JARS

WHAT IS JARRING
Jarring is a process of transferring stored strain energy

(drill pipe stretch) in to Kinetic energy by releasing the

detent (delay mechanism) in the jar.
• Kinetic Energy = ½ M x V2
• M is the mass of weight members above jar
• V is the velocity
• When the jar trips, the energy is released providing a
sudden Impact
 TYPES OF JARS

FISHING JARS DRILLING JARS SURFACE

JARS

HYD. MECH. 1. HYDRAULIC

MECH.
2. HYD/MECH
 HYDRAULIC UP JAR
• STRAIGHT PULL OPERATED JAR, NO PRIOR SETTING
• VARIABLE IMPACT, OPERATES IN A CLOSED HYDRAULIC ENVELOP
• USED DURING FISHING, DST & CORING
HYDRAULIC JARS
• Hydraulic jars use a hydraulic fluid to delay the firing of the jar
until the driller can apply appropriate load to the string to
give a high impact
• Time delay is provided by hydraulic fluid being forced
through small ports or series of jets
• Hydraulic jar firing delay is dependent upon combination of
load & time
MECHANICAL JARS
• Mechanical jars have a preset load that causes the jar to trip
•Thus they are sensitive to load & not to time
HYDRAULIC/MECHANICAL DRILLING JARS (NOV)
• HYDRAULIC DELAY UPSTROKE & MECHANICAL DOWN STROKE
• FEATURES A MECHANICAL LATCH
• JET TYPE METERING DEVICE FOR HYDRAULIC DELAY
• JAR PLACEMENT CAN BE IN TENSION OR COMPRESSION

DOUBLE ACTING HYDRAULIC/MECHANICAL

DRILLING JARS (NOV)
• HYDRAULIC DELAY UPSTROKE & DOWN STROKE
• FEATURES A MECHANICAL LATCH
• JET TYPE METERING DEVICE FOR HYDRAULIC DELAY
• JAR PLACEMENT CAN BE IN TENSION OR COMPRESSION
POWER STROKE HYDRAULIC DRILLING JARS (NOV)
• HYDRAULIC DELAY UPSTROKE & DOWN STROKE
• NO MECHANICAL LATCH
• SEAL CONE TYPE METERING SYSTEM FOR HYDRAULIC DELAY
• JAR PLACEMENT CAN BE IN TENSION OR COMPRESSION
JAR PLACEMENT IN TENSION
•The weight of BHA below jar plus the ‘pump open force’ tends to keep the jar
in open position
JAR PLACEMENT IN COMPRESSION
•The jar will normally be in tension when the bit reaches bottom. Jar needs to
be triggered down with a light blow in order to avoid any damage to bit
•Jar will cock to neutral position whenever string is lifted off bottom. Therefore
above procedure of triggering down with light blow shall be repeated every
time a connection is made
 DRILLING JAR OPERATIONS
FOLLOWING INFO SHOULD BE AVAILBALE PRIOR TO
MAKING CALCULATIONS FOR JARRING
• Normal pick-up weight
• Normal set down weight
• Free rotating weight
• BHA weight below jar
• Jar Internal Friction
• Pump Open Force
• Maximum jar load
• Up latch setting (hydraulic/mechanical jars)
• Down latch setting (hydraulic /mechanical jars)
JARRING SHOULD START IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION TO
THAT WHICH GOT THE STRING STUCK
 PUMP OPEN FORCE (POF)

• DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE EXISTS BETWEEN THE

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE JAR
• FORCE THAT RESULTS FROM THIS DIFFERENTIAL
PRESSURE IS PUMP OPEN FORCE
Area • IT ACTS ON THE WASH PIPE AREA
Force • PUMP OPEN FORCE RESISTS THE JAR CLOSURE
• POF= WASH PIPE AREA x DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
• DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED
FROM CALCULATED BIT PRESSURE LOSSES
• IT HELPS IN UP JARRING, OPPOSES IN COCKING THE
UP JAR, OPPOSES FIRING OF DOWN JAR & ASSIST IN
COCKING THE DOWN JAR
 DRILLING JAR CALCULATIONS
TO COCK JARS FROM THE FULL OPEN POSITION- SET
WEIGHT INDICATORS TO:
• Normal set down weight
• (-) BHA weight below jar
• (-) Jar Friction
• (-) Pump Open Force
TO COCK JARS FROM THE FULL CLOSED POSITION- SET
WEIGHT INDICATORS TO:
• Normal pick-up weight
• (-) BHA weight below jar
• (+) Jar Friction
• (-) Pump Open Force
 DRILLING JAR CALCULATIONS
TO DELIVER AN UP BLOW - SET WEIGHT INDICATORS TO:
• Normal pick-up
• (-) BHA weight below jar
• (-) Pump Open Force
• (+) Desired up blow

TO DELIVER A DOWN BLOW - SET WEIGHT INDICATORS

TO:
• Normal set down weight
• (-) BHA weight below jar
• (-) Pump Open Force
• (-) Desired down blow
 DRILLING JAR OPERATIONS Contd..
• THE TIME THE JAR TAKES TO STRIKE THE FIRST BLOW
DEPENDS ON:
 THE DEPTH OF OPERATION
 AMOUNT OF STRETCH IN THE STRING
 WHETHER AN ACCELERATOR WAS USED
 BOREHOLE DRAG/FRICTION etc.

• AVOID PLACING THE JARS BELOW STABILIZERS/

REAMERS, OR OTHER TOOLS WITH LARGER OD

• AVOID USING JARS AS CROSS OVER POINT BETWEEN

D/COLLAR & HWDP

• ALWAYS WORK WITHIN THE SAFE WORKING LIMIT.

• AFTER FIRST BLOW CLOSE THE JAR & AGAIN TAKE

NECESSARY STRETCH IN THE STRING.
 DRILLING JAR OPERATIONS Contd..

REASONS WHY JARS MAY FAIL TO FIRE

• Incorrect weight applied to the jar
• Pump open force exceeds the compression force at jar
• Stuck above the jar
• Jar not cocked
• Drag too high to allow sufficient force to be applied to the jar
• Well path is such that the compression can not be applied to jar
• Not waiting long enough for the jar to fire
• In case of hole pack-off the trapped pressure is not bled off
 DRILLING JAR OPERATIONS Contd..
JAR TROUBLE SHOOTING
UNABLE TO HIT THE FIRST BLOW :
• AFTER TAKING STRETCH GIVE ADDITIONAL TIME FOR
THE JAR TO STRIKE
• INCREASE THE OVERPULL
UNABLE TO HIT THE SECOND BLOW :
• BE SURE THE JAR IS FULLY CLOSED
• GIVE ADDITIONAL COMPRESSION TO CLOSE THE JAR
TO INCREASE THE IMPACT :
• INCREASE THE HOISTING SPEED OF DRAW WORKS
 JARRING CALCULATIONS – example
The pipe stuck while making connection at 7500 ft in a vertical well.
Normal pick-up weight prior to sticking was 320k & normal set down
weight was 300k. The free rotating weight was 310k. A hydraulic drilling
jar is placed in the BHA.
BHA weight below jar – 80k Jar internal friction – 10k
Pump open force – 20k
Calculate the following:
• Weight indicator reading to cock the jar (assume jar is full open & pumps are running )
NORMAL SET DOWN WT – BHA WT BELOW JAR – JAR FRICTION – PUMP OPEN FORCE = 300 – 80 – 10 – 20 = 190k

• Weight indicator reading for down blow of 20k

NORMAL SET DOWN WT – BHA WT BELOW JAR – PUMP OPEN FORCE – DESIRED DOWN BLOW = 300 – 80 – 20 – 20 = 180k

• Weight indicator reading to re-cock the jar

NORMAL PICK-UP WT – BHA WT BELOW JAR + JAR FRICTION - PUMP OPEN FORCE = 320 – 80 + 10 – 20 = 230k

• Weight indicator reading for up blow of 50k

NORMAL PICK-UP WT – BHA WT BELOW JAR - PUMP OPEN FORCE + DESIRED UP BLOW = 320 – 80 – 20 + 50 = 270k
 JARRING CALCULATIONS – example
(AN ACTUAL INCIDENT THAT HAPPENED IN NORTH SEA SOMETIME BACK)

The pipe stuck while pumping out of hole with indications of pack off. The
jarring commenced in downward direction. There was 2000 psi trapped in
the string resulting in 34k lbs pump open force. The normal pick-up weight
prior to sticking was 240k and normal set down weight was 120k. BHA
weight below the jar was 50k & jar internal friction was 10k.
The jar had an up-trip force of 90k & down trip force of 30 k.
Down jarring was attempted six times, each time the measured weight
reading of 60k was held for 30 seconds, without any indication of jar firing.
Down jarring was aborted & up jarring commenced. The string could not be
released & the well was sidetracked.

WHAT DO YOU THINK COULD HAVE GONE WRONG?

• Insufficient weight to allow down jarring (even without the pump open force opposing this action)
• Insufficient time allowed for the jar to meter through down stroke

• What should have been the weight indicator reading for down blow of 30k
NORMAL SET DOWN WT – BHA WT BELOW JAR – PUMP OPEN FORCE – DESIRED DOWN BLOW = 120 – 50 – 34 – 30 = 6k
JAR FORCE ENVELOPES
 DAILEY HYDRAULIC DRILLING JAR

Hammer
Up
Anvil

Upper Pressure Piston

Down
Lower Pressure Piston Anvil

Wash Mandrel
Balance Piston

5-15-2000 18
 Spline Mandrel

Up Anvil
Hammer
Down Anvil

Tripping
Shoulder

Flow Mandrel

Upper Lower
Tripping Tripping
5-15-2000 19
Valve Valve
OPERATION OF DAILEY HYDRAULIC DRILLING
JAR

• As the inner mandrel keeps moving through the outer mandrel

under the force applied at the surface, the two halves of the
hydraulic valve are separated

• This allows the hydraulic fluid to by-pass the metering jets, and
the inner mandrel moves rapidly upward, firing the jar

• The firing delay of a hydraulic jar is dependent on a combination

of load and time.
JAR IMPACT Vs IMPULSE
• Jar Impact = M x A
In order to release the fish, the impact force must exceed
the sticking force
• Impulse is the Force x Time the impact lasts
• The longer the impact lasts, the further the fish will slide
for each jarring blow
• To maximize impulse, place more weight members above
the jar
• If differentially struck down-hole, it is common to
maximize impulse
• If only slight movement will release the fish, e.g. stuck
packer, maximize impact
 JAR ACCELERATORS OR JAR INTENSIFIERS
DESCRIPTION
THE ACCELERATOR CONSISTS OF AN OUTER BARREL & AN INNER
MANDREL. THE INNER MANDREL IS FITTED WITH A PISTON & SLIDES
IN/OUT OF BARREL. THE PISTON CHAMBER OF BARREL CONTAINS A
COMPRESSIBLE FLUID THAT ACTS AS A SPRING WHEN COMPRESSED

FUNCTIONS
• TO COMPENSATE FOR LACK OF STRETCH IN A SHORT STRING
• TO COMPENSATE FOR SLOW CONTRACTION OF THE DRILL STRING DUE
TO HIGH HOLE DRAG
• ACT AS A REFLECTOR TO THE SHOCK WAVE TRAVELING UP THE DRILL
STRING FROM THE JAR BLOW
• TO INTENSIFY THE BLOW OR MULTIPLY THE IMPACT FORCE

PLACEMENT
JAR ACCELERATORS ARE PLACED ABOVE THE WEIGHT MEMBERS
KEPT ABOVE THE JAR.
JAR ACCELERATOR CONSTRUCTION
• CONSISTS OF A INNER MANDREL & OUTER BARREL
• THE INNER MANDREL & OUTER BARREL ARE CONNECTED
BY AN INTERFERENCE FIT BETWEEN A PISTON CHAMBER
ON THE OUTER BARREL AND PISTON ON THE INNER
MANDREL
• THE PISTON CHAMBER CONTAINS A COMPRESSIBLE FLUID
THAT ACTS AS A SPRING
• WHEN FORCE IS APPLIED THE TOOL OPENS & WHEN IT IS
RELEASED THE TOOL CLOSES UNDER THE SPRING FORCE
OF THE FLUID IN THE PISTON CHAMBER
• DUAL ACTING ACCELERATORS WORK IN SIMILARLY WITH
BOTH UP JAR & DOWN JAR
 JARRING REVIEW
Name two ways that fishing/drilling jars can be actuated.
Mechanically or hydraulically.
What controls the intensity of the jarring blow of a hydraulic
fishing jar?
The amount of over pull at the surface prior to the jar firing.
What type of fishing jar is most commonly used today,
mechanical or hydraulic?
Hydraulic.
 JARRING REVIEW Contd…
What is the definition of Jarring?
Jarring is the process of transferring stored energy ( stretch
in the work string ) into kinetic energy.
What does detent mean?
In means there is a delaying mechanism in hydraulic jars
which prevents the jar from firing until stretch in the work
string is achieved.
Upon what two things does the firing delay of a hydraulic
jar depend?
Load or over pull and time.
 JARRING REVIEW Contd…
What is meant by impact?
Impact is the force, in pounds, delivered to the stuck spot as
a result of jarring.
In order for jarring to be effective, what must the impact
force exceed?
The sticking force at the fish.
What does mass times acceleration equal to in jarring?
The impact force.
 JARRING REVIEW Contd…
How is the greatest impact force achieved?
By firing the jar at the highest recommended pull load, using
the least practical number of drill collars, and using an
intensifier.
What does impulse refer to?
Impulse is the force times the amount of time the force lasts.
(Force x seconds)
How do you achieve the greatest impulse?
By placing more weight members above the jar.
 JARRING REVIEW Contd…
If differentially stuck, is it common to use more impact or
impulse?
Impulse.
If jarring on a stuck packer, would you use more impact or
more impulse?
Impact.
What two things can the operator do to vary the jar impact
force?
Vary the weight members and vary the pull load.
 JARRING REVIEW Contd…
What is the purpose of weight members in a jarring BHA?
They are the required mass which provides for the impact.
Which jar makes up for the lack of stretch in a work string?
An accelerator jar.
Where should the accelerator be placed in a work string?
Above the weight members placed on the jar
Do mechanical jars respond to over pull only and not time?
Yes, they are dependent on over pull only.
 JARRING REVIEW Contd…
Can we place weight members above an accelerator jar?
No, because they might damage the accelerator jar.
Is it a good idea to circulate the well fluid while jarring down?
No, because the pump open effect will reduce the impact.
Why is it not a good idea to place oil jars below stabilizers or
other large O.D. tools?
Because that’s where the drill string is likely to get stuck.
Are accelerator jars effective without hydraulic oil jars?
No.
 JARRING REVIEW Contd…
What effect does a large amount of free pipe below the
jars have?
It has the effect of a rubber band and absorbs the impact
produced by jarring.
Name at least three reasons for jar failure?
Jars not cocked, stuck below the jars, improper jar
placement.
 BUMPER SUB

• USED PRIMARILY TO GIVE A SOLID

DOWNWARD BLOW OR SOLID UPWARD BLOW.
• USED AS FEED OFF TOOL FOR INTERNAL
CUTTERS.
• INSTALLED JUST ABOVE THE FISHING TOOL
OR SAFETY JOINT.

TO BUMP DOWN THE HOLE:

• ELEVATE THE STRING TO OPEN THE BUMPER
SUB COMPLETELY
• TAKE A STRETCH ON THE STRING
• DROP THE STRING SHARPLY TO WITHIN 6” OF
THE CLOSED POSITION OF THE SUB
 BUMPER SUB Contd..
TO BUMP A SOLID DOWNWARD BLOW:
• ELEVATE THE STRING TO OPEN THE BUMPER SUB
COMPLETELY
• TAKE A STRETCH ON THE STRING
• DROP THE STRING SHARPLY BY FULL STROKE LENGTH.
• THIS WILL CAUSE THE JAR TO CLOSE MORE QUICKLY &
WILL DELIVER A SINGLE DOWNWARD BLOW

TO JAR UP THE HOLE:

• TAKE A STRETCH ON THE STRING
• DROP THE JAR ONLY THE DISTANCE EQUAL TO THE
STRETCH TAKEN. APPLY BRAKE
• THIS CAUSES THE LOWER END OF THE STRING TO SPRING
DOWN & THEN THE RECOIL WILL GIVE A SOLID UPWARD
BLOW.
 SURFACE JARS OR SURFACE BUMPER JAR
• ARE USED TO FREE STUCK DRILL STRING WHICH GOT
STUCK DURING POOH BY GIVING A HEAVY DOWNWARD
BLOW
• ALSO USED TO ACTUATE DRILLING BUMPER SUBS, SAFETY
JOINTS, OVERSHOTS & SPEARS
• INTENSITY OF THE BLOW CAN BE ADJUSTED BETWEEN 0-100
T AT THE SURFACE BY TURNING THE CONTROL RING
PROVIDED IN LOWER SECTION
• IT IS ALWAYS INSTALLED ABOVE THE ROTARY
• IF CIRCULATION IS DESIRED CONNECT KELLY OTHERWISE
CONNECT ONE SINGLE DRILL PIPE ABOVE THE JAR
• ALWAYS BEGIN JARRING AT LIGHT TONNAGE &
GRADUALLY INCREASE THE TONNAGE AS JARRING
PROCEEDS
• DO NOT SET THE TRIPPING TONNAGE HIGHER THAN THE
WEIGHT OF THE FREE STRING
 Polished Stem Upper Connector Jay Rollers Torque Spring Lower Packing Body

Upper Barrel Jay Spring Lower Wash pipe

Packing Body Stem Stem Connector

MECHANICAL JAR

Upper Lower
Spline Up Down Pressure Pressure Pressure Balance Bottom
Mandrel Anvil Hammer Anvil Piston Housing Piston Piston Connector

Spline Connector Flow Triggering Wash Piston

Housing Housing Mandrel Valve Mandrel Stop

HYDRAULIC JAR