Listing Bug
Listing Bug
Listing Bug
PREPARED BY
1. SHAH PRANAV V →
1033004039
2. PANCHAL MEHUL H →
1033004067
3. JADAV DIXIT N →
1033004068
4. SONI ANKIT N →
1033004071
GUIDE BY
PROJECT
REPORT
ON
LISTENING
BUG
3
Certificate
This is to certify that Shah Pranav V, Panchal
Mehul H, Jadav Dixit N, & Soni Ankit N. has
satisfactorily completd their dissertation
entiteld “LISTEING BUG” in partial fulfillment
for the award of the diploma in electrical
engineering. The matter presented in the
dissertation has not been submitted for the
award of any degree or diploma.
PREPARED BY
1. SHAH PRANAV V →
1033004039
2. PANCHAL MEHUL H →
1033004067
3. JADAV DIXIT N →
1033004068
4. SONI ANKIT N →
1033004071
Date of Submission:-
4
INTRODUCTION:-
WORKING:-
CKT DIAGRAM:-
5
C I R C U IT D IA G R A M O F L IS T E N IN G B U G
NEED OF IC:-
IC 741:-
SYMBOL OF IC 741:-
6
• PIN CONNECTION:-
This IC needs dual power supply. In this IC pin no.7 is for +Vcc & pin no. 4
is for – Vee. In this output is taken from pin no. 6. Pin no.2 is non inverting
input (+), when pin no.2 is inverting input (-).
• APPLICATION:-
6. Summing amplifier.
PRESET POT:-
These are also known as the trimmers or trim pots. These are variable resister
but not of continuously variable type. These are used to make desired
adjustment. The resistance is joined in the circuit, necessary adjustment is
made and then left. Present pots are small in size and can be mounted on PCB.
These are single turn type or multi turn type.
In this pot the resistance material is deposited on insulator strip like bakelite.
The resistance material is carbon or cermets. The film is annual ring shaped.
The wipe can be moved over it to change the resistance. Three terminals are
taken out on the lug so that these can be inserted in holes drilled on PCB.
These are available in the range of few ohms to several hundred kilo ohms.
These are designed for low power rating.
RESISTANCE:-
but on larger resistors the resistor value may be printed right on the body. One
important feature of resistance in general is that its effect is the same for both
d.c and a.c circuits.
The two main characteristics of a resistor are its resistance R in ohms and its
power rating W in watts. Resistors are available in a very wide range of R
values from a fraction of an ohm to many kiloohms (kΩ) and megaohms
(MΩ). One kiloohm is 1000Ω and one megaohm is 1,000,000Ω.
CAPACITANCE:-
Capacitance is the ability of a dielectric to store electric change. The more the
charge that is stored for a given voltage, the higher the value of capacitance.
Its symbol is C and the unit is the farad (F), named after Michael faraday. A
capacitor consists of an insulator between two conductors. The conductors
make it possible to apply voltage across the insulator.
Different types of capacitors are manufactures for specific values of C. they
are named according to dielectric. Common types are air, ceramic, mica,
paper, film, and electrolytic capacitors. Capacitors used in electronic circuits
are small and economical.
Capacitors are a common source of troubles because they can either have an
open at the conductors or short circuit through the dielectric. These troubles
are described here, including the method of checking a capacitor with an
ohmmeter, even though a capacitor is actually an insulator.
BATTERY:-
now batteries are used more than ever for all types of electronic portable
equipment.
TRANSISTORS:-
Insemi coductor devicecs the transistors are very important. Transistors are
very useful in different types of amplifiers, oscillator & integrated circuits.
Several types of transistors have been developed by various manufacturers in
the world.
When we put N and P type semi-conductors between two P and N type semi-
conductors, two PN junctions are developed.these two PN junction devices is
known as transistor. Thus, transistors have three electrodes with two
junctions. The names and function of the electrodes are :