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    Science Form 2: 5.5 Acid and Alkali

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    nurafzi
    1. Acids have a pH below 7 and taste sour, while alkalis have a pH above 7 and taste bitter. 2. Both acids and alkalis are corrosive and can turn litmus paper colors. Acids turn blue litmus red, while alkalis turn red litmus blue. 3. Common acids and alkalis are used in products like batteries, cleaners, and fertilizers due to their chemical properties.

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    Science Form 2: 5.5 Acid and Alkali

    Uploaded by

    nurafzi
    2K views38 pages
    1. Acids have a pH below 7 and taste sour, while alkalis have a pH above 7 and taste bitter. 2. Both acids and alkalis are corrosive and can turn litmus paper colors. Acids turn blue litmus red, while alkalis turn red litmus blue. 3. Common acids and alkalis are used in products like batteries, cleaners, and fertilizers due to their chemical properties.

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    1. Acids have a pH below 7 and taste sour, while alkalis have a pH above 7 and taste bitter. 2. Both acids and alkalis are corrosive and can turn litmus paper colors. Acids turn blue litmus red, while alkalis turn red litmus blue. 3. Common acids and alkalis are used in products like batteries, cleaners, and fertilizers due to their chemical properties.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views38 pages

    Science Form 2: 5.5 Acid and Alkali

    Uploaded by

    nurafzi
    1. Acids have a pH below 7 and taste sour, while alkalis have a pH above 7 and taste bitter. 2. Both acids and alkalis are corrosive and can turn litmus paper colors. Acids turn blue litmus red, while alkalis turn red litmus blue. 3. Common acids and alkalis are used in products like batteries, cleaners, and fertilizers due to their chemical properties.

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    Science Form 2

    5.5 Acid and Alkali


    ~The word acid comes from the Latin word ‘acidus’,
    which mean sour.
    ~Acid in food gives the food a sour and tangy taste.
    ~Acids used in laboratory are harmful.
    ~Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid are
    three common acids used in the laboratory.
    ~has a sour taste
    ~has a pH value less than 7
    ~has a corrosive nature
    ~turns blue litmus paper red
    ~Reacts with reactive metals such as zinc,
    magnesium and iron to produce hydrogen gas.
    The hydrogen gives out a squeaky ‘pop' when
    tested with a lighted splinter.
    # Alkali is the chemical ‘opposite’ of acid
    # Alkalis are often used in many household cleaners
    such as in bath, sink and glass cleaners.
    # Ammonia solution, sodium hydroxide solution and
    potassium hydroxide solution are three common
    alkalis used in the laboratory.
    # has a bitter taste
    # has a soapy feel
    # has a pH value greater than 7
    # has a corrosive nature
    # turns red litmus paper blue
    # reacts with ammonium salts to release ammonia
    when heated
    Activity with Students
    Group the substance you taste

    Acidic Alkaline
    The properties of acid and alkali:

    Properties of Acid Properties of Alkali


    • Has a pH value less than7 • Has a pH value more than 7
    • Has a sour taste • Has a bitter taste and feels
    • Corrosive soapy
    • Turns blue litmus to red • Corrosive
    • Reacts with most metals • Turns red litmus to blue
    Acidic and Alkaline substance in
    daily life
    Uses of acid and Alkali in daily
    Acid
    Sulphuric acid  used in car batteries
     used in making fertilizers, paper, plastic

    Hydrochloric acid used to clean metals


     kill the bacteria in our stomach

    Nitric Acid used to make explosives

    Alkali
    Sodium hydroxide used to make paper
     make soap, detergents, plastic

    Potassium hydroxide used to dye cloth


     used to remove varnish and paint
    1. State the properties of Acid and Alkali….

    Properties of Acid Properties of Alkali


    • Has a pH value less • Has a pH value more than
    than7 7
    • Has a sour taste • Has a bitter taste and
    • Corrosive feels soapy
    • Turns blue litmus to red • Corrosive
    • Reacts with most metals • Turns red litmus to blue
    State 1 use of

    Hydrochloric acid Sodium hydroxide

    kill the bacteria in our stomach make soap, detergents, plastic


    1. Acids and alkalis may exist in solids, liquids or
    gases.

    2. However, acids and alkali will only show their


    acidic and alkaline properties when dissolved in
    water.

    3. For example, when a piece of dry blue litmus


    paper is added to solid citric acid, there is no
    change in colour.
    Solid citric Citric acid
    acid In water

    Dry blue Blue litmus paper


    litmus paper
    Acids need water to show its properties

    Solid citric Citric acid


    acid In water

    Dry blue Blue litmus paper


    litmus paper turns red
    Solid barium Solid barium
    hydroxide hydroxide In water

    Dry red Red litmus paper


    litmus paper
    Alkalis need water to show its properties

    Solid barium
    hydroxide Solid barium
    hydroxide In water

    Dry blue Blue litmus paper


    Litmus paper turns red
    What happen to red
    litmus paper if put in What happen to blue
    solid barium litmus paper if put in
    hydroxide??? solid citric acid???

    How to show the How to show the


    properties of barium properties of citric
    hydroxide?? acid??

    What happen to What happen to


    red litmus paper blue litmus paper
    after that??? after that???
    Aim:
    To identify the properties of acid and
    alkali.

    Problem Statement (Acid):


    What are the properties of acid?
    Hypothesis:

    A: Acid has the pH value less than 7


    B: Acid has the sour taste
    C: Acid is corrosive
    D: Acid will turn the blue litmus to red
    E: Acid will react with metal
    Materials:
    pH paper, colour chart, dilute
    hydrochloric acid, lemon, dilute
    vinegar, filter paper, red litmus paper,
    blue litmus paper, sandpaper,
    concentrated hydrochloric acid,
    wooden splinter.
    Apparatus:
    Test tubes, white tile, dropper
    Procedures:

    A: pH value
    1. Dip a piece of pH paper into a test
    tube with 3cm3 of dilute hydrochloric
    acid.
    2. Compare the resulting colour with the
    colour chart
    3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for lemon juice
    and dilute vinegar.
    Diagram:

    Dilute hydrochloride acid Lemon Juice Dilute vinegar


    B: Taste
    1. Taste a lemon juice

    C: Corrosive Nature (teacher’s demonstration)

    Concentrated
    Hydrochloric acid

    Filter Paper

    White tile
    D: Effect on litmus paper

    Dropper

    Red litmus paper


    Dilute hydrochloric
    acid

    White tile Blue litmus paper


    E: Reaction with metals

    Sand paper
    Dilute hydrochloric acid

    Magnesium ribbon

    Test with lighted splinter


    Problem Statement (Alkali):
    What are the properties of alkali?

    Hypothesis:
    A: Alkali has the pH value more than 7
    B: Alkali has a feels of soapy
    C: Alkali is corrosive
    D: Alkali will turn the red litmus to blue
    Materials:
    pH paper, colour chart, dilute sodium
    hydroxide, filter paper, red litmus paper,
    blue litmus paper, concentrated sodium
    hydroxide, distilled water

    Apparatus:
    Test tubes, white tile, dropper
    Procedure:
    A: pH value

    1. Dip a piece of pH paper into a test tube with


    3cm3 of dilute sodium hydroxide.

    1. Compare the resulting colour with the


    colour chart

    1. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for ammonium


    hydroxide and dilute barium hydroxide
    Diagram:

    Dilute sodium hydroxide ammonium hydroxide dilute barium


    hydroxide
    B: Feel
    1. Feel the dilute sodium hydroxide

    C: Corrosive Nature (teacher’s demonstration)

    Concentrated
    sodium hydroxide

    Filter Paper

    White tile
    D: Effect on litmus paper

    Dropper

    Red litmus paper


    Dilute sodium
    hydroxide

    White tile Blue litmus paper


    Observation:
    Acid
    Alkali
    Conclusion:

    Properties of Acid Properties of Alkali


    • Has a pH value less than7 • Has a pH value more than 7
    • Has a sour taste • Has a bitter taste and feels
    • Corrosive soapy
    • Turns blue litmus to red • Corrosive
    • Reacts with most metals • Turns red litmus to blue
    Homework:

    Complete the report

    Do the note for


    • the properties of acid and alkali
    • the role of water
    • the uses of acid and alkali in daily life.
    That all 4 today…………..

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