 0 -10
    xprime l = 0.9397 m = 0.3420 n = 0.0000
    yprime l = -0.3420 m = 0.9397 n = 0.0000
    zprime l = -0.0000 m = -0.0000 n = 1.0000
    checks for orthogonality:
    xy 0.0000 xz 0.0000 yz 0.0000

    R =

    0.9397 -0.3420 0
    0.3420 0.9397 0
    0 0 1.0000

    rotatedS =

    -94.1511 16.0697 0
    16.0697 -55.8489 0
    0 0 -10.0000
    %MATLAB main script
    %buildrotationmatrix2(xprimetrend, xprimeplunge, yprimetrend,yprimeplunge,zprimetrend,zprimeplunge, talkandplot)
    R = buildrotationmatrix2( 20, 0, 110, 0, 0, 90, 1)

    S = [-100 0 0; 0 -50 0; 0 0 -10]

    rotatedS = R'*S*R

    function [R] = buildrotationmatrix2(xprimetrend, xprimeplunge,


    yprimetrend,yprimeplunge,zprimetrend,zprimeplunge, talkandplot)
    %This takes the orientation of the original coordinate system as trends and
    %plunges and
    %computes the direction cosines of the final coordinate system and then
    %provides the rotation matrix of the form:
    % l l' l''
    % R = m m' m''
    % n n' n"
    %assumes the angles are in degrees
    %assume that you want to rotate to north south
    X = [1 0 0];
    Y = [0 1 0];
    Z = [0 0 1];

    [xprime(1), xprime(2) xprime(3)] =plunge_trend_to_dir_cosines(xprimeplunge,xprimetrend);


    [yprime(1), yprime(2) yprime(3)] =plunge_trend_to_dir_cosines(yprimeplunge,yprimetrend);
    [zprime(1), zprime(2) zprime(3)] =plunge_trend_to_dir_cosines(zprimeplunge,zprimetrend);
    %check to make sure you put them in right and they are orthogonal:
    checkxy = dot(xprime,yprime);
    checkxz = dot(xprime,zprime);
    checkyz = dot(yprime,zprime);

    if talkandplot==1
    fprintf(1,'xprime l = %3.4f m = %3.4f n = %3.4f\n', xprime(1), xprime(2), xprime(3))
    fprintf(1,'yprime l = %3.4f m = %3.4f n = %3.4f\n', yprime(1), yprime(2), yprime(3))
    fprintf(1,'zprime l = %3.4f m = %3.4f n = %3.4f\n', zprime(1), zprime(2), zprime(3))
    fprintf(1,'checks for orthogonality: xy %3.4f xz %3.4f yz %3.4f\n', checkxy, checkxz, checkyz)
    primitive1;
    text(0,1, 'N', 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center', 'VerticalAlignment', 'bottom')
    plotdiamond(xprimeplunge,xprimetrend);
    plotdiamond(yprimeplunge,yprimetrend);
    plotdiamond(zprimeplunge,zprimetrend);
    %plot final coordinate system
    [plunge, trend] = dir_cosines_to_plunge_trend2(X(1), X(2), X(3));
    plotpoint(plunge,trend);
    [plunge, trend] = dir_cosines_to_plunge_trend2(Y(1), Y(2), Y(3));
    plotpoint(plunge,trend);
    [plunge, trend] = dir_cosines_to_plunge_trend2(Z(1), Z(2), Z(3));
    plotpoint(plunge,trend);
    end

    R(1,1) = X*xprime';
    R(1,2) = X*yprime';
    R(1,3) = X*zprime';
    R(2,1) = Y*xprime';
    R(2,2) = Y*yprime';
    R(2,3) = Y*zprime';
    R(3,1) = Z*xprime';
    R(3,2) = Z*yprime';
    R(3,3) = Z*zprime';
    Example application to South
    Mountains faults
    %Set up Receiver Fault
    %We are interested in a plane with P(75,225)
    poleplunge=45;
    poletrend =225;

    [l,m,n]
    =plunge_trend_to_dir_cosines(poleplunge,poletrend);
    ld1 = -l; md1 = -m; nd1 = cosd(poleplunge);
    [dip, dipdir] = dir_cosines_to_plunge_trend(ld1, md1,
    nd1);

    N=[l;m;n];

    dip is 45.0 and dip dir is 45.0


    Example application to South
    %Set up stress tensor
    Mountains faults
    %assume that the principal stresses are appropriate for normal faulting
    %conditions so maximum stress is the vertical stress
    sv = -26.7.*12; %assume 26.5 MPa per km and 12 km depth
    shmin = sv.*0.1; %assume the 1 direction is the minimum horizontal stress and is 10%
    shmax = sv.*0.25; %assume the 2 direction is intermediate
    S = [shmin 0 0;
    0 shmax 0;
    0 0 sv]
    %buildrotationmatrix2(xprimetrend, xprimeplunge, yprimetrend,yprimeplunge,zprimetrend,zprimeplunge, talkandplot)
    R = buildrotationmatrix2( 30, 0, 120, 0, 0, 90, 1)

    rotatedS = R'*S*R
    S =

    -32.0400 0 0
    0 -80.1000 0
    0 0 -320.4000

    xprime l = 0.8660 m = 0.5000 n = 0.0000


    yprime l = -0.5000 m = 0.8660 n = 0.0000
    zprime l = -0.0000 m = -0.0000 n = 1.0000
    checks for orthogonality: xy 0.0000 xz 0.0000 yz 0.0000

    R =

    0.8660 -0.5000 0
    0.5000 0.8660 0
    0 0 1.0000

    rotatedS =

    -44.0550 -20.8106 0
    -20.8106 -68.0850 0
    0 0 -320.4000
    Example application to South
    Mountains faults
    %Now resolve the stresses
    T=rotatedS*N; %equation 13.11

    T_mag = sqrt(sum(T.^2));

    %normalize components of T to get its direction cosines


    lt=T(1)./T_mag; mt = T(2)./T_mag; nt = T(3)./T_mag;

    %plot traction vector


    [plunge, trend] = dir_cosines_to_plunge_trend2(lt, mt, nt);

    %we know the orientation of the normal traction,


    %but what is its magnitude?
    sigma = dot(T,N); %equation 13.13

    traction vector components are 32.4328 44.4478 -226.5570


    traction magnitude 233.1428
    traction vector direction cosines 0.1391 0.1906 -0.9718
    traction plunge = 76.3 trend = 233.9
    normal traction mag -198.64
    Example application to South
    Mountains faults
    %Now for the shear traction; use the McKenzie construction
    B = cross(T,N); %vector normal to the plane containing T and N
    B_mag = sqrt(B(1)^2 + B(2)^2 + B(3)^2);
    lb = B(1)./B_mag;
    mb = B(2)./B_mag;
    nb = B(3)./B_mag;

    [plunge, trend] = dir_cosines_to_plunge_trend2(lb,mb,nb);

    Ts = cross(N,B); %shear traction direction


    Ts_mag = sqrt(Ts(1)^2 + Ts(2)^2 + Ts(3)^2);
    Ts(1) = Ts(1)./Ts_mag; shear traction mag 122.06
    Ts(2) = Ts(2)./Ts_mag; check that components make
    Ts(3) = Ts(3)./Ts_mag; same length as traction: 233.1428 =?= 233.1428
    [plunge, trend] = dir_cosines_to_plunge_trend2(Ts(1), Ts(2),
    Ts(3));

    %let's check that the normal and shear are components of the
    traction
    testmag = sqrt(sum(sigma.^2 + Ts_mag.^2));
    %Haddad station 142

    strike = 340;
    measured_dip = 32;
    slickenlinetrend = 075;
    slickenlineplunge = 24;

    Angular misfit between resolved traction and observed slickenline = 4.7


    Haddad station 142
    Arrowsmith station 10

    dip is 35.0 and dip dir is 325.0


    Measured slickenline plunge = 35.0 and trend = 325.0
    Intersection plunge = 35.0 and trend = 325.0
    Angular difference = 0.0

    normal traction mag -225.85 shear traction mag 135.18


    check that components make same length as traction: 263.2159 =?= 263.2159
    Angular misfit between resolved traction and observed slickenline = 2.7
    Arrowsmith station 10

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