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    Short Note Chemistry Form 5-Chapter 4 Thermochemistry

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    salamah_sabri
    This document discusses different types of heat changes that can occur during chemical reactions. It defines exothermic reactions as releasing heat and endothermic reactions as absorbing heat. It introduces the concept of an energy level diagram to show the energy changes of reactants and products. Different formulas are provided to calculate heat changes and various heat of reactions like combustion, neutralization, and displacement. Examples of exothermic and endothermic processes are given.

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    Short Note Chemistry Form 5-Chapter 4 Thermochemistry

    Uploaded by

    salamah_sabri
    4K views4 pages
    This document discusses different types of heat changes that can occur during chemical reactions. It defines exothermic reactions as releasing heat and endothermic reactions as absorbing heat. It introduces the concept of an energy level diagram to show the energy changes of reactants and products. Different formulas are provided to calculate heat changes and various heat of reactions like combustion, neutralization, and displacement. Examples of exothermic and endothermic processes are given.

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    This document discusses different types of heat changes that can occur during chemical reactions. It defines exothermic reactions as releasing heat and endothermic reactions as absorbing heat. It introduces the concept of an energy level diagram to show the energy changes of reactants and products. Different formulas are provided to calculate heat changes and various heat of reactions like combustion, neutralization, and displacement. Examples of exothermic and endothermic processes are given.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4K views4 pages

    Short Note Chemistry Form 5-Chapter 4 Thermochemistry

    Uploaded by

    salamah_sabri
    This document discusses different types of heat changes that can occur during chemical reactions. It defines exothermic reactions as releasing heat and endothermic reactions as absorbing heat. It introduces the concept of an energy level diagram to show the energy changes of reactants and products. Different formulas are provided to calculate heat changes and various heat of reactions like combustion, neutralization, and displacement. Examples of exothermic and endothermic processes are given.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    c

    CHAPTER 4 : THERMOCHEMISTRYcc

    An exothermic reaction is a reaction that releases heat into the


    surroundings.The dilution of concentrated acid using water is an example of an
    endothermic reaction.The energy level diagram is a graph that shows the
    energy content of the reactants and products of the reaction.c

    c
    Table 13.1 Heat is released from the chemicals into its surroundings during
    an exothermic reactionc

    The energy level diagram is a graph that shows the energy content of the
    reactants and products of the reaction.Heat energy is absorbed when chemical
    bonds of a compound are broken.

    c
    c

    c
    ccccTable 13.2 Energy level diagram of an endothermic reaction
    On the other hand,heat energy is released when the chemical bonds are
    reformed.The exothermic and endothermic reaction are used in the making of
    hot and cold packs.Heat of reaction is defined as the heat change that occurs
    when 1 mol of substance reacts or when 1 mol of product is formed.
    A negatively marked heat of reaction, cshows an exothermic reaction.A
    positively marked heat of reaction shows an endothermic reaction,Heat
    change is the quantity of heat that is released or absorbed in a reaction. c

    Heat change in a reaction can be calculated using yhe following formula:c

    Heat changec

    = solution mass x specific heat capacity x


    temperature changec

    = mcøc

    The heat of reaction can be calculated using the formula:c

    Heat of precipitation is the heat change when 1 mol of precipitate


    forms.Heat of displacement is the heat that is released when 1 mol of metal
    is displaced from its salt solution by more electropositive metal.c

    Table 13.3 Types of heat of reactionc

    The heat of displacement that is obtained from the laboratory activity is


    less than the actual value because part of the heat has been c

    a) lost to the surroundingsc


    b) absorbed by the containerc

    Heat of neutralisation is the heat that is released when 1 mol of


    hydrogen ions,H+, neutralises 1 mol of hydroxide ion,OH-, to form 1 mol of
    hydroxide ion,OH-, to form 1 mol of water,H2O.The heat of neutralisation
    value of a reaction that involves a diprotic acid is twice that of the heat of
    neutralisation value for a reaction that involves a monoprotic acid.c

    The heat of neutralisation of a reaction between a weak acid and a


    strong alkali .This is because heat must be absorbed to overcome the bonds in
    a weak acid molecule,in order to ionise it.Heat of combustion is the heat that
    is released when 1 mol of substanc is fully burned in excess oxygen c

    Heat of combustion is the heat that is released when 1 mol of substanc is


    fully burned in excess oxygen .The more carbon and hydrogen atoms per
    molecule of alcohol, the more heat that is released when 1 mol of fuel is
    combusted.The fuel value is a measurement of the energy content of a
    fuel.The fuel value is a measurement of the energy content of a fuel.The fuel
    that is chosen must be one that has a high fuel value but low fuel price.c

    cccccc c cccTable 13.4 Fuel values of various types of fuelc


    c

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